category stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes int64 0 12 | gold_evidence list | id stringlengths 20 20 | label stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence list | text stringlengths 16 429 | total_likes int64 0 7 | total_votes int64 0 13 | wikipedia_page stringlengths 3 49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\"."
}
] | CTq8F8LtTmGUl23jjy5g | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In Daniel Easterman's K is for Killing (1997), a fictional Charles Lindbergh becomes President of a fascist United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped... | Charles Lindbergh accidentally killed his baby son. | 2 | 5 | Charles Lindbergh |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons broke into the major leagues in 1923 after playing collegiate baseball at Baylor University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "He joined the White Sox on a road trip and never pitched a day in the minors."
... | CUJ2CxWaNkYCzFKNcTrY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "In Lyons' 21 seasons with the Sox, they finished fifth or lower (in an eight-team league) 16 times, and never finished higher than third."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "New York Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said... | Ted Lyons played Triple A ball after he finished college. | 0 | 0 | Ted Lyons |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; as well as the most populou... | CVSHTtq4nnNeNoPtQQ5n | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors."
},
{
"section_header": ... | Brazil is just 1 of 2 Portuguese speaking south american nations. | 0 | 0 | Brazil |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra."
}
] | CWBDX1IzPbipbmaacHhh | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Infrared excess",
"text": "As of 2002, about 400 of these stars have been found, and they have come to be termed \"Vega-like\" or \"Vega-excess\" stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stars that display an infrared excess due to dust ... | Vega is the dimmest star in the Andromeda galaxy. | 0 | 0 | Vega |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a devoted horseback rider."
}
] | CXT7TSjeSgo0kMvhWTOU | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "World War II | Advance into Germany",
"text": "Patton knew that one of the inmates was his son-in-law, Lieutenant Colonel John K. Waters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beatrice Patton died in 1953 when she was thrown from her horse."
},
{
"section_he... | George Patton knew how to ride a horse. | 0 | 0 | Patton |
History | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Juárez died of a heart attack on July 18, 1872, aged 66, while reading a newspaper at his desk in the National Palace in Mexico City."
}
] | CXXD0gMvkZpSjWQ89dPV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His parents, Brígida García and Marcelino Juárez, were Zapotec peasants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benito Pablo Juárez García (Spanish: [beˈnito ˈpaβlo ˈxwaɾes gaɾˈsi.a] (listen); 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexic... | Benito García died of a massive stroke. | 2 | 9 | Benito Juarez |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The elder Garrison became unemployed and deserted the family in 1808."
}
] | CY5VavkXde8yvtOHNLnQ | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She started referring to their son William as Lloyd, his middle name, to preserve her family name; he later printed his name as \"Wm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Under An Act for the relief of sick and disa... | William Lloyd Garrison's father abandoned the family in the early 1800s. | 0 | 0 | William Lloyd Garrison |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Second voyage\" (1499–1500)",
"text": "Their intention was to explore the coast of a new landmass found by Columbus on his third voyage and in particular investigate a rich source of pearls that Columbus had reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | ... | CYsGIAuUF4Ioa349zeoT | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages",
"text": "Traditionally, Vespucci's voyages are referred to as the \"first\" through \"fourth\", even by historians who refute one or more of the trips."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vespucci claimed to have understood, back in 1501 during ... | One of Amerigo Vespucci's trips to the New World was sparked in part by wanting to find jewels like Columbus did. | 0 | 0 | Amerigo Vespucci |
Literature | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Idiót) is a novel by the 19th-century Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
}
] | CZrWVv6OcfSnEQ8yz0QB | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Frank describes The Idiot as \"the most personal of all Dostoevsky's major works, the book in which he embodies his most intimate, cherished, and sacred convictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In October 2011, the Estonian direc... | The Idiot is a book written by an Ukrainian author. | 2 | 6 | The Idiot |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other well-known works by Strauss include two symphonies, lieder (especially the Four Last Songs), the Violin Concerto in D minor, the Horn Concerto No. 1, Horn Concerto No. 2, his Oboe Concerto and other instrumental works such as Metamorphosen."
},
{
"sectio... | CZwMicCLlmT4TXgvSkdl | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras, he has been described as a successor of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Strauss as composer | Tone poems and other orchestral works",
"text": "Strauss wrote ... | The composer Richard Strauss was a German Romantic is known for his two symphonies and his operas. | 0 | 0 | Richard Strauss |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "The Mazarinettes",
"text": "Mazarin did not have children, but he did have seven nieces: five from the Mancini family (daughters of his sister Girolama) and two from the Martinozzi family (daughters of his sister Laura)."
}
] | Cadlinrm2fC8qrBgQy0u | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The destruction of the conspiracy against the King was one of the last acts of Cardinal Richelieu."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal and Deputy of Cardinal Richelieu",
"text": "The Queen was at this time pregnant with her ... | Cardinal Mazarin, an Italian cardinal, replaced Cardinal Richelieu as first minister to two french kings and was assassinated in 1661 leaving behind a child by his mistress. | 1 | 2 | Cardinal Mazarin |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994."
}
] | CagiOwvB6Oy1hwpudXqI | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Throughout his career, his birth year was reported as 1918 in The Sporting News, the Baseball Register, and the American League Red Book; later reference sources revised the year to 1917, indicating his age at the time of his death to be 89."
},
{
"section... | Rizzuto played baseball for 10 years. | 0 | 5 | Phil Rizzuto |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history"
}
] | CanX9EECYyVLTunU0mvg | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Jr. Although Roy and Earle had never gotten along with Connie, Jr., who was more than 20 years younger than them, Connie, Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality",
"text": "However, he did not want to cross the dictatorial commissioner Ken... | Connie Mack was a manager for more time then any other person in the Majors. | 2 | 6 | Connie Mack |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsār... | Cb0dmmeErBB0PAoWU5yA | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the Buddhist context, nirvana refers to realization of non-self and emptiness, marking the end of rebirth by stilling the fires that keep the process of rebirth going."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "Those sages who reach it are free from so... | The term Nirvana technically translates to 'blown out', and refers to the end of the cycle of rebirth. | 3 | 5 | Nirvana |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War."
}
] | Cb4QaMOXwQzVpW578zXz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Keefe's career spanned much of baseball's formative stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He went 41–27 over 619 innings pitched with a 2.41 ERA and 361 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When T... | Keefe's dad was a soldier in the Union. | 0 | 0 | Tim Keefe |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "After the Sun Temple ceased to attract faithful, Konark became deserted, left to disappear in dense forests for years."
}
] | CbPWrAVUmJHVE9vouCCx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Description | Other temples and monuments",
"text": "This discovery was significant because it confirmed that the Konark Sun Temple complex revered all the major Hindu traditions, and was not an exclusive worship place for the saura cult as previously believed."
},
{
"section_he... | The Konark Sun Temple in India was built in the 13th-century and still serves as an active place of worship today. | 0 | 0 | Konark Sun Temple |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2006, his descendants permitted examination of medical records: these showed he had hypertension, with a blood pressure more than twice normal, confirming what had long been suspected."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the time he was tho... | CcO2RJxql2LvOunIch14 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Washington's health was deteriorating rapidly in 1915; he collapsed in New York City and was diagnosed by two different doctors as having Bright's disease, related to kidney diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Told he only had a few days left... | Booker T. Washington had severe kidney disease, and was told he had days to live after being diagnosed, but then died of circulatory/heart issues. | 1 | 1 | Booker T. Washington |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Joan was illiterate and it is believed that her letters were dictated by her to scribes and she signed her letters with the help of others."
}
] | CcQrlxZE3PhPOnSy7WZe | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Various contemporary letters also emerged, three of which carry the signature Jehanne in the unsteady hand of a person learning to write."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "World War I songs include \"Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You\", and \"Joan ... | Joan of Arc could not read or write. | 0 | 0 | Joan of Arc |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pulp Fiction is widely regarded as Tarantino's masterpiece, with particular praise for its screenwriting."
}
] | CcmapkjL1OaztcXlXtwM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In Siskel's view, the violent intensity of Pulp Fiction calls to mind other violent watershed films that were considered classics in their time and still are."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is often considered a cultural watershed, influ... | Pulp Fiction is considered to be a classic. | 0 | 0 | Pulp Fiction |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is considered by many to be Forster's masterpiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The story revolves around three families in England at the beginning of the 20th century: the Wilcoxes, rich capitalists with a fortune made in the c... | CctAmZUcRIVnG2Z1fGOi | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster, first published in 1910, about social conventions, codes of conduct and relationships in turn-of-the-century England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "On Beauty, a novel by Zadie Smith, i... | Howards End is a novel by E. M. Forster about wealthy American bankers and thought to be Howard's master work. | 0 | 0 | Howards End |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Margaret Atwood served as consulting producer."
}
] | CczQDGkhfQMNkGaWGxgp | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Hulu has produced a television series based on the novel, starring Elisabeth Moss as Offred."
},
{
"section_header": "Academic reception | Challenges",
"text": "Atwood participated in discussing The Handmaid's Tale as the subject of an ... | The novel by Margaret Atwood The Handmaid's Tale was turned into television series on Hulu but after a disagreement the original author was not used to consult on the series. | 0 | 0 | The Handmaid's Tale |
History | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
}
] | CdG1LudoLWaF0quVdeOi | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Vietnam is home to eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated 96.2 million inhabitants as of 2019, it is the 15th most populous country in the world."
},
{
"section_h... | Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia, is the 5th most populous country in the world. | 1 | 5 | Vietnam |
Science | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
}
] | CdmLtlMr3VONQSIlP67N | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gastropods (snails and slugs) are by far the most numerous molluscs and account for 80% of the total classified species."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Snails and slugs can also be serious agricultural pests, and accidental or deliberate i... | Snails and slugs are the most numerous molluscs and account for 90% of the total classified species. | 3 | 5 | Mollusca |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the sta... | Cdx3VdLjgKMrrvgEzZ2E | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today it is the informal name of the Vermont National Guard, which comprises both the Army and Air National Guards."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Today, the Vermont Army National Guard and Vermont Air National Guard are collect... | The Green Mountain Boys is the informal name of the Vermont National Guard but it was first established as a militia. | 0 | 0 | Green Mountain Boys |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Character",
"text": "Tracy was an avowed Catholic, but his cousin, Jane Feely, said that he did not devoutly follow the religion: \"he was often not a practical Catholic either."
}
] | Ce8D9zxKIuN4pIlHlayp | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "He was the first of nine actors to win the award twice, and is one of two actors to receive it consecutively, the other being Tom Hanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the major stars of Hollywood's Golden Age, Tracy won ... | Spencer Tracy won best actor two consecutive times and was Jewish. | 0 | 3 | Spencer Tracy |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Hoffman, whose mother was born in England, was the bullpen coach for the Great Britain team during the qualifying round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic."
}
] | CevxlyCXYhwGz9txr0Ww | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ed would often bring Trevor to the games with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "\"My greatest memory of Trevor is from game No. 163 in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Work ethic",
"text": "Bu... | Trevor Hoffman's mom is British. | 0 | 0 | Trevor Hoffman |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "A \"power trio,\" the Police are known as a new wave and post-punk band, with many songs falling in the reggae-fusion genre."
}
] | Cf9fv6Qlf75le9YkvCaz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this time, the band were considered one of the leaders of the Second British Invasion of the US; in 1983 Rolling Stone labelled them \"the first British New Wave act to break through in America on a grand scale, and possibly the biggest band in the world."
},... | The Police are considered a "power trio". | 0 | 0 | The Police |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film, which is the eighth and final instalment in the Harry Potter film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling."
}
] | CfDMbON9WRt6Nz383rFv | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 grossed $381,011... | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2 is not the last movie of the saga. | 0 | 1 | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Kiz Toys is a toy company based out of Cumming, Georgia, and Niekro advises the company on the KizSport baseball line, reviewing product designs and development on an ongoing basis and offering suggestions on current and future products."
},
{
"section_head... | CfG3a7nAZnfxFlZ3Nrel | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "Niekro debuted with the Milwaukee Braves in 1964, working 15 major league innings and spending time with the team's class AAA minor league affiliate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text"... | Phil Niekro works in the marketing department of a sports franchise. | 0 | 0 | Phil Niekro |
Popular Culture | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
}
] | CflQPPTXafhfbpJTnGom | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
},
{
"sectio... | The series follows young Suzanne Collins. | 1 | 4 | The Hunger Games |
Science | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "They are: the outer mitochondrial membrane, the intermembrane space (the space between the outer and inner membranes), the inner mitochondrial membrane, the cristae space (formed by infoldings of the inner membrane), and the matrix (space within the inner membrane)... | CfopTBwy9AZC4ukmZPua | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Structure | Outer membrane",
"text": "Larger proteins can enter the mitochondrion if a signaling sequence at their N-terminus binds to a large multisubunit protein called translocase in the outer membrane, which then actively moves them across the membrane."
},
{
"section_header... | The Mitochondrion can exist without one of its membranes but is called a different name. | 1 | 3 | Mitochondrion |
NOCAT | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna."
}
] | CgHITjkYmWfBirf0aLy9 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "The Canadian sketch comedy History Bites... | Pope Alexander VI was a member of the Tudor family. | 0 | 0 | Pope Alexander VI |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; \"Suleiman the Lawgiver\") in his realm, was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 until his death in 1566."
}
] | CgPv8iumKVJUjuyM8SpE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Campaigns in the Indian Ocean",
"text": "The Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great himself is known to have exchanged six documents with Suleiman the Magnificent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and political reforms",
"text": "While Sultan Suleiman was known as... | Suleiman the Magnificent was known as a criminal and was not allowed into the military. | 1 | 6 | Suleiman the Magnificent |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the mid-1960s, Oedipa Maas lives a fairly comfortable life in the (fictional) northern Californian village of Kinneret, despite her lackluster marriage with Mucho Maas, a rudderless radio jockey, and her sessions with Dr. Hilarius, an unhinged German psychotherapist w... | CgiwrOceXzOB0v0HUBdz | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49 (1965) is the shortest novel published by American author Thomas Pynchon."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Crying of Lot 49. J. B. Lippincott."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Wendel... | The Crying of Lot 49 is a short novel with characters who names are Mucho Maas and Dr. Hilarious. | 0 | 0 | The Crying of Lot 49 |
Geography | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
}
] | CgkjYRVhkdoB8IvPBmWv | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "Its LaGuardia Airport Command is located in Building 137."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The existing North Beach Airport was an obvious location, but much too small for the sort of airport that was being p... | The LaGuardia Airport is located in California. | 0 | 2 | LaGuardia Airport |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business \"cleaner and more accountable\" while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services."
},
{
"section_header": "S... | ChHuesaU6Hx7B4BDBPQp | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "At the same time, it was announced that Google will be reorganized as a limited liability company, Google LLC.Eric Schmidt said at an Internet Association event in 2015 that there may eventually be more than 26 Alphabet subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": ... | Alphabet Inc. is the parent company of Google as of 2015 with the same founders to allow more cover for their other companies. | 0 | 0 | Alphabet Inc. |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo (Korean: 엑소; stylized in all caps) is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul, with nine members: Xiumin, Suho, Lay, Baekhyun, Chen, Chanyeol, D.O., Kai and Sehun."
}
] | ChSVtuEKlbUDNgOkG3nK | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018, and have been named \"the biggest boy band in the world\" and the \"kings of K-pop\" by media outlets."
},
{
"section_head... | Exo is a South Korean–Chinese boy band based in Seoul made of 12 members and has ranked as one of the top five most influential celebrities on the Forbes Korea Power Celebrity list each year from 2014 to 2018. | 0 | 0 | Exo (band) |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a child, Banks was not very interested in baseball, preferring swimming, basketball and football."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father bought him a baseball glove for less than three dollars at a five and dime store and motivated... | CherXhyf1Sb1dVzCGfIT | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, who had worked in construction and was a warehouse loader for a grocery chain, played baseball for black, semi-professional teams in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "He was the Cubs' first black player; he... | American baseball player Ernie Banks got interested in playing because of his father who played on the black leagues in Texas. | 0 | 0 | Ernie Banks |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son, Jon."
},
{
"section_h... | CiMtPFOqNdEfOLkiyF4j | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 1932, Lindbergh's infant son, Charles Jr., was kidnapped and murdered in what the American media called the \"Crime of the Century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | In Europe (1936–1939)",
"text": "An intensely private man, Lindbergh bec... | Charles Lindbergh tried to escape the attention of the media after the trial of the murderer of his son by taking his family to Europe. | 0 | 0 | Charles Lindbergh |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Post career",
"text": "Dihigo returned to Cuba when Castro took power, and was appointed the minister of sports."
}
] | CigdJ479RaQLdjgmfLxb | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "As a pitcher, he went 26–19 with a 2.92 ERA, with 176 strikeouts and 80 walks in 354 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Dihigo was also inducted into the Hispanic Heritage Baseball Museum Hall of Fame."
}... | Dihigo got involved in politics after the end of his baseball career. | 1 | 4 | Martín Dihigo |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial ... | CiwZyUGHvNFRWjAvJPm7 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "German industrialists in the Ruhr Valley, who had lost factories in Lorraine which went back to France after the war, demanded hundreds of millions of marks compensation from the German government."
},
{
... | The Dawes Plan ensured that Germany would receive compensation for the colonies it lost to other European nations. | 0 | 0 | Dawes Plan |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Before Dick Williams became a Major League manager in 1967, he successfully appeared on the television quiz shows The Match Game and the original Hollywood Squares."
}
] | CiwbAmqhQ4atZxaorttS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | An \"Impossible Dream\" in Boston",
"text": "In Yastrzemski's words, \"Dick Williams didn't take anything when he took over the club last spring...to the best of my knowledge—and I would know if it had happened—no one challenged Williams all season."
},... | Dick Williams was a participant in a celebrity dancing competition on TV. | 0 | 0 | Dick Williams |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "While none of Fargo was actually filmed in Fargo, the Fargo-Moorhead Convention & Visitors Bureau exhibits original script copies and several props used in the film, including the wood chipper prop."
}
] | CjF7Swyf60e5g3pAaYFj | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Ebert called it \"one of the best films I've ever seen\", adding that \"films like Fargo are why I love the movies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "[Coen brothers] realised what a tough acting challenge we w... | No part of Fargo was not shot on location. | 0 | 6 | Fargo (film) |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Records and statistics",
"text": "Since their inception, Paris Saint-Germain have played 50 seasons, all of them within the top three levels of the French football league system: Ligue 1, Ligue 2 and Division 3."
}
] | CjJ3ZGfIHSIHcudEB3Ko | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Identity | Crest evolution",
"text": "Having to merge and give birth to the club using Stade Saint-Germain's stadium, the PFC crest kept its original design but the name below it changed from \"Paris FC\" to \"Paris Saint-Germain Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly ... | Paris Saint-Germain F.C. have participated in 70 seasons. | 0 | 0 | Paris Saint-Germain F.C. |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "The prince would have to wait five years before he was married in 1612 (1021 AH), on a date selected by the court astrologers as most conducive to ensuring a happy marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "In addition, Khurram had two child... | CjT5qEwft7jA8rj0rSUz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth and background",
"text": "Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram was born on 5 January 1592 in Lahore, in modern-day Pakistan, and was the third son of Prince Salim (later known as 'Jahangir' upon his accession)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "This ... | Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram wed his third wife after an engagement of half a decade. | 0 | 0 | Shah Jahan |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander, and Justin Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of a couple's divorce, its impact on their young son, and the subsequent evolution of their relationship and views... | Cjcb8UuwJK8DC1tadrEe | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "In 1995, Kramer vs. Kramer was remade in India as Akele Hum Akele Tum, starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander, and Justin Henry."
},
{
"sec... | Kramer vs. Kramer is a film that stars Dustin Hoffman and is about a couple's divorce. | 0 | 0 | Kramer vs. Kramer |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Audio | Radio",
"text": "It was broadcast on National Public Radio in 1981, adapting the original 1977 film into 13 episodes."
}
] | CjqDYbUcgdhsUG6Mx1jJ | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "In other media | Print media | Comics",
"text": "Marvel's Star Wars series was one of the industry's top selling titles in 1979 and 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of ... | One of the adaptations of Star Wars aired on NPR. | 0 | 0 | Star Wars |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "It tells the story of Kovic's life growing up in Massapequa, New York, joining the United States Marine Corps right out of high school, going to Vietnam for two tours of duty, getting shot, finding himself paralyzed and in need of a wheelchair, and eventually starting ... | CkRd7N4pFkRDqZ3fqwKU | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July was written in Santa Monica, California, during the fall of 1974 in exactly one month, three weeks and two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born on the Fourth of July, published in 1976, is the best-selling autobi... | Born on the Fourth of July was an autobiography written by a New Yorker. | 0 | 0 | Born on the Fourth of July |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutiny of the title is legalistic, not violent, and takes place during Typhoon Cobra, in December 1944."
}
] | CkfuJyfJ3R7HOSFjxy2Q | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "This sequence of events and its resolution marks the climax and most thrilling portion of the novel, and it parallels Wouk's experiences as Executive Officer aboard the destroyer minesweeper USS Southard in Okinawa during Typhoon Ida in September of 1945."... | The Caine Mutiny novel was derived from the author's WWII experiences that influenced the novel's violent coup that occurs as the climax of the plot. | 0 | 0 | The Caine Mutiny |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852."
}
] | Cl1iRH2FopEuzZEJtZda | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Bayreuth (1871–... | German composer and conductor Richard Wagner wrote essays. | 0 | 0 | Richard Wagner |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator."
}
] | Cl6S3dZ8RalXgv8tJeN0 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Temple, William H. \"William H. Seward: Secretary of State March 5, 1861, to March 4, 1869 \" in Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "pp 3–115. pp 3–115. Valone, Stephen J. (Fall 1995). \" \"Weakness offers temptati... | William H. Seward was the President of Operations at the William Won Ka Factory and the creator of the orange jumpsuit for inmates. | 0 | 0 | William H. Seward |
Geography | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site's stewardship is maintained by Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History)."
}
] | ClFYiieMiM16DRli4WQo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico with over 2.6 million tourists in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico; in 2017 it was estimated to h... | Chichen Itza is one of the most visited cities in Mexico. | 2 | 6 | Chichen Itza |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Suicide attempts",
"text": "More than 30 people have attempted suicide over the years by jumping from the upper parts of the building, with most attempts being successful."
}
] | CmNgLUmVWeR7HPgIzg7m | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2010s",
"text": "By 2014, the building was owned by the Empire State Realty Trust (ESRT), with Anthony Malkin as chairman, CEO, and president."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s and 1990s",
"text": "The Empire State Building was added to the Na... | The Empire State Building is an infamous place for people taking their own lives. | 0 | 0 | Empire State Building |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Marriage and children",
"text": "She married fellow student Aaron Yalow, the son of a rabbi, in June 1943."
}
] | CmnbtKmTiIqdSiD5fpJw | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was born in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Clara (née Zipper) and Simon Sussman, and was raised in a Jewish household."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "The month after graduating from Hunter Co... | Rosalyn Sussman Yalow did not marry. | 0 | 0 | Rosalyn Sussman Yalow |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A faithful and well-received television adaptation of the novel was produced in an 11-part miniseries by Granada Television in 1981."
}
] | CmryR8j6wkdmUURuXcsr | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel is divided into three parts, framed by a prologue and epilog... | The novel Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder was turned into a three part miniseries in 1980. | 0 | 0 | Brideshead Revisited |
Music | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The first was L'Enfance du Christ in 1960 and the last the Requiem in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His output includes orchestral works such as the Symphonie fantastique and Harold in Italy, choral pieces including the Requiem and L... | CnOEdYeDbAIHOyJLHfBS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral",
"text": "Among the generation of French composers ahead of him, Cherubini, Méhul, Gossec and Berlioz's teacher Le Sueur all wrote for huge forces on occasion, and in the Requiem and to a lesser degree the Te Deum Berlioz follows them, in his own manner."
},
{
"s... | Berlioz did not compose the Requiem. | 0 | 1 | Hector Berlioz |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Tests carried out by Prof. Emanuel Vlček in the late 20th century on samples of muscular tissue from Smetana's exhumed body provided further evidence of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Ho... | Cne73qfmrbX5fWAsXQfe | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bedřich Smetana ( BED-ər-zhikh SMET-ə-nə, Czech: [ˈbɛdr̝ɪx ˈsmɛtana] (listen); 2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood."
... | Whether or not the Czech composer Bedřich Smetana expired due to age-based loss of faculties or an STD is still up for debate. | 0 | 0 | Bedřich Smetana |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "During the investigation, the government found that the company had given shares to more than 30 representatives of both parties, including James A. Garfield, Colfax, Patterson, and Wilson."
}
] | CoD6brBA5dqy8RMPRmoF | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "After the revelations, the Union Pacific and other investors were left nearly bankrupt."
},
{
"se... | The 1867 Crédit Mobilier scandal nearly bankrupted Union Pacific and involved both political parties. | 3 | 6 | Credit Mobilier of America scandal |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a captain in the United States Army he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "As a member of the Republican Party, Fall was elected a... | ComC6q99F0n32w8aqBUO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "However, while in the Senate he had become close friends with the people who would later make up the infamous Ohio Gang, which secured him a cabinet position in March 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
... | Albert Fall served in the army before becoming a U.S. Senator. | 0 | 0 | Albert B. Fall |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment of the Star Wars sequel trilogy, following The Force Awakens (2015) and The Last Jedi (2017), and the final episode of the nine-part \"Skywalker saga."
}
] | CpCV6RmQgGTcnBHVZe7e | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tran, Ian McDiarmid, and Bill... | Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker is the eighth movie in the nine part saga and the film's ensemble cast includes Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Anthony Daniels, Naomi Ackie, Domhnall Gleeson, Richard E. Grant, Lupita Nyong'o, Keri Russell, Joonas Suotamo, Kelly Marie Tr... | 0 | 0 | Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final season began airing on October 21, 2016, and ended March 10, 2017."
}
] | CpDMctkPCzcm2RHo5aev | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural teen drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "\"R... | The Vampire Diaries, an American supernatural teen drama television series, has one more season remaining that is scheduled to air in October. | 0 | 3 | The Vampire Diaries |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the Christian Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism",
"text": "Since t... | CpFhWHJZeWW5J83Me5rm | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "Julian was succeeded by the short-lived Emperor Jovian who reestablished Christianity's privileged position throughout the Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Restoration of state Paganism | Charity",
"text": "The fa... | Julian the Roman emperor grew up a christian and lived his life according to their virtues. | 0 | 0 | Julian (emperor) |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Again on August 23, 1915, Torriente kicked Umpire Kelly after Kelly called him out when Torriente attempted to steal third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A fight with Crawford during the game spilled out onto the street after... | CpN9lvhePKDVfMkhdajV | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Torriente would play several years for both teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cristóbal Torriente (November 16, 1893 – April 11, 1938) was a Cuban outfielder in Negro league baseball with the Cuban Stars, All Nations, Chicago A... | Cristóbal Torriente made a habit of playing fair and being kind to his peers. | 0 | 0 | Cristóbal Torriente |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first novel in the Harry Potter series and Rowling's debut novel"
}
] | CpQzs8sheWEn27a2lyIa | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, along with the rest of the Harry Potter series, has been attacked by some religious groups and banned in some countries because of accusations that the novels promote witchcraft under the guise of a heroic, moral story."
},
... | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is the 1st book of the Harry Potter series. | 3 | 5 | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Immediately after graduating from the University of Oregon, Knight enlisted in the army and served one year on active duty and seven years in the Army Reserve."
}
] | Cpcf5QjEn3VbBMz6sVDy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "On February 16, 2001, the Oregon University System enacted a mandate that all institutions within the system choose business partners from a politically neutral standpoint, barring all universities in Oregon from joining eithe... | After he graduated from the University of Oregon, Phil Knight joined the military. | 0 | 0 | Phil Knight |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los A... | Cpidejrjj68sZUhJEkcy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "That creek is so named because of the type of clay found there, which alludes to the creative nature of the company's software."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name of the company, Adobe, comes from Adobe Creek in Los Altos, California, whi... | Adobe Inc. was named after a creek. | 0 | 0 | Adobe Inc. |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographical 1966 novel The Last Picture Show by Larry McMurtry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1951 Sonny Crawford and D... | Cpzxg0OadRGXqQsBRW7y | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film features many songs of Hank Williams Sr. and other recording artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last Picture Show is a 1971 American drama film directed and co-written by Peter Bogdanovich, adapted from a semi-autobiographica... | The 1971 film The Last Picture Show is about small town Texas and stars songs by Hank Williams Sr. | 0 | 0 | The Last Picture Show |
Geography | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The colony remained under Portuguese rule until 1999, when it was transferred to China."
}
] | CqSQ9LMJf8zAcupzVtUZ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "All travellers between Macau and China and Hong Kong must pass border controls, regardless of nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Chinese citizens resident in mainland China do not have the right of abod... | Macau was controlled by the Spanish till the late 1990's. | 1 | 1 | Macau |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin."
}
] | CqcQtPwOUQ3KOVqeilIU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "The President of Germany, whose functions are mainly ceremonial under the German constitution, has their official residence in Bel... | The city of Berlin mainly speaks Dutch. | 0 | 0 | Berlin |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "After hours, he played bat-and-ball games in the streets of Manhattan with volunteer firefighters."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Cartwright served as fire chief of Honolulu from 1850 through June 30, 1863."
}
] | CqyOIpjDhPi96OTr2HAe | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jay Martin's Live All You Can: Alexander Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball supports Cartwright as the inventor of baseball, while Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by"
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawa... | Alexander Cartwright was a fireman. | 0 | 0 | Alexander Cartwright |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] | Cr8xgHgXGmB6x9VHmccz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "He eventually won through, and the Allied navy remained off the coast of Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "At the ensuing Battle of Marathon, the Athenians won a remarkable victory, which resulted in the withdrawal of the Persian army... | Battle of Salamis was won by the Greeks. | 0 | 2 | Battle of Salamis |
Popular Culture | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Transmission strategies",
"text": "Parasites use a variety of methods to infect animal hosts, including physical contact, the fecal–oral route, free-living infectious stages, and vectors, suiting their differing hosts, life cycles, and ecological contexts."
}... | CrCfvGtUq4oJyei2W81h | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Fungi",
"text": "For example, the honey fungi in the genus Armillaria grow in the roots of a wide variety of trees, and eventually kill them."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Basic concepts",
"text": "Taxonomists classify parasites in a va... | Parasites prey upon a variety of hosts across all the kingdoms of the tree of life. | 1 | 6 | Parasite |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryne Dee Sandberg (born September 18, 1959), nicknamed \"Ryno\", is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager."
}
] | CrvNjxehhR0LIaMbLMSm | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "The Cubs, who initially wanted Sandberg to play center field, installed him as their third baseman, and he went on to be one of the top-rated rookies of 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs | 1990",
"text": "Sandberg was only the third second b... | Ryne Sandberg was a second baseman and went by as Ren. | 0 | 0 | Ryne Sandberg |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The use of wool (keratin), cotton and linen fibres (cellulose) for garments, paper reed (cellulose) for paper are just a few examples of how our ancestors exploited polymer-containing raw materials to obtain artefacts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modi... | CtH5ZxFmlDnmABxlzKpL | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Common examples",
"text": "Natural polymeric materials such as hemp, shellac, amber, wool, silk, and natural rubber have been used for centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Synthesis | Modification of natural polymers",
"text": "Naturally occurring polymers such as cotton, sta... | Cotton, starch, rubber, hemp, and silk nylon are unnatural prominent examples of polymer materials exploited by all generations. | 0 | 0 | Polymer |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (... | CtJLGwD983dDR9sXCo3O | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The materials were volcanic rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that pu... | The orginal use of the Appian Way was to carry war materials. | 1 | 2 | Appian Way |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author."
}
] | CuIyl4BiBjVrJ1D6DmCG | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; pinyin: Xī Yóu Jì) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "W.J.F. Jenner points out that although Wu had knowledge of Chinese bureaucracy and p... | The writer of the novel is uncertain but mostly likely Wu. | 3 | 5 | Journey to the West |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory of Anatolia and Eastern Thrace",
"text": "The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty thousand years ago, and is known to have been in the Neolithic era by about 6000 BC.Göbekli Tepe is the site of the oldest know... | CuZaInPHlCcrvfVtQX7p | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Turkey is home to two of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the world's oldest religious site Göbekli Tepe, and numerous other World Heritage Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Today, EU membership is con... | The Göbekli Tepe is considered one of the most ancient temples, not only in Turkey but in the world. | 2 | 3 | Turkey |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield (published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers)."
}
] | CuxV0QIP3XKxYxSI1cKJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\"TCM.com reports some of cinematographer Arthur Miller's recollections about The Rains Came, including his \"obsession\" with the rain."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The Rains Came was remade in 1955 as The Rains of Ra... | The Rains Came was originally spoken word. | 0 | 0 | The Rains Came |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) classifies the Palace of Westminster, along with neighbouring Westminster Abbey and St Margaret's, as a World Heritage Site."
}
] | CxRMPd6yPeUvY6olvDCj | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster has been a Grade I listed building since 1970 and part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESC... | The Place of Westminster is not a site of the UNESCO World Heritage. | 0 | 3 | Palace of Westminster |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot, in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who."
}
] | Cxcc3pdQGI6IqyiBqzpt | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 2000, Doctor Who was ranked third in a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes of the 20th century, produced by the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr.... | The British television series Doctor Who had a film that was a failure. | 0 | 0 | Doctor Who |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Profile and legacy",
"text": "In 1,446 games, he had a batting average of .279 with 26 home runs and 530 RBI in 4,480 at-bats."
}
] | Cy6pWYKu5eNok0wloC5U | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Bresnahan remained active in professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career (1895–1902)",
"text": "He had six hits in 16 at bats (a .375 batting average) and had a 4–0 win–loss record for the 1897 Senators... | Roger Bresnahan hit baseballs approximately a minimum of 1,250 times with a bat in a professional, non-training, capacity. | 0 | 0 | Roger Bresnahan |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When future Hall of Famer Willie Mays joined the Giants in 1951, Irvin was asked to mentor him."
}
] | CyneR2qvjzPkzB6DBtXc | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1974, Kuhn was present in Cincinnati when Hank Aaron tied Babe Ruth's record of 714 career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When future Hall of Famer Willie Mays joined the Giants in 1951, Irvin was asked to mentor him."
},
... | Monte Irvin was a baseball player that passed away in Houston and mentor to Hank Aaron. | 0 | 0 | Monte Irvin |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On November 7, 2017, Halladay died when the ICON A5 Founders Edition amphibious aircraft he was piloting crashed into the Gulf of Mexico."
}
] | CytiXgAH5rKRyabFfRq7 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "Reflecting on that series at his retirement, Halladay said \"I think the one thing I took away from that is you can have the best team on paper, you can have the guys who want it the most."
},
{
"section_header": "Care... | Roy Halladay passed away in a motorcycle accident. | 1 | 4 | Roy Halladay |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
}
] | Cz1Jm9Mz8CL4NBCa0699 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma",
"text": "Encouragement of obedience to parents, \"generosity toward priests and ascetics, and frugality in spending\" (Rock Edict 3)."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "T... | Asoka was a Hindu priest in the Himalaya Mountains and brewed the first tea. | 3 | 4 | Asoka |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Acting career",
"text": "Johnson also appeared in several commercials for Nike in 1998."
}
] | CzFI1JYmiLeRDIRT77YF | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1988–2009) | Seattle Mariners (1989–1998) | 1996−1998",
"text": "the 1998 season began, Johnson was upset the Mariners would not offer him a contract extension, given his contract was expiring after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career (1... | Randy Johnson had a marketing contract with a large sports company. | 2 | 4 | Randy Johnson |
Technology | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "Groupon aired a controversial Super Bowl XLV advertisement in which actor Timothy Hutton begins by making a plea for the people of Tibet before delivering the punch line: \" But they still whip up an amazing fish curry."
}
] | CzUmVLsne0puztTHnH0D | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The environmental organization Greenpeace praised Groupon's Super Bowl ads."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Super Bowl commercials",
"text": "The company waited seven years before it would try another Super Bowl ad."
},
... | Groupon has always had a strong philanthropic presence and has had multiple Super Bowl ads including a controversial ad that was consider insensitive about fish tacos. | 1 | 3 | Groupon |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
}
] | CzXfwKHPmepISaseg5VU | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Though set several decades after \"Things Fall Apart\", \"No Longer at Ease\" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel."
},
{
... | The 1960 novel No Longer At Ease ends with a poem. | 0 | 0 | No Longer At Ease |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was diagnosed with liver cancer in August 2012."
}
] | D0UPi0azXcAfSxviFZ3q | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Miller died in November 2012; he was posthumously listed on the Expansion Era ballot for the 2014 class, but received ... | Miller died from complications due to an automobile accident. | 1 | 5 | Marvin Miller |
Sports | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Originally he tried to enlist as a fighter pilot but failed hearing tests."
}
] | D0sftI1GLEMHZkV2ukmB | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career was interrupted by four years of military service in World War II, during which time he served as Chief Petty Officer aboard USS Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "They represent every... | Bob Feller wanted to serve on a ship during World War II. | 1 | 4 | Bob Feller |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by Caspar Neher."
}
] | D1R7jo1lLMH390JC3R2z | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Russia",
"text": "It was the only one of Brecht's works to be performed in Russia during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Premieres | Germany",
"text": "The Threepenny Opera was first performed at the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm in 1928 on a set designed by ... | The Threepenny Opera premiered during the 1920s. | 0 | 0 | The Threepenny Opera |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Hoffman was 46. Detectives searching the apartment found heroin and prescription medications at the scene, and revealed that he was discovered with a syringe in his arm."
}
] | D1ouexhz1Ur4a3rdssac | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years (2010–14)",
"text": "The role was later passed on to Steve Coogan."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "\"This is for my buddy, Phil Hoffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffman was also an accomplished theater... | Hoffman passed due to complications from a stroke. | 0 | 0 | Philip Seymour Hoffman |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He studied music at the University of California, Los Angeles, but dropped out one semester shy of a B.A.Newman's parents were nonobservant Jews."
}
] | D2yqdfyBy1J7lUcYE3lh | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Recording artist",
"text": "His 1968 debut album, Randy Newman, was a critical success but never entered the Billboard Top 200."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He accepted the invitation but was subsequently disinvited by the girl's fath... | Newman never finished college. | 3 | 3 | Randy Newman |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Giants, Boston Braves and the Brooklyn Robins between 1915 and 1930."
}
] | D3GzvYsGGpceMSlLjkxQ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Before the 1915 season, the Philadelphia Phillies purchased Bancroft from Portland for $5,000 ($126,365 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball ... | Dave Bancroft was an American professional baseball shortstop and manager for the Philadelphia Phillies after the Phillies purchased Bancroft for $5, 000 between 1915 and 1930. | 0 | 0 | Dave Bancroft |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon also form clathrate hydrates, where the noble gas is trapped in ice."
}
] | D3cwoLeW95r1pAM9dnP3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The six naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For the first six... | Noble gases are exactly the members of group 18 with the six naturally occurring noble gases as helium (He), neon (Ne), argon ( Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive Uranium (Ur) that form trapped frozen gases. | 0 | 0 | Noble gas |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his 18-year baseball career primarily with the Boston Red Sox, but he also played for the New York Yankees, with whom he won the 1996 World Series over the Atlanta Braves, and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, with whom he reached 3,000 hits."
}
] | D4if16qTUhvEPHYZvf3K | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In 1996, Boggs helped the Yankees win their first World Series title in 18 years, which became his only world title."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his 18-year baseball career primarily with the Boston R... | Boggs led the Braves to a World Series title in 1996. | 0 | 5 | Wade Boggs |
Popular Culture | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "It's pure anxiety, and I love it.\" Phoenix has long been a social activist, lending his support to a number of charities and humanitarian organizations, such as Amnesty International, The Art of Elysium, HEART, and the Peace Alliance (which campaigns for a United St... | D4oyM2QD08KYjgZi0mEl | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2006–2010: Producing and self-imposed break",
"text": "Throughout the filming period, Phoenix remained in character for public appearances, giving many the impression that he was genuinely pursuing a new career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ... | Phoenix has been involved in many charitable organizations. | 1 | 2 | Joaquin Phoenix |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL)."
}
] | D57vKXDrI5eSiyZg29Iq | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "Los Angeles fans have historically favored the Lakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries... | American basketball team The Los Angeles Lakers started in Pittsburgh. | 0 | 0 | Los Angeles Lakers |
Technology | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies alongside Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook."
}
] | D57zzWPkMSUCVqXFQOpm | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies alongside Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Microsoft Corporation () is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Wash... | It is considered one of the Big Five technology companies. | 1 | 4 | Microsoft |
Geography | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal fostered a population surge in western New York and opened regions farther west to settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal's peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place."
}
] | D5J4NN28hEuqdnwZhoVy | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal's peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "There were some 42 commercial shipments on the canal in 2008, compared to 15 such shipments in 2007 and more than 33,000 shipments... | It's peak year was 1858. | 3 | 4 | Erie Canal |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th cen... | D5pXDhIVMmhvAEFSw7cY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mr. and Mrs. Shimerda Ántonia's immigrant parents from Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He accepted her daughter Martha, born when Ántonia's first love deceived and deserted her, leaving her with child and socially disgraced."
}... | My Antonia is a book about the social injustices of a little girl whose parents die in an accident and raised by her grandfather. | 2 | 4 | My Antonia |
Subsets and Splits
Texts Containing Winter
Filters dataset entries containing the word "winter" which provides basic keyword search capability but offers limited analytical value beyond simple text matching.