category stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes int64 0 12 | gold_evidence list | id stringlengths 20 20 | label stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence list | text stringlengths 16 429 | total_likes int64 0 7 | total_votes int64 0 13 | wikipedia_page stringlengths 3 49 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
}
] | PTkDdvP0RhcJbYN75uML | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "Zaehner states it was used in Hindu texts for the first time in the Bhagavad Gita, and that the... | NIrvana and moksa are frequently used interchangeably in the Jain texts. | 3 | 3 | Nirvana |
Literature | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "In 1918, Hurston began her studies at Howard University, a historically black college in Washington, DC."
}
] | PTkunKE7Qa9jgTtDqZKp | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Barnard College dedicated its 2003 Virginia C. Gildersleeve Conference to Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her novels went relatively unrecognized by the literary world for decades."
},
{
"sectio... | Hurston went to Hampton University, a HBCU in Virginia. | 1 | 3 | Zora Neale Hurston |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in Sou... | PTpkJZCCi2Ny5PCgNEs3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century F... | How Green How Green Was My Valley is set in Ireland. | 0 | 0 | How Green Was My Valley |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "De Gaulle was born in the industrial region of Lille in the Nord department, the third of five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912."
}
] | PTubWkCexZbFduhTdkoJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: government minister",
"text": "At around 23:00 Reynaud and de Gaulle left Paris for Tours; the rest of the government left Paris on 11 June."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | R... | Charles de Gaulle was a native of Paris, France. | 0 | 0 | Charles de Gaulle |
Popular Culture | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
}
] | PUW8bTyjp08PoXpRICNV | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
},
{
"section_h... | Megan Fox made her acting debut at 15 years old. | 5 | 6 | Megan Fox |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "1906: An Italian operatic version written by Frederic d'Erlanger was first performed in Naples, but the run was cut short by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius."
}
] | PUaH6T4HoafVx1CsOIYW | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "The Hardy Players (re-formed in 2005) was an amateur group from Dorchester which re-enacted Hardy's novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "2007 : Tess, The New Musical (a rock opera) with lyrics, music and libretto ... | It was adapted to a musical form. | 0 | 0 | Tess of the d'Urbervilles |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of t... | PUcAWBycwBJD0TSx4WbY | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of the same name as the play... | The Lower Depths is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays that was never made into films. | 0 | 0 | The Lower Depths |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Originating as a skiffle group, the Beatles quickly embraced 1950s rock and roll and helped pioneer the Merseybeat genre, and their repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of pop music."
}
] | PUucULs8RBQzXFRVv3Bm | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "but it wasn't our film – we were sort of guest stars."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I d... | The sort of music that The Beatles' played at first was referred to as "Skiffle". | 3 | 3 | The Beatles |
Music | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Spears has cited Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston as being major influences in her career, her \"three favorite artists\" as a child, whom she would \"sing along to [...] day and night in [her] living room\";"
}
] | PUzK4B083Knc9xIPf7jx | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Spears has cited Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston as being major influences in her career, her \"three favorite artists\" as a child, whom she would \"sing along to [...] day and night in [her] living room\";"
},
{
"section_header": "A... | Spears has cited Celine Dion as being one of her major influences in her career. | 0 | 2 | Britney Spears |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature, and cinema."
}
] | PVDnT11UVDRRyaZrY5ll | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian ar... | The fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, made a monument to his favorite wife and their relationship has spawned lots of art and movies. | 2 | 7 | Shah Jahan |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "South Africa has also developed into a major wine producer, with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys around Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl and Barrydale."
}
] | PVJzfJF0USji0zKviOX2 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This area also produces much of the wine in South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "South Africa has also developed into a major wine producer, with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys around Stellenbosch, Fr... | South Africa produces a lot of wine. | 0 | 0 | South Africa |
Science | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was six."
}
] | PVe9IztIWSd69GAJKAjo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father tried to keep in contact, but her mother discouraged it, and all contact was subsequently lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was six."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda... | Her mother and father divorced when Dian Fossey was old. | 1 | 6 | Dian Fossey |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605, as the prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state."
}
] | PWjRcNJsSq6rERYaKJoQ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Executions",
"text": "Henry Garnet's execution took place on 3 May 1606."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Initial planning",
"text": "The first meeting between the five conspirators took place on 20 May 1604, probably at the Duck and Drake Inn, just off the Strand,... | The Gunpowder Plot took place on the 6th of September. | 0 | 4 | Gunpowder Plot |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer."
}
] | PWnhwCr9jOxlcTFhzEW4 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neuschwanstein Castle (German: Schloss Neuschwanstein, pronounced [ˈʃlɔs nɔʏˈʃvaːnʃtaɪn], Southern Bavarian: Schloss Neischwanstoa) is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germa... | Neuschwanstein Castle is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace visited as many as 6,000 per day in the summer on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany | 0 | 0 | Neuschwanstein Castle |
Technology | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries."
}
] | PXBeBmEoXZsdFcPRQljo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": ", Groupon is a blend of \"group\" and \"coupon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Initial public offering",
"text": "The IPO was handled by Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs Group and Credit Suisse Group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisiti... | Groupon is not a coupon website for groups. | 0 | 1 | Groupon |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
}
] | PXLduxBXPSP6fKKpzHMz | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "In 1982, the story was adapted for the CBC radio program Nightfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
},
{
"section_h... | "Young Goodman Brown" is a short story published in 1835, and was later adapted for the CBC radio program Nightfall. | 0 | 0 | Young Goodman Brown |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian."
}
] | PXX6lSWjBlqlUvumv0QS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Black Country Communion's second album is called \"The Battle for Hadrian's Wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"text": "Hadrian's family name was Aelius, and the most likely reading of the inscription is Valli Aelii (genitive)... | Hadrian's Wall was also called Vallum Hydrant. | 0 | 0 | Hadrian's Wall |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "In 1959, Paige's mother told a reporter that he was 55 rather than 53, saying she knew this because she wrote it down in her Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "Paige wrote in his autobiography, \"Seems like Mom's Bible would kno... | PXYCi3BAsRnXJDjMVshO | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "you didn't know your age , how old would you think you were?\" With the St. Louis Browns beating the Indians 4–1 in the bottom of the fourth inning, Boudreau pulled his starting pitcher, Bob Lemon, and sent Paige in."
},
{
"section_he... | Satchel Paige didn't learn his true age until he was in his 50s. | 1 | 3 | Satchel Paige |
Music | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
}
] | PYGlAiL8Q0nAUmrUKaSl | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead sin... | Freddie Mercury's theatrical stage performance and voice has lead him to be known as one of the greatest vocal singers of all time. | 2 | 4 | Freddie Mercury |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
... | PYQD9iabv3aECOqrPdSo | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Because his previous novel, The Sun Also Rises, had been written as a roman à clef, readers assumed A Farewell to Arms to be autobiographical."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Some pieces of ... | The novel was written by Faulkner. | 0 | 0 | A Farewell to Arms |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
}
] | PYbrfePBDGvOAts3e4ny | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "After five days of its release, Age of Extinction surpassed its North American run with $134.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the... | Age of Extinction placed 8th in grossing movies of its release year in North America. | 0 | 0 | Transformers: Age of Extinction |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Margaret Hutton (née Little; 1896–1977), was a Scottish secretary from Glasgow, and father, Nathaniel Smith (1902–1991), was a public health pathologist from Newcastle upon Tyne who worked at the University of Oxford."
}
] | PYkHXJwUjbDgvTwPlLum | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During her childhood, Smith's parents told her the romantic story of how they had met on the train from Glasgow to London via Newcastle."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Margaret Hutton (née Little; 1896–1977), was a Scottish s... | Maggie Smith's mother was from Scotland. | 3 | 8 | Maggie Smith |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom."
}
] | PZ3jYK23BtUabuWa5I2d | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue; young Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "His father, the elder Benjamin, was a prominent and devout member; it was probably from... | Benjamin Disraeli was an Israeli politician whose father was a critic and historian. | 0 | 0 | Benjamin Disraeli |
Sports | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb's father was a state senator."
}
] | PZEGKbspZBbx1VLNaSi5 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, \"I did it for my father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb's father was a state senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "Cob... | Ty Cobb's father was a goverment employee. | 1 | 9 | Ty Cobb |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Returning to Bedford, Flick hunted, raised horses, built buildings, and became involved in selling real estate."
}
] | PZSE4bew52O9lLu7SPRY | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Flick died of congestive heart failure in 1971, at the age of 94, in his hometown of Bedford."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Flick did return to Cleveland for the 1904 season."
},
{
"section_heade... | After his baseball career, Elmer Flick returned to his hometown and sold properties. | 2 | 7 | Elmer Flick |
Science | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today."
}
] | PZptPNrOqHAtC07dHcPR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was appointed Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, founded in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major cent... | Maria Skłodowska-Curie has never founded an institution. | 3 | 6 | Maria Skłodowska-Curie |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei."
}
] | PZz0yCb3S8Y6rfGBI5TU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology ... | Apple is the world's 2nd largest mobile phone manufacturer. | 0 | 0 | Apple Inc. |
Geography | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The four presidential faces were carved into the granite with the intention of symbolizing \"an accomplishment born, planned, and created in the minds and by the hands of Americans for Americans\"."
}
] | PbONbyedrHBJIEUJGrhx | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The four presidential faces were carved into the granite with the intention of symbolizing \"an accomplishment born, pla... | The granite faces are of presidents. | 0 | 1 | Mount Rushmore National Memorial |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play's subject matter, very controversial for the 1920s, led to it being censored or banned in many cities outside New York."
}
] | PbQd5EaU3yuW5z06Sz7Z | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play's subject matter, very controversial for the 1920s, led to it being censored or banned in many cities outsid... | Strange Interlude was an American play that was confined to New York because of its contentious theme. | 0 | 0 | Strange Interlude |
Sports | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record... | PbSD8hql78Aa2B2COsF8 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California, he hitchhiked to Vulcan, Alberta, to toil as a kid pitcher with the semi-pro Vulcan Elks of the Foothills-Wheatbelt League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was a... | Gillick was a pitcher. | 1 | 5 | Pat Gillick |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians."
}
] | PbyhXTU34JugnapfskFM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He responded to the treason charge, \"I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.\" Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at t... | Wallace was charged with treason in 1305. | 1 | 2 | William Wallace |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
}
] | PbzYd94s8If3Ll48JDvU | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrot... | Sissy Spacek was born in Atlanta, Georgia and continues to live there when not working. | 1 | 6 | Sissy Spacek |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hugh Duffy (November 26, 1866 – October 19, 1954) was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] | Pc5p6Z35KSh3PIdN4POS | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Duffy was born in Cranston, Rhode Island to Irish immigrant Michael Duffy and wife Margaret Duffy."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy was a player-manager for the Phillies from 1904 to 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-pl... | Duffy passed away in 1955. | 0 | 0 | Hugh Duffy |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick made several changes to the plot, including the addition of the final duel."
}
] | PcWHlDKsajhFg4s3EitC | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Lyndon is a 1975 period drama film written, directed, and produced by Stanley Kubrick, based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick felt that using a first-p... | Stanley Kubrick did not use the novel's ending in his film Barry Lyndon. | 1 | 5 | Barry Lyndon |
Geography | 7 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009.Constructio... | PccEtUxRAyyaPxqjGVoG | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "The architect who designed it, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase its height."
},
{
"section_... | The height of the building is 800 meters. | 4 | 7 | Burj Khalifa |
Geography | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season."
}
] | PcrQPsR4BBMnBo7La6e4 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "beginning play in 2021. Other professional sports teams include the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)'s Seattle Storm, who won the WNBA championship on three occasions in 2004 and 2010, and 2018; and the Seattle Reign of the National Women's S... | Seattle has a wide variety of professional sports team including the Supersonics. | 1 | 4 | Seattle |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though the Ripkens called Aberdeen, Maryland their home, they were often on the move because of Cal Sr.'s coaching duties with the Baltimore Orioles organization."
}
] | PcrTkDjX9Xsnv0Cdfcpn | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "Ripken's 1999 season ended early due to injury when he was only nine hits away from joining the 3,000 hit club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was able to receive instruction from players on his father's teams, nota... | Ripken's family relocated often due to his father's military career. | 4 | 5 | Cal Ripken Jr. |
Music | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp."
}
] | PdNt6mVMmligNq5W4Cjd | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Both of her parents have Italian ancestry, and she also has more... | Lady Gaga's parents were supportive of a career in computer science | 5 | 7 | Lady Gaga |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry."
}
] | PdzD8jzons5yMSSQSKVb | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnet... | Michael Faraday contributions to the field physics gave way to new discovery including one by Albert Einstein. | 0 | 0 | Michael Faraday |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss."
}
] | PeIC9qQeOBylrbgXoTlQ | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Its lyrics refer to someone having an albatross around their neck."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"tex... | There have been modern editions. | 1 | 4 | The Rime of the Ancient Mariner |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia... | PenANicRjNDNgcmzoPrG | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "RMS Carpathia took three days to reach New York after leaving the scene of the disaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arr... | Carpathia helped about 705 people from the Titanic taking several days to reach America. | 0 | 0 | Titanic |
History | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The Chinese Jiaqing Emperor issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers found it handsomely profitable and shared their wealth with local officials. ."
}
] | Peq5sUELoe81DygCoC0R | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The First Opium War began in 1839 and was fought over trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "20,000 chests (1,300 metric tons) of opium were handed over to Lin and destroyed at Humen... | The opium wars got their name from disputes happening over banning opium trade in China from the US. | 1 | 2 | Opium Wars |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "As Johann Jakob prospered, the family moved over the years to ever better accommodation in Hamburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Johann Jakob gave his son his first musical training; Johannes als... | PevFCrYjR7FYyDRPN4xe | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Brahms's father, Johann Jakob Brahms (1806–72), was from the town of Heide in Holstein."
},
... | Brahms's father, Johann Jakob Brahms, spent much of his time teaching music in Vienna to feed his family. | 0 | 0 | Johannes Brahms |
Science | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of three, Arrhenius taught himself to read without the encouragement of his parents, and by watching his father's addition of numbers in his account books, became an arithmetical prodigy."
}
] | PfXBIaJARF25szuMpyIr | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "He was married twice, first to his former pupil Sofia Rudbeck (1894 to 1896), with whom he had one son Olof Arrhenius, and then to Maria Johansson (1905 to 1927), with whom he had two daughters and a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"te... | Svante Arrhenius learned how to write on his own at only two years old. | 2 | 6 | Svante Arrhenius |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He went on a mission to Bithynia to secure the assistance of King Nicomedes's fleet, but he spent so long at Nicomedes' court that rumours arose of an affair with the king, which Caesar vehemently denied for the rest of his life."
}
] | PfiR3mBXtWgUcaIHv58B | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "Caesar himself denied the accusations repeatedly throughout his lifetime, and according to Cassius Dio, even under oath on one occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He went on a mission ... | Caesar denied homosexual tendencies throughout his life, especially in reference to Nicomedes. | 5 | 8 | Julius Caesar |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
}
] | PgFieEmRy5SVQ7DrrnO0 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter five",
"text": "He describes rats that \"really were as big as cats, or nearly\" (in Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the protagonist Winston Smith has a phobia of rats that Orwell himself shared to a lesser degree)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sum... | This novel is a first-hand recording] of the author's involvement in war. | 0 | 0 | Homage to Catalonia |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea."
}
] | PgUvOvrpXFWYfj7fSwzf | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through a number of successful wars, he expande... | Peter the Great enlarged the Tsardome into a bigger empire by winning wars. | 0 | 0 | Peter the Great |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love notes between him and Lydia (who uses the name \"Delia\"), but Lucy is swindling him: \"Delia\" is actually Mrs. Malaprop."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Thomas, Sir Anthony's servant Lydia Languish, a wealth... | PgiJPpwDoVhN0kMSUOFK | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They will meet at the same time as Acres is scheduled to fight \"Beverley\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love... | In the play The Rivals, Delia and Lydia's chaperone are the same person. | 0 | 0 | The Rivals |
Music | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] | Pgyxjo8YLCOAV1NBfWcD | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Dramatic portrayals",
"text": "In the Soviet 1982 miniseries Niccolo Paganini, the musician was portrayed by the Armenian actor Vladimir Msryan."
},
{
"section_header": "Fiorini daguerreotype",
"text": "Although no photographs of Paganini are known to exist, in 1900 Italian ... | Niccolo Paganini was a famous Italian musician that had 3 older siblings. | 0 | 1 | Niccolò Paganini |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Mon... | PhavLBXtvFxeyrDdAkFi | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Though most of Europe went into the Congress expecting a diplomatic show, much like the Congress of Vienna, they were to be sadly disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Medlicott, William Norton. Congress ... | The Congress of Berlin reshaped eastern Europe. | 0 | 0 | Congress of Berlin |
Sports | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Qui... | PhuKyCKCiyNmT4FlamXq | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was... | Walter Alston was given a nickname for his calm nature. | 0 | 5 | Walter Alston |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, Chicago was the highest grossing live action musical with $306 million, a record that was then broken by Mamma Mia!."
}
] | PiLhWeC91iIZ2QZ6ARKy | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Velma Kelly perform (\"Overture/All That Jazz\") at a Chicago theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It explores the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"tex... | During its time in the theater, Chicago (2002 film), was the largest earning movie. | 1 | 3 | Chicago (2002 film) |
History | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "Maine has the highest percentage of French Americans of any state."
}
] | PiYwc8Pz22zHUlCRu2TT | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "has experienced a very slow rate of population growth since the 1990 census; its rate of growth (0.57%) since the 2010 census ranks 45th of the 50 states."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Taxation",
"text": "Maine's general sales tax ra... | Maine has a low rate of French descant. | 0 | 1 | Maine |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hudson was a center of anti-slavery activity and debate, and Owen participated fully, offering a safe house to Underground Railroad fugitives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1805, the family moved to Hudson, Ohio, where Owen Brown ope... | PjCWy1mkmbKPPTSKWUve | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It \"was a major stop on the [Underground] Railroad, marking its place in history from 1825 to 1835."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments | Historical markers",
"text": "Kent, Ohio: marker for Underground Railroad"
},
{
"section_header": ... | John Brown's family provided a hiding place for people who was a part of the Underground Railroad in Connecticut. | 2 | 3 | John Brown (abolitionist) |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Arkansas to poor cotton farmers, Cash rose to fame in the prominent country music scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the United States Air Force."
}
] | PjEngb0dF6dfZdIGcZnA | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Military service",
"text": "After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany."
},
{
"... | Cash was in the Air Force for 4 years. | 0 | 0 | Johnny Cash |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese."
}
] | PjJufLwLw9jQVXbm2qXk | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "In this respect, classical Sparta was unique in ancient Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The ancients sometimes used a back-formation, referring to the land of Lacedaemon as Lacedaemonian country."
},
{
... | The city-state in ancient Greece, Sparta, was also known as Lacedaemon. | 0 | 0 | Sparta |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889."
}
] | PjRtRjLLPQrZhXJXuS7i | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He played for the Allegheny club from 1885 to 1889, pitching over 300 innings each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin played in an era where two-man pitching rotations were common – hence his 6,003 innings pitched and ... | Pub Galvin didn't ever imbibe primate hormones to play better. | 0 | 0 | Pud Galvin |
History | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
}
] | PkzgJBG8SUz9TUbzPZkW | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life",
"text": "Fidel Castro's religious beliefs have been a matter of some debate; he was baptized and raised as a Roman Catholic, but he identified himself as an atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"te... | The Fidel Castro's cause of demise was not released to the public. | 3 | 7 | Fidel Castro |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich... | PlLa93PRiVktMIzxHcOD | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has four siblings: three sisters and one brother."
},
{
"section_header":... | Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard has diplomas from more places of higher learning that she didn't even attend than can be counted on one's fingers. | 0 | 0 | Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In December 2011, their daughter was born via surrogate."
}
] | PlWEaYTSB78Xke2krgxC | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "De Niro has twin sons, Julian and Aaron, conceived by in vitro fertilization and delivered by a surrogate mother in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2016: Further film roles",
"text": "That year, De Niro was cast in Edge of Darkness, but ... | Robert De Niro has three children by two different surrogate mothers. | 1 | 1 | Robert De Niro |
Popular Culture | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara."
}
] | PljhvQCq6OV47ZOkosI8 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in early 18th century Great Britain, the film's plot examines the relationship between two cousins, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (Rachel Weisz) and Abigail Masham (Emma Stone), who are vying to be Court favourite of Queen Anne (Olivia Colman)."
},
{
"sect... | The Favourite is a black comedy movie set in an early 18th century UK country. | 2 | 5 | The Favourite |
Popular Culture | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer."
}
] | Pm0xpT6xrWW0R1S6GXbP | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film four stars and stated that \"Clint Eastwood's Million Dollar Baby is a masterpiece, pure and simple,\" listing it as the best film of 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ... | The 2004 film Million Dollar Baby stars Hilary Swank as a stripper turned amateur boxer. | 3 | 7 | Million Dollar Baby |
NOCAT | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Happily for Ieyasu, the oldest and most respected of the regents, Toshiie Maeda, died after just one year."
}
] | Pm826cSpdsCUO7NxYqCE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598) | Council of Five Elders",
"text": "In 1598, with his health clearly failing, Hideyoshi called a meeting that would determine the Council of Five Elders, who would be responsible for ruling on behalf of his son after his death."
},
{
"section_hea... | Tokugaqa Ieyasu was the eldest of the regents during Hideyori's reign after the death of Hideyoshi in 1598. | 1 | 2 | Tokugawa Ieyasu |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Structure | Chronology",
"text": "Pip's story is told in three stages: his childhood and early youth in Kent, where he dreams of rising above his humble station; his time in London after receiving \"great expectations\"; and then finally his disillusionment on discovering the source of ... | PmpDEwbbPaDRX112nGaM | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Structure | Orlick as Pip's double",
"text": "Orlick has a score to settle before going on to the ultimate act, murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "This required short chapters, centred on a single subject, and an almost mathematical structure."
},
{
... | This story has a classic 3 act structure. | 2 | 8 | Great Expectations |
Sports | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "In 1989, his first full season, Biggio became the Astros' starting catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As... | Pn5vlRcuuWgSrOm9A7ga | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "In the penultimate game of his career, Bi... | Early in his career, Biggio switched from baseman to catcher. | 2 | 9 | Craig Biggio |
Sports | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He never smoked, drank, or went to the movies, but frequently gambled on horse races during his career."
}
] | PoHtMoQRXGlC3FT4HXZE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hornsby married three times, in 1918, 1924, and 1957, and had two children."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Following his return to the United States, Hornsby spent 1945 out of baseball for the first time in over three decades."
... | Baseball player Rogers Hornsby was married three times and suffered from alcoholism. | 2 | 4 | Rogers Hornsby |
History | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry."
}
] | PoXrfZSiw4nTQD0OZg3m | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | Rivalry with Jay Gould and James Fisk",
"text": "Gould never got the better of Vanderbilt in any other important business matter, but he often embarrassed Vanderbilt, who uncharacteristically lashed out at Gould in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat ent... | Contrary to popular belief, Cornielius Vanderbilt never held a job in the transportation business, he only bought stock in it. | 1 | 4 | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, one Tony Award, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and five Golden Globe Awards."
}
] | PpIMhYx26NA0wdsjx4AR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Lange was born in Cloquet, Minnesota, on April 20, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards... | Jessica Lange is the 12th actress to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting and was born in Cloquet, Minnesota. | 0 | 0 | Jessica Lange |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Tokyo is near the boundary of three plates, making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and slippage which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland ... | PppnBsxOmbUuo2KhokIS | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Particularly active are offshore regions and to a lesser extent Chiba and Ibaraki."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Tokyo is near the boundary of... | Tokyo is a very active seismic region. | 0 | 0 | Tokyo |
Popular Culture | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film, he expressed determination to \"salvage\" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and dedicated it to Ledger."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s... | PpqH3bMUb1CUeZWQwOHT | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Speaking of editing The Dark Knight, on which Ledger had completed his work... | Heath Ledger was able to finish his last movie before he passed away. | 3 | 4 | Heath Ledger |
Sports | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943."
}
] | PqXtmHIsXIECu8VnWtFg | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "In 1944, he served as manager of the Scranton Miners in the Eastern League, and in 1945 he became manager of the Martinsville A's in the Carolina League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor lea... | Manush served as a minor league player manager from 1938. | 0 | 5 | Heinie Manush |
Science | 8 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985."
}
] | PqfP87RUhyj6WLVxOVN8 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts, probably by a poacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985."
},
{
"section_head... | Dian Fossey was murdered. | 1 | 8 | Dian Fossey |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Na (from Latin \"natrium\") and atomic number 11."
}
] | PrsqVideMLIePJhGclZR | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Na (from Latin \"natrium\") and atomic number 11."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published in 1... | Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 10. | 0 | 0 | Sodium |
Literature | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells of a young girl named Alice, who falls through a rabbit hole into a subterranean fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures."
}
] | PrwpzPV362BtJPvsf4jC | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "During the trip Dodgson told the girls a story that featured a bored little girl ... | Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a novel about a little girl who has a white rabbit and fights a queen. | 2 | 5 | Alice's Adventures in Wonderland |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook."
}
] | Pshcespwi70ACFiTkF3T | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linin... | The Silver Linings Playbook is a film that was based on a book called The Playbook of the Mind and stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence with Robert DeNiro, Jackie Weaver, Chris Tucker and Julia Stiles. | 0 | 0 | Silver Linings Playbook |
NOCAT | 1 | [
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "In 688 his remains were moved inside the basilica itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "Amen. Leo died on 10 November 461 and, as he wished to be buried as close as possible to the tomb of St Peter, his body was placed in a ... | PsiIAzJ0OWmMuJoePEA6 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "While the Vandals plundered the city, the gesture nevertheless prevented Rome from being burned and assured that the Basilicas of St Peter, St Paul and St John, in which part of the terrified population sought refuge, were spared."
},
{
"section_header"... | Pope Leo I wanted to be laid to rest where St. Peter was laid to rest and eventually he was moved into the same building as him. | 1 | 2 | Pope Leo I |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Specific date predictions and claims",
"text": "Views about the nature of the Second Coming vary among Christian denominations and among individual Christians."
}
] | PsiRPhvgUsSkej9yxiI4 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"text": "According to LDS Church teachings, the restored gospel will be taught in all parts of the world prior to the Second Coming."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | Catho... | The Second Coming of Jesus Christ is said to have not come yet according to all christian religions. | 2 | 7 | The Second Coming |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother is musician Michael Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "Penn has appeared in more than 50 films and won many awards during his career as an actor and director."
}
] | PsqD85zKUVkVbKaM2aLE | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the biopic Milk (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "He has won two Academy Awards for Best Actor for Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008), and was ... | Penn's older brother, Michael, won two Academy awards while Sean won three Academy awards between 1995 and 2008. | 0 | 0 | Sean Penn |
Music | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885",
"text": "A son named Vasily was nicknamed \"Rachmanin\", meaning \"lazy\" in Old Russian."
}
] | PssqZ5AtcsL46GuUUQp1 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Biography | Move to Dresden and first US tour, 1906–1917",
"text": "While writing it, Rachmaninoff and the family returned to Russia, but the composer detoured to Paris to take part in Sergei Diaghilev's season of Russian concerts in May 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
... | Sergei Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who family name was given to his ancestor for being hard working. | 0 | 0 | Sergey Rachmaninoff |
Popular Culture | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in a field – an open stretch of level ground – it applies to any type of terrain on which a battle is fought."
}
] | PtuaULl4zfVWO0FRR28J | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a present or historic battle involving ground warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in a field – an open stretch o... | A battleground only refers to a Battle on level ground. | 2 | 2 | Battleground |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Salamis started a decisive swing in the balance of power toward the Greeks, which would culminate in an eventual Greek victory, severely reducing Persian power in the Aegean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victor... | Pu5Hpn02T5jB6DgxWbDs | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "In a more extreme form of this argument, some historians argue that if the Greeks had lost at Salamis, the ensuing conquest of Greece by the Persians would have effectively stifled the growth of Western Civilization as we know it."
},
{
"section_header": ... | The Battle of Salamis was lost by the Greeks. | 0 | 0 | Battle of Salamis |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro tracked down the author's original manuscripts and notes and has reconstructed a version he says is more authentic."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "University of Tennessee professor Michael Lofaro claimed the version published in... | Pv4tL3M7LyT5r6U7GyEo | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro's version of the novel, A Death in the Family: A Restoration of the Author's Text, was published in 2007 as part of a 10-volume set, The Collected Works of James Agee (University of Tennessee Press)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A... | A Death in the Family has been published with more than one variation. | 0 | 0 | A Death in the Family |
History | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile \"Charley\" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian d... | PvPdxkMjJYCZM6vVGLfF | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
... | Pierre Trudeau had English roots. | 0 | 3 | Pierre Trudeau |
Popular Culture | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
}
] | PvfTXj0qLieDtwM2hxK3 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 1990, film critic Roger Ebert named Ingrid Bergman as his favorite actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American fil... | Ingrid Bergman was a Austrian actress. | 0 | 0 | Ingrid Bergman |
Music | 5 | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – \"perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' conc... | PwGBskHSUPz0SHN6oXZW | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – \"perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' conc... | The Beetle's second US tour opened with a record breaking crowd of over 55,000 people in New York's Shea stadium on Septemeber 12, 1965. | 1 | 5 | The Beatles |
Literature | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "It asks Malvolio to wear yellow stockings cross-gartered—a colour and fashion that Olivia actually hates—to be rude to the rest of the servants, and to smile constantly in the presence of Olivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Sir Toby and S... | PwHJP0BvurERBOAmgQG1 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "Illyria, the e... | Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare about pretense, wardrobe and the late night before Christmas. | 0 | 0 | Twelfth Night |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Today it operates primarily with charitable aims in Central Europe."
}
] | PwLkLyRAGfP4mTVllPmP | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Starting from there, the Order created the independent Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, adding continuously the conquered Prussians' territory, and subsequently conquered Livonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfigurat... | The Teutonic Knights continues on as an organization to this day. | 0 | 0 | Teutonic Knights |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Chamberlain died of bowel cancer on 9 November 1940 at the age of 71."
}
] | PwSKDApTp8cR0XtvpEEM | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "The Bill passed into law. Though Chamberlain struck a conciliatory note during the 1926 General Strike, in general he had poor relations with the Labour opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and political... | Neville Chamberlain passed away after catching pneumonia during an outdoor speech. | 0 | 0 | Neville Chamberlain |
Technology | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Website | Technical aspects",
"text": "The website's primary color is blue as Zuckerberg is red–green colorblind, a realization that occurred after a test undertaken around 2007."
}
] | PwlYr8RQ3gA273FQgDnL | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Company governance",
"text": "Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes states that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies."
},
{
"section_header"... | Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, cannot tell the difference between red and green. | 0 | 0 | Facebook |
Music | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to the Pulitzer, Adams has received the Erasmus Prize, five Grammy Awards, the Harvard Arts Medal, France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and six honorary doctorates."
}
] | Pwra55Rz8AwyqVKhcmrF | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Before 1977",
"text": "John Adams, in full John Coolidge Adams, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts on February 15, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Klinghoffer controversy",
"text": "BSO managing director Mark Volpe remarked of the deci... | John Adams has lacked recognition for his works. | 0 | 2 | John Adams (composer) |
Science | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard."
}
] | PxAAH1I6I0plHAxaTT26 | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance image-compression technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her research involves the use of automatic methods from both mathematics, technology and biology to ex... | Ingrid Daubechies invented the technology used to make .GIF image files. | 0 | 0 | Ingrid Daubechies |
Geography | 6 | [
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
}
] | PxDN7NUwDTvjhgfruE5u | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "T... | Due to the heavy traffic on the roundabout, it is recommended pedestrians use 1 of 2 underpasses. | 0 | 6 | Arc de Triomphe |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt was a Christian country before the 7th century, and after Islam arrived, the country was gradually Islamised into a majority-Muslim country."
}
] | PyYcDpamMhkCMpmpwZKE | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt is a predominantly Sunni Muslim country with Islam as its state religion."
},
{
"section_head... | Egypt's most widely practiced religion was Christianity and then Islam after that. | 0 | 0 | Egypt |
Geography | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "Venice, Alberta, in Canada Venice, Florida, city in Sarasota County"
}
] | PzABfqDr2jKuDeDjDfS5 | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Along with Pirandello, Goldoni is probably the most notable name in Italian theatre, in his country and abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "additional places around the world are named afte... | Venice is the name of a city in more than one country. | 0 | 0 | Venice |
History | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia."
}
] | PzhBt3EM5EZfNLH9TrDg | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Constitution of state",
"text": "We do not have a Punic name for this body."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "The street was often used as a storefront/shopfront; cisterns were installed in basements to collect water for domestic us... | Carthage lies on the western side from a large body of water. | 0 | 0 | Carthage |
NOCAT | 2 | [
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Rodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1431, in the town of Xativa near Valencia, one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon, in what is now Spain."
}
] | Q0Xi72sB2UbqXcld5iJq | SUPPORTS | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Rodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1431, in the town of Xativa ne... | Alexander the sixth was born into the Borgia family of present day Spain. | 1 | 2 | Pope Alexander VI |
Literature | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The unnamed narrator of the story opens with a lengthy commentary on the nature and practice of analytical reasoning, then describes the circumstances under which he first met Dupin during an extended visit to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary"... | Q0nhkdezVdshFRHBBQuz | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Though subtitled \"A Sequel to 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue'\", \"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt\" shares very few common elements with \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" beyond the inclusion of C. Auguste Dupin and the Paris setting."
},
{
"section_h... | The Murders in the Rue Morgue is set in London. | 1 | 4 | The Murders in the Rue Morgue |
Sports | 0 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1911, Bender tied a record by pitching three complete games in a single World Series."
}
] | Q0tdXvRTKzLB2tGRYPpe | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "He is one of only a few pitchers in the 20th century to throw 200 or more innings at the age of 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "He lost Game 4 of the series in another complete game effort, 4–3 ... | Chief Bender pitched four complete games in one World Series games in his career and threw 200 or more innings at the age of 19. | 0 | 0 | Chief Bender |
Geography | 4 | [
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites."
}
] | Q0wc5qTTvMr4vkTG4eZJ | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "In 1994, Klaus Schmidt of the German Archaeological Institute, who had previously been working at Nevalı Çori, was looking for another site to excavate."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and... | This site was identified by Klaus Tepe whom the site is named after. | 0 | 4 | Göbekli Tepe |
Literature | 3 | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His other poems writte... | Q0ytTI1voXfgjyKd0oPN | REFUTES | [
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to the West Wind\" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The poem \"Ode to the West Wind\" consists of five sections (cantos) written in terza rima."
},
{
"secti... | Ode to the West Wind is a poem written by Percy Shelley about the passing of his male child. | 1 | 6 | Ode to the West Wind |
Subsets and Splits
Texts Containing Winter
Filters dataset entries containing the word "winter" which provides basic keyword search capability but offers limited analytical value beyond simple text matching.