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Individual records ------------------ ### Batting records #### Most career runs A [run](/wiki/Run_%28cricket%29 "Run (cricket)") is the basic means of [scoring](/wiki/Scoring_%28cricket%29 "Scoring (cricket)") in cricket. A run is scored when the batsman hits the [ball](/wiki/Cricket_ball "Cricket ball") with his [bat](/wiki/Cricket_bat "Cricket bat") and with his partner runs the length of {{convert\\|22\\|yards\\|metres}} of the [pitch](/wiki/Cricket_pitch "Cricket pitch").{{cite web \\|title\=Law 18 – Scoring runs \\|url\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring\-runs \\|publisher\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\|access\-date\=29 December 2018 \\|url\-status\=live\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232041/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring\-runs\\|archive\-date\=29 December 2018}} India's [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar "Sachin Tendulkar"), with 18,246, has scored the most runs in ODIs, ahead of [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara "Kumar Sangakkara") of Sri Lanka with 14,234 and [Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting "Ricky Ponting") of Australia with 13,704\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan "Eoin Morgan") (the previous captain of the England limited\-overs team) is the leading English player on this list with 6,957 runs.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most career runs \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/83548\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 6,957 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 207 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 6,522 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 171 \| 160 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 3 \| 5,416 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Bell}} \| 161 \| 157 \| 2004–2015 \| \| 4 \| 5,092 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 197 \| 181 \| 2001–2011 \| \| 5 \| 5,022 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 181 \| 154 \| 2012–2023 \| \| 6 \| 4,677 \| [Alec Stewart](/wiki/Alec_Stewart "Alec Stewart") \| 170 \| 162 \| 1989–2003 \| \| 7 \| 4,422 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen "Kevin Pietersen") \| 134 \| 123 \| 2004–2013 \| \| 8 \| 4,335 \| [Marcus Trescothick](/wiki/Marcus_Trescothick "Marcus Trescothick") \| 123 \| 122 \| 2000–2006 \| \| 9 \| 4,290 \| [Graham Gooch](/wiki/Graham_Gooch "Graham Gooch") \| 125 \| 122 \| 1976–1995 \| \| 10 \| 4,271 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy "Jason Roy") \| 116 \| 110 \| 2015–2023 \| \| Last updated: 9 December 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most career runs \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_runs\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=17 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Fastest to multiples of 1000 runs \| Runs \| Batsman \| Innings \| Match \| Record Date \| Reference \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1000 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen "Kevin Pietersen") \| 21 \| 27 \| 31 March 2006 \|{{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283174\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 1000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| [Jonathan Trott](/wiki/Jonathan_Trott "Jonathan Trott") \| 21 \| 2 March 2011 {{double\-dagger}} \| \| [Dawid Malan](/wiki/Dawid_Malan "Dawid Malan") \| 21 \| 15 September 2023 {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 2000 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen "Kevin Pietersen") \| 45 \| 51 \| 21 April 2007 {{double\-dagger}} \| {{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283153\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 2000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| \| 3000 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root") \| 72 \| 77 \| 1 September 2016 \|{{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283178\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 3000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| [Jonny Bairstow](/wiki/Jonny_Bairstow "Jonny Bairstow") \| 79 \| 1 August 2020 \| \| 4000 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root") \| 91 \| 97 \| 29 September 2017 \| {{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283157\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 4000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| \| 5000 \| 116 \| 122 \| 20 February 2019 \| {{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283182\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 5000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| \| 6000 \| 141 \| 150 \| 29 June 2021 \| {{Cite news \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283184\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} One\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 6000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=2018\-11\-01}} \| \| Last updated: 17 September 2023 \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Highest individual score The fourth ODI of the [Sri Lanka's tour of India in 2014](/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_India_in_2014%E2%80%9315 "Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2014–15") saw [Rohit Sharma](/wiki/Rohit_Sharma "Rohit Sharma") score the highest Individual score. [Ben Stokes](/wiki/Ben_Stokes "Ben Stokes") holds the English record when he scored 182 against New Zealand in the [third ODI of the 2023 series](/wiki/New_Zealand_cricket_team_in_England_in_2023 "New Zealand cricket team in England in 2023").{{cite web \\|title\= Most runs in an Innings \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=13 September 2023}} \| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 182 \| {{sortname\\|Ben\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2023\\|September\\|13}} \| \| 2 \| 180 \| {{sortname\\|Jason\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2018\\|January\\|14}} \| \| 3 \| 171 \| {{sortname\\|Alex\\|Hales}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2016\\|August\\|30}} \| \| 4 \| 167\* \| {{sortname\\|Robin\\|Smith\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground "Edgbaston Cricket Ground"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1993\\|May\\|21}} \| \| 5 \| 162\* \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\|NED}} \| [VRA Cricket Ground](/wiki/VRA_Cricket_Ground "VRA Cricket Ground"), [Amstelveen](/wiki/Amstelveen "Amstelveen"), Netherlands \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2022\\|June\\|17}} \| \| 162 \| {{sortname\\|Jason\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\|SRI}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2016\\|June\\|29}} \| \| Last updated: 13 September 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Highest individual score \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_runs\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=13 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Highest individual score – progression of record \| Runs \| Player \| Opponent \| Venue \| Season \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 82 \| {{sortname\\|John\\|Edrich}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), Australia \| 1970\-71 \| \| 103 \| {{sortname\\|Dennis\\|Amiss}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| 1972 \| \| 116\* \| {{sortname\\|David\\|Lloyd\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| 1974 \| \| 137 \| {{sortname\\|Dennis\\|Amiss}} \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| 1975 {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 158 \| {{sortname\\|David\\|Gower}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Brisbane Cricket Ground](/wiki/The_Gabba "The Gabba"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), Australia \| 1982\-83 \| \| 167\* \| {{sortname\\|Robin\\|Smith\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground "Edgbaston Cricket Ground"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| 1993 \| \| 171 \| {{sortname\\|Alex\\|Hales}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| 2016 \| \| 180 \| {{sortname\\|Jason\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), Australia \| 2018 \| \| 182 \| {{sortname\\|Ben\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| 2023 \| \| \| Last updated: 13 September 2023 \| \| \| \| \| #### Highest career average A batsman's [batting average](/wiki/Batting_average_%28cricket%29 "Batting average (cricket)") is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been dismissed.{{cite book\\|first\=M. A.\\|last\=Pervez \\|title\=A Dictionary of Cricket \\|publisher\=Orient Blackswan\\|year\=2001\\|page\=7\\|isbn\=978\-81\-7370\-184\-9 \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=VwYsHe\-F\-IUC\&pg\=PA7}} \| Rank \| Average \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Not out \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 55\.77 \| {{sortname\\|Dawid\\|Malan}}{{dagger}} \| 30 \| 1,450 \| 4 \| 2019–2023 \| \| 2 \| 51\.25 \| {{sortname\\|Jonathan\\|Trott}} \| 65 \| 2,819 \| 10 \| 2009–2013 \| \| 3 \| 47\.61 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 23 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 4 \| 42\.97 \| {{sortname\\|Jonny\\|Bairstow}}{{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 8 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 5 \| 42\.23 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Taylor\\|dab\=cricketer, born 1990}} \| 26 \| 887 \| 5 \| 2011–2015 \| \| Qualification: 20 innings.Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Highest career average \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\_career\_batting\_average.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most half\-centuries A half\-century is a score of between 50 and 99 runs. Statistically, once a batsman's score reaches 100, it is no longer considered a half\-century but a century. [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar "Sachin Tendulkar") of India has scored the most half\-centuries in ODIs with 96\. He is followed by the Sri Lanka's [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara "Kumar Sangakkara") on 93, South Africa's [Jacques Kallis](/wiki/Jacques_Kallis "Jacques Kallis") on 86 and India's [Rahul Dravid](/wiki/Rahul_Dravid "Rahul Dravid") and Pakistan's [Inzamam\-ul\-Haq](/wiki/Inzamam-ul-Haq "Inzamam-ul-Haq") on 83\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan "Eoin Morgan") is the leading English player on this list, with 42 half\-centuries.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most half\-centuries \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283033\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Half centuries \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 42 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 39 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 3 \| 35 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Bell}} \| 157 \| 5,416 \| 2004–2015 \| \| 4 \| 28 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| 162 \| 4,677 \| 1989–2003 \| \| 5 \| 27 \| {{sortname\\|Graeme\\|Hick}} \| 118 \| 3,846 \| 1991–2001 \| \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Strauss}} \| 126 \| 4,205 \| 2003–2011 \| \| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most half\-centuries \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_fifties\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most centuries A [century](/wiki/Century_%28cricket%29 "Century (cricket)") is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings. Tendulkar has also scored the most centuries in ODIs with 49\. [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root") has the most centuries for England.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most centuries \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282935\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Centuries \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 16 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 2 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 3 \| 12 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy "Jason Roy") \| 110 \| 4,271 \| 2015–2023 \| \| {{sortname\\|Marcus\\|Trescothick}} \| 122 \| 4,335 \| 2000–2006 \| \| 5 \| 11 \| [Jonny Bairstow](/wiki/Jonny_Bairstow "Jonny Bairstow"){{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 2011–2022 \| \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 154 \| 5,022 \| 2012–2023 \| \| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most centuries \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_hundreds\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most sixes \| Rank \| Sixes \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 202 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 170 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 154 \| 5,022 \| 2012–2023 \| \| 3 \| 109 \| {{sortname\\|Ben\\|Stokes}}{{dagger}} \| 99 \| 3,463 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 4 \| 92 \| {{sortname\\|Jonny\\|Bairstow}}{{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 2011–2023 \| \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 119 \| 3,293 \| 1999–2009 \| \| \| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most sixes \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=sixes;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most fours \| Rank \| Fours \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 588 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 528 \| {{sortname\\|Marcus\\|Trescothick}} \| 122 \| 4,335 \| 2000–2006 \| \| 3 \| 525 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Bell}} \| 157 \| 5,416 \| 2004–2015 \| \| 4 \| 520 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root")† \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 5 \| 511 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy "Jason Roy") \| 110 \| 4,271 \| 2015–2023 \| \| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most fours \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=fours;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Highest strike rates [Andre Russell](/wiki/Andre_Russell "Andre Russell") of West Indies holds the record for highest strike rate, with minimum 500 balls faced qualification, with 130\.22\.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Highest Strike Rate \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282919\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} [Phil Salt](/wiki/Phil_Salt "Phil Salt") is the Englishman with the highest strike rate. \| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Runs \| Balls Faced \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 126\.8 \| {{sortname\\|Phil\\|Salt}}{{dagger}} \| 715 \| 564 \| 2021–2024 \| \| 2 \| 117\.1 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 5,022 \| 4,288 \| 2012–2023 \| \| 3 \| 109\.4 \| {{sortname\\|Liam\\|Livingstone}}{{dagger}} \| 666 \| 609 \| 2021–2024 \| \| 4 \| 106\.8 \| {{sortname\\|Harry\\|Brook}}{{dagger}} \| 719 \| 673 \| 2023\-2024 \| \| 5 \| 105\.5 \| {{sortname\\|Jason\\|Roy}} \| 4,271 \| 4,047 \| 2015–2023 \| \| Qualification: 500 balls faced.Last updated: 29 September 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Highest strike rate \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\_career\_strike\_rate.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Highest strike rates in an innings [James Franklin](/wiki/James_Franklin_%28cricketer%29 "James Franklin (cricketer)") of New Zealand's strike rate of 387\.50 during his 31[\](/wiki/Not_out "Not out") off 8 balls against [Canada](/wiki/Canada_national_cricket_team "Canada national cricket team") during [2011 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup "2011 Cricket World Cup") is the world record for highest strike rate in an innings. [Moeen Ali](/wiki/Moeen_Ali "Moeen Ali") during his innings of 31[\](/wiki/Not_out "Not out") off 9 balls against Afghanistan at the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup "2019 Cricket World Cup") recorded a strike rate of 344\.44, the highest for an England's batsmen.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Highest Strike Rate in an Inning \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284191\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Runs \| Balls Faced \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 344\.44 \| {{sortname\\|Moeen\\|Ali}} \| 31\* \| 9 \| {{cr\\|AFG\\|2013}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2019\\|June\\|18}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 2 \| 300\.00 \| {{sortname\\|Liam\\|Livingstone}} \| 66\* \| 22 \| {{cr\\|NED}} \| [VRA Cricket Ground](/wiki/VRA_Cricket_Ground "VRA Cricket Ground"), [Amstelveen](/wiki/Amstelveen "Amstelveen"), Netherlands \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2022\\|June\\|17}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Liam\\|Plunkett}} \| 27\* \| 9 \| {{cr\\|BAN}} \| [SWALEC Stadium](/wiki/SWALEC_Stadium "SWALEC Stadium"), [Cardiff](/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2019\\|June\\|8}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 4 \| 293\.75 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} \| 47\* \| 16 \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2013\\|June\\|3}} \| \| 5 \| 292\.30 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Jordan\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 38\* \| 13 \| {{cr\\|SRI}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2014\\|May\\|22}} \| \| Qualification: 25 runs.Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Highest strike rate in an Inning \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\_strike\_rate\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most runs in a calendar year Tendulkar holds the record for most runs scored in a calendar year with 1894 runs scored in 1998\. [Jonathan Trott](/wiki/Jonathan_Trott "Jonathan Trott") scored 1315 runs in 2011, the most for an English batsmen in a year.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most runs in a year \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282854\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Year \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 1,315 \| {{sortname\\|Jonathan\\|Trott}} \| 29 \| 28 \| {{sort\\|2011\\|2011}} \| \| 2 \| 1,086 \| {{sortname\\|David\\|Gower}} \| 20 \| 20 \| {{sort\\|1983\\|1983}} \| \| 3 \| 1,080 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Bell}} \| 33 \| 33 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|2007}} \| \| 4 \| 1,064 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 33 \| 32 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|2007}} \| \| 5 \| 1,047 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Broad\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 26 \| 26 \| {{sort\\|1987\\|1987}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most runs in a year \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=runs;size\=5;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting;view\=year \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most runs in a series The [1980\-81 Benson \& Hedges World Series Cup](/wiki/1980%E2%80%9381_Australian_Tri-Series "1980–81 Australian Tri-Series") in Australia saw [Greg Chappell](/wiki/Greg_Chappell "Greg Chappell") set the record for the most runs scored in a single series scoring 685 runs. He is followed by [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar "Sachin Tendulkar") with 673 runs scored in the [2003 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup "2003 Cricket World Cup"). [David Gower](/wiki/David_Gower "David Gower") has scored the most runs in a series for an English batsmen, when he scored 563 runs in the [Benson \& Hedges World Series in 1982\-83](/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Australian_Tri-Series "1982–83 Australian Tri-Series").{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most runs in a series \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284251\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 563 \| {{sortname\\|David\\|Gower}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\|1983\\|\[\[1982–83 Australian Tri\-Series]]}} \| \| 2 \| 556 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| 3 \| 532 \| {{sortname\\|Jonny\\|Bairstow}} \| \| 4 \| 513 \| {{sortname\\|Graeme\\|Hick}} \| 12 \| 12 \| {{sort\\|1999\\|\[\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \| \| 5 \| 471 \| {{sortname\\|Graham\\|Gooch}} \| 8 \| 8 \| {{sort\\|1987\\|\[\[1987 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most runs in a series \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_runs\_series.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most ducks A [duck](/wiki/Duck_%28cricket%29 "Duck (cricket)") refers to a batsman being dismissed without scoring a run.{{cite news \\|first\=Martin\\|last\=Williamson \\|title\=A glossary of cricket terms \\|url\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} [Sanath Jayasuriya](/wiki/Sanath_Jayasuriya "Sanath Jayasuriya") has scored the highest number of ducks in ODIs with 34\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan "Eoin Morgan") holds this record for England with 15 ducks.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most ducks \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283088\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Ducks \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 207 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} {{dagger}} \| 181 \| 154 \| 2012–2023 \| \| 3 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 162 \| 1989–2003 \| \| {{sortname\\|Marcus\\|Trescothick}} \| 123 \| 122 \| 2000–2006 \| \| 5 \| 11 \| {{sortname\\|Jason\\|Roy}} \| 116 \| 110 \| 2015–2023 \| \| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most ducks \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_ducks\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| ### Bowling records #### Most career wickets A [bowler](/wiki/Bowling_%28cricket%29 "Bowling (cricket)") takes the [wicket](/wiki/Wicket%23dismissing_a_batsman "Wicket#dismissing a batsman") of a batsman when the form of dismissal is [bowled](/wiki/Bowled "Bowled"), [caught](/wiki/Caught "Caught"), [leg before wicket](/wiki/Leg_before_wicket "Leg before wicket"), [stumped](/wiki/Stumped "Stumped") or [hit wicket](/wiki/Hit_wicket "Hit wicket"). If the batsman is dismissed by [run out](/wiki/Run_out "Run out"), [obstructing the field](/wiki/Obstructing_the_field "Obstructing the field"), [handling the ball](/wiki/Handled_the_ball "Handled the ball"), [hitting the ball twice](/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice "Hit the ball twice") or [timed out](/wiki/Timed_out "Timed out") the bowler does not receive credit. England's [James Anderson](/wiki/James_Anderson_%28cricketer%29 "James Anderson (cricketer)") is the leading England bowler on the list of leading ODI wicket\-takers.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most career wickets \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283193\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 269 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \| \| 2 \| 234 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \| \| 3 \| 202 \| {{sortname\\|Adil\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 140 \| 2009–2024 \| \| 4 \| 178 \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| 121 \| 2006–2016 \| \| 5 \| 168 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 138 \| 1999–2009 \| \| 6 \| 173 \| [Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes "Chris Woakes"){{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 7 \| 145 \| [Ian Botham](/wiki/Ian_Botham "Ian Botham") \| 116 \| 1976–1992 \| \| 8 \| 135 \| [Liam Plunkett](/wiki/Liam_Plunkett "Liam Plunkett") \| 89 \| 2005–2019 \| \| 9 \| 115 \| [Phil DeFreitas](/wiki/Phillip_DeFreitas "Phillip DeFreitas") \| 103 \| 1987–1997 \| \| 10 \| 111 \| [Paul Collingwood](/wiki/Paul_Collingwood "Paul Collingwood") \| 197 \| 2001–2011 \| \| Last updated: 29 September 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most career wickets \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\_wickets\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Fastest to multiples of wickets \| Wickets \| Bowler \| Match \| Record Date \| Reference \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 50 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 31 \| 5 May 2004 \| {{Cite web \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283529\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 50 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| 100 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 62 \| 18 May 1999{{double\-dagger}} \|{{Cite web \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283531\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 100 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| 24 June 2010 \| \| 150 \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| 95 \| 20 February 2013 \| {{Cite web \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283533\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 150 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| 200 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 134 \| 5 September 2004 \| {{Cite web \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283535\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 200 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| 250 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 177 \| 25 May 2014 \| {{Cite web \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283537\.html \\|title\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 250 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020 \| \| \| \| \| #### Best figures in an innings \| Figures \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 6/24 \| {{sortname\\|Reece\\|Topley}} \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2022\\|July\\|14}} \| \| 6/31 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| {{cr\\|BAN}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2005\\|June\\|21}} \| \| 6/40 \| {{sortname\\|Jofra\\|Archer}} \| {{cr\\|SA}} \| [De Beers Diamond Oval](/wiki/De_Beers_Diamond_Oval "De Beers Diamond Oval"), [Kimberley](/wiki/Kimberley%2C_Northern_Cape "Kimberley, Northern Cape"), South Africa \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2023\\|February\\|1}} \| \| 6/45 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [The Gabba](/wiki/Brisbane_Cricket_Ground "Brisbane Cricket Ground"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2011\\|January\\|30}} \| \| 6/47 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\|SL}} \| [Pallekele International Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Pallekele_International_Cricket_Stadium "Pallekele International Cricket Stadium"), [Pallekele](/wiki/Pallekele "Pallekele"), Sri Lanka \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2014\\|December\\|10}} \| \| Last updated: 1 February 2023{{cite web\\| url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\_figures\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team\\| title\= England ODI Records – Best Bowling Figures \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=15 July 2022}} \| \| \| \| \| #### Best figures in an innings – progression of record \| Figures \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Season \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 3/50 \| {{sortname\\|Ray\\|Illingworth}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), Australia \| 1970–71 \| \| 3/33 \| {{sortname\\|Bob\\|Woolmer}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| 1972 \| \| 4/27 \| {{sortname\\|Geoff\\|Arnold}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground "Edgbaston Cricket Ground"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| 1972 \| \| 4/11 \| {{sortname\\|John\\|Snow\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|East Africa}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground "Edgbaston Cricket Ground"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| 1975 {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 4/8 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Old}} \| {{cr\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| 1979 {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 5/31 \| {{sortname\\|Mike\\|Hendrick}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| 1980 \| \| 5/20 \| {{sortname\\|Vic\\|Marks}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Basin Reserve](/wiki/Basin_Reserve "Basin Reserve"), [Wellington](/wiki/Wellington "Wellington"), New Zealand \| 1983–84 \| \| 5/15 \| {{sortname\\|Mark\\|Ealham}} \| {{cr\\|ZIM}} \| [De Beers Diamond Oval](/wiki/De_Beers_Diamond_Oval "De Beers Diamond Oval"), [Kimberley](/wiki/Kimberley%2C_South_Africa "Kimberley, South Africa"), South Africa \| 1999–2000 \| \| 6/31 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| {{cr\\|BAN}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| 2005 \| \| 6/24 \| {{sortname\\|Reece\\|Topley}} \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| 2022 \| \| Last updated: 15 July 2022 \| \| \| \| \| #### Best career average A bowler's [bowling average](/wiki/Bowling_average "Bowling average") is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of wickets they have taken. [Afghanistan](/wiki/Afghanistan_national_cricket_team "Afghanistan national cricket team")'s [Rashid Khan](/wiki/Rashid_Khan_%28cricketer%29 "Rashid Khan (cricketer)") holds the record for the best career average in ODIs with 18\.54\. [Joel Garner](/wiki/Joel_Garner "Joel Garner"), [West Indian](/wiki/West_Indies "West Indies") [cricketer](/wiki/Cricket "Cricket"), and a member of the highly regarded late 1970s and early [1980s West Indies cricket teams](/wiki/History_of_the_West_Indian_cricket_team%23Dominance.2C_rebels_and_blackwashes_.281980s.29 "History of the West Indian cricket team#Dominance.2C rebels and blackwashes .281980s.29"), is second behind Rashid with an overall career average of 18\.84 runs per wicket. [Andrew Flintoff](/wiki/Andrew_Flintoff "Andrew Flintoff") of England is the highest ranked English when the qualification of 2000 balls bowled is followed.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Best career average \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283257\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Average \| Player \| Wickets \| Runs \| Balls \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 23\.61 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 168 \| 3,968 \| 5,496 \| 1998–2009 \| \| 2 \| 24\.60 \| {{sortname\\|Bob\\|Willis}} \| 80 \| 1,968 \| 3,595 \| 1973–1984 \| \| 3 \| 26\.29 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 234 \| 6,154 \| 8,422 \| 1994–2006 \| \| 4 \| 26\.55 \| {{sortname\\|Craig\\|White}} \| 65 \| 1,726 \| 2,364 \| 1994–2003 \| \| 5 \| 26\.89 \| {{sortname\\|Graham\\|Dilley}} \| 48 \| 1,291 \| 2,043 \| 1979–1988 \| \| Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Best career average \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\_career\_bowling\_average.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Best career economy rate A bowler's [economy rate](/wiki/Economy_rate_%28cricket%29 "Economy rate (cricket)") is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of [overs](/wiki/Over_%28cricket%29 "Over (cricket)") they have bowled. West Indies' [Joel Garner](/wiki/Joel_Garner "Joel Garner"), holds the ODI record for the best career economy rate with 3\.09\. England's [Bob Willis](/wiki/Bob_Willis "Bob Willis"), with a rate of 3\.28 runs per over conceded over his 64\-match ODI career, is the highest English on the list when the minimum qualification of 2,000 balls bowled is kept.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Best career economy rate \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283266\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Economy rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Runs \| Balls \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 3\.28 \| {{sortname\\|Bob\\|Willis}} \| 80 \| 1,968 \| 3,595 \| 1973–1984 \| \| 2 \| 3\.54 \| {{sortname\\|Angus\\|Fraser}} \| 47 \| 1,412 \| 2,392 \| 1989–1999 \| \| 3 \| 3\.79 \| {{sortname\\|Graham\\|Dilley}} \| 48 \| 1,291 \| 2,043 \| 1979–1988 \| \| 4 3\.84 \| {{sortname\\|Alan\\|Mullally}} \| 63 \| 1,728 \| 2,699 \| 1996–2001 \| \| 5 \| 3\.96 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Botham}} \| 145 \| 4,139 \| 6,271 \| 1976–1992 \| \| Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 22 June 2022{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Best career economy rate \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\_career\_economy\_rate.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Best career strike rate A bowler's [strike rate](/wiki/Strike_rate "Strike rate") is the total number of [balls](/wiki/Delivery_%28cricket%29 "Delivery (cricket)") they have bowled divided by the number of wickets they have taken. The top bowler with the best ODI career strike rate is South Africa's [Lungi Ngidi](/wiki/Lungi_Ngidi "Lungi Ngidi") with strike rate of 23\.2 balls per wicket. England's [Liam Plunkett](/wiki/Liam_Plunkett "Liam Plunkett") is the highest ranked English in this list.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Best career strike rate \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283275\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Balls \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 30\.6 \| {{sortname\\|Liam\\|Plunkett}} \| 135 \| 4137 \| 2005–2019 \| \| 2 \| 32\.6 \| [David Willey](/wiki/David_Willey_%28cricketer%29 "David Willey (cricketer)")† \| 94 \| 3068 \| 2015–2023 \| \| 3 \| 32\.7 \| [Andrew Flintoff](/wiki/Andrew_Flintoff "Andrew Flintoff") \| 168 \| 4384 \| 1999–2009 \| \| 4 \| 33\.5 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 167 \| 5605 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 5 34\.3 \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| 178 \| 6109 \| 2006–2016 \| \| Qualification: 2000 balls. Last updated: 20 September 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Best career strike rate \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\_career\_strike\_rate.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most hauls of four or more wickets in a match [Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes "Chris Woakes") is joint\-twelfth on the list of most four\-wicket hauls in ODIs, with Pakistan's [Waqar Younis](/wiki/Waqar_Younis "Waqar Younis") leading this category.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most Four\-Wicket Hauls in a Career \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283818\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Four\-wicket hauls \| Player \| Matches \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 2 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \| \| 3 \| 12 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \| \| 4 \| 10 \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| 121 \| 2006–2016 \| \| {{sortname\\|Adil\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 138 \| 2009–2024 \| \| Last updated: 24 September 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most four\-wicket hauls in an innings (and over) \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\_4wi\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most five\-wicket hauls in a match A [five\-wicket haul](/wiki/Five-wicket_haul "Five-wicket haul") refers to a bowler taking five wickets in a single innings.{{cite book\\|first\=M. A.\\|last\=Pervez \\|title\=A Dictionary of Cricket \\|publisher\=Orient Blackswan\\|year\=2001\\|page\=31\\|isbn\=978\-81\-7370\-184\-9 \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=VwYsHe\-F\-IUC\&pg\=PA31}} [Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes "Chris Woakes") is the highest ranked Englishman on the list of most five\-wicket hauls which is headed by Pakistan's [Waqar Younis](/wiki/Waqar_Younis "Waqar Younis") with 13 such hauls.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most Five\-Wicket Hauls in a Career \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283826\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Five\-wicket hauls \| Player \| Matches \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 3 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \| \| 2 \| 2 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \| \| {{sortname\\|Mark\\|Ealham}} \| 64 \| 1996–2001 \| \| {{sortname\\|Steven\\|Finn}} \| 69 \| 2011–2017 \| \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 138 \| 1999–2009 \| \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \| \| {{sortname\\|Vic\\|Marks}} \| 34 \| 1980–1988 \| \| {{sortname\\|Adil\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 138 \| 2009–2024 \| \| Last updated: 24 September 2024{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most five\-wicket hauls in a match \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\_5wi\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Best economy rates in an inning The best economy rate in an inning, when a minimum of 30 balls are delivered by the player, is West Indies player [Phil Simmons](/wiki/Phil_Simmons "Phil Simmons") economy of 0\.30 during his spell of 3 runs for 4 wickets in 10 overs against Pakistan at [Sydney Cricket Ground](/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground") in the [1991–92 Australian Tri\-Series](/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_Australian_Tri-Series "1991–92 Australian Tri-Series"). [Dermot Reeve](/wiki/Dermot_Reeve "Dermot Reeve") holds the English record during his spell in [1992 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup "1992 Cricket World Cup") game against Pakistan at Adelaide.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Best economy rates in an innings \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283293\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Economy \| Player \| Overs \| Runs \| Wickets \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|1\\|0\.40}} \| {{sortname\\|Dermot\\|Reeve}} \| 5 \| 2 \| 1 \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Adelaide Oval](/wiki/Adelaide_Oval "Adelaide Oval"), [Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide "Adelaide"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1992\\|March\\|1}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 2 \| {{sort\\|2\\|0\.62}} \| {{sortname\\|Mike\\|Hendrick}} \| 8 \| 5 \| 1 \| {{cr\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1979\\|June\\|13}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|3\\|0\.80}} \| {{sortname\\|Barry\\|Wood\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 5 \| 4 \| 0 \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1975\\|June\\|7}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Old}} \| 10 \| 8 \| 4 \| {{cr\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1979\\|June\\|13}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| 5 \| {{sort\\|5\\|0\.85}} \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Old}} \| 7 \| 6 \| 2 \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1978\\|May\\|24}} \| \| Qualification: 30 balls bowled. Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Best economy rates in an innings \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\_economy\_rate\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Best strike rates in an inning The best strike rate in an inning, when a minimum of 3 wickets are taken by the player, was achieved by [Ajay Jadeja](/wiki/Ajay_Jadeja "Ajay Jadeja") of India, who once achieved a strike rate of 2\.0 balls per wicket.[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=bowling\_strike\_rate;qualmin1\=3;qualval1\=wickets;team\=1;team\=106;team\=11;team\=12;team\=14;team\=140;team\=15;team\=17;team\=19;team\=2;team\=20;team\=25;team\=26;team\=27;team\=28;team\=29;team\=3;team\=30;team\=32;team\=37;team\=4;team\=40;team\=4058;team\=4083;team\=5;team\=6;team\=7;team\=8;team\=9;template\=results;type\=bowling;view\=innings](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=bowling_strike_rate;qualmin1=3;qualval1=wickets;team=1;team=106;team=11;team=12;team=14;team=140;team=15;team=17;team=19;team=2;team=20;team=25;team=26;team=27;team=28;team=29;team=3;team=30;team=32;team=37;team=4;team=40;team=4058;team=4083;team=5;team=6;team=7;team=8;team=9;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings) \| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Balls \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 4\.2 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 4 \| 17 \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [County Ground](/wiki/Riverside_Ground "Riverside Ground"), [Chester\-le\-Street](/wiki/Chester-le-Street "Chester-le-Street"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2008\\|June\\|15}} \| \| 2 \| 5\.6 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 3 \| 17 \| {{cr\\|ZIM}} \| [Bristol County Ground](/wiki/Bristol_County_Ground "Bristol County Ground"), [Bristol](/wiki/Bristol "Bristol"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2003\\|July\\|6}} \| \| 3 \| 6\.0 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 5 \| 30 \| {{cr\\|WIN}} \| [Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Darren_Sammy_National_Cricket_Stadium "Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium"), [Gros Islet](/wiki/Gros_Islet "Gros Islet"), Saint Lucia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2009\\|April\\|3}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Owais\\|Shah}} \| 3 \| 18 \| {{cr\\|IRE}} \| [Stormont](/wiki/Stormont_%28cricket_ground%29 "Stormont (cricket ground)"), [Belfast](/wiki/Belfast "Belfast"), Northern Ireland \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2009\\|August\\|27}} \| \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Tredwell}} \| 4 \| 24 \| {{cr\\|SCO}} \| [Mannofield Park](/wiki/Mannofield_Park "Mannofield Park"), [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen "Aberdeen"), Scotland \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2014\\|May\\|9}} \| \| Last updated: 20 September 2024[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=bowling\_strike\_rate;qualmin1\=3;qualval1\=wickets;team\=1;template\=results;type\=bowling;view\=innings](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=bowling_strike_rate;qualmin1=3;qualval1=wickets;team=1;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings) \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Worst figures in an innings The worst figures in an ODI came in the [5th One Day International](/wiki/Australia_in_South_Africa%2C_5th_ODI%2C_2006 "Australia in South Africa, 5th ODI, 2006") between South Africa at home to Australia in 2006\. Australia's [Mick Lewis](/wiki/Mick_Lewis "Mick Lewis") returned figures of 0/113 from his 10 overs in the second innings of the match.{{cite web \\|url\=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/cricket/story/0,,1729415,00\.html \\|work\=The Guardian\\|title\=South Africa shatter Australia with record 438\-run winning chase \\|date\=13 March 2006 \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}}{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Worst bowling figures in an innings \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=conceded;qualmax1\=0;qualmin1\=0;qualval1\=wickets;size\=200;template\=results;type\=bowling;view\=innings \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} The worst figures by an English is 0/97 that came off the bowling of [Steve Harmison](/wiki/Steve_Harmison "Steve Harmison") in the [2006 ODI Series](/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_2006 "Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2006") against Sri Lanka at Headingley, Leeds. \| Rank \| Figures \| Player \| Overs \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|1\\|0/98}} \| {{sortname\\|Sam\\|Curran}} \| 9\.5 \| {{cr\\|WIN}} \| [Sir Vivian Richards Stadium](/wiki/Sir_Vivian_Richards_Stadium "Sir Vivian Richards Stadium"), [Antigua](/wiki/Antigua "Antigua"), Antigua and Barbuda \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2023\\|December\\|3}} \| \| 2 \| {{sort\\|2\\|0/97}} \| {{sortname\\|Steve\\|Harmison}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|SRI}} \| [Headingley](/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground "Headingley Cricket Ground"), [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds "Leeds"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2006\\|July\\|1}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|3\\|0/91}} \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\|WIN}} \| [National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/National_Cricket_Stadium_%28Grenada%29 "National Cricket Stadium (Grenada)"), [St. George's](/wiki/St._George%27s%2C_Grenada "St. George's, Grenada"), Grenada \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2019\\|February\\|27}} \| \| 4 \| {{sort\\|4\\|0/89}} \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [WACA](/wiki/WACA_Ground "WACA Ground"), [Perth](/wiki/Perth "Perth"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2015\\|February\\|1}} \| \| 5 \| {{sort\\|5\\|0/87}} \| {{sortname\\|Jade\\|Dernbach}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 "Rose Bowl (cricket ground)"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton "Southampton"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2013\\|June\\|2}} \| \| Last updated: 20 September 2024{{cite web \\|title\=English Most Runs Conceded \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=conceded;qualmax1\=0;qualmin1\=0;qualval1\=wickets;size\=200;team\=1;template\=results;type\=bowling;view\=innings \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most runs conceded in a match Mick Lewis also holds the dubious distinction of most runs conceded in an ODI during the aforementioned match. Harmison in the above\-mentioned spell holds the English record.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most runs conceded in a match \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/102992\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Figures \| Player \| Overs \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|1\\|0/97}} \| {{sortname\\|Steve\\|Harmison}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|SRI}} \| [Headingley](/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground "Headingley Cricket Ground"), [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds "Leeds"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2006\\|July\\|1}} \| \| {{sort\\|1\\|1/97}} \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Jordan\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 9 \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2015\\|June\\|12}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|3\\|1/94}} \| {{sortname\\|Jake\\|Ball\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|WIN}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 "Rose Bowl (cricket ground)"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton "Southampton"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2017\\|September\\|29}} \| \| 4 \| {{sort\\|4\\|1/91}} \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Sydney Cricket Ground](/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground "Sydney Cricket Ground"), [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney "Sydney"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2011\\|February\\|2}} \| \| 9\.5 \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [M. Chinnaswamy Stadium](/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy_Stadium "M. Chinnaswamy Stadium"), [Bangalore](/wiki/Bangalore "Bangalore"), India \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2011\\|February\\|27}} {{double\-dagger}} \| \| {{sort\\|5\\|2/91}} \| {{sortname\\|Liam\\|Plunkett}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Barabati Stadium](/wiki/Barabati_Stadium "Barabati Stadium"), [Cuttack](/wiki/Cuttack "Cuttack"), India \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2017\\|January\\|19}} \| \| {{sort\\|6\\|0/91}} \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} {{dagger}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\|WIN}} \| [National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/National_Cricket_Stadium_%28Grenada%29 "National Cricket Stadium (Grenada)"), [St. George's](/wiki/St._George%27s%2C_Grenada "St. George's, Grenada"), Grenada \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2019\\|February\\|27}} \| \| Last updated:1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most runs conceded in a match \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\_runs\_conceded\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most wickets in a calendar year Pakistan's [Saqlain Mushtaq](/wiki/Saqlain_Mushtaq "Saqlain Mushtaq") holds the record for most wickets taken in a year when he took 69 wickets in 1997 in 36 ODIs. England's [John Emburey](/wiki/John_Emburey "John Emburey") is the highest English bowler on the list having taken 43 wickets in 1987\.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most wickets in a calendar year \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283219\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Year \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 43 \| {{sortname\\|John\\|Emburey}} \| 31 \| 1987 \| \| 2 \| 42 \| {{sortname\\|Adil\\|Rashid}} \| 24 \| 2018 \| \| 3 \| 41 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 24 \| 2003 \| \| 4 \| 39 \| {{sortname\\|Phillip\\|DeFreitas}} \| 30 \| 1987 \| \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 28 \| 2007 \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most wickets in a calendar year \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=wickets;size\=5;team\=1;template\=results;type\=bowling;view\=year \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| #### Most wickets in a series [1998–99 Carlton and United Series](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Carlton_and_United_Series "1998–99 Carlton and United Series") involving Australia, England and Sri Lanka and the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup "2019 Cricket World Cup") saw the records set for the most wickets taken by a bowler in an ODI series when Australian [pacemen](/wiki/Pace_bowling "Pace bowling") [Glenn McGrath](/wiki/Glenn_McGrath "Glenn McGrath") and [Mitchell Starc](/wiki/Mitchell_Starc "Mitchell Starc") achieved a total of 27 wickets during the series, respectively. England's [Jofra Archer](/wiki/Jofra_Archer "Jofra Archer") is joint 26th with his 20 wickets taken during the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup "2019 Cricket World Cup").{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most wickets in a series \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283967\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Series \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 20 \| {{sortname\\|Jofra\\|Archer}} \| 11 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| 2 \| 18 \| {{sortname\\|Darren\\|Gough}} \| 12 \| {{sort\\|1999\\|\[\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Mark\\|Wood\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| 4 \| 17 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Botham}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\|1983\\|\[\[1982–83 Australian Tri\-Series]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Phillip\\|DeFreitas}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\|1987\\|\[\[1986–87 Australian Tri\-Series]]}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most wickets in a series \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\_wickets\_series.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| #### Hat\-trick In [cricket](/wiki/Cricket "Cricket"), a hat\-trick occurs when a bowler [takes three wickets](/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29 "Dismissal (cricket)") with consecutive [deliveries](/wiki/Delivery_%28cricket%29 "Delivery (cricket)"). The deliveries may be interrupted by an [over](/wiki/Over_%28cricket%29 "Over (cricket)") bowled by another bowler from the other end of the [pitch](/wiki/Cricket_pitch "Cricket pitch"), but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler in the same match. Only [wickets](/wiki/Wickets%23Dismissing_a_batsman "Wickets#Dismissing a batsman") attributed to the bowler count towards a hat\-trick; run outs do not count. In ODI history there have been just [49 hat\-tricks](/wiki/List_of_One_Day_International_cricket_hat-tricks "List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks"), the first achieved by [Jalal\-ud\-Din](/wiki/Jalal-ud-Din_%28cricketer%29 "Jalal-ud-Din (cricketer)") for [Pakistan](/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team "Pakistan national cricket team") against [Australia](/wiki/Australia_cricket_team "Australia cricket team") in 1982\. \| No. \| Bowler \| Against \| Dismissals \| Venue \| Date \| Ref. \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|James Anderson (cricketer)}} {{cr\\|PAK}} \| • [Abdul Razzaq](/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_%28Pakistani_cricket_player%29 "Abdul Razzaq (Pakistani cricket player)") ([c](/wiki/Caught "Caught") [Marcus Trescothick](/wiki/Marcus_Trescothick "Marcus Trescothick")) • [Shoaib Akhtar](/wiki/Shoaib_Akhtar "Shoaib Akhtar") ([c](/wiki/Caught "Caught") {{dagger}}[Chris Read](/wiki/Chris_Read "Chris Read")) • [Mohammad Sami](/wiki/Mohammad_Sami "Mohammad Sami") ([b](/wiki/Bowled "Bowled")) \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), London \| {{dts\\|format\=dmy\\|2003\\|6\\|20}} \| {{cite web\\|url\=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65030\.html\\|title\=2nd Match: England v Pakistan at The Oval, Jun 20, 2003\\|publisher\=\[\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\|access\-date\=11 July 2009}} \| \| 2 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} {{cr\\|WIN}} \| • [Denesh Ramdin](/wiki/Denesh_Ramdin "Denesh Ramdin") ([b](/wiki/Bowled "Bowled")) • [Ravi Rampaul](/wiki/Ravi_Rampaul "Ravi Rampaul") ([lbw](/wiki/Leg_before_wicket "Leg before wicket")) • [Sulieman Benn](/wiki/Sulieman_Benn "Sulieman Benn") ([b](/wiki/Bowled "Bowled")) \| [Beausejour Stadium](/wiki/Beausejour_Stadium "Beausejour Stadium"), [Gros Islet](/wiki/Gros_Islet_Quarter "Gros Islet Quarter"), Saint Lucia \| {{dts\\|format\=dmy\\|2009\\|4\\|3}} \| {{cite web\\|url\=http://www.cricinfo.com/wiveng2009/engine/match/352669\.html\\|title\=5th ODI: West Indies v England at Gros Islet, Apr 3, 2009\\|publisher\=\[\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\|access\-date\=11 July 2009}} \| \| 3 \| {{sortname\\|Steven\\|Finn}} {{cr\\|AUS}} \| • [Brad Haddin](/wiki/Brad_Haddin "Brad Haddin") ([c](/wiki/Caught "Caught") [Stuart Broad](/wiki/Stuart_Broad "Stuart Broad")) • [Glenn Maxwell](/wiki/Glenn_Maxwell "Glenn Maxwell") ([c](/wiki/Caught "Caught") [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root")) • [Mitchell Johnson](/wiki/Mitchell_Johnson_%28cricketer%29 "Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)") ([c](/wiki/Caught "Caught") [James Anderson](/wiki/James_Anderson_%28cricketer%29 "James Anderson (cricketer)")) \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne") \| {{nowrap\\|{{dts\\|format\=dmy\\|2015\\|2\\|14}} {{double\-dagger}}}} \| {{cite web\\|url\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc\-cricket\-world\-cup–2015/engine/match/656401\.html\\|title\=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2nd Match, Pool A: Australia v England at Melbourne, Feb 14, 2015\\|publisher \= \[\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\|access\-date\=14 February 2015}} \| ### Wicket\-keeping records The [wicket\-keeper](/wiki/Wicket-keeper "Wicket-keeper") is a specialist [fielder](/wiki/Fielding_%28cricket%29 "Fielding (cricket)") who stands behind the [stumps](/wiki/Stump_%28cricket%29 "Stump (cricket)") being guarded by the batsman on [strike](/wiki/Strike_%28cricket%29 "Strike (cricket)") and is the only member of the fielding side allowed to wear gloves and leg pads.{{cite web \\|title\=Law 27 – The wicket\-keeper \\|url\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\-wicket\-keeper \\|publisher\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\|access\-date\=29 December 2018 \\|url\-status\=live\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232954/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\-wicket\-keeper\\|archive\-date\=29 December 2018}} #### Most career dismissals A wicket\-keeper can be credited with the dismissal of a batsman in two ways, [caught](/wiki/Caught "Caught") or [stumped](/wiki/Stumped "Stumped"). A fair catch is taken when the [ball](/wiki/Cricket_ball "Cricket ball") is caught fully within the field of play without it bouncing after the ball has touched the striker's [bat](/wiki/Cricket_bat "Cricket bat") or glove holding the bat,{{cite web \\|title\=Law 33 – Caught \\|url\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/caught \\|publisher\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}}{{cite web \\|title\=Law 5 – The Bat \\|url\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\-bat \\|publisher\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} Laws 5\.6\.2\.2 and 5\.6\.2\.3 state that the hand or the glove holding the bat shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat while a stumping occurs when the wicket\-keeper puts down the wicket while the batsman is out of his [ground](/wiki/Crease_%28cricket%29 "Crease (cricket)") and not attempting a run.{{cite web \\|title\=Law 39 – Stumped \\|url\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/stumped \\|publisher\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} Current England wicket\-keeper [Jos Buttler](/wiki/Jos_Buttler "Jos Buttler") has made the seventh\-most dismissals in ODIs as a designated wicket\-keeper, with Sri Lanka's [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara "Kumar Sangakkara") and Australian [Adam Gilchrist](/wiki/Adam_Gilchrist "Adam Gilchrist") heading the list.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper dismissals \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283792\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 254 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\-2023 \| \| 2 \| 163 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\-2003 \| \| 3 \| 77 \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\-2011 \| \| 4 \| 72 \| {{sortname\\|Geraint\\|Jones}} \| 49 \| 49 \| 2004\-2006 \| \| 5 \| 64 \| {{sortname\\|Craig\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\-2013 \| \| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper career dismissals \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\_dismissals\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most career catches Buttler is eighth on the list of most catches in ODIs as a designated wicket\-keeper.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper catches \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283817\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=18 July 2022}} \| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 218 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} {{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\-2023 \| \| 2 \| 148 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\-2003 \| \| 3 \| 69 \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\-2011 \| \| 4 \| 68 \| {{sortname\\|Geraint\\|Jones}} \| 49 \| 49 \| 2004\-2006 \| \| 5 \| 52 \| {{sortname\\|Craig\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\-2013 \| \| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper career catches \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\_catches\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=18 July 2022}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most career stumpings Buttler is ranked 10th in stumpings, in a list headed by [MS Dhoni](/wiki/MS_Dhoni "MS Dhoni") of India followed by Sri Lankans Sangakkara and [Romesh Kaluwitharana](/wiki/Romesh_Kaluwitharana "Romesh Kaluwitharana").{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper career stumpings \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283339\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=18 July 2022}} \| Rank \| Stumpings \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 36 \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\-2023 \| \| 2 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\-2003 \| \| 3 \| 12 \| {{sortname\\|Craig\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\-2013 \| \| 4 \| 8 \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\-2011 \| \| 5 \| 7 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Foster\\|dab\=cricketer, born 1980}} \| 11 \| 11 \| 2001\-2002 \| \| \| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\-keeper career stumpings \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\_stumpings\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most dismissals in an innings Ten wicket\-keepers on 15 occasions have taken six dismissals in a single innings in an ODI. [Adam Gilchrist](/wiki/Adam_Gilchrist "Adam Gilchrist") of Australia alone has done it six times. Buttler, Stewart and Prior have also achieved this feat once in their career.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283803\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 6 \| {{sortname\\|Alec\\|Stewart}} \| {{cr\\|ZIM}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2000\\|July\\|13}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| {{cr\\|RSA}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2008\\|August\\|26}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\|RSA}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval "The Oval"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2013\\|June\\|19}} \| \| 4 \| 5 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Read}} \| {{cr\\|RSA}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2003\\|July\\|12}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Geraint\\|Jones}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground "Edgbaston Cricket Ground"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2005\\|June\\|28}} \| \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2005\\|July\\|2}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Craig\\|Kieswetter}} \| {{cr\\|RSA}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2012\\|September\\|2}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 "Rose Bowl (cricket ground)"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton "Southampton"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2013\\|September\\|16}} \| \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [WACA](/wiki/WACA_Ground "WACA Ground"), [Perth](/wiki/Perth "Perth"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2014\\|January\\|24}} \| \| {{cr\\|IND}} \| [Brisbane Cricket Ground](/wiki/The_Gabba "The Gabba"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane "Brisbane"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2015\\|January\\|20}} \| \| {{sortname\\|John\\|Simpson\\|dab\=English cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2021\\|July\\|10}} \| \| Last updated: 10 July 2021{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\_dismissals\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most dismissals in a series Gilchrist also holds the ODIs record for the most dismissals taken by a wicket\-keeper in a series. He made 27 dismissals during the [1998\-99 Carlton \& United Series](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Carlton_and_United_Series "1998–99 Carlton and United Series"). English record is held by [Geraint Jones](/wiki/Geraint_Jones "Geraint Jones") when he made 20 dismissals during the [2005 Natwest Series](/wiki/One-Day_Internationals_in_England_in_2005%23Natwest_Series "One-Day Internationals in England in 2005#Natwest Series").{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283368\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 20 \| {{sortname\\|Geraint\\|Jones}} \| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\|2005\\|\[\[One\-Day Internationals in England in 2005\#Natwest Series\\|2005 Natwest Series]]}} \| \| 2 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|\[\[Indian cricket team in England in 2007]]}} \| \| 3 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Nixon}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|\[\[2006–07 Commonwealth Bank Series]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Matt\\|Prior}} \| 5 \| 5 \| {{sort\\|2008\\|\[\[South African cricket team in England in 2008]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Jos\\|Buttler}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\_dismissals\_series.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| ### Fielding records #### Most career catches [Caught](/wiki/Caught "Caught") is one of the nine methods a batsman can be [dismissed](/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29 "Dismissal (cricket)") in cricket.{{efn\\|In 2017, ''The Laws of Cricket'' were amended, reducing the methods of dismissals from ten to nine, with \[\[handled the ball]] now covered as part of \[\[obstructing the field]].{{cite news \\|title\=The new cricket rule changes coming into effect from 28 September \\|url\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/\_/id/20822607/the\-new\-cricket\-rule\-changes\-coming\-effect\-september\-28 \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|date\=26 September 2017 \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}}}} The majority of catches are caught in the [slips](/wiki/Slip_%28cricket%29 "Slip (cricket)"), located behind the batsman, next to the wicket\-keeper, on the [off side](/wiki/Off_side "Off side") of the field. Most slip fielders are [top order](/wiki/Batting_order_%28cricket%29 "Batting order (cricket)") batsmen.{{cite book\\|first1\=S.\\|last1\=Giridhar\\|first2\=V. J.\\|last2\= Raghunath\\|year\=2014 \\|title\=Mid\-Wicket Tales: From Trumper to Tendulkar \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=IPwjBAAAQBAJ\&pg\=PA2 \\|publisher\=\[\[SAGE Publications]]\\|page\=2\\|isbn\=978\-81\-321\-1738\-4 \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}}{{cite magazine\\|first\=Mike\\|last\=Selvey\\|author\-link\=Mike Selvey \\|title\=The greatest slip catcher \\|url\=http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/863595/the\-greatest\-slip\-catcher\\|magazine\=The Cricket Monthly \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|date\=May 2015 \\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} Sri Lanka's [Mahela Jayawardene](/wiki/Mahela_Jayawardene "Mahela Jayawardene") holds the record for the most catches in ODIs by a non\-wicket\-keeper with 218, followed by [Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting "Ricky Ponting") of Australia on 160 and Indian [Mohammad Azharuddin](/wiki/Mohammad_Azharuddin "Mohammad Azharuddin") with 156\.[Paul Collingwood](/wiki/Paul_Collingwood "Paul Collingwood") is the leading catcher for England.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most career catches by a non wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283651\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 108 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 197 \| 2001–2011 \| \| 2 \| 84 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 168 \| 2013–2023 \| \| 3 \| 75 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 2009–2022 \| \| 4 \| 64 \| {{sortname\\|Graeme\\|Hick}} \| 120 \| 1991–2001 \| \| 5 \| 57 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Strauss}} \| 127 \| 2003–2011 \| \| \| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most career catches by a non wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\_catches\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| #### Most catches in an innings South Africa's [Jonty Rhodes](/wiki/Jonty_Rhodes "Jonty Rhodes") is the only fielder to have taken five catches in an innings.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a non\-wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283642\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} The feat of taking 4 catches in an innings has been achieved by 42 fielders on 44 occasions, with Chris Woakes being the only England fielder to do so.{{cite news \\|title\=Fielders who have taken four catches in an innings in an ODI \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;keeper\=0;orderby\=caught;qualmax1\=4;qualmin1\=4;qualval1\=caught;size\=200;team\=1;template\=results;type\=fielding;view\=innings \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 4 \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge "Trent Bridge"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham "Nottingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2019\\|June\\|3}}{{double\-dagger}} \| \| 2 \| 3 \| 27 players \| on a total of 39 occasions \| \| \| \| Last updated: 29 June 2021{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a non\-wicket\-keeper \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\_catches\_innings.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Most catches in a series The [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup "2019 Cricket World Cup"), which was won by England for the first time,{{cite news \\|title\=Epic final tied, Super Over tied, England win World Cup on boundary count \\|url\=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/report/1144530/england\-vs\-new\-zealand\-final\-icc\-cricket\-world\-cup\-2019 \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} saw the record set for the most catches taken by a non\-wicket\-keeper in an ODI series. Englishman [batsman](/wiki/Batting_%28cricket%29 "Batting (cricket)") and [captain](/wiki/Captain_%28cricket%29 "Captain (cricket)") of the [England Test team](/wiki/England_cricket_team "England cricket team") [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root "Joe Root") took 13 catches in the series as well as scored 556 runs.{{cite news \\|title\=2019 cricket World Cup – Most runs \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\_runs\_career.html?id\=12357;type\=tournament \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}}{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283630\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| 2 \| 8 \| {{sortname\\|Nasser\\|Hussain}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\|1999\\|\[\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 9 \| 9 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|\[\[2007 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\|2007\\|\[\[Indian cricket team in England in 2007]]}} \| \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\|2019\\|\[\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \| \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket\-keeper \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\_catches\_series.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| ### All\-round records #### 1000 runs and 100 wickets A total of 67 players have achieved the double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in their ODI career.{{cite web \\|title\=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282787\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Player \| Period \| Matches \| Runs \| Bat Avg \| Wickets \| Bowl Avg \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Botham}} \| 1976–1992 \| 116 \| 2,113 \| 23\.21 \| 145 \| 28\.54 \| \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 2001–2011 \| 197 \| 5,092 \| 35\.36 \| 111 \| 38\.68 \| \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Flintoff}} \| 1999–2009 \| 138 \| 3,293 \| 31\.97 \| 168 \| 23\.61 \| \| {{sortname\\|Chris\\|Woakes}} {{dagger}} \| 2011–2023 \| 114 \| 1,393 \| 24\.43 \| 163 \| 30\.03 \| \| {{sortname\\|Moeen\\|Ali}} \| 2014–2023 \| 132 \| 2,260 \| 24\.83 \| 106 \| 47\.76 \| \| Last updated: 21 September 2023{{cite web \\|title\=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=allround\_average;qualmin1\=100;qualmin2\=1000;qualval1\=wickets;qualval2\=runs;size\=200;team\=1;template\=results;type\=allround \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| ### Other records #### Most career matches India's [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar "Sachin Tendulkar") holds the record for the most ODI matches played with 463, with former captains [Mahela Jayawardene](/wiki/Mahela_Jayawardene "Mahela Jayawardene") and [Sanath Jayasuriya](/wiki/Sanath_Jayasuriya "Sanath Jayasuriya") being second and third having represented Sri Lanka on 443 and 441 occasions, respectively. Eoin Morgan is the most experienced England player having represented the team on 225 occasions.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most career matches \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/223375\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Matches \| Player \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 225 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 2009–2022 \| \| 2 \| 197 \| {{sortname\\|Paul\\|Collingwood}} \| 2001–2011 \| \| 3 \| 194 \| {{sortname\\|James\\|Anderson\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| 2002–2015 \| \| 4 \| 175 \| [Jos Buttler](/wiki/Jos_Buttler "Jos Buttler")† \| 2012–2023 \| \| 5 \| 170 \| [Alec Stewart](/wiki/Alec_Stewart "Alec Stewart") \| 1989–2003 \| \| Last updated: 21 September 2023{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most career matches \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most\_matches\_career.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| #### Most consecutive career matches Tendulkar also holds the record for the most consecutive ODI matches played with 185\. He broke [Richie Richardson](/wiki/Richie_Richardson "Richie Richardson")'s long standing record of 132 matches.{{cite news \\|title\=Most Consecutive ODI matches\\| url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/128609\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Matches \| Player \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| 92 \| {{sortname\\|Marcus\\|Trescothick}} \| 2000–2004 \| \| 2 \| 74 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Strauss}} \| 2003–2007 \| \| 3 \| 67 \| {{sortname\\|Ian\\|Botham}} \| 1977–1984 \| \| 4 \| 66 \| {{sortname\\|Joe\\|Root}} \| 2017–2020 \| \| Last updated: 13 May 2021 \| \| \| \| #### Most matches as captain {{see also\\|List of England cricket captains}} [Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting "Ricky Ponting"), who led the Australian cricket team from 2002 to 2012, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in ODIs with 230 (including 1 as captain of ICC World XI team). [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup "2019 Cricket World Cup") winning skipper Eoin Morgan has led England in 126 matches.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Most matches as captain \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283747\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=14 September 2020}} \| Rank \| Player \| Matches \| Won \| Lost \| Tied \| NR \| Win % \| Period \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sortname\\|Eoin\\|Morgan}} \| 126 \| 76 \| 40 \| 2 \| 8 \| 65\.25 \| 2011–2022 \| \| 2 \| {{sortname\\|Alastair\\|Cook}} \| 69 \| 36 \| 30 \| 1 \| 2 \| 54\.47 \| 2010–2014 \| \| 3 \| {{sortname\\|Andrew\\|Strauss}} \| 62 \| 27 \| 33 \| 1 \| 1 \| 45\.08 \| 2006–2011 \| \| 4 \| {{sortname\\|Michael\\|Vaughan}} \| 60 \| 32 \| 22 \| 2 \| 4 \| 58\.92 \| 2003–2007 \| \| 5 \| {{sortname\\|Nasser\\|Hussain}} \| 56 \| 28 \| 27 \| 0 \| 1 \| 50\.90 \| 1997–2003 \| \| Last updated: 22 June 2022{{cite news \\|title\=England ODI Records – Most matches as captain \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most\_matches\_as\_captain.html?class\=2;id\=1;type\=team \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=13 May 2021}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Youngest players on debut The youngest player to play in an ODI match is claimed to be [Hasan Raza](/wiki/Hasan_Raza_%28cricketer%2C_born_1982%29 "Hasan Raza (cricketer, born 1982)") at the age of 14 years and 233 days. Making his debut for Pakistan [against Zimbabwe](/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_Pakistan_in_1996%E2%80%9397 "Zimbabwean cricket team in Pakistan in 1996–97") on 30 October 1996, there is some doubt as to the validity of Raza's age at the time.{{cite news \\|title\=A late starter \\|url\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149397\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} The youngest England player to play in an ODI was [Rehan Ahmed](/wiki/Rehan_Ahmed "Rehan Ahmed") who at the age of 18 years and 205 days debuted in the [third ODI of the series](/wiki/English_cricket_team_in_Bangladesh_in_2022-23 "English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022-23") against Bangladesh in March 2023\.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Youngest players \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283711\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|19195\\|18 years and 205 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Rehan\\|Ahmed}} \| {{cr\\|BAN}} \| [Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium](/wiki/Zohur_Ahmed_Chowdhury_Stadium "Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium"), [Chattogram](/wiki/Chattogram "Chattogram"), Bangladesh \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2023\\|March\\|6}} \| \| 2 \| {{sort\\|19195\\|19 years and 195 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Ben\\|Hollioake}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s "Lord's"), [London](/wiki/London "London"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1997\\|May\\|25}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|20021\\|20 years and 21 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Sam\\|Curran}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2018\\|June\\|24}} \| \| 4 \| {{sort\\|20067\\|20 years and 67 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Stuart\\|Broad}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Sophia Gardens](/wiki/Sophia_Gardens "Sophia Gardens"), [Cardiff](/wiki/Cardiff "Cardiff"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2006\\|August\\|30}} \| \| 5 \| {{sort\\|20082\\|20 years and 82 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Ben\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\|IRE}} \| [Castle Avenue](/wiki/Castle_Avenue "Castle Avenue"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin "Dublin"), Ireland \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|2011\\|August\\|25}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\| url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;debut\_or\_last\=1;filter\=advanced;orderby\=age;orderbyad\=reverse;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting;view\=innings \\| title\= England – ODI Records – Youngest Players on debut \\| publisher\= ESPNcricinfo\\| access\-date \= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Oldest players on debut The Netherlands batsmen [Nolan Clarke](/wiki/Nolan_Clarke "Nolan Clarke") is the oldest player to appear in an ODI match. Playing in the [1996 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup "1996 Cricket World Cup") against New Zealand in 1996 at [Reliance Stadium](/wiki/Reliance_Stadium "Reliance Stadium") in [Vadodara](/wiki/Vadodara "Vadodara"), England he was aged 47 years and 240 days. [Norman Gifford](/wiki/Norman_Gifford "Norman Gifford") is the oldest English ODI debutant when he played for England during the [1984–85 Four\-Nations Cup](/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Four-Nations_Cup "1984–85 Four-Nations Cup") at the [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium "Sharjah Cricket Stadium"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 "Sharjah (city)"), United Arab Emirates.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Oldest debutants \\|url\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283461\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|44359\\|44 years and 359 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Norman\\|Gifford}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium "Sharjah Cricket Stadium"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 "Sharjah (city)"), United Arab Emirates \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1985\\|March\\|24}} \| \| 2 \| {{sort\\|42104\\|42 years and 104 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Fred\\|Titmus}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Carisbrook](/wiki/Carisbrook "Carisbrook"), [Dunedin](/wiki/Dunedin "Dunedin"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1975\\|March\\|8}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|41182\\|41 years and 182 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Brian\\|Close}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground "Old Trafford Cricket Ground"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester "Manchester"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1972\\|August\\|24}} \| \| 4 \| {{sort\\|39093\\|39 years and 93 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Basil\\|D'Oliveira}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground "Melbourne Cricket Ground"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne "Melbourne"), Australia \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1971\\|January\\|5}} \| \| 5 \| {{sort\\|38211\\|38 years and 211 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Ray\\|Illingworth}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\| url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;debut\_or\_last\=1;filter\=advanced;orderby\=age;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting;view\=innings \\| title\= England – ODI Records – Oldest Players on debut \\| publisher\= ESPNcricinfo\\| access\-date \= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| #### Oldest players The Netherlands batsmen [Nolan Clarke](/wiki/Nolan_Clarke "Nolan Clarke") is the oldest player to appear in an ODI match. Playing in the [1996 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup "1996 Cricket World Cup") against South Africa in 1996 at [Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Rawalpindi_Cricket_Stadium "Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium") in [Rawalpindi](/wiki/Rawalpindi "Rawalpindi"), Pakistan he was aged 47 years and 257 days.{{cite news \\|title\=ODI Records – Oldest players \\|url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283723\.html \\|publisher\=ESPNcricinfo\\|access\-date\=1 July 2020}} \| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| 1 \| {{sort\\|44361\\|44 years and 361 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Norman\\|Gifford}} \| {{cr\\|PAK}} \| [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium "Sharjah Cricket Stadium"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 "Sharjah (city)"), United Arab Emirates \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1985\\|March\\|26}} \| \| 2 \| {{sort\\|42223\\|42 years and 223 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Bob\\|Taylor\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Eden Park](/wiki/Eden_Park "Eden Park"), [Auckland](/wiki/Auckland "Auckland"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1984\\|February\\|25}} \| \| 3 \| {{sort\\|42105\\|42 years and 105 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Fred\\|Titmus}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Basin Reserve](/wiki/Basin_Reserve "Basin Reserve"), [Wellington](/wiki/Wellington "Wellington"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1975\\|March\\|9}} \| \| 4 \| {{sort\\|41354\\|41 years and 354 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Eddie\\|Hemmings\\|dab\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\|NZ}} \| [Lancaster Park](/wiki/Lancaster_Park "Lancaster Park"), [Christchurch](/wiki/Christchurch "Christchurch"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1991\\|February\\|9}} \| \| 5 \| {{sort\\|41186\\|41 years and 186 days}} \| {{sortname\\|Brian\\|Close}} \| {{cr\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston "Edgbaston"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham "Birmingham"), England \| {{dts\\|nowrap\=off\\|format\=dmy\\|1972\\|August\\|28}} \| \| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\| url\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\=2;debut\_or\_last\=2;filter\=advanced;orderby\=age;team\=1;template\=results;type\=batting;view\=innings \\| title\= England – ODI Records – Oldest Players \\| publisher\= ESPNcricinfo\\| access\-date \= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|	[ "Individual records\n------------------", "### Batting records", "#### Most career runs", "A [run](/wiki/Run_%28cricket%29 \"Run (cricket)\") is the basic means of [scoring](/wiki/Scoring_%28cricket%29 \"Scoring (cricket)\") in cricket. A run is scored when the batsman hits the [ball](/wiki/Cricket_ball \"Cricket ball\") with his [bat](/wiki/Cricket_bat \"Cricket bat\") and with his partner runs the length of {{convert\\\|22\\\|yards\\\|metres}} of the [pitch](/wiki/Cricket_pitch \"Cricket pitch\").{{cite web \\\|title\\=Law 18 – Scoring runs \\\|url\\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring\\-runs \\\|publisher\\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\\|access\\-date\\=29 December 2018 \\\|url\\-status\\=live\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232041/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/scoring\\-runs\\\|archive\\-date\\=29 December 2018}}\nIndia's [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar \"Sachin Tendulkar\"), with 18,246, has scored the most runs in ODIs, ahead of [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara \"Kumar Sangakkara\") of Sri Lanka with 14,234 and [Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting \"Ricky Ponting\") of Australia with 13,704\\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan \"Eoin Morgan\") (the previous captain of the England limited\\-overs team) is the leading English player on this list with 6,957 runs.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most career runs \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/83548\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 6,957 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 207 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 6,522 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 171 \| 160 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 5,416 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Bell}} \| 161 \| 157 \| 2004–2015 \|\n\| 4 \| 5,092 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 197 \| 181 \| 2001–2011 \|\n\| 5 \| 5,022 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 181 \| 154 \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| 6 \| 4,677 \| [Alec Stewart](/wiki/Alec_Stewart \"Alec Stewart\") \| 170 \| 162 \| 1989–2003 \|\n\| 7 \| 4,422 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen \"Kevin Pietersen\") \| 134 \| 123 \| 2004–2013 \|\n\| 8 \| 4,335 \| [Marcus Trescothick](/wiki/Marcus_Trescothick \"Marcus Trescothick\") \| 123 \| 122 \| 2000–2006 \|\n\| 9 \| 4,290 \| [Graham Gooch](/wiki/Graham_Gooch \"Graham Gooch\") \| 125 \| 122 \| 1976–1995 \|\n\| 10 \| 4,271 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy \"Jason Roy\") \| 116 \| 110 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| Last updated: 9 December 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most career runs \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_runs\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=17 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Fastest to multiples of 1000 runs", "", "\| Runs \| Batsman \| Innings \| Match \| Record Date \| Reference \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1000 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen \"Kevin Pietersen\") \| 21 \| 27 \| 31 March 2006 \|{{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283174\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 1000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}}", "\| [Jonathan Trott](/wiki/Jonathan_Trott \"Jonathan Trott\") \| 21 \| 2 March 2011 {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| [Dawid Malan](/wiki/Dawid_Malan \"Dawid Malan\") \| 21 \| 15 September 2023 {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 2000 \| [Kevin Pietersen](/wiki/Kevin_Pietersen \"Kevin Pietersen\") \| 45 \| 51 \| 21 April 2007 {{double\\-dagger}} \| {{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283153\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 2000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}} \|\n\| 3000 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\") \| 72 \| 77 \| 1 September 2016 \|{{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283178\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 3000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}}", "\| [Jonny Bairstow](/wiki/Jonny_Bairstow \"Jonny Bairstow\") \| 79 \| 1 August 2020 \|\n\| 4000 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\") \| 91 \| 97 \| 29 September 2017 \| {{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283157\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 4000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}} \|\n\| 5000 \| 116 \| 122 \| 20 February 2019 \| {{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283182\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 5000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}} \|\n\| 6000 \| 141 \| 150 \| 29 June 2021 \| {{Cite news \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283184\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} One\\-Day Internationals {{!}} Batting records {{!}} Fastest to 6000 runs {{!}} ESPNcricinfo \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-11\\-01}} \|\n\| Last updated: 17 September 2023 \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Highest individual score", "The fourth ODI of the [Sri Lanka's tour of India in 2014](/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_India_in_2014%E2%80%9315 \"Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2014–15\") saw [Rohit Sharma](/wiki/Rohit_Sharma \"Rohit Sharma\") score the highest Individual score. [Ben Stokes](/wiki/Ben_Stokes \"Ben Stokes\") holds the English record when he scored 182 against New Zealand in the [third ODI of the 2023 series](/wiki/New_Zealand_cricket_team_in_England_in_2023 \"New Zealand cricket team in England in 2023\").{{cite web \\\|title\\= Most runs in an Innings \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/216972\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=13 September 2023}}", "", "\| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 182 \| {{sortname\\\|Ben\\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2023\\\|September\\\|13}} \|\n\| 2 \| 180 \| {{sortname\\\|Jason\\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2018\\\|January\\\|14}} \|\n\| 3 \| 171 \| {{sortname\\\|Alex\\\|Hales}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2016\\\|August\\\|30}} \|\n\| 4 \| 167\\* \| {{sortname\\\|Robin\\\|Smith\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1993\\\|May\\\|21}} \|\n\| 5 \| 162\\* \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\\|NED}} \| [VRA Cricket Ground](/wiki/VRA_Cricket_Ground \"VRA Cricket Ground\"), [Amstelveen](/wiki/Amstelveen \"Amstelveen\"), Netherlands \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2022\\\|June\\\|17}} \|\n\| 162 \| {{sortname\\\|Jason\\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\\|SRI}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2016\\\|June\\\|29}} \|\n\| Last updated: 13 September 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Highest individual score \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_runs\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=13 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Highest individual score – progression of record", "", "\| Runs \| Player \| Opponent \| Venue \| Season \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 82 \| {{sortname\\\|John\\\|Edrich}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), Australia \| 1970\\-71 \|\n\| 103 \| {{sortname\\\|Dennis\\\|Amiss}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| 1972 \|\n\| 116\\* \| {{sortname\\\|David\\\|Lloyd\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| 1974 \|\n\| 137 \| {{sortname\\\|Dennis\\\|Amiss}} \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| 1975 {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 158 \| {{sortname\\\|David\\\|Gower}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Brisbane Cricket Ground](/wiki/The_Gabba \"The Gabba\"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"), Australia \| 1982\\-83 \|\n\| 167\\* \| {{sortname\\\|Robin\\\|Smith\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| 1993 \|\n\| 171 \| {{sortname\\\|Alex\\\|Hales}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| 2016 \|\n\| 180 \| {{sortname\\\|Jason\\\|Roy}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), Australia \| 2018 \|\n\| 182 \| {{sortname\\\|Ben\\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| 2023 \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 13 September 2023 \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Highest career average", "A batsman's [batting average](/wiki/Batting_average_%28cricket%29 \"Batting average (cricket)\") is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been dismissed.{{cite book\\\|first\\=M. A.\\\|last\\=Pervez \\\|title\\=A Dictionary of Cricket \\\|publisher\\=Orient Blackswan\\\|year\\=2001\\\|page\\=7\\\|isbn\\=978\\-81\\-7370\\-184\\-9 \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=VwYsHe\\-F\\-IUC\\&pg\\=PA7}}", "", "\| Rank \| Average \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Not out \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 55\\.77 \| {{sortname\\\|Dawid\\\|Malan}}{{dagger}} \| 30 \| 1,450 \| 4 \| 2019–2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 51\\.25 \| {{sortname\\\|Jonathan\\\|Trott}} \| 65 \| 2,819 \| 10 \| 2009–2013 \|\n\| 3 \| 47\\.61 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 23 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 4 \| 42\\.97 \| {{sortname\\\|Jonny\\\|Bairstow}}{{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 8 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 5 \| 42\\.23 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Taylor\\\|dab\\=cricketer, born 1990}} \| 26 \| 887 \| 5 \| 2011–2015 \|\n\| Qualification: 20 innings.Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Highest career average \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\\_career\\_batting\\_average.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most half\\-centuries", "A half\\-century is a score of between 50 and 99 runs. Statistically, once a batsman's score reaches 100, it is no longer considered a half\\-century but a century.", "[Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar \"Sachin Tendulkar\") of India has scored the most half\\-centuries in ODIs with 96\\. He is followed by the Sri Lanka's [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara \"Kumar Sangakkara\") on 93, South Africa's [Jacques Kallis](/wiki/Jacques_Kallis \"Jacques Kallis\") on 86 and India's [Rahul Dravid](/wiki/Rahul_Dravid \"Rahul Dravid\") and Pakistan's [Inzamam\\-ul\\-Haq](/wiki/Inzamam-ul-Haq \"Inzamam-ul-Haq\") on 83\\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan \"Eoin Morgan\") is the leading English player on this list, with 42 half\\-centuries.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most half\\-centuries \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283033\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Half centuries \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 42 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 39 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 35 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Bell}} \| 157 \| 5,416 \| 2004–2015 \|\n\| 4 \| 28 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| 162 \| 4,677 \| 1989–2003 \|\n\| 5 \| 27 \| {{sortname\\\|Graeme\\\|Hick}} \| 118 \| 3,846 \| 1991–2001 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Strauss}} \| 126 \| 4,205 \| 2003–2011 \|\n\| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most half\\-centuries \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_fifties\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most centuries", "A [century](/wiki/Century_%28cricket%29 \"Century (cricket)\") is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings.", "Tendulkar has also scored the most centuries in ODIs with 49\\. [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\") has the most centuries for England.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most centuries \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282935\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Centuries \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 16 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 3 \| 12 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy \"Jason Roy\") \| 110 \| 4,271 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Marcus\\\|Trescothick}} \| 122 \| 4,335 \| 2000–2006 \|\n\| 5 \| 11 \| [Jonny Bairstow](/wiki/Jonny_Bairstow \"Jonny Bairstow\"){{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 2011–2022 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 154 \| 5,022 \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most centuries \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_hundreds\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most sixes", "", "\| Rank \| Sixes \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 202 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 170 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 154 \| 5,022 \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 109 \| {{sortname\\\|Ben\\\|Stokes}}{{dagger}} \| 99 \| 3,463 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 4 \| 92 \| {{sortname\\\|Jonny\\\|Bairstow}}{{dagger}} \| 98 \| 3,868 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 119 \| 3,293 \| 1999–2009 \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most sixes \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=sixes;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most fours", "", "\| Rank \| Fours \| Player \| Innings \| Runs \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 588 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 207 \| 6,957 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 528 \| {{sortname\\\|Marcus\\\|Trescothick}} \| 122 \| 4,335 \| 2000–2006 \|\n\| 3 \| 525 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Bell}} \| 157 \| 5,416 \| 2004–2015 \|\n\| 4 \| 520 \| [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\")† \| 160 \| 6,522 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 5 \| 511 \| [Jason Roy](/wiki/Jason_Roy \"Jason Roy\") \| 110 \| 4,271 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most fours \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=fours;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Highest strike rates", "[Andre Russell](/wiki/Andre_Russell \"Andre Russell\") of West Indies holds the record for highest strike rate, with minimum 500 balls faced qualification, with 130\\.22\\.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Highest Strike Rate \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282919\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} [Phil Salt](/wiki/Phil_Salt \"Phil Salt\") is the Englishman with the highest strike rate.", "", "\| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Runs \| Balls Faced \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 126\\.8 \| {{sortname\\\|Phil\\\|Salt}}{{dagger}} \| 715 \| 564 \| 2021–2024 \|\n\| 2 \| 117\\.1 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 5,022 \| 4,288 \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 109\\.4 \| {{sortname\\\|Liam\\\|Livingstone}}{{dagger}} \| 666 \| 609 \| 2021–2024 \|\n\| 4 \| 106\\.8 \| {{sortname\\\|Harry\\\|Brook}}{{dagger}} \| 719 \| 673 \| 2023\\-2024 \|\n\| 5 \| 105\\.5 \| {{sortname\\\|Jason\\\|Roy}} \| 4,271 \| 4,047 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| Qualification: 500 balls faced.Last updated: 29 September 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Highest strike rate \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\\_career\\_strike\\_rate.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Highest strike rates in an innings", "[James Franklin](/wiki/James_Franklin_%28cricketer%29 \"James Franklin (cricketer)\") of New Zealand's strike rate of 387\\.50 during his 31[\\](/wiki/Not_out \"Not out\") off 8 balls against [Canada](/wiki/Canada_national_cricket_team \"Canada national cricket team\") during [2011 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup \"2011 Cricket World Cup\") is the world record for highest strike rate in an innings. [Moeen Ali](/wiki/Moeen_Ali \"Moeen Ali\") during his innings of 31[\\](/wiki/Not_out \"Not out\") off 9 balls against Afghanistan at the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup \"2019 Cricket World Cup\") recorded a strike rate of 344\\.44, the highest for an England's batsmen.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Highest Strike Rate in an Inning \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284191\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Runs \| Balls Faced \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 344\\.44 \| {{sortname\\\|Moeen\\\|Ali}} \| 31\\* \| 9 \| {{cr\\\|AFG\\\|2013}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2019\\\|June\\\|18}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 2 \| 300\\.00 \| {{sortname\\\|Liam\\\|Livingstone}} \| 66\\* \| 22 \| {{cr\\\|NED}} \| [VRA Cricket Ground](/wiki/VRA_Cricket_Ground \"VRA Cricket Ground\"), [Amstelveen](/wiki/Amstelveen \"Amstelveen\"), Netherlands \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2022\\\|June\\\|17}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Liam\\\|Plunkett}} \| 27\\* \| 9 \| {{cr\\\|BAN}} \| [SWALEC Stadium](/wiki/SWALEC_Stadium \"SWALEC Stadium\"), [Cardiff](/wiki/Cardiff \"Cardiff\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2019\\\|June\\\|8}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 4 \| 293\\.75 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} \| 47\\* \| 16 \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2013\\\|June\\\|3}} \|\n\| 5 \| 292\\.30 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Jordan\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 38\\* \| 13 \| {{cr\\\|SRI}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2014\\\|May\\\|22}} \|\n\| Qualification: 25 runs.Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Highest strike rate in an Inning \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/highest\\_strike\\_rate\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most runs in a calendar year", "Tendulkar holds the record for most runs scored in a calendar year with 1894 runs scored in 1998\\. [Jonathan Trott](/wiki/Jonathan_Trott \"Jonathan Trott\") scored 1315 runs in 2011, the most for an English batsmen in a year.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most runs in a year \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282854\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Year \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 1,315 \| {{sortname\\\|Jonathan\\\|Trott}} \| 29 \| 28 \| {{sort\\\|2011\\\|2011}} \|\n\| 2 \| 1,086 \| {{sortname\\\|David\\\|Gower}} \| 20 \| 20 \| {{sort\\\|1983\\\|1983}} \|\n\| 3 \| 1,080 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Bell}} \| 33 \| 33 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|2007}} \|\n\| 4 \| 1,064 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 33 \| 32 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|2007}} \|\n\| 5 \| 1,047 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Broad\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 26 \| 26 \| {{sort\\\|1987\\\|1987}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most runs in a year \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=runs;size\\=5;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting;view\\=year \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most runs in a series", "The [1980\\-81 Benson \\& Hedges World Series Cup](/wiki/1980%E2%80%9381_Australian_Tri-Series \"1980–81 Australian Tri-Series\") in Australia saw [Greg Chappell](/wiki/Greg_Chappell \"Greg Chappell\") set the record for the most runs scored in a single series scoring 685 runs. He is followed by [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar \"Sachin Tendulkar\") with 673 runs scored in the [2003 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2003_Cricket_World_Cup \"2003 Cricket World Cup\"). [David Gower](/wiki/David_Gower \"David Gower\") has scored the most runs in a series for an English batsmen, when he scored 563 runs in the [Benson \\& Hedges World Series in 1982\\-83](/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Australian_Tri-Series \"1982–83 Australian Tri-Series\").{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most runs in a series \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/284251\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Runs \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 563 \| {{sortname\\\|David\\\|Gower}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|1983\\\|\\[\\[1982–83 Australian Tri\\-Series]]}} \|\n\| 2 \| 556 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| 3 \| 532 \| {{sortname\\\|Jonny\\\|Bairstow}} \|\n\| 4 \| 513 \| {{sortname\\\|Graeme\\\|Hick}} \| 12 \| 12 \| {{sort\\\|1999\\\|\\[\\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \|\n\| 5 \| 471 \| {{sortname\\\|Graham\\\|Gooch}} \| 8 \| 8 \| {{sort\\\|1987\\\|\\[\\[1987 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most runs in a series \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_runs\\_series.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most ducks", "A [duck](/wiki/Duck_%28cricket%29 \"Duck (cricket)\") refers to a batsman being dismissed without scoring a run.{{cite news \\\|first\\=Martin\\\|last\\=Williamson \\\|title\\=A glossary of cricket terms \\\|url\\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/239756\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}\n[Sanath Jayasuriya](/wiki/Sanath_Jayasuriya \"Sanath Jayasuriya\") has scored the highest number of ducks in ODIs with 34\\. [Eoin Morgan](/wiki/Eoin_Morgan \"Eoin Morgan\") holds this record for England with 15 ducks.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most ducks \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283088\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Ducks \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 207 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} {{dagger}} \| 181 \| 154 \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 162 \| 1989–2003 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Marcus\\\|Trescothick}} \| 123 \| 122 \| 2000–2006 \|\n\| 5 \| 11 \| {{sortname\\\|Jason\\\|Roy}} \| 116 \| 110 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| Last updated: 28 June 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most ducks \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_ducks\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=28 June 2024}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "### Bowling records", "#### Most career wickets", "A [bowler](/wiki/Bowling_%28cricket%29 \"Bowling (cricket)\") takes the [wicket](/wiki/Wicket%23dismissing_a_batsman \"Wicket#dismissing a batsman\") of a batsman when the form of dismissal is [bowled](/wiki/Bowled \"Bowled\"), [caught](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\"), [leg before wicket](/wiki/Leg_before_wicket \"Leg before wicket\"), [stumped](/wiki/Stumped \"Stumped\") or [hit wicket](/wiki/Hit_wicket \"Hit wicket\"). If the batsman is dismissed by [run out](/wiki/Run_out \"Run out\"), [obstructing the field](/wiki/Obstructing_the_field \"Obstructing the field\"), [handling the ball](/wiki/Handled_the_ball \"Handled the ball\"), [hitting the ball twice](/wiki/Hit_the_ball_twice \"Hit the ball twice\") or [timed out](/wiki/Timed_out \"Timed out\") the bowler does not receive credit.", "England's [James Anderson](/wiki/James_Anderson_%28cricketer%29 \"James Anderson (cricketer)\") is the leading England bowler on the list of leading ODI wicket\\-takers.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most career wickets \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283193\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 269 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \|\n\| 2 \| 234 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \|\n\| 3 \| 202 \| {{sortname\\\|Adil\\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 140 \| 2009–2024 \|\n\| 4 \| 178 \| {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \| 121 \| 2006–2016 \|\n\| 5 \| 168 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 138 \| 1999–2009 \|\n\| 6 \| 173 \| [Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes \"Chris Woakes\"){{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 7 \| 145 \| [Ian Botham](/wiki/Ian_Botham \"Ian Botham\") \| 116 \| 1976–1992 \|\n\| 8 \| 135 \| [Liam Plunkett](/wiki/Liam_Plunkett \"Liam Plunkett\") \| 89 \| 2005–2019 \|\n\| 9 \| 115 \| [Phil DeFreitas](/wiki/Phillip_DeFreitas \"Phillip DeFreitas\") \| 103 \| 1987–1997 \|\n\| 10 \| 111 \| [Paul Collingwood](/wiki/Paul_Collingwood \"Paul Collingwood\") \| 197 \| 2001–2011 \|\n\| Last updated: 29 September 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most career wickets \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\\_wickets\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Fastest to multiples of wickets", "", "\| Wickets \| Bowler \| Match \| Record Date \| Reference \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 50 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 31 \| 5 May 2004 \| {{Cite web \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283529\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 50 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \|\n\| 100 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 62 \| 18 May 1999{{double\\-dagger}} \|{{Cite web \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283531\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 100 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "\| {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \| 24 June 2010 \|\n\| 150 \| {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \| 95 \| 20 February 2013 \| {{Cite web \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283533\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 150 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \|\n\| 200 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 134 \| 5 September 2004 \| {{Cite web \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283535\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 200 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \|\n\| 250 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 177 \| 25 May 2014 \| {{Cite web \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283537\\.html \\\|title\\=Records {{!}} ODI matches {{!}} Bowling records {{!}} Fastest to 250 wickets {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com\\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020 \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best figures in an innings", "", "\| Figures \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 6/24 \| {{sortname\\\|Reece\\\|Topley}} \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2022\\\|July\\\|14}} \|\n\| 6/31 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| {{cr\\\|BAN}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2005\\\|June\\\|21}} \|\n\| 6/40 \| {{sortname\\\|Jofra\\\|Archer}} \| {{cr\\\|SA}} \| [De Beers Diamond Oval](/wiki/De_Beers_Diamond_Oval \"De Beers Diamond Oval\"), [Kimberley](/wiki/Kimberley%2C_Northern_Cape \"Kimberley, Northern Cape\"), South Africa \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2023\\\|February\\\|1}} \|\n\| 6/45 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [The Gabba](/wiki/Brisbane_Cricket_Ground \"Brisbane Cricket Ground\"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2011\\\|January\\\|30}} \|\n\| 6/47 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\\|SL}} \| [Pallekele International Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Pallekele_International_Cricket_Stadium \"Pallekele International Cricket Stadium\"), [Pallekele](/wiki/Pallekele \"Pallekele\"), Sri Lanka \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2014\\\|December\\\|10}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 February 2023{{cite web\\\| url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\\_figures\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team\\\| title\\= England ODI Records – Best Bowling Figures \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=15 July 2022}} \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best figures in an innings – progression of record", "", "\| Figures \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Season \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 3/50 \| {{sortname\\\|Ray\\\|Illingworth}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), Australia \| 1970–71 \|\n\| 3/33 \| {{sortname\\\|Bob\\\|Woolmer}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| 1972 \|\n\| 4/27 \| {{sortname\\\|Geoff\\\|Arnold}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| 1972 \|\n\| 4/11 \| {{sortname\\\|John\\\|Snow\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|East Africa}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| 1975 {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 4/8 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Old}} \| {{cr\\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| 1979 {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 5/31 \| {{sortname\\\|Mike\\\|Hendrick}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| 1980 \|\n\| 5/20 \| {{sortname\\\|Vic\\\|Marks}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Basin Reserve](/wiki/Basin_Reserve \"Basin Reserve\"), [Wellington](/wiki/Wellington \"Wellington\"), New Zealand \| 1983–84 \|\n\| 5/15 \| {{sortname\\\|Mark\\\|Ealham}} \| {{cr\\\|ZIM}} \| [De Beers Diamond Oval](/wiki/De_Beers_Diamond_Oval \"De Beers Diamond Oval\"), [Kimberley](/wiki/Kimberley%2C_South_Africa \"Kimberley, South Africa\"), South Africa \| 1999–2000 \|\n\| 6/31 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| {{cr\\\|BAN}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| 2005 \|\n\| 6/24 \| {{sortname\\\|Reece\\\|Topley}} \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| 2022 \|\n\| Last updated: 15 July 2022 \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best career average", "A bowler's [bowling average](/wiki/Bowling_average \"Bowling average\") is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of wickets they have taken.\n[Afghanistan](/wiki/Afghanistan_national_cricket_team \"Afghanistan national cricket team\")'s [Rashid Khan](/wiki/Rashid_Khan_%28cricketer%29 \"Rashid Khan (cricketer)\") holds the record for the best career average in ODIs with 18\\.54\\. [Joel Garner](/wiki/Joel_Garner \"Joel Garner\"), [West Indian](/wiki/West_Indies \"West Indies\") [cricketer](/wiki/Cricket \"Cricket\"), and a member of the highly regarded late 1970s and early [1980s West Indies cricket teams](/wiki/History_of_the_West_Indian_cricket_team%23Dominance.2C_rebels_and_blackwashes_.281980s.29 \"History of the West Indian cricket team#Dominance.2C rebels and blackwashes .281980s.29\"), is second behind Rashid with an overall career average of 18\\.84 runs per wicket. [Andrew Flintoff](/wiki/Andrew_Flintoff \"Andrew Flintoff\") of England is the highest ranked English when the qualification of 2000 balls bowled is followed.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Best career average \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283257\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Average \| Player \| Wickets \| Runs \| Balls \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 23\\.61 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 168 \| 3,968 \| 5,496 \| 1998–2009 \|\n\| 2 \| 24\\.60 \| {{sortname\\\|Bob\\\|Willis}} \| 80 \| 1,968 \| 3,595 \| 1973–1984 \|\n\| 3 \| 26\\.29 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 234 \| 6,154 \| 8,422 \| 1994–2006 \|\n\| 4 \| 26\\.55 \| {{sortname\\\|Craig\\\|White}} \| 65 \| 1,726 \| 2,364 \| 1994–2003 \|\n\| 5 \| 26\\.89 \| {{sortname\\\|Graham\\\|Dilley}} \| 48 \| 1,291 \| 2,043 \| 1979–1988 \|\n\| Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Best career average \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\\_career\\_bowling\\_average.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best career economy rate", "A bowler's [economy rate](/wiki/Economy_rate_%28cricket%29 \"Economy rate (cricket)\") is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of [overs](/wiki/Over_%28cricket%29 \"Over (cricket)\") they have bowled.\nWest Indies' [Joel Garner](/wiki/Joel_Garner \"Joel Garner\"), holds the ODI record for the best career economy rate with 3\\.09\\. England's [Bob Willis](/wiki/Bob_Willis \"Bob Willis\"), with a rate of 3\\.28 runs per over conceded over his 64\\-match ODI career, is the highest English on the list when the minimum qualification of 2,000 balls bowled is kept.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Best career economy rate \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283266\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Economy rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Runs \| Balls \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 3\\.28 \| {{sortname\\\|Bob\\\|Willis}} \| 80 \| 1,968 \| 3,595 \| 1973–1984 \|\n\| 2 \| 3\\.54 \| {{sortname\\\|Angus\\\|Fraser}} \| 47 \| 1,412 \| 2,392 \| 1989–1999 \|\n\| 3 \| 3\\.79 \| {{sortname\\\|Graham\\\|Dilley}} \| 48 \| 1,291 \| 2,043 \| 1979–1988 \|\n\| 4", "3\\.84 \|\n {{sortname\\\|Alan\\\|Mullally}} \|\n 63 \|\n 1,728 \|\n 2,699 \|\n 1996–2001 \|\n\| 5 \| 3\\.96 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Botham}} \| 145 \| 4,139 \| 6,271 \| 1976–1992 \|\n\| Qualification: 2,000 balls. Last updated: 22 June 2022{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Best career economy rate \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\\_career\\_economy\\_rate.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best career strike rate", "A bowler's [strike rate](/wiki/Strike_rate \"Strike rate\") is the total number of [balls](/wiki/Delivery_%28cricket%29 \"Delivery (cricket)\") they have bowled divided by the number of wickets they have taken.\nThe top bowler with the best ODI career strike rate is South Africa's [Lungi Ngidi](/wiki/Lungi_Ngidi \"Lungi Ngidi\") with strike rate of 23\\.2 balls per wicket. England's [Liam Plunkett](/wiki/Liam_Plunkett \"Liam Plunkett\") is the highest ranked English in this list.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Best career strike rate \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283275\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Balls \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 30\\.6 \| {{sortname\\\|Liam\\\|Plunkett}} \| 135 \| 4137 \| 2005–2019 \|\n\| 2 \| 32\\.6 \| [David Willey](/wiki/David_Willey_%28cricketer%29 \"David Willey (cricketer)\")† \| 94 \| 3068 \| 2015–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 32\\.7 \| [Andrew Flintoff](/wiki/Andrew_Flintoff \"Andrew Flintoff\") \| 168 \| 4384 \| 1999–2009 \|\n\| 4 \| 33\\.5 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 167 \| 5605 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 5", "34\\.3 \|\n {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \|\n 178 \|\n 6109 \|\n 2006–2016 \|\n\| Qualification: 2000 balls. Last updated: 20 September 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Best career strike rate \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\\_career\\_strike\\_rate.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most hauls of four or more wickets in a match", "[Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes \"Chris Woakes\") is joint\\-twelfth on the list of most four\\-wicket hauls in ODIs, with Pakistan's [Waqar Younis](/wiki/Waqar_Younis \"Waqar Younis\") leading this category.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most Four\\-Wicket Hauls in a Career \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283818\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Four\\-wicket hauls \| Player \| Matches \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \|\n\| 3 \| 12 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \|\n\| 4 \| 10 \| {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \| 121 \| 2006–2016 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Adil\\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 138 \| 2009–2024 \|\n\| Last updated: 24 September 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most four\\-wicket hauls in an innings (and over) \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\\_4wi\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most five\\-wicket hauls in a match", "A [five\\-wicket haul](/wiki/Five-wicket_haul \"Five-wicket haul\") refers to a bowler taking five wickets in a single innings.{{cite book\\\|first\\=M. A.\\\|last\\=Pervez \\\|title\\=A Dictionary of Cricket \\\|publisher\\=Orient Blackswan\\\|year\\=2001\\\|page\\=31\\\|isbn\\=978\\-81\\-7370\\-184\\-9 \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=VwYsHe\\-F\\-IUC\\&pg\\=PA31}}\n[Chris Woakes](/wiki/Chris_Woakes \"Chris Woakes\") is the highest ranked Englishman on the list of most five\\-wicket hauls which is headed by Pakistan's [Waqar Younis](/wiki/Waqar_Younis \"Waqar Younis\") with 13 such hauls.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most Five\\-Wicket Hauls in a Career \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283826\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Five\\-wicket hauls \| Player \| Matches \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 3 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| 122 \| 2011–2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 2 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 194 \| 2002–2015 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Mark\\\|Ealham}} \| 64 \| 1996–2001 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Steven\\\|Finn}} \| 69 \| 2011–2017 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 138 \| 1999–2009 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 158 \| 1994–2006 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Vic\\\|Marks}} \| 34 \| 1980–1988 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Adil\\\|Rashid}}{{dagger}} \| 138 \| 2009–2024 \|\n\| Last updated: 24 September 2024{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most five\\-wicket hauls in a match \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\\_5wi\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best economy rates in an inning", "The best economy rate in an inning, when a minimum of 30 balls are delivered by the player, is West Indies player [Phil Simmons](/wiki/Phil_Simmons \"Phil Simmons\") economy of 0\\.30 during his spell of 3 runs for 4 wickets in 10 overs against Pakistan at [Sydney Cricket Ground](/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground \"Sydney Cricket Ground\") in the [1991–92 Australian Tri\\-Series](/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_Australian_Tri-Series \"1991–92 Australian Tri-Series\"). [Dermot Reeve](/wiki/Dermot_Reeve \"Dermot Reeve\") holds the English record during his spell in [1992 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup \"1992 Cricket World Cup\") game against Pakistan at Adelaide.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Best economy rates in an innings \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283293\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Economy \| Player \| Overs \| Runs \| Wickets \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|1\\\|0\\.40}} \| {{sortname\\\|Dermot\\\|Reeve}} \| 5 \| 2 \| 1 \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Adelaide Oval](/wiki/Adelaide_Oval \"Adelaide Oval\"), [Adelaide](/wiki/Adelaide \"Adelaide\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1992\\\|March\\\|1}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sort\\\|2\\\|0\\.62}} \| {{sortname\\\|Mike\\\|Hendrick}} \| 8 \| 5 \| 1 \| {{cr\\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1979\\\|June\\\|13}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|3\\\|0\\.80}} \| {{sortname\\\|Barry\\\|Wood\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 5 \| 4 \| 0 \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1975\\\|June\\\|7}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Old}} \| 10 \| 8 \| 4 \| {{cr\\\|CAN}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1979\\\|June\\\|13}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 5 \| {{sort\\\|5\\\|0\\.85}} \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Old}} \| 7 \| 6 \| 2 \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1978\\\|May\\\|24}} \|\n\| Qualification: 30 balls bowled. Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Best economy rates in an innings \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/best\\_economy\\_rate\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Best strike rates in an inning", "The best strike rate in an inning, when a minimum of 3 wickets are taken by the player, was achieved by [Ajay Jadeja](/wiki/Ajay_Jadeja \"Ajay Jadeja\") of India, who once achieved a strike rate of 2\\.0 balls per wicket.[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=bowling\\_strike\\_rate;qualmin1\\=3;qualval1\\=wickets;team\\=1;team\\=106;team\\=11;team\\=12;team\\=14;team\\=140;team\\=15;team\\=17;team\\=19;team\\=2;team\\=20;team\\=25;team\\=26;team\\=27;team\\=28;team\\=29;team\\=3;team\\=30;team\\=32;team\\=37;team\\=4;team\\=40;team\\=4058;team\\=4083;team\\=5;team\\=6;team\\=7;team\\=8;team\\=9;template\\=results;type\\=bowling;view\\=innings](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=bowling_strike_rate;qualmin1=3;qualval1=wickets;team=1;team=106;team=11;team=12;team=14;team=140;team=15;team=17;team=19;team=2;team=20;team=25;team=26;team=27;team=28;team=29;team=3;team=30;team=32;team=37;team=4;team=40;team=4058;team=4083;team=5;team=6;team=7;team=8;team=9;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings)", "", "\| Rank \| Strike rate \| Player \| Wickets \| Balls \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 4\\.2 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 4 \| 17 \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [County Ground](/wiki/Riverside_Ground \"Riverside Ground\"), [Chester\\-le\\-Street](/wiki/Chester-le-Street \"Chester-le-Street\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2008\\\|June\\\|15}} \|\n\| 2 \| 5\\.6 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 3 \| 17 \| {{cr\\\|ZIM}} \| [Bristol County Ground](/wiki/Bristol_County_Ground \"Bristol County Ground\"), [Bristol](/wiki/Bristol \"Bristol\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2003\\\|July\\\|6}} \|\n\| 3 \| 6\\.0 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 5 \| 30 \| {{cr\\\|WIN}} \| [Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Darren_Sammy_National_Cricket_Stadium \"Darren Sammy National Cricket Stadium\"), [Gros Islet](/wiki/Gros_Islet \"Gros Islet\"), Saint Lucia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2009\\\|April\\\|3}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Owais\\\|Shah}} \| 3 \| 18 \| {{cr\\\|IRE}} \| [Stormont](/wiki/Stormont_%28cricket_ground%29 \"Stormont (cricket ground)\"), [Belfast](/wiki/Belfast \"Belfast\"), Northern Ireland \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2009\\\|August\\\|27}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Tredwell}} \| 4 \| 24 \| {{cr\\\|SCO}} \| [Mannofield Park](/wiki/Mannofield_Park \"Mannofield Park\"), [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen \"Aberdeen\"), Scotland \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2014\\\|May\\\|9}} \|\n\| Last updated: 20 September 2024[https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=bowling\\_strike\\_rate;qualmin1\\=3;qualval1\\=wickets;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=bowling;view\\=innings](https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;orderby=bowling_strike_rate;qualmin1=3;qualval1=wickets;team=1;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings) \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Worst figures in an innings", "The worst figures in an ODI came in the [5th One Day International](/wiki/Australia_in_South_Africa%2C_5th_ODI%2C_2006 \"Australia in South Africa, 5th ODI, 2006\") between South Africa at home to Australia in 2006\\. Australia's [Mick Lewis](/wiki/Mick_Lewis \"Mick Lewis\") returned figures of 0/113 from his 10 overs in the second innings of the match.{{cite web \\\|url\\=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/cricket/story/0,,1729415,00\\.html \\\|work\\=The Guardian\\\|title\\=South Africa shatter Australia with record 438\\-run winning chase \\\|date\\=13 March 2006 \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Worst bowling figures in an innings \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=conceded;qualmax1\\=0;qualmin1\\=0;qualval1\\=wickets;size\\=200;template\\=results;type\\=bowling;view\\=innings \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} The worst figures by an English is 0/97 that came off the bowling of [Steve Harmison](/wiki/Steve_Harmison \"Steve Harmison\") in the [2006 ODI Series](/wiki/Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_England_in_2006 \"Sri Lankan cricket team in England in 2006\") against Sri Lanka at Headingley, Leeds.", "", "\| Rank \| Figures \| Player \| Overs \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|1\\\|0/98}} \| {{sortname\\\|Sam\\\|Curran}} \| 9\\.5 \| {{cr\\\|WIN}} \| [Sir Vivian Richards Stadium](/wiki/Sir_Vivian_Richards_Stadium \"Sir Vivian Richards Stadium\"), [Antigua](/wiki/Antigua \"Antigua\"), Antigua and Barbuda \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2023\\\|December\\\|3}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sort\\\|2\\\|0/97}} \| {{sortname\\\|Steve\\\|Harmison}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|SRI}} \| [Headingley](/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground \"Headingley Cricket Ground\"), [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds \"Leeds\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2006\\\|July\\\|1}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|3\\\|0/91}} \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\\|WIN}} \| [National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/National_Cricket_Stadium_%28Grenada%29 \"National Cricket Stadium (Grenada)\"), [St. George's](/wiki/St._George%27s%2C_Grenada \"St. George's, Grenada\"), Grenada \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2019\\\|February\\\|27}} \|\n\| 4 \| {{sort\\\|4\\\|0/89}} \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [WACA](/wiki/WACA_Ground \"WACA Ground\"), [Perth](/wiki/Perth \"Perth\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2015\\\|February\\\|1}} \|\n\| 5 \| {{sort\\\|5\\\|0/87}} \| {{sortname\\\|Jade\\\|Dernbach}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 \"Rose Bowl (cricket ground)\"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton \"Southampton\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2013\\\|June\\\|2}} \|\n\| Last updated: 20 September 2024{{cite web \\\|title\\=English Most Runs Conceded \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=conceded;qualmax1\\=0;qualmin1\\=0;qualval1\\=wickets;size\\=200;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=bowling;view\\=innings \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most runs conceded in a match", "Mick Lewis also holds the dubious distinction of most runs conceded in an ODI during the aforementioned match. Harmison in the above\\-mentioned spell holds the English record.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most runs conceded in a match \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/102992\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Figures \| Player \| Overs \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|1\\\|0/97}} \| {{sortname\\\|Steve\\\|Harmison}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|SRI}} \| [Headingley](/wiki/Headingley_Cricket_Ground \"Headingley Cricket Ground\"), [Leeds](/wiki/Leeds \"Leeds\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2006\\\|July\\\|1}} \|\n\| {{sort\\\|1\\\|1/97}} \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Jordan\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 9 \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2015\\\|June\\\|12}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|3\\\|1/94}} \| {{sortname\\\|Jake\\\|Ball\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|WIN}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 \"Rose Bowl (cricket ground)\"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton \"Southampton\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2017\\\|September\\\|29}} \|\n\| 4 \| {{sort\\\|4\\\|1/91}} \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Sydney Cricket Ground](/wiki/Sydney_Cricket_Ground \"Sydney Cricket Ground\"), [Sydney](/wiki/Sydney \"Sydney\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2011\\\|February\\\|2}} \|\n\| 9\\.5 \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [M. Chinnaswamy Stadium](/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy_Stadium \"M. Chinnaswamy Stadium\"), [Bangalore](/wiki/Bangalore \"Bangalore\"), India \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2011\\\|February\\\|27}} {{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| {{sort\\\|5\\\|2/91}} \| {{sortname\\\|Liam\\\|Plunkett}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Barabati Stadium](/wiki/Barabati_Stadium \"Barabati Stadium\"), [Cuttack](/wiki/Cuttack \"Cuttack\"), India \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2017\\\|January\\\|19}} \|\n\| {{sort\\\|6\\\|0/91}} \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} {{dagger}} \| 10 \| {{cr\\\|WIN}} \| [National Cricket Stadium](/wiki/National_Cricket_Stadium_%28Grenada%29 \"National Cricket Stadium (Grenada)\"), [St. George's](/wiki/St._George%27s%2C_Grenada \"St. George's, Grenada\"), Grenada \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2019\\\|February\\\|27}} \|\n\| Last updated:1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most runs conceded in a match \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\\_runs\\_conceded\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most wickets in a calendar year", "Pakistan's [Saqlain Mushtaq](/wiki/Saqlain_Mushtaq \"Saqlain Mushtaq\") holds the record for most wickets taken in a year when he took 69 wickets in 1997 in 36 ODIs. England's [John Emburey](/wiki/John_Emburey \"John Emburey\") is the highest English bowler on the list having taken 43 wickets in 1987\\.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most wickets in a calendar year \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283219\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Year \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 43 \| {{sortname\\\|John\\\|Emburey}} \| 31 \| 1987 \|\n\| 2 \| 42 \| {{sortname\\\|Adil\\\|Rashid}} \| 24 \| 2018 \|\n\| 3 \| 41 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 24 \| 2003 \|\n\| 4 \| 39 \| {{sortname\\\|Phillip\\\|DeFreitas}} \| 30 \| 1987 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 28 \| 2007 \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most wickets in a calendar year \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=wickets;size\\=5;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=bowling;view\\=year \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most wickets in a series", "[1998–99 Carlton and United Series](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Carlton_and_United_Series \"1998–99 Carlton and United Series\") involving Australia, England and Sri Lanka and the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup \"2019 Cricket World Cup\") saw the records set for the most wickets taken by a bowler in an ODI series when Australian [pacemen](/wiki/Pace_bowling \"Pace bowling\") [Glenn McGrath](/wiki/Glenn_McGrath \"Glenn McGrath\") and [Mitchell Starc](/wiki/Mitchell_Starc \"Mitchell Starc\") achieved a total of 27 wickets during the series, respectively. England's [Jofra Archer](/wiki/Jofra_Archer \"Jofra Archer\") is joint 26th with his 20 wickets taken during the [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup \"2019 Cricket World Cup\").{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most wickets in a series \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283967\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Wickets \| Player \| Matches \| Series \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 20 \| {{sortname\\\|Jofra\\\|Archer}} \| 11 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| 2 \| 18 \| {{sortname\\\|Darren\\\|Gough}} \| 12 \| {{sort\\\|1999\\\|\\[\\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Mark\\\|Wood\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| 4 \| 17 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Botham}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|1983\\\|\\[\\[1982–83 Australian Tri\\-Series]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Phillip\\\|DeFreitas}} \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|1987\\\|\\[\\[1986–87 Australian Tri\\-Series]]}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most wickets in a series \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most\\_wickets\\_series.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Hat\\-trick", "In [cricket](/wiki/Cricket \"Cricket\"), a hat\\-trick occurs when a bowler [takes three wickets](/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29 \"Dismissal (cricket)\") with consecutive [deliveries](/wiki/Delivery_%28cricket%29 \"Delivery (cricket)\"). The deliveries may be interrupted by an [over](/wiki/Over_%28cricket%29 \"Over (cricket)\") bowled by another bowler from the other end of the [pitch](/wiki/Cricket_pitch \"Cricket pitch\"), but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler in the same match. Only [wickets](/wiki/Wickets%23Dismissing_a_batsman \"Wickets#Dismissing a batsman\") attributed to the bowler count towards a hat\\-trick; run outs do not count.\nIn ODI history there have been just [49 hat\\-tricks](/wiki/List_of_One_Day_International_cricket_hat-tricks \"List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks\"), the first achieved by [Jalal\\-ud\\-Din](/wiki/Jalal-ud-Din_%28cricketer%29 \"Jalal-ud-Din (cricketer)\") for [Pakistan](/wiki/Pakistan_national_cricket_team \"Pakistan national cricket team\") against [Australia](/wiki/Australia_cricket_team \"Australia cricket team\") in 1982\\.", "", "\| No. \| Bowler \| Against \| Dismissals \| Venue \| Date \| Ref. \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|James Anderson (cricketer)}}", "{{cr\\\|PAK}} \| • [Abdul Razzaq](/wiki/Abdul_Razzaq_%28Pakistani_cricket_player%29 \"Abdul Razzaq (Pakistani cricket player)\") ([c](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") [Marcus Trescothick](/wiki/Marcus_Trescothick \"Marcus Trescothick\")) • [Shoaib Akhtar](/wiki/Shoaib_Akhtar \"Shoaib Akhtar\") ([c](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") {{dagger}}[Chris Read](/wiki/Chris_Read \"Chris Read\")) • [Mohammad Sami](/wiki/Mohammad_Sami \"Mohammad Sami\") ([b](/wiki/Bowled \"Bowled\")) \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), London \| {{dts\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2003\\\|6\\\|20}} \| {{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65030\\.html\\\|title\\=2nd Match: England v Pakistan at The Oval, Jun 20, 2003\\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\\|access\\-date\\=11 July 2009}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}}", "{{cr\\\|WIN}} \| • [Denesh Ramdin](/wiki/Denesh_Ramdin \"Denesh Ramdin\") ([b](/wiki/Bowled \"Bowled\")) • [Ravi Rampaul](/wiki/Ravi_Rampaul \"Ravi Rampaul\") ([lbw](/wiki/Leg_before_wicket \"Leg before wicket\")) • [Sulieman Benn](/wiki/Sulieman_Benn \"Sulieman Benn\") ([b](/wiki/Bowled \"Bowled\")) \| [Beausejour Stadium](/wiki/Beausejour_Stadium \"Beausejour Stadium\"), [Gros Islet](/wiki/Gros_Islet_Quarter \"Gros Islet Quarter\"), Saint Lucia \| {{dts\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2009\\\|4\\\|3}} \| {{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.cricinfo.com/wiveng2009/engine/match/352669\\.html\\\|title\\=5th ODI: West Indies v England at Gros Islet, Apr 3, 2009\\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\\|access\\-date\\=11 July 2009}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sortname\\\|Steven\\\|Finn}}", "{{cr\\\|AUS}} \| • [Brad Haddin](/wiki/Brad_Haddin \"Brad Haddin\") ([c](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") [Stuart Broad](/wiki/Stuart_Broad \"Stuart Broad\")) • [Glenn Maxwell](/wiki/Glenn_Maxwell \"Glenn Maxwell\") ([c](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\")) • [Mitchell Johnson](/wiki/Mitchell_Johnson_%28cricketer%29 \"Mitchell Johnson (cricketer)\") ([c](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") [James Anderson](/wiki/James_Anderson_%28cricketer%29 \"James Anderson (cricketer)\")) \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\") \| {{nowrap\\\|{{dts\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2015\\\|2\\\|14}} {{double\\-dagger}}}} \| {{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc\\-cricket\\-world\\-cup–2015/engine/match/656401\\.html\\\|title\\=ICC Cricket World Cup, 2nd Match, Pool A: Australia v England at Melbourne, Feb 14, 2015\\\|publisher \\= \\[\\[ESPNcricinfo]]\\\|access\\-date\\=14 February 2015}} \|", "### Wicket\\-keeping records", "The [wicket\\-keeper](/wiki/Wicket-keeper \"Wicket-keeper\") is a specialist [fielder](/wiki/Fielding_%28cricket%29 \"Fielding (cricket)\") who stands behind the [stumps](/wiki/Stump_%28cricket%29 \"Stump (cricket)\") being guarded by the batsman on [strike](/wiki/Strike_%28cricket%29 \"Strike (cricket)\") and is the only member of the fielding side allowed to wear gloves and leg pads.{{cite web \\\|title\\=Law 27 – The wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\\-wicket\\-keeper \\\|publisher\\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\\|access\\-date\\=29 December 2018 \\\|url\\-status\\=live\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232954/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\\-wicket\\-keeper\\\|archive\\-date\\=29 December 2018}}", "#### Most career dismissals", "A wicket\\-keeper can be credited with the dismissal of a batsman in two ways, [caught](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") or [stumped](/wiki/Stumped \"Stumped\"). A fair catch is taken when the [ball](/wiki/Cricket_ball \"Cricket ball\") is caught fully within the field of play without it bouncing after the ball has touched the striker's [bat](/wiki/Cricket_bat \"Cricket bat\") or glove holding the bat,{{cite web \\\|title\\=Law 33 – Caught \\\|url\\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/caught \\\|publisher\\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}{{cite web \\\|title\\=Law 5 – The Bat \\\|url\\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/the\\-bat \\\|publisher\\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} Laws 5\\.6\\.2\\.2 and 5\\.6\\.2\\.3 state that the hand or the glove holding the bat shall be regarded as the ball striking or touching the bat while a stumping occurs when the wicket\\-keeper puts down the wicket while the batsman is out of his [ground](/wiki/Crease_%28cricket%29 \"Crease (cricket)\") and not attempting a run.{{cite web \\\|title\\=Law 39 – Stumped \\\|url\\=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws/stumped \\\|publisher\\=Marylebone Cricket Club \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}\nCurrent England wicket\\-keeper [Jos Buttler](/wiki/Jos_Buttler \"Jos Buttler\") has made the seventh\\-most dismissals in ODIs as a designated wicket\\-keeper, with Sri Lanka's [Kumar Sangakkara](/wiki/Kumar_Sangakkara \"Kumar Sangakkara\") and Australian [Adam Gilchrist](/wiki/Adam_Gilchrist \"Adam Gilchrist\") heading the list.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper dismissals \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283792\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 254 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\\-2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 163 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\\-2003 \|\n\| 3 \| 77 \| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\\-2011 \|\n\| 4 \| 72 \| {{sortname\\\|Geraint\\\|Jones}} \| 49 \| 49 \| 2004\\-2006 \|\n\| 5 \| 64 \| {{sortname\\\|Craig\\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\\-2013 \|\n\| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper career dismissals \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\\_dismissals\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most career catches", "Buttler is eighth on the list of most catches in ODIs as a designated wicket\\-keeper.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper catches \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283817\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=18 July 2022}}", "", "\| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 218 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} {{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\\-2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 148 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\\-2003 \|\n\| 3 \| 69 \| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\\-2011 \|\n\| 4 \| 68 \| {{sortname\\\|Geraint\\\|Jones}} \| 49 \| 49 \| 2004\\-2006 \|\n\| 5 \| 52 \| {{sortname\\\|Craig\\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\\-2013 \|\n\| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper career catches \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\\_catches\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=18 July 2022}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most career stumpings", "Buttler is ranked 10th in stumpings, in a list headed by [MS Dhoni](/wiki/MS_Dhoni \"MS Dhoni\") of India followed by Sri Lankans Sangakkara and [Romesh Kaluwitharana](/wiki/Romesh_Kaluwitharana \"Romesh Kaluwitharana\").{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper career stumpings \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283339\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=18 July 2022}}", "", "\| Rank \| Stumpings \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 36 \| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}}{{dagger}} \| 175 \| 170 \| 2012\\-2023 \|\n\| 2 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| 170 \| 137 \| 1989\\-2003 \|\n\| 3 \| 12 \| {{sortname\\\|Craig\\\|Kieswetter}} \| 46 \| 42 \| 2010\\-2013 \|\n\| 4 \| 8 \| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| 68 \| 56 \| 2004\\-2011 \|\n\| 5 \| 7 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Foster\\\|dab\\=cricketer, born 1980}} \| 11 \| 11 \| 2001\\-2002 \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most wicket\\-keeper career stumpings \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\\_stumpings\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most dismissals in an innings", "Ten wicket\\-keepers on 15 occasions have taken six dismissals in a single innings in an ODI. [Adam Gilchrist](/wiki/Adam_Gilchrist \"Adam Gilchrist\") of Australia alone has done it six times. Buttler, Stewart and Prior have also achieved this feat once in their career.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283803\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 6 \| {{sortname\\\|Alec\\\|Stewart}} \| {{cr\\\|ZIM}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2000\\\|July\\\|13}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| {{cr\\\|RSA}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2008\\\|August\\\|26}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\\|RSA}} \| [The Oval](/wiki/The_Oval \"The Oval\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2013\\\|June\\\|19}} \|\n\| 4 \| 5 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Read}} \| {{cr\\\|RSA}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2003\\\|July\\\|12}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Geraint\\\|Jones}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston_Cricket_Ground \"Edgbaston Cricket Ground\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2005\\\|June\\\|28}} \|\n\| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2005\\\|July\\\|2}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Craig\\\|Kieswetter}} \| {{cr\\\|RSA}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2012\\\|September\\\|2}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Rose Bowl](/wiki/Rose_Bowl_%28cricket_ground%29 \"Rose Bowl (cricket ground)\"), [Southampton](/wiki/Southampton \"Southampton\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2013\\\|September\\\|16}} \|\n\| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [WACA](/wiki/WACA_Ground \"WACA Ground\"), [Perth](/wiki/Perth \"Perth\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2014\\\|January\\\|24}} \|\n\| {{cr\\\|IND}} \| [Brisbane Cricket Ground](/wiki/The_Gabba \"The Gabba\"), [Brisbane](/wiki/Brisbane \"Brisbane\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2015\\\|January\\\|20}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|John\\\|Simpson\\\|dab\\=English cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2021\\\|July\\\|10}} \|\n\| Last updated: 10 July 2021{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\\_dismissals\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most dismissals in a series", "Gilchrist also holds the ODIs record for the most dismissals taken by a wicket\\-keeper in a series. He made 27 dismissals during the [1998\\-99 Carlton \\& United Series](/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Carlton_and_United_Series \"1998–99 Carlton and United Series\"). English record is held by [Geraint Jones](/wiki/Geraint_Jones \"Geraint Jones\") when he made 20 dismissals during the [2005 Natwest Series](/wiki/One-Day_Internationals_in_England_in_2005%23Natwest_Series \"One-Day Internationals in England in 2005#Natwest Series\").{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283368\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 20 \| {{sortname\\\|Geraint\\\|Jones}} \| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\\|2005\\\|\\[\\[One\\-Day Internationals in England in 2005\\#Natwest Series\\\|2005 Natwest Series]]}} \|\n\| 2 \| 15 \| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|\\[\\[Indian cricket team in England in 2007]]}} \|\n\| 3 \| 14 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Nixon}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|\\[\\[2006–07 Commonwealth Bank Series]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Matt\\\|Prior}} \| 5 \| 5 \| {{sort\\\|2008\\\|\\[\\[South African cricket team in England in 2008]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Jos\\\|Buttler}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in a series by a wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/keeping/most\\_dismissals\\_series.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "### Fielding records", "#### Most career catches", "[Caught](/wiki/Caught \"Caught\") is one of the nine methods a batsman can be [dismissed](/wiki/Dismissal_%28cricket%29 \"Dismissal (cricket)\") in cricket.{{efn\\\|In 2017, ''The Laws of Cricket'' were amended, reducing the methods of dismissals from ten to nine, with \\[\\[handled the ball]] now covered as part of \\[\\[obstructing the field]].{{cite news \\\|title\\=The new cricket rule changes coming into effect from 28 September \\\|url\\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/\\_/id/20822607/the\\-new\\-cricket\\-rule\\-changes\\-coming\\-effect\\-september\\-28 \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|date\\=26 September 2017 \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}}} The majority of catches are caught in the [slips](/wiki/Slip_%28cricket%29 \"Slip (cricket)\"), located behind the batsman, next to the wicket\\-keeper, on the [off side](/wiki/Off_side \"Off side\") of the field. Most slip fielders are [top order](/wiki/Batting_order_%28cricket%29 \"Batting order (cricket)\") batsmen.{{cite book\\\|first1\\=S.\\\|last1\\=Giridhar\\\|first2\\=V. J.\\\|last2\\= Raghunath\\\|year\\=2014 \\\|title\\=Mid\\-Wicket Tales: From Trumper to Tendulkar \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=IPwjBAAAQBAJ\\&pg\\=PA2 \\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[SAGE Publications]]\\\|page\\=2\\\|isbn\\=978\\-81\\-321\\-1738\\-4 \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}{{cite magazine\\\|first\\=Mike\\\|last\\=Selvey\\\|author\\-link\\=Mike Selvey \\\|title\\=The greatest slip catcher \\\|url\\=http://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/863595/the\\-greatest\\-slip\\-catcher\\\|magazine\\=The Cricket Monthly \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|date\\=May 2015 \\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "Sri Lanka's [Mahela Jayawardene](/wiki/Mahela_Jayawardene \"Mahela Jayawardene\") holds the record for the most catches in ODIs by a non\\-wicket\\-keeper with 218, followed by [Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting \"Ricky Ponting\") of Australia on 160 and Indian [Mohammad Azharuddin](/wiki/Mohammad_Azharuddin \"Mohammad Azharuddin\") with 156\\.[Paul Collingwood](/wiki/Paul_Collingwood \"Paul Collingwood\") is the leading catcher for England.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most career catches by a non wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283651\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 108 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 197 \| 2001–2011 \|\n\| 2 \| 84 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}}{{dagger}} \| 168 \| 2013–2023 \|\n\| 3 \| 75 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 225 \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 4 \| 64 \| {{sortname\\\|Graeme\\\|Hick}} \| 120 \| 1991–2001 \|\n\| 5 \| 57 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Strauss}} \| 127 \| 2003–2011 \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 29 October 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most career catches by a non wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\\_catches\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most catches in an innings", "South Africa's [Jonty Rhodes](/wiki/Jonty_Rhodes \"Jonty Rhodes\") is the only fielder to have taken five catches in an innings.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a non\\-wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283642\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} The feat of taking 4 catches in an innings has been achieved by 42 fielders on 44 occasions, with Chris Woakes being the only England fielder to do so.{{cite news \\\|title\\=Fielders who have taken four catches in an innings in an ODI \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;keeper\\=0;orderby\\=caught;qualmax1\\=4;qualmin1\\=4;qualval1\\=caught;size\\=200;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=fielding;view\\=innings \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Dismissals \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 4 \| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}}{{dagger}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Trent Bridge](/wiki/Trent_Bridge \"Trent Bridge\"), [Nottingham](/wiki/Nottingham \"Nottingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2019\\\|June\\\|3}}{{double\\-dagger}} \|\n\| 2 \| 3 \| 27 players \| on a total of 39 occasions \| \| \|\n\| Last updated: 29 June 2021{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most dismissals in an innings by a non\\-wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\\_catches\\_innings.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Most catches in a series", "The [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup \"2019 Cricket World Cup\"), which was won by England for the first time,{{cite news \\\|title\\=Epic final tied, Super Over tied, England win World Cup on boundary count \\\|url\\=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8039/report/1144530/england\\-vs\\-new\\-zealand\\-final\\-icc\\-cricket\\-world\\-cup\\-2019 \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} saw the record set for the most catches taken by a non\\-wicket\\-keeper in an ODI series. Englishman [batsman](/wiki/Batting_%28cricket%29 \"Batting (cricket)\") and [captain](/wiki/Captain_%28cricket%29 \"Captain (cricket)\") of the [England Test team](/wiki/England_cricket_team \"England cricket team\") [Joe Root](/wiki/Joe_Root \"Joe Root\") took 13 catches in the series as well as scored 556 runs.{{cite news \\\|title\\=2019 cricket World Cup – Most runs \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most\\_runs\\_career.html?id\\=12357;type\\=tournament \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283630\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Catches \| Player \| Matches \| Innings \| Series \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 13 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| 2 \| 8 \| {{sortname\\\|Nasser\\\|Hussain}} \| 10 \| 10 \| {{sort\\\|1999\\\|\\[\\[1998–99 Carlton and United Series]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 9 \| 9 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|\\[\\[2007 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\| 7 \| 7 \| {{sort\\\|2007\\\|\\[\\[Indian cricket team in England in 2007]]}} \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} \| 11 \| 11 \| {{sort\\\|2019\\\|\\[\\[2019 Cricket World Cup]]}} \|\n\|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most catches in a series by a non wicket\\-keeper \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/fielding/most\\_catches\\_series.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "### All\\-round records", "#### 1000 runs and 100 wickets", "A total of 67 players have achieved the double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets in their ODI career.{{cite web \\\|title\\=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/282787\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Player \| Period \| Matches \| Runs \| Bat Avg \| Wickets \| Bowl Avg \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Botham}} \| 1976–1992 \| 116 \| 2,113 \| 23\\.21 \| 145 \| 28\\.54 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 2001–2011 \| 197 \| 5,092 \| 35\\.36 \| 111 \| 38\\.68 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Flintoff}} \| 1999–2009 \| 138 \| 3,293 \| 31\\.97 \| 168 \| 23\\.61 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Chris\\\|Woakes}} {{dagger}} \| 2011–2023 \| 114 \| 1,393 \| 24\\.43 \| 163 \| 30\\.03 \|\n\| {{sortname\\\|Moeen\\\|Ali}} \| 2014–2023 \| 132 \| 2,260 \| 24\\.83 \| 106 \| 47\\.76 \|\n\| Last updated: 21 September 2023{{cite web \\\|title\\=1000 Runs and 100 Wickets \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=allround\\_average;qualmin1\\=100;qualmin2\\=1000;qualval1\\=wickets;qualval2\\=runs;size\\=200;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=allround \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "### Other records", "#### Most career matches", "India's [Sachin Tendulkar](/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar \"Sachin Tendulkar\") holds the record for the most ODI matches played with 463, with former captains [Mahela Jayawardene](/wiki/Mahela_Jayawardene \"Mahela Jayawardene\") and [Sanath Jayasuriya](/wiki/Sanath_Jayasuriya \"Sanath Jayasuriya\") being second and third having represented Sri Lanka on 443 and 441 occasions, respectively. Eoin Morgan is the most experienced England player having represented the team on 225 occasions.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most career matches \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/223375\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Matches \| Player \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 225 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 2009–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| 197 \| {{sortname\\\|Paul\\\|Collingwood}} \| 2001–2011 \|\n\| 3 \| 194 \| {{sortname\\\|James\\\|Anderson\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| 2002–2015 \|\n\| 4 \| 175 \| [Jos Buttler](/wiki/Jos_Buttler \"Jos Buttler\")† \| 2012–2023 \|\n\| 5 \| 170 \| [Alec Stewart](/wiki/Alec_Stewart \"Alec Stewart\") \| 1989–2003 \|\n\| Last updated: 21 September 2023{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most career matches \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most\\_matches\\_career.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=21 September 2023}} \| \| \| \|", "#### Most consecutive career matches", "Tendulkar also holds the record for the most consecutive ODI matches played with 185\\. He broke [Richie Richardson](/wiki/Richie_Richardson \"Richie Richardson\")'s long standing record of 132 matches.{{cite news \\\|title\\=Most Consecutive ODI matches\\\| url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/128609\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Matches \| Player \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| 92 \| {{sortname\\\|Marcus\\\|Trescothick}} \| 2000–2004 \|\n\| 2 \| 74 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Strauss}} \| 2003–2007 \|\n\| 3 \| 67 \| {{sortname\\\|Ian\\\|Botham}} \| 1977–1984 \|\n\| 4 \| 66 \| {{sortname\\\|Joe\\\|Root}} \| 2017–2020 \|\n\| Last updated: 13 May 2021 \| \| \| \|", "#### Most matches as captain", "{{see also\\\|List of England cricket captains}}\n[Ricky Ponting](/wiki/Ricky_Ponting \"Ricky Ponting\"), who led the Australian cricket team from 2002 to 2012, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in ODIs with 230 (including 1 as captain of ICC World XI team). [2019 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/2019_Cricket_World_Cup \"2019 Cricket World Cup\") winning skipper Eoin Morgan has led England in 126 matches.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Most matches as captain \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283747\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=14 September 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Player \| Matches \| Won \| Lost \| Tied \| NR \| Win % \| Period \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sortname\\\|Eoin\\\|Morgan}} \| 126 \| 76 \| 40 \| 2 \| 8 \| 65\\.25 \| 2011–2022 \|\n\| 2 \| {{sortname\\\|Alastair\\\|Cook}} \| 69 \| 36 \| 30 \| 1 \| 2 \| 54\\.47 \| 2010–2014 \|\n\| 3 \| {{sortname\\\|Andrew\\\|Strauss}} \| 62 \| 27 \| 33 \| 1 \| 1 \| 45\\.08 \| 2006–2011 \|\n\| 4 \| {{sortname\\\|Michael\\\|Vaughan}} \| 60 \| 32 \| 22 \| 2 \| 4 \| 58\\.92 \| 2003–2007 \|\n\| 5 \| {{sortname\\\|Nasser\\\|Hussain}} \| 56 \| 28 \| 27 \| 0 \| 1 \| 50\\.90 \| 1997–2003 \|\n\| Last updated: 22 June 2022{{cite news \\\|title\\=England ODI Records – Most matches as captain \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/individual/most\\_matches\\_as\\_captain.html?class\\=2;id\\=1;type\\=team \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=13 May 2021}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Youngest players on debut", "The youngest player to play in an ODI match is claimed to be [Hasan Raza](/wiki/Hasan_Raza_%28cricketer%2C_born_1982%29 \"Hasan Raza (cricketer, born 1982)\") at the age of 14 years and 233 days. Making his debut for Pakistan [against Zimbabwe](/wiki/Zimbabwean_cricket_team_in_Pakistan_in_1996%E2%80%9397 \"Zimbabwean cricket team in Pakistan in 1996–97\") on 30 October 1996, there is some doubt as to the validity of Raza's age at the time.{{cite news \\\|title\\=A late starter \\\|url\\=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149397\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}} The youngest England player to play in an ODI was [Rehan Ahmed](/wiki/Rehan_Ahmed \"Rehan Ahmed\") who at the age of 18 years and 205 days debuted in the [third ODI of the series](/wiki/English_cricket_team_in_Bangladesh_in_2022-23 \"English cricket team in Bangladesh in 2022-23\") against Bangladesh in March 2023\\.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Youngest players \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283711\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|19195\\\|18 years and 205 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Rehan\\\|Ahmed}} \| {{cr\\\|BAN}} \| [Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium](/wiki/Zohur_Ahmed_Chowdhury_Stadium \"Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium\"), [Chattogram](/wiki/Chattogram \"Chattogram\"), Bangladesh \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2023\\\|March\\\|6}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sort\\\|19195\\\|19 years and 195 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Ben\\\|Hollioake}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Lord's](/wiki/Lord%27s \"Lord's\"), [London](/wiki/London \"London\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1997\\\|May\\\|25}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|20021\\\|20 years and 21 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Sam\\\|Curran}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2018\\\|June\\\|24}} \|\n\| 4 \| {{sort\\\|20067\\\|20 years and 67 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Stuart\\\|Broad}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Sophia Gardens](/wiki/Sophia_Gardens \"Sophia Gardens\"), [Cardiff](/wiki/Cardiff \"Cardiff\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2006\\\|August\\\|30}} \|\n\| 5 \| {{sort\\\|20082\\\|20 years and 82 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Ben\\\|Stokes}} \| {{cr\\\|IRE}} \| [Castle Avenue](/wiki/Castle_Avenue \"Castle Avenue\"), [Dublin](/wiki/Dublin \"Dublin\"), Ireland \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|2011\\\|August\\\|25}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;debut\\_or\\_last\\=1;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=age;orderbyad\\=reverse;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting;view\\=innings \\\| title\\= England – ODI Records – Youngest Players on debut \\\| publisher\\= ESPNcricinfo\\\| access\\-date \\= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Oldest players on debut", "The Netherlands batsmen [Nolan Clarke](/wiki/Nolan_Clarke \"Nolan Clarke\") is the oldest player to appear in an ODI match. Playing in the [1996 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup \"1996 Cricket World Cup\") against New Zealand in 1996 at [Reliance Stadium](/wiki/Reliance_Stadium \"Reliance Stadium\") in [Vadodara](/wiki/Vadodara \"Vadodara\"), England he was aged 47 years and 240 days. [Norman Gifford](/wiki/Norman_Gifford \"Norman Gifford\") is the oldest English ODI debutant when he played for England during the [1984–85 Four\\-Nations Cup](/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Four-Nations_Cup \"1984–85 Four-Nations Cup\") at the [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium \"Sharjah Cricket Stadium\"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 \"Sharjah (city)\"), United Arab Emirates.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Oldest debutants \\\|url\\=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283461\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|44359\\\|44 years and 359 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Norman\\\|Gifford}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium \"Sharjah Cricket Stadium\"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 \"Sharjah (city)\"), United Arab Emirates \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1985\\\|March\\\|24}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sort\\\|42104\\\|42 years and 104 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Fred\\\|Titmus}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Carisbrook](/wiki/Carisbrook \"Carisbrook\"), [Dunedin](/wiki/Dunedin \"Dunedin\"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1975\\\|March\\\|8}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|41182\\\|41 years and 182 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Brian\\\|Close}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Old Trafford](/wiki/Old_Trafford_Cricket_Ground \"Old Trafford Cricket Ground\"), [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester \"Manchester\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1972\\\|August\\\|24}} \|\n\| 4 \| {{sort\\\|39093\\\|39 years and 93 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Basil\\\|D'Oliveira}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Melbourne Cricket Ground](/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground \"Melbourne Cricket Ground\"), [Melbourne](/wiki/Melbourne \"Melbourne\"), Australia \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1971\\\|January\\\|5}} \|\n\| 5 \| {{sort\\\|38211\\\|38 years and 211 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Ray\\\|Illingworth}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;debut\\_or\\_last\\=1;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=age;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting;view\\=innings \\\| title\\= England – ODI Records – Oldest Players on debut \\\| publisher\\= ESPNcricinfo\\\| access\\-date \\= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "#### Oldest players", "The Netherlands batsmen [Nolan Clarke](/wiki/Nolan_Clarke \"Nolan Clarke\") is the oldest player to appear in an ODI match. Playing in the [1996 Cricket World Cup](/wiki/1996_Cricket_World_Cup \"1996 Cricket World Cup\") against South Africa in 1996 at [Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Rawalpindi_Cricket_Stadium \"Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium\") in [Rawalpindi](/wiki/Rawalpindi \"Rawalpindi\"), Pakistan he was aged 47 years and 257 days.{{cite news \\\|title\\=ODI Records – Oldest players \\\|url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283723\\.html \\\|publisher\\=ESPNcricinfo\\\|access\\-date\\=1 July 2020}}", "", "\| Rank \| Age \| Player \| Opposition \| Venue \| Date \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| 1 \| {{sort\\\|44361\\\|44 years and 361 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Norman\\\|Gifford}} \| {{cr\\\|PAK}} \| [Sharjah Cricket Stadium](/wiki/Sharjah_Cricket_Stadium \"Sharjah Cricket Stadium\"), [Sharjah](/wiki/Sharjah_%28city%29 \"Sharjah (city)\"), United Arab Emirates \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1985\\\|March\\\|26}} \|\n\| 2 \| {{sort\\\|42223\\\|42 years and 223 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Bob\\\|Taylor\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Eden Park](/wiki/Eden_Park \"Eden Park\"), [Auckland](/wiki/Auckland \"Auckland\"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1984\\\|February\\\|25}} \|\n\| 3 \| {{sort\\\|42105\\\|42 years and 105 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Fred\\\|Titmus}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Basin Reserve](/wiki/Basin_Reserve \"Basin Reserve\"), [Wellington](/wiki/Wellington \"Wellington\"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1975\\\|March\\\|9}} \|\n\| 4 \| {{sort\\\|41354\\\|41 years and 354 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Eddie\\\|Hemmings\\\|dab\\=cricketer}} \| {{cr\\\|NZ}} \| [Lancaster Park](/wiki/Lancaster_Park \"Lancaster Park\"), [Christchurch](/wiki/Christchurch \"Christchurch\"), New Zealand \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1991\\\|February\\\|9}} \|\n\| 5 \| {{sort\\\|41186\\\|41 years and 186 days}} \| {{sortname\\\|Brian\\\|Close}} \| {{cr\\\|AUS}} \| [Edgbaston](/wiki/Edgbaston \"Edgbaston\"), [Birmingham](/wiki/Birmingham \"Birmingham\"), England \| {{dts\\\|nowrap\\=off\\\|format\\=dmy\\\|1972\\\|August\\\|28}} \|\n\| Last updated: 1 July 2020{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class\\=2;debut\\_or\\_last\\=2;filter\\=advanced;orderby\\=age;team\\=1;template\\=results;type\\=batting;view\\=innings \\\| title\\= England – ODI Records – Oldest Players \\\| publisher\\= ESPNcricinfo\\\| access\\-date \\= 1 July 2020}} \| \| \| \| \| \|", "" ]
Performance ----------- Without the S\-II stage, which made up a large fraction of the mass of the Saturn V, a version of the INT\-20 using an unmodified five\-engine version of the S\-IC booster would be greatly overpowered and accelerate substantially faster than the Saturn V. This would create excessive aerodynamic stress in the low atmosphere. Several solutions to this problem were considered. Using the original five\-engine S\-IC would require three engines to be shut down 88 seconds after launch, with the remainder of the first\-stage flight flown on only two engines. This meant that a considerable amount of the firing time would be carrying three engines of "dead weight". As a consequence the extra payload over a four\-engine variant would only have been about one thousand pounds, and the extra cost and complexity of the fifth engine was unjustified. A four\-engine variant would launch with four engines firing and shut down two engines 146 seconds after launch. The remaining two engines would burn until first\-stage shutdown 212 seconds after launch. This variant could put approximately {{convert\\|132000\\|lbs\\|kg}} into a 100 [nautical mile](/wiki/Nautical_mile "Nautical mile") (185 km or 115 statute mile) orbit, versus around {{convert\\|250000\\|lbs\\|kg}} for the three\-stage Saturn V. The three\-engine variant would burn all three engines up to first\-stage shutdown at 146 seconds after launch. This variant could put approximately {{convert\\|78000\\|lbs\\|kg}} of payload into a 100 nautical mile (185 km) orbit, around 2\.5 times the useful payload of the Saturn IB. Both three\- and four\-engine variants would therefore have provided useful payload capacities ([Saturn C\-3](/wiki/Saturn_C-3 "Saturn C-3")) intermediate between the Saturn IB and Saturn V, and re\-using Saturn V components would reduce costs and simplify ground operations compared to building an entirely new launcher in that payload range.	[ "Performance\n-----------", "Without the S\\-II stage, which made up a large fraction of the mass of the Saturn V, a version of the INT\\-20 using an unmodified five\\-engine version of the S\\-IC booster would be greatly overpowered and accelerate substantially faster than the Saturn V. This would create excessive aerodynamic stress in the low atmosphere. Several solutions to this problem were considered.", "Using the original five\\-engine S\\-IC would require three engines to be shut down 88 seconds after launch, with the remainder of the first\\-stage flight flown on only two engines. This meant that a considerable amount of the firing time would be carrying three engines of \"dead weight\". As a consequence the extra payload over a four\\-engine variant would only have been about one thousand pounds, and the extra cost and complexity of the fifth engine was unjustified.", "A four\\-engine variant would launch with four engines firing and shut down two engines 146 seconds after launch. The remaining two engines would burn until first\\-stage shutdown 212 seconds after launch. This variant could put approximately {{convert\\\|132000\\\|lbs\\\|kg}} into a 100 [nautical mile](/wiki/Nautical_mile \"Nautical mile\") (185 km or 115 statute mile) orbit, versus around {{convert\\\|250000\\\|lbs\\\|kg}} for the three\\-stage Saturn V.", "The three\\-engine variant would burn all three engines up to first\\-stage shutdown at 146 seconds after launch. This variant could put approximately {{convert\\\|78000\\\|lbs\\\|kg}} of payload into a 100 nautical mile (185 km) orbit, around 2\\.5 times the useful payload of the Saturn IB.", "Both three\\- and four\\-engine variants would therefore have provided useful payload capacities ([Saturn C\\-3](/wiki/Saturn_C-3 \"Saturn C-3\")) intermediate between the Saturn IB and Saturn V, and re\\-using Saturn V components would reduce costs and simplify ground operations compared to building an entirely new launcher in that payload range.", "" ]
History ------- ### 2009–2010: Formation and debut album The Wanted were formed in 2009 through mass auditions held by Jayne Collins, who also put together [the Saturdays](/wiki/The_Saturdays "The Saturdays") and [Parade](/wiki/Parade_%28band%29 "Parade (band)").{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/the\-wanted\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630021308/http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/the\-wanted\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=30 June 2010\\|title\=MTV \> The Wanted\\|publisher\=MTV UK\\|access\-date\=2 September 2011}}{{cite interview\\|url\=http://voice21\.justyouth.org.uk/features/interview\-with\-the\-wanted/\\|title\=Interview with The Wanted\\|interviewer\=Leah Bargota\\|publisher\=Voice21\\|date\=26 November 2010\\|access\-date\=2 September 2011\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072417/http://voice21\.justyouth.org.uk/features/interview\-with\-the\-wanted/\\|archive\-date\=26 April 2012}} The audition process, which saw more than 1,000 people attend, took over nine months. Just George, Parker and Sykes were involved at the start, and Kaneswaran and McGuiness joined later through the process. The group revealed in their autobiography that after they were informed of the line\-up, seven more people were re\-auditioned before they were signed to Maximum Artist Management and Geffen Records. The group were credited with co\-writing five of the thirteen tracks on the album. On 25 July 2010, they released their debut single, "[All Time Low](/wiki/All_Time_Low_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "All Time Low (The Wanted song)")". The song was co\-written by [Steve Mac](/wiki/Steve_Mac "Steve Mac") (who also produced it), [Wayne Hector](/wiki/Wayne_Hector "Wayne Hector") and [Ed Drewett](/wiki/Ed_Drewett "Ed Drewett"). It hit number one in the UK and spent 17 weeks in the UK top 40\. The second single "[Heart Vacancy](/wiki/Heart_Vacancy "Heart Vacancy")", again written with Hector, was released on 17 October 2010\. It peaked at number two on the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart "UK Singles Chart"). The group's third single from the album was "[Lose My Mind](/wiki/Lose_My_Mind_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "Lose My Mind (The Wanted song)")", which reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart following a performance on [The X Factor](/wiki/The_X_Factor_%28British_TV_series%29 "The X Factor (British TV series)"). The group's eponymous debut album was released on 25 October 2010 and peaked at number four in the UK and has since been certified Platinum in the UK. Between 28 March and 15 April 2010, the group embarked on the fifteen\-date Behind Bars theatre tour, which saw them play in twelve UK cities. They were supported by [Lawson](/wiki/Lawson_%28band%29 "Lawson (band)"), [Twenty Twenty](/wiki/Twenty_Twenty_%28band%29 "Twenty Twenty (band)") and [Starboy Nathan](/wiki/Starboy_Nathan "Starboy Nathan"). ### 2011–2012: Battleground and The Wanted: The EP In January 2011, the group began to work on their second studio album. The album featured writing credits from the band members on ten of the fifteen tracks, and contributions from [Steve Mac](/wiki/Steve_Mac "Steve Mac"), [Wayne Hector](/wiki/Wayne_Hector "Wayne Hector"), [Ed Drewett](/wiki/Ed_Drewett "Ed Drewett"), [Diane Warren](/wiki/Diane_Warren "Diane Warren") and [Guy Chambers](/wiki/Guy_Chambers "Guy Chambers"). The album's lead single, "Gold Forever", was released in aid of [Comic Relief](/wiki/Comic_Relief "Comic Relief"){{cite interview\\|last\=George\\|first\=Max \\|url\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/interviews/a299892/the\-wanted.html\\|title\=The Wanted\\|interviewer\=Robert Copsey\\|work\=Digital Spy\\|date\=25 January 2011\\|access\-date\=3 September 2011}}{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/12415384\\|title\=The Wanted record official song for Comic Relief\\|publisher\=BBC\\|date\=10 February 2011\\|access\-date\=3 September 2011}} and debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart. In July 2011, the group released the album's second single, "[Glad You Came](/wiki/Glad_You_Came "Glad You Came")", which became their second number\-one single. It was number one for two weeks, and stayed in the top ten of the chart for six weeks. The single also reached number one in Ireland and remained there for five weeks. The song also charted in some European territories, and was very successful in Australia. The third single from the album, "Lightning", was released on 16 October 2011, peaking at number 2 in the UK and number 5 in Ireland. The fourth single, "[Warzone](/wiki/Warzone_%28song%29 "Warzone (song)")", was released on 26 December 2011, with the music video and radio debut coming in early November 2011\. On 7 November 2011, the group's second album [Battleground](/wiki/Battleground_%28The_Wanted_album%29 "Battleground (The Wanted album)") was released. It debuted at number 5 in the UK and number 4 in Ireland. It has since been certified Platinum in the UK. In addition to shows in the United Kingdom, including [T4 on the Beach](/wiki/T4_on_the_Beach "T4 on the Beach"), [V Festival](/wiki/V_Festival "V Festival"), and the [iTunes Festival](/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival "Apple Music Festival"), the group supported Canadian singer [Justin Bieber](/wiki/Justin_Bieber "Justin Bieber") in Brazil on 8 and 9 October 2011 and [Britney Spears](/wiki/Britney_Spears "Britney Spears") on her [Femme Fatale Tour](/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour "Femme Fatale Tour") at the [Manchester Evening News Arena](/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News_Arena "Manchester Evening News Arena") on 6 November 2011\. Between 15 February and 9 March 2012, the group embarked on "The Code" tour, to promote the release of the album. The 16\-date arena tour saw the group play in thirteen cities in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Northern Ireland. Known as \#TheCodeTour, each concert featured an interactive element that linked to the group's official [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") and [Twitter](/wiki/Twitter "Twitter") pages. In a bid to break into the United States market, the Wanted went on a short promotional radio and club tour of the United States, touring between 17 January to 8 February 2012\. The success of the 10\-date tour led to the group's official release of their debut American single, "Glad You Came". It peaked at number three on the [Billboard Hot 100](/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100 "Billboard Hot 100") and has since sold over 3 million copies there. Their debut American EP, [The Wanted: The EP](/wiki/The_Wanted_%28EP%29 "The Wanted (EP)"), was released in April 2012, debuting at number seven in the US and number eight in Canada. "[Chasing the Sun](/wiki/Chasing_the_Sun_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song)")" was released as the band's second official single there, peaking at number 50 on the BillboardHot 100 whilst also reaching number one on the [Hot Dance Club Songs](/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs "Hot Dance Club Songs") chart. "Chasing the Sun" was released on 21 May 2012\. On 22 May 2012, the band opened and performed at the first Q102's Springle Ball concert. On 14 June 2012 the band performed a concert at New York City's [Beacon Theatre](/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_%28New_York_City%29 "Beacon Theatre (New York City)"), which was also broadcast live on music television station [Fuse](/wiki/Fuse_%28TV_channel%29 "Fuse (TV channel)"). The group visited Australia and New Zealand for the promotion of their [extended play](/wiki/Extended_play "Extended play") in August 2012\.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.3news.co.nz/The\-Wanted\-coming\-to\-New\-Zealand/tabid/418/articleID/259962/Default.aspx\\|title\=The Wanted coming to New Zealand \\|publisher\=3 News\\|date\=3 July 2012\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112160155/http://www.3news.co.nz/The\-Wanted\-coming\-to\-New\-Zealand/tabid/418/articleID/259962/Default.aspx\\|archive\-date\=2013\-11\-12}} Following their promotional tour of Australia, the group headed to the US for a number of promotional concerts. ### 2012–2014: Word of Mouth, The Wanted Life and indefinite hiatus The Wanted began working on their third studio album shortly after the release of Battleground on 4 November 2011\. In May 2012, "[Chasing the Sun](/wiki/Chasing_the_Sun_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song)")" was released as the album's lead single, and the third single from the band's The Wanted: The EP in the United States. Around this time, the band also premiered a brand new track called "Satellite", which was co\-written by [Ryan Tedder](/wiki/Ryan_Tedder "Ryan Tedder") of [OneRepublic](/wiki/OneRepublic "OneRepublic"). In August 2012, the band filmed a music video in Los Angeles, reportedly for their brand new single, "[I Found You](/wiki/I_Found_You_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "I Found You (The Wanted song)")". However, when the video for "I Found You" was released in October 2012, it was a different one. The band later revealed that they had reshot the video in London, not being satisfied with the first one. The original was later released as the "fan version" on [Vevo](/wiki/Vevo "Vevo"). "I Found You" was released on 5 November 2012 as the album's second single.{{cite web\\|url\=http://idolator.com/6887992/the\-wanted\-i\-found\-you\\|title\=The Wanted's "I Found You": Hear Their New Single\\|last\=Daw\\|first\=Robbie\\|date\=7 September 2012\\|work\=Idolator\\|access\-date\=18 November 2012}} The band confirmed in September 2012 that the album would contain a number of collaborations, including tracks with [Pitbull](/wiki/Pitbull_%28rapper%29 "Pitbull (rapper)"), [LMFAO](/wiki/LMFAO "LMFAO"),{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1692284/the\-wanted\-lmfao\-album\-collabo.jhtml\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824012254/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1692284/the\-wanted\-lmfao\-album\-collabo.jhtml\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=24 August 2012\\|title\=The Wanted Tease 'Insane' LMFAO Collabos\\|last\=Garibaldi\\|first\=Christina \\|publisher\=MTV\\|date\=21 August 2012\\|access\-date\=18 November 2012}} [Chris Brown](/wiki/Chris_Brown "Chris Brown"), [Rita Ora](/wiki/Rita_Ora "Rita Ora"){{cite web\\|url\=http://www.heatworld.com/Entertainment/Music/2012/07/The\-Wanted\-Well\-turn\-down\-Rita\-Ora\-songs\-if\-theyre\-not\-good\-enough\-/\\|title\=The Wanted "We'll turn down Rita Ora songs if they're not good enough"\\|last\=Wilkinson\\|first\=Sophie\\|work\=heatworld.com\\|date\=2012\-07\-16\\|access\-date\=2012\-11\-18\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718064349/http://www.heatworld.com/Entertainment/Music/2012/07/The\-Wanted\-Well\-turn\-down\-Rita\-Ora\-songs\-if\-theyre\-not\-good\-enough\-/\\|archive\-date\=2012\-07\-18}} and [Dappy](/wiki/Dappy "Dappy").{{cite web\\|author\=lfoley \\|url\=http://www.sugarscape.com/main\-topics/music/767413/exclusive\-dappy\-wanted\-nathan\-sykes\-collaboration \\|title\=EXCLUSIVE: Dappy reveals all the details about new The Wanted collaboration 'Bring It Home' \\|work\=Sugarscape \\|date\=21 September 2012 \\|access\-date\=18 November 2012\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923191024/http://www.sugarscape.com/main\-topics/music/767413/exclusive\-dappy\-wanted\-nathan\-sykes\-collaboration\\|archive\-date\=2012\-09\-23}} In November 2012, the band announced that the album had been pushed back from the original release of 3 December 2012 to February 2013 at their request; the reason stated for this delay was to perfect the album, and "tweak out a few insecurities involving certain tracks". It was confirmed that the album would feature a track co\-written by fellow label\-mate Justin Bieber. In early February 2013, it was announced that the Wanted would star in their own reality series called [The Wanted Life](/wiki/The_Wanted_Life "The Wanted Life"), produced by [Ryan Seacrest](/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest "Ryan Seacrest").{{cite news\\|url\=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment\_News/TV/2013/02/06/British\-pop\-group\-The\-Wanted\-gets\-E\-reality\-series/14631360190372/\\|title\=British pop group The Wanted gets E! reality series\\|work\=United Press International\\|date\=6 February 2013\\|access\-date\=17 June 2013}} In the United States, it premiered on [E!](/wiki/E%21 "E!") on 2 June 2013\.{{cite web\\|url\=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/16/the\-wanted\-life\-to\-premiere\-sunday\-june\-2\-on\-e/178224/\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019064115/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/16/the\-wanted\-life\-to\-premiere\-sunday\-june\-2\-on\-e/178224/\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=19 October 2013\\|title\='The Wanted Life' to Premiere Sunday, June 2 on E!\\|last\=Bibel\\|first\=Sara\\|date\=16 April 2013\\|work\=TV by the Numbers\\|publisher\=Zap2it\\|access\-date\=16 April 2013}} In April 2013, the band announced the release of the third single from their third album, titled "[Walks Like Rihanna](/wiki/Walks_Like_Rihanna "Walks Like Rihanna")", named after [Barbadian](/wiki/Barbadians "Barbadians") singer [Rihanna](/wiki/Rihanna "Rihanna").{{cite web\\|last\=Corner\\|first\=Lewis \\|url\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a476520/the\-wanted\-confirm\-new\-single\-walks\-like\-rihanna\-listen.html\\|title\=The Wanted confirm new single 'Walks Like Rihanna' – listen\\|date\=26 April 2013\\|work\=\[\[Digital Spy]]\\|access\-date\=26 April 2013}} It was released on 23 June 2013 and debuted and peaked at number 4 on the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart "UK Singles Chart"). On 9 September 2013, the band announced that their new album [Word of Mouth](/wiki/Word_of_Mouth_%28The_Wanted_album%29 "Word of Mouth (The Wanted album)") would be released on 4 November. It was preceded by the release of "[We Own the Night](/wiki/We_Own_the_Night_%28The_Wanted_song%29 "We Own the Night (The Wanted song)")" and "[Show Me Love (America)](/wiki/Show_Me_Love_%28America%29 "Show Me Love (America)")". On 25 July 2013 the group was spoken to by police after champagne was thrown out of a hotel window, soaking poet [Todd Swift](/wiki/Todd_Swift "Todd Swift"). A police statement said "Police were called at around 12\.20pm on Thursday, July 25, to a report of a man having been verbally threatened and having had a liquid substance thrown over him at a hotel in Marylebone."{{cite web\\|url\=http://toddswift.blogspot.ie/2013/08/report\-of\-assault\-by\-boy\-band\-known\-as.html\\|title\=Report Of The Assault By The Boy Band Known As The Wanted\\|last\=Swift\\|first\=Todd \\|author\-link\=Todd Swift\\|work\=Eyewear\\|via\=Blogger \\|date\=3 August 2013\\|access\-date\=11 March 2015}}{{cite web\\|url\=https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a502305/the\-wanted\-throw\-champagne\-over\-poet\-todd\-swift\-police\-called/\\|title\=The Wanted 'throw champagne over poet Todd Swift', police called\\|work\=Digital Spy\\|last\=Eames\\|first\=Tom \\|date\=30 July 2013 \\|access\-date\=11 March 2015}}{{cite web\\|last\=Topher\\|first\=Chris \\|url\=http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/gossip/the\-juice/the\-wanted\-trouble\-police\-poet\-champagne\-hotel\-balcony\-070859950\.html \\|title\=The Wanted run into trouble with the police after drenching poet with champagne from their hotel balcony \\|date\=30 July 2013 \\|work\=Yahoo Celebrity UK \\|access\-date\=11 March 2015 \\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012257/http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/gossip/the\-juice/the\-wanted\-trouble\-police\-poet\-champagne\-hotel\-balcony\-070859950\.html \\|archive\-date\= 9 November 2013 }}{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/122246/Police\-Called\-After\-The\-Wanted\-Accused\-Of\-Throwing\-Champagne\-From\-A\-Hotel\-Window \\|title\=Police Called After The Wanted 'Accused Of Throwing Champagne From A Hotel Window' \\|last\=Adejobi \\|first\=Alicia \\|work\=EntertainmentWise \\|date\=30 July 2013\\|access\-date\=11 March 2015 \\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403041122/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/122246/Police\-Called\-After\-The\-Wanted\-Accused\-Of\-Throwing\-Champagne\-From\-A\-Hotel\-Window \\|archive\-date\= 3 April 2015 }} On 7 October 2013, it was announced that the Wanted would embark on their first world tour, the [Word of Mouth World Tour](/wiki/Word_of_Mouth_World_Tour "Word of Mouth World Tour"), in 2014\. The tour included shows in the UK, mainland Europe, the US, and Canada.{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a521523/the\-wanted\-announce\-word\-of\-mouth\-2014\-world\-tour.html\\|title\=The Wanted announce 'Word of Mouth' 2014 world tour\\|last\=Rigby\\|first\=Sam\\|date\=7 October 2013\\|work\=\[\[Digital Spy]]\\|access\-date\=16 November 2013}} The band originally announced in January 2014 that they were taking a hiatus in order to pursue individual solo projects.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.thewantedmusic.com/news/611\\|title\=Important Announcement\\|work\=thewantedmusic.com\\|date\=22 January 2014\\|access\-date\=22 January 2014\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-url\=https://archive.today/20140122185914/http://www.thewantedmusic.com/news/611\\|archive\-date\=22 January 2014}}{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1720884/the\-wanted\-hiatus\-after\-tour.jhtml\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124011737/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1720884/the\-wanted\-hiatus\-after\-tour.jhtml\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=24 January 2014\\|title\=The Wanted To Go on Hiatus After Spring Tour\\|publisher\=\[\[MTV]]\\|date\=22 January 2014\\|first\=Jocelyn\\|last\=Vena\\|access\-date\=22 January 2014}} In a 2014 interview with [The Sun](/wiki/The_Sun_%28United_Kingdom%29 "The Sun (United Kingdom)"), George stated that part of the group's reasoning for taking a hiatus was due to the success of [One Direction](/wiki/One_Direction "One Direction"), saying "One Direction are a phenomenon that no one else can compete with. They've taken over the market. We have our own fans, who we love, but we couldn't stop things from happening".{{cite web \\| url\=https://hollywoodlife.com/2014/01/28/max\-george\-the\-wanted\-breaking\-up\-one\-direction\-fight\-split/ \\| title\=Max George: The Wanted Broke up Because of One Direction Rivalry \\| date\=29 January 2014 }} Parker later echoed George's statements in an interview with [Digital Spy](/wiki/Digital_Spy "Digital Spy"), stating "For The Wanted to try and compete against one of the biggest bands in the world ... it's almost impossible. I don't think any band out there can compete with them at the moment".{{cite web \\| url\=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a585884/tom\-parker\-on\-the\-wanted\-its\-impossible\-competing\-with\-one\-direction/\#%7EoKVZD4YaSLR642 \\| title\=Wanted star: 'Competing with 1D impossible' \\| website\=\[\[Digital Spy]] \\| date\=23 July 2014 }} ### 2021–present: Reunion, Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits and Parker's death Since 2020, the band had been teasing a reunion.{{Cite web\\|last\=Storey\\|first\=Katie\\|date\=2020\-10\-14\\|title\=The Wanted 'in talks to reunite' after Tom Parker tumour diagnosis\\|url\=https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/14/the\-wanted\-talks\-reunite\-celebrate\-bands\-success\-tom\-parker\-brain\-tumour\-diagnosis\-13418224/\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-08\\|website\=Metro\\|language\=en}}{{Cite web\\|last\=Novak\\|first\=Kim\\|date\=2021\-07\-17\\|title\=Max George and Tom Parker think The Wanted reunion could happen\\|url\=https://metro.co.uk/2021/07/17/max\-george\-and\-tom\-parker\-think\-the\-wanted\-reunion\-could\-happen\-14945496/\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-08\\|website\=Metro\\|language\=en}}{{Cite web\\|last\=Peacock\\|first\=Tim\\|date\=2021\-09\-08\\|title\=The Wanted Announce Return With Greatest Hits Album\\|url\=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/wanted\-return\-greatest\-hits\-album/\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-08\\|website\=uDiscover Music\\|language\=en\-US}} On 5 September 2021, it was reported that a reunion would be officially announced on 8 September, with new music and performances announced, including raising money for cancer charities in support of band member Tom Parker,{{Cite web\\|last\=Duff\\|first\=Seamus\\|date\=2021\-09\-05\\|title\=The Wanted 'set to reunite with new music and to raise money for cancer charity'\\|url\=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity\-news/wanted\-set\-reunite\-new\-music\-24912162\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-08\\|website\=Daily Mirror\\|language\=en}} who was diagnosed with an inoperable stage 4 [glioblastoma](/wiki/Glioblastoma "Glioblastoma") in late 2020\. On 8 September 2021, it was announced that the band would return with a greatest hits album titled [Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits](/wiki/Most_Wanted:The_Greatest_Hits "The Greatest Hits"), set to be released on 8 November. The album would also include new music. Additionally, the band were set to perform at a charity concert by Tom Parker titled "Inside My Head – The Concert" at the [Royal Albert Hall](/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall "Royal Albert Hall") on 20 September 2021, the band's first performance together in seven years. The concert raised money for the cancer charities [Stand Up to Cancer](/wiki/Stand_Up_to_Cancer "Stand Up to Cancer") and The National Brain Appeal.{{Cite web\\|title\=The Wanted's Tom Parker overcome with emotion at Inside My Head charity comeback gig\\|url\=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/the\-wanted\-tom\-parker\-comeback\-gig\-113220467\.html\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-29\\|website\=uk.style.yahoo.com\\|date\=21 September 2021 \\|language\=en\-GB}} On 13 October 2021, the band released "Rule The World", co\-written by [Max George](/wiki/Max_George "Max George"), their first single in seven years. This was closely followed by their greatest hits album, Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits, on 12 November 2021, which included another new song titled "Colours", co\-written by [Nathan Sykes](/wiki/Nathan_Sykes "Nathan Sykes"), alongside all the fan favourites and some newly recorded acoustic tracks. Their Christmas single, a cover of [East 17's](/wiki/East_17 "East 17") "[Stay Another Day](/wiki/Stay_Another_Day "Stay Another Day")", was released 5 November 2021 and also features on the deluxe version of Most Wanted. An acoustic cover of "[Remember](/wiki/Remember_%28Becky_Hill_and_David_Guetta_song%29 "Remember (Becky Hill and David Guetta song)")" by [Becky Hill](/wiki/Becky_Hill "Becky Hill") and [David Guetta](/wiki/David_Guetta "David Guetta") was released as the first promotional single off the album. They kicked off their twelve\-date Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits Tour on 3 March 2022 in Glasgow, which saw them travel up and down the UK performing to all their fans before finishing on 17 March 2022, in Liverpool. They were joined by special guest [Hrvy](/wiki/Hrvy "Hrvy") across all twelve dates. The band teamed up with the iPledge charity, where they donated £1 from every single ticket sale in aid of [The Brain Tumour Charity](/wiki/The_Brain_Tumour_Charity "The Brain Tumour Charity").{{Cite web \\|last\=Kelly \\|first\=Hana \\|date\=2022\-03\-14 \\|title\=Emotional homecoming for The Wanted's Tom Parker at AO Arena \\|url\=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats\-on/music\-nightlife\-news/emotional\-homecoming\-wanteds\-tom\-parker\-23378534 \\|access\-date\=2022\-04\-20 \\|website\=\[\[Manchester Evening News]] \\|language\=en}} Parker died on 30 March 2022, as stated by his wife. The band's single "Gold Forever" surged in sales and streams following the announcement, and the song debuted at number 2 on the [UK Singles Sales Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Sales_Chart "UK Singles Sales Chart") on 1 April 2022\.{{cite web \\|date\=1 April 2022 \\|title\=Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100: 01 April 2022 – 07 April 2022 \\|url\=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles\-sales\-chart/20220401/7509/ \\|access\-date\=3 April 2022 \\|website\=Official Charts}} On 27 April 2022, the Wanted released a new version of the song, titled "Gold Forever (For Tom)" in tribute.{{cite web\\|url\=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart\-news/the\-wanted\-release\-gold\-forever\-for\-tom\-single\-with\-the\-brain\-tumour\-charity\-in\-honour\-of\-tom\-parker\_\_36178/\\|title\=The Wanted release Gold Forever (For Tom) single with The Brain Tumour Charity in honour of Tom Parker\\|website\=Official Charts\\|last\=Smith\\|first\=Carl\\|date\=27 April 2022\\|access\-date\=28 April 2022}} All proceeds of the single sales will be donated to The Brain Tumour Charity.	[ "History\n-------", "### 2009–2010: Formation and debut album", "The Wanted were formed in 2009 through mass auditions held by Jayne Collins, who also put together [the Saturdays](/wiki/The_Saturdays \"The Saturdays\") and [Parade](/wiki/Parade_%28band%29 \"Parade (band)\").{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/the\\-wanted\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630021308/http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/the\\-wanted\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=30 June 2010\\\|title\\=MTV \\> The Wanted\\\|publisher\\=MTV UK\\\|access\\-date\\=2 September 2011}}{{cite interview\\\|url\\=http://voice21\\.justyouth.org.uk/features/interview\\-with\\-the\\-wanted/\\\|title\\=Interview with The Wanted\\\|interviewer\\=Leah Bargota\\\|publisher\\=Voice21\\\|date\\=26 November 2010\\\|access\\-date\\=2 September 2011\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426072417/http://voice21\\.justyouth.org.uk/features/interview\\-with\\-the\\-wanted/\\\|archive\\-date\\=26 April 2012}} The audition process, which saw more than 1,000 people attend, took over nine months. Just George, Parker and Sykes were involved at the start, and Kaneswaran and McGuiness joined later through the process. The group revealed in their autobiography that after they were informed of the line\\-up, seven more people were re\\-auditioned before they were signed to Maximum Artist Management and Geffen Records.", "The group were credited with co\\-writing five of the thirteen tracks on the album. On 25 July 2010, they released their debut single, \"[All Time Low](/wiki/All_Time_Low_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"All Time Low (The Wanted song)\")\". The song was co\\-written by [Steve Mac](/wiki/Steve_Mac \"Steve Mac\") (who also produced it), [Wayne Hector](/wiki/Wayne_Hector \"Wayne Hector\") and [Ed Drewett](/wiki/Ed_Drewett \"Ed Drewett\"). It hit number one in the UK and spent 17 weeks in the UK top 40\\. The second single \"[Heart Vacancy](/wiki/Heart_Vacancy \"Heart Vacancy\")\", again written with Hector, was released on 17 October 2010\\. It peaked at number two on the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart \"UK Singles Chart\"). The group's third single from the album was \"[Lose My Mind](/wiki/Lose_My_Mind_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"Lose My Mind (The Wanted song)\")\", which reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart following a performance on [The X Factor](/wiki/The_X_Factor_%28British_TV_series%29 \"The X Factor (British TV series)\"). The group's eponymous debut album was released on 25 October 2010 and peaked at number four in the UK and has since been certified Platinum in the UK. Between 28 March and 15 April 2010, the group embarked on the fifteen\\-date Behind Bars theatre tour, which saw them play in twelve UK cities. They were supported by [Lawson](/wiki/Lawson_%28band%29 \"Lawson (band)\"), [Twenty Twenty](/wiki/Twenty_Twenty_%28band%29 \"Twenty Twenty (band)\") and [Starboy Nathan](/wiki/Starboy_Nathan \"Starboy Nathan\").", "### 2011–2012: Battleground and The Wanted: The EP", "In January 2011, the group began to work on their second studio album. The album featured writing credits from the band members on ten of the fifteen tracks, and contributions from [Steve Mac](/wiki/Steve_Mac \"Steve Mac\"), [Wayne Hector](/wiki/Wayne_Hector \"Wayne Hector\"), [Ed Drewett](/wiki/Ed_Drewett \"Ed Drewett\"), [Diane Warren](/wiki/Diane_Warren \"Diane Warren\") and [Guy Chambers](/wiki/Guy_Chambers \"Guy Chambers\"). The album's lead single, \"Gold Forever\", was released in aid of [Comic Relief](/wiki/Comic_Relief \"Comic Relief\"){{cite interview\\\|last\\=George\\\|first\\=Max \\\|url\\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/interviews/a299892/the\\-wanted.html\\\|title\\=The Wanted\\\|interviewer\\=Robert Copsey\\\|work\\=Digital Spy\\\|date\\=25 January 2011\\\|access\\-date\\=3 September 2011}}{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/12415384\\\|title\\=The Wanted record official song for Comic Relief\\\|publisher\\=BBC\\\|date\\=10 February 2011\\\|access\\-date\\=3 September 2011}} and debuted at number three on the UK Singles Chart. In July 2011, the group released the album's second single, \"[Glad You Came](/wiki/Glad_You_Came \"Glad You Came\")\", which became their second number\\-one single. It was number one for two weeks, and stayed in the top ten of the chart for six weeks. The single also reached number one in Ireland and remained there for five weeks. The song also charted in some European territories, and was very successful in Australia. The third single from the album, \"Lightning\", was released on 16 October 2011, peaking at number 2 in the UK and number 5 in Ireland. The fourth single, \"[Warzone](/wiki/Warzone_%28song%29 \"Warzone (song)\")\", was released on 26 December 2011, with the music video and radio debut coming in early November 2011\\. On 7 November 2011, the group's second album [Battleground](/wiki/Battleground_%28The_Wanted_album%29 \"Battleground (The Wanted album)\") was released. It debuted at number 5 in the UK and number 4 in Ireland. It has since been certified Platinum in the UK. In addition to shows in the United Kingdom, including [T4 on the Beach](/wiki/T4_on_the_Beach \"T4 on the Beach\"), [V Festival](/wiki/V_Festival \"V Festival\"), and the [iTunes Festival](/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival \"Apple Music Festival\"), the group supported Canadian singer [Justin Bieber](/wiki/Justin_Bieber \"Justin Bieber\") in Brazil on 8 and 9 October 2011 and [Britney Spears](/wiki/Britney_Spears \"Britney Spears\") on her [Femme Fatale Tour](/wiki/Femme_Fatale_Tour \"Femme Fatale Tour\") at the [Manchester Evening News Arena](/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News_Arena \"Manchester Evening News Arena\") on 6 November 2011\\.", "Between 15 February and 9 March 2012, the group embarked on \"The Code\" tour, to promote the release of the album. The 16\\-date arena tour saw the group play in thirteen cities in England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and Northern Ireland. Known as \\#TheCodeTour, each concert featured an interactive element that linked to the group's official [Facebook](/wiki/Facebook \"Facebook\") and [Twitter](/wiki/Twitter \"Twitter\") pages.", "In a bid to break into the United States market, the Wanted went on a short promotional radio and club tour of the United States, touring between 17 January to 8 February 2012\\. The success of the 10\\-date tour led to the group's official release of their debut American single, \"Glad You Came\". It peaked at number three on the [Billboard Hot 100](/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100 \"Billboard Hot 100\") and has since sold over 3 million copies there. Their debut American EP, [The Wanted: The EP](/wiki/The_Wanted_%28EP%29 \"The Wanted (EP)\"), was released in April 2012, debuting at number seven in the US and number eight in Canada. \"[Chasing the Sun](/wiki/Chasing_the_Sun_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song)\")\" was released as the band's second official single there, peaking at number 50 on the BillboardHot 100 whilst also reaching number one on the [Hot Dance Club Songs](/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs \"Hot Dance Club Songs\") chart. \"Chasing the Sun\" was released on 21 May 2012\\. On 22 May 2012, the band opened and performed at the first Q102's Springle Ball concert. On 14 June 2012 the band performed a concert at New York City's [Beacon Theatre](/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_%28New_York_City%29 \"Beacon Theatre (New York City)\"), which was also broadcast live on music television station [Fuse](/wiki/Fuse_%28TV_channel%29 \"Fuse (TV channel)\"). The group visited Australia and New Zealand for the promotion of their [extended play](/wiki/Extended_play \"Extended play\") in August 2012\\.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.3news.co.nz/The\\-Wanted\\-coming\\-to\\-New\\-Zealand/tabid/418/articleID/259962/Default.aspx\\\|title\\=The Wanted coming to New Zealand \\\|publisher\\=3 News\\\|date\\=3 July 2012\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112160155/http://www.3news.co.nz/The\\-Wanted\\-coming\\-to\\-New\\-Zealand/tabid/418/articleID/259962/Default.aspx\\\|archive\\-date\\=2013\\-11\\-12}} Following their promotional tour of Australia, the group headed to the US for a number of promotional concerts.", "### 2012–2014: Word of Mouth, The Wanted Life and indefinite hiatus", "The Wanted began working on their third studio album shortly after the release of Battleground on 4 November 2011\\. In May 2012, \"[Chasing the Sun](/wiki/Chasing_the_Sun_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song)\")\" was released as the album's lead single, and the third single from the band's The Wanted: The EP in the United States. Around this time, the band also premiered a brand new track called \"Satellite\", which was co\\-written by [Ryan Tedder](/wiki/Ryan_Tedder \"Ryan Tedder\") of [OneRepublic](/wiki/OneRepublic \"OneRepublic\"). In August 2012, the band filmed a music video in Los Angeles, reportedly for their brand new single, \"[I Found You](/wiki/I_Found_You_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"I Found You (The Wanted song)\")\". However, when the video for \"I Found You\" was released in October 2012, it was a different one. The band later revealed that they had reshot the video in London, not being satisfied with the first one. The original was later released as the \"fan version\" on [Vevo](/wiki/Vevo \"Vevo\"). \"I Found You\" was released on 5 November 2012 as the album's second single.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://idolator.com/6887992/the\\-wanted\\-i\\-found\\-you\\\|title\\=The Wanted's \"I Found You\": Hear Their New Single\\\|last\\=Daw\\\|first\\=Robbie\\\|date\\=7 September 2012\\\|work\\=Idolator\\\|access\\-date\\=18 November 2012}} The band confirmed in September 2012 that the album would contain a number of collaborations, including tracks with [Pitbull](/wiki/Pitbull_%28rapper%29 \"Pitbull (rapper)\"), [LMFAO](/wiki/LMFAO \"LMFAO\"),{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1692284/the\\-wanted\\-lmfao\\-album\\-collabo.jhtml\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824012254/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1692284/the\\-wanted\\-lmfao\\-album\\-collabo.jhtml\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=24 August 2012\\\|title\\=The Wanted Tease 'Insane' LMFAO Collabos\\\|last\\=Garibaldi\\\|first\\=Christina \\\|publisher\\=MTV\\\|date\\=21 August 2012\\\|access\\-date\\=18 November 2012}} [Chris Brown](/wiki/Chris_Brown \"Chris Brown\"), [Rita Ora](/wiki/Rita_Ora \"Rita Ora\"){{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.heatworld.com/Entertainment/Music/2012/07/The\\-Wanted\\-Well\\-turn\\-down\\-Rita\\-Ora\\-songs\\-if\\-theyre\\-not\\-good\\-enough\\-/\\\|title\\=The Wanted \"We'll turn down Rita Ora songs if they're not good enough\"\\\|last\\=Wilkinson\\\|first\\=Sophie\\\|work\\=heatworld.com\\\|date\\=2012\\-07\\-16\\\|access\\-date\\=2012\\-11\\-18\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718064349/http://www.heatworld.com/Entertainment/Music/2012/07/The\\-Wanted\\-Well\\-turn\\-down\\-Rita\\-Ora\\-songs\\-if\\-theyre\\-not\\-good\\-enough\\-/\\\|archive\\-date\\=2012\\-07\\-18}} and [Dappy](/wiki/Dappy \"Dappy\").{{cite web\\\|author\\=lfoley \\\|url\\=http://www.sugarscape.com/main\\-topics/music/767413/exclusive\\-dappy\\-wanted\\-nathan\\-sykes\\-collaboration \\\|title\\=EXCLUSIVE: Dappy reveals all the details about new The Wanted collaboration 'Bring It Home' \\\|work\\=Sugarscape \\\|date\\=21 September 2012 \\\|access\\-date\\=18 November 2012\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923191024/http://www.sugarscape.com/main\\-topics/music/767413/exclusive\\-dappy\\-wanted\\-nathan\\-sykes\\-collaboration\\\|archive\\-date\\=2012\\-09\\-23}} In November 2012, the band announced that the album had been pushed back from the original release of 3 December 2012 to February 2013 at their request; the reason stated for this delay was to perfect the album, and \"tweak out a few insecurities involving certain tracks\". It was confirmed that the album would feature a track co\\-written by fellow label\\-mate Justin Bieber.", "In early February 2013, it was announced that the Wanted would star in their own reality series called [The Wanted Life](/wiki/The_Wanted_Life \"The Wanted Life\"), produced by [Ryan Seacrest](/wiki/Ryan_Seacrest \"Ryan Seacrest\").{{cite news\\\|url\\=https://www.upi.com/Entertainment\\_News/TV/2013/02/06/British\\-pop\\-group\\-The\\-Wanted\\-gets\\-E\\-reality\\-series/14631360190372/\\\|title\\=British pop group The Wanted gets E! reality series\\\|work\\=United Press International\\\|date\\=6 February 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=17 June 2013}} In the United States, it premiered on [E!](/wiki/E%21 \"E!\") on 2 June 2013\\.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/16/the\\-wanted\\-life\\-to\\-premiere\\-sunday\\-june\\-2\\-on\\-e/178224/\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019064115/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2013/04/16/the\\-wanted\\-life\\-to\\-premiere\\-sunday\\-june\\-2\\-on\\-e/178224/\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=19 October 2013\\\|title\\='The Wanted Life' to Premiere Sunday, June 2 on E!\\\|last\\=Bibel\\\|first\\=Sara\\\|date\\=16 April 2013\\\|work\\=TV by the Numbers\\\|publisher\\=Zap2it\\\|access\\-date\\=16 April 2013}} In April 2013, the band announced the release of the third single from their third album, titled \"[Walks Like Rihanna](/wiki/Walks_Like_Rihanna \"Walks Like Rihanna\")\", named after [Barbadian](/wiki/Barbadians \"Barbadians\") singer [Rihanna](/wiki/Rihanna \"Rihanna\").{{cite web\\\|last\\=Corner\\\|first\\=Lewis \\\|url\\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a476520/the\\-wanted\\-confirm\\-new\\-single\\-walks\\-like\\-rihanna\\-listen.html\\\|title\\=The Wanted confirm new single 'Walks Like Rihanna' – listen\\\|date\\=26 April 2013\\\|work\\=\\[\\[Digital Spy]]\\\|access\\-date\\=26 April 2013}} It was released on 23 June 2013 and debuted and peaked at number 4 on the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart \"UK Singles Chart\"). On 9 September 2013, the band announced that their new album [Word of Mouth](/wiki/Word_of_Mouth_%28The_Wanted_album%29 \"Word of Mouth (The Wanted album)\") would be released on 4 November. It was preceded by the release of \"[We Own the Night](/wiki/We_Own_the_Night_%28The_Wanted_song%29 \"We Own the Night (The Wanted song)\")\" and \"[Show Me Love (America)](/wiki/Show_Me_Love_%28America%29 \"Show Me Love (America)\")\". On 25 July 2013 the group was spoken to by police after champagne was thrown out of a hotel window, soaking poet [Todd Swift](/wiki/Todd_Swift \"Todd Swift\"). A police statement said \"Police were called at around 12\\.20pm on Thursday, July 25, to a report of a man having been verbally threatened and having had a liquid substance thrown over him at a hotel in Marylebone.\"{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://toddswift.blogspot.ie/2013/08/report\\-of\\-assault\\-by\\-boy\\-band\\-known\\-as.html\\\|title\\=Report Of The Assault By The Boy Band Known As The Wanted\\\|last\\=Swift\\\|first\\=Todd \\\|author\\-link\\=Todd Swift\\\|work\\=Eyewear\\\|via\\=Blogger \\\|date\\=3 August 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=11 March 2015}}{{cite web\\\|url\\=https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a502305/the\\-wanted\\-throw\\-champagne\\-over\\-poet\\-todd\\-swift\\-police\\-called/\\\|title\\=The Wanted 'throw champagne over poet Todd Swift', police called\\\|work\\=Digital Spy\\\|last\\=Eames\\\|first\\=Tom \\\|date\\=30 July 2013 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 March 2015}}{{cite web\\\|last\\=Topher\\\|first\\=Chris \\\|url\\=http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/gossip/the\\-juice/the\\-wanted\\-trouble\\-police\\-poet\\-champagne\\-hotel\\-balcony\\-070859950\\.html \\\|title\\=The Wanted run into trouble with the police after drenching poet with champagne from their hotel balcony \\\|date\\=30 July 2013 \\\|work\\=Yahoo Celebrity UK \\\|access\\-date\\=11 March 2015 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012257/http://uk.omg.yahoo.com/gossip/the\\-juice/the\\-wanted\\-trouble\\-police\\-poet\\-champagne\\-hotel\\-balcony\\-070859950\\.html \\\|archive\\-date\\= 9 November 2013 }}{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/122246/Police\\-Called\\-After\\-The\\-Wanted\\-Accused\\-Of\\-Throwing\\-Champagne\\-From\\-A\\-Hotel\\-Window \\\|title\\=Police Called After The Wanted 'Accused Of Throwing Champagne From A Hotel Window' \\\|last\\=Adejobi \\\|first\\=Alicia \\\|work\\=EntertainmentWise \\\|date\\=30 July 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=11 March 2015 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403041122/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/122246/Police\\-Called\\-After\\-The\\-Wanted\\-Accused\\-Of\\-Throwing\\-Champagne\\-From\\-A\\-Hotel\\-Window \\\|archive\\-date\\= 3 April 2015 }} On 7 October 2013, it was announced that the Wanted would embark on their first world tour, the [Word of Mouth World Tour](/wiki/Word_of_Mouth_World_Tour \"Word of Mouth World Tour\"), in 2014\\. The tour included shows in the UK, mainland Europe, the US, and Canada.{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a521523/the\\-wanted\\-announce\\-word\\-of\\-mouth\\-2014\\-world\\-tour.html\\\|title\\=The Wanted announce 'Word of Mouth' 2014 world tour\\\|last\\=Rigby\\\|first\\=Sam\\\|date\\=7 October 2013\\\|work\\=\\[\\[Digital Spy]]\\\|access\\-date\\=16 November 2013}}", "The band originally announced in January 2014 that they were taking a hiatus in order to pursue individual solo projects.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.thewantedmusic.com/news/611\\\|title\\=Important Announcement\\\|work\\=thewantedmusic.com\\\|date\\=22 January 2014\\\|access\\-date\\=22 January 2014\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://archive.today/20140122185914/http://www.thewantedmusic.com/news/611\\\|archive\\-date\\=22 January 2014}}{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1720884/the\\-wanted\\-hiatus\\-after\\-tour.jhtml\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124011737/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1720884/the\\-wanted\\-hiatus\\-after\\-tour.jhtml\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=24 January 2014\\\|title\\=The Wanted To Go on Hiatus After Spring Tour\\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[MTV]]\\\|date\\=22 January 2014\\\|first\\=Jocelyn\\\|last\\=Vena\\\|access\\-date\\=22 January 2014}} In a 2014 interview with [The Sun](/wiki/The_Sun_%28United_Kingdom%29 \"The Sun (United Kingdom)\"), George stated that part of the group's reasoning for taking a hiatus was due to the success of [One Direction](/wiki/One_Direction \"One Direction\"), saying \"One Direction are a phenomenon that no one else can compete with. They've taken over the market. We have our own fans, who we love, but we couldn't stop things from happening\".{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://hollywoodlife.com/2014/01/28/max\\-george\\-the\\-wanted\\-breaking\\-up\\-one\\-direction\\-fight\\-split/ \\\| title\\=Max George: The Wanted Broke up Because of One Direction Rivalry \\\| date\\=29 January 2014 }} Parker later echoed George's statements in an interview with [Digital Spy](/wiki/Digital_Spy \"Digital Spy\"), stating \"For The Wanted to try and compete against one of the biggest bands in the world ... it's almost impossible. I don't think any band out there can compete with them at the moment\".{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a585884/tom\\-parker\\-on\\-the\\-wanted\\-its\\-impossible\\-competing\\-with\\-one\\-direction/\\#%7EoKVZD4YaSLR642 \\\| title\\=Wanted star: 'Competing with 1D impossible' \\\| website\\=\\[\\[Digital Spy]] \\\| date\\=23 July 2014 }}", "### 2021–present: Reunion, Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits and Parker's death", "Since 2020, the band had been teasing a reunion.{{Cite web\\\|last\\=Storey\\\|first\\=Katie\\\|date\\=2020\\-10\\-14\\\|title\\=The Wanted 'in talks to reunite' after Tom Parker tumour diagnosis\\\|url\\=https://metro.co.uk/2020/10/14/the\\-wanted\\-talks\\-reunite\\-celebrate\\-bands\\-success\\-tom\\-parker\\-brain\\-tumour\\-diagnosis\\-13418224/\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-08\\\|website\\=Metro\\\|language\\=en}}{{Cite web\\\|last\\=Novak\\\|first\\=Kim\\\|date\\=2021\\-07\\-17\\\|title\\=Max George and Tom Parker think The Wanted reunion could happen\\\|url\\=https://metro.co.uk/2021/07/17/max\\-george\\-and\\-tom\\-parker\\-think\\-the\\-wanted\\-reunion\\-could\\-happen\\-14945496/\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-08\\\|website\\=Metro\\\|language\\=en}}{{Cite web\\\|last\\=Peacock\\\|first\\=Tim\\\|date\\=2021\\-09\\-08\\\|title\\=The Wanted Announce Return With Greatest Hits Album\\\|url\\=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/wanted\\-return\\-greatest\\-hits\\-album/\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-08\\\|website\\=uDiscover Music\\\|language\\=en\\-US}} On 5 September 2021, it was reported that a reunion would be officially announced on 8 September, with new music and performances announced, including raising money for cancer charities in support of band member Tom Parker,{{Cite web\\\|last\\=Duff\\\|first\\=Seamus\\\|date\\=2021\\-09\\-05\\\|title\\=The Wanted 'set to reunite with new music and to raise money for cancer charity'\\\|url\\=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity\\-news/wanted\\-set\\-reunite\\-new\\-music\\-24912162\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-08\\\|website\\=Daily Mirror\\\|language\\=en}} who was diagnosed with an inoperable stage 4 [glioblastoma](/wiki/Glioblastoma \"Glioblastoma\") in late 2020\\.", "On 8 September 2021, it was announced that the band would return with a greatest hits album titled [Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits](/wiki/Most_Wanted:The_Greatest_Hits \"The Greatest Hits\"), set to be released on 8 November. The album would also include new music. Additionally, the band were set to perform at a charity concert by Tom Parker titled \"Inside My Head – The Concert\" at the [Royal Albert Hall](/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall \"Royal Albert Hall\") on 20 September 2021, the band's first performance together in seven years. The concert raised money for the cancer charities [Stand Up to Cancer](/wiki/Stand_Up_to_Cancer \"Stand Up to Cancer\") and The National Brain Appeal.{{Cite web\\\|title\\=The Wanted's Tom Parker overcome with emotion at Inside My Head charity comeback gig\\\|url\\=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/the\\-wanted\\-tom\\-parker\\-comeback\\-gig\\-113220467\\.html\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-29\\\|website\\=uk.style.yahoo.com\\\|date\\=21 September 2021 \\\|language\\=en\\-GB}}", "On 13 October 2021, the band released \"Rule The World\", co\\-written by [Max George](/wiki/Max_George \"Max George\"), their first single in seven years. This was closely followed by their greatest hits album, Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits, on 12 November 2021, which included another new song titled \"Colours\", co\\-written by [Nathan Sykes](/wiki/Nathan_Sykes \"Nathan Sykes\"), alongside all the fan favourites and some newly recorded acoustic tracks. Their Christmas single, a cover of [East 17's](/wiki/East_17 \"East 17\") \"[Stay Another Day](/wiki/Stay_Another_Day \"Stay Another Day\")\", was released 5 November 2021 and also features on the deluxe version of Most Wanted. An acoustic cover of \"[Remember](/wiki/Remember_%28Becky_Hill_and_David_Guetta_song%29 \"Remember (Becky Hill and David Guetta song)\")\" by [Becky Hill](/wiki/Becky_Hill \"Becky Hill\") and [David Guetta](/wiki/David_Guetta \"David Guetta\") was released as the first promotional single off the album.", "They kicked off their twelve\\-date Most Wanted: The Greatest Hits Tour on 3 March 2022 in Glasgow, which saw them travel up and down the UK performing to all their fans before finishing on 17 March 2022, in Liverpool. They were joined by special guest [Hrvy](/wiki/Hrvy \"Hrvy\") across all twelve dates. The band teamed up with the iPledge charity, where they donated £1 from every single ticket sale in aid of [The Brain Tumour Charity](/wiki/The_Brain_Tumour_Charity \"The Brain Tumour Charity\").{{Cite web \\\|last\\=Kelly \\\|first\\=Hana \\\|date\\=2022\\-03\\-14 \\\|title\\=Emotional homecoming for The Wanted's Tom Parker at AO Arena \\\|url\\=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats\\-on/music\\-nightlife\\-news/emotional\\-homecoming\\-wanteds\\-tom\\-parker\\-23378534 \\\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-04\\-20 \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Manchester Evening News]] \\\|language\\=en}}", "Parker died on 30 March 2022, as stated by his wife. The band's single \"Gold Forever\" surged in sales and streams following the announcement, and the song debuted at number 2 on the [UK Singles Sales Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Sales_Chart \"UK Singles Sales Chart\") on 1 April 2022\\.{{cite web \\\|date\\=1 April 2022 \\\|title\\=Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100: 01 April 2022 – 07 April 2022 \\\|url\\=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles\\-sales\\-chart/20220401/7509/ \\\|access\\-date\\=3 April 2022 \\\|website\\=Official Charts}} On 27 April 2022, the Wanted released a new version of the song, titled \"Gold Forever (For Tom)\" in tribute.{{cite web\\\|url\\=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart\\-news/the\\-wanted\\-release\\-gold\\-forever\\-for\\-tom\\-single\\-with\\-the\\-brain\\-tumour\\-charity\\-in\\-honour\\-of\\-tom\\-parker\\_\\_36178/\\\|title\\=The Wanted release Gold Forever (For Tom) single with The Brain Tumour Charity in honour of Tom Parker\\\|website\\=Official Charts\\\|last\\=Smith\\\|first\\=Carl\\\|date\\=27 April 2022\\\|access\\-date\\=28 April 2022}} All proceeds of the single sales will be donated to The Brain Tumour Charity.", "" ]
Summary timeline ---------------- [thumb\\|upright\=1\.0\\|left\\|Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off on her final mission.](/wiki/Image:STS-51-L.jpg "STS-51-L.jpg") [thumb\\|upright\=1\.0\\|right\\|Cameras capture the plume of flame on Challenger{{'}}s right\-hand [Solid rocket booster](/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster "Solid rocket booster") (SRB).](/wiki/Image:Challenger_STS-51-L-launch.jpg "Challenger STS-51-L-launch.jpg") [thumb\\|upright\=1\.0\\|left\\|Challenger begins to disintegrate.](/wiki/Image:Sts33-e204.jpg "Sts33-e204.jpg") Following several days of lengthy delays, Challenger finally lifted off at 16:38:00 [UTC](/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time "Coordinated Universal Time") on January 28, 1986\. Her three [main engines](/wiki/RS-25 "RS-25") were ignited at T\-6\.6 seconds, and at T\-0 the solid rocket boosters were ignited, lifting the shuttle stack off launchpad LC\-39B at Kennedy Space Center. Almost immediately, cameras recording the launch registered the presence of smoke at the field joint next to the attachment strut on the right\-hand SRB, indicating the failure of the O\-rings that were supposed to seal the joint against the "blow\-by" of hot gases from the boosters. However, sometime at around T\+2 seconds, a piece of [solid fuel](/wiki/Solid_fuel "Solid fuel") from inside the booster moved inside the joint and provided a temporary seal against the blow\-by, allowing the launch to proceed normally for around forty seconds. However, at around T\+36 seconds and an altitude of just over {{cvt\\|3000\\|m}}, Challenger experienced the strongest [wind shear](/wiki/Wind_shear "Wind shear") ever felt during a Space Shuttle launch. The [pitch and yaw](/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes "Aircraft principal axes") commanded by the shuttle's computers in order to counter this wind caused the solid fuel plug to become dislodged from the field joint on the right SRB.{{cite web\\|author\=Ware, Doug G.\\|title\=Engineer who warned of 1986 Challenger disaster still racked with guilt, three decades on\\|date\=January 28, 2016\\|work\=United Press International\\|url\=http://www.upi.com/Top\_News/US/2016/01/28/Engineer\-who\-warned\-of\-1986\-Challenger\-disaster\-still\-racked\-with\-guilt\-three\-decades\-on/4891454032643/\\|access\-date\=January 28, 2016}} At around T\+58 seconds, cameras noted the creation of a [plume](/wiki/Plume_%28fluid_dynamics%29 "Plume (fluid dynamics)") on the aft attachment strut on the right\-hand SRB, as ignited gas began to force itself through a rapidly growing hole in the field joint. Within a second, the plume became well defined and intense. Internal pressure in the right SRB began to drop because of the rapidly enlarging hole in the failed joint, and at T\+60 seconds there was visual evidence of flame coming through the joint and impinging on the [external tank](/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank "Space Shuttle external tank") (ET). As the mission clock passed up through T\+64 seconds, the plume suddenly changed shape, showing that it had burned a hole in the [liquid hydrogen](/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen "Liquid hydrogen") tank in Challenger{{'}}s ET, causing the tank to leak. The pressure in the tank began to drop, and Challenger{{'}}s onboard computers began to pivot the nozzles of the SSMEs to counter the now\-unbalanced thrust between the two SRBs. At this stage, the situation still seemed normal both to the astronauts and to flight controllers. At T\+68, the [CAPCOM](/wiki/Flight_controller "Flight controller") informed the crew – "Challenger, go at throttle up", and Commander [Francis R. "Dick" Scobee](/wiki/Dick_Scobee "Dick Scobee") confirmed the call. His response, "Roger, go at throttle up", was the last communication from Challenger on the [air\-to\-ground](/wiki/Air-to-ground_communication "Air-to-ground communication") loop. At around T\+72 seconds, the right SRB apparently pulled away from the aft strut attaching it to the external tank. Later analysis of [telemetry data](/wiki/Telemetry "Telemetry") showed a sudden lateral acceleration to the right at T\+72\.525 seconds, which may have been felt by the crew. The last statement captured by the crew cabin recorder came just half a second after this acceleration, when Pilot [Michael J. Smith](/wiki/Michael_J._Smith "Michael J. Smith") said, "Uh oh". Smith may also have been responding to onboard indications of main engine performance or to falling pressures in the external fuel tank. At T\+73\.124 seconds, the aft dome of the liquid hydrogen tank failed, producing a propulsive force that pushed the hydrogen tank into the liquid oxygen tank in the forward part of the external tank. At the same time, the right SRB rotated about the forward attach strut, and struck the [intertank structure](/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank "Space Shuttle external tank"). The breakup of the vehicle began at T\+73\.162 seconds, at an altitude of {{cvt\\|14600\\|m}}).{{cite web\\|author\=Kerwin, Joseph P.\\|title\=''Challenger'' crew cause and time of death\\|year\=1986 \\|url\=https://history.nasa.gov/kerwin.html\\|access\-date\=July 4, 2006}} {{PD\-notice}} With the external tank disintegrating, Challenger veered from its correct attitude with respect to the local air flow and was immediately torn apart by aerodynamic forces, resulting in a [load factor](/wiki/Load_factor_%28aeronautics%29 "Load factor (aeronautics)") of up to 20[g](/wiki/G-force "G-force") – well over its design limit. The two SRBs, which could withstand greater aerodynamic loads, separated from the ET and continued in uncontrolled powered flight for another 37 seconds. The SRB casings were made of {{cvt\\|12\.7\\|mm}} thick steel and were much stronger than the orbiter and ET; thus, both SRBs survived the breakup of the Space Shuttle stack, even though the right SRB was still suffering the effects of the joint burn\-through that had set the destruction of Challenger in motion.{{cite video\\|people\=Photo and TV Analysis Team Report\\|title\=Space Shuttle Challenger Accident Investigation \\|url\=https://archive.org/details/ChallengerAccidentandInvestigation\\|publisher\=STS\-51L Data and Analysis Task Force\\|date\=1986}} {{PD\-notice}} The boosters were destroyed by the [range safety system](/wiki/Range_Safety_and_Telemetry_System "Range Safety and Telemetry System") at around 110 seconds after launch. [thumb\\|upright\=1\.0\\|right\\|The Challenger fireball, following total disintegration of the shuttle stack.](/wiki/Image:Challenger_explosion.jpg "Challenger explosion.jpg") [thumb\\|upright\=1\.0\\|right\\|The right SRB exits the fireball. The anomalous plume that caused the disaster is clearly visible.](/wiki/File:Challenger_right_SRB.jpg "Challenger right SRB.jpg")	[ "Summary timeline\n----------------", "[thumb\\\|upright\\=1\\.0\\\|left\\\|Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off on her final mission.](/wiki/Image:STS-51-L.jpg \"STS-51-L.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=1\\.0\\\|right\\\|Cameras capture the plume of flame on Challenger{{'}}s right\\-hand [Solid rocket booster](/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster \"Solid rocket booster\") (SRB).](/wiki/Image:Challenger_STS-51-L-launch.jpg \"Challenger STS-51-L-launch.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=1\\.0\\\|left\\\|Challenger begins to disintegrate.](/wiki/Image:Sts33-e204.jpg \"Sts33-e204.jpg\")", "Following several days of lengthy delays, Challenger finally lifted off at 16:38:00 [UTC](/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time \"Coordinated Universal Time\") on January 28, 1986\\. Her three [main engines](/wiki/RS-25 \"RS-25\") were ignited at T\\-6\\.6 seconds, and at T\\-0 the solid rocket boosters were ignited, lifting the shuttle stack off launchpad LC\\-39B at Kennedy Space Center. Almost immediately, cameras recording the launch registered the presence of smoke at the field joint next to the attachment strut on the right\\-hand SRB, indicating the failure of the O\\-rings that were supposed to seal the joint against the \"blow\\-by\" of hot gases from the boosters. However, sometime at around T\\+2 seconds, a piece of [solid fuel](/wiki/Solid_fuel \"Solid fuel\") from inside the booster moved inside the joint and provided a temporary seal against the blow\\-by, allowing the launch to proceed normally for around forty seconds.", "However, at around T\\+36 seconds and an altitude of just over {{cvt\\\|3000\\\|m}}, Challenger experienced the strongest [wind shear](/wiki/Wind_shear \"Wind shear\") ever felt during a Space Shuttle launch. The [pitch and yaw](/wiki/Aircraft_principal_axes \"Aircraft principal axes\") commanded by the shuttle's computers in order to counter this wind caused the solid fuel plug to become dislodged from the field joint on the right SRB.{{cite web\\\|author\\=Ware, Doug G.\\\|title\\=Engineer who warned of 1986 Challenger disaster still racked with guilt, three decades on\\\|date\\=January 28, 2016\\\|work\\=United Press International\\\|url\\=http://www.upi.com/Top\\_News/US/2016/01/28/Engineer\\-who\\-warned\\-of\\-1986\\-Challenger\\-disaster\\-still\\-racked\\-with\\-guilt\\-three\\-decades\\-on/4891454032643/\\\|access\\-date\\=January 28, 2016}}", "At around T\\+58 seconds, cameras noted the creation of a [plume](/wiki/Plume_%28fluid_dynamics%29 \"Plume (fluid dynamics)\") on the aft attachment strut on the right\\-hand SRB, as ignited gas began to force itself through a rapidly growing hole in the field joint. Within a second, the plume became well defined and intense. Internal pressure in the right SRB began to drop because of the rapidly enlarging hole in the failed joint, and at T\\+60 seconds there was visual evidence of flame coming through the joint and impinging on the [external tank](/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank \"Space Shuttle external tank\") (ET). As the mission clock passed up through T\\+64 seconds, the plume suddenly changed shape, showing that it had burned a hole in the [liquid hydrogen](/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen \"Liquid hydrogen\") tank in Challenger{{'}}s ET, causing the tank to leak. The pressure in the tank began to drop, and Challenger{{'}}s onboard computers began to pivot the nozzles of the SSMEs to counter the now\\-unbalanced thrust between the two SRBs.", "At this stage, the situation still seemed normal both to the astronauts and to flight controllers. At T\\+68, the [CAPCOM](/wiki/Flight_controller \"Flight controller\") informed the crew – \"Challenger, go at throttle up\", and Commander [Francis R. \"Dick\" Scobee](/wiki/Dick_Scobee \"Dick Scobee\") confirmed the call. His response, \"Roger, go at throttle up\", was the last communication from Challenger on the [air\\-to\\-ground](/wiki/Air-to-ground_communication \"Air-to-ground communication\") loop.", "At around T\\+72 seconds, the right SRB apparently pulled away from the aft strut attaching it to the external tank. Later analysis of [telemetry data](/wiki/Telemetry \"Telemetry\") showed a sudden lateral acceleration to the right at T\\+72\\.525 seconds, which may have been felt by the crew. The last statement captured by the crew cabin recorder came just half a second after this acceleration, when Pilot [Michael J. Smith](/wiki/Michael_J._Smith \"Michael J. Smith\") said, \"Uh oh\". Smith may also have been responding to onboard indications of main engine performance or to falling pressures in the external fuel tank.", "At T\\+73\\.124 seconds, the aft dome of the liquid hydrogen tank failed, producing a propulsive force that pushed the hydrogen tank into the liquid oxygen tank in the forward part of the external tank. At the same time, the right SRB rotated about the forward attach strut, and struck the [intertank structure](/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank \"Space Shuttle external tank\").", "The breakup of the vehicle began at T\\+73\\.162 seconds, at an altitude of {{cvt\\\|14600\\\|m}}).{{cite web\\\|author\\=Kerwin, Joseph P.\\\|title\\=''Challenger'' crew cause and time of death\\\|year\\=1986\n\\\|url\\=https://history.nasa.gov/kerwin.html\\\|access\\-date\\=July 4, 2006}} {{PD\\-notice}} With the external tank disintegrating, Challenger veered from its correct attitude with respect to the local air flow and was immediately torn apart by aerodynamic forces, resulting in a [load factor](/wiki/Load_factor_%28aeronautics%29 \"Load factor (aeronautics)\") of up to 20[g](/wiki/G-force \"G-force\") – well over its design limit. The two SRBs, which could withstand greater aerodynamic loads, separated from the ET and continued in uncontrolled powered flight for another 37 seconds. The SRB casings were made of {{cvt\\\|12\\.7\\\|mm}} thick steel and were much stronger than the orbiter and ET; thus, both SRBs survived the breakup of the Space Shuttle stack, even though the right SRB was still suffering the effects of the joint burn\\-through that had set the destruction of Challenger in motion.{{cite video\\\|people\\=Photo and TV Analysis Team Report\\\|title\\=Space Shuttle Challenger Accident Investigation\n\\\|url\\=https://archive.org/details/ChallengerAccidentandInvestigation\\\|publisher\\=STS\\-51L Data and Analysis Task Force\\\|date\\=1986}} {{PD\\-notice}} The boosters were destroyed by the [range safety system](/wiki/Range_Safety_and_Telemetry_System \"Range Safety and Telemetry System\") at around 110 seconds after launch.", "[thumb\\\|upright\\=1\\.0\\\|right\\\|The Challenger fireball, following total disintegration of the shuttle stack.](/wiki/Image:Challenger_explosion.jpg \"Challenger explosion.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|upright\\=1\\.0\\\|right\\\|The right SRB exits the fireball. The anomalous plume that caused the disaster is clearly visible.](/wiki/File:Challenger_right_SRB.jpg \"Challenger right SRB.jpg\")", "" ]
Background ---------- ### Velvelettes version The original version of the song was recorded by Motown group the Velvelettes in December 1964\. An alternate version recorded in October/November had been discarded. Produced by Norman Whitfield, the Velvelettes' version was released on Motown's V.I.P. label on December 27, 1964, and was a minor hit for the group in early 1965\. "He Was Really Sayin' Somethin{{'"}} peaked at number 64 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and at number 21 on the then recently reinstated Billboard R\&B Singles chart.{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.musicvf.com/song.php?title\=He\+Was\+Really\+Sayin%27\+Something%27\+by\+The\+Velvelettes\&id\=48020\\|title \= He Was Really Sayin' Something' (Song by the Velvelettes) ••• Music VF, US \& UK hits charts}}{{cite book \\|title\= Top R\&B/Hip\-Hop Singles: 1942–2004\\|last\=Whitburn \\|first\=Joel \\|author\-link\=Joel Whitburn \\|year\=2004 \\|publisher\=Record Research }} The single was the second most successful release for the Velvelettes, a minor Motown act which never released a full\-length album. "Throw a Farewell Kiss", composed by Whitfield and Holland and produced by Whitfield, had been recorded in October 1962 and was issued as the [B\-side](/wiki/B-side "B-side") of "He Was Really Sayin' Somethin{{'"}}. Six years later, Whitfield had [the Temptations](/wiki/The_Temptations "The Temptations") record "Farewell Kiss" for their 1971 album [Sky's the Limit](/wiki/Sky%27s_the_Limit_%28The_Temptations_album%29 "Sky's the Limit (The Temptations album)"). ### Bananarama version In 1982, the British [girl group](/wiki/Girl_group "Girl group") [Bananarama](/wiki/Bananarama "Bananarama") recorded a [cover version](/wiki/Cover_version "Cover version") of the song and released it as the first single from their debut album [Deep Sea Skiving](/wiki/Deep_Sea_Skiving "Deep Sea Skiving"). [Fun Boy Three](/wiki/Fun_Boy_Three "Fun Boy Three") provided background vocals, having had a hit with Bananarama earlier in the year with another cover, "[T'ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)](/wiki/T%27ain%27t_What_You_Do_%28It%27s_the_Way_That_You_Do_It%29 "T'ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)")". The 1982 single became the second consecutive top\-five hit for both Bananarama and Fun Boy Three, peaking at number five in the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart "UK Singles Chart"). It also received heavy play on the then\-young [MTV](/wiki/MTV "MTV") network in America. "Really Saying Something" was both groups' second chart entry in Australia, peaking at number seventy\-four. The B\-side, "Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares", has been issued on CD for the first time on the 2007 UK reissue of [Deep Sea Skiving](/wiki/Deep_Sea_Skiving "Deep Sea Skiving") as one of five bonus tracks. It also became the group's third single to chart in America but only became a minor hit peaking at \#108\. In 2004, a remixed version of the song by Solasso was released as a [promotional single](/wiki/Promotional_single "Promotional single"). It was later included on Bananarama's album [Drama](/wiki/Drama_%28Bananarama_album%29 "Drama (Bananarama album)"). #### Track listing * UK 7″ single (NANA1\) 1. "Really Saying Something" – 2:41 2. "Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares" – 2:44 * US 7″ single (LD201\) 1. "Really Saying Something" (US version) – 3:44 2. "Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares" – 2:44 * UK 12″ vinyl (NANX1\) 1. "Really Saying Something" (extended mix) – 5:40 1. Remixed by Fun Boy Three 2. "Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares" (extended version) – 4:25 * UK 12″ vinyl – stickered limited edition (NANX1\) 1. "Really Saying Something" (extended mix) – 5:40 2. "Aie A Mwana" (extended version) – 5:46 * US 12″ vinyl (LLD101\) 1. "Really Saying Something" (extended US version) – 7:50 2. "Aie A Mwana" (extended US version) – 6:46 3. "Aie A Mwana" (dub mix) – 4:38 * German 12″ vinyl (6400 606\) 1. "Really Saying Something" (extended mix) – 5:40 2. "Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares" (extended version) – 4:25 * 2004 versions 1. "Really Saying Something" (Solasso mix) – 5:58 2. "Really Saying Something" (Solasso radio edit) 3. "Really Saying Something" (Solasso dirty dub) – 5:58 4. "Really Saying Something" (Hardino radio edit) 5. "Really Saying Something" (Hardino remix) – 6:20 6. "Really Saying Something" (DJ Bomba \& Soulseekerz remix) – 6:37 7. "Really Saying Something" (Kenny Hayes Sunshine funk remix) – 5:34 8. "Really Saying Something" (Giresse breakbeat remix) – 5:21 9. "Really Saying Something" (Shanghai Surprise radio edit) – 3:21 10. "Really Saying Something" (Shanghai Surprise club mix) – 6:44 ### Buffalo G version * + - * + {{Infobox song \\| name \= We're Really Saying Something \\| cover \= Buffalo G We're Really Saying Something CD1\.jpg \\| alt \= \\| type \= single \\| artist \= \[\[Buffalo G]] \\| album \= \\| released \= {{start date\\|2000\\|05\\|29\\|df\=y}} \\| recorded \= \\| studio \= \\| venue \= \\| genre \= \* \[\[Pop music\\|Pop]] \* \[\[pop rap]] \\| length \= 3:18 \\| label \= \[\[Epic Records\\|Epic]] \\| writer \= \* \[\[Norman Whitfield]] \* \[\[William "Mickey" Stevenson]] \* \[\[Eddie Holland\\|Edward Holland, Jr.]] \\| producer \= \\| prev\_title \= \\| prev\_year \= \\| next\_title \= \\| next\_year \= \\| misc \= {{Extra album cover \\| header \= Alternative cover \\| type \= single \\| cover \= Buffalo G We're Really Saying Something CD2\.jpg \\| border \= \\| alt \= \\| caption \= CD2 cover }} }} The Irish [girl group](/wiki/Girl_group "Girl group") [Buffalo G](/wiki/Buffalo_G "Buffalo G") released a rap cover version of the song in 2000, reaching the top 20 in both the Irish and UK charts. ### Shakespears Sister version * + - * + {{Infobox song \\| name \= Really Saying Something \\| cover \= ShakespearsSisterRSS.jpg \\| alt \= \\| type \= single \\| artist \= \[\[Shakespears Sister]] \\| album \= \\| released \= {{start date\\|2011\\|04}} \\| recorded \= \\| studio \= \\| venue \= \\| genre \= \* \[\[Pop music\\|Pop]] \* \[\[Rock music\\|rock]] \\| length \= {{duration\\|m\=2\\|s\=36}} \\| label \= SF \\| writer \= \* \[\[Norman Whitfield]] \* \[\[William "Mickey" Stevenson]] \* \[\[Eddie Holland\\|Edward Holland, Jr.]] \\| producer \= }} In late February 2011, Siobhan Fahey's current project, [Shakespears Sister](/wiki/Shakespears_Sister "Shakespears Sister") announced that they were releasing their own version of "Really Saying Something", as a special anniversary single, celebrating 30 years since Bananarama recorded their first single. The single was available exclusively on Shakespears Sister's website as a [digital download](/wiki/Music_download "Music download") and a limited edition [CD single](/wiki/CD_single "CD single").{{cite web\\|url\=http://shakespearssister.co.uk/shop.html\\|title\=Shop\\|publisher\=Shakespears Sister\\|access\-date\=2012\-01\-06}} Copies of the CD single are no longer in production, and it is now one of Shakespears Sister's rarest collectibles to date. Fahey produced the single with her designer Anthony Walton, in an attempt to promote her forthcoming live releases. #### Track listing * CD single / digital download 1. "Really Saying Something" – 2:36 2. "A Loaded Gun" – 4:15 * 2013 digital download 1. "Really Saying Something" – 2:36 2. "A Loaded Gun" – 4:15 3. "A Loaded Gun" (early version)	[ "Background\n----------", "### Velvelettes version", "The original version of the song was recorded by Motown group the Velvelettes in December 1964\\. An alternate version recorded in October/November had been discarded. Produced by Norman Whitfield, the Velvelettes' version was released on Motown's V.I.P. label on December 27, 1964, and was a minor hit for the group in early 1965\\. \"He Was Really Sayin' Somethin{{'\"}} peaked at number 64 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and at number 21 on the then recently reinstated Billboard R\\&B Singles chart.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.musicvf.com/song.php?title\\=He\\+Was\\+Really\\+Sayin%27\\+Something%27\\+by\\+The\\+Velvelettes\\&id\\=48020\\\|title \\= He Was Really Sayin' Something' (Song by the Velvelettes) ••• Music VF, US \\& UK hits charts}}{{cite book \\\|title\\= Top R\\&B/Hip\\-Hop Singles: 1942–2004\\\|last\\=Whitburn \\\|first\\=Joel \\\|author\\-link\\=Joel Whitburn \\\|year\\=2004 \\\|publisher\\=Record Research }} The single was the second most successful release for the Velvelettes, a minor Motown act which never released a full\\-length album.", "\"Throw a Farewell Kiss\", composed by Whitfield and Holland and produced by Whitfield, had been recorded in October 1962 and was issued as the [B\\-side](/wiki/B-side \"B-side\") of \"He Was Really Sayin' Somethin{{'\"}}. Six years later, Whitfield had [the Temptations](/wiki/The_Temptations \"The Temptations\") record \"Farewell Kiss\" for their 1971 album [Sky's the Limit](/wiki/Sky%27s_the_Limit_%28The_Temptations_album%29 \"Sky's the Limit (The Temptations album)\").", "### Bananarama version", "In 1982, the British [girl group](/wiki/Girl_group \"Girl group\") [Bananarama](/wiki/Bananarama \"Bananarama\") recorded a [cover version](/wiki/Cover_version \"Cover version\") of the song and released it as the first single from their debut album [Deep Sea Skiving](/wiki/Deep_Sea_Skiving \"Deep Sea Skiving\"). [Fun Boy Three](/wiki/Fun_Boy_Three \"Fun Boy Three\") provided background vocals, having had a hit with Bananarama earlier in the year with another cover, \"[T'ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)](/wiki/T%27ain%27t_What_You_Do_%28It%27s_the_Way_That_You_Do_It%29 \"T'ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)\")\".", "The 1982 single became the second consecutive top\\-five hit for both Bananarama and Fun Boy Three, peaking at number five in the [UK Singles Chart](/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart \"UK Singles Chart\"). It also received heavy play on the then\\-young [MTV](/wiki/MTV \"MTV\") network in America. \"Really Saying Something\" was both groups' second chart entry in Australia, peaking at number seventy\\-four. The B\\-side, \"Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares\", has been issued on CD for the first time on the 2007 UK reissue of [Deep Sea Skiving](/wiki/Deep_Sea_Skiving \"Deep Sea Skiving\") as one of five bonus tracks. It also became the group's third single to chart in America but only became a minor hit peaking at \\#108\\.", "In 2004, a remixed version of the song by Solasso was released as a [promotional single](/wiki/Promotional_single \"Promotional single\"). It was later included on Bananarama's album [Drama](/wiki/Drama_%28Bananarama_album%29 \"Drama (Bananarama album)\").", "#### Track listing", "* UK 7″ single (NANA1\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" – 2:41\n2. \"Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares\" – 2:44\n* US 7″ single (LD201\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (US version) – 3:44\n2. \"Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares\" – 2:44\n* UK 12″ vinyl (NANX1\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (extended mix) – 5:40\n1. Remixed by Fun Boy Three\n2. \"Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares\" (extended version) – 4:25\n* UK 12″ vinyl – stickered limited edition (NANX1\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (extended mix) – 5:40\n2. \"Aie A Mwana\" (extended version) – 5:46\n* US 12″ vinyl (LLD101\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (extended US version) – 7:50\n2. \"Aie A Mwana\" (extended US version) – 6:46\n3. \"Aie A Mwana\" (dub mix) – 4:38\n* German 12″ vinyl (6400 606\\)\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (extended mix) – 5:40\n2. \"Give Us Back Our Cheap Fares\" (extended version) – 4:25\n* 2004 versions\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" (Solasso mix) – 5:58\n2. \"Really Saying Something\" (Solasso radio edit)\n3. \"Really Saying Something\" (Solasso dirty dub) – 5:58\n4. \"Really Saying Something\" (Hardino radio edit)\n5. \"Really Saying Something\" (Hardino remix) – 6:20\n6. \"Really Saying Something\" (DJ Bomba \\& Soulseekerz remix) – 6:37\n7. \"Really Saying Something\" (Kenny Hayes Sunshine funk remix) – 5:34\n8. \"Really Saying Something\" (Giresse breakbeat remix) – 5:21\n9. \"Really Saying Something\" (Shanghai Surprise radio edit) – 3:21\n10. \"Really Saying Something\" (Shanghai Surprise club mix) – 6:44", "### Buffalo G version", "* + - * + {{Infobox song\n\t\t\t\t\\\| name \\= We're Really Saying Something\n\t\t\t\t\\\| cover \\= Buffalo G We're Really Saying Something CD1\\.jpg\n\t\t\t\t\\\| alt \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| type \\= single\n\t\t\t\t\\\| artist \\= \\[\\[Buffalo G]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| album \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| released \\= {{start date\\\|2000\\\|05\\\|29\\\|df\\=y}}\n\t\t\t\t\\\| recorded \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| studio \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| venue \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| genre \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Pop music\\\|Pop]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[pop rap]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| length \\= 3:18\n\t\t\t\t\\\| label \\= \\[\\[Epic Records\\\|Epic]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| writer \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Norman Whitfield]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[William \"Mickey\" Stevenson]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Eddie Holland\\\|Edward Holland, Jr.]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| producer \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| prev\\_title \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| prev\\_year \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| next\\_title \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| next\\_year \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| misc \\= {{Extra album cover\n\t\t\t\t \\\| header \\= Alternative cover\n\t\t\t\t \\\| type \\= single\n\t\t\t\t \\\| cover \\= Buffalo G We're Really Saying Something CD2\\.jpg\n\t\t\t\t \\\| border \\=\n\t\t\t\t \\\| alt \\=\n\t\t\t\t \\\| caption \\= CD2 cover\n\t\t\t\t}}\n\t\t\t\t}}", "The Irish [girl group](/wiki/Girl_group \"Girl group\") [Buffalo G](/wiki/Buffalo_G \"Buffalo G\") released a rap cover version of the song in 2000, reaching the top 20 in both the Irish and UK charts.", "### Shakespears Sister version", "* + - * + {{Infobox song\n\t\t\t\t\\\| name \\= Really Saying Something\n\t\t\t\t\\\| cover \\= ShakespearsSisterRSS.jpg\n\t\t\t\t\\\| alt \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| type \\= single\n\t\t\t\t\\\| artist \\= \\[\\[Shakespears Sister]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| album \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| released \\= {{start date\\\|2011\\\|04}}\n\t\t\t\t\\\| recorded \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| studio \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| venue \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\\| genre \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Pop music\\\|Pop]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Rock music\\\|rock]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| length \\= {{duration\\\|m\\=2\\\|s\\=36}}\n\t\t\t\t\\\| label \\= SF\n\t\t\t\t\\\| writer \\=\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Norman Whitfield]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[William \"Mickey\" Stevenson]]\n\t\t\t\t\\* \\[\\[Eddie Holland\\\|Edward Holland, Jr.]]\n\t\t\t\t\\\| producer \\= \n\t\t\t\t}}", "In late February 2011, Siobhan Fahey's current project, [Shakespears Sister](/wiki/Shakespears_Sister \"Shakespears Sister\") announced that they were releasing their own version of \"Really Saying Something\", as a special anniversary single, celebrating 30 years since Bananarama recorded their first single. The single was available exclusively on Shakespears Sister's website as a [digital download](/wiki/Music_download \"Music download\") and a limited edition [CD single](/wiki/CD_single \"CD single\").{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://shakespearssister.co.uk/shop.html\\\|title\\=Shop\\\|publisher\\=Shakespears Sister\\\|access\\-date\\=2012\\-01\\-06}} Copies of the CD single are no longer in production, and it is now one of Shakespears Sister's rarest collectibles to date. Fahey produced the single with her designer Anthony Walton, in an attempt to promote her forthcoming live releases.", "#### Track listing", "* CD single / digital download\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" – 2:36\n2. \"A Loaded Gun\" – 4:15\n* 2013 digital download\n1. \"Really Saying Something\" – 2:36\n2. \"A Loaded Gun\" – 4:15\n3. \"A Loaded Gun\" (early version)" ]
History ------- [thumb\\|Preserved [mainframe computer](/wiki/Mainframe_computer "Mainframe computer") unit of the MARS\-1 at the [JR East](/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company "East Japan Railway Company") [Railway Museum in Saitama](/wiki/Railway_Museum_%28Saitama%29 "Railway Museum (Saitama)"), September 2015\.](/wiki/File:MARS1%281%29.jpg "MARS1(1).jpg") ### MARS\-1 The [MARS\-1](/wiki/MARS_%28ticket_reservation_system%29 "MARS (ticket reservation system)") train ticket reservation system was designed and planned in the 1950s by the [Japanese National Railways](/wiki/Japanese_National_Railways "Japanese National Railways")' R\&D Institute, now the [Railway Technical Research Institute](/wiki/Railway_Technical_Research_Institute "Railway Technical Research Institute"), with the system eventually being produced by [Hitachi](/wiki/Hitachi "Hitachi") in 1958\.[【Hitachi and Japanese National Railways】 MARS\-1](http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/0030.html), [Information Processing Society of Japan](/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan "Information Processing Society of Japan") It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains.[Early Computers: Brief History](http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/history.html), [Information Processing Society of Japan](/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan "Information Processing Society of Japan") The MARS\-1 was capable of reserving seat positions, and was controlled by a [transistor computer](/wiki/Transistor_computer "Transistor computer") with a [central processing unit](/wiki/Central_processing_unit "Central processing unit") and a 400,000\-bit magnetic drum memory unit to hold seating files. It used many [registers](/wiki/Processor_register "Processor register"), to indicate whether seats in a train were vacant or reserved to accelerate searches of and updates to seat patterns, for communications with terminals, printing reservation notices, and [CRT](/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube "Cathode-ray tube") displays. ### Remote access In 1953 [Trans\-Canada Airlines](/wiki/Trans-Canada_Airlines "Trans-Canada Airlines") (TCA) started investigating a computer\-based system with remote [terminals](/wiki/Computer_terminal "Computer terminal"), testing one design on the [University of Toronto](/wiki/University_of_Toronto "University of Toronto")'s [Ferranti Mark 1](/wiki/Ferranti_Mark_1 "Ferranti Mark 1") machine that summer. Though successful, the researchers found that input and output was a major problem. [Ferranti Canada](/wiki/Ferranti_Canada "Ferranti Canada") became involved in the project and suggested a new system using [punched cards](/wiki/Punched_card "Punched card") and a [transistorized](/wiki/Transistor "Transistor") computer in place of the unreliable [tube](/wiki/Vacuum_tube "Vacuum tube")\-based Mark I. The resulting system, [ReserVec](/wiki/ReserVec "ReserVec"), started operation in 1962, and took over all booking operations in January 1963\. Terminals were placed in all of TCA's ticketing offices, allowing all queries and bookings to complete in about one second with no remote operators needed. In 1953 American Airlines [CEO](/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer") [C. R. Smith](/wiki/C._R._Smith "C. R. Smith") chanced to sit next to R. Blair Smith, a senior [IBM](/wiki/IBM "IBM") sales representative, on a flight from [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport "Los Angeles International Airport") to [New York](/wiki/John_F_Kennedy_International_Airport "John F Kennedy International Airport"). C.R. invited Blair to visit their Reservisor system and look for ways that IBM could improve the system. Blair alerted [Thomas Watson Jr.](/wiki/Thomas_Watson_Jr. "Thomas Watson Jr.") that American was interested in a major collaboration, and a series of low\-level studies started. Their idea of an automated [airline reservation system](/wiki/Airline_reservations_system "Airline reservations system") (ARS) resulted in a 1959 venture known as the [Semi\-Automatic Business Research Environment](/wiki/Sabre_%28computer_system%29 "Sabre (computer system)") (SABRE), launched the following year.R. Blair Smith, OH 34\. Oral history interview by Robina Mapstone, May 1980\. Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id\=9](http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=9) {{Webarchive\\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20020816141010/http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id\=9 \\|date\=2002\-08\-16 }} By the time the network was completed in December 1964, it was the largest civil [data processing](/wiki/Data_processing "Data processing") system in the world. Other airlines established their own systems. [Pan Am](/wiki/Pan_Am "Pan Am") launched its PANAMAC system in 1964\. [Delta Air Lines](/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines "Delta Air Lines") launched the Delta Automated Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968\. [United Airlines](/wiki/United_Airlines "United Airlines") and [Trans World Airlines](/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines "Trans World Airlines") followed in 1971 with the [Apollo Reservation System](/wiki/Apollo_Reservation_System "Apollo Reservation System") and [Programmed Airline Reservation System](/wiki/Programmed_Airline_Reservation_System "Programmed Airline Reservation System") (PARS), respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the process by accessing the various ARSes directly to make reservations. Fearful this would place too much power in the hands of agents, American Airlines executive [Robert Crandall](/wiki/Robert_Crandall "Robert Crandall") proposed creating an industry\-wide computer reservation system to be a central clearing house for U.S. travel; other airlines demurred, citing fear that [United States antitrust law](/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law "United States antitrust law") may have been breached. ### Travel agent access In 1976, United Airlines began offering its Apollo system to travel agents; while it would not allow the agents to book tickets on United's competitors, the marketing value of the convenient terminal proved indispensable. SABRE, PARS, and DATAS were soon released to travel agents as well. Following [airline deregulation](/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act "Airline Deregulation Act") in 1978, an efficient CRS proved particularly important; by some counts, [Texas Air](/wiki/Texas_Air "Texas Air") executive [Frank Lorenzo](/wiki/Frank_Lorenzo "Frank Lorenzo") purchased money\-losing [Eastern Air Lines](/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines "Eastern Air Lines") specifically to gain control of its SystemOne CRS. Also in 1976 [Videcom international](/wiki/Videcom_international "Videcom international") with [British Airways](/wiki/British_Airways "British Airways"), [British Caledonian](/wiki/British_Caledonian "British Caledonian") and CCL launched [Travicom](/wiki/Travicom "Travicom"), the world's first multi\-access reservations system (wholly based on Videcom technology), forming a network providing distribution for initially two and subsequently 49 subscribing international airlines (including British Airways, British Caledonian, [Trans World Airlines](/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines "Trans World Airlines"), [Pan Am](/wiki/Pan_Am "Pan Am"), [Qantas](/wiki/Qantas "Qantas"), [Singapore Airlines](/wiki/Singapore_Airlines "Singapore Airlines"), [Air France](/wiki/Air_France "Air France"), [Lufthansa](/wiki/Lufthansa "Lufthansa"), [Scandinavian Airlines System](/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System "Scandinavian Airlines System"), [Air Canada](/wiki/Air_Canada "Air Canada"), [KLM](/wiki/KLM "KLM"), [Alitalia](/wiki/Alitalia "Alitalia"), [Cathay Pacific](/wiki/Cathay_Pacific "Cathay Pacific") and [Japan Airlines](/wiki/Japan_Airlines "Japan Airlines")) to thousands of travel agents in the UK. It allowed agents and airlines to communicate via a common distribution language and network, handling 97% of UK airline business trade bookings by 1987\. The system went on to be replicated by Videcom in other areas of the world including the Middle East (DMARS), New Zealand, Kuwait (KMARS), Ireland, Caribbean, United States and Hong Kong. Travicom was a trading name for Travel Automation Services Ltd. When British Airways (who by then owned 100% of Travel Automation Services Ltd) chose to participate in the development of the Galileo system Travicom changed its trading name to Galileo UK and a migration process was put in place to move agencies from Travicom to Galileo. European airlines also began to invest in the field in the 1980s initially by deploying their own reservation systems in their homeland, propelled by growth in demand for travel as well as technological advances which allowed GDSes to offer ever\-increasing services and searching power. In 1987, a consortium led by Air France and West Germany's Lufthansa developed [Amadeus](/wiki/Amadeus_%28computer_system%29 "Amadeus (computer system)"), modeled on SystemOne. Amadeus Global Travel Distribution was launched in 1992\. In 1990, Delta, [Northwest Airlines](/wiki/Northwest_Airlines "Northwest Airlines"), and Trans World Airlines formed [Worldspan](/wiki/Worldspan "Worldspan"), and in 1993, another consortium (including British Airways, KLM, and [United Airlines](/wiki/United_Airlines "United Airlines"), among others) formed the competing company [Galileo GDS](/wiki/Galileo_GDS "Galileo GDS") based on Apollo. Numerous smaller companies such as KIU have also formed, aimed at niche markets not catered for by the four largest networks, including the [low\-cost carrier](/wiki/Low-cost_carrier "Low-cost carrier") segment, and small and medium size domestic and regional airlines.	[ "History\n-------", "[thumb\\\|Preserved [mainframe computer](/wiki/Mainframe_computer \"Mainframe computer\") unit of the MARS\\-1 at the [JR East](/wiki/East_Japan_Railway_Company \"East Japan Railway Company\") [Railway Museum in Saitama](/wiki/Railway_Museum_%28Saitama%29 \"Railway Museum (Saitama)\"), September 2015\\.](/wiki/File:MARS1%281%29.jpg \"MARS1(1).jpg\")", "### MARS\\-1", "The [MARS\\-1](/wiki/MARS_%28ticket_reservation_system%29 \"MARS (ticket reservation system)\") train ticket reservation system was designed and planned in the 1950s by the [Japanese National Railways](/wiki/Japanese_National_Railways \"Japanese National Railways\")' R\\&D Institute, now the [Railway Technical Research Institute](/wiki/Railway_Technical_Research_Institute \"Railway Technical Research Institute\"), with the system eventually being produced by [Hitachi](/wiki/Hitachi \"Hitachi\") in 1958\\.[【Hitachi and Japanese National Railways】 MARS\\-1](http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/0030.html), [Information Processing Society of Japan](/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan \"Information Processing Society of Japan\") It was the world's first seat reservation system for trains.[Early Computers: Brief History](http://museum.ipsj.or.jp/en/computer/dawn/history.html), [Information Processing Society of Japan](/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan \"Information Processing Society of Japan\") The MARS\\-1 was capable of reserving seat positions, and was controlled by a [transistor computer](/wiki/Transistor_computer \"Transistor computer\") with a [central processing unit](/wiki/Central_processing_unit \"Central processing unit\") and a 400,000\\-bit magnetic drum memory unit to hold seating files. It used many [registers](/wiki/Processor_register \"Processor register\"), to indicate whether seats in a train were vacant or reserved to accelerate searches of and updates to seat patterns, for communications with terminals, printing reservation notices, and [CRT](/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube \"Cathode-ray tube\") displays.", "### Remote access", "In 1953 [Trans\\-Canada Airlines](/wiki/Trans-Canada_Airlines \"Trans-Canada Airlines\") (TCA) started investigating a computer\\-based system with remote [terminals](/wiki/Computer_terminal \"Computer terminal\"), testing one design on the [University of Toronto](/wiki/University_of_Toronto \"University of Toronto\")'s [Ferranti Mark 1](/wiki/Ferranti_Mark_1 \"Ferranti Mark 1\") machine that summer. Though successful, the researchers found that input and output was a major problem. [Ferranti Canada](/wiki/Ferranti_Canada \"Ferranti Canada\") became involved in the project and suggested a new system using [punched cards](/wiki/Punched_card \"Punched card\") and a [transistorized](/wiki/Transistor \"Transistor\") computer in place of the unreliable [tube](/wiki/Vacuum_tube \"Vacuum tube\")\\-based Mark I. The resulting system, [ReserVec](/wiki/ReserVec \"ReserVec\"), started operation in 1962, and took over all booking operations in January 1963\\. Terminals were placed in all of TCA's ticketing offices, allowing all queries and bookings to complete in about one second with no remote operators needed.", "In 1953 American Airlines [CEO](/wiki/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\") [C. R. Smith](/wiki/C._R._Smith \"C. R. Smith\") chanced to sit next to R. Blair Smith, a senior [IBM](/wiki/IBM \"IBM\") sales representative, on a flight from [Los Angeles](/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport \"Los Angeles International Airport\") to [New York](/wiki/John_F_Kennedy_International_Airport \"John F Kennedy International Airport\"). C.R. invited Blair to visit their Reservisor system and look for ways that IBM could improve the system. Blair alerted [Thomas Watson Jr.](/wiki/Thomas_Watson_Jr. \"Thomas Watson Jr.\") that American was interested in a major collaboration, and a series of low\\-level studies started. Their idea of an automated [airline reservation system](/wiki/Airline_reservations_system \"Airline reservations system\") (ARS) resulted in a 1959 venture known as the [Semi\\-Automatic Business Research Environment](/wiki/Sabre_%28computer_system%29 \"Sabre (computer system)\") (SABRE), launched the following year.R. Blair Smith, OH 34\\. Oral history interview by Robina Mapstone, May 1980\\. Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. [http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id\\=9](http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id=9) {{Webarchive\\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20020816141010/http://www.cbi.umn.edu/oh/display.phtml?id\\=9 \\\|date\\=2002\\-08\\-16 }} By the time the network was completed in December 1964, it was the largest civil [data processing](/wiki/Data_processing \"Data processing\") system in the world.", "Other airlines established their own systems. [Pan Am](/wiki/Pan_Am \"Pan Am\") launched its PANAMAC system in 1964\\. [Delta Air Lines](/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines \"Delta Air Lines\") launched the Delta Automated Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968\\. [United Airlines](/wiki/United_Airlines \"United Airlines\") and [Trans World Airlines](/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines \"Trans World Airlines\") followed in 1971 with the [Apollo Reservation System](/wiki/Apollo_Reservation_System \"Apollo Reservation System\") and [Programmed Airline Reservation System](/wiki/Programmed_Airline_Reservation_System \"Programmed Airline Reservation System\") (PARS), respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the process by accessing the various ARSes directly to make reservations. Fearful this would place too much power in the hands of agents, American Airlines executive [Robert Crandall](/wiki/Robert_Crandall \"Robert Crandall\") proposed creating an industry\\-wide computer reservation system to be a central clearing house for U.S. travel; other airlines demurred, citing fear that [United States antitrust law](/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law \"United States antitrust law\") may have been breached.", "### Travel agent access", "In 1976, United Airlines began offering its Apollo system to travel agents; while it would not allow the agents to book tickets on United's competitors, the marketing value of the convenient terminal proved indispensable. SABRE, PARS, and DATAS were soon released to travel agents as well. Following [airline deregulation](/wiki/Airline_Deregulation_Act \"Airline Deregulation Act\") in 1978, an efficient CRS proved particularly important; by some counts, [Texas Air](/wiki/Texas_Air \"Texas Air\") executive [Frank Lorenzo](/wiki/Frank_Lorenzo \"Frank Lorenzo\") purchased money\\-losing [Eastern Air Lines](/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines \"Eastern Air Lines\") specifically to gain control of its SystemOne CRS.", "Also in 1976 [Videcom international](/wiki/Videcom_international \"Videcom international\") with [British Airways](/wiki/British_Airways \"British Airways\"), [British Caledonian](/wiki/British_Caledonian \"British Caledonian\") and CCL launched [Travicom](/wiki/Travicom \"Travicom\"), the world's first multi\\-access reservations system (wholly based on Videcom technology), forming a network providing distribution for initially two and subsequently 49 subscribing international airlines (including British Airways, British Caledonian, [Trans World Airlines](/wiki/Trans_World_Airlines \"Trans World Airlines\"), [Pan Am](/wiki/Pan_Am \"Pan Am\"), [Qantas](/wiki/Qantas \"Qantas\"), [Singapore Airlines](/wiki/Singapore_Airlines \"Singapore Airlines\"), [Air France](/wiki/Air_France \"Air France\"), [Lufthansa](/wiki/Lufthansa \"Lufthansa\"), [Scandinavian Airlines System](/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System \"Scandinavian Airlines System\"), [Air Canada](/wiki/Air_Canada \"Air Canada\"), [KLM](/wiki/KLM \"KLM\"), [Alitalia](/wiki/Alitalia \"Alitalia\"), [Cathay Pacific](/wiki/Cathay_Pacific \"Cathay Pacific\") and [Japan Airlines](/wiki/Japan_Airlines \"Japan Airlines\")) to thousands of travel agents in the UK. It allowed agents and airlines to communicate via a common distribution language and network, handling 97% of UK airline business trade bookings by 1987\\. The system went on to be replicated by Videcom in other areas of the world including the Middle East (DMARS), New Zealand, Kuwait (KMARS), Ireland, Caribbean, United States and Hong Kong. Travicom was a trading name for Travel Automation Services Ltd. When British Airways (who by then owned 100% of Travel Automation Services Ltd) chose to participate in the development of the Galileo system Travicom changed its trading name to Galileo UK and a migration process was put in place to move agencies from Travicom to Galileo.", "European airlines also began to invest in the field in the 1980s initially by deploying their own reservation systems in their homeland, propelled by growth in demand for travel as well as technological advances which allowed GDSes to offer ever\\-increasing services and searching power. In 1987, a consortium led by Air France and West Germany's Lufthansa developed [Amadeus](/wiki/Amadeus_%28computer_system%29 \"Amadeus (computer system)\"), modeled on SystemOne. Amadeus Global Travel Distribution was launched in 1992\\. In 1990, Delta, [Northwest Airlines](/wiki/Northwest_Airlines \"Northwest Airlines\"), and Trans World Airlines formed [Worldspan](/wiki/Worldspan \"Worldspan\"), and in 1993, another consortium (including British Airways, KLM, and [United Airlines](/wiki/United_Airlines \"United Airlines\"), among others) formed the competing company [Galileo GDS](/wiki/Galileo_GDS \"Galileo GDS\") based on Apollo. Numerous smaller companies such as KIU have also formed, aimed at niche markets not catered for by the four largest networks, including the [low\\-cost carrier](/wiki/Low-cost_carrier \"Low-cost carrier\") segment, and small and medium size domestic and regional airlines.", "" ]
History ------- The federal government began a quarry operation at what is now Potawatomi State Park in 1834\. Two years later, the [Menominee](/wiki/Menominee "Menominee") ceded their claim to the Door Peninsula, including the area which became Potawatomi State Park, to the United States in the 1831 [Treaty of Washington](/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington%2C_with_Menominee_%281831%29 "Treaty of Washington, with Menominee (1831)").[Ceded territories map](https://data.glifwc.org/ceded/reference.maps/Wisconsin1.Map64.png), Great Lakes Indian Fish \& Wildlife Commission ([GLIFWC](/wiki/Great_Lakes_Indian_Fish_%26_Wildlife_Commission "Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission")), [Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology \- 1896\-97, Part 2](https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=hornbeck_ind_1) by J. W. Powell, Charles C. Royce, and Cyrus Thomas, 1899, page 728 (page 217 of the pdf) Following the treaty the lands surrounding what is now the park were opened to settlement, which meant that the more decentralized Potawatomi in the area were divested of their land without compensation.Chapter on [The Migrations: 1835–1845](https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/2419668/pdf) in Place of refuge for all time by James A. Clifton, University of Ottawa Press, 1975, pages 65, 73, and 86–87 (pages 2, 10, and 23–24 of the pdf) In 1837 the federal government enacted a 1,000 acre federal reservation on the site. This legal designation prevented the area from being sold to settlers or absentee landowners. Instead it was reserved for federal ownership and came to be called "Government Bluff".[Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element](https://embed.widencdn.net/pdf/plus/widnr/vf5cjk33bu/FL_PotawatomiSP_MasterPlan_1987.pdf) by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II \- Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, page 8 (page 17 of the pdf) The rationale for not selling the land was twofold. The area was considered strategically valuable for military purposes because it had a commanding view of Sturgeon Bay and Green Bay. In addition the land was valuable because high quality dolomite could be quarried from the area.[Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element](https://embed.widencdn.net/pdf/plus/widnr/vf5cjk33bu/FL_PotawatomiSP_MasterPlan_1987.pdf) by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II \- Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, pages 7–8 (pages 16–17 of the pdf) The nature and scenic resources of Government Bluff were apparently coveted by the local inhabitants. Historical accounts give the distinct impression that the reservation's inaccessibility to the public was an unpopular restriction. Quarry operation never grew to the extent of several other local quarries, but the property remained in federal ownership until 1928\. Potawatomi State Park was created in 1928 by the Wisconsin state legislature after the purchase of 1,046\.10 acres from the federal government. During the ten succeeding years after the property was purchase, facilities for camping, picnicking, and hiking were developed. In the 1950s, other improvements to the park were made, including new toilets, park service building, and a new picnic shelter. A new park office building was built in 1983–1984\. An interesting facet to the history of the park was the development of a winter sports recreation area. The facilities were developed in 1941 in cooperation with a group of winter sports enthusiasts known as the Sturgeon Bay Winter Sports Club. Downhill skiing, tobogganing, and ski\-jumping were popular activities. Tows for skiers and tobogganers were provided as were rental equipment, food, and beverages. The area was operated by different groups with various names over the years. The area at one time exclusively a downhill ski hill with two main ski runs and a recently installed chairlift. A non\-profit corporation, the Potawatomi Ski Club, leased the ski area from the state and operated it for public recreation. The ski hill closed following the 1997–1998 season due to an insufficient number of volunteers, club members being made personally responsible for maintenance expenditures, and a string of mild winters.[Door County’s Old Ski Hills: Warm Memories of Cold Winter Fun](https://doorcountypulse.com/warm-memories-of-cold-winter-fun/) by Karen Grota Nordahl, Door County Living November 15, 2007 [thumb\\|upright\=0\.9\\|Trailhead sign](/wiki/File:Trailhead%2C_Ice_Age_Trail%2C_Potawatomi_State_Park%2C_Door_County%2C_Wisconsin.jpg "Trailhead, Ice Age Trail, Potawatomi State Park, Door County, Wisconsin.jpg")	[ "History\n-------", "The federal government began a quarry operation at what is now Potawatomi State Park in 1834\\. Two years later, the [Menominee](/wiki/Menominee \"Menominee\") ceded their claim to the Door Peninsula, including the area which became Potawatomi State Park, to the United States in the 1831 [Treaty of Washington](/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington%2C_with_Menominee_%281831%29 \"Treaty of Washington, with Menominee (1831)\").[Ceded territories map](https://data.glifwc.org/ceded/reference.maps/Wisconsin1.Map64.png), Great Lakes Indian Fish \\& Wildlife Commission ([GLIFWC](/wiki/Great_Lakes_Indian_Fish_%26_Wildlife_Commission \"Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission\")), [Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology \\- 1896\\-97, Part 2](https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=hornbeck_ind_1) by J. W. Powell, Charles C. Royce, and Cyrus Thomas, 1899, page 728 (page 217 of the pdf) Following the treaty the lands surrounding what is now the park were opened to settlement, which meant that the more decentralized Potawatomi in the area were divested of their land without compensation.Chapter on [The Migrations: 1835–1845](https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/2419668/pdf) in Place of refuge for all time by James A. Clifton, University of Ottawa Press, 1975, pages 65, 73, and 86–87 (pages 2, 10, and 23–24 of the pdf)", "In 1837 the federal government enacted a 1,000 acre federal reservation on the site. This legal designation prevented the area from being sold to settlers or absentee landowners. Instead it was reserved for federal ownership and came to be called \"Government Bluff\".[Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element](https://embed.widencdn.net/pdf/plus/widnr/vf5cjk33bu/FL_PotawatomiSP_MasterPlan_1987.pdf) by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II \\- Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, page 8 (page 17 of the pdf) The rationale for not selling the land was twofold. The area was considered strategically valuable for military purposes because it had a commanding view of Sturgeon Bay and Green Bay. In addition the land was valuable because high quality dolomite could be quarried from the area.[Potawatomi State Park Master Plan Concept Element](https://embed.widencdn.net/pdf/plus/widnr/vf5cjk33bu/FL_PotawatomiSP_MasterPlan_1987.pdf) by Dan Rogers, Arnie Lindaue, Terry Lynchwick, Tom Bahti, and Harry Porter, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, May 28, 1987, Section II \\- Support Data, Part A. Background information, Item 4: History of the Property, pages 7–8 (pages 16–17 of the pdf)", "The nature and scenic resources of Government Bluff were apparently coveted by the local inhabitants. Historical accounts give the distinct impression that the reservation's inaccessibility to the public was an unpopular restriction. Quarry operation never grew to the extent of several other local quarries, but the property remained in federal ownership until 1928\\.", "Potawatomi State Park was created in 1928 by the Wisconsin state legislature after the purchase of 1,046\\.10 acres from the federal government. During the ten succeeding years after the property was purchase, facilities for camping, picnicking, and hiking were developed.", "In the 1950s, other improvements to the park were made, including new toilets, park service building, and a new picnic shelter. A new park office building was built in 1983–1984\\.", "An interesting facet to the history of the park was the development of a winter sports recreation area. The facilities were developed in 1941 in cooperation with a group of winter sports enthusiasts known as the Sturgeon Bay Winter Sports Club. Downhill skiing, tobogganing, and ski\\-jumping were popular activities. Tows for skiers and tobogganers were provided as were rental equipment, food, and beverages.", "The area was operated by different groups with various names over the years. The area at one time exclusively a downhill ski hill with two main ski runs and a recently installed chairlift. A non\\-profit corporation, the Potawatomi Ski Club, leased the ski area from the state and operated it for public recreation.", "The ski hill closed following the 1997–1998 season due to an insufficient number of volunteers, club members being made personally responsible for maintenance expenditures, and a string of mild winters.[Door County’s Old Ski Hills: Warm Memories of Cold Winter Fun](https://doorcountypulse.com/warm-memories-of-cold-winter-fun/) by Karen Grota Nordahl, Door County Living November 15, 2007", "[thumb\\\|upright\\=0\\.9\\\|Trailhead sign](/wiki/File:Trailhead%2C_Ice_Age_Trail%2C_Potawatomi_State_Park%2C_Door_County%2C_Wisconsin.jpg \"Trailhead, Ice Age Trail, Potawatomi State Park, Door County, Wisconsin.jpg\")", "" ]
History ------- The band's origins started with the disintegration of [the Time](/wiki/The_Time_%28band%29 "The Time (band)") in 1984\. Lead singer [Morris Day](/wiki/Morris_Day "Morris Day") had left the band to pursue a solo career and guitarist [Jesse Johnson](/wiki/Jesse_Johnson_%28musician%29 "Jesse Johnson (musician)") became the [de facto](/wiki/De_facto "De facto") band leader. Prince suggested restructuring the band with new member [Paul Peterson](/wiki/Paul_Peterson "Paul Peterson") to head the group, but Johnson opposed. A few of the Time's newer members followed Johnson to join his backing band (called Jesse Johnson's Revue). As the Time had served as an outlet for Prince to release more music, he wanted to continue this avenue, presenting the remaining members of the Time, [Jellybean Johnson](/wiki/Jellybean_Johnson "Jellybean Johnson"), [Jerome Benton](/wiki/Jerome_Benton "Jerome Benton"), and Paul Peterson, with his new project. They agreed to become a new band called the Family, with Peterson renamed "St. Paul" as the frontman and bassist. Johnson and Benton reprised their familiar roles from the Time. Prince added [Susannah Melvoin](/wiki/Susannah_Melvoin "Susannah Melvoin"), the twin sister of [Revolution](/wiki/The_Revolution_%28band%29 "The Revolution (band)") guitarist [Wendy Melvoin](/wiki/Wendy_and_Lisa "Wendy and Lisa"), as a backing singer and keyboardist. The fifth member was [Eric Leeds](/wiki/Eric_Leeds "Eric Leeds"), the brother of Prince's tour manager [Alan Leeds](/wiki/Alan_Leeds "Alan Leeds"), who provided [saxophone](/wiki/Saxophone "Saxophone") and [flute](/wiki/Flute "Flute"). Also joining was bassist Allen Flowers. Guitarist [Miko Weaver](/wiki/Miko_Weaver "Miko Weaver"), from [Sheila E.](/wiki/Sheila_E. "Sheila E.")'s band, is credited in the album credits because he was to be a session and tour player, but was never officially a member of the band. Much like the Time, the band's material was composed entirely by Prince, with the exception of "River Run Dry", which was written by Revolution drummer [Bobby Z.](/wiki/Bobby_Z. "Bobby Z.") Prince wrote and performed all the other tracks and simply [overdubbed](/wiki/Overdub "Overdub") Peterson's and Melvoin's vocals and added Leeds' saxophone and flute. On several tracks, Prince's vocals can be clearly heard. Some of the original demos have surfaced as [bootlegs](/wiki/Bootleg_recording "Bootleg recording") and circulate among fans with Prince's original lead vocals, as well as two outtakes: the instrumental "Feline" and the pop "Miss Understood". As on other associates' albums, Prince falsely gave writing credit to the various band members, though he kept his name on "[Nothing Compares 2 U](/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U "Nothing Compares 2 U")". The tracks were all recorded in a span of a few weeks at the end of 1984 after Prince had finished sessions for [Around the World in a Day](/wiki/Around_the_World_in_a_Day "Around the World in a Day") and just before he started recording for Sheila E.'s album [Romance 1600](/wiki/Romance_1600 "Romance 1600") and his own [Parade](/wiki/Parade_%28Prince_album%29 "Parade (Prince album)") album. ### Album {{Main\\|The Family (The Family album)}} The album itself is a mix of uptempo funk songs ("High Fashion", "Mutiny"), unconventional soul ballads ("Nothing Compares 2 U", "Desire"), jazz\-funk instrumental tracks ("Yes", "Susannah's Pajamas") and New Wave songs ("The Screams of Passion", "River Run Dry"). "The Screams of Passion" was released as the first single from the album.{{cite web\\|last1\=Henderson\\|first1\=Alex\\|title\=The Family \- The Family (1985\): Review\\|url\=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the\-family\-mw0001882542\\|website\=AllMusic\\|access\-date\=28 January 2022}} MTV placed the video for the song in light rotation. "High Fashion" was the second single, but no video was made. The album sold poorly upon its release and has been out of print in any form since the late 1980s in the [United States](/wiki/United_States "United States"). A [compact disc](/wiki/Compact_disc "Compact disc") version was printed in Germany in the early 1990s following the success of [Sinéad O'Connor](/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor "Sinéad O'Connor")'s cover version of "[Nothing Compares 2 U](/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U "Nothing Compares 2 U")" which was released that same year and is highly valued among Prince fans and collectors. Prince often incorporated the track "Mutiny" into the setlist of his [Parade Tour](/wiki/Parade_Tour "Parade Tour") in 1986, which occasionally was extended to contain the chorus of his song "Dream Factory" and the snarky chant "St. Paul – punk of the month!" (due to his annoynance of Peterson's decision to depart) as well as on subsequent tours. From 1990 onward, Prince occasionally added "Nothing Compares 2 U" to his tour setlist. ### Breakup After the band performed a single concert, released their [self\-titled album](/wiki/The_Family_%28The_Family_album%29 "The Family (The Family album)") and only two singles, Peterson felt constricted by Prince's control and opted to pursue his own career. Without a lead singer, Prince lost interest and absorbed most of the remaining members into the expanded Revolution with the exception of Johnson, who went on to join the [Flyte Tyme](/wiki/Flyte_Tyme_%28band%29 "Flyte Tyme (band)") music production team of [Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis](/wiki/Jimmy_Jam_and_Terry_Lewis "Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis"). ### Reformation and fDeluxe According to St. Paul's website,{{cite web\\|url\=https://www.paulpeterson.com/bio\-credits\\|title\=St. Paul Peterson \- Bio/Credits\\|accessdate\=2014\-07\-10}} he fondly remembers his time with the Family and often plays songs from the album in concert. The Family reunited on December 13, 2003, for a single performance for charity along with other acts formerly associated with Prince. On January 26, 2007, the Family announced that it was returning to the music scene with a tour and a recording of new music. Now called fDeluxe, the band reformed in June 2011 and released an album titled Gaslight with four of the five original members performing.{{cite web \\|title\=Our Family Story\\|url\=http://www.fdeluxe.com/about.html\\|website\=fdeluxe.com\\|access\-date\=16 November 2021}}	[ "History\n-------", "The band's origins started with the disintegration of [the Time](/wiki/The_Time_%28band%29 \"The Time (band)\") in 1984\\. Lead singer [Morris Day](/wiki/Morris_Day \"Morris Day\") had left the band to pursue a solo career and guitarist [Jesse Johnson](/wiki/Jesse_Johnson_%28musician%29 \"Jesse Johnson (musician)\") became the [de facto](/wiki/De_facto \"De facto\") band leader. Prince suggested restructuring the band with new member [Paul Peterson](/wiki/Paul_Peterson \"Paul Peterson\") to head the group, but Johnson opposed. A few of the Time's newer members followed Johnson to join his backing band (called Jesse Johnson's Revue).", "As the Time had served as an outlet for Prince to release more music, he wanted to continue this avenue, presenting the remaining members of the Time, [Jellybean Johnson](/wiki/Jellybean_Johnson \"Jellybean Johnson\"), [Jerome Benton](/wiki/Jerome_Benton \"Jerome Benton\"), and Paul Peterson, with his new project. They agreed to become a new band called the Family, with Peterson renamed \"St. Paul\" as the frontman and bassist. Johnson and Benton reprised their familiar roles from the Time. Prince added [Susannah Melvoin](/wiki/Susannah_Melvoin \"Susannah Melvoin\"), the twin sister of [Revolution](/wiki/The_Revolution_%28band%29 \"The Revolution (band)\") guitarist [Wendy Melvoin](/wiki/Wendy_and_Lisa \"Wendy and Lisa\"), as a backing singer and keyboardist. The fifth member was [Eric Leeds](/wiki/Eric_Leeds \"Eric Leeds\"), the brother of Prince's tour manager [Alan Leeds](/wiki/Alan_Leeds \"Alan Leeds\"), who provided [saxophone](/wiki/Saxophone \"Saxophone\") and [flute](/wiki/Flute \"Flute\"). Also joining was bassist Allen Flowers. Guitarist [Miko Weaver](/wiki/Miko_Weaver \"Miko Weaver\"), from [Sheila E.](/wiki/Sheila_E. \"Sheila E.\")'s band, is credited in the album credits because he was to be a session and tour player, but was never officially a member of the band.", "Much like the Time, the band's material was composed entirely by Prince, with the exception of \"River Run Dry\", which was written by Revolution drummer [Bobby Z.](/wiki/Bobby_Z. \"Bobby Z.\") Prince wrote and performed all the other tracks and simply [overdubbed](/wiki/Overdub \"Overdub\") Peterson's and Melvoin's vocals and added Leeds' saxophone and flute. On several tracks, Prince's vocals can be clearly heard. Some of the original demos have surfaced as [bootlegs](/wiki/Bootleg_recording \"Bootleg recording\") and circulate among fans with Prince's original lead vocals, as well as two outtakes: the instrumental \"Feline\" and the pop \"Miss Understood\". As on other associates' albums, Prince falsely gave writing credit to the various band members, though he kept his name on \"[Nothing Compares 2 U](/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U \"Nothing Compares 2 U\")\". The tracks were all recorded in a span of a few weeks at the end of 1984 after Prince had finished sessions for [Around the World in a Day](/wiki/Around_the_World_in_a_Day \"Around the World in a Day\") and just before he started recording for Sheila E.'s album [Romance 1600](/wiki/Romance_1600 \"Romance 1600\") and his own [Parade](/wiki/Parade_%28Prince_album%29 \"Parade (Prince album)\") album.", "### Album", "{{Main\\\|The Family (The Family album)}}\nThe album itself is a mix of uptempo funk songs (\"High Fashion\", \"Mutiny\"), unconventional soul ballads (\"Nothing Compares 2 U\", \"Desire\"), jazz\\-funk instrumental tracks (\"Yes\", \"Susannah's Pajamas\") and New Wave songs (\"The Screams of Passion\", \"River Run Dry\"). \"The Screams of Passion\" was released as the first single from the album.{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Henderson\\\|first1\\=Alex\\\|title\\=The Family \\- The Family (1985\\): Review\\\|url\\=https://www.allmusic.com/album/the\\-family\\-mw0001882542\\\|website\\=AllMusic\\\|access\\-date\\=28 January 2022}} MTV placed the video for the song in light rotation. \"High Fashion\" was the second single, but no video was made.", "The album sold poorly upon its release and has been out of print in any form since the late 1980s in the [United States](/wiki/United_States \"United States\"). A [compact disc](/wiki/Compact_disc \"Compact disc\") version was printed in Germany in the early 1990s following the success of [Sinéad O'Connor](/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor \"Sinéad O'Connor\")'s cover version of \"[Nothing Compares 2 U](/wiki/Nothing_Compares_2_U \"Nothing Compares 2 U\")\" which was released that same year and is highly valued among Prince fans and collectors.", "Prince often incorporated the track \"Mutiny\" into the setlist of his [Parade Tour](/wiki/Parade_Tour \"Parade Tour\") in 1986, which occasionally was extended to contain the chorus of his song \"Dream Factory\" and the snarky chant \"St. Paul – punk of the month!\" (due to his annoynance of Peterson's decision to depart) as well as on subsequent tours. From 1990 onward, Prince occasionally added \"Nothing Compares 2 U\" to his tour setlist.", "### Breakup", "After the band performed a single concert, released their [self\\-titled album](/wiki/The_Family_%28The_Family_album%29 \"The Family (The Family album)\") and only two singles, Peterson felt constricted by Prince's control and opted to pursue his own career. Without a lead singer, Prince lost interest and absorbed most of the remaining members into the expanded Revolution with the exception of Johnson, who went on to join the [Flyte Tyme](/wiki/Flyte_Tyme_%28band%29 \"Flyte Tyme (band)\") music production team of [Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis](/wiki/Jimmy_Jam_and_Terry_Lewis \"Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis\").", "### Reformation and fDeluxe", "According to St. Paul's website,{{cite web\\\|url\\=https://www.paulpeterson.com/bio\\-credits\\\|title\\=St. Paul Peterson \\- Bio/Credits\\\|accessdate\\=2014\\-07\\-10}} he fondly remembers his time with the Family and often plays songs from the album in concert. The Family reunited on December 13, 2003, for a single performance for charity along with other acts formerly associated with Prince. On January 26, 2007, the Family announced that it was returning to the music scene with a tour and a recording of new music. Now called fDeluxe, the band reformed in June 2011 and released an album titled Gaslight with four of the five original members performing.{{cite web \\\|title\\=Our Family Story\\\|url\\=http://www.fdeluxe.com/about.html\\\|website\\=fdeluxe.com\\\|access\\-date\\=16 November 2021}}", "" ]
Life ---- Casimir V was the youngest son of Duke [Swantibor III](/wiki/Swantibor_III%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania "Swantibor III, Duke of Pomerania") of (1351–1413\), who ruled Pomerania\-Stettin alone. His older brothers were [Otto II](/wiki/Otto_II%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania "Otto II, Duke of Pomerania") (born: c. 1380 – died 1428\) and Albert (died before 1412\). His father made him leader of the Pomeranian contingent who took part in the [Battle of Tannenberg (1410\)](/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_%281410%29 "Battle of Tannenberg (1410)") on the side of the [Teutonic Order](/wiki/Teutonic_Order "Teutonic Order"). The battle was won by the [Polish](/wiki/Poland "Poland"), who took Casimir prisoner. He was released soon afterwards. In the [Battle of Kremmer Damm (1412\)](/wiki/Battle_of_Kremmer_Damm_%281412%29 "Battle of Kremmer Damm (1412)"), Casimir and his older brother Otto II fought against [Brandenburg](/wiki/Brandenburg "Brandenburg"). After Duke Swantibors's death in 1413, Casimir and his older brother Otto II jointly ruled Pomerania\-Stettin. The war with Brandenburg continued. In 1415, Elector [Frederick I](/wiki/Frederick_I%2C_Elector_of_Brandenburg "Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg") of Brandenburg convinced King [Sigismund](/wiki/Sigismund%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor "Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor") to outlaw Otto II and Casimir V. He also called the [imperial immediacy](/wiki/Imperial_immediacy "Imperial immediacy") of Pomerania in question. In 1417, Sigismund [enfeoffed](/wiki/Enfeoffment "Enfeoffment") Otto and Casimir, but this was conditional on any rights Brandenburg might have on Pomerania. In 1424, Casimir visited Sigismund in [Buda](/wiki/Buda "Buda") in Hungary. Otto and Casimir were then enfeoffed unconditionally. After Otto II died childless in 1428, Casimir ruled Pomerania\-Stettin alone. He suppressed a revolt in the city of [Szczecin](/wiki/Szczecin "Szczecin"). He ordered the execution of the ringleaders, the city had to pay a steep fine and resign from the [Hanseatic League](/wiki/Hanseatic_League "Hanseatic League"). Casimir V died in 1435 and was buried in the Otten Church in Stettin. His son [Joachim the Younger](/wiki/Joachim%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania "Joachim, Duke of Pomerania") succeeded him as ruler of Pomerania\-Stettin.	[ "Life\n----", "Casimir V was the youngest son of Duke [Swantibor III](/wiki/Swantibor_III%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania \"Swantibor III, Duke of Pomerania\") of (1351–1413\\), who ruled Pomerania\\-Stettin alone. His older brothers were [Otto II](/wiki/Otto_II%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania \"Otto II, Duke of Pomerania\") (born: c. 1380 – died 1428\\) and Albert (died before 1412\\).", "His father made him leader of the Pomeranian contingent who took part in the [Battle of Tannenberg (1410\\)](/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_%281410%29 \"Battle of Tannenberg (1410)\") on the side of the [Teutonic Order](/wiki/Teutonic_Order \"Teutonic Order\"). The battle was won by the [Polish](/wiki/Poland \"Poland\"), who took Casimir prisoner. He was released soon afterwards. In the [Battle of Kremmer Damm (1412\\)](/wiki/Battle_of_Kremmer_Damm_%281412%29 \"Battle of Kremmer Damm (1412)\"), Casimir and his older brother Otto II fought against [Brandenburg](/wiki/Brandenburg \"Brandenburg\").", "After Duke Swantibors's death in 1413, Casimir and his older brother Otto II jointly ruled Pomerania\\-Stettin. The war with Brandenburg continued. In 1415, Elector [Frederick I](/wiki/Frederick_I%2C_Elector_of_Brandenburg \"Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg\") of Brandenburg convinced King [Sigismund](/wiki/Sigismund%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor\") to outlaw Otto II and Casimir V. He also called the [imperial immediacy](/wiki/Imperial_immediacy \"Imperial immediacy\") of Pomerania in question. In 1417, Sigismund [enfeoffed](/wiki/Enfeoffment \"Enfeoffment\") Otto and Casimir, but this was conditional on any rights Brandenburg might have on Pomerania. In 1424, Casimir visited Sigismund in [Buda](/wiki/Buda \"Buda\") in Hungary. Otto and Casimir were then enfeoffed unconditionally.", "After Otto II died childless in 1428, Casimir ruled Pomerania\\-Stettin alone. He suppressed a revolt in the city of [Szczecin](/wiki/Szczecin \"Szczecin\"). He ordered the execution of the ringleaders, the city had to pay a steep fine and resign from the [Hanseatic League](/wiki/Hanseatic_League \"Hanseatic League\").", "Casimir V died in 1435 and was buried in the Otten Church in Stettin. His son [Joachim the Younger](/wiki/Joachim%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania \"Joachim, Duke of Pomerania\") succeeded him as ruler of Pomerania\\-Stettin.", "" ]
Offseason --------- ### Expectations After their poor finish to the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_New_York_Giants_season "2006 New York Giants season"), where the Giants lost 7 of their last 9 games after a 6–2 start (albeit achieving a playoff berth in the last week of the season), expectations for the Giants were generally low. Many pundits began to consider [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") as a potential draft bust, especially when considering fellow 2004 draft pick [Ben Roethlisberger](/wiki/Ben_Roethlisberger "Ben Roethlisberger")'s Super Bowl run in 2005 and [Philip Rivers](/wiki/Philip_Rivers "Philip Rivers") leading his team, the Chargers, to a 14–2 regular season in 2006; making matters worse, older brother [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning "Peyton Manning"), who Eli was often compared unfavorably to, had led the Colts to the Super Bowl victory that same year and won the MVP of the game. At the same time, head coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") came under intense criticism due to his fiery coaching style and strict team rules, and many (including fans) believed that he deserved to be fired after the team's collapse in the second half of the season. In particular, they noted the team's lack of discipline and unity down the stretch and considered these actions a reflection of Coughlin's coaching. Finally [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber "Tiki Barber"), the Giants's all\-time leading rusher and the catalyst for much of their success the previous two seasons, retired at just 31 years of age to enter a broadcasting career. The Giants decided to give Tom Coughlin one more chance heading into the 2007 season, giving him a one\-year contract extension. This essentially indicated that he needed to get the Giants into the postseason in order to receive a long\-term contract extension. After his family demonstrated concern over his on\-field persona and his apparent anger towards his players, Coughlin decided to undergo a personality change heading into the season. While his strict team rules (most notoriously, his five\-minute early rule for a team meeting) remained in place, he became less angry and more encouraging towards his players, and the players took note of his change. Coughlin also set up a leadership committee with [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") and other team captains in order to relate to his players better. The Giants also entered the season with two new coordinators. Coughlin promoted quarterbacks coach [Kevin Gilbride](/wiki/Kevin_Gilbride "Kevin Gilbride") to offensive coordinator, a position he would hold until his retirement after the 2013 season. He also fired defensive coordinator [Tim Lewis](/wiki/Tim_Lewis "Tim Lewis") and replaced him with [Steve Spagnuolo](/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo "Steve Spagnuolo"), who would have a crucial impact on the Giants's 4\-3 defense. Defensive end [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan") held out for the entirety of training camp. Having previously been disillusioned with Tom Coughlin's coaching methods, he spent the offseason debating whether or not he would come back for the season, and decided that since he had already played for 14 seasons, he wouldn't have needed the training camp anyway. He eventually returned to the team mere weeks before the season started. Despite his training camp holdout and a hefty fine for not attending the camp, he was still elected as a team captain. Expectations, however, were still low as few predicted that the Giants would make the playoffs. Perception grew worse as Tiki Barber, now an analyst for NBC, began attacking his former team, particularly Tom Coughlin and especially Eli Manning. Barber attacked Manning not only as a non\-productive quarterback, but declared that his leadership skills were "almost comical." When asked about Barber's comments, Manning noted that he didn't have to take the comments seriously, considering that Barber announced his intentions to leave the team in the middle of the previous season. America's Game: The 2007 New York Giants. NFL Super Bowl XLII \- New York Giants Championship DVD. Tom Coughlin: A Football Life. ### Giants free agents heading into the 2007 season Players whose contracts expire become [free agents](/wiki/Free_agent "Free agent"), and are classified (or "tagged") according to the players' [collective bargaining agreement](/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreement "Collective bargaining agreement") as [restricted free agents](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent "Restricted free agent") (RFA), [unrestricted free agents](/wiki/Unrestricted_free_agent "Unrestricted free agent") (UFA), or exclusive\-rights free agents (ERFA). Players listed in green were retained by the team, while those in red were signed by another franchise. Restricted free agents are indicated by the round in which the player was originally drafted, as this determines qualifying offers and compensation. \| Position \| Player \| Free agencytag \| Date signed \| 2007 team \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| [Offensive guard](/wiki/Guard_%28American_football%29 "Guard (American football)") \| [Lewis Kelly](/wiki/Lewis_Kelly "Lewis Kelly") \| UFA \| — \| (none) \| \| [Center](/wiki/Center_%28American_football%29 "Center (American football)") \| [Ryan Kuehl](/wiki/Ryan_Kuehl "Ryan Kuehl") \| UFA \| February 27 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants") \| \| Center \| [Shaun O'Hara](/wiki/Shaun_O%27Hara "Shaun O'Hara") \| UFA \| March 1 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants") \| \| Center \| [Grey Ruegamer](/wiki/Grey_Ruegamer "Grey Ruegamer") \| UFA \| \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants") \| \| [Tight end](/wiki/Tight_end "Tight end") \| [Visanthe Shiancoe](/wiki/Visanthe_Shiancoe "Visanthe Shiancoe") \| UFA \| March 4 \| [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings "Minnesota Vikings") \| \| [Outside linebacker](/wiki/Linebacker "Linebacker") \| [Brandon Short](/wiki/Brandon_Short "Brandon Short") \| UFA \| — \| (none) \| \| Outside linebacker \| [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor "Reggie Torbor") \| RFA (4\) \| May 3 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants") \| \| [Cornerback](/wiki/Cornerback "Cornerback") \| [Frank Walker](/wiki/Frank_Walker_%28American_football%29 "Frank Walker (American football)") \| UFA \| March 13 \| [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") \| \| [Running back](/wiki/Running_back "Running back") \| [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward") \| RFA (7\) \| March 1 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants") \| \| [Safety](/wiki/Safety_%28American_football_position%29 "Safety (American football position)") \| [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson "Gibril Wilson") \| RFA (2\) \| May 3 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants "New York Giants"){{cite news\\|url\=http://www.nypost.com/seven/05042007/sports/giants/gibril\_cant\_play\_it\_safe\_giants\_paul\_schwartz.htm\\|publisher\=New York Post\\|title\=Gibril Can't Play It Safe\\|first\=Paul\\|last\=Schwartz\\|date\=2007\-05\-04\\|access\-date\=2008\-01\-22\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320203138/http://www.nypost.com/seven/05042007/sports/giants/gibril\_cant\_play\_it\_safe\_giants\_paul\_schwartz.htm\\|archive\-date\=2008\-03\-20\\|url\-status\=dead}} \| ### Draft Class {{main article\\|2007 NFL Draft}} {{NFL team draft start \\|teamname \= New York Giants \\|year \= 2007 }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= \[\[List of New York Giants first\-round draft picks\\|'''1''']] \\| pick \= 20 \\| player \= \[\[Aaron Ross]] \\| position \= \[\[Cornerback]] \\| college \= \[\[Texas Longhorns football\\|Texas]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''2''' \\| pick \= 51 \\| player \= \[\[Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985\)\\|Steve Smith]] \\| position \= \[\[Wide receiver]] \\| college \= \[\[USC Trojans football\\|USC]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= yes }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''3''' \\| pick \= 81 \\| player \= \[\[Jay Alford]] \\| position \= \[\[Defensive tackle]] \\| college \= \[\[Penn State Nittany Lions football\\|Penn State]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''4''' \\| pick \= 116 \\| player \= \[\[Zak DeOssie]] \\| position \= \[\[Outside linebacker]] \\| college \= \[\[Brown Bears\\|Brown]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= yes }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''5''' \\| pick \= 153 \\| player \= \[\[Kevin Boss]] \\| position \= \[\[Tight end]] \\| college \= \[\[Western Oregon Wolves football\\|Western Oregon]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''6''' \\| pick \= 189 \\| player \= \[\[Adam Koets]] \\| position \= \[\[Offensive tackle]] \\| college \= \[\[Oregon State Beavers football\\|Oregon State]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''7''' \\| pick \= 224 \\| player \= \[\[Michael Johnson (safety)\\|Michael Johnson]] \\| position \= \[\[Safety (American and Canadian football position)\\|Safety]] \\| college \= \[\[Arizona Wildcats football\\|Arizona]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft entry \\| round \= '''7''' \\| pick \= 250 \\| player \= \[\[Ahmad Bradshaw]] \\| position \= \[\[Running back]] \\| college \= \[\[Marshall Thundering Herd football\\|Marshall]] \\| notes \= \\| maderoster \= yes \\| hof \= \\| probowl \= }} {{NFL team draft end}} NOTES: The Giants were awarded an additional seventh\-round pick (\#250 overall) as a [compensatory selection](/wiki/Compensatory_selection "Compensatory selection"). ### Training camp photos File:Eli Manning and QBs at 2007 Giants camp.jpg\\|\[\[Eli Manning]] and quarterbacks in training File:2007 NY Giants training camp \- defensive players.jpg\\|Defensive players at 2007 camp, \[\[University at Albany, SUNY\\|Albany]] File:Kevin Gilbride and Giants offense in 2007\.jpg\\|\[\[Kevin Gilbride]], Giants offense File:5 New York Giants players at 2007 training camp.jpg\\|\<nowiki\>\#\</nowiki\>89 \[\[Kevin Boss]], \#69 \[\[Rich Seubert]], \#76 \[\[Chris Snee]], \#95 \[\[Adrian Awasom]] File:Gibril Wilson, Jeremy Shockey, and Fred Robbins at 2007 Giants training camp.jpg\\|\[\[Gibril Wilson]], \[\[Jeremy Shockey]] and \[\[Fred Robbins]] File:Corey Webster, Barry Robertson, Rodney Burgess, Kawika Mitchell enter 2007 training camp.jpg\\|\[\[Corey Webster]], \[\[Barry Robertson]], \[\[Rodney Burgess\\|Burgess]] and \[\[Kawika Mitchell\\|Mitchell]]	[ "Offseason\n---------", "### Expectations", "After their poor finish to the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_New_York_Giants_season \"2006 New York Giants season\"), where the Giants lost 7 of their last 9 games after a 6–2 start (albeit achieving a playoff berth in the last week of the season), expectations for the Giants were generally low. Many pundits began to consider [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") as a potential draft bust, especially when considering fellow 2004 draft pick [Ben Roethlisberger](/wiki/Ben_Roethlisberger \"Ben Roethlisberger\")'s Super Bowl run in 2005 and [Philip Rivers](/wiki/Philip_Rivers \"Philip Rivers\") leading his team, the Chargers, to a 14–2 regular season in 2006; making matters worse, older brother [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning \"Peyton Manning\"), who Eli was often compared unfavorably to, had led the Colts to the Super Bowl victory that same year and won the MVP of the game. At the same time, head coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") came under intense criticism due to his fiery coaching style and strict team rules, and many (including fans) believed that he deserved to be fired after the team's collapse in the second half of the season. In particular, they noted the team's lack of discipline and unity down the stretch and considered these actions a reflection of Coughlin's coaching. Finally [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber \"Tiki Barber\"), the Giants's all\\-time leading rusher and the catalyst for much of their success the previous two seasons, retired at just 31 years of age to enter a broadcasting career.", "The Giants decided to give Tom Coughlin one more chance heading into the 2007 season, giving him a one\\-year contract extension. This essentially indicated that he needed to get the Giants into the postseason in order to receive a long\\-term contract extension. After his family demonstrated concern over his on\\-field persona and his apparent anger towards his players, Coughlin decided to undergo a personality change heading into the season. While his strict team rules (most notoriously, his five\\-minute early rule for a team meeting) remained in place, he became less angry and more encouraging towards his players, and the players took note of his change. Coughlin also set up a leadership committee with [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") and other team captains in order to relate to his players better.", "The Giants also entered the season with two new coordinators. Coughlin promoted quarterbacks coach [Kevin Gilbride](/wiki/Kevin_Gilbride \"Kevin Gilbride\") to offensive coordinator, a position he would hold until his retirement after the 2013 season. He also fired defensive coordinator [Tim Lewis](/wiki/Tim_Lewis \"Tim Lewis\") and replaced him with [Steve Spagnuolo](/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo \"Steve Spagnuolo\"), who would have a crucial impact on the Giants's 4\\-3 defense.", "Defensive end [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\") held out for the entirety of training camp. Having previously been disillusioned with Tom Coughlin's coaching methods, he spent the offseason debating whether or not he would come back for the season, and decided that since he had already played for 14 seasons, he wouldn't have needed the training camp anyway. He eventually returned to the team mere weeks before the season started. Despite his training camp holdout and a hefty fine for not attending the camp, he was still elected as a team captain.", "Expectations, however, were still low as few predicted that the Giants would make the playoffs. Perception grew worse as Tiki Barber, now an analyst for NBC, began attacking his former team, particularly Tom Coughlin and especially Eli Manning. Barber attacked Manning not only as a non\\-productive quarterback, but declared that his leadership skills were \"almost comical.\" When asked about Barber's comments, Manning noted that he didn't have to take the comments seriously, considering that Barber announced his intentions to leave the team in the middle of the previous season.", "America's Game: The 2007 New York Giants.\nNFL Super Bowl XLII \\- New York Giants Championship DVD.\nTom Coughlin: A Football Life.", "### Giants free agents heading into the 2007 season", "Players whose contracts expire become [free agents](/wiki/Free_agent \"Free agent\"), and are classified (or \"tagged\") according to the players' [collective bargaining agreement](/wiki/Collective_bargaining_agreement \"Collective bargaining agreement\") as [restricted free agents](/wiki/Restricted_free_agent \"Restricted free agent\") (RFA), [unrestricted free agents](/wiki/Unrestricted_free_agent \"Unrestricted free agent\") (UFA), or exclusive\\-rights free agents (ERFA). Players listed in green were retained by the team, while those in red were signed by another franchise. Restricted free agents are indicated by the round in which the player was originally drafted, as this determines qualifying offers and compensation.", "", "\| Position \| Player \| Free agencytag \| Date signed \| 2007 team \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| [Offensive guard](/wiki/Guard_%28American_football%29 \"Guard (American football)\") \| [Lewis Kelly](/wiki/Lewis_Kelly \"Lewis Kelly\") \| UFA \| — \| (none) \|\n\| [Center](/wiki/Center_%28American_football%29 \"Center (American football)\") \| [Ryan Kuehl](/wiki/Ryan_Kuehl \"Ryan Kuehl\") \| UFA \| February 27 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\") \|\n\| Center \| [Shaun O'Hara](/wiki/Shaun_O%27Hara \"Shaun O'Hara\") \| UFA \| March 1 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\") \|\n\| Center \| [Grey Ruegamer](/wiki/Grey_Ruegamer \"Grey Ruegamer\") \| UFA \| \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\") \|\n\| [Tight end](/wiki/Tight_end \"Tight end\") \| [Visanthe Shiancoe](/wiki/Visanthe_Shiancoe \"Visanthe Shiancoe\") \| UFA \| March 4 \| [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings \"Minnesota Vikings\") \|\n\| [Outside linebacker](/wiki/Linebacker \"Linebacker\") \| [Brandon Short](/wiki/Brandon_Short \"Brandon Short\") \| UFA \| — \| (none) \|\n\| Outside linebacker \| [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor \"Reggie Torbor\") \| RFA (4\\) \| May 3 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\") \|\n\| [Cornerback](/wiki/Cornerback \"Cornerback\") \| [Frank Walker](/wiki/Frank_Walker_%28American_football%29 \"Frank Walker (American football)\") \| UFA \| March 13 \| [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") \|\n\| [Running back](/wiki/Running_back \"Running back\") \| [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\") \| RFA (7\\) \| March 1 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\") \|\n\| [Safety](/wiki/Safety_%28American_football_position%29 \"Safety (American football position)\") \| [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson \"Gibril Wilson\") \| RFA (2\\) \| May 3 \| [New York Giants](/wiki/New_York_Giants \"New York Giants\"){{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.nypost.com/seven/05042007/sports/giants/gibril\\_cant\\_play\\_it\\_safe\\_giants\\_paul\\_schwartz.htm\\\|publisher\\=New York Post\\\|title\\=Gibril Can't Play It Safe\\\|first\\=Paul\\\|last\\=Schwartz\\\|date\\=2007\\-05\\-04\\\|access\\-date\\=2008\\-01\\-22\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320203138/http://www.nypost.com/seven/05042007/sports/giants/gibril\\_cant\\_play\\_it\\_safe\\_giants\\_paul\\_schwartz.htm\\\|archive\\-date\\=2008\\-03\\-20\\\|url\\-status\\=dead}} \|", "### Draft Class", "{{main article\\\|2007 NFL Draft}}\n{{NFL team draft start\n\\\|teamname \\= New York Giants\n\\\|year \\= 2007\n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= \\[\\[List of New York Giants first\\-round draft picks\\\|'''1''']]\n \\\| pick \\= 20\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Aaron Ross]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Cornerback]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Texas Longhorns football\\\|Texas]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''2'''\n \\\| pick \\= 51\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985\\)\\\|Steve Smith]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Wide receiver]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[USC Trojans football\\\|USC]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= yes\n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''3'''\n \\\| pick \\= 81\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Jay Alford]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Defensive tackle]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Penn State Nittany Lions football\\\|Penn State]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''4'''\n \\\| pick \\= 116\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Zak DeOssie]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Outside linebacker]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Brown Bears\\\|Brown]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= yes\n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''5'''\n \\\| pick \\= 153\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Kevin Boss]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Tight end]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Western Oregon Wolves football\\\|Western Oregon]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''6'''\n \\\| pick \\= 189\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Adam Koets]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Offensive tackle]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Oregon State Beavers football\\\|Oregon State]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''7'''\n \\\| pick \\= 224\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Michael Johnson (safety)\\\|Michael Johnson]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Safety (American and Canadian football position)\\\|Safety]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Arizona Wildcats football\\\|Arizona]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft entry\n \\\| round \\= '''7'''\n \\\| pick \\= 250\n \\\| player \\= \\[\\[Ahmad Bradshaw]]\n \\\| position \\= \\[\\[Running back]]\n \\\| college \\= \\[\\[Marshall Thundering Herd football\\\|Marshall]]\n \\\| notes \\= \n \\\| maderoster \\= yes\n \\\| hof \\= \n \\\| probowl \\= \n}}\n{{NFL team draft end}}\nNOTES:\nThe Giants were awarded an additional seventh\\-round pick (\\#250 overall) as a [compensatory selection](/wiki/Compensatory_selection \"Compensatory selection\").", "### Training camp photos", "", "File:Eli Manning and QBs at 2007 Giants camp.jpg\\\|\\[\\[Eli Manning]] and quarterbacks in training\nFile:2007 NY Giants training camp \\- defensive players.jpg\\\|Defensive players at 2007 camp, \\[\\[University at Albany, SUNY\\\|Albany]]\nFile:Kevin Gilbride and Giants offense in 2007\\.jpg\\\|\\[\\[Kevin Gilbride]], Giants offense\nFile:5 New York Giants players at 2007 training camp.jpg\\\|\\<nowiki\\>\\#\\</nowiki\\>89 \\[\\[Kevin Boss]], \\#69 \\[\\[Rich Seubert]], \\#76 \\[\\[Chris Snee]], \\#95 \\[\\[Adrian Awasom]]\nFile:Gibril Wilson, Jeremy Shockey, and Fred Robbins at 2007 Giants training camp.jpg\\\|\\[\\[Gibril Wilson]], \\[\\[Jeremy Shockey]] and \\[\\[Fred Robbins]]\nFile:Corey Webster, Barry Robertson, Rodney Burgess, Kawika Mitchell enter 2007 training camp.jpg\\\|\\[\\[Corey Webster]], \\[\\[Barry Robertson]], \\[\\[Rodney Burgess\\\|Burgess]] and \\[\\[Kawika Mitchell\\\|Mitchell]]", "", "" ]
### Expectations After their poor finish to the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_New_York_Giants_season "2006 New York Giants season"), where the Giants lost 7 of their last 9 games after a 6–2 start (albeit achieving a playoff berth in the last week of the season), expectations for the Giants were generally low. Many pundits began to consider [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") as a potential draft bust, especially when considering fellow 2004 draft pick [Ben Roethlisberger](/wiki/Ben_Roethlisberger "Ben Roethlisberger")'s Super Bowl run in 2005 and [Philip Rivers](/wiki/Philip_Rivers "Philip Rivers") leading his team, the Chargers, to a 14–2 regular season in 2006; making matters worse, older brother [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning "Peyton Manning"), who Eli was often compared unfavorably to, had led the Colts to the Super Bowl victory that same year and won the MVP of the game. At the same time, head coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") came under intense criticism due to his fiery coaching style and strict team rules, and many (including fans) believed that he deserved to be fired after the team's collapse in the second half of the season. In particular, they noted the team's lack of discipline and unity down the stretch and considered these actions a reflection of Coughlin's coaching. Finally [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber "Tiki Barber"), the Giants's all\-time leading rusher and the catalyst for much of their success the previous two seasons, retired at just 31 years of age to enter a broadcasting career. The Giants decided to give Tom Coughlin one more chance heading into the 2007 season, giving him a one\-year contract extension. This essentially indicated that he needed to get the Giants into the postseason in order to receive a long\-term contract extension. After his family demonstrated concern over his on\-field persona and his apparent anger towards his players, Coughlin decided to undergo a personality change heading into the season. While his strict team rules (most notoriously, his five\-minute early rule for a team meeting) remained in place, he became less angry and more encouraging towards his players, and the players took note of his change. Coughlin also set up a leadership committee with [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") and other team captains in order to relate to his players better. The Giants also entered the season with two new coordinators. Coughlin promoted quarterbacks coach [Kevin Gilbride](/wiki/Kevin_Gilbride "Kevin Gilbride") to offensive coordinator, a position he would hold until his retirement after the 2013 season. He also fired defensive coordinator [Tim Lewis](/wiki/Tim_Lewis "Tim Lewis") and replaced him with [Steve Spagnuolo](/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo "Steve Spagnuolo"), who would have a crucial impact on the Giants's 4\-3 defense. Defensive end [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan") held out for the entirety of training camp. Having previously been disillusioned with Tom Coughlin's coaching methods, he spent the offseason debating whether or not he would come back for the season, and decided that since he had already played for 14 seasons, he wouldn't have needed the training camp anyway. He eventually returned to the team mere weeks before the season started. Despite his training camp holdout and a hefty fine for not attending the camp, he was still elected as a team captain. Expectations, however, were still low as few predicted that the Giants would make the playoffs. Perception grew worse as Tiki Barber, now an analyst for NBC, began attacking his former team, particularly Tom Coughlin and especially Eli Manning. Barber attacked Manning not only as a non\-productive quarterback, but declared that his leadership skills were "almost comical." When asked about Barber's comments, Manning noted that he didn't have to take the comments seriously, considering that Barber announced his intentions to leave the team in the middle of the previous season. America's Game: The 2007 New York Giants. NFL Super Bowl XLII \- New York Giants Championship DVD. Tom Coughlin: A Football Life.	[ "### Expectations", "After their poor finish to the [2006 season](/wiki/2006_New_York_Giants_season \"2006 New York Giants season\"), where the Giants lost 7 of their last 9 games after a 6–2 start (albeit achieving a playoff berth in the last week of the season), expectations for the Giants were generally low. Many pundits began to consider [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") as a potential draft bust, especially when considering fellow 2004 draft pick [Ben Roethlisberger](/wiki/Ben_Roethlisberger \"Ben Roethlisberger\")'s Super Bowl run in 2005 and [Philip Rivers](/wiki/Philip_Rivers \"Philip Rivers\") leading his team, the Chargers, to a 14–2 regular season in 2006; making matters worse, older brother [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning \"Peyton Manning\"), who Eli was often compared unfavorably to, had led the Colts to the Super Bowl victory that same year and won the MVP of the game. At the same time, head coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") came under intense criticism due to his fiery coaching style and strict team rules, and many (including fans) believed that he deserved to be fired after the team's collapse in the second half of the season. In particular, they noted the team's lack of discipline and unity down the stretch and considered these actions a reflection of Coughlin's coaching. Finally [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber \"Tiki Barber\"), the Giants's all\\-time leading rusher and the catalyst for much of their success the previous two seasons, retired at just 31 years of age to enter a broadcasting career.", "The Giants decided to give Tom Coughlin one more chance heading into the 2007 season, giving him a one\\-year contract extension. This essentially indicated that he needed to get the Giants into the postseason in order to receive a long\\-term contract extension. After his family demonstrated concern over his on\\-field persona and his apparent anger towards his players, Coughlin decided to undergo a personality change heading into the season. While his strict team rules (most notoriously, his five\\-minute early rule for a team meeting) remained in place, he became less angry and more encouraging towards his players, and the players took note of his change. Coughlin also set up a leadership committee with [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") and other team captains in order to relate to his players better.", "The Giants also entered the season with two new coordinators. Coughlin promoted quarterbacks coach [Kevin Gilbride](/wiki/Kevin_Gilbride \"Kevin Gilbride\") to offensive coordinator, a position he would hold until his retirement after the 2013 season. He also fired defensive coordinator [Tim Lewis](/wiki/Tim_Lewis \"Tim Lewis\") and replaced him with [Steve Spagnuolo](/wiki/Steve_Spagnuolo \"Steve Spagnuolo\"), who would have a crucial impact on the Giants's 4\\-3 defense.", "Defensive end [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\") held out for the entirety of training camp. Having previously been disillusioned with Tom Coughlin's coaching methods, he spent the offseason debating whether or not he would come back for the season, and decided that since he had already played for 14 seasons, he wouldn't have needed the training camp anyway. He eventually returned to the team mere weeks before the season started. Despite his training camp holdout and a hefty fine for not attending the camp, he was still elected as a team captain.", "Expectations, however, were still low as few predicted that the Giants would make the playoffs. Perception grew worse as Tiki Barber, now an analyst for NBC, began attacking his former team, particularly Tom Coughlin and especially Eli Manning. Barber attacked Manning not only as a non\\-productive quarterback, but declared that his leadership skills were \"almost comical.\" When asked about Barber's comments, Manning noted that he didn't have to take the comments seriously, considering that Barber announced his intentions to leave the team in the middle of the previous season.", "America's Game: The 2007 New York Giants.\nNFL Super Bowl XLII \\- New York Giants Championship DVD.\nTom Coughlin: A Football Life.", "" ]
Regular season -------------- ### Week 1: at Dallas Cowboys {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\=Giants \\|R1\=6 \\|R2\=10 \\|R3\=3 \\|R4\=16 \\|Home\='''Cowboys''' \\|H1\=3 \\|H2\=14 \\|H3\=14 \\|H4\=14 \\|stadium\= \[\[Texas Stadium]], \[\[Irving, Texas]] \\|date\=September 9 \\|time\= 8:15 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 78 °\[\[Fahrenheit\\|F]] (26 °\[\[Celsius\\|C]]), Cloudy Skies \\|attendance\= 63,031 \\|referee\= \[\[Ed Hochuli]] \\|TV\=NBC \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Al Michaels]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29208/DAL\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants opened up their 2007 campaign with a 45–35 loss to the Dallas Cowboys at Texas Stadium. For the second straight year, the Giants left Dallas with injuries to key starters including DE [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora "Osi Umenyiora"), RB [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs"), and QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning"). Before suffering a separated shoulder in the fourth quarter, Manning put on a stellar performance, completing 28 of 41 passes, for 312 yards, 4 touchdowns and just 1 interception. However, a horrid defensive performance overshadowed his play. The Giants got off to a fast start as Eli hit [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") on a 60\-yard touchdown pass off play action to open up the scoring. Burress and Manning would connect for 3 touchdowns on the night. After a Dallas took a 17–6 lead late in the half, Eli led the Giants on another drive, capped off to his second strike to Burress. Burress on the night caught 9 passes for 144 receiving yards. The Giants closed to within one at half's end following a [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") field goal after a Dallas fumble. Romo hit [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens "Terrell Owens") on a 22\-yard pass to give Dallas an 8\-point lead. After the Giants cut the lead to five on another Tynes field goal, Dallas increased the margin to 12 as Romo capped off a quick four play drive with a 9\-yard rush. The Cowboys appeared to put the game away with yet another Romo touchdown, once again finding Terrell Owens on a wide open catch and run, upping margin to 38–22\. Eli and the Giants responded with two straight scoring drives. One finished with a dumpoff touchdown pass from Manning to reserve running back [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward") and the other with Burress' 3rd touchdown, cutting the Dallas lead to three. On a crucial 3rd and seven late in the game, Romo hit backup wideout [Sam Hurd](/wiki/Sam_Hurd "Sam Hurd") for a 51\-yard touchdown. With Manning injuring his shoulder, backup [Jared Lorenzen](/wiki/Jared_Lorenzen "Jared Lorenzen") finished the game for the Giants at quarterback late in the fourth quarter. [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") in his return from a knee injury, notched 9 catches for 91 yards while Burress gained 144\. [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck "Justin Tuck") and [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson "Gibril Wilson") recorded the Giants' only sack and interception of the night respectively in the 45–35 loss as the Giants began the season at 0–1\. It would be the only road loss for the Giants in the season.{{cite web\\|title\=2007 New York Giants Statistics \& Players\\|publisher\=Pro\-Football\-Reference.com\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/teams/nyg/2007\.htm\\|access\-date\=May 29, 2019}} ### Week 2: vs. Green Bay Packers {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Packers''' \\|R1\=0 \\|R2\=7 \\|R3\=7 \\|R4\=21 \\|Home\=Giants \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=10 \\|H3\=3 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=September 16 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 64 °F (18 °C), Mostly Cloudy \\|attendance\= 78,701 \\|referee\= \[\[Gene Steratore]] \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29214/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} [thumb\\|right\\|The Giants playing defense against the Packers](/wiki/Image:GBNYShotgun.jpg "GBNYShotgun.jpg") The Giants played their Week 2 home opener against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers"). After both teams missed a field goal to open the game, Green Bay got on the board first with a 6\-yard run by rookie DeShawn Wynn. The Giants responded with a 26\-yard scoring strike by Eli Manning to Plaxico Burress. The Giants got a Lawrence Tynes field goal and a 10–7 half time lead. In the second half, the Packers drove 51 yards to start the second half. Favre capped off the scoring drive with a 2\-yard pass to Bubba Franks for a 14–10 lead the Packers would not relinquish. The Giants responded with another drive but once again, an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty, this one on Amani Toomer, hurt the Giants. Tynes kicked a second field goal, pulling the Giants to within one.{{cite web\\|title\=Green Bay Packers at New York Giants – September 16th, 2007\\|publisher\=Pro\-Football\-Reference.com\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200709160nyg.htm\\|access\-date\=May 29, 2019}} The Packers went on to score 21 unanswered points. With the loss, the Giants would fall to 0–2 for the first time since 1996\. Also, within the two games they played, the Giants gave up a total of 80 points. {{Clear}} ### Week 3: at Washington Redskins {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=0 \\|R3\=7 \\|R4\=14 \\|Home\=Redskins \\|H1\=7 \\|H2\=10 \\|H3\=0 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[FedExField]], \[\[Landover, Maryland]] \\|date\=September 23 \\|time\= 4:15 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 82 °F (28 °C), Sunny \\|attendance\= 90,803 \\|referee\= \[\[Walt Coleman]] \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29240/WAS\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} In the first quarter, New York got the first score as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") hit a 34\-yard field goal. The Redskins took the lead with RB [Clinton Portis](/wiki/Clinton_Portis "Clinton Portis") getting a 1\-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Redskins QB [Jason Campbell](/wiki/Jason_Campbell "Jason Campbell") threw an 8\-yard TD pass to TE [Chris Cooley](/wiki/Chris_Cooley_%28American_football%29 "Chris Cooley (American football)"), while kicker [Shaun Suisham](/wiki/Shaun_Suisham "Shaun Suisham") ended the half with a 47\-yard field goal that gave Washington a 17–3 lead.{{cite web\\|title\=New York Giants at Washington Redskins – September 23rd, 2007\\|publisher\=Pro\-Football\-Reference.com\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200709230was.htm\\|access\-date\=May 29, 2019}} [thumb\\|The Giants on defense against the Redskins](/wiki/File:Redskins_vs_Giants_line_of_scrimmage_throwbacks.jpg "Redskins vs Giants line of scrimmage throwbacks.jpg") With the Giants staring at a 14\-point deficit, and an 0–2 start to their season, the Giants came out strong to start the second half. In the third quarter, QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") finally got the Giants offense turned around and RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") would score on a 1\-yard TD run to cut the lead in half. In the fourth quarter, Droughns rushed again for a 1\-yard touchdown, while Manning completed a 33\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), giving the Giants a startling 24–17 lead against the home team. In the game's final moments, Washington found first and goal at the Giants 1\-yard line. New York's defense then proceeded to make a goal\-line stand as they stopped RB [Ladell Betts](/wiki/Ladell_Betts "Ladell Betts") from getting into the end zone on 4th down during the final seconds of the game. This goal line stand was known as the initial catalyst of the Giants' Super Bowl season. With the win, the Giants improved to 1–2\. ### Week 4: vs. Philadelphia Eagles {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\=Eagles \\|R1\=0 \\|R2\=0 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=3 \\|Home\='''Giants''' \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=7 \\|H3\=9 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=September 30 \\|time\= 8:15 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 67 °F (19 °C), Mostly Clear \\|attendance\= 78,862 \\|referee\= \[\[Terry McAulay]] \\|TV\=NBC \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Al Michaels]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29255/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Coming off their divisional road win over the Redskins, the Giants went home for a Sunday night divisional duel with the [Philadelphia Eagles](/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles "Philadelphia Eagles"). New York's defense held the Eagles to no first half points, while in the second quarter, New York got on the board first with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completing a 9\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") for the only score of the half. In the third quarter, the Giants increased its lead with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") getting a 29\-yard field goal, along with LB [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell") recovering a fumble, getting up, and returning the fumble 17\-yards for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles would get their only points of the game with kicker [David Akers](/wiki/David_Akers "David Akers") making a 53\-yard field goal. On the night, New York's defense sacked QB [Donovan McNabb](/wiki/Donovan_McNabb "Donovan McNabb") 12 times (tying an NFL record), with half of those sacks coming from DE [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora "Osi Umenyiora"). Also, DE [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan") had one sack in the game to surpass [Lawrence Taylor](/wiki/Lawrence_Taylor "Lawrence Taylor") as the Giants' All\-Time Sack Leader (Taylor was present at the game). With the victory, New York improved to 2–2\. ### Week 5: vs. New York Jets {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\=Jets \\|R1\=7 \\|R2\=10 \\|R3\=7 \\|R4\=0 \\|Home\='''Giants''' \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=7 \\|H3\=14 \\|H4\=14 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=October 7 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 81 °F (27 °C), Partly Sunny \\|referee\= \[\[Bill Carollo]] \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on CBS\\|CBS]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Dick Enberg]] (play\-by\-play) and \[\[Randy Cross]] (color commentator) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29261/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants clinched their third straight victory with a 35–24 triumph over the [New York Jets](/wiki/New_York_Jets "New York Jets"). The Giants scored 28 points in the decisive second half to overcome a 10\-point deficit. Rookie CB [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross "Aaron Ross") made his presence felt with a crucial interception off of QB [Chad Pennington](/wiki/Chad_Pennington "Chad Pennington") with the Jets driving and up three in the third then sealed the win with an interception return for a touchdown late in the fourth. The Jets got off to a fast start as returning running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") fumbled and the Jets' [Kerry Rhodes](/wiki/Kerry_Rhodes "Kerry Rhodes") returned it for a TD. The Giants responded with a 9\-play, 67\-yard drive ending in a touchdown run by [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward"). However, the Giants defense, susceptible to third down conversions the first week of the season struggled again today and allowed the Jets to drive 93 yards late in the half for a 14–7 lead. The Jets were 3 for 3 on third down on the drive including some big catches by [Laveranues Coles](/wiki/Laveranues_Coles "Laveranues Coles"). Pennington hit [Brad Smith](/wiki/Brad_Smith_%28American_football%2C_born_1983%29 "Brad Smith (American football, born 1983)") for a 16\-yard touchdown. After a bad interception from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning"), the Jets added a field goal by [Mike Nugent](/wiki/Mike_Nugent "Mike Nugent") for a 17–7 halftime lead. The Giants fought back, going back to the ground game to start the second half. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") added a 25\-yard completion from Manning and Jacobs pounded it in for a 19\-yard touchdown. The Jets responded as [Leon Washington](/wiki/Leon_Washington "Leon Washington") ran 98 yards for a touchdown. Big Blue again fought back, driving 68 yards featuring a mix of runs and passes. [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey "Jeremy Shockey") notched his first touchdown of the season with a 13\-yard catch and run bringing the Giants within three after three quarters. The Jets responded with a drive of their own including several third down conversions but rookie Aaron Ross made the first of several big plays including a deep interception. The Giants drove 99 yards, which ended with a spectacular 53\-yard touchdown catch and run by Plaxico Burress, who stiff\-armed a Jet defender down the sideline. With the Jets driving for a score, Ross struck again, intercepting Pennington and returned it 43 yards to clinch the win. Brandon Jacobs notched his first ever 100\-yard rushing performance, Manning managed 186 yards and 2 touchdowns despite a poor first half, [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora "Osi Umenyiora") added a sack and [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison "Sam Madison") added his first interception of the season. The Giants had now won four straight regular season meetings against the Jets and improved to 3–2 on the season. ### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=14 \\|R2\=7 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=10 \\|Home\=Falcons \\|H1\=10 \\|H2\=0 \\|H3\=0 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Georgia Dome]], \[\[Atlanta\\|Atlanta, Georgia]] \\|date\=October 15 \\|time\= 8:30 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\=Game Played Indoors (Domed Stadium) \\|referee\= \[\[Bill Leavy]] \\|TV\=\[\[Monday Night Football\\|ESPN]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Mike Tirico]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Ron Jaworski]] and \[\[Tony Kornheiser]] (color commentators) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29283/ATL\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants cruised to their fourth straight win with an easy 31–10 victory over the [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons "Atlanta Falcons") on Monday Night Football. After the Falcons moved the ball and scored three points on a 47\-yard field goal by [Morten Andersen](/wiki/Morten_Andersen "Morten Andersen"), the Giants took the lead on a five\-yard [play\-action](/wiki/Play_action "Play action") touchdown pass from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer"). The Falcons responded as [Jerious Norwood](/wiki/Jerious_Norwood "Jerious Norwood") ran 67 yards untouched, putting the Falcons on top 10–7\. New York responded with a quick six\-play, 82\-yard drive capped off by a 1\-yard touchdown run by [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") for a 14–10\. After the defense stopped Atlanta again, the Giants took command as Manning hit [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") for his eighth and league\-lead\-tying touchdown from 42 yards out and a 21–10 lead. The Giants squandered several chances to add on more points as the team struggled moving at the end of the first half and Eli Manning threw a late interception. In the second half, the defense continued to dominate. [Fred Robbins](/wiki/Fred_Robbins "Fred Robbins"), [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce "Antonio Pierce") and [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck "Justin Tuck") notched sacks for Big Blue and rookie [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross "Aaron Ross") added his third interception in two weeks. The Giants added a [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") field goal from 32 yards out for a 14\-point lead, then capped off the win with a nine\-yard touchdown run by [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward"). On the night, the Giants rushed for 188 yards, Eli Manning passed for 303 yards along with a pair of touchdowns and interceptions and the defense shut down Atlanta following the slow start. Burress led the Giants with 97 receiving yards and Amani Toomer became the Giants all\-time reception leader, catching 7 passes for 89 yards including his early touchdown. The Giants improved to 4–2 and took a four\-game winning streak into the next week's game against the 49ers. * The Giants and Falcons series has now been won by the road team the last 12 meetings. * The Giants notched their 600th franchise win. * The 6\.7 [Nielsen rating](/wiki/Nielsen_ratings "Nielsen ratings") (8\.48 million viewers) was the lowest in Monday Night Football history, however it was the highest rated cable program for the week. The decisive Game 4 of the [National League Championship Series](/wiki/2007_National_League_Championship_Series "2007 National League Championship Series") was played at the same time.{{cite news \\|url\=http://www.multichannel.com/article/CA6492388\.html \\|publisher\=\[\[Variety (magazine)\\|Variety]] (Multichannel News) \\|title\=ESPN's 'Monday Night Football' Ratings Hit Record Low \\|author\=Mike Reynolds \\|date\=2007\-10\-24 \\|access\-date\=2007\-10\-25}} ### Week 7: vs. San Francisco 49ers {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\=49ers \\|R1\=0 \\|R2\=7 \\|R3\=2 \\|R4\=6 \\|Home\='''Giants''' \\|H1\=6 \\|H2\=13 \\|H3\=7 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=October 21 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 69 °F (21 °C), Sunny \\|referee\= \[\[Ron Winter]] \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Matt Vasgersian]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Daryl Johnston]] (color commentator) and \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29289/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants recorded their fifth straight victory with a convincing 33–15 win over the [San Francisco 49ers](/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers "San Francisco 49ers") at Giants Stadium. Things started off well as the Giants drove right down the field on their opening possession. The balanced, well\-executed seven\-minute drive was capped off by a 4\-yard touchdown pass from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer"). The extra point was missed by [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes"). On their next possession, the Giants were driving for more, but a tipped ball resulted in an interception inside the red zone. The 49ers responded with a nice drive of their own, aided by a personal foul on linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce "Antonio Pierce") and several third down conversions. San Francisco cashed in with a touchdown from [Trent Dilfer](/wiki/Trent_Dilfer "Trent Dilfer") to [Arnaz Battle](/wiki/Arnaz_Battle "Arnaz Battle"). Following a [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore "Frank Gore") fumble, the Giants took control. The running game, which accounted for 140 total yards helped the Giants move back in front. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") scored on a five\-yard run for a 13–7 lead. After an interception by [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison "Sam Madison"), the Giants added a 30\-yard field goal by Tynes. Tynes made it 19–7 at the half with another field goal, this time from 39 yards, inside the final minute. The Giants defense dominated in the second half, notching six sacks and four total turnovers. [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora "Osi Umenyiora") put the game away with a sack, forced fumble, and 75\-yard touchdown return up the field for a 26–7 lead. The Niners got two points back on a blocked punt out of the end zone but Antonio Pierce redeemed himself for two earlier personal fouls by intercepting Trent Dilfer and returning the ball inside the 10\. After a flag on the 49ers, Manning threw his second touchdown, this time to [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey "Jeremy Shockey") for a 33–9 lead. The 49ers scored late to provide the final points in the 33–15 win. On the day, Brandon Jacobs rushed for 107 yards, Manning completed 18 of 31 passes for nearly 150 yards with two touchdowns and an interception, and the defense notched six sacks: 2\.5 for [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan"), 1\.5 for [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck "Justin Tuck"), 1 for [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross "Aaron Ross") and 1 for Umenyiora. Pierce and Madison provided the two Giants interceptions.{{cite web\\|title\=San Francisco 49ers at New York Giants – October 21st, 2007\\|publisher\=Pro\-Football\-Reference.com\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200710210nyg.htm\\|access\-date\=May 29, 2019}} For the fourth consecutive year under [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin"), the Giants were 5–2 after seven games. ### Week 8: at Miami Dolphins (London) {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=10 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=0 \\|Home\=Dolphins \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=0 \\|H3\=3 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Wembley Stadium]], \[\[London\\|London, England]] \\|date\=October 28 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\|EDT]] \\|weather\= 59 °F (15 °C), Overcast With Light Rain \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Thom Brennaman]] (\[\[play\-by\-play]]), \[\[Daryl Johnston]] (\[\[color commentator]]), \& \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Gerald Austin\\|Gerry Austin]] \\|attendance\= 81,176 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29301/MIA\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants got their sixth straight win with a rain\-soaked 13–10 victory over the winless [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/Miami_Dolphins "Miami Dolphins") in the first International Series game, held at England's Wembley Stadium. Persistent rain throughout the day had soaked the field and hurt both teams on offense as the field was torn up for most of the afternoon, but the Giants survived to get to 6–2 on the season as they headed for their bye week. [thumb\\|270px\\|A giant Giants jersey is unfurled on the field at Wembley Stadium](/wiki/File:Giants_jersey.jpg "Giants jersey.jpg") After a missed Miami field goal on the opening drive of the game, the Giants traveled down the field, mixing up a combination of run and pass. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") had a big day, running in the rain for 131 yards on 23 carries. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning"), who threw for only 59 yards in the game, missed a wide open [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") in the end zone from inside the five, and the Giants had to settle for a 20\-yard field goal from [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes"). The Giants extended their lead to 10 with a 14\-play, 69\-yard drive in the second quarter. Jacobs and [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") ran heavily on the drive and Eli Manning evaded the Dolphins defense, scrambling 10 yards for the game's first touchdown. After a [Cleo Lemon](/wiki/Cleo_Lemon "Cleo Lemon") fumble, which was recovered by [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan"), the Giants stretched the lead to 13 at the half with a 41\-yard kick from Tynes. In the third quarter, after recovering a Manning fumble, the Dolphins drove the ball down inside the Giants 5\. However, a Lemon muffed snap forced the Dolphins to kick a field goal. The Giants continued to run well with Jacobs, and had a chance to tack on 3 more points but Tynes missed badly on a 29\-yard field goal. In the final two minutes, the Dolphins scored their first touchdown with [Ted Ginn Jr.](/wiki/Ted_Ginn_Jr. "Ted Ginn Jr.")'s first ever NFL touchdown reception. An attempted onside kick from [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely "Jay Feely") skidded off the wet surface straight out of bounds, enabling the Giants to run out the clock for the win. For the day, Jacobs ran for his career\-high 131 yards, and [Fred Robbins](/wiki/Fred_Robbins "Fred Robbins") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell") recorded sacks. The Giants have won six in a row for the first time since 1994\. Eli Manning scored the NFL's first regular season touchdown outside of North America. With their sixth\-straight win, the Giants entered their bye week at 6–2\. ### Week 10: vs. Dallas Cowboys {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Cowboys''' \\|R1\=7\\|\\|R2\=10\\|\\|R3\=7\\|\\|R4\=7 \\|Home\=Giants \\|H1\=7\\|\\|H2\=10\\|\\|H3\=0\\|\\|H4\=3 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=November 11 \\|time\= 4:15 pm \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\= 47 °F (8 °C), Clear \\|attendance\= 78,964 \\|referee\= \[\[Jeff Triplette]] \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29335/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Coming off their bye week, the Giants went home, donned their alternate red uniforms, and played the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Cowboys QB [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") completed a 15\-yard TD pass to TE [Tony Curtis](/wiki/Tony_Curtis_%28American_football%29 "Tony Curtis (American football)"). The Giants responded as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completed an 8\-yard TD pass to TE [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey "Jeremy Shockey"). In the second quarter, Dallas regained the lead as kicker [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk "Nick Folk") made a 44\-yard field goal. The G\-Men took the lead with RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") getting a 1\-yard TD run. Afterwards, the Cowboys retook the lead with Romo completing a 20\-yard TD pass to WR [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton "Patrick Crayton"). Originally, the Giants were willing to be down by 3 at halftime. However, because of a taunting penalty on Dallas LB [Kevin Burnett](/wiki/Kevin_Burnett "Kevin Burnett") placed them near midfield, New York went for some points. The Giants would tie the game with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") getting a 40\-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Romo completed a 25\-yard TD pass to WR [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens "Terrell Owens") and the Cowboys regained the lead. In the fourth quarter, the Giants made a 26\-yard field goal from Tynes. Afterwards, Dallas' Romo and Owens hooked up with each other again on a 50\-yard TD pass.{{cite web\\|title\=Dallas Cowboys at New York Giants – November 11th, 2007\\|publisher\=Pro\-Football\-Reference.com\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200711110nyg.htm\\|access\-date\=May 29, 2019}} With the loss, New York fell to 6–3\. They have not worn their red uniforms since. During the season series against the Cowboys, the Giants pass defense allowed 8 passing touchdowns, despite only allowing 8 passing touchdowns from their previous opponents this year. ### Week 11: at Detroit Lions {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3\\|R2\=7\\|R3\=3\\|R4\=3 \\|Home\=Lions \\|H1\=0\\|H2\=0\\|H3\=3\\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Ford Field]], \[\[Detroit\\|Detroit, Michigan]] \\|date\=November 18 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\|EST]] \\|weather\= Game Played Indoors (Domed Stadium) \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Kenny Albert]] (\[\[play\-by\-play]]), \[\[Daryl Johnston]] (\[\[color commentator]]), \& \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Tony Corrente]] \\|attendance\= 60,675 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29351/DET\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants flew to [Ford Field](/wiki/Ford_Field "Ford Field") for a Week 11 intraconference duel with the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/Detroit_Lions "Detroit Lions"). In the first quarter, New York took the early lead as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") made a 28\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants increased their lead as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completed a 10\-yard TD pass to RB [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") for the only score of the period. In the third quarter, the Lions got on the board as kicker [Jason Hanson](/wiki/Jason_Hanson "Jason Hanson") made a 42\-yard field goal. New York would reply with Tynes kicking a 46\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Giants improved their lead as Tynes made a 20\-yard field goal. Detroit's QB [Jon Kitna](/wiki/Jon_Kitna "Jon Kitna") completed a 35\-yard TD pass to WR [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson_%28American_football%29 "Calvin Johnson (American football)"). With the win, the Giants improved to 7–3\. LB [Mathias Kiwanuka](/wiki/Mathias_Kiwanuka "Mathias Kiwanuka") suffered a broken left fibula, ending his season. ### Week 12: vs. Minnesota Vikings {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Vikings''' \\|R1\=14\\|R2\=10\\|R3\=3\\|R4\=14 \\|Home\=Giants \\|H1\=7\\|H2\=0\\|H3\=3\\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=November 25 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\|EST]] \\|weather\= 46 °F (8 °C), sunny \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Kenny Albert]] (\[\[play\-by\-play]]), \[\[Daryl Johnston]] (\[\[color commentator]]), and \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Walt Anderson (American football official)\\|Walt Anderson]] \\|attendance\= 78,591 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29364/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Coming off their road win over the Lions, the Giants went home for a Week 12 intraconference duel with the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings "Minnesota Vikings"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Vikings QB [Tarvaris Jackson](/wiki/Tarvaris_Jackson "Tarvaris Jackson") completed a 60\-yard TD pass to WR [Sidney Rice](/wiki/Sidney_Rice "Sidney Rice"). The Giants responded with RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") getting a 1\-yard TD run. Minnesota retook the lead with safety [Darren Sharper](/wiki/Darren_Sharper "Darren Sharper") returning an interception 20 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, Vikings' RB [Chester Taylor](/wiki/Chester_Taylor "Chester Taylor") got an 8\-yard TD run, along with kicker [Ryan Longwell](/wiki/Ryan_Longwell "Ryan Longwell") making a 46\-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Giants' kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") made a 48\-yard field goal, and Minnesota's Longwell made a 26\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Vikings' safety [Dwight Smith](/wiki/Dwight_Smith_%28American_football%29 "Dwight Smith (American football)") returned an interception 93 yards for a touchdown, along with LB [Chad Greenway](/wiki/Chad_Greenway "Chad Greenway") returning an interception 37 yards for a touchdown. New York's QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completed a 6\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") to complete the scoring. With the loss, the Giants fell to 7–4\. Eli Manning was intercepted four times (with three of his interceptions being returned for touchdowns). He became the third NFL QB since 1970 to have three interceptions get returned for touchdowns. His performance was all the more embarrassing as the Vikings had the league's worst pass defense in 2007 (albeit with the league's strongest run defense), and were playing in this game without starting corner [Antoine Winfield](/wiki/Antoine_Winfield_Sr. "Antoine Winfield Sr."). ### Week 13: at Chicago Bears {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=0\\|\\|R2\=7\\|\\|R3\=0\\|\\|R4\=14 \\|Home\=Bears \\|H1\=7\\|\\|H2\=6\\|\\|H3\=3\\|\\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Soldier Field]], \[\[Chicago\\|Chicago, Illinois]] \\|date\=December 2 \\|time\= 4:15 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\|EST]] \\|weather\= 46 °F (8 °C), Chance Of Rain Showers \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Walt Coleman]] \\|attendance\= 62,244 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29384/CHI\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Hoping to rebound after a loss to the Vikings, the Giants flew to [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field "Soldier Field") for a Week 13 intraconference duel with the defending NFC champion [Chicago Bears](/wiki/Chicago_Bears "Chicago Bears"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Bears QB [Rex Grossman](/wiki/Rex_Grossman "Rex Grossman") completed a 1\-yard TD pass to TE [Desmond Clark](/wiki/Desmond_Clark "Desmond Clark") for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants got on the board as RB [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward") got a 2\-yard TD run. Chicago responded with kicker [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould "Robbie Gould") getting a 35\-yard and a 46\-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Bears increased their lead to 16–7 with Gould making a 41\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, New York scored touchdowns on their last two drives in the final 7 minutes; [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completed a 6\-yard TD pass to WR [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") (initially ruled an incomplete pass that was challenged and overturned), then RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns") got a 2\-yard TD run. The Giants held on defensively and improved to 8–4 with the victory. Derrick Ward (24 carries for 154 yards and 1 touchdown) left the game in the 4th quarter with a fractured fibula, effectively ending his season. Excluding [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") two months later, [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan "Michael Strahan") had his final career sack in the 2nd quarter. ### Week 14: at Philadelphia Eagles {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=0\\|\\|R2\=6\\|\\|R3\=10\\|\\|R4\=0 \\|Home\=Eagles \\|H1\=7\\|\\|H2\=0\\|\\|H3\=3\\|\\|H4\=3 \\|stadium\= \[\[Lincoln Financial Field]], \[\[Philadelphia\\|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] \\|date\=December 9 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\|EST]] \\|weather\= 36 °F (2 °C), Cloudy \\|TV\=\[\[NFL on Fox\\|Fox]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Kenny Albert]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Daryl Johnston]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Ron Winter]] \\|attendance\= 68,594 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29395/PHI\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Coming off their road win over the Bears, the Giants flew to [Lincoln Financial Field](/wiki/Lincoln_Financial_Field "Lincoln Financial Field") for a Week 14 NFC East rematch with the [Philadelphia Eagles](/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles "Philadelphia Eagles"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Eagles QB [Donovan McNabb](/wiki/Donovan_McNabb "Donovan McNabb") completed an 18\-yard TD pass to RB [Brian Westbrook](/wiki/Brian_Westbrook "Brian Westbrook") for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants started to draw close as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") managed to get a 19\-yard and a 23\-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Philadelphia responded with kicker [David Akers](/wiki/David_Akers "David Akers") getting a 29\-yard field goal. Afterwards, New York took the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completing a 20\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), along with Tynes kicking a 23\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles tried to come back as Akers nailed a 39\-yard field goal. In the final seconds, Philadelphia had a chance to tie the game and force overtime. Fortunately for the Giants, Akers missed a 57\-yard field goal off the right upright with 1 second left to preserve the victory and the season\-sweep. With the win, the Giants improved to 9–4\. This also marked the first time since their [Super Bowl XXXV](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXV "Super Bowl XXXV") appearance of 2000 that New York had won 6\-straight road games. ### Week 15: vs. Washington Redskins {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Redskins''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=13 \\|R3\=6 \\|R4\=0 \\|Home\=Giants \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=3 \\|H3\=7 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=December 16 \\|time\= 8:15 PM EST \\|weather\= 36 °F (2 °C), Cloudy \\|TV\=NBC \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Al Michaels]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Peter Morelli]] \\|attendance\= 77,899 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29417/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} Coming off their season\-sweeping road win over the Eagles, the Giants went home for a Week 15 Sunday night NFC East rematch with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins "Washington Redskins"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Redskins kicker [Shaun Suisham](/wiki/Shaun_Suisham "Shaun Suisham") managed to get a 49\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants continued to trail as Suisham kicked a 31\-yard field goal, along with RB [Ladell Betts](/wiki/Ladell_Betts "Ladell Betts") getting a 14\-yard TD run. New York would get on the board with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") getting a 35\-yard field goal. Washington would end the half with Suisham nailing a 28\-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Giants' deficit climbed as Redskins RB [Clinton Portis](/wiki/Clinton_Portis "Clinton Portis") getting a 5\-yard TD run (with a failed 2\-point conversion). New York tried to make a comeback as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completed a 19\-yard TD pass to TE [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss "Kevin Boss"). However, the wind and Washington's defense prevented any hopes. Eli Manning set a record of futility in the game with 35 incomplete passes, setting a record for most incomplete passes in an NFL game since the AFL/NFL merger. In fairness to Manning, his receivers also did not play well, dropping at least eight of his passes. Washington quarterback [Todd Collins](/wiki/Todd_Collins_%28quarterback%29 "Todd Collins (quarterback)"), making his first NFL start since 1997 in place of the injured [Jason Campbell](/wiki/Jason_Campbell "Jason Campbell"), didn't play much better, going 8–25, but got the win. With the loss, not only did the Giants fall to 9–5, but they also lost TE [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey "Jeremy Shockey") for the year in the third quarter with a broken left fibula. It would be his final appearance as a New York Giant. Due to the Giants's increasing problems with Shockey's attitude and the emergence of [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss "Kevin Boss") during the remainder of the season, he became expendable and was eventually traded to the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints "New Orleans Saints"). ### Week 16: at Buffalo Bills {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=0 \\|R2\=17 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=21 \\|Home\=Bills \\|H1\=14 \\|H2\=0 \\|H3\=7 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Ralph Wilson Stadium]], \[\[Orchard Park, New York]] \\|date\=December 23 \\|time\= 1:00 PM (\[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]]) \\|weather\= 52 °F (11 °C), Rain And Wind \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Kenny Albert]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Daryl Johnson]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Gene Steratore]] \\|attendance\= 71,302 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29421/BUF\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants took their 6–1 road record to Buffalo in search of clinching a playoff spot. They were able to rebound nicely from the week 15 home loss to Washington with a 38–21 win over the Bills. The Giants utilized their running game to wear down the Bills, as [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") rushed for 143 yards and 2 touchdowns and rookie [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw") rushed for 151 yards and a touchdown, including an 88\-yard hustle that gave the Giants a 31–21 lead in the fourth quarter. Eli Manning had a rough day throwing the ball, as the harsh conditions forced him into completing just 7 of 16 passes and throwing for only 111 yards with two interceptions. [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell") and [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster") also returned interceptions for touchdowns. The Giants rallied early from a 14–0, first\-quarter deficit to win a game played through rain, wind, and snow. Early on, it appeared that the Bills would dominate the game, with [Trent Edwards](/wiki/Trent_Edwards "Trent Edwards") finding [Michael Gaines](/wiki/Michael_Gaines "Michael Gaines") for a three\-yard touchdown to make it 7–0\. After the Giants punted, Edwards hit [Lee Evans](/wiki/Lee_Evans_%28American_football%29 "Lee Evans (American football)") for a 4\-yard touchdown to make it 14–0\. As the weather changed from windy with no precipitation to windy and snowy, so did the Giants's fortunes. In the second quarter, [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") ran for a six\-yard touchdown, then on the next drive had his longest run of the season, a 43\-yard touchdown run to tie the game at 14\. A Lawrence Tynes field goal made it 17–14 at the half. In the third quarter, a [Marshawn Lynch](/wiki/Marshawn_Lynch "Marshawn Lynch") touchdown run and a goal line stand by the Bills made the score 21–17 Bills heading into the final quarter. However, the Giants ran away with the contest in the fourth. With 14:05 to go in the 4th, Trent Edwards's pass was deflected and intercepted by linebacker (and future Bill) [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell"), who returned it 20 yards for a touchdown for the go\-ahead score. With 6:27 to go, the Giants got the ball back on their own 12\-yard line. During the second half, rookie 7th\-round pick [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw"), who seldom played outside of special teams before this game but who now had an opportunity due to [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward "Derrick Ward")'s injury and [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns "Reuben Droughns")'s declining play, checked into the game. Bradshaw (who, unusual for a Giant, played with a single "y" on one side of his helmet instead of the standard "ny" in this game) received a handoff towards the left side of the line, cut towards the left sideline, received a key block from receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), and sprinted down the sideline 88 yards for a touchdown to make it 31–21\. Bradshaw's run is the third\-longest in Giants history, with [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber "Tiki Barber")'s 95\-yard touchdown against the Raiders on New Year's Eve 2005 being the longest. Just three plays later, Trent Edwards was intercepted by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster"), who returned Edwards's errant pass 34 yards for the game\-clinching touchdown. While Eli Manning played poorly again, going 7–15 for just 111 yards with two interceptions and four fumbles (two lost), Trent Edwards also had a poor performance, going just 9\-26 for 161 yards. Although he threw for 2 touchdowns, he also threw 3 interceptions (2 returned for touchdowns) and fumbled twice (though both were recovered by other Bills), and was just 3–19 after his first two drives. Ahmad Bradshaw ran for 151 yards on just 17 carries, while Brandon Jacobs ran for a career\-high 143 yards on 25 carries with 2 touchdowns. Another important stat to note is that all 59 points in the game were scored going towards the east end zone. With the win, the Giants improved to 10–5 to clinch their third consecutive playoff berth. They also secured the 5th seed when the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/2007_Washington_Redskins_season "2007 Washington Redskins season") defeated the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2007_Minnesota_Vikings_season "2007 Minnesota Vikings season") later that night. {{cite web\\|title\=New York Giants at Buffalo Bills \\|website\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200712230buf.htm}} ### Week 17: vs. New England Patriots {{main article\\|2007 New England Patriots–New York Giants game}} {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Patriots''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=13 \\|R3\=7 \\|R4\=15 \\|Home\=Giants \\|H1\=7 \\|H2\=14 \\|H3\=7 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Giants Stadium]], \[\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]] \\|date\=December 29 \\|time\= 8:15 PM EST \\|weather\=44 °F (7 °C), Clear \\|TV\=\[\[NFL Network\\|NFLN]] \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Bryant Gumbel]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Cris Collinsworth]] (color commentator), \& \[\[Adam Schefter]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\|Mike Carey]] \\|attendance\= 79,110 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29435/NYG\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} This marked the first time since [Super Bowl I](/wiki/Super_Bowl_I "Super Bowl I") that an NFL game was simulcast by more than one television network. It was the first time an NFL game was carried on three national networks ([CBS](/wiki/CBS "CBS"), [NBC](/wiki/NBC "NBC"), and [NFL Network](/wiki/NFL_Network "NFL Network")) with an additional 1\.2 million viewers seeing the game on local NY and MA networks. The game was originally scheduled to be broadcast on NFL Network only, but [Roger Goodell](/wiki/Roger_Goodell "Roger Goodell") allowed other stations to broadcast it due to the Patriots being 15–0 and needing just one more win to become the first team to go 16–0 in the regular season. There was disagreement surrounding coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin")'s decision to play all his starters. Some of them played injured, notably [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") who had an ankle injury and missed most of practice during the end of the season and the Giants postseason run. A Giant win would have no effect in the playoffs the following Sunday, as the Giants had earned the \#5 seed as a wildcard and Dallas had won the division with the best record in the NFC. By playing his starters, he risked losing additional players on an already banged up roster playing against a heavily favored Patriots team, which was playing for the history books to go undefeated in the regular season. Still, the Giants were the final team to have a chance to end the Patriots' shot at a perfect season, and a victory would be an impressive display for pride and momentum. The Patriots set numerous offensive records while becoming the first ever 16–0 team in the regular season in a raucous and hostile [Giants Stadium](/wiki/Giants_Stadium "Giants Stadium"). [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady") set a single season record for TD passes, [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss "Randy Moss") set a record for TD receptions, and the Patriots as a whole set a record for most points scored. Despite losing 38–35, the Giants played well and impressed critics in the defeat. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") played well, completing 22 of 32 passes for 251 yards while throwing 4 touchdowns and 1 interception, the lone interception of the game. The Giants led 28–16 in the third quarter, the Patriots' largest deficit this season. Also, Brandon Jacobs reached 1,000 yards rushing after gaining 67 yards on the ground on 15 carries. With the loss, the Giants ended the regular season at 10–6, with a road playoff game set on January 6 against the [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers "Tampa Bay Buccaneers"). The game became in retrospect a preview of [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII").	[ "Regular season\n--------------", "### Week 1: at Dallas Cowboys", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\=Giants\n\\\|R1\\=6\n\\\|R2\\=10\n\\\|R3\\=3\n\\\|R4\\=16\n\\\|Home\\='''Cowboys'''\n\\\|H1\\=3\n\\\|H2\\=14\n\\\|H3\\=14\n\\\|H4\\=14\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Texas Stadium]], \\[\\[Irving, Texas]]\n\\\|date\\=September 9\n\\\|time\\= 8:15 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 78 °\\[\\[Fahrenheit\\\|F]] (26 °\\[\\[Celsius\\\|C]]), Cloudy Skies\n\\\|attendance\\= 63,031\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Ed Hochuli]]\n\\\|TV\\=NBC \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Al Michaels]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29208/DAL\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants opened up their 2007 campaign with a 45–35 loss to the Dallas Cowboys at Texas Stadium. For the second straight year, the Giants left Dallas with injuries to key starters including DE [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora \"Osi Umenyiora\"), RB [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\"), and QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\"). Before suffering a separated shoulder in the fourth quarter, Manning put on a stellar performance, completing 28 of 41 passes, for 312 yards, 4 touchdowns and just 1 interception. However, a horrid defensive performance overshadowed his play.", "The Giants got off to a fast start as Eli hit [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") on a 60\\-yard touchdown pass off play action to open up the scoring. Burress and Manning would connect for 3 touchdowns on the night. After a Dallas took a 17–6 lead late in the half, Eli led the Giants on another drive, capped off to his second strike to Burress. Burress on the night caught 9 passes for 144 receiving yards. The Giants closed to within one at half's end following a [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") field goal after a Dallas fumble.", "Romo hit [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens \"Terrell Owens\") on a 22\\-yard pass to give Dallas an 8\\-point lead. After the Giants cut the lead to five on another Tynes field goal, Dallas increased the margin to 12 as Romo capped off a quick four play drive with a 9\\-yard rush. The Cowboys appeared to put the game away with yet another Romo touchdown, once again finding Terrell Owens on a wide open catch and run, upping margin to 38–22\\. Eli and the Giants responded with two straight scoring drives. One finished with a dumpoff touchdown pass from Manning to reserve running back [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\") and the other with Burress' 3rd touchdown, cutting the Dallas lead to three.", "On a crucial 3rd and seven late in the game, Romo hit backup wideout [Sam Hurd](/wiki/Sam_Hurd \"Sam Hurd\") for a 51\\-yard touchdown. With Manning injuring his shoulder, backup [Jared Lorenzen](/wiki/Jared_Lorenzen \"Jared Lorenzen\") finished the game for the Giants at quarterback late in the fourth quarter. [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") in his return from a knee injury, notched 9 catches for 91 yards while Burress gained 144\\. [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck \"Justin Tuck\") and [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson \"Gibril Wilson\") recorded the Giants' only sack and interception of the night respectively in the 45–35 loss as the Giants began the season at 0–1\\.", "It would be the only road loss for the Giants in the season.{{cite web\\\|title\\=2007 New York Giants Statistics \\& Players\\\|publisher\\=Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/teams/nyg/2007\\.htm\\\|access\\-date\\=May 29, 2019}}", "### Week 2: vs. Green Bay Packers", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Packers'''\n\\\|R1\\=0\n\\\|R2\\=7\n\\\|R3\\=7\n\\\|R4\\=21\n\\\|Home\\=Giants\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=10\n\\\|H3\\=3\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=September 16\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 64 °F (18 °C), Mostly Cloudy\n\\\|attendance\\= 78,701\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Gene Steratore]]\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29214/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|The Giants playing defense against the Packers](/wiki/Image:GBNYShotgun.jpg \"GBNYShotgun.jpg\")\nThe Giants played their Week 2 home opener against the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\"). After both teams missed a field goal to open the game, Green Bay got on the board first with a 6\\-yard run by rookie DeShawn Wynn. The Giants responded with a 26\\-yard scoring strike by Eli Manning to Plaxico Burress. The Giants got a Lawrence Tynes field goal and a 10–7 half time lead.", "In the second half, the Packers drove 51 yards to start the second half. Favre capped off the scoring drive with a 2\\-yard pass to Bubba Franks for a 14–10 lead the Packers would not relinquish. The Giants responded with another drive but once again, an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty, this one on Amani Toomer, hurt the Giants. Tynes kicked a second field goal, pulling the Giants to within one.{{cite web\\\|title\\=Green Bay Packers at New York Giants – September 16th, 2007\\\|publisher\\=Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200709160nyg.htm\\\|access\\-date\\=May 29, 2019}}", "The Packers went on to score 21 unanswered points.", "With the loss, the Giants would fall to 0–2 for the first time since 1996\\. Also, within the two games they played, the Giants gave up a total of 80 points. \n{{Clear}}", "### Week 3: at Washington Redskins", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=0\n\\\|R3\\=7\n\\\|R4\\=14\n\\\|Home\\=Redskins\n\\\|H1\\=7\n\\\|H2\\=10\n\\\|H3\\=0\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[FedExField]], \\[\\[Landover, Maryland]]\n\\\|date\\=September 23\n\\\|time\\= 4:15 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 82 °F (28 °C), Sunny\n\\\|attendance\\= 90,803\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Walt Coleman]]\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29240/WAS\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nIn the first quarter, New York got the first score as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") hit a 34\\-yard field goal. The Redskins took the lead with RB [Clinton Portis](/wiki/Clinton_Portis \"Clinton Portis\") getting a 1\\-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Redskins QB [Jason Campbell](/wiki/Jason_Campbell \"Jason Campbell\") threw an 8\\-yard TD pass to TE [Chris Cooley](/wiki/Chris_Cooley_%28American_football%29 \"Chris Cooley (American football)\"), while kicker [Shaun Suisham](/wiki/Shaun_Suisham \"Shaun Suisham\") ended the half with a 47\\-yard field goal that gave Washington a 17–3 lead.{{cite web\\\|title\\=New York Giants at Washington Redskins – September 23rd, 2007\\\|publisher\\=Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200709230was.htm\\\|access\\-date\\=May 29, 2019}}", "[thumb\\\|The Giants on defense against the Redskins](/wiki/File:Redskins_vs_Giants_line_of_scrimmage_throwbacks.jpg \"Redskins vs Giants line of scrimmage throwbacks.jpg\")", "With the Giants staring at a 14\\-point deficit, and an 0–2 start to their season, the Giants came out strong to start the second half. In the third quarter, QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") finally got the Giants offense turned around and RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") would score on a 1\\-yard TD run to cut the lead in half.", "In the fourth quarter, Droughns rushed again for a 1\\-yard touchdown, while Manning completed a 33\\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), giving the Giants a startling 24–17 lead against the home team.", "In the game's final moments, Washington found first and goal at the Giants 1\\-yard line. New York's defense then proceeded to make a goal\\-line stand as they stopped RB [Ladell Betts](/wiki/Ladell_Betts \"Ladell Betts\") from getting into the end zone on 4th down during the final seconds of the game. This goal line stand was known as the initial catalyst of the Giants' Super Bowl season.", "With the win, the Giants improved to 1–2\\.", "### Week 4: vs. Philadelphia Eagles", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\=Eagles\n\\\|R1\\=0\n\\\|R2\\=0\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=3\n\\\|Home\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=7\n\\\|H3\\=9\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=September 30\n\\\|time\\= 8:15 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 67 °F (19 °C), Mostly Clear\n\\\|attendance\\= 78,862\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Terry McAulay]]\n\\\|TV\\=NBC \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Al Michaels]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29255/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nComing off their divisional road win over the Redskins, the Giants went home for a Sunday night divisional duel with the [Philadelphia Eagles](/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles \"Philadelphia Eagles\"). New York's defense held the Eagles to no first half points, while in the second quarter, New York got on the board first with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completing a 9\\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") for the only score of the half. In the third quarter, the Giants increased its lead with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") getting a 29\\-yard field goal, along with LB [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\") recovering a fumble, getting up, and returning the fumble 17\\-yards for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles would get their only points of the game with kicker [David Akers](/wiki/David_Akers \"David Akers\") making a 53\\-yard field goal.", "On the night, New York's defense sacked QB [Donovan McNabb](/wiki/Donovan_McNabb \"Donovan McNabb\") 12 times (tying an NFL record), with half of those sacks coming from DE [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora \"Osi Umenyiora\"). Also, DE [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\") had one sack in the game to surpass [Lawrence Taylor](/wiki/Lawrence_Taylor \"Lawrence Taylor\") as the Giants' All\\-Time Sack Leader (Taylor was present at the game).", "With the victory, New York improved to 2–2\\.", "### Week 5: vs. New York Jets", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\=Jets\n\\\|R1\\=7\n\\\|R2\\=10\n\\\|R3\\=7\n\\\|R4\\=0\n\\\|Home\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=7\n\\\|H3\\=14\n\\\|H4\\=14\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=October 7\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 81 °F (27 °C), Partly Sunny\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Bill Carollo]]\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on CBS\\\|CBS]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Dick Enberg]] (play\\-by\\-play) and \\[\\[Randy Cross]] (color commentator)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29261/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants clinched their third straight victory with a 35–24 triumph over the [New York Jets](/wiki/New_York_Jets \"New York Jets\"). The Giants scored 28 points in the decisive second half to overcome a 10\\-point deficit. Rookie CB [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross \"Aaron Ross\") made his presence felt with a crucial interception off of QB [Chad Pennington](/wiki/Chad_Pennington \"Chad Pennington\") with the Jets driving and up three in the third then sealed the win with an interception return for a touchdown late in the fourth.", "The Jets got off to a fast start as returning running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") fumbled and the Jets' [Kerry Rhodes](/wiki/Kerry_Rhodes \"Kerry Rhodes\") returned it for a TD. The Giants responded with a 9\\-play, 67\\-yard drive ending in a touchdown run by [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\"). However, the Giants defense, susceptible to third down conversions the first week of the season struggled again today and allowed the Jets to drive 93 yards late in the half for a 14–7 lead. The Jets were 3 for 3 on third down on the drive including some big catches by [Laveranues Coles](/wiki/Laveranues_Coles \"Laveranues Coles\"). Pennington hit [Brad Smith](/wiki/Brad_Smith_%28American_football%2C_born_1983%29 \"Brad Smith (American football, born 1983)\") for a 16\\-yard touchdown. After a bad interception from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\"), the Jets added a field goal by [Mike Nugent](/wiki/Mike_Nugent \"Mike Nugent\") for a 17–7 halftime lead.", "The Giants fought back, going back to the ground game to start the second half. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") added a 25\\-yard completion from Manning and Jacobs pounded it in for a 19\\-yard touchdown. The Jets responded as [Leon Washington](/wiki/Leon_Washington \"Leon Washington\") ran 98 yards for a touchdown. Big Blue again fought back, driving 68 yards featuring a mix of runs and passes. [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey \"Jeremy Shockey\") notched his first touchdown of the season with a 13\\-yard catch and run bringing the Giants within three after three quarters. The Jets responded with a drive of their own including several third down conversions but rookie Aaron Ross made the first of several big plays including a deep interception. The Giants drove 99 yards, which ended with a spectacular 53\\-yard touchdown catch and run by Plaxico Burress, who stiff\\-armed a Jet defender down the sideline.", "With the Jets driving for a score, Ross struck again, intercepting Pennington and returned it 43 yards to clinch the win. Brandon Jacobs notched his first ever 100\\-yard rushing performance, Manning managed 186 yards and 2 touchdowns despite a poor first half, [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora \"Osi Umenyiora\") added a sack and [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison \"Sam Madison\") added his first interception of the season.", "The Giants had now won four straight regular season meetings against the Jets and improved to 3–2 on the season.", "### Week 6: at Atlanta Falcons", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=14\n\\\|R2\\=7\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=10\n\\\|Home\\=Falcons\n\\\|H1\\=10\n\\\|H2\\=0\n\\\|H3\\=0\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Georgia Dome]], \\[\\[Atlanta\\\|Atlanta, Georgia]]\n\\\|date\\=October 15\n\\\|time\\= 8:30 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\=Game Played Indoors (Domed Stadium)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Bill Leavy]]\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[Monday Night Football\\\|ESPN]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Mike Tirico]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Ron Jaworski]] and \\[\\[Tony Kornheiser]] (color commentators)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29283/ATL\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants cruised to their fourth straight win with an easy 31–10 victory over the [Atlanta Falcons](/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons \"Atlanta Falcons\") on Monday Night Football. After the Falcons moved the ball and scored three points on a 47\\-yard field goal by [Morten Andersen](/wiki/Morten_Andersen \"Morten Andersen\"), the Giants took the lead on a five\\-yard [play\\-action](/wiki/Play_action \"Play action\") touchdown pass from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\"). The Falcons responded as [Jerious Norwood](/wiki/Jerious_Norwood \"Jerious Norwood\") ran 67 yards untouched, putting the Falcons on top 10–7\\. New York responded with a quick six\\-play, 82\\-yard drive capped off by a 1\\-yard touchdown run by [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") for a 14–10\\.", "After the defense stopped Atlanta again, the Giants took command as Manning hit [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") for his eighth and league\\-lead\\-tying touchdown from 42 yards out and a 21–10 lead. The Giants squandered several chances to add on more points as the team struggled moving at the end of the first half and Eli Manning threw a late interception.", "In the second half, the defense continued to dominate. [Fred Robbins](/wiki/Fred_Robbins \"Fred Robbins\"), [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce \"Antonio Pierce\") and [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck \"Justin Tuck\") notched sacks for Big Blue and rookie [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross \"Aaron Ross\") added his third interception in two weeks. The Giants added a [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") field goal from 32 yards out for a 14\\-point lead, then capped off the win with a nine\\-yard touchdown run by [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\"). On the night, the Giants rushed for 188 yards, Eli Manning passed for 303 yards along with a pair of touchdowns and interceptions and the defense shut down Atlanta following the slow start.", "Burress led the Giants with 97 receiving yards and Amani Toomer became the Giants all\\-time reception leader, catching 7 passes for 89 yards including his early touchdown. The Giants improved to 4–2 and took a four\\-game winning streak into the next week's game against the 49ers.", "* The Giants and Falcons series has now been won by the road team the last 12 meetings.\n* The Giants notched their 600th franchise win.\n* The 6\\.7 [Nielsen rating](/wiki/Nielsen_ratings \"Nielsen ratings\") (8\\.48 million viewers) was the lowest in Monday Night Football history, however it was the highest rated cable program for the week. The decisive Game 4 of the [National League Championship Series](/wiki/2007_National_League_Championship_Series \"2007 National League Championship Series\") was played at the same time.{{cite news\n\\\|url\\=http://www.multichannel.com/article/CA6492388\\.html\n\\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Variety (magazine)\\\|Variety]] (Multichannel News)\n\\\|title\\=ESPN's 'Monday Night Football' Ratings Hit Record Low\n\\\|author\\=Mike Reynolds\n\\\|date\\=2007\\-10\\-24\n\\\|access\\-date\\=2007\\-10\\-25}}", "### Week 7: vs. San Francisco 49ers", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\=49ers\n\\\|R1\\=0\n\\\|R2\\=7\n\\\|R3\\=2\n\\\|R4\\=6\n\\\|Home\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|H1\\=6\n\\\|H2\\=13\n\\\|H3\\=7\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=October 21\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 69 °F (21 °C), Sunny\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Ron Winter]]\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Matt Vasgersian]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] (color commentator) and \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29289/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants recorded their fifth straight victory with a convincing 33–15 win over the [San Francisco 49ers](/wiki/San_Francisco_49ers \"San Francisco 49ers\") at Giants Stadium. Things started off well as the Giants drove right down the field on their opening possession. The balanced, well\\-executed seven\\-minute drive was capped off by a 4\\-yard touchdown pass from [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\"). The extra point was missed by [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\"). On their next possession, the Giants were driving for more, but a tipped ball resulted in an interception inside the red zone. The 49ers responded with a nice drive of their own, aided by a personal foul on linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce \"Antonio Pierce\") and several third down conversions. San Francisco cashed in with a touchdown from [Trent Dilfer](/wiki/Trent_Dilfer \"Trent Dilfer\") to [Arnaz Battle](/wiki/Arnaz_Battle \"Arnaz Battle\").", "Following a [Frank Gore](/wiki/Frank_Gore \"Frank Gore\") fumble, the Giants took control. The running game, which accounted for 140 total yards helped the Giants move back in front. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") scored on a five\\-yard run for a 13–7 lead. After an interception by [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison \"Sam Madison\"), the Giants added a 30\\-yard field goal by Tynes. Tynes made it 19–7 at the half with another field goal, this time from 39 yards, inside the final minute.", "The Giants defense dominated in the second half, notching six sacks and four total turnovers. [Osi Umenyiora](/wiki/Osi_Umenyiora \"Osi Umenyiora\") put the game away with a sack, forced fumble, and 75\\-yard touchdown return up the field for a 26–7 lead. The Niners got two points back on a blocked punt out of the end zone but Antonio Pierce redeemed himself for two earlier personal fouls by intercepting Trent Dilfer and returning the ball inside the 10\\. After a flag on the 49ers, Manning threw his second touchdown, this time to [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey \"Jeremy Shockey\") for a 33–9 lead. The 49ers scored late to provide the final points in the 33–15 win.", "On the day, Brandon Jacobs rushed for 107 yards, Manning completed 18 of 31 passes for nearly 150 yards with two touchdowns and an interception, and the defense notched six sacks: 2\\.5 for [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\"), 1\\.5 for [Justin Tuck](/wiki/Justin_Tuck \"Justin Tuck\"), 1 for [Aaron Ross](/wiki/Aaron_Ross \"Aaron Ross\") and 1 for Umenyiora. Pierce and Madison provided the two Giants interceptions.{{cite web\\\|title\\=San Francisco 49ers at New York Giants – October 21st, 2007\\\|publisher\\=Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200710210nyg.htm\\\|access\\-date\\=May 29, 2019}}", "For the fourth consecutive year under [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\"), the Giants were 5–2 after seven games.", "### Week 8: at Miami Dolphins (London)", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=10\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=0\n\\\|Home\\=Dolphins\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=0\n\\\|H3\\=3\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Wembley Stadium]], \\[\\[London\\\|London, England]]\n\\\|date\\=October 28\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\\|EDT]]\n\\\|weather\\= 59 °F (15 °C), Overcast With Light Rain\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\\|Fox]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Thom Brennaman]] (\\[\\[play\\-by\\-play]]), \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] (\\[\\[color commentator]]), \\& \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Gerald Austin\\\|Gerry Austin]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 81,176\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29301/MIA\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}", "The Giants got their sixth straight win with a rain\\-soaked 13–10 victory over the winless [Miami Dolphins](/wiki/Miami_Dolphins \"Miami Dolphins\") in the first International Series game, held at England's Wembley Stadium. Persistent rain throughout the day had soaked the field and hurt both teams on offense as the field was torn up for most of the afternoon, but the Giants survived to get to 6–2 on the season as they headed for their bye week.", "[thumb\\\|270px\\\|A giant Giants jersey is unfurled on the field at Wembley Stadium](/wiki/File:Giants_jersey.jpg \"Giants jersey.jpg\")", "After a missed Miami field goal on the opening drive of the game, the Giants traveled down the field, mixing up a combination of run and pass. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") had a big day, running in the rain for 131 yards on 23 carries. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\"), who threw for only 59 yards in the game, missed a wide open [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") in the end zone from inside the five, and the Giants had to settle for a 20\\-yard field goal from [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\"). The Giants extended their lead to 10 with a 14\\-play, 69\\-yard drive in the second quarter. Jacobs and [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") ran heavily on the drive and Eli Manning evaded the Dolphins defense, scrambling 10 yards for the game's first touchdown. After a [Cleo Lemon](/wiki/Cleo_Lemon \"Cleo Lemon\") fumble, which was recovered by [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\"), the Giants stretched the lead to 13 at the half with a 41\\-yard kick from Tynes.", "In the third quarter, after recovering a Manning fumble, the Dolphins drove the ball down inside the Giants 5\\. However, a Lemon muffed snap forced the Dolphins to kick a field goal. The Giants continued to run well with Jacobs, and had a chance to tack on 3 more points but Tynes missed badly on a 29\\-yard field goal. In the final two minutes, the Dolphins scored their first touchdown with [Ted Ginn Jr.](/wiki/Ted_Ginn_Jr. \"Ted Ginn Jr.\")'s first ever NFL touchdown reception. An attempted onside kick from [Jay Feely](/wiki/Jay_Feely \"Jay Feely\") skidded off the wet surface straight out of bounds, enabling the Giants to run out the clock for the win.", "For the day, Jacobs ran for his career\\-high 131 yards, and [Fred Robbins](/wiki/Fred_Robbins \"Fred Robbins\") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\") recorded sacks. The Giants have won six in a row for the first time since 1994\\. Eli Manning scored the NFL's first regular season touchdown outside of North America.", "With their sixth\\-straight win, the Giants entered their bye week at 6–2\\.", "### Week 10: vs. Dallas Cowboys", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Cowboys'''\n\\\|R1\\=7\\\|\\\|R2\\=10\\\|\\\|R3\\=7\\\|\\\|R4\\=7\n\\\|Home\\=Giants\n\\\|H1\\=7\\\|\\\|H2\\=10\\\|\\\|H3\\=0\\\|\\\|H4\\=3\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=November 11\n\\\|time\\= 4:15 pm \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= 47 °F (8 °C), Clear\n\\\|attendance\\= 78,964\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Jeff Triplette]]\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29335/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nComing off their bye week, the Giants went home, donned their alternate red uniforms, and played the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Cowboys QB [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") completed a 15\\-yard TD pass to TE [Tony Curtis](/wiki/Tony_Curtis_%28American_football%29 \"Tony Curtis (American football)\"). The Giants responded as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completed an 8\\-yard TD pass to TE [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey \"Jeremy Shockey\"). In the second quarter, Dallas regained the lead as kicker [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk \"Nick Folk\") made a 44\\-yard field goal. The G\\-Men took the lead with RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") getting a 1\\-yard TD run. Afterwards, the Cowboys retook the lead with Romo completing a 20\\-yard TD pass to WR [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton \"Patrick Crayton\"). Originally, the Giants were willing to be down by 3 at halftime. However, because of a taunting penalty on Dallas LB [Kevin Burnett](/wiki/Kevin_Burnett \"Kevin Burnett\") placed them near midfield, New York went for some points. The Giants would tie the game with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") getting a 40\\-yard field goal.", "In the third quarter, Romo completed a 25\\-yard TD pass to WR [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens \"Terrell Owens\") and the Cowboys regained the lead. In the fourth quarter, the Giants made a 26\\-yard field goal from Tynes. Afterwards, Dallas' Romo and Owens hooked up with each other again on a 50\\-yard TD pass.{{cite web\\\|title\\=Dallas Cowboys at New York Giants – November 11th, 2007\\\|publisher\\=Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200711110nyg.htm\\\|access\\-date\\=May 29, 2019}}", "With the loss, New York fell to 6–3\\. They have not worn their red uniforms since.", "During the season series against the Cowboys, the Giants pass defense allowed 8 passing touchdowns, despite only allowing 8 passing touchdowns from their previous opponents this year.", "### Week 11: at Detroit Lions", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\\\|R2\\=7\\\|R3\\=3\\\|R4\\=3\n\\\|Home\\=Lions\n\\\|H1\\=0\\\|H2\\=0\\\|H3\\=3\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Ford Field]], \\[\\[Detroit\\\|Detroit, Michigan]]\n\\\|date\\=November 18\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= Game Played Indoors (Domed Stadium)\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\\|Fox]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Kenny Albert]] (\\[\\[play\\-by\\-play]]), \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] (\\[\\[color commentator]]), \\& \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Tony Corrente]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 60,675\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29351/DET\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants flew to [Ford Field](/wiki/Ford_Field \"Ford Field\") for a Week 11 intraconference duel with the [Detroit Lions](/wiki/Detroit_Lions \"Detroit Lions\"). In the first quarter, New York took the early lead as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") made a 28\\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants increased their lead as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completed a 10\\-yard TD pass to RB [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") for the only score of the period.", "In the third quarter, the Lions got on the board as kicker [Jason Hanson](/wiki/Jason_Hanson \"Jason Hanson\") made a 42\\-yard field goal. New York would reply with Tynes kicking a 46\\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Giants improved their lead as Tynes made a 20\\-yard field goal. Detroit's QB [Jon Kitna](/wiki/Jon_Kitna \"Jon Kitna\") completed a 35\\-yard TD pass to WR [Calvin Johnson](/wiki/Calvin_Johnson_%28American_football%29 \"Calvin Johnson (American football)\").", "With the win, the Giants improved to 7–3\\.", "LB [Mathias Kiwanuka](/wiki/Mathias_Kiwanuka \"Mathias Kiwanuka\") suffered a broken left fibula, ending his season.", "### Week 12: vs. Minnesota Vikings", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Vikings'''\n\\\|R1\\=14\\\|R2\\=10\\\|R3\\=3\\\|R4\\=14\n\\\|Home\\=Giants\n\\\|H1\\=7\\\|H2\\=0\\\|H3\\=3\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=November 25\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= 46 °F (8 °C), sunny\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\\|Fox]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Kenny Albert]] (\\[\\[play\\-by\\-play]]), \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] (\\[\\[color commentator]]), and \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Walt Anderson (American football official)\\\|Walt Anderson]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 78,591\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29364/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nComing off their road win over the Lions, the Giants went home for a Week 12 intraconference duel with the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings \"Minnesota Vikings\"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Vikings QB [Tarvaris Jackson](/wiki/Tarvaris_Jackson \"Tarvaris Jackson\") completed a 60\\-yard TD pass to WR [Sidney Rice](/wiki/Sidney_Rice \"Sidney Rice\"). The Giants responded with RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") getting a 1\\-yard TD run. Minnesota retook the lead with safety [Darren Sharper](/wiki/Darren_Sharper \"Darren Sharper\") returning an interception 20 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, Vikings' RB [Chester Taylor](/wiki/Chester_Taylor \"Chester Taylor\") got an 8\\-yard TD run, along with kicker [Ryan Longwell](/wiki/Ryan_Longwell \"Ryan Longwell\") making a 46\\-yard field goal.", "In the third quarter, Giants' kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") made a 48\\-yard field goal, and Minnesota's Longwell made a 26\\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Vikings' safety [Dwight Smith](/wiki/Dwight_Smith_%28American_football%29 \"Dwight Smith (American football)\") returned an interception 93 yards for a touchdown, along with LB [Chad Greenway](/wiki/Chad_Greenway \"Chad Greenway\") returning an interception 37 yards for a touchdown. New York's QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completed a 6\\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") to complete the scoring.", "With the loss, the Giants fell to 7–4\\.", "Eli Manning was intercepted four times (with three of his interceptions being returned for touchdowns). He became the third NFL QB since 1970 to have three interceptions get returned for touchdowns. His performance was all the more embarrassing as the Vikings had the league's worst pass defense in 2007 (albeit with the league's strongest run defense), and were playing in this game without starting corner [Antoine Winfield](/wiki/Antoine_Winfield_Sr. \"Antoine Winfield Sr.\").", "### Week 13: at Chicago Bears", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=0\\\|\\\|R2\\=7\\\|\\\|R3\\=0\\\|\\\|R4\\=14\n\\\|Home\\=Bears\n\\\|H1\\=7\\\|\\\|H2\\=6\\\|\\\|H3\\=3\\\|\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Soldier Field]], \\[\\[Chicago\\\|Chicago, Illinois]]\n\\\|date\\=December 2\n\\\|time\\= 4:15 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= 46 °F (8 °C), Chance Of Rain Showers\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\\|Fox]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Walt Coleman]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 62,244\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29384/CHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nHoping to rebound after a loss to the Vikings, the Giants flew to [Soldier Field](/wiki/Soldier_Field \"Soldier Field\") for a Week 13 intraconference duel with the defending NFC champion [Chicago Bears](/wiki/Chicago_Bears \"Chicago Bears\"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Bears QB [Rex Grossman](/wiki/Rex_Grossman \"Rex Grossman\") completed a 1\\-yard TD pass to TE [Desmond Clark](/wiki/Desmond_Clark \"Desmond Clark\") for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants got on the board as RB [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\") got a 2\\-yard TD run. Chicago responded with kicker [Robbie Gould](/wiki/Robbie_Gould \"Robbie Gould\") getting a 35\\-yard and a 46\\-yard field goal.", "In the third quarter, the Bears increased their lead to 16–7 with Gould making a 41\\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the fourth quarter, New York scored touchdowns on their last two drives in the final 7 minutes; [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completed a 6\\-yard TD pass to WR [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") (initially ruled an incomplete pass that was challenged and overturned), then RB [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\") got a 2\\-yard TD run. The Giants held on defensively and improved to 8–4 with the victory.", "Derrick Ward (24 carries for 154 yards and 1 touchdown) left the game in the 4th quarter with a fractured fibula, effectively ending his season.", "Excluding [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") two months later, [Michael Strahan](/wiki/Michael_Strahan \"Michael Strahan\") had his final career sack in the 2nd quarter.", "### Week 14: at Philadelphia Eagles", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=0\\\|\\\|R2\\=6\\\|\\\|R3\\=10\\\|\\\|R4\\=0\n\\\|Home\\=Eagles\n\\\|H1\\=7\\\|\\\|H2\\=0\\\|\\\|H3\\=3\\\|\\\|H4\\=3\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Lincoln Financial Field]], \\[\\[Philadelphia\\\|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]\n\\\|date\\=December 9\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone (North America)\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= 36 °F (2 °C), Cloudy\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL on Fox\\\|Fox]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Kenny Albert]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Daryl Johnston]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Ron Winter]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 68,594\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29395/PHI\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nComing off their road win over the Bears, the Giants flew to [Lincoln Financial Field](/wiki/Lincoln_Financial_Field \"Lincoln Financial Field\") for a Week 14 NFC East rematch with the [Philadelphia Eagles](/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles \"Philadelphia Eagles\"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Eagles QB [Donovan McNabb](/wiki/Donovan_McNabb \"Donovan McNabb\") completed an 18\\-yard TD pass to RB [Brian Westbrook](/wiki/Brian_Westbrook \"Brian Westbrook\") for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants started to draw close as kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") managed to get a 19\\-yard and a 23\\-yard field goal.", "In the third quarter, Philadelphia responded with kicker [David Akers](/wiki/David_Akers \"David Akers\") getting a 29\\-yard field goal. Afterwards, New York took the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completing a 20\\-yard TD pass to WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), along with Tynes kicking a 23\\-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Eagles tried to come back as Akers nailed a 39\\-yard field goal. In the final seconds, Philadelphia had a chance to tie the game and force overtime. Fortunately for the Giants, Akers missed a 57\\-yard field goal off the right upright with 1 second left to preserve the victory and the season\\-sweep.", "With the win, the Giants improved to 9–4\\.", "This also marked the first time since their [Super Bowl XXXV](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXV \"Super Bowl XXXV\") appearance of 2000 that New York had won 6\\-straight road games.", "### Week 15: vs. Washington Redskins", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Redskins'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=13\n\\\|R3\\=6\n\\\|R4\\=0\n\\\|Home\\=Giants\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=3\n\\\|H3\\=7\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=December 16\n\\\|time\\= 8:15 PM EST\n\\\|weather\\= 36 °F (2 °C), Cloudy\n\\\|TV\\=NBC \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Al Michaels]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[John Madden]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Andrea Kremer]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Peter Morelli]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 77,899\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29417/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nComing off their season\\-sweeping road win over the Eagles, the Giants went home for a Week 15 Sunday night NFC East rematch with the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/Washington_Redskins \"Washington Redskins\"). In the first quarter, New York trailed early as Redskins kicker [Shaun Suisham](/wiki/Shaun_Suisham \"Shaun Suisham\") managed to get a 49\\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Giants continued to trail as Suisham kicked a 31\\-yard field goal, along with RB [Ladell Betts](/wiki/Ladell_Betts \"Ladell Betts\") getting a 14\\-yard TD run. New York would get on the board with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") getting a 35\\-yard field goal. Washington would end the half with Suisham nailing a 28\\-yard field goal.", "In the third quarter, the Giants' deficit climbed as Redskins RB [Clinton Portis](/wiki/Clinton_Portis \"Clinton Portis\") getting a 5\\-yard TD run (with a failed 2\\-point conversion). New York tried to make a comeback as QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completed a 19\\-yard TD pass to TE [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss \"Kevin Boss\"). However, the wind and Washington's defense prevented any hopes.", "Eli Manning set a record of futility in the game with 35 incomplete passes, setting a record for most incomplete passes in an NFL game since the AFL/NFL merger. In fairness to Manning, his receivers also did not play well, dropping at least eight of his passes. Washington quarterback [Todd Collins](/wiki/Todd_Collins_%28quarterback%29 \"Todd Collins (quarterback)\"), making his first NFL start since 1997 in place of the injured [Jason Campbell](/wiki/Jason_Campbell \"Jason Campbell\"), didn't play much better, going 8–25, but got the win.", "With the loss, not only did the Giants fall to 9–5, but they also lost TE [Jeremy Shockey](/wiki/Jeremy_Shockey \"Jeremy Shockey\") for the year in the third quarter with a broken left fibula. It would be his final appearance as a New York Giant. Due to the Giants's increasing problems with Shockey's attitude and the emergence of [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss \"Kevin Boss\") during the remainder of the season, he became expendable and was eventually traded to the [New Orleans Saints](/wiki/New_Orleans_Saints \"New Orleans Saints\").", "### Week 16: at Buffalo Bills", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=0\n\\\|R2\\=17\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=21\n\\\|Home\\=Bills\n\\\|H1\\=14\n\\\|H2\\=0\n\\\|H3\\=7\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Ralph Wilson Stadium]], \\[\\[Orchard Park, New York]]\n\\\|date\\=December 23\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM (\\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]])\n\\\|weather\\= 52 °F (11 °C), Rain And Wind\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Kenny Albert]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Daryl Johnson]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Tony Siragusa]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Gene Steratore]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 71,302\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29421/BUF\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants took their 6–1 road record to Buffalo in search of clinching a playoff spot. They were able to rebound nicely from the week 15 home loss to Washington with a 38–21 win over the Bills. The Giants utilized their running game to wear down the Bills, as [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") rushed for 143 yards and 2 touchdowns and rookie [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\") rushed for 151 yards and a touchdown, including an 88\\-yard hustle that gave the Giants a 31–21 lead in the fourth quarter. Eli Manning had a rough day throwing the ball, as the harsh conditions forced him into completing just 7 of 16 passes and throwing for only 111 yards with two interceptions. [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\") and [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\") also returned interceptions for touchdowns.", "The Giants rallied early from a 14–0, first\\-quarter deficit to win a game played through rain, wind, and snow. Early on, it appeared that the Bills would dominate the game, with [Trent Edwards](/wiki/Trent_Edwards \"Trent Edwards\") finding [Michael Gaines](/wiki/Michael_Gaines \"Michael Gaines\") for a three\\-yard touchdown to make it 7–0\\. After the Giants punted, Edwards hit [Lee Evans](/wiki/Lee_Evans_%28American_football%29 \"Lee Evans (American football)\") for a 4\\-yard touchdown to make it 14–0\\. As the weather changed from windy with no precipitation to windy and snowy, so did the Giants's fortunes. In the second quarter, [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") ran for a six\\-yard touchdown, then on the next drive had his longest run of the season, a 43\\-yard touchdown run to tie the game at 14\\. A Lawrence Tynes field goal made it 17–14 at the half.", "In the third quarter, a [Marshawn Lynch](/wiki/Marshawn_Lynch \"Marshawn Lynch\") touchdown run and a goal line stand by the Bills made the score 21–17 Bills heading into the final quarter. However, the Giants ran away with the contest in the fourth. With 14:05 to go in the 4th, Trent Edwards's pass was deflected and intercepted by linebacker (and future Bill) [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\"), who returned it 20 yards for a touchdown for the go\\-ahead score. With 6:27 to go, the Giants got the ball back on their own 12\\-yard line. During the second half, rookie 7th\\-round pick [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\"), who seldom played outside of special teams before this game but who now had an opportunity due to [Derrick Ward](/wiki/Derrick_Ward \"Derrick Ward\")'s injury and [Reuben Droughns](/wiki/Reuben_Droughns \"Reuben Droughns\")'s declining play, checked into the game. Bradshaw (who, unusual for a Giant, played with a single \"y\" on one side of his helmet instead of the standard \"ny\" in this game) received a handoff towards the left side of the line, cut towards the left sideline, received a key block from receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), and sprinted down the sideline 88 yards for a touchdown to make it 31–21\\. Bradshaw's run is the third\\-longest in Giants history, with [Tiki Barber](/wiki/Tiki_Barber \"Tiki Barber\")'s 95\\-yard touchdown against the Raiders on New Year's Eve 2005 being the longest. Just three plays later, Trent Edwards was intercepted by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\"), who returned Edwards's errant pass 34 yards for the game\\-clinching touchdown.", "While Eli Manning played poorly again, going 7–15 for just 111 yards with two interceptions and four fumbles (two lost), Trent Edwards also had a poor performance, going just 9\\-26 for 161 yards. Although he threw for 2 touchdowns, he also threw 3 interceptions (2 returned for touchdowns) and fumbled twice (though both were recovered by other Bills), and was just 3–19 after his first two drives. Ahmad Bradshaw ran for 151 yards on just 17 carries, while Brandon Jacobs ran for a career\\-high 143 yards on 25 carries with 2 touchdowns. Another important stat to note is that all 59 points in the game were scored going towards the east end zone.", "With the win, the Giants improved to 10–5 to clinch their third consecutive playoff berth. They also secured the 5th seed when the [Washington Redskins](/wiki/2007_Washington_Redskins_season \"2007 Washington Redskins season\") defeated the [Minnesota Vikings](/wiki/2007_Minnesota_Vikings_season \"2007 Minnesota Vikings season\") later that night.", "{{cite web\\\|title\\=New York Giants at Buffalo Bills \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200712230buf.htm}}", "### Week 17: vs. New England Patriots", "{{main article\\\|2007 New England Patriots–New York Giants game}}\n{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Patriots'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=13\n\\\|R3\\=7\n\\\|R4\\=15\n\\\|Home\\=Giants\n\\\|H1\\=7\n\\\|H2\\=14\n\\\|H3\\=7\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Giants Stadium]], \\[\\[East Rutherford, New Jersey]]\n\\\|date\\=December 29\n\\\|time\\= 8:15 PM EST\n\\\|weather\\=44 °F (7 °C), Clear\n\\\|TV\\=\\[\\[NFL Network\\\|NFLN]] \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Bryant Gumbel]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Cris Collinsworth]] (color commentator), \\& \\[\\[Adam Schefter]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\\|Mike Carey]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 79,110\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29435/NYG\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThis marked the first time since [Super Bowl I](/wiki/Super_Bowl_I \"Super Bowl I\") that an NFL game was simulcast by more than one television network. It was the first time an NFL game was carried on three national networks ([CBS](/wiki/CBS \"CBS\"), [NBC](/wiki/NBC \"NBC\"), and [NFL Network](/wiki/NFL_Network \"NFL Network\")) with an additional 1\\.2 million viewers seeing the game on local NY and MA networks. The game was originally scheduled to be broadcast on NFL Network only, but [Roger Goodell](/wiki/Roger_Goodell \"Roger Goodell\") allowed other stations to broadcast it due to the Patriots being 15–0 and needing just one more win to become the first team to go 16–0 in the regular season. There was disagreement surrounding coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\")'s decision to play all his starters. Some of them played injured, notably [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") who had an ankle injury and missed most of practice during the end of the season and the Giants postseason run. A Giant win would have no effect in the playoffs the following Sunday, as the Giants had earned the \\#5 seed as a wildcard and Dallas had won the division with the best record in the NFC. By playing his starters, he risked losing additional players on an already banged up roster playing against a heavily favored Patriots team, which was playing for the history books to go undefeated in the regular season. Still, the Giants were the final team to have a chance to end the Patriots' shot at a perfect season, and a victory would be an impressive display for pride and momentum.", "The Patriots set numerous offensive records while becoming the first ever 16–0 team in the regular season in a raucous and hostile [Giants Stadium](/wiki/Giants_Stadium \"Giants Stadium\"). [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\") set a single season record for TD passes, [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss \"Randy Moss\") set a record for TD receptions, and the Patriots as a whole set a record for most points scored. Despite losing 38–35, the Giants played well and impressed critics in the defeat. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") played well, completing 22 of 32 passes for 251 yards while throwing 4 touchdowns and 1 interception, the lone interception of the game. The Giants led 28–16 in the third quarter, the Patriots' largest deficit this season. Also, Brandon Jacobs reached 1,000 yards rushing after gaining 67 yards on the ground on 15 carries. With the loss, the Giants ended the regular season at 10–6, with a road playoff game set on January 6 against the [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers \"Tampa Bay Buccaneers\"). The game became in retrospect a preview of [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\").", "" ]
Playoffs -------- {{main article\\|2007–08 NFL playoffs}} \| Week \| Date \| Opponent \| Result \| Record \| Game site \| NFL.comrecap \| \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| \| Wild Card \| {{dow tooltip\\|January 6, 2008}} \| at [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2007_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season "2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season") \| W 24–14 \| 1–0 \| [Raymond James Stadium](/wiki/Raymond_James_Stadium "Raymond James Stadium") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008010600/2007/POST18/giants@buccaneers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \| \| Divisional \| {{dow tooltip\\|January 13, 2008}} \| at [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2007_Dallas_Cowboys_season "2007 Dallas Cowboys season") \| W 21–17 \| 2–0 \| [Texas Stadium](/wiki/Texas_Stadium "Texas Stadium") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008011301/2007/POST19/giants@cowboys?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \| \| NFC Championship \| {{dow tooltip\\|January 20, 2008}} \| at [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2007_Green_Bay_Packers_season "2007 Green Bay Packers season") \| W 23–20 {{small\\|(OT)}} \| 3–0 \| [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008012001/2007/POST20/giants@packers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \| \| [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") \| {{dow tooltip\\|February 3, 2008}} \| [New England Patriots](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season "2007 New England Patriots season") \| W 17–14 \| 4–0 \| [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium "University of Phoenix Stadium") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008020300/2007/POST21/giants@patriots?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \| ### NFC Wild Card Game: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=0 \\|R2\=14 \\|R3\=3 \\|R4\=7 \\|Home\=Buccaneers \\|H1\=7 \\|H2\=0 \\|H3\=0 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[Raymond James Stadium]], \[\[Tampa, Florida]] \\|date\=January 6 \\|time\= 1:00 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\= 70 °F (21 °C), Sunny \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Walt Anderson (American football official)\\|Walt Anderson]] \\|attendance\= 65,621 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29518/TB\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants ended their postseason skid with a 24–14 victory over the \#4 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers "Tampa Bay Buccaneers"). [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") won his first career playoff game and [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") won his first playoff game with the Giants. The Giants got off to a rough start, at the end of the first quarter they trailed 7–0 and had gained only −2 yards on offense. But the Giants responded with a pair of touchdowns in the second quarter to take a 14–7 lead heading into halftime. At the start of the second half, [Micheal Spurlock](/wiki/Micheal_Spurlock "Micheal Spurlock") of the Bucs fumbled the kickoff return, which was recovered by [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster"). The Giants were able to get a field goal off of the ensuing drive, extending their lead to 17–7\. Later in the quarter, Webster intercepted a pass from [Jeff Garcia](/wiki/Jeff_Garcia "Jeff Garcia") in the end zone. In the fourth quarter, Manning threw a touchdown pass to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") for a 24–7 lead. Garcia would lead the Bucs down the field on their next possession for a touchdown, but the damage had been done as the Bucs lost the game 24–14 after Garcia threw another interception late in the fourth quarter. Manning's final stat line was impressive: 20 of 27 for 185 yards, 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. With the win, the Giants improved their overall record to 11–6\. ### NFC Divisional Game: at Dallas Cowboys {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=7 \\|R2\=7 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=7 \\|Home\=Cowboys \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=14 \\|H3\=3 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Texas Stadium]], \[\[Irving, Texas]] \\|date\=January 13 \\|time\= 4:30 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\=59 °F (15 °C), Clear Skies \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Peter Morelli]] \\|attendance\= 63,660 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29523/DAL\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants advanced to the NFC Title Game for the first time since 2000 with a 21–17 victory over the top\-seeded [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys"). The Giants were not expected to win, or even give the Cowboys much difficulty, having lost both regular season games to the Cowboys. The Giants would have to deal with a hostile crowd as the Cowboys with the best record in the NFC had gained home field advantage throughout the playoffs. This meant the Cowboys had 2 weeks of rest to prepare for a team they played twice a year, while the lower seeded Wildcard Giants had to play against Tampa Bay in the Wildcard round of the playoffs. Making matters worse for the Giants, the Cowboys had \#1 receiver [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens "Terrell Owens") back after he had missed the last two games of the regular season due to an injury, and had \#3 receiver [Terry Glenn](/wiki/Terry_Glenn "Terry Glenn") playing just his second game of the season after undergoing knee surgery. Dallas played ball control offense, a strategy the Giants are usually known for. The Cowboys won the battle for time of possession, having possession for far longer than the Giants. With a quick score, the Giants were able to overcome very long, time\-consuming drives by the Cowboys in the win. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") had another good game, completing 66% of his passes with 12 out of 18 passes for 163 yards and throwing 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. Both of his TD passes were caught by veteran receiver [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer"). The game began with the Giants receiving an opening kickoff. After three [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") runs netted 20 yards, Eli Manning hit Amani Toomer on a crossing route towards the left sideline. Toomer then maneuvered past cornerback [Anthony Henry](/wiki/Anthony_Henry_%28American_football%29 "Anthony Henry (American football)") before outrunning safeties [Ken Hamlin](/wiki/Ken_Hamlin "Ken Hamlin") and [Roy Williams](/wiki/Roy_Williams_%28safety%29 "Roy Williams (safety)") down the sideline for a 52\-yard touchdown just 2:58 into the game. Both teams then exchanged punts with the Cowboys starting a drive at their own 4\-yard line. The Cowboys then went on a ten play, five minute drive that went 96 yards for the game\-tying touchdown. [Marion Barber](/wiki/Marion_Barber_III "Marion Barber III"), making his first start of the season after leading the Cowboys in rushing touchdowns on the season (combined with [Julius Jones](/wiki/Julius_Jones_%28American_football%29 "Julius Jones (American football)")'s declining performance), was the key factor for the drive, rushing for 72 yards on the drive including a 36\-yard run. On the first play of the second quarter, [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") threw a fade to Terrell Owens, who caught the ball and kept both feet in bounds for the touchdown. A [Chris Canty](/wiki/Chris_Canty_%28defensive_lineman%29 "Chris Canty (defensive lineman)") sack of Eli Manning forced a punt on the Giants's next possession, and the Cowboys started their next drive on their own 10\-yard line. The Cowboys went on a 20\-play, 90\-yard drive where they converted 5 third downs. Barber capped off the drive with a 1\-yard touchdown plunge to make it 14–7 Cowboys with 1:01 to go in the first half. With the Cowboys dominating the game at this point outside of the Giants's opening touchdown, the Giants needed at least a field goal in order to keep themselves in the game. Rookie receiver [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 "Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)") got the Giants going with two receptions for 33 yards, then Eli Manning found [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss "Kevin Boss") on a corner route for 19 yards to put the Giants at the 4\-yard line with 17 seconds left in the half. On the next play, Manning found Toomer on a crossing route, and he lunged into the end zone for the touchdown with 11 seconds left in the half. The score was tied at 14 at the half. Though the Giants and Cowboys were tied at 14–14 heading into halftime, the second half was all about defense as both teams totaled 10 points in the second half. However early on, it looked to be more of the same from the Cowboys as they entered the red zone again on a 14 play drive taking up over 8 minutes of the clock. Finally, the Giants got a stop off a Cowboys miscue. On 3rd and 12 from the Giants's 16\-yard line, Tony Romo had an open Terrell Owens crossing over the middle of the field, but he threw behind him, resulting in Dallas settling for [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk "Nick Folk")'s 33\-yard field goal to make it 17–14\. Giants kick returner [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon "Domenik Hixon") returned the ensuing kickoff 45 yards, but in large part due to a sack by [DeMarcus Ware](/wiki/DeMarcus_Ware "DeMarcus Ware"), the Giants failed to get any points and punted. The Cowboys got the ball back when they made probably their worst play of the day. In the lead\-up to the game, receiver [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton "Patrick Crayton") declared that the Cowboys would be going to the Super Bowl. On a third down play, Romo was chased by the Giants pass rush and avoided them before finding a wide\-open Crayton, but he dropped it. The play likely would have gone for a big gain had Crayton caught the pass, but instead, the Cowboys were forced to punt. Veteran corner [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters") returned the ensuing punt 25 yards, and this time, the Giants capitalized on their good field position. Manning went 3–4 to lead the Giants inside the 10\-yard line, and then Giants bruising running back Brandon Jacobs scored the winning touchdown, overpowering a goal line stand by the Cowboys defense. As hated rivals in a hostile stadium, Jacobs continued running with the ball in the end zone and hit the playclock loudly, but avoided the unsportsmanlike conduct penalty that the celebration would earn today. It didn't look like the winning touchdown, as there was still over 13 minutes left in the 4th quarter and Giants only led by 4 points, but the 4th quarter turned into a clock killing scoreless battle of opposing defenses. Bending without breaking, yardage had been allowed without points for either side. While the Giants failed to move the ball on their ensuing possessions, the Cowboys began to struggle offensively. Now trailing when they had been controlling the game for the majority of the contest, the Cowboys began to abandon their running attack. More crucially, however, the Giants pass rush began to assert itself. During the season, the Cowboys had been one of the best teams in the league in controlling the Giants's league\-leading pass rush, but in the fourth quarter, the Giants broke through with [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor "Reggie Torbor") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell") both contributing sacks, and the team constantly forcing Tony Romo to rush throws. Romo became so rattled he committed an intentional grounding penalty with four minutes left, forcing a punt. As the game reached its closing minutes, the Cowboys had possession with a final chance to win. [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") began to lead the Cowboys down the field for a potential game\-winning drive with a minute and a half left in the game. They successfully got to scoring position, although only a touchdown could win it with a 4\-point deficit. On a third down play, Romo was rushed out of the pocket by the Giants pass rush again, but flipped the ball to tight end [Jason Witten](/wiki/Jason_Witten "Jason Witten") for an 18\-yard gain to put the Cowboys at the 22\-yard line. After a false start by Cowboys tackle [Marc Colombo](/wiki/Marc_Colombo "Marc Colombo"), a completion for 4 yards, and an incomplete pass, the Cowboys had 3rd and 11 at the 23\-yard line with 21 seconds left with two chances to score a game\-winning touchdown, when Patrick Crayton made another bad play. On third down, Romo threw incomplete for Crayton. While the pass appeared to be overthrown by Romo, replays showed that on the down, out, and up pattern that Crayton was supposed to run, he stopped on the "out" part of the route, then restarted for the "up" portion of the route, resulting in the overthrown pass. On fourth down, Romo threw over the middle for Terry Glenn, and his pass was intercepted by [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters") with 9 seconds remaining. Manning kneeled on the next play, winning a huge unexpected upset of the heavily favored \#1 seed Cowboys. In large part due to their two touchdown\-scoring drives, Dallas dominated the game statistically, outgaining the Giants 336–230 and controlling the ball for 36:30 compared to the Giants's 23:30\. However, the Cowboys committed 11 penalties compared to just three by the Giants, and while Romo outgained Manning through the air, Manning's QB rating for the game was 132\.4 compared to Romo's 64\.7\. The Giants were headed to Green Bay to play the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") on January 20 for the NFC Championship and a spot in [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII"). However, The Cowboys were considered the team widely expected to represent the NFC in the Super Bowl, and the NFC championship game was expected to be played in Dallas, not Green Bay, as the Packers had earned the \#2 seed. This was because the Packers had lost to the Cowboys during the regular season. With the big win over Dallas, the Giants had suddenly changed all expectations, and improved their overall record to 12–6\. This set a matchup the following week against the also heavily favored Packers, who were 14–3 after a 42–20 victory over the [Seattle Seahawks](/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks "Seattle Seahawks") in the Divisional round, and additionally had soundly defeated the Giants in New York in week 2, 35–13\. {{cite web\\|title\=New York Giants at Dallas Cowboys \- January 13, 2008 \\|website\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200801130dal.htm}} ### NFC Championship Game: at Green Bay Packers {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3\\|\\|R2\=3\\|\\|R3\=14\\|\\|R4\=0\\|\\|R5\=3 \\|Home\=Packers \\|H1\=0\\|\\|H2\=10\\|\\|H3\=7\\|\\|H4\=3\\|\\|H5\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Lambeau Field]], \[\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]] \\|date\=January 20 \\|time\= 6:30 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\= −1 °F (−18 °C), Clear \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Terry McAulay]] \\|attendance\= 72,740 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29525/GB\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} After their big win over the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys"), the Giants traveled to [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field") to face the second\-seeded [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") on a freezing night. With a gametime temperature of \-1 degree and a \-23 degree windchill, it was the third\-coldest NFL game in terms of windchill, behind the 1967 [Ice Bowl](/wiki/1967_NFL_Championship_Game "1967 NFL Championship Game") between the Cowboys and the Packers and the January 1982 [Freezer Bowl](/wiki/Freezer_Bowl "Freezer Bowl") between the Chargers and the Bengals (which holds the record with a \-59 degree windchill). While the Giants were steadily gaining more respect throughout the league after their upset of the Cowboys, most analysts and pundits predicted the Packers to win and represent the NFC in the Super Bowl. The Packers won the toss and received the opening kickoff, but after two [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") completions, the Packers failed to move the ball further and punted. The Giants offense opened the game with running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") plowing into cornerback [Charles Woodson](/wiki/Charles_Woodson "Charles Woodson") on a five\-yard run. With the help of three receptions by receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), the Giants entered the red zone when they survived a potential turnover. While being held by a lineman on a third\-down play, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") threw the ball straight to lineman [Cullen Jenkins](/wiki/Cullen_Jenkins "Cullen Jenkins"), but he dropped the potential interception, and instead the Giants got on the board first with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") getting a 29\-yard field goal. The Giants kept the ball for most of the 1st quarter, leading 3–0 at the end of the quarter. In the 2nd quarter, the Packers defense shut the Giants' passing game down after two more completions to [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), so the Giants settled for another Tynes field goal at 11:41 left in the half. The Giants led 6–0, and appeared to be in good position for their next drive when [Koren Robinson](/wiki/Koren_Robinson "Koren Robinson") muffed the ensuing kickoff and fell on it at the Packers's 10\-yard line. However, on the first play of the Packers' next drive, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") pump\-faked, then threw a 90\-yard TD pass to [Donald Driver](/wiki/Donald_Driver "Donald Driver"), who had beaten blown coverage by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster") before outrunning safety [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson "Gibril Wilson") down the right sideline, and the Packers led 7–6\. The teams then exchanged punts before the Packers received great field position at the Giants's 47\-yard line. The Packers advanced into the red zone and faced a 3rd and 8 from the Giants 19\-yard line. Favre found backup running back [Brandon Jackson](/wiki/Brandon_Jackson_%28American_football%29 "Brandon Jackson (American football)") in the flat with lineman [Jason Spitz](/wiki/Jason_Spitz "Jason Spitz") out in front to block, but somehow, middle linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce "Antonio Pierce") grabbed hold of Jackson to prevent him from advancing before [Dave Tollefson](/wiki/Dave_Tollefson "Dave Tollefson") could help him make the tackle. Green Bay settled for kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby "Mason Crosby") making a 36\-yard field goal to give the Packers a 10–6 lead with 1:34 left in the half. On the Giants's next drive, Manning found Burress deep for a 32\-yard pass on his 7th reception of the day, but an [A. J. Hawk](/wiki/A._J._Hawk "A. J. Hawk") sack on fourth down prevented the Giants from scoring. The Packers led 10–6 at the half. The Giants got the ball first in the 3rd quarter, and had a successful drive that ended with a [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") 1\-yard TD run. The Giants led 13–10\. This drive nearly ended with an interception with [Al Harris](/wiki/Al_Harris_%28cornerback%29 "Al Harris (cornerback)") intercepting another Eli Manning pass intended for Burress, but he committed pass interference to make the interception, so the play was nullified. In the next Packers drive, after a [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison "Sam Madison") penalty, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") threw a 12\-yard TD pass to tight end [Donald Lee](/wiki/Donald_Lee_%28American_football%29 "Donald Lee (American football)"). The Packers led 17–13\. The Giants responded in their next drive by driving to the four\-yard line after a 23\-yard reception by [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") (which was challenged by Green Bay and upheld). From the Packers's 4\-yard line, Manning then handed off to [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw"), who went off tackle right but got caught in a stalemate at the one\-yard line. In a heads\-up play, right tackle [Kareem McKenzie](/wiki/Kareem_McKenzie "Kareem McKenzie") grabbed Bradshaw and dragged him into the end zone with him, resulting in a touchdown. The Giants led 20–17 with 2:12 left in the 3rd quarter. For the remainder of regulation, the game would be defined by potentially crushing mistakes by the Giants that prevented them from entirely capitalizing on the Packers's failures to penetrate the Giants defense. On the next drive, Brett Favre avoided the Giants pass rush and threw an interception to [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters"), but McQuarters never went down and was fumbled upon being tackled, with the loose ball bouncing straight to offensive lineman [Mark Tauscher](/wiki/Mark_Tauscher "Mark Tauscher") at the 19\-yard line. The Giants defense held, and with 11:46 left in the game, Packers kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby "Mason Crosby") hit a 37\-yard field goal to tie the game at 20–20\. On the Giants' next drive, after not converting for a 1st down, the Giants were at 4th and 5\. The Giants failed to convert, however a Packers penalty gave the Giants a 1st down. the Giants advanced to the Packers's 28\-yard line when Eli Manning went for the touchdown to Plaxico Burress, when Al Harris finally made a play and broke up the pass. The Giants then went for a field goal, but with 6:49 left in the game, [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") missed a 43\-yard field goal attempt. The Packers's next two drives went three\-and\-out before they punted to the Giants with 2:30 left. Packers punter [Jon Ryan](/wiki/Jon_Ryan "Jon Ryan")'s next punt went only 31 yards to the Packers's 48\-yard line, but R. W. McQuarters fumbled the punt return, with [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon "Domenik Hixon") saving a turnover by recovering the ball at the 48\-yard line. On the next play, Ahmad Bradshaw broke through the Packers's defense for what appeared to be a 48\-yard touchdown run, but the play was nullified due to a holding penalty. Undaunted, Manning found [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 "Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)") for completions of 14 and 11 yards before the Giants killed time for Lawrence Tynes to attempt a game\-winning 36\-yard field goal. On the last play of regulation, however, Giants long snapper [Jay Alford](/wiki/Jay_Alford "Jay Alford") had a low snap, and Tynes shanked the kick wide left on an attempt that was not even close to the uprights. The Giants and Packers went into overtime with the game tied at 20–20\. The Packers won the coin toss and got the ball first. For much of the game, cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster") had been playing with a massive chip on his shoulder. While the Giants coaches had tried to encourage him and assure him that he would get another opportunity, he remained angry over his poor play resulting in Brett Favre's 90\-yard touchdown to Donald Driver and wanted to make a big play to make up for it. He finally got an opportunity on the second play of overtime. The Packers called an out pattern play for Driver, where Donald Lee would shift to fullback and attempt to deceive the Giants defense into believing that he would be a lead blocker on a running play (they had previously called this play twice before in the game, with the play being successful both times). Favre dropped back, and in a bonehead play that helped to define his legacy as a "gunslinger," threw the ball straight towards Webster, who was in position against Driver. Webster took advantage of his long\-awaited opportunity and intercepted the pass, and went five yards before Driver dragged him down, which gave the Giants the ball in Packer territory. The Giants failed to convert on 3rd down and decided to go for the field goal. Although he had missed his previous two attempts, Tynes, like Webster before him, also wanted another opportunity and sprinted straight onto the field for a 47\-yard attempt with 12:29 left in OT. Before Tynes's attempt, no kicker had made a field goal of over 40 yards with the game time temperature below freezing. Tynes's attempt initially went wide of the right goalpost, but the wind hooked it left and the kick went just over the crossbar for the game\-winning field goal, and the Giants became the 2007 NFC Champions. The Giants beat the Packers, 23–20\. The Giants victory was the first championship win over the Packers since 1938\. The Packers have a 4–2 record over the Giants in NFL/NFC Championship series. The win also marked the Giants' 10th straight road win and their 4th straight NFC Championship victory. For the Giants, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") went 21–40 for 251 yards. Although he didn't throw a touchdown, he avoided an interception for the third straight playoff game. It was generally agreed by critics after the game that he outplayed Favre, making another instance where he outplayed a quarterback considered far superior to him in the lead\-up to the contest. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") added 67 yards on 21 carries with a touchdown, while [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw") ran 16 times for 63 yards and a touchdown. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") caught 11 passes for 151 yards. Along with his 200\+ yard receiving performance in 2002 against the Falcons while a member of the Steelers, it is considered by many to be his single greatest game as a receiver. While the Giants defense didn't have a sack in this contest, they held the Packers to just 28 yards rushing. Former Giants running back [Ryan Grant](/wiki/Ryan_Grant_%28running_back%29 "Ryan Grant (running back)"), who had run for 201 yards against the Seahawks the previous week, ran for just 29 yards against his former team. The game was [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre")'s final game as a Green Bay Packer, with whom he played with for 16 seasons. He appeared to retire for good during the offseason, but instead announced just before the season started that he wanted to play again. Because the Packers spent the offseason after the retirement announcement preparing [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers "Aaron Rodgers") for the starting job, Favre became expendable and was traded to the Jets. During the game, Giants coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") caught frostbite. His increasingly red face due to the freezing conditions and frostbite received considerable attention from TV cameras during the game. The New York Giants were headed to [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") to face the 2007 AFC Champions [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots") who were [undefeated at 18–0](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season "2007 New England Patriots season"). on February 3, 2008\. {{cite web\\|title\=NFC Championship \- New York Giants at Green Bay Packers \- January 20, 2008 \\|website\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200801120gnb.htm}} ### Super Bowl XLII: vs. New England Patriots {{main article\\|Super Bowl XLII}} {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=0 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=14 \\|Home\=Patriots \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=7 \\|H3\=0 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[University of Phoenix Stadium]], \[\[Glendale, Arizona]] \\|date\=February 3 \\|time\= 6:31 p.m. \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]]/4:31 p.m. \[\[North American Mountain Time Zone\\|MST]] \\|weather\= Dome \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporters). \\|referee\= \[\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\|Mike Carey]] \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29526/NE\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] \\|attendance\= 71,101 }} Two weeks after their [NFC Championship](/wiki/NFC_Championship "NFC Championship") victory over the Packers, the Giants flew to the [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium "University of Phoenix Stadium") for [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") against the undefeated AFC Champions, the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots"), in a rematch of [Week 17](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots-New_York_Giants_game "2007 New England Patriots-New York Giants game"). That game had ended with the Patriots winning a very close game after coming back, and would prove to be a sign of things to come, but with a reverse ending. After calling tails to win the coin toss, the Giants started the game with the longest opening drive in Super Bowl history, a 16\-play, 77\-yard march that consumed 9 minutes, 59 seconds and featured four third\-down conversions, the most ever on a Super Bowl opening drive. But New England halted the drive at their own 14\-yard line, where New York delivered the first punch with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") nailing a 32\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Patriots responded with RB [Laurence Maroney](/wiki/Laurence_Maroney "Laurence Maroney") getting a 1\-yard TD run for the only score of the period. After a scoreless third quarter, the Giants regained the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completing a 5\-yard TD pass to WR [David Tyree](/wiki/David_Tyree "David Tyree"). New England retook the lead with QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady") completing a 6\-yard TD pass to WR [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss "Randy Moss"). Afterwards, with only 2 minutes and 40 seconds left, Manning led his Giants from their own 17\-yard line all the way to the Patriots' 13\-yard line, featuring a 4th down conversion (a one\-yard run by Brandon Jacobs on 4th and inches) and even [Eli escaping a sure\-fire sack \& completing a 32\-yard pass to Tyree](/wiki/Helmet_Catch "Helmet Catch"), where he would hook up with WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") for the game\-winning TD pass. The defense after that didn't even allow a single yard, as Brady was sacked once and threw 3 incomplete passes, turning the ball over on downs. [thumb\\|right\\|200px\\|The Giants visiting the [White House](/wiki/White_House "White House") in honor of their Super Bowl victory on April 30, 2008\.](/wiki/Image:Bush_%26_Cheney_with_NY_Giants_20080430-6_giants1-515h.jpg "Bush & Cheney with NY Giants 20080430-6 giants1-515h.jpg") With the win, the Giants finished their championship season with an overall record of 14–6\. They became the third team (after the 1993 Cowboys and 2001 Patriots) to win the Super Bowl after beginning the season 0–2 and were the first NFC Wild Card to win the Super Bowl. The victory also gave them their 11th\-straight road win (an NFL record). Eli Manning was named the game's MVP after completing 19 of 34 passes for 255 yards, 2 touchdowns, and an interception; a majority of his offense came in the decisive fourth quarter, completing nine of 14 passes for 152 yards and both touchdowns. The defense had a stellar performance, sacking Patriots QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady") five times. Coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") became the third oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl (61 years and 156 days). Punter [Jeff Feagles](/wiki/Jeff_Feagles "Jeff Feagles") was the oldest player to play in a Super Bowl, let alone win one. Eli and [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning "Peyton Manning") became the first brother QBs to become back\-to\-back [Super Bowl winners](/wiki/Super_Bowl_winners "Super Bowl winners") and [Super Bowl MVPs](/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP "Super Bowl MVP").	[ "Playoffs\n--------", "{{main article\\\|2007–08 NFL playoffs}}", "", "\| Week \| Date \| Opponent \| Result \| Record \| Game site \| NFL.comrecap \|\n\| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \| --- \|\n\| Wild Card \| {{dow tooltip\\\|January 6, 2008}} \| at [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/2007_Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers_season \"2007 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season\") \| W 24–14 \| 1–0 \| [Raymond James Stadium](/wiki/Raymond_James_Stadium \"Raymond James Stadium\") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008010600/2007/POST18/giants@buccaneers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|\n\| Divisional \| {{dow tooltip\\\|January 13, 2008}} \| at [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/2007_Dallas_Cowboys_season \"2007 Dallas Cowboys season\") \| W 21–17 \| 2–0 \| [Texas Stadium](/wiki/Texas_Stadium \"Texas Stadium\") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008011301/2007/POST19/giants@cowboys?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|\n\| NFC Championship \| {{dow tooltip\\\|January 20, 2008}} \| at [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/2007_Green_Bay_Packers_season \"2007 Green Bay Packers season\") \| W 23–20 {{small\\\|(OT)}} \| 3–0 \| [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008012001/2007/POST20/giants@packers?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|\n\| [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") \| {{dow tooltip\\\|February 3, 2008}} \| [New England Patriots](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season \"2007 New England Patriots season\") \| W 17–14 \| 4–0 \| [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium \"University of Phoenix Stadium\") \| [Recap](https://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2008020300/2007/POST21/giants@patriots?icampaign=GC_schedule_rr) \|", "### NFC Wild Card Game: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=0\n\\\|R2\\=14\n\\\|R3\\=3\n\\\|R4\\=7\n\\\|Home\\=Buccaneers\n\\\|H1\\=7\n\\\|H2\\=0\n\\\|H3\\=0\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Raymond James Stadium]], \\[\\[Tampa, Florida]]\n\\\|date\\=January 6\n\\\|time\\= 1:00 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= 70 °F (21 °C), Sunny\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Walt Anderson (American football official)\\\|Walt Anderson]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 65,621\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29518/TB\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants ended their postseason skid with a 24–14 victory over the \\#4 [Tampa Bay Buccaneers](/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Buccaneers \"Tampa Bay Buccaneers\"). [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") won his first career playoff game and [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") won his first playoff game with the Giants. The Giants got off to a rough start, at the end of the first quarter they trailed 7–0 and had gained only −2 yards on offense. But the Giants responded with a pair of touchdowns in the second quarter to take a 14–7 lead heading into halftime. At the start of the second half, [Micheal Spurlock](/wiki/Micheal_Spurlock \"Micheal Spurlock\") of the Bucs fumbled the kickoff return, which was recovered by [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\"). The Giants were able to get a field goal off of the ensuing drive, extending their lead to 17–7\\. Later in the quarter, Webster intercepted a pass from [Jeff Garcia](/wiki/Jeff_Garcia \"Jeff Garcia\") in the end zone. In the fourth quarter, Manning threw a touchdown pass to [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") for a 24–7 lead. Garcia would lead the Bucs down the field on their next possession for a touchdown, but the damage had been done as the Bucs lost the game 24–14 after Garcia threw another interception late in the fourth quarter. Manning's final stat line was impressive: 20 of 27 for 185 yards, 2 touchdowns and no interceptions.", "With the win, the Giants improved their overall record to 11–6\\.", "### NFC Divisional Game: at Dallas Cowboys", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=7\n\\\|R2\\=7\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=7\n\\\|Home\\=Cowboys\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=14\n\\\|H3\\=3\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Texas Stadium]], \\[\\[Irving, Texas]]\n\\\|date\\=January 13\n\\\|time\\= 4:30 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\=59 °F (15 °C), Clear Skies\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Peter Morelli]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 63,660\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29523/DAL\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants advanced to the NFC Title Game for the first time since 2000 with a 21–17 victory over the top\\-seeded [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\"). The Giants were not expected to win, or even give the Cowboys much difficulty, having lost both regular season games to the Cowboys. The Giants would have to deal with a hostile crowd as the Cowboys with the best record in the NFC had gained home field advantage throughout the playoffs. This meant the Cowboys had 2 weeks of rest to prepare for a team they played twice a year, while the lower seeded Wildcard Giants had to play against Tampa Bay in the Wildcard round of the playoffs. Making matters worse for the Giants, the Cowboys had \\#1 receiver [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens \"Terrell Owens\") back after he had missed the last two games of the regular season due to an injury, and had \\#3 receiver [Terry Glenn](/wiki/Terry_Glenn \"Terry Glenn\") playing just his second game of the season after undergoing knee surgery. Dallas played ball control offense, a strategy the Giants are usually known for. The Cowboys won the battle for time of possession, having possession for far longer than the Giants. With a quick score, the Giants were able to overcome very long, time\\-consuming drives by the Cowboys in the win. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") had another good game, completing 66% of his passes with 12 out of 18 passes for 163 yards and throwing 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. Both of his TD passes were caught by veteran receiver [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\").", "The game began with the Giants receiving an opening kickoff. After three [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") runs netted 20 yards, Eli Manning hit Amani Toomer on a crossing route towards the left sideline. Toomer then maneuvered past cornerback [Anthony Henry](/wiki/Anthony_Henry_%28American_football%29 \"Anthony Henry (American football)\") before outrunning safeties [Ken Hamlin](/wiki/Ken_Hamlin \"Ken Hamlin\") and [Roy Williams](/wiki/Roy_Williams_%28safety%29 \"Roy Williams (safety)\") down the sideline for a 52\\-yard touchdown just 2:58 into the game.", "Both teams then exchanged punts with the Cowboys starting a drive at their own 4\\-yard line. The Cowboys then went on a ten play, five minute drive that went 96 yards for the game\\-tying touchdown. [Marion Barber](/wiki/Marion_Barber_III \"Marion Barber III\"), making his first start of the season after leading the Cowboys in rushing touchdowns on the season (combined with [Julius Jones](/wiki/Julius_Jones_%28American_football%29 \"Julius Jones (American football)\")'s declining performance), was the key factor for the drive, rushing for 72 yards on the drive including a 36\\-yard run. On the first play of the second quarter, [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") threw a fade to Terrell Owens, who caught the ball and kept both feet in bounds for the touchdown. A [Chris Canty](/wiki/Chris_Canty_%28defensive_lineman%29 \"Chris Canty (defensive lineman)\") sack of Eli Manning forced a punt on the Giants's next possession, and the Cowboys started their next drive on their own 10\\-yard line. The Cowboys went on a 20\\-play, 90\\-yard drive where they converted 5 third downs. Barber capped off the drive with a 1\\-yard touchdown plunge to make it 14–7 Cowboys with 1:01 to go in the first half.", "With the Cowboys dominating the game at this point outside of the Giants's opening touchdown, the Giants needed at least a field goal in order to keep themselves in the game. Rookie receiver [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 \"Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)\") got the Giants going with two receptions for 33 yards, then Eli Manning found [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss \"Kevin Boss\") on a corner route for 19 yards to put the Giants at the 4\\-yard line with 17 seconds left in the half. On the next play, Manning found Toomer on a crossing route, and he lunged into the end zone for the touchdown with 11 seconds left in the half. The score was tied at 14 at the half.", "Though the Giants and Cowboys were tied at 14–14 heading into halftime, the second half was all about defense as both teams totaled 10 points in the second half. However early on, it looked to be more of the same from the Cowboys as they entered the red zone again on a 14 play drive taking up over 8 minutes of the clock. Finally, the Giants got a stop off a Cowboys miscue. On 3rd and 12 from the Giants's 16\\-yard line, Tony Romo had an open Terrell Owens crossing over the middle of the field, but he threw behind him, resulting in Dallas settling for [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk \"Nick Folk\")'s 33\\-yard field goal to make it 17–14\\. Giants kick returner [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon \"Domenik Hixon\") returned the ensuing kickoff 45 yards, but in large part due to a sack by [DeMarcus Ware](/wiki/DeMarcus_Ware \"DeMarcus Ware\"), the Giants failed to get any points and punted. The Cowboys got the ball back when they made probably their worst play of the day. In the lead\\-up to the game, receiver [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton \"Patrick Crayton\") declared that the Cowboys would be going to the Super Bowl. On a third down play, Romo was chased by the Giants pass rush and avoided them before finding a wide\\-open Crayton, but he dropped it. The play likely would have gone for a big gain had Crayton caught the pass, but instead, the Cowboys were forced to punt.", "Veteran corner [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\") returned the ensuing punt 25 yards, and this time, the Giants capitalized on their good field position. Manning went 3–4 to lead the Giants inside the 10\\-yard line, and then Giants bruising running back Brandon Jacobs scored the winning touchdown, overpowering a goal line stand by the Cowboys defense. As hated rivals in a hostile stadium, Jacobs continued running with the ball in the end zone and hit the playclock loudly, but avoided the unsportsmanlike conduct penalty that the celebration would earn today.", "It didn't look like the winning touchdown, as there was still over 13 minutes left in the 4th quarter and Giants only led by 4 points, but the 4th quarter turned into a clock killing scoreless battle of opposing defenses. Bending without breaking, yardage had been allowed without points for either side. While the Giants failed to move the ball on their ensuing possessions, the Cowboys began to struggle offensively. Now trailing when they had been controlling the game for the majority of the contest, the Cowboys began to abandon their running attack. More crucially, however, the Giants pass rush began to assert itself. During the season, the Cowboys had been one of the best teams in the league in controlling the Giants's league\\-leading pass rush, but in the fourth quarter, the Giants broke through with [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor \"Reggie Torbor\") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\") both contributing sacks, and the team constantly forcing Tony Romo to rush throws. Romo became so rattled he committed an intentional grounding penalty with four minutes left, forcing a punt.", "As the game reached its closing minutes, the Cowboys had possession with a final chance to win. [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") began to lead the Cowboys down the field for a potential game\\-winning drive with a minute and a half left in the game. They successfully got to scoring position, although only a touchdown could win it with a 4\\-point deficit. On a third down play, Romo was rushed out of the pocket by the Giants pass rush again, but flipped the ball to tight end [Jason Witten](/wiki/Jason_Witten \"Jason Witten\") for an 18\\-yard gain to put the Cowboys at the 22\\-yard line. After a false start by Cowboys tackle [Marc Colombo](/wiki/Marc_Colombo \"Marc Colombo\"), a completion for 4 yards, and an incomplete pass, the Cowboys had 3rd and 11 at the 23\\-yard line with 21 seconds left with two chances to score a game\\-winning touchdown, when Patrick Crayton made another bad play. On third down, Romo threw incomplete for Crayton. While the pass appeared to be overthrown by Romo, replays showed that on the down, out, and up pattern that Crayton was supposed to run, he stopped on the \"out\" part of the route, then restarted for the \"up\" portion of the route, resulting in the overthrown pass. On fourth down, Romo threw over the middle for Terry Glenn, and his pass was intercepted by [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\") with 9 seconds remaining. Manning kneeled on the next play, winning a huge unexpected upset of the heavily favored \\#1 seed Cowboys.", "In large part due to their two touchdown\\-scoring drives, Dallas dominated the game statistically, outgaining the Giants 336–230 and controlling the ball for 36:30 compared to the Giants's 23:30\\. However, the Cowboys committed 11 penalties compared to just three by the Giants, and while Romo outgained Manning through the air, Manning's QB rating for the game was 132\\.4 compared to Romo's 64\\.7\\.", "The Giants were headed to Green Bay to play the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") on January 20 for the NFC Championship and a spot in [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\"). However, The Cowboys were considered the team widely expected to represent the NFC in the Super Bowl, and the NFC championship game was expected to be played in Dallas, not Green Bay, as the Packers had earned the \\#2 seed. This was because the Packers had lost to the Cowboys during the regular season. With the big win over Dallas, the Giants had suddenly changed all expectations, and improved their overall record to 12–6\\. This set a matchup the following week against the also heavily favored Packers, who were 14–3 after a 42–20 victory over the [Seattle Seahawks](/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks \"Seattle Seahawks\") in the Divisional round, and additionally had soundly defeated the Giants in New York in week 2, 35–13\\.", "{{cite web\\\|title\\=New York Giants at Dallas Cowboys \\- January 13, 2008 \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200801130dal.htm}}", "### NFC Championship Game: at Green Bay Packers", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\\\|\\\|R2\\=3\\\|\\\|R3\\=14\\\|\\\|R4\\=0\\\|\\\|R5\\=3\n\\\|Home\\=Packers\n\\\|H1\\=0\\\|\\\|H2\\=10\\\|\\\|H3\\=7\\\|\\\|H4\\=3\\\|\\\|H5\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Lambeau Field]], \\[\\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]\n\\\|date\\=January 20\n\\\|time\\= 6:30 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= −1 °F (−18 °C), Clear\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Terry McAulay]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 72,740\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29525/GB\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nAfter their big win over the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\"), the Giants traveled to [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\") to face the second\\-seeded [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") on a freezing night. With a gametime temperature of \\-1 degree and a \\-23 degree windchill, it was the third\\-coldest NFL game in terms of windchill, behind the 1967 [Ice Bowl](/wiki/1967_NFL_Championship_Game \"1967 NFL Championship Game\") between the Cowboys and the Packers and the January 1982 [Freezer Bowl](/wiki/Freezer_Bowl \"Freezer Bowl\") between the Chargers and the Bengals (which holds the record with a \\-59 degree windchill). While the Giants were steadily gaining more respect throughout the league after their upset of the Cowboys, most analysts and pundits predicted the Packers to win and represent the NFC in the Super Bowl.", "The Packers won the toss and received the opening kickoff, but after two [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") completions, the Packers failed to move the ball further and punted. The Giants offense opened the game with running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") plowing into cornerback [Charles Woodson](/wiki/Charles_Woodson \"Charles Woodson\") on a five\\-yard run. With the help of three receptions by receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), the Giants entered the red zone when they survived a potential turnover. While being held by a lineman on a third\\-down play, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") threw the ball straight to lineman [Cullen Jenkins](/wiki/Cullen_Jenkins \"Cullen Jenkins\"), but he dropped the potential interception, and instead the Giants got on the board first with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") getting a 29\\-yard field goal. The Giants kept the ball for most of the 1st quarter, leading 3–0 at the end of the quarter.", "In the 2nd quarter, the Packers defense shut the Giants' passing game down after two more completions to [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), so the Giants settled for another Tynes field goal at 11:41 left in the half. The Giants led 6–0, and appeared to be in good position for their next drive when [Koren Robinson](/wiki/Koren_Robinson \"Koren Robinson\") muffed the ensuing kickoff and fell on it at the Packers's 10\\-yard line. However, on the first play of the Packers' next drive, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") pump\\-faked, then threw a 90\\-yard TD pass to [Donald Driver](/wiki/Donald_Driver \"Donald Driver\"), who had beaten blown coverage by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\") before outrunning safety [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson \"Gibril Wilson\") down the right sideline, and the Packers led 7–6\\. The teams then exchanged punts before the Packers received great field position at the Giants's 47\\-yard line. The Packers advanced into the red zone and faced a 3rd and 8 from the Giants 19\\-yard line. Favre found backup running back [Brandon Jackson](/wiki/Brandon_Jackson_%28American_football%29 \"Brandon Jackson (American football)\") in the flat with lineman [Jason Spitz](/wiki/Jason_Spitz \"Jason Spitz\") out in front to block, but somehow, middle linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce \"Antonio Pierce\") grabbed hold of Jackson to prevent him from advancing before [Dave Tollefson](/wiki/Dave_Tollefson \"Dave Tollefson\") could help him make the tackle. Green Bay settled for kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby \"Mason Crosby\") making a 36\\-yard field goal to give the Packers a 10–6 lead with 1:34 left in the half. On the Giants's next drive, Manning found Burress deep for a 32\\-yard pass on his 7th reception of the day, but an [A. J. Hawk](/wiki/A._J._Hawk \"A. J. Hawk\") sack on fourth down prevented the Giants from scoring. The Packers led 10–6 at the half.", "The Giants got the ball first in the 3rd quarter, and had a successful drive that ended with a [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") 1\\-yard TD run. The Giants led 13–10\\. This drive nearly ended with an interception with [Al Harris](/wiki/Al_Harris_%28cornerback%29 \"Al Harris (cornerback)\") intercepting another Eli Manning pass intended for Burress, but he committed pass interference to make the interception, so the play was nullified. In the next Packers drive, after a [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison \"Sam Madison\") penalty, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") threw a 12\\-yard TD pass to tight end [Donald Lee](/wiki/Donald_Lee_%28American_football%29 \"Donald Lee (American football)\"). The Packers led 17–13\\. The Giants responded in their next drive by driving to the four\\-yard line after a 23\\-yard reception by [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") (which was challenged by Green Bay and upheld). From the Packers's 4\\-yard line, Manning then handed off to [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\"), who went off tackle right but got caught in a stalemate at the one\\-yard line. In a heads\\-up play, right tackle [Kareem McKenzie](/wiki/Kareem_McKenzie \"Kareem McKenzie\") grabbed Bradshaw and dragged him into the end zone with him, resulting in a touchdown. The Giants led 20–17 with 2:12 left in the 3rd quarter.", "For the remainder of regulation, the game would be defined by potentially crushing mistakes by the Giants that prevented them from entirely capitalizing on the Packers's failures to penetrate the Giants defense. On the next drive, Brett Favre avoided the Giants pass rush and threw an interception to [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\"), but McQuarters never went down and was fumbled upon being tackled, with the loose ball bouncing straight to offensive lineman [Mark Tauscher](/wiki/Mark_Tauscher \"Mark Tauscher\") at the 19\\-yard line. The Giants defense held, and with 11:46 left in the game, Packers kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby \"Mason Crosby\") hit a 37\\-yard field goal to tie the game at 20–20\\. On the Giants' next drive, after not converting for a 1st down, the Giants were at 4th and 5\\. The Giants failed to convert, however a Packers penalty gave the Giants a 1st down. the Giants advanced to the Packers's 28\\-yard line when Eli Manning went for the touchdown to Plaxico Burress, when Al Harris finally made a play and broke up the pass. The Giants then went for a field goal, but with 6:49 left in the game, [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") missed a 43\\-yard field goal attempt. The Packers's next two drives went three\\-and\\-out before they punted to the Giants with 2:30 left. Packers punter [Jon Ryan](/wiki/Jon_Ryan \"Jon Ryan\")'s next punt went only 31 yards to the Packers's 48\\-yard line, but R. W. McQuarters fumbled the punt return, with [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon \"Domenik Hixon\") saving a turnover by recovering the ball at the 48\\-yard line. On the next play, Ahmad Bradshaw broke through the Packers's defense for what appeared to be a 48\\-yard touchdown run, but the play was nullified due to a holding penalty. Undaunted, Manning found [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 \"Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)\") for completions of 14 and 11 yards before the Giants killed time for Lawrence Tynes to attempt a game\\-winning 36\\-yard field goal. On the last play of regulation, however, Giants long snapper [Jay Alford](/wiki/Jay_Alford \"Jay Alford\") had a low snap, and Tynes shanked the kick wide left on an attempt that was not even close to the uprights. The Giants and Packers went into overtime with the game tied at 20–20\\. The Packers won the coin toss and got the ball first.", "For much of the game, cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\") had been playing with a massive chip on his shoulder. While the Giants coaches had tried to encourage him and assure him that he would get another opportunity, he remained angry over his poor play resulting in Brett Favre's 90\\-yard touchdown to Donald Driver and wanted to make a big play to make up for it. He finally got an opportunity on the second play of overtime. The Packers called an out pattern play for Driver, where Donald Lee would shift to fullback and attempt to deceive the Giants defense into believing that he would be a lead blocker on a running play (they had previously called this play twice before in the game, with the play being successful both times). Favre dropped back, and in a bonehead play that helped to define his legacy as a \"gunslinger,\" threw the ball straight towards Webster, who was in position against Driver. Webster took advantage of his long\\-awaited opportunity and intercepted the pass, and went five yards before Driver dragged him down, which gave the Giants the ball in Packer territory. The Giants failed to convert on 3rd down and decided to go for the field goal. Although he had missed his previous two attempts, Tynes, like Webster before him, also wanted another opportunity and sprinted straight onto the field for a 47\\-yard attempt with 12:29 left in OT. Before Tynes's attempt, no kicker had made a field goal of over 40 yards with the game time temperature below freezing. Tynes's attempt initially went wide of the right goalpost, but the wind hooked it left and the kick went just over the crossbar for the game\\-winning field goal, and the Giants became the 2007 NFC Champions.", "The Giants beat the Packers, 23–20\\. The Giants victory was the first championship win over the Packers since 1938\\. The Packers have a 4–2 record over the Giants in NFL/NFC Championship series. The win also marked the Giants' 10th straight road win and their 4th straight NFC Championship victory.", "For the Giants, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") went 21–40 for 251 yards. Although he didn't throw a touchdown, he avoided an interception for the third straight playoff game. It was generally agreed by critics after the game that he outplayed Favre, making another instance where he outplayed a quarterback considered far superior to him in the lead\\-up to the contest. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") added 67 yards on 21 carries with a touchdown, while [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\") ran 16 times for 63 yards and a touchdown. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") caught 11 passes for 151 yards. Along with his 200\\+ yard receiving performance in 2002 against the Falcons while a member of the Steelers, it is considered by many to be his single greatest game as a receiver.", "While the Giants defense didn't have a sack in this contest, they held the Packers to just 28 yards rushing. Former Giants running back [Ryan Grant](/wiki/Ryan_Grant_%28running_back%29 \"Ryan Grant (running back)\"), who had run for 201 yards against the Seahawks the previous week, ran for just 29 yards against his former team.", "The game was [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\")'s final game as a Green Bay Packer, with whom he played with for 16 seasons. He appeared to retire for good during the offseason, but instead announced just before the season started that he wanted to play again. Because the Packers spent the offseason after the retirement announcement preparing [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers \"Aaron Rodgers\") for the starting job, Favre became expendable and was traded to the Jets.", "During the game, Giants coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") caught frostbite. His increasingly red face due to the freezing conditions and frostbite received considerable attention from TV cameras during the game.", "The New York Giants were headed to [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") to face the 2007 AFC Champions [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\") who were [undefeated at 18–0](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season \"2007 New England Patriots season\"). on February 3, 2008\\.", "{{cite web\\\|title\\=NFC Championship \\- New York Giants at Green Bay Packers \\- January 20, 2008 \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200801120gnb.htm}}", "### Super Bowl XLII: vs. New England Patriots", "{{main article\\\|Super Bowl XLII}}\n{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=0\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=14\n\\\|Home\\=Patriots\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=7\n\\\|H3\\=0\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[University of Phoenix Stadium]], \\[\\[Glendale, Arizona]]\n\\\|date\\=February 3\n\\\|time\\= 6:31 p.m. \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]/4:31 p.m. \\[\\[North American Mountain Time Zone\\\|MST]]\n\\\|weather\\= Dome\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporters).\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\\|Mike Carey]]\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29526/NE\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n\\\|attendance\\= 71,101\n}}\nTwo weeks after their [NFC Championship](/wiki/NFC_Championship \"NFC Championship\") victory over the Packers, the Giants flew to the [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium \"University of Phoenix Stadium\") for [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") against the undefeated AFC Champions, the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\"), in a rematch of [Week 17](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots-New_York_Giants_game \"2007 New England Patriots-New York Giants game\"). That game had ended with the Patriots winning a very close game after coming back, and would prove to be a sign of things to come, but with a reverse ending.", "After calling tails to win the coin toss, the Giants started the game with the longest opening drive in Super Bowl history, a 16\\-play, 77\\-yard march that consumed 9 minutes, 59 seconds and featured four third\\-down conversions, the most ever on a Super Bowl opening drive. But New England halted the drive at their own 14\\-yard line, where New York delivered the first punch with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") nailing a 32\\-yard field goal for the only score of the period.", "In the second quarter, the Patriots responded with RB [Laurence Maroney](/wiki/Laurence_Maroney \"Laurence Maroney\") getting a 1\\-yard TD run for the only score of the period. After a scoreless third quarter, the Giants regained the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completing a 5\\-yard TD pass to WR [David Tyree](/wiki/David_Tyree \"David Tyree\"). New England retook the lead with QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\") completing a 6\\-yard TD pass to WR [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss \"Randy Moss\"). Afterwards, with only 2 minutes and 40 seconds left, Manning led his Giants from their own 17\\-yard line all the way to the Patriots' 13\\-yard line, featuring a 4th down conversion (a one\\-yard run by Brandon Jacobs on 4th and inches) and even [Eli escaping a sure\\-fire sack \\& completing a 32\\-yard pass to Tyree](/wiki/Helmet_Catch \"Helmet Catch\"), where he would hook up with WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") for the game\\-winning TD pass. The defense after that didn't even allow a single yard, as Brady was sacked once and threw 3 incomplete passes, turning the ball over on downs.\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|200px\\\|The Giants visiting the [White House](/wiki/White_House \"White House\") in honor of their Super Bowl victory on April 30, 2008\\.](/wiki/Image:Bush_%26_Cheney_with_NY_Giants_20080430-6_giants1-515h.jpg \"Bush & Cheney with NY Giants 20080430-6 giants1-515h.jpg\")\nWith the win, the Giants finished their championship season with an overall record of 14–6\\. They became the third team (after the 1993 Cowboys and 2001 Patriots) to win the Super Bowl after beginning the season 0–2 and were the first NFC Wild Card to win the Super Bowl. The victory also gave them their 11th\\-straight road win (an NFL record).", "Eli Manning was named the game's MVP after completing 19 of 34 passes for 255 yards, 2 touchdowns, and an interception; a majority of his offense came in the decisive fourth quarter, completing nine of 14 passes for 152 yards and both touchdowns. The defense had a stellar performance, sacking Patriots QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\") five times.", "Coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") became the third oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl (61 years and 156 days). Punter [Jeff Feagles](/wiki/Jeff_Feagles \"Jeff Feagles\") was the oldest player to play in a Super Bowl, let alone win one.", "Eli and [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning \"Peyton Manning\") became the first brother QBs to become back\\-to\\-back [Super Bowl winners](/wiki/Super_Bowl_winners \"Super Bowl winners\") and [Super Bowl MVPs](/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP \"Super Bowl MVP\").", "" ]
### NFC Divisional Game: at Dallas Cowboys {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=7 \\|R2\=7 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=7 \\|Home\=Cowboys \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=14 \\|H3\=3 \\|H4\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Texas Stadium]], \[\[Irving, Texas]] \\|date\=January 13 \\|time\= 4:30 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\=59 °F (15 °C), Clear Skies \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Peter Morelli]] \\|attendance\= 63,660 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29523/DAL\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} The Giants advanced to the NFC Title Game for the first time since 2000 with a 21–17 victory over the top\-seeded [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys"). The Giants were not expected to win, or even give the Cowboys much difficulty, having lost both regular season games to the Cowboys. The Giants would have to deal with a hostile crowd as the Cowboys with the best record in the NFC had gained home field advantage throughout the playoffs. This meant the Cowboys had 2 weeks of rest to prepare for a team they played twice a year, while the lower seeded Wildcard Giants had to play against Tampa Bay in the Wildcard round of the playoffs. Making matters worse for the Giants, the Cowboys had \#1 receiver [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens "Terrell Owens") back after he had missed the last two games of the regular season due to an injury, and had \#3 receiver [Terry Glenn](/wiki/Terry_Glenn "Terry Glenn") playing just his second game of the season after undergoing knee surgery. Dallas played ball control offense, a strategy the Giants are usually known for. The Cowboys won the battle for time of possession, having possession for far longer than the Giants. With a quick score, the Giants were able to overcome very long, time\-consuming drives by the Cowboys in the win. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") had another good game, completing 66% of his passes with 12 out of 18 passes for 163 yards and throwing 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. Both of his TD passes were caught by veteran receiver [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer"). The game began with the Giants receiving an opening kickoff. After three [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") runs netted 20 yards, Eli Manning hit Amani Toomer on a crossing route towards the left sideline. Toomer then maneuvered past cornerback [Anthony Henry](/wiki/Anthony_Henry_%28American_football%29 "Anthony Henry (American football)") before outrunning safeties [Ken Hamlin](/wiki/Ken_Hamlin "Ken Hamlin") and [Roy Williams](/wiki/Roy_Williams_%28safety%29 "Roy Williams (safety)") down the sideline for a 52\-yard touchdown just 2:58 into the game. Both teams then exchanged punts with the Cowboys starting a drive at their own 4\-yard line. The Cowboys then went on a ten play, five minute drive that went 96 yards for the game\-tying touchdown. [Marion Barber](/wiki/Marion_Barber_III "Marion Barber III"), making his first start of the season after leading the Cowboys in rushing touchdowns on the season (combined with [Julius Jones](/wiki/Julius_Jones_%28American_football%29 "Julius Jones (American football)")'s declining performance), was the key factor for the drive, rushing for 72 yards on the drive including a 36\-yard run. On the first play of the second quarter, [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") threw a fade to Terrell Owens, who caught the ball and kept both feet in bounds for the touchdown. A [Chris Canty](/wiki/Chris_Canty_%28defensive_lineman%29 "Chris Canty (defensive lineman)") sack of Eli Manning forced a punt on the Giants's next possession, and the Cowboys started their next drive on their own 10\-yard line. The Cowboys went on a 20\-play, 90\-yard drive where they converted 5 third downs. Barber capped off the drive with a 1\-yard touchdown plunge to make it 14–7 Cowboys with 1:01 to go in the first half. With the Cowboys dominating the game at this point outside of the Giants's opening touchdown, the Giants needed at least a field goal in order to keep themselves in the game. Rookie receiver [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 "Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)") got the Giants going with two receptions for 33 yards, then Eli Manning found [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss "Kevin Boss") on a corner route for 19 yards to put the Giants at the 4\-yard line with 17 seconds left in the half. On the next play, Manning found Toomer on a crossing route, and he lunged into the end zone for the touchdown with 11 seconds left in the half. The score was tied at 14 at the half. Though the Giants and Cowboys were tied at 14–14 heading into halftime, the second half was all about defense as both teams totaled 10 points in the second half. However early on, it looked to be more of the same from the Cowboys as they entered the red zone again on a 14 play drive taking up over 8 minutes of the clock. Finally, the Giants got a stop off a Cowboys miscue. On 3rd and 12 from the Giants's 16\-yard line, Tony Romo had an open Terrell Owens crossing over the middle of the field, but he threw behind him, resulting in Dallas settling for [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk "Nick Folk")'s 33\-yard field goal to make it 17–14\. Giants kick returner [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon "Domenik Hixon") returned the ensuing kickoff 45 yards, but in large part due to a sack by [DeMarcus Ware](/wiki/DeMarcus_Ware "DeMarcus Ware"), the Giants failed to get any points and punted. The Cowboys got the ball back when they made probably their worst play of the day. In the lead\-up to the game, receiver [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton "Patrick Crayton") declared that the Cowboys would be going to the Super Bowl. On a third down play, Romo was chased by the Giants pass rush and avoided them before finding a wide\-open Crayton, but he dropped it. The play likely would have gone for a big gain had Crayton caught the pass, but instead, the Cowboys were forced to punt. Veteran corner [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters") returned the ensuing punt 25 yards, and this time, the Giants capitalized on their good field position. Manning went 3–4 to lead the Giants inside the 10\-yard line, and then Giants bruising running back Brandon Jacobs scored the winning touchdown, overpowering a goal line stand by the Cowboys defense. As hated rivals in a hostile stadium, Jacobs continued running with the ball in the end zone and hit the playclock loudly, but avoided the unsportsmanlike conduct penalty that the celebration would earn today. It didn't look like the winning touchdown, as there was still over 13 minutes left in the 4th quarter and Giants only led by 4 points, but the 4th quarter turned into a clock killing scoreless battle of opposing defenses. Bending without breaking, yardage had been allowed without points for either side. While the Giants failed to move the ball on their ensuing possessions, the Cowboys began to struggle offensively. Now trailing when they had been controlling the game for the majority of the contest, the Cowboys began to abandon their running attack. More crucially, however, the Giants pass rush began to assert itself. During the season, the Cowboys had been one of the best teams in the league in controlling the Giants's league\-leading pass rush, but in the fourth quarter, the Giants broke through with [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor "Reggie Torbor") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell "Kawika Mitchell") both contributing sacks, and the team constantly forcing Tony Romo to rush throws. Romo became so rattled he committed an intentional grounding penalty with four minutes left, forcing a punt. As the game reached its closing minutes, the Cowboys had possession with a final chance to win. [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo "Tony Romo") began to lead the Cowboys down the field for a potential game\-winning drive with a minute and a half left in the game. They successfully got to scoring position, although only a touchdown could win it with a 4\-point deficit. On a third down play, Romo was rushed out of the pocket by the Giants pass rush again, but flipped the ball to tight end [Jason Witten](/wiki/Jason_Witten "Jason Witten") for an 18\-yard gain to put the Cowboys at the 22\-yard line. After a false start by Cowboys tackle [Marc Colombo](/wiki/Marc_Colombo "Marc Colombo"), a completion for 4 yards, and an incomplete pass, the Cowboys had 3rd and 11 at the 23\-yard line with 21 seconds left with two chances to score a game\-winning touchdown, when Patrick Crayton made another bad play. On third down, Romo threw incomplete for Crayton. While the pass appeared to be overthrown by Romo, replays showed that on the down, out, and up pattern that Crayton was supposed to run, he stopped on the "out" part of the route, then restarted for the "up" portion of the route, resulting in the overthrown pass. On fourth down, Romo threw over the middle for Terry Glenn, and his pass was intercepted by [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters") with 9 seconds remaining. Manning kneeled on the next play, winning a huge unexpected upset of the heavily favored \#1 seed Cowboys. In large part due to their two touchdown\-scoring drives, Dallas dominated the game statistically, outgaining the Giants 336–230 and controlling the ball for 36:30 compared to the Giants's 23:30\. However, the Cowboys committed 11 penalties compared to just three by the Giants, and while Romo outgained Manning through the air, Manning's QB rating for the game was 132\.4 compared to Romo's 64\.7\. The Giants were headed to Green Bay to play the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") on January 20 for the NFC Championship and a spot in [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII"). However, The Cowboys were considered the team widely expected to represent the NFC in the Super Bowl, and the NFC championship game was expected to be played in Dallas, not Green Bay, as the Packers had earned the \#2 seed. This was because the Packers had lost to the Cowboys during the regular season. With the big win over Dallas, the Giants had suddenly changed all expectations, and improved their overall record to 12–6\. This set a matchup the following week against the also heavily favored Packers, who were 14–3 after a 42–20 victory over the [Seattle Seahawks](/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks "Seattle Seahawks") in the Divisional round, and additionally had soundly defeated the Giants in New York in week 2, 35–13\. {{cite web\\|title\=New York Giants at Dallas Cowboys \- January 13, 2008 \\|website\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200801130dal.htm}}	[ "### NFC Divisional Game: at Dallas Cowboys", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=7\n\\\|R2\\=7\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=7\n\\\|Home\\=Cowboys\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=14\n\\\|H3\\=3\n\\\|H4\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Texas Stadium]], \\[\\[Irving, Texas]]\n\\\|date\\=January 13\n\\\|time\\= 4:30 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\=59 °F (15 °C), Clear Skies\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Peter Morelli]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 63,660\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29523/DAL\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nThe Giants advanced to the NFC Title Game for the first time since 2000 with a 21–17 victory over the top\\-seeded [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\"). The Giants were not expected to win, or even give the Cowboys much difficulty, having lost both regular season games to the Cowboys. The Giants would have to deal with a hostile crowd as the Cowboys with the best record in the NFC had gained home field advantage throughout the playoffs. This meant the Cowboys had 2 weeks of rest to prepare for a team they played twice a year, while the lower seeded Wildcard Giants had to play against Tampa Bay in the Wildcard round of the playoffs. Making matters worse for the Giants, the Cowboys had \\#1 receiver [Terrell Owens](/wiki/Terrell_Owens \"Terrell Owens\") back after he had missed the last two games of the regular season due to an injury, and had \\#3 receiver [Terry Glenn](/wiki/Terry_Glenn \"Terry Glenn\") playing just his second game of the season after undergoing knee surgery. Dallas played ball control offense, a strategy the Giants are usually known for. The Cowboys won the battle for time of possession, having possession for far longer than the Giants. With a quick score, the Giants were able to overcome very long, time\\-consuming drives by the Cowboys in the win. [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") had another good game, completing 66% of his passes with 12 out of 18 passes for 163 yards and throwing 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. Both of his TD passes were caught by veteran receiver [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\").", "The game began with the Giants receiving an opening kickoff. After three [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") runs netted 20 yards, Eli Manning hit Amani Toomer on a crossing route towards the left sideline. Toomer then maneuvered past cornerback [Anthony Henry](/wiki/Anthony_Henry_%28American_football%29 \"Anthony Henry (American football)\") before outrunning safeties [Ken Hamlin](/wiki/Ken_Hamlin \"Ken Hamlin\") and [Roy Williams](/wiki/Roy_Williams_%28safety%29 \"Roy Williams (safety)\") down the sideline for a 52\\-yard touchdown just 2:58 into the game.", "Both teams then exchanged punts with the Cowboys starting a drive at their own 4\\-yard line. The Cowboys then went on a ten play, five minute drive that went 96 yards for the game\\-tying touchdown. [Marion Barber](/wiki/Marion_Barber_III \"Marion Barber III\"), making his first start of the season after leading the Cowboys in rushing touchdowns on the season (combined with [Julius Jones](/wiki/Julius_Jones_%28American_football%29 \"Julius Jones (American football)\")'s declining performance), was the key factor for the drive, rushing for 72 yards on the drive including a 36\\-yard run. On the first play of the second quarter, [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") threw a fade to Terrell Owens, who caught the ball and kept both feet in bounds for the touchdown. A [Chris Canty](/wiki/Chris_Canty_%28defensive_lineman%29 \"Chris Canty (defensive lineman)\") sack of Eli Manning forced a punt on the Giants's next possession, and the Cowboys started their next drive on their own 10\\-yard line. The Cowboys went on a 20\\-play, 90\\-yard drive where they converted 5 third downs. Barber capped off the drive with a 1\\-yard touchdown plunge to make it 14–7 Cowboys with 1:01 to go in the first half.", "With the Cowboys dominating the game at this point outside of the Giants's opening touchdown, the Giants needed at least a field goal in order to keep themselves in the game. Rookie receiver [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 \"Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)\") got the Giants going with two receptions for 33 yards, then Eli Manning found [Kevin Boss](/wiki/Kevin_Boss \"Kevin Boss\") on a corner route for 19 yards to put the Giants at the 4\\-yard line with 17 seconds left in the half. On the next play, Manning found Toomer on a crossing route, and he lunged into the end zone for the touchdown with 11 seconds left in the half. The score was tied at 14 at the half.", "Though the Giants and Cowboys were tied at 14–14 heading into halftime, the second half was all about defense as both teams totaled 10 points in the second half. However early on, it looked to be more of the same from the Cowboys as they entered the red zone again on a 14 play drive taking up over 8 minutes of the clock. Finally, the Giants got a stop off a Cowboys miscue. On 3rd and 12 from the Giants's 16\\-yard line, Tony Romo had an open Terrell Owens crossing over the middle of the field, but he threw behind him, resulting in Dallas settling for [Nick Folk](/wiki/Nick_Folk \"Nick Folk\")'s 33\\-yard field goal to make it 17–14\\. Giants kick returner [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon \"Domenik Hixon\") returned the ensuing kickoff 45 yards, but in large part due to a sack by [DeMarcus Ware](/wiki/DeMarcus_Ware \"DeMarcus Ware\"), the Giants failed to get any points and punted. The Cowboys got the ball back when they made probably their worst play of the day. In the lead\\-up to the game, receiver [Patrick Crayton](/wiki/Patrick_Crayton \"Patrick Crayton\") declared that the Cowboys would be going to the Super Bowl. On a third down play, Romo was chased by the Giants pass rush and avoided them before finding a wide\\-open Crayton, but he dropped it. The play likely would have gone for a big gain had Crayton caught the pass, but instead, the Cowboys were forced to punt.", "Veteran corner [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\") returned the ensuing punt 25 yards, and this time, the Giants capitalized on their good field position. Manning went 3–4 to lead the Giants inside the 10\\-yard line, and then Giants bruising running back Brandon Jacobs scored the winning touchdown, overpowering a goal line stand by the Cowboys defense. As hated rivals in a hostile stadium, Jacobs continued running with the ball in the end zone and hit the playclock loudly, but avoided the unsportsmanlike conduct penalty that the celebration would earn today.", "It didn't look like the winning touchdown, as there was still over 13 minutes left in the 4th quarter and Giants only led by 4 points, but the 4th quarter turned into a clock killing scoreless battle of opposing defenses. Bending without breaking, yardage had been allowed without points for either side. While the Giants failed to move the ball on their ensuing possessions, the Cowboys began to struggle offensively. Now trailing when they had been controlling the game for the majority of the contest, the Cowboys began to abandon their running attack. More crucially, however, the Giants pass rush began to assert itself. During the season, the Cowboys had been one of the best teams in the league in controlling the Giants's league\\-leading pass rush, but in the fourth quarter, the Giants broke through with [Reggie Torbor](/wiki/Reggie_Torbor \"Reggie Torbor\") and [Kawika Mitchell](/wiki/Kawika_Mitchell \"Kawika Mitchell\") both contributing sacks, and the team constantly forcing Tony Romo to rush throws. Romo became so rattled he committed an intentional grounding penalty with four minutes left, forcing a punt.", "As the game reached its closing minutes, the Cowboys had possession with a final chance to win. [Tony Romo](/wiki/Tony_Romo \"Tony Romo\") began to lead the Cowboys down the field for a potential game\\-winning drive with a minute and a half left in the game. They successfully got to scoring position, although only a touchdown could win it with a 4\\-point deficit. On a third down play, Romo was rushed out of the pocket by the Giants pass rush again, but flipped the ball to tight end [Jason Witten](/wiki/Jason_Witten \"Jason Witten\") for an 18\\-yard gain to put the Cowboys at the 22\\-yard line. After a false start by Cowboys tackle [Marc Colombo](/wiki/Marc_Colombo \"Marc Colombo\"), a completion for 4 yards, and an incomplete pass, the Cowboys had 3rd and 11 at the 23\\-yard line with 21 seconds left with two chances to score a game\\-winning touchdown, when Patrick Crayton made another bad play. On third down, Romo threw incomplete for Crayton. While the pass appeared to be overthrown by Romo, replays showed that on the down, out, and up pattern that Crayton was supposed to run, he stopped on the \"out\" part of the route, then restarted for the \"up\" portion of the route, resulting in the overthrown pass. On fourth down, Romo threw over the middle for Terry Glenn, and his pass was intercepted by [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\") with 9 seconds remaining. Manning kneeled on the next play, winning a huge unexpected upset of the heavily favored \\#1 seed Cowboys.", "In large part due to their two touchdown\\-scoring drives, Dallas dominated the game statistically, outgaining the Giants 336–230 and controlling the ball for 36:30 compared to the Giants's 23:30\\. However, the Cowboys committed 11 penalties compared to just three by the Giants, and while Romo outgained Manning through the air, Manning's QB rating for the game was 132\\.4 compared to Romo's 64\\.7\\.", "The Giants were headed to Green Bay to play the [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") on January 20 for the NFC Championship and a spot in [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\"). However, The Cowboys were considered the team widely expected to represent the NFC in the Super Bowl, and the NFC championship game was expected to be played in Dallas, not Green Bay, as the Packers had earned the \\#2 seed. This was because the Packers had lost to the Cowboys during the regular season. With the big win over Dallas, the Giants had suddenly changed all expectations, and improved their overall record to 12–6\\. This set a matchup the following week against the also heavily favored Packers, who were 14–3 after a 42–20 victory over the [Seattle Seahawks](/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks \"Seattle Seahawks\") in the Divisional round, and additionally had soundly defeated the Giants in New York in week 2, 35–13\\.", "{{cite web\\\|title\\=New York Giants at Dallas Cowboys \\- January 13, 2008 \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200801130dal.htm}}", "" ]
### NFC Championship Game: at Green Bay Packers {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3\\|\\|R2\=3\\|\\|R3\=14\\|\\|R4\=0\\|\\|R5\=3 \\|Home\=Packers \\|H1\=0\\|\\|H2\=10\\|\\|H3\=7\\|\\|H4\=3\\|\\|H5\=0 \\|stadium\= \[\[Lambeau Field]], \[\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]] \\|date\=January 20 \\|time\= 6:30 PM \[\[Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]] \\|weather\= −1 °F (−18 °C), Clear \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter) \\|referee\= \[\[Terry McAulay]] \\|attendance\= 72,740 \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29525/GB\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] }} After their big win over the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys "Dallas Cowboys"), the Giants traveled to [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field "Lambeau Field") to face the second\-seeded [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers "Green Bay Packers") on a freezing night. With a gametime temperature of \-1 degree and a \-23 degree windchill, it was the third\-coldest NFL game in terms of windchill, behind the 1967 [Ice Bowl](/wiki/1967_NFL_Championship_Game "1967 NFL Championship Game") between the Cowboys and the Packers and the January 1982 [Freezer Bowl](/wiki/Freezer_Bowl "Freezer Bowl") between the Chargers and the Bengals (which holds the record with a \-59 degree windchill). While the Giants were steadily gaining more respect throughout the league after their upset of the Cowboys, most analysts and pundits predicted the Packers to win and represent the NFC in the Super Bowl. The Packers won the toss and received the opening kickoff, but after two [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") completions, the Packers failed to move the ball further and punted. The Giants offense opened the game with running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") plowing into cornerback [Charles Woodson](/wiki/Charles_Woodson "Charles Woodson") on a five\-yard run. With the help of three receptions by receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), the Giants entered the red zone when they survived a potential turnover. While being held by a lineman on a third\-down play, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") threw the ball straight to lineman [Cullen Jenkins](/wiki/Cullen_Jenkins "Cullen Jenkins"), but he dropped the potential interception, and instead the Giants got on the board first with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") getting a 29\-yard field goal. The Giants kept the ball for most of the 1st quarter, leading 3–0 at the end of the quarter. In the 2nd quarter, the Packers defense shut the Giants' passing game down after two more completions to [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress"), so the Giants settled for another Tynes field goal at 11:41 left in the half. The Giants led 6–0, and appeared to be in good position for their next drive when [Koren Robinson](/wiki/Koren_Robinson "Koren Robinson") muffed the ensuing kickoff and fell on it at the Packers's 10\-yard line. However, on the first play of the Packers' next drive, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") pump\-faked, then threw a 90\-yard TD pass to [Donald Driver](/wiki/Donald_Driver "Donald Driver"), who had beaten blown coverage by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster") before outrunning safety [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson "Gibril Wilson") down the right sideline, and the Packers led 7–6\. The teams then exchanged punts before the Packers received great field position at the Giants's 47\-yard line. The Packers advanced into the red zone and faced a 3rd and 8 from the Giants 19\-yard line. Favre found backup running back [Brandon Jackson](/wiki/Brandon_Jackson_%28American_football%29 "Brandon Jackson (American football)") in the flat with lineman [Jason Spitz](/wiki/Jason_Spitz "Jason Spitz") out in front to block, but somehow, middle linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce "Antonio Pierce") grabbed hold of Jackson to prevent him from advancing before [Dave Tollefson](/wiki/Dave_Tollefson "Dave Tollefson") could help him make the tackle. Green Bay settled for kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby "Mason Crosby") making a 36\-yard field goal to give the Packers a 10–6 lead with 1:34 left in the half. On the Giants's next drive, Manning found Burress deep for a 32\-yard pass on his 7th reception of the day, but an [A. J. Hawk](/wiki/A._J._Hawk "A. J. Hawk") sack on fourth down prevented the Giants from scoring. The Packers led 10–6 at the half. The Giants got the ball first in the 3rd quarter, and had a successful drive that ended with a [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") 1\-yard TD run. The Giants led 13–10\. This drive nearly ended with an interception with [Al Harris](/wiki/Al_Harris_%28cornerback%29 "Al Harris (cornerback)") intercepting another Eli Manning pass intended for Burress, but he committed pass interference to make the interception, so the play was nullified. In the next Packers drive, after a [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison "Sam Madison") penalty, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre") threw a 12\-yard TD pass to tight end [Donald Lee](/wiki/Donald_Lee_%28American_football%29 "Donald Lee (American football)"). The Packers led 17–13\. The Giants responded in their next drive by driving to the four\-yard line after a 23\-yard reception by [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer "Amani Toomer") (which was challenged by Green Bay and upheld). From the Packers's 4\-yard line, Manning then handed off to [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw"), who went off tackle right but got caught in a stalemate at the one\-yard line. In a heads\-up play, right tackle [Kareem McKenzie](/wiki/Kareem_McKenzie "Kareem McKenzie") grabbed Bradshaw and dragged him into the end zone with him, resulting in a touchdown. The Giants led 20–17 with 2:12 left in the 3rd quarter. For the remainder of regulation, the game would be defined by potentially crushing mistakes by the Giants that prevented them from entirely capitalizing on the Packers's failures to penetrate the Giants defense. On the next drive, Brett Favre avoided the Giants pass rush and threw an interception to [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters "R. W. McQuarters"), but McQuarters never went down and was fumbled upon being tackled, with the loose ball bouncing straight to offensive lineman [Mark Tauscher](/wiki/Mark_Tauscher "Mark Tauscher") at the 19\-yard line. The Giants defense held, and with 11:46 left in the game, Packers kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby "Mason Crosby") hit a 37\-yard field goal to tie the game at 20–20\. On the Giants' next drive, after not converting for a 1st down, the Giants were at 4th and 5\. The Giants failed to convert, however a Packers penalty gave the Giants a 1st down. the Giants advanced to the Packers's 28\-yard line when Eli Manning went for the touchdown to Plaxico Burress, when Al Harris finally made a play and broke up the pass. The Giants then went for a field goal, but with 6:49 left in the game, [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") missed a 43\-yard field goal attempt. The Packers's next two drives went three\-and\-out before they punted to the Giants with 2:30 left. Packers punter [Jon Ryan](/wiki/Jon_Ryan "Jon Ryan")'s next punt went only 31 yards to the Packers's 48\-yard line, but R. W. McQuarters fumbled the punt return, with [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon "Domenik Hixon") saving a turnover by recovering the ball at the 48\-yard line. On the next play, Ahmad Bradshaw broke through the Packers's defense for what appeared to be a 48\-yard touchdown run, but the play was nullified due to a holding penalty. Undaunted, Manning found [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 "Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)") for completions of 14 and 11 yards before the Giants killed time for Lawrence Tynes to attempt a game\-winning 36\-yard field goal. On the last play of regulation, however, Giants long snapper [Jay Alford](/wiki/Jay_Alford "Jay Alford") had a low snap, and Tynes shanked the kick wide left on an attempt that was not even close to the uprights. The Giants and Packers went into overtime with the game tied at 20–20\. The Packers won the coin toss and got the ball first. For much of the game, cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster "Corey Webster") had been playing with a massive chip on his shoulder. While the Giants coaches had tried to encourage him and assure him that he would get another opportunity, he remained angry over his poor play resulting in Brett Favre's 90\-yard touchdown to Donald Driver and wanted to make a big play to make up for it. He finally got an opportunity on the second play of overtime. The Packers called an out pattern play for Driver, where Donald Lee would shift to fullback and attempt to deceive the Giants defense into believing that he would be a lead blocker on a running play (they had previously called this play twice before in the game, with the play being successful both times). Favre dropped back, and in a bonehead play that helped to define his legacy as a "gunslinger," threw the ball straight towards Webster, who was in position against Driver. Webster took advantage of his long\-awaited opportunity and intercepted the pass, and went five yards before Driver dragged him down, which gave the Giants the ball in Packer territory. The Giants failed to convert on 3rd down and decided to go for the field goal. Although he had missed his previous two attempts, Tynes, like Webster before him, also wanted another opportunity and sprinted straight onto the field for a 47\-yard attempt with 12:29 left in OT. Before Tynes's attempt, no kicker had made a field goal of over 40 yards with the game time temperature below freezing. Tynes's attempt initially went wide of the right goalpost, but the wind hooked it left and the kick went just over the crossbar for the game\-winning field goal, and the Giants became the 2007 NFC Champions. The Giants beat the Packers, 23–20\. The Giants victory was the first championship win over the Packers since 1938\. The Packers have a 4–2 record over the Giants in NFL/NFC Championship series. The win also marked the Giants' 10th straight road win and their 4th straight NFC Championship victory. For the Giants, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") went 21–40 for 251 yards. Although he didn't throw a touchdown, he avoided an interception for the third straight playoff game. It was generally agreed by critics after the game that he outplayed Favre, making another instance where he outplayed a quarterback considered far superior to him in the lead\-up to the contest. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs "Brandon Jacobs") added 67 yards on 21 carries with a touchdown, while [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw "Ahmad Bradshaw") ran 16 times for 63 yards and a touchdown. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") caught 11 passes for 151 yards. Along with his 200\+ yard receiving performance in 2002 against the Falcons while a member of the Steelers, it is considered by many to be his single greatest game as a receiver. While the Giants defense didn't have a sack in this contest, they held the Packers to just 28 yards rushing. Former Giants running back [Ryan Grant](/wiki/Ryan_Grant_%28running_back%29 "Ryan Grant (running back)"), who had run for 201 yards against the Seahawks the previous week, ran for just 29 yards against his former team. The game was [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre "Brett Favre")'s final game as a Green Bay Packer, with whom he played with for 16 seasons. He appeared to retire for good during the offseason, but instead announced just before the season started that he wanted to play again. Because the Packers spent the offseason after the retirement announcement preparing [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers "Aaron Rodgers") for the starting job, Favre became expendable and was traded to the Jets. During the game, Giants coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") caught frostbite. His increasingly red face due to the freezing conditions and frostbite received considerable attention from TV cameras during the game. The New York Giants were headed to [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") to face the 2007 AFC Champions [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots") who were [undefeated at 18–0](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season "2007 New England Patriots season"). on February 3, 2008\. {{cite web\\|title\=NFC Championship \- New York Giants at Green Bay Packers \- January 20, 2008 \\|website\=\[\[Pro\-Football\-Reference.com]]\\|url\=https://www.pro\-football\-reference.com/boxscores/200801120gnb.htm}}	[ "### NFC Championship Game: at Green Bay Packers", "{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\\\|\\\|R2\\=3\\\|\\\|R3\\=14\\\|\\\|R4\\=0\\\|\\\|R5\\=3\n\\\|Home\\=Packers\n\\\|H1\\=0\\\|\\\|H2\\=10\\\|\\\|H3\\=7\\\|\\\|H4\\=3\\\|\\\|H5\\=0\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[Lambeau Field]], \\[\\[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]\n\\\|date\\=January 20\n\\\|time\\= 6:30 PM \\[\\[Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]\n\\\|weather\\= −1 °F (−18 °C), Clear\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] (sideline reporter) and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporter)\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Terry McAulay]]\n\\\|attendance\\= 72,740\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29525/GB\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n}}\nAfter their big win over the [Dallas Cowboys](/wiki/Dallas_Cowboys \"Dallas Cowboys\"), the Giants traveled to [Lambeau Field](/wiki/Lambeau_Field \"Lambeau Field\") to face the second\\-seeded [Green Bay Packers](/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers \"Green Bay Packers\") on a freezing night. With a gametime temperature of \\-1 degree and a \\-23 degree windchill, it was the third\\-coldest NFL game in terms of windchill, behind the 1967 [Ice Bowl](/wiki/1967_NFL_Championship_Game \"1967 NFL Championship Game\") between the Cowboys and the Packers and the January 1982 [Freezer Bowl](/wiki/Freezer_Bowl \"Freezer Bowl\") between the Chargers and the Bengals (which holds the record with a \\-59 degree windchill). While the Giants were steadily gaining more respect throughout the league after their upset of the Cowboys, most analysts and pundits predicted the Packers to win and represent the NFC in the Super Bowl.", "The Packers won the toss and received the opening kickoff, but after two [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") completions, the Packers failed to move the ball further and punted. The Giants offense opened the game with running back [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") plowing into cornerback [Charles Woodson](/wiki/Charles_Woodson \"Charles Woodson\") on a five\\-yard run. With the help of three receptions by receiver [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), the Giants entered the red zone when they survived a potential turnover. While being held by a lineman on a third\\-down play, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") threw the ball straight to lineman [Cullen Jenkins](/wiki/Cullen_Jenkins \"Cullen Jenkins\"), but he dropped the potential interception, and instead the Giants got on the board first with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") getting a 29\\-yard field goal. The Giants kept the ball for most of the 1st quarter, leading 3–0 at the end of the quarter.", "In the 2nd quarter, the Packers defense shut the Giants' passing game down after two more completions to [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\"), so the Giants settled for another Tynes field goal at 11:41 left in the half. The Giants led 6–0, and appeared to be in good position for their next drive when [Koren Robinson](/wiki/Koren_Robinson \"Koren Robinson\") muffed the ensuing kickoff and fell on it at the Packers's 10\\-yard line. However, on the first play of the Packers' next drive, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") pump\\-faked, then threw a 90\\-yard TD pass to [Donald Driver](/wiki/Donald_Driver \"Donald Driver\"), who had beaten blown coverage by cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\") before outrunning safety [Gibril Wilson](/wiki/Gibril_Wilson \"Gibril Wilson\") down the right sideline, and the Packers led 7–6\\. The teams then exchanged punts before the Packers received great field position at the Giants's 47\\-yard line. The Packers advanced into the red zone and faced a 3rd and 8 from the Giants 19\\-yard line. Favre found backup running back [Brandon Jackson](/wiki/Brandon_Jackson_%28American_football%29 \"Brandon Jackson (American football)\") in the flat with lineman [Jason Spitz](/wiki/Jason_Spitz \"Jason Spitz\") out in front to block, but somehow, middle linebacker [Antonio Pierce](/wiki/Antonio_Pierce \"Antonio Pierce\") grabbed hold of Jackson to prevent him from advancing before [Dave Tollefson](/wiki/Dave_Tollefson \"Dave Tollefson\") could help him make the tackle. Green Bay settled for kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby \"Mason Crosby\") making a 36\\-yard field goal to give the Packers a 10–6 lead with 1:34 left in the half. On the Giants's next drive, Manning found Burress deep for a 32\\-yard pass on his 7th reception of the day, but an [A. J. Hawk](/wiki/A._J._Hawk \"A. J. Hawk\") sack on fourth down prevented the Giants from scoring. The Packers led 10–6 at the half.", "The Giants got the ball first in the 3rd quarter, and had a successful drive that ended with a [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") 1\\-yard TD run. The Giants led 13–10\\. This drive nearly ended with an interception with [Al Harris](/wiki/Al_Harris_%28cornerback%29 \"Al Harris (cornerback)\") intercepting another Eli Manning pass intended for Burress, but he committed pass interference to make the interception, so the play was nullified. In the next Packers drive, after a [Sam Madison](/wiki/Sam_Madison \"Sam Madison\") penalty, [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\") threw a 12\\-yard TD pass to tight end [Donald Lee](/wiki/Donald_Lee_%28American_football%29 \"Donald Lee (American football)\"). The Packers led 17–13\\. The Giants responded in their next drive by driving to the four\\-yard line after a 23\\-yard reception by [Amani Toomer](/wiki/Amani_Toomer \"Amani Toomer\") (which was challenged by Green Bay and upheld). From the Packers's 4\\-yard line, Manning then handed off to [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\"), who went off tackle right but got caught in a stalemate at the one\\-yard line. In a heads\\-up play, right tackle [Kareem McKenzie](/wiki/Kareem_McKenzie \"Kareem McKenzie\") grabbed Bradshaw and dragged him into the end zone with him, resulting in a touchdown. The Giants led 20–17 with 2:12 left in the 3rd quarter.", "For the remainder of regulation, the game would be defined by potentially crushing mistakes by the Giants that prevented them from entirely capitalizing on the Packers's failures to penetrate the Giants defense. On the next drive, Brett Favre avoided the Giants pass rush and threw an interception to [R. W. McQuarters](/wiki/R._W._McQuarters \"R. W. McQuarters\"), but McQuarters never went down and was fumbled upon being tackled, with the loose ball bouncing straight to offensive lineman [Mark Tauscher](/wiki/Mark_Tauscher \"Mark Tauscher\") at the 19\\-yard line. The Giants defense held, and with 11:46 left in the game, Packers kicker [Mason Crosby](/wiki/Mason_Crosby \"Mason Crosby\") hit a 37\\-yard field goal to tie the game at 20–20\\. On the Giants' next drive, after not converting for a 1st down, the Giants were at 4th and 5\\. The Giants failed to convert, however a Packers penalty gave the Giants a 1st down. the Giants advanced to the Packers's 28\\-yard line when Eli Manning went for the touchdown to Plaxico Burress, when Al Harris finally made a play and broke up the pass. The Giants then went for a field goal, but with 6:49 left in the game, [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") missed a 43\\-yard field goal attempt. The Packers's next two drives went three\\-and\\-out before they punted to the Giants with 2:30 left. Packers punter [Jon Ryan](/wiki/Jon_Ryan \"Jon Ryan\")'s next punt went only 31 yards to the Packers's 48\\-yard line, but R. W. McQuarters fumbled the punt return, with [Domenik Hixon](/wiki/Domenik_Hixon \"Domenik Hixon\") saving a turnover by recovering the ball at the 48\\-yard line. On the next play, Ahmad Bradshaw broke through the Packers's defense for what appeared to be a 48\\-yard touchdown run, but the play was nullified due to a holding penalty. Undaunted, Manning found [Steve Smith](/wiki/Steve_Smith_%28wide_receiver%2C_born_1985%29 \"Steve Smith (wide receiver, born 1985)\") for completions of 14 and 11 yards before the Giants killed time for Lawrence Tynes to attempt a game\\-winning 36\\-yard field goal. On the last play of regulation, however, Giants long snapper [Jay Alford](/wiki/Jay_Alford \"Jay Alford\") had a low snap, and Tynes shanked the kick wide left on an attempt that was not even close to the uprights. The Giants and Packers went into overtime with the game tied at 20–20\\. The Packers won the coin toss and got the ball first.", "For much of the game, cornerback [Corey Webster](/wiki/Corey_Webster \"Corey Webster\") had been playing with a massive chip on his shoulder. While the Giants coaches had tried to encourage him and assure him that he would get another opportunity, he remained angry over his poor play resulting in Brett Favre's 90\\-yard touchdown to Donald Driver and wanted to make a big play to make up for it. He finally got an opportunity on the second play of overtime. The Packers called an out pattern play for Driver, where Donald Lee would shift to fullback and attempt to deceive the Giants defense into believing that he would be a lead blocker on a running play (they had previously called this play twice before in the game, with the play being successful both times). Favre dropped back, and in a bonehead play that helped to define his legacy as a \"gunslinger,\" threw the ball straight towards Webster, who was in position against Driver. Webster took advantage of his long\\-awaited opportunity and intercepted the pass, and went five yards before Driver dragged him down, which gave the Giants the ball in Packer territory. The Giants failed to convert on 3rd down and decided to go for the field goal. Although he had missed his previous two attempts, Tynes, like Webster before him, also wanted another opportunity and sprinted straight onto the field for a 47\\-yard attempt with 12:29 left in OT. Before Tynes's attempt, no kicker had made a field goal of over 40 yards with the game time temperature below freezing. Tynes's attempt initially went wide of the right goalpost, but the wind hooked it left and the kick went just over the crossbar for the game\\-winning field goal, and the Giants became the 2007 NFC Champions.", "The Giants beat the Packers, 23–20\\. The Giants victory was the first championship win over the Packers since 1938\\. The Packers have a 4–2 record over the Giants in NFL/NFC Championship series. The win also marked the Giants' 10th straight road win and their 4th straight NFC Championship victory.", "For the Giants, [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") went 21–40 for 251 yards. Although he didn't throw a touchdown, he avoided an interception for the third straight playoff game. It was generally agreed by critics after the game that he outplayed Favre, making another instance where he outplayed a quarterback considered far superior to him in the lead\\-up to the contest. [Brandon Jacobs](/wiki/Brandon_Jacobs \"Brandon Jacobs\") added 67 yards on 21 carries with a touchdown, while [Ahmad Bradshaw](/wiki/Ahmad_Bradshaw \"Ahmad Bradshaw\") ran 16 times for 63 yards and a touchdown. [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") caught 11 passes for 151 yards. Along with his 200\\+ yard receiving performance in 2002 against the Falcons while a member of the Steelers, it is considered by many to be his single greatest game as a receiver.", "While the Giants defense didn't have a sack in this contest, they held the Packers to just 28 yards rushing. Former Giants running back [Ryan Grant](/wiki/Ryan_Grant_%28running_back%29 \"Ryan Grant (running back)\"), who had run for 201 yards against the Seahawks the previous week, ran for just 29 yards against his former team.", "The game was [Brett Favre](/wiki/Brett_Favre \"Brett Favre\")'s final game as a Green Bay Packer, with whom he played with for 16 seasons. He appeared to retire for good during the offseason, but instead announced just before the season started that he wanted to play again. Because the Packers spent the offseason after the retirement announcement preparing [Aaron Rodgers](/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers \"Aaron Rodgers\") for the starting job, Favre became expendable and was traded to the Jets.", "During the game, Giants coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") caught frostbite. His increasingly red face due to the freezing conditions and frostbite received considerable attention from TV cameras during the game.", "The New York Giants were headed to [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") to face the 2007 AFC Champions [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\") who were [undefeated at 18–0](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots_season \"2007 New England Patriots season\"). on February 3, 2008\\.", "{{cite web\\\|title\\=NFC Championship \\- New York Giants at Green Bay Packers \\- January 20, 2008 \\\|website\\=\\[\\[Pro\\-Football\\-Reference.com]]\\\|url\\=https://www.pro\\-football\\-reference.com/boxscores/200801120gnb.htm}}", "" ]
### Super Bowl XLII: vs. New England Patriots {{main article\\|Super Bowl XLII}} {{Americanfootballbox\\| \\|Road\='''Giants''' \\|R1\=3 \\|R2\=0 \\|R3\=0 \\|R4\=14 \\|Home\=Patriots \\|H1\=0 \\|H2\=7 \\|H3\=0 \\|H4\=7 \\|stadium\= \[\[University of Phoenix Stadium]], \[\[Glendale, Arizona]] \\|date\=February 3 \\|time\= 6:31 p.m. \[\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\|EST]]/4:31 p.m. \[\[North American Mountain Time Zone\\|MST]] \\|weather\= Dome \\|TV\=Fox \\|TVAnnouncers\= \[\[Joe Buck]] (play\-by\-play), \[\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \[\[Pam Oliver]] and \[\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporters). \\|referee\= \[\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\|Mike Carey]] \\|reference\=\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29526/NE\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book] \\|attendance\= 71,101 }} Two weeks after their [NFC Championship](/wiki/NFC_Championship "NFC Championship") victory over the Packers, the Giants flew to the [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium "University of Phoenix Stadium") for [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII "Super Bowl XLII") against the undefeated AFC Champions, the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots"), in a rematch of [Week 17](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots-New_York_Giants_game "2007 New England Patriots-New York Giants game"). That game had ended with the Patriots winning a very close game after coming back, and would prove to be a sign of things to come, but with a reverse ending. After calling tails to win the coin toss, the Giants started the game with the longest opening drive in Super Bowl history, a 16\-play, 77\-yard march that consumed 9 minutes, 59 seconds and featured four third\-down conversions, the most ever on a Super Bowl opening drive. But New England halted the drive at their own 14\-yard line, where New York delivered the first punch with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes "Lawrence Tynes") nailing a 32\-yard field goal for the only score of the period. In the second quarter, the Patriots responded with RB [Laurence Maroney](/wiki/Laurence_Maroney "Laurence Maroney") getting a 1\-yard TD run for the only score of the period. After a scoreless third quarter, the Giants regained the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning "Eli Manning") completing a 5\-yard TD pass to WR [David Tyree](/wiki/David_Tyree "David Tyree"). New England retook the lead with QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady") completing a 6\-yard TD pass to WR [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss "Randy Moss"). Afterwards, with only 2 minutes and 40 seconds left, Manning led his Giants from their own 17\-yard line all the way to the Patriots' 13\-yard line, featuring a 4th down conversion (a one\-yard run by Brandon Jacobs on 4th and inches) and even [Eli escaping a sure\-fire sack \& completing a 32\-yard pass to Tyree](/wiki/Helmet_Catch "Helmet Catch"), where he would hook up with WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress "Plaxico Burress") for the game\-winning TD pass. The defense after that didn't even allow a single yard, as Brady was sacked once and threw 3 incomplete passes, turning the ball over on downs. [thumb\\|right\\|200px\\|The Giants visiting the [White House](/wiki/White_House "White House") in honor of their Super Bowl victory on April 30, 2008\.](/wiki/Image:Bush_%26_Cheney_with_NY_Giants_20080430-6_giants1-515h.jpg "Bush & Cheney with NY Giants 20080430-6 giants1-515h.jpg") With the win, the Giants finished their championship season with an overall record of 14–6\. They became the third team (after the 1993 Cowboys and 2001 Patriots) to win the Super Bowl after beginning the season 0–2 and were the first NFC Wild Card to win the Super Bowl. The victory also gave them their 11th\-straight road win (an NFL record). Eli Manning was named the game's MVP after completing 19 of 34 passes for 255 yards, 2 touchdowns, and an interception; a majority of his offense came in the decisive fourth quarter, completing nine of 14 passes for 152 yards and both touchdowns. The defense had a stellar performance, sacking Patriots QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady "Tom Brady") five times. Coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin "Tom Coughlin") became the third oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl (61 years and 156 days). Punter [Jeff Feagles](/wiki/Jeff_Feagles "Jeff Feagles") was the oldest player to play in a Super Bowl, let alone win one. Eli and [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning "Peyton Manning") became the first brother QBs to become back\-to\-back [Super Bowl winners](/wiki/Super_Bowl_winners "Super Bowl winners") and [Super Bowl MVPs](/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP "Super Bowl MVP").	[ "### Super Bowl XLII: vs. New England Patriots", "{{main article\\\|Super Bowl XLII}}\n{{Americanfootballbox\\\|\n\\\|Road\\='''Giants'''\n\\\|R1\\=3\n\\\|R2\\=0\n\\\|R3\\=0\n\\\|R4\\=14\n\\\|Home\\=Patriots\n\\\|H1\\=0\n\\\|H2\\=7\n\\\|H3\\=0\n\\\|H4\\=7\n\\\|stadium\\= \\[\\[University of Phoenix Stadium]], \\[\\[Glendale, Arizona]]\n\\\|date\\=February 3\n\\\|time\\= 6:31 p.m. \\[\\[North American Eastern Time Zone\\\|EST]]/4:31 p.m. \\[\\[North American Mountain Time Zone\\\|MST]]\n\\\|weather\\= Dome\n\\\|TV\\=Fox \\\|TVAnnouncers\\= \\[\\[Joe Buck]] (play\\-by\\-play), \\[\\[Troy Aikman]] (color commentator), \\[\\[Pam Oliver]] and \\[\\[Chris Myers]] (sideline reporters).\n\\\|referee\\= \\[\\[Mike Carey (American football official)\\\|Mike Carey]]\n\\\|reference\\=\\[http://www.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/29526/NE\\_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]\n\\\|attendance\\= 71,101\n}}\nTwo weeks after their [NFC Championship](/wiki/NFC_Championship \"NFC Championship\") victory over the Packers, the Giants flew to the [University of Phoenix Stadium](/wiki/University_of_Phoenix_Stadium \"University of Phoenix Stadium\") for [Super Bowl XLII](/wiki/Super_Bowl_XLII \"Super Bowl XLII\") against the undefeated AFC Champions, the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\"), in a rematch of [Week 17](/wiki/2007_New_England_Patriots-New_York_Giants_game \"2007 New England Patriots-New York Giants game\"). That game had ended with the Patriots winning a very close game after coming back, and would prove to be a sign of things to come, but with a reverse ending.", "After calling tails to win the coin toss, the Giants started the game with the longest opening drive in Super Bowl history, a 16\\-play, 77\\-yard march that consumed 9 minutes, 59 seconds and featured four third\\-down conversions, the most ever on a Super Bowl opening drive. But New England halted the drive at their own 14\\-yard line, where New York delivered the first punch with kicker [Lawrence Tynes](/wiki/Lawrence_Tynes \"Lawrence Tynes\") nailing a 32\\-yard field goal for the only score of the period.", "In the second quarter, the Patriots responded with RB [Laurence Maroney](/wiki/Laurence_Maroney \"Laurence Maroney\") getting a 1\\-yard TD run for the only score of the period. After a scoreless third quarter, the Giants regained the lead with QB [Eli Manning](/wiki/Eli_Manning \"Eli Manning\") completing a 5\\-yard TD pass to WR [David Tyree](/wiki/David_Tyree \"David Tyree\"). New England retook the lead with QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\") completing a 6\\-yard TD pass to WR [Randy Moss](/wiki/Randy_Moss \"Randy Moss\"). Afterwards, with only 2 minutes and 40 seconds left, Manning led his Giants from their own 17\\-yard line all the way to the Patriots' 13\\-yard line, featuring a 4th down conversion (a one\\-yard run by Brandon Jacobs on 4th and inches) and even [Eli escaping a sure\\-fire sack \\& completing a 32\\-yard pass to Tyree](/wiki/Helmet_Catch \"Helmet Catch\"), where he would hook up with WR [Plaxico Burress](/wiki/Plaxico_Burress \"Plaxico Burress\") for the game\\-winning TD pass. The defense after that didn't even allow a single yard, as Brady was sacked once and threw 3 incomplete passes, turning the ball over on downs.\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|200px\\\|The Giants visiting the [White House](/wiki/White_House \"White House\") in honor of their Super Bowl victory on April 30, 2008\\.](/wiki/Image:Bush_%26_Cheney_with_NY_Giants_20080430-6_giants1-515h.jpg \"Bush & Cheney with NY Giants 20080430-6 giants1-515h.jpg\")\nWith the win, the Giants finished their championship season with an overall record of 14–6\\. They became the third team (after the 1993 Cowboys and 2001 Patriots) to win the Super Bowl after beginning the season 0–2 and were the first NFC Wild Card to win the Super Bowl. The victory also gave them their 11th\\-straight road win (an NFL record).", "Eli Manning was named the game's MVP after completing 19 of 34 passes for 255 yards, 2 touchdowns, and an interception; a majority of his offense came in the decisive fourth quarter, completing nine of 14 passes for 152 yards and both touchdowns. The defense had a stellar performance, sacking Patriots QB [Tom Brady](/wiki/Tom_Brady \"Tom Brady\") five times.", "Coach [Tom Coughlin](/wiki/Tom_Coughlin \"Tom Coughlin\") became the third oldest head coach to win the Super Bowl (61 years and 156 days). Punter [Jeff Feagles](/wiki/Jeff_Feagles \"Jeff Feagles\") was the oldest player to play in a Super Bowl, let alone win one.", "Eli and [Peyton Manning](/wiki/Peyton_Manning \"Peyton Manning\") became the first brother QBs to become back\\-to\\-back [Super Bowl winners](/wiki/Super_Bowl_winners \"Super Bowl winners\") and [Super Bowl MVPs](/wiki/Super_Bowl_MVP \"Super Bowl MVP\").", "" ]
Playing career -------------- ### Early career Early on in Mjällby's sporting career he played both football and tennis and had the choice to turn professional in either. He made the decision to prioritise football and was signed by [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll "AIK Fotboll") in 1984 from [IK Bele](/wiki/Bele_Barkarby_FF "Bele Barkarby FF"). ### AIK Mjällby spent the next fourteen years in [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll "AIK Fotboll") and established himself in the side with solid performances as a no\-nonsense tackling midfield player. His performances at club level were noticed and he soon broke through to the [Sweden national team](/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_football_team "Sweden men's national football team"). Although he was a squad member in 1992 when AIK won the league, he refused to accept the gold medal, stating that he felt he had not contributed enough. Therefore, it was a great day when lifelong AIK supporter Mjällby got his silverware in 1998 when he guided the club to a new league victory. ### Celtic FC His solid performances for club and country caught the eye of [Jozef Venglos](/wiki/Jozef_Venglos "Jozef Venglos"), coach at [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. "Celtic F.C."). In November 1998 Mjällby signed for [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. "Celtic F.C.") for a fee of around £1,200,000 and was given 35 as his squad number, which he retained throughout his time at Celtic. Mjällby arrived at the club one year after compatriot and international team mate [Henrik Larsson](/wiki/Henrik_Larsson "Henrik Larsson") and they departed the club the same year in 2004\. He made his debut for the Scottish side in the famous 5–1 victory over archrivals [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. "Rangers F.C.") in the role of central defence. The rest of season 1998–99 saw Mjällby play increasingly in the role of central defence, a role in which he grew to prominence. The 1999–2000 season saw Venglos move into the role of a scout with [John Barnes](/wiki/John_Barnes_%28footballer%29 "John Barnes (footballer)") coming in as head coach and [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish "Kenny Dalglish") as director of football. Mjällby again took up his midfield role in Barnes' ill\-fated 4–2–2–2 formation. He returned to his by now accustomed defensive role under Dalglish following the departure of Barnes in January 2000\. It was under Dalglish that Mjällby won his first honour at Celtic in the [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup "Scottish League Cup") win over [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. "Aberdeen F.C."). Season 2000–01 saw [Martin O'Neill](/wiki/Martin_O%27Neill "Martin O'Neill") replace interim manager [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish "Kenny Dalglish"). Mjällby found himself a mainstay on the left hand side of O'Neill's three\-man defence alongside [Joos Valgaeren](/wiki/Joos_Valgaeren "Joos Valgaeren"), [Tom Boyd](/wiki/Tom_Boyd_%28Scottish_footballer%29 "Tom Boyd (Scottish footballer)") and/or [Bobo Baldé](/wiki/Bobo_Bald%C3%A9 "Bobo Baldé"). He was to pick up a further three medals as Celtic won the Domestic Treble of the [Scottish Premier League](/wiki/Scottish_Premier_League "Scottish Premier League"), [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup "Scottish League Cup"), and [Scottish Cup](/wiki/Scottish_Cup "Scottish Cup"). It was in 2001–02 that Mjällby experienced his first taste of [Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League "UEFA Champions League") football in matches against [FC Porto](/wiki/FC_Porto "FC Porto"), [Juventus](/wiki/Juventus_FC "Juventus FC") and [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK "Rosenborg BK"). Another Scottish Premier League title was added to his growing medal haul. 2002–03 saw Celtic, with Mjällby as prominent figure reach the final of the [UEFA Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Cup "UEFA Cup"). They lost out to FC Porto 3–2 aet. Celtic also went on to lose the Scottish Premier League and League Cup to [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. "Rangers F.C."). Season 2003–04 was Mjällby's last at [Celtic Park](/wiki/Celtic_Park "Celtic Park"). After struggling with injury throughout most of the season, he decided to turn down Celtic's offer of a one\-year deal. Throughout his six years at Celtic Park he picked up 3 Scottish Premier League Winner's medals, 2 League Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Runners Up medals, 1 League Cup Runners Up medal and 1 UEFA Cup Runners Up medal as well as featuring in the Champions League Competition of seasons, 2001–02 and 2002–03\. During his time at Celtic, Mjällby captained the team on several occasions. Mjällby enjoyed a good relationship with the Celtic support in his time at the club and was often referred to as "Dolph" or "Big Dolph" given his perceived resemblance to his countryman, actor [Dolph Lundgren](/wiki/Dolph_Lundgren "Dolph Lundgren").{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Mjallby,\+Johan\\|publisher\=thecelticwiki.com\\|title\=Johan Mjallby\\|access\-date\=1 May 2010}} ### Levante UD Mjällby was signed by newly promoted Spanish [La Liga](/wiki/La_Liga "La Liga") side [Levante](/wiki/Levante_UD "Levante UD"), signing a two\-year contract.{{cite web \\|url\=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/3859541\.stm \\|title\=Mjallby joins Levante \\|date\=2 July 2004 \\|access\-date\=27 December 2020 \\|work\=\[\[BBC Sport]]}} However, he did not enjoy the same level of success as he had in Scotland and was forced to retire, having failed to recover from two operations on his knee.{{cite web \\|last\=Acedo \\|first\=Francisco \\|url\=https://www.skysports.com/amp/football/news/11850/2329057/mjallby\-retirement\-fears\-grow \\|title\=Mjallby retirement fears grow \\|date\=9 March 2005 \\|access\-date\=27 December 2020 \\|work\=\[\[Sky Sports]]}} ### Return to AIK and retirement Following his retirement Mjällby returned home to Sweden. After almost a year out of the game he made comeback and signed once again for his boyhood favourites AIK. However, on 16 May 2006 he was forced to retire from professional football due to his injury.{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,826590,00\.html\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827170109/http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,826590,00\.html\\|url\-status\=dead\\|title\=Johan Mjällby lägger av\\|archive\-date\=27 August 2006}}	[ "Playing career\n--------------", "### Early career", "Early on in Mjällby's sporting career he played both football and tennis and had the choice to turn professional in either. He made the decision to prioritise football and was signed by [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll \"AIK Fotboll\") in 1984 from [IK Bele](/wiki/Bele_Barkarby_FF \"Bele Barkarby FF\").", "### AIK", "Mjällby spent the next fourteen years in [AIK](/wiki/AIK_Fotboll \"AIK Fotboll\") and established himself in the side with solid performances as a no\\-nonsense tackling midfield player. His performances at club level were noticed and he soon broke through to the [Sweden national team](/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_football_team \"Sweden men's national football team\"). Although he was a squad member in 1992 when AIK won the league, he refused to accept the gold medal, stating that he felt he had not contributed enough. Therefore, it was a great day when lifelong AIK supporter Mjällby got his silverware in 1998 when he guided the club to a new league victory.", "### Celtic FC", "His solid performances for club and country caught the eye of [Jozef Venglos](/wiki/Jozef_Venglos \"Jozef Venglos\"), coach at [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. \"Celtic F.C.\"). In November 1998 Mjällby signed for [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. \"Celtic F.C.\") for a fee of around £1,200,000 and was given 35 as his squad number, which he retained throughout his time at Celtic. Mjällby arrived at the club one year after compatriot and international team mate [Henrik Larsson](/wiki/Henrik_Larsson \"Henrik Larsson\") and they departed the club the same year in 2004\\. He made his debut for the Scottish side in the famous 5–1 victory over archrivals [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. \"Rangers F.C.\") in the role of central defence. The rest of season 1998–99 saw Mjällby play increasingly in the role of central defence, a role in which he grew to prominence.", "The 1999–2000 season saw Venglos move into the role of a scout with [John Barnes](/wiki/John_Barnes_%28footballer%29 \"John Barnes (footballer)\") coming in as head coach and [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish \"Kenny Dalglish\") as director of football. Mjällby again took up his midfield role in Barnes' ill\\-fated 4–2–2–2 formation. He returned to his by now accustomed defensive role under Dalglish following the departure of Barnes in January 2000\\. It was under Dalglish that Mjällby won his first honour at Celtic in the [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup \"Scottish League Cup\") win over [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. \"Aberdeen F.C.\").", "Season 2000–01 saw [Martin O'Neill](/wiki/Martin_O%27Neill \"Martin O'Neill\") replace interim manager [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish \"Kenny Dalglish\"). Mjällby found himself a mainstay on the left hand side of O'Neill's three\\-man defence alongside [Joos Valgaeren](/wiki/Joos_Valgaeren \"Joos Valgaeren\"), [Tom Boyd](/wiki/Tom_Boyd_%28Scottish_footballer%29 \"Tom Boyd (Scottish footballer)\") and/or [Bobo Baldé](/wiki/Bobo_Bald%C3%A9 \"Bobo Baldé\"). He was to pick up a further three medals as Celtic won the Domestic Treble of the [Scottish Premier League](/wiki/Scottish_Premier_League \"Scottish Premier League\"), [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup \"Scottish League Cup\"), and [Scottish Cup](/wiki/Scottish_Cup \"Scottish Cup\").", "It was in 2001–02 that Mjällby experienced his first taste of [Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League \"UEFA Champions League\") football in matches against [FC Porto](/wiki/FC_Porto \"FC Porto\"), [Juventus](/wiki/Juventus_FC \"Juventus FC\") and [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK \"Rosenborg BK\"). Another Scottish Premier League title was added to his growing medal haul.", "2002–03 saw Celtic, with Mjällby as prominent figure reach the final of the [UEFA Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Cup \"UEFA Cup\"). They lost out to FC Porto 3–2 aet. Celtic also went on to lose the Scottish Premier League and League Cup to [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. \"Rangers F.C.\").", "Season 2003–04 was Mjällby's last at [Celtic Park](/wiki/Celtic_Park \"Celtic Park\"). After struggling with injury throughout most of the season, he decided to turn down Celtic's offer of a one\\-year deal.", "Throughout his six years at Celtic Park he picked up 3 Scottish Premier League Winner's medals, 2 League Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Runners Up medals, 1 League Cup Runners Up medal and 1 UEFA Cup Runners Up medal as well as featuring in the Champions League Competition of seasons, 2001–02 and 2002–03\\. During his time at Celtic, Mjällby captained the team on several occasions. Mjällby enjoyed a good relationship with the Celtic support in his time at the club and was often referred to as \"Dolph\" or \"Big Dolph\" given his perceived resemblance to his countryman, actor [Dolph Lundgren](/wiki/Dolph_Lundgren \"Dolph Lundgren\").{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Mjallby,\\+Johan\\\|publisher\\=thecelticwiki.com\\\|title\\=Johan Mjallby\\\|access\\-date\\=1 May 2010}}", "### Levante UD", "Mjällby was signed by newly promoted Spanish [La Liga](/wiki/La_Liga \"La Liga\") side [Levante](/wiki/Levante_UD \"Levante UD\"), signing a two\\-year contract.{{cite web \\\|url\\=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/celtic/3859541\\.stm \\\|title\\=Mjallby joins Levante \\\|date\\=2 July 2004 \\\|access\\-date\\=27 December 2020 \\\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC Sport]]}} However, he did not enjoy the same level of success as he had in Scotland and was forced to retire, having failed to recover from two operations on his knee.{{cite web \\\|last\\=Acedo \\\|first\\=Francisco \\\|url\\=https://www.skysports.com/amp/football/news/11850/2329057/mjallby\\-retirement\\-fears\\-grow \\\|title\\=Mjallby retirement fears grow \\\|date\\=9 March 2005 \\\|access\\-date\\=27 December 2020 \\\|work\\=\\[\\[Sky Sports]]}}", "### Return to AIK and retirement", "Following his retirement Mjällby returned home to Sweden. After almost a year out of the game he made comeback and signed once again for his boyhood favourites AIK.", "However, on 16 May 2006 he was forced to retire from professional football due to his injury.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,826590,00\\.html\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827170109/http://www.aftonbladet.se/vss/sport/story/0,2789,826590,00\\.html\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|title\\=Johan Mjällby lägger av\\\|archive\\-date\\=27 August 2006}}", "" ]
### Celtic FC His solid performances for club and country caught the eye of [Jozef Venglos](/wiki/Jozef_Venglos "Jozef Venglos"), coach at [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. "Celtic F.C."). In November 1998 Mjällby signed for [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. "Celtic F.C.") for a fee of around £1,200,000 and was given 35 as his squad number, which he retained throughout his time at Celtic. Mjällby arrived at the club one year after compatriot and international team mate [Henrik Larsson](/wiki/Henrik_Larsson "Henrik Larsson") and they departed the club the same year in 2004\. He made his debut for the Scottish side in the famous 5–1 victory over archrivals [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. "Rangers F.C.") in the role of central defence. The rest of season 1998–99 saw Mjällby play increasingly in the role of central defence, a role in which he grew to prominence. The 1999–2000 season saw Venglos move into the role of a scout with [John Barnes](/wiki/John_Barnes_%28footballer%29 "John Barnes (footballer)") coming in as head coach and [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish "Kenny Dalglish") as director of football. Mjällby again took up his midfield role in Barnes' ill\-fated 4–2–2–2 formation. He returned to his by now accustomed defensive role under Dalglish following the departure of Barnes in January 2000\. It was under Dalglish that Mjällby won his first honour at Celtic in the [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup "Scottish League Cup") win over [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. "Aberdeen F.C."). Season 2000–01 saw [Martin O'Neill](/wiki/Martin_O%27Neill "Martin O'Neill") replace interim manager [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish "Kenny Dalglish"). Mjällby found himself a mainstay on the left hand side of O'Neill's three\-man defence alongside [Joos Valgaeren](/wiki/Joos_Valgaeren "Joos Valgaeren"), [Tom Boyd](/wiki/Tom_Boyd_%28Scottish_footballer%29 "Tom Boyd (Scottish footballer)") and/or [Bobo Baldé](/wiki/Bobo_Bald%C3%A9 "Bobo Baldé"). He was to pick up a further three medals as Celtic won the Domestic Treble of the [Scottish Premier League](/wiki/Scottish_Premier_League "Scottish Premier League"), [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup "Scottish League Cup"), and [Scottish Cup](/wiki/Scottish_Cup "Scottish Cup"). It was in 2001–02 that Mjällby experienced his first taste of [Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League "UEFA Champions League") football in matches against [FC Porto](/wiki/FC_Porto "FC Porto"), [Juventus](/wiki/Juventus_FC "Juventus FC") and [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK "Rosenborg BK"). Another Scottish Premier League title was added to his growing medal haul. 2002–03 saw Celtic, with Mjällby as prominent figure reach the final of the [UEFA Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Cup "UEFA Cup"). They lost out to FC Porto 3–2 aet. Celtic also went on to lose the Scottish Premier League and League Cup to [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. "Rangers F.C."). Season 2003–04 was Mjällby's last at [Celtic Park](/wiki/Celtic_Park "Celtic Park"). After struggling with injury throughout most of the season, he decided to turn down Celtic's offer of a one\-year deal. Throughout his six years at Celtic Park he picked up 3 Scottish Premier League Winner's medals, 2 League Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Runners Up medals, 1 League Cup Runners Up medal and 1 UEFA Cup Runners Up medal as well as featuring in the Champions League Competition of seasons, 2001–02 and 2002–03\. During his time at Celtic, Mjällby captained the team on several occasions. Mjällby enjoyed a good relationship with the Celtic support in his time at the club and was often referred to as "Dolph" or "Big Dolph" given his perceived resemblance to his countryman, actor [Dolph Lundgren](/wiki/Dolph_Lundgren "Dolph Lundgren").{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Mjallby,\+Johan\\|publisher\=thecelticwiki.com\\|title\=Johan Mjallby\\|access\-date\=1 May 2010}}	[ "### Celtic FC", "His solid performances for club and country caught the eye of [Jozef Venglos](/wiki/Jozef_Venglos \"Jozef Venglos\"), coach at [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. \"Celtic F.C.\"). In November 1998 Mjällby signed for [Celtic](/wiki/Celtic_F.C. \"Celtic F.C.\") for a fee of around £1,200,000 and was given 35 as his squad number, which he retained throughout his time at Celtic. Mjällby arrived at the club one year after compatriot and international team mate [Henrik Larsson](/wiki/Henrik_Larsson \"Henrik Larsson\") and they departed the club the same year in 2004\\. He made his debut for the Scottish side in the famous 5–1 victory over archrivals [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. \"Rangers F.C.\") in the role of central defence. The rest of season 1998–99 saw Mjällby play increasingly in the role of central defence, a role in which he grew to prominence.", "The 1999–2000 season saw Venglos move into the role of a scout with [John Barnes](/wiki/John_Barnes_%28footballer%29 \"John Barnes (footballer)\") coming in as head coach and [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish \"Kenny Dalglish\") as director of football. Mjällby again took up his midfield role in Barnes' ill\\-fated 4–2–2–2 formation. He returned to his by now accustomed defensive role under Dalglish following the departure of Barnes in January 2000\\. It was under Dalglish that Mjällby won his first honour at Celtic in the [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup \"Scottish League Cup\") win over [Aberdeen](/wiki/Aberdeen_F.C. \"Aberdeen F.C.\").", "Season 2000–01 saw [Martin O'Neill](/wiki/Martin_O%27Neill \"Martin O'Neill\") replace interim manager [Kenny Dalglish](/wiki/Kenny_Dalglish \"Kenny Dalglish\"). Mjällby found himself a mainstay on the left hand side of O'Neill's three\\-man defence alongside [Joos Valgaeren](/wiki/Joos_Valgaeren \"Joos Valgaeren\"), [Tom Boyd](/wiki/Tom_Boyd_%28Scottish_footballer%29 \"Tom Boyd (Scottish footballer)\") and/or [Bobo Baldé](/wiki/Bobo_Bald%C3%A9 \"Bobo Baldé\"). He was to pick up a further three medals as Celtic won the Domestic Treble of the [Scottish Premier League](/wiki/Scottish_Premier_League \"Scottish Premier League\"), [League Cup](/wiki/Scottish_League_Cup \"Scottish League Cup\"), and [Scottish Cup](/wiki/Scottish_Cup \"Scottish Cup\").", "It was in 2001–02 that Mjällby experienced his first taste of [Champions League](/wiki/UEFA_Champions_League \"UEFA Champions League\") football in matches against [FC Porto](/wiki/FC_Porto \"FC Porto\"), [Juventus](/wiki/Juventus_FC \"Juventus FC\") and [Rosenborg](/wiki/Rosenborg_BK \"Rosenborg BK\"). Another Scottish Premier League title was added to his growing medal haul.", "2002–03 saw Celtic, with Mjällby as prominent figure reach the final of the [UEFA Cup](/wiki/UEFA_Cup \"UEFA Cup\"). They lost out to FC Porto 3–2 aet. Celtic also went on to lose the Scottish Premier League and League Cup to [Rangers](/wiki/Rangers_F.C. \"Rangers F.C.\").", "Season 2003–04 was Mjällby's last at [Celtic Park](/wiki/Celtic_Park \"Celtic Park\"). After struggling with injury throughout most of the season, he decided to turn down Celtic's offer of a one\\-year deal.", "Throughout his six years at Celtic Park he picked up 3 Scottish Premier League Winner's medals, 2 League Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Winner's medals, 2 Scottish Cup Runners Up medals, 1 League Cup Runners Up medal and 1 UEFA Cup Runners Up medal as well as featuring in the Champions League Competition of seasons, 2001–02 and 2002–03\\. During his time at Celtic, Mjällby captained the team on several occasions. Mjällby enjoyed a good relationship with the Celtic support in his time at the club and was often referred to as \"Dolph\" or \"Big Dolph\" given his perceived resemblance to his countryman, actor [Dolph Lundgren](/wiki/Dolph_Lundgren \"Dolph Lundgren\").{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.thecelticwiki.com/page/Mjallby,\\+Johan\\\|publisher\\=thecelticwiki.com\\\|title\\=Johan Mjallby\\\|access\\-date\\=1 May 2010}}", "" ]
Difference between pipes and tubes ---------------------------------- [thumb\\|Typical PVC municipal water main being installed in Ontario, Canada](/wiki/File:Watermain.jpg "Watermain.jpg") [thumb\\|right\\|150px\\|A plastic water pipe being installed. The inner tube is actually transporting the water, while the outer tube only serves as a protective casing.](/wiki/File:FlexibleRainPipe.JPG "FlexibleRainPipe.JPG") The difference between pipes and tubes is a matter of sizing. For instance, [PVC](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride "Polyvinyl chloride") pipe for plumbing applications and galvanized steel pipe are measured in [iron pipe size](/wiki/Iron_pipe_size "Iron pipe size") (IPS). Copper tube, [CPVC](/wiki/CPVC "CPVC"), [PeX](/wiki/PEX "PEX") and other tubing is measured nominally, basically an average diameter. These sizing schemes allow for universal adaptation of transitional fittings. For instance, 1/2" PeX tubing is the same size as 1/2" copper tubing. 1/2" PVC on the other hand is not the same size as 1/2" tubing, and therefore requires either a threaded male or female adapter to connect them. When used in agricultural irrigation, the singular form "pipe" is often used as a plural.{{cite web\\|title\=Difference between Pipes and Tubes\\|url\=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pipes\-tubes\-d\_347\.html\\|access\-date\=January 22, 2014}} Pipe is available in rigid joints, which come in various lengths depending on the material. Tubing, in particular copper, comes in rigid hard tempered joints or soft tempered (annealed) rolls. PeX and CPVC tubing also comes in rigid joints or flexible rolls. The temper of the copper, whether it is a rigid joint or flexible roll, does not affect the sizing. The thicknesses of the water pipe and tube walls can vary. Because piping and tubing are commodities, having a greater wall thickness implies higher initial cost. Thicker walled pipe generally implies greater durability and higher pressure tolerances. Pipe wall thickness is denoted by various schedules or for large bore polyethylene pipe in the UK by the [Standard Dimension Ratio](/wiki/Standard_Dimension_Ratio "Standard Dimension Ratio") (SDR), defined as the ratio of the pipe diameter to its wall thickness. Pipe wall thickness increases with schedule, and is available in schedules 20, 40, 80, and higher in special cases. The schedule is largely determined by the operating pressure of the system, with higher pressures commanding greater thickness. Copper tubing is available in four wall thicknesses: type DWV (thinnest wall; only allowed as drain pipe per UPC), type 'M' (thin; typically only allowed as drain pipe by IPC code), type 'L' (thicker, standard duty for water lines and water service), and type 'K' (thickest, typically used underground between the main and the meter). Wall thickness does not affect pipe or tubing size.{{cite web\\|title\=Wall thickness does not affect pipe o\\|url\=http://www.jmeagle.com/pdfs/Technical%20Bulletins/TB10SunlightEffectsonPVC.pdf\\|access\-date\=January 22, 2014\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903072809/http://www.jmeagle.com/pdfs/Technical%20Bulletins/TB10SunlightEffectsonPVC.pdf\\|archive\-date\=September 3, 2013}} 1/2" L copper has the same outer diameter as 1/2" K or M copper. The same applies to pipe schedules. As a result, a slight increase in pressure losses is realized due to a decrease in flowpath as wall thickness is increased. In other words, 1 foot of 1/2" L copper has slightly less volume than 1 foot of 1/2 M copper.{{cite web\\|title\=CTS \- Copper Tube Sizes \- Dimensions used in Plumbing\\|url\=https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/cts\-copper\-tubing\-sizes\-d\_2112\.html \\|website\=The Engineering Toolbox \\|access\-date\=January 5, 2023}} ### Materials Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water, using pipes or channels usually made of [clay](/wiki/Clay "Clay"), [lead](/wiki/Lead "Lead"), bamboo, wood, or stone. Hollowed wooden logs wrapped in steel banding were used for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains. Logs were used for water distribution in England close to 500 years ago. US cities began using hollowed logs in the late 1700s through the 1800s. Today, most plumbing supply pipe is made out of steel, copper, and plastic; most waste (also known as "soil")[https://www.cscplates.com/blog/what\-is\-cast\-iron\-soil\-pipe/](https://www.cscplates.com/blog/what-is-cast-iron-soil-pipe/) What is cast iron soil pipe out of steel, copper, plastic, and cast iron. The straight sections of plumbing systems are called "pipes" or "tubes". A pipe is typically formed via [casting](/wiki/Casting "Casting") or [welding](/wiki/Welding "Welding"), whereas a tube is made through [extrusion](/wiki/Extrusion "Extrusion"). Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, while tubing is thinner\-walled and requires special joining techniques such as [brazing](/wiki/Brazing "Brazing"), [compression fitting](/wiki/Compression_fitting "Compression fitting"), [crimping](/wiki/Crimp_%28joining%29 "Crimp (joining)"), or for plastics, [solvent welding](/wiki/Solvent_welding "Solvent welding"). These joining techniques are discussed in more detail in the [piping and plumbing fittings](/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fittings "Piping and plumbing fittings") article. #### Steel {{Main\\|Galvanized pipe}} [Galvanized steel](/wiki/Galvanized_steel "Galvanized steel") potable water supply and distribution [pipes](/wiki/Pipe_%28material%29 "Pipe (material)") are commonly found with [nominal pipe sizes](/wiki/Nominal_pipe_size "Nominal pipe size") from {{convert\\|3/8\\|in\\|mm}} to {{convert\\|2\\|in\\|mm}}. It is rarely used today for new construction residential plumbing. Steel pipe has [National Pipe Thread](/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread "National Pipe Thread") (NPT) standard tapered male threads, which connect with female tapered threads on elbows, tees, couplers, [valves](/wiki/Valve "Valve"), and other fittings. Galvanized steel (often known simply as "galv" or "iron" in the plumbing trade) is relatively expensive, and difficult to work with due to weight and requirement of a [pipe threader](/wiki/Pipe_threader "Pipe threader"). It remains in common use for repair of existing "galv" systems and to satisfy [building code](/wiki/Building_code "Building code") non\-combustibility requirements typically found in hotels, apartment buildings and other commercial applications. It is also extremely durable and resistant to mechanical abuse. Black lacquered steel pipe is the most widely used pipe material for [fire sprinklers](/wiki/Fire_sprinkler "Fire sprinkler") and natural gas. Most typical single family home systems will not require supply piping larger than {{convert\\|3/4\\|in\\|mm}} due to expense as well as steel piping's tendency to become obstructed from internal rusting and mineral deposits forming on the inside of the pipe over time once the internal galvanizing zinc coating has degraded. In potable water distribution service, galvanized steel pipe has a service life of about 30 to 50 years, although it is not uncommon for it to be less in geographic areas with corrosive water contaminants. #### Copper {{Main\\|Copper tubing}} Copper pipe and tubing was widely used for domestic water systems in the latter half of the twentieth century. Demand for copper products has fallen due to the dramatic increase in the price of copper, resulting in increased demand for alternative products including [PEX](/wiki/PEX "PEX") and [stainless steel](/wiki/Stainless_steel "Stainless steel"). #### Plastic {{Main\\|Plastic pipework}} [thumb\\|150px\\|right\\|Plastic hot and cold supply piping for a sink](/wiki/File:SinkPlumbing.jpg "SinkPlumbing.jpg") Plastic pipe is in wide use for domestic water supply and [drain\-waste\-vent](/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system "Drain-waste-vent system") (DWV) pipe. Principal types include: [Polyvinyl chloride](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride "Polyvinyl chloride") (PVC) was produced experimentally in the 19th century but did not become practical to manufacture until 1926, when [Waldo Semon](/wiki/Waldo_Semon "Waldo Semon") of BF Goodrich Co. developed a method to plasticize PVC, making it easier to process. PVC pipe began to be manufactured in the 1940s and was in wide use for Drain\-Waste\-Vent piping during the reconstruction of Germany and Japan following WWII. In the 1950s, plastics manufacturers in Western Europe and Japan began producing [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene](/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene "Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene") (ABS) pipe. The method for producing [cross\-linked polyethylene](/wiki/Cross-linked_polyethylene "Cross-linked polyethylene") (PEX) was also developed in the 1950s. Plastic supply pipes have become increasingly common, with a variety of materials and fittings employed. * [PVC](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride "Polyvinyl chloride")/[CPVC](/wiki/Chlorinated_polyvinyl_chloride "Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride") – rigid plastic pipes similar to PVC drain pipes but with thicker walls to deal with municipal water pressure, introduced around 1970\. PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride, and it has become a common replacement for metal piping. PVC should be used only for cold water, or for venting. CPVC can be used for hot and cold potable water supply. Connections are made with primers and solvent cements as required by code.{{cite web\\|title\=What's the difference between PVC and CPVC pipe?\\|url\=http://www.commercial\-industrial\-supply.com/resource\-center/whats\-the\-difference\-between\-pvc\-and\-cpvc\-pipe/\\|date\=August 15, 2017}} * [PP](/wiki/Polypropylene "Polypropylene") – The material is used primarily in housewares, [food packaging](/wiki/Food_packaging "Food packaging"), and clinical equipment,{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/polypropylene\-properties\-and\-uses.html\\|title\=Polypropylene Properties and Uses\\|author\=Bidisha Mukherjee\\|work\=Buzzle\\|access\-date\=February 7, 2015\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208001734/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/polypropylene\-properties\-and\-uses.html\\|archive\-date\=February 8, 2015\\|url\-status\=usurped}} but since the early 1970s has seen increasing use worldwide for both domestic hot and cold water. PP pipes are [heat fused](/wiki/Heat_fusion "Heat fusion"), being unsuitable for the use of glues, solvents, or mechanical fittings. PP pipe is often used in [green building](/wiki/Green_building "Green building") projects.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.pmengineer.com/Articles/Green/2010/06/01/Walking\-The\-Talk\\|title\=Walking The Talk\\|work\=pmengineer.com}} * [PBT](/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalate "Polybutylene terephthalate") – flexible (usually gray or black) plastic pipe which is attached to barbed fittings and secured in place with a copper crimp ring. The primary manufacturer of PBT tubing and fittings was driven into bankruptcy by a class\-action lawsuit over failures of this system.{{citation needed\\|date\=October 2013}} However, PB and PBT tubing has since returned to the market and codes, typically first for "exposed locations" such as risers. * [PEX](/wiki/PEX "PEX") – cross\-linked polyethylene system with mechanically joined fittings employing barbs, and crimped steel or copper rings. * Polytanks – plastic polyethylene cisterns, underground water tanks, above ground water tanks, are usually made of linear polyethylene suitable as a potable water storage tank, provided in white, black or green. * Aqua – known as PEX\-Al\-PEX, for its PEX/aluminum sandwich, consisting of aluminum pipe sandwiched between layers of PEX, and connected with modified brass compression fittings. In 2005, many of these fittings were recalled.{{Elucidate\\|date\=March 2012}} Present\-day water\-supply systems use a network of high\-pressure pumps, and pipes in buildings are now made of copper,Copper Tube Handbook, the Copper Development Association, New York, USA, 2006 brass, plastic (particularly [cross\-linked polyethylene](/wiki/Cross-linked_polyethylene "Cross-linked polyethylene") called PEX, which is estimated to be used in 60% of single\-family homes[California’s PEX Battle Continues](http://www.builderonline.com/legislation/californias-pex-battle-continues.aspx). Builderonline.com), or other nontoxic material. Due to its [toxicity](/wiki/Lead_poisoning "Lead poisoning"), most cities moved away from lead water\-supply piping by the 1920s in the United States, although lead pipes were approved by national plumbing codes into the 1980s,{{Cite journal\\|last\=Rabin\\|first\=Richard\\|date\=March 6, 2017\\|title\=The Lead Industry and Lead Water Pipes "A MODEST CAMPAIGN"\\|journal\=American Journal of Public Health\\|volume\=98\\|issue\=9\\|pages\=1584–1592\\|doi\=10\.2105/AJPH.2007\.113555\\|issn\=0090\-0036\\|pmc\=2509614\\|pmid\=18633098}} and lead was used in plumbing solder for drinking water until it was banned in 1986\.{{Cite journal \\| last1 \= Macek \\| first1 \= MD \\| last2 \= Matte \\| first2 \= TD \\| last3 \= Sinks \\| first3 \= T \\| last4 \= Malvitz \\| first4 \= DM \\| title \= Blood lead concentrations in children and method of water fluoridation in the United States, 1988–1994 \\| journal \= Environmental Health Perspectives\\| volume \= 114 \\| issue \= 1 \\| pages \= 130–4 \\|date\=Jan 2006 \\| doi \= 10\.1289/ehp.8319 \\|pmc\=1332668 \\|pmid\=16393670}} Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast iron, or lead.Uniform Plumbing Code, IAPMOInternational Plumbing Code, ICC ### Gallery Image:Mytischi vodoprovod.jpg\\|Monument to water pipe in \[\[Mytishchi]] (Russia) Image:PressurizedIndoorWaterpipeForUseWithHomeWaterwell.jpg\\|A specific water pipe made for use with pressure vessels. The pipe can sustain high\-pressure water and is relatively small. Image:Concrete water pipe.jpg\\|Concrete water pipe File:Tapping water line in Bentonville, AR.jpg\\|Connecting to an existing water line (white pipe) with a stainless steel tapping sleeve and valve (red). A concrete thrust block is being formed behind the new connection. File:\-31 waterpipe.jpg\\|Water pipe connected to the \[\[septic tank]]. File:Photography by Victor Albert Grigas (1919\-2017\) 1 of 2 SEDGWICK 1967 and DBLS W.SPRINGS SEDGWICK 00484 SEWER Willow Springs (49275175872\).jpg\\|Sewer pipe	[ "Difference between pipes and tubes\n----------------------------------", "[thumb\\\|Typical PVC municipal water main being installed in Ontario, Canada](/wiki/File:Watermain.jpg \"Watermain.jpg\")\n[thumb\\\|right\\\|150px\\\|A plastic water pipe being installed. The inner tube is actually transporting the water, while the outer tube only serves as a protective casing.](/wiki/File:FlexibleRainPipe.JPG \"FlexibleRainPipe.JPG\")", "The difference between pipes and tubes is a matter of sizing. For instance, [PVC](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride \"Polyvinyl chloride\") pipe for plumbing applications and galvanized steel pipe are measured in [iron pipe size](/wiki/Iron_pipe_size \"Iron pipe size\") (IPS). Copper tube, [CPVC](/wiki/CPVC \"CPVC\"), [PeX](/wiki/PEX \"PEX\") and other tubing is measured nominally, basically an average diameter. These sizing schemes allow for universal adaptation of transitional fittings. For instance, 1/2\" PeX tubing is the same size as 1/2\" copper tubing. 1/2\" PVC on the other hand is not the same size as 1/2\" tubing, and therefore requires either a threaded male or female adapter to connect them. When used in agricultural irrigation, the singular form \"pipe\" is often used as a plural.{{cite web\\\|title\\=Difference between Pipes and Tubes\\\|url\\=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pipes\\-tubes\\-d\\_347\\.html\\\|access\\-date\\=January 22, 2014}}", "Pipe is available in rigid joints, which come in various lengths depending on the material. Tubing, in particular copper, comes in rigid hard tempered joints or soft tempered (annealed) rolls. PeX and CPVC tubing also comes in rigid joints or flexible rolls. The temper of the copper, whether it is a rigid joint or flexible roll, does not affect the sizing.", "The thicknesses of the water pipe and tube walls can vary. Because piping and tubing are commodities, having a greater wall thickness implies higher initial cost. Thicker walled pipe generally implies greater durability and higher pressure tolerances. Pipe wall thickness is denoted by various schedules or for large bore polyethylene pipe in the UK by the [Standard Dimension Ratio](/wiki/Standard_Dimension_Ratio \"Standard Dimension Ratio\") (SDR), defined as the ratio of the pipe diameter to its wall thickness. Pipe wall thickness increases with schedule, and is available in schedules 20, 40, 80, and higher in special cases. The schedule is largely determined by the operating pressure of the system, with higher pressures commanding greater thickness. Copper tubing is available in four wall thicknesses: type DWV (thinnest wall; only allowed as drain pipe per UPC), type 'M' (thin; typically only allowed as drain pipe by IPC code), type 'L' (thicker, standard duty for water lines and water service), and type 'K' (thickest, typically used underground between the main and the meter).", "Wall thickness does not affect pipe or tubing size.{{cite web\\\|title\\=Wall thickness does not affect pipe o\\\|url\\=http://www.jmeagle.com/pdfs/Technical%20Bulletins/TB10SunlightEffectsonPVC.pdf\\\|access\\-date\\=January 22, 2014\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903072809/http://www.jmeagle.com/pdfs/Technical%20Bulletins/TB10SunlightEffectsonPVC.pdf\\\|archive\\-date\\=September 3, 2013}} 1/2\" L copper has the same outer diameter as 1/2\" K or M copper. The same applies to pipe schedules. As a result, a slight increase in pressure losses is realized due to a decrease in flowpath as wall thickness is increased. In other words, 1 foot of 1/2\" L copper has slightly less volume than 1 foot of 1/2 M copper.{{cite web\\\|title\\=CTS \\- Copper Tube Sizes \\- Dimensions used in Plumbing\\\|url\\=https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/cts\\-copper\\-tubing\\-sizes\\-d\\_2112\\.html \\\|website\\=The Engineering Toolbox \\\|access\\-date\\=January 5, 2023}}", "### Materials", "Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water, using pipes or channels usually made of [clay](/wiki/Clay \"Clay\"), [lead](/wiki/Lead \"Lead\"), bamboo, wood, or stone. Hollowed wooden logs wrapped in steel banding were used for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains. Logs were used for water distribution in England close to 500 years ago. US cities began using hollowed logs in the late 1700s through the 1800s. Today, most plumbing supply pipe is made out of steel, copper, and plastic; most waste (also known as \"soil\")[https://www.cscplates.com/blog/what\\-is\\-cast\\-iron\\-soil\\-pipe/](https://www.cscplates.com/blog/what-is-cast-iron-soil-pipe/) What is cast iron soil pipe out of steel, copper, plastic, and cast iron.", "The straight sections of plumbing systems are called \"pipes\" or \"tubes\". A pipe is typically formed via [casting](/wiki/Casting \"Casting\") or [welding](/wiki/Welding \"Welding\"), whereas a tube is made through [extrusion](/wiki/Extrusion \"Extrusion\"). Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, while tubing is thinner\\-walled and requires special joining techniques such as [brazing](/wiki/Brazing \"Brazing\"), [compression fitting](/wiki/Compression_fitting \"Compression fitting\"), [crimping](/wiki/Crimp_%28joining%29 \"Crimp (joining)\"), or for plastics, [solvent welding](/wiki/Solvent_welding \"Solvent welding\"). These joining techniques are discussed in more detail in the [piping and plumbing fittings](/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fittings \"Piping and plumbing fittings\") article.", "#### Steel", "{{Main\\\|Galvanized pipe}}\n[Galvanized steel](/wiki/Galvanized_steel \"Galvanized steel\") potable water supply and distribution [pipes](/wiki/Pipe_%28material%29 \"Pipe (material)\") are commonly found with [nominal pipe sizes](/wiki/Nominal_pipe_size \"Nominal pipe size\") from {{convert\\\|3/8\\\|in\\\|mm}} to {{convert\\\|2\\\|in\\\|mm}}. It is rarely used today for new construction residential plumbing. Steel pipe has [National Pipe Thread](/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread \"National Pipe Thread\") (NPT) standard tapered male threads, which connect with female tapered threads on elbows, tees, couplers, [valves](/wiki/Valve \"Valve\"), and other fittings. Galvanized steel (often known simply as \"galv\" or \"iron\" in the plumbing trade) is relatively expensive, and difficult to work with due to weight and requirement of a [pipe threader](/wiki/Pipe_threader \"Pipe threader\"). It remains in common use for repair of existing \"galv\" systems and to satisfy [building code](/wiki/Building_code \"Building code\") non\\-combustibility requirements typically found in hotels, apartment buildings and other commercial applications. It is also extremely durable and resistant to mechanical abuse. Black lacquered steel pipe is the most widely used pipe material for [fire sprinklers](/wiki/Fire_sprinkler \"Fire sprinkler\") and natural gas.", "Most typical single family home systems will not require supply piping larger than {{convert\\\|3/4\\\|in\\\|mm}} due to expense as well as steel piping's tendency to become obstructed from internal rusting and mineral deposits forming on the inside of the pipe over time once the internal galvanizing zinc coating has degraded. In potable water distribution service, galvanized steel pipe has a service life of about 30 to 50 years, although it is not uncommon for it to be less in geographic areas with corrosive water contaminants.", "#### Copper", "{{Main\\\|Copper tubing}}", "Copper pipe and tubing was widely used for domestic water systems in the latter half of the twentieth century. Demand for copper products has fallen due to the dramatic increase in the price of copper, resulting in increased demand for alternative products including [PEX](/wiki/PEX \"PEX\") and [stainless steel](/wiki/Stainless_steel \"Stainless steel\").", "#### Plastic", "{{Main\\\|Plastic pipework}}\n[thumb\\\|150px\\\|right\\\|Plastic hot and cold supply piping for a sink](/wiki/File:SinkPlumbing.jpg \"SinkPlumbing.jpg\")\nPlastic pipe is in wide use for domestic water supply and [drain\\-waste\\-vent](/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system \"Drain-waste-vent system\") (DWV) pipe. Principal types include:\n[Polyvinyl chloride](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride \"Polyvinyl chloride\") (PVC) was produced experimentally in the 19th century but did not become practical to manufacture until 1926, when [Waldo Semon](/wiki/Waldo_Semon \"Waldo Semon\") of BF Goodrich Co. developed a method to plasticize PVC, making it easier to process. PVC pipe began to be manufactured in the 1940s and was in wide use for Drain\\-Waste\\-Vent piping during the reconstruction of Germany and Japan following WWII. In the 1950s, plastics manufacturers in Western Europe and Japan began producing [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene](/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene \"Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene\") (ABS) pipe. The method for producing [cross\\-linked polyethylene](/wiki/Cross-linked_polyethylene \"Cross-linked polyethylene\") (PEX) was also developed in the 1950s. Plastic supply pipes have become increasingly common, with a variety of materials and fittings employed.\n* [PVC](/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride \"Polyvinyl chloride\")/[CPVC](/wiki/Chlorinated_polyvinyl_chloride \"Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride\") – rigid plastic pipes similar to PVC drain pipes but with thicker walls to deal with municipal water pressure, introduced around 1970\\. PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride, and it has become a common replacement for metal piping. PVC should be used only for cold water, or for venting. CPVC can be used for hot and cold potable water supply. Connections are made with primers and solvent cements as required by code.{{cite web\\\|title\\=What's the difference between PVC and CPVC pipe?\\\|url\\=http://www.commercial\\-industrial\\-supply.com/resource\\-center/whats\\-the\\-difference\\-between\\-pvc\\-and\\-cpvc\\-pipe/\\\|date\\=August 15, 2017}}\n* [PP](/wiki/Polypropylene \"Polypropylene\") – The material is used primarily in housewares, [food packaging](/wiki/Food_packaging \"Food packaging\"), and clinical equipment,{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/polypropylene\\-properties\\-and\\-uses.html\\\|title\\=Polypropylene Properties and Uses\\\|author\\=Bidisha Mukherjee\\\|work\\=Buzzle\\\|access\\-date\\=February 7, 2015\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208001734/http://www.buzzle.com/articles/polypropylene\\-properties\\-and\\-uses.html\\\|archive\\-date\\=February 8, 2015\\\|url\\-status\\=usurped}} but since the early 1970s has seen increasing use worldwide for both domestic hot and cold water. PP pipes are [heat fused](/wiki/Heat_fusion \"Heat fusion\"), being unsuitable for the use of glues, solvents, or mechanical fittings. PP pipe is often used in [green building](/wiki/Green_building \"Green building\") projects.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.pmengineer.com/Articles/Green/2010/06/01/Walking\\-The\\-Talk\\\|title\\=Walking The Talk\\\|work\\=pmengineer.com}}\n* [PBT](/wiki/Polybutylene_terephthalate \"Polybutylene terephthalate\") – flexible (usually gray or black) plastic pipe which is attached to barbed fittings and secured in place with a copper crimp ring. The primary manufacturer of PBT tubing and fittings was driven into bankruptcy by a class\\-action lawsuit over failures of this system.{{citation needed\\\|date\\=October 2013}} However, PB and PBT tubing has since returned to the market and codes, typically first for \"exposed locations\" such as risers.\n* [PEX](/wiki/PEX \"PEX\") – cross\\-linked polyethylene system with mechanically joined fittings employing barbs, and crimped steel or copper rings.\n* Polytanks – plastic polyethylene cisterns, underground water tanks, above ground water tanks, are usually made of linear polyethylene suitable as a potable water storage tank, provided in white, black or green.\n* Aqua – known as PEX\\-Al\\-PEX, for its PEX/aluminum sandwich, consisting of aluminum pipe sandwiched between layers of PEX, and connected with modified brass compression fittings. In 2005, many of these fittings were recalled.{{Elucidate\\\|date\\=March 2012}}", "Present\\-day water\\-supply systems use a network of high\\-pressure pumps, and pipes in buildings are now made of copper,Copper Tube Handbook, the Copper Development Association, New York, USA, 2006 brass, plastic (particularly [cross\\-linked polyethylene](/wiki/Cross-linked_polyethylene \"Cross-linked polyethylene\") called PEX, which is estimated to be used in 60% of single\\-family homes[California’s PEX Battle Continues](http://www.builderonline.com/legislation/californias-pex-battle-continues.aspx). Builderonline.com), or other nontoxic material. Due to its [toxicity](/wiki/Lead_poisoning \"Lead poisoning\"), most cities moved away from lead water\\-supply piping by the 1920s in the United States, although lead pipes were approved by national plumbing codes into the 1980s,{{Cite journal\\\|last\\=Rabin\\\|first\\=Richard\\\|date\\=March 6, 2017\\\|title\\=The Lead Industry and Lead Water Pipes \"A MODEST CAMPAIGN\"\\\|journal\\=American Journal of Public Health\\\|volume\\=98\\\|issue\\=9\\\|pages\\=1584–1592\\\|doi\\=10\\.2105/AJPH.2007\\.113555\\\|issn\\=0090\\-0036\\\|pmc\\=2509614\\\|pmid\\=18633098}} and lead was used in plumbing solder for drinking water until it was banned in 1986\\.{{Cite journal \\\| last1 \\= Macek \\\| first1 \\= MD \\\| last2 \\= Matte \\\| first2 \\= TD \\\| last3 \\= Sinks \\\| first3 \\= T \\\| last4 \\= Malvitz \\\| first4 \\= DM \\\| title \\= Blood lead concentrations in children and method of water fluoridation in the United States, 1988–1994 \\\| journal \\= Environmental Health Perspectives\\\| volume \\= 114 \\\| issue \\= 1 \\\| pages \\= 130–4 \\\|date\\=Jan 2006 \\\| doi \\= 10\\.1289/ehp.8319 \\\|pmc\\=1332668 \\\|pmid\\=16393670}} Drain and vent lines are made of plastic, steel, cast iron, or lead.Uniform Plumbing Code, IAPMOInternational Plumbing Code, ICC", "### Gallery", "", "Image:Mytischi vodoprovod.jpg\\\|Monument to water pipe in \\[\\[Mytishchi]] (Russia)\nImage:PressurizedIndoorWaterpipeForUseWithHomeWaterwell.jpg\\\|A specific water pipe made for use with pressure vessels. The pipe can sustain high\\-pressure water and is relatively small.\nImage:Concrete water pipe.jpg\\\|Concrete water pipe\nFile:Tapping water line in Bentonville, AR.jpg\\\|Connecting to an existing water line (white pipe) with a stainless steel tapping sleeve and valve (red). A concrete thrust block is being formed behind the new connection.\nFile:\\-31 waterpipe.jpg\\\|Water pipe connected to the \\[\\[septic tank]].\nFile:Photography by Victor Albert Grigas (1919\\-2017\\) 1 of 2 SEDGWICK 1967 and DBLS W.SPRINGS SEDGWICK 00484 SEWER Willow Springs (49275175872\\).jpg\\\|Sewer pipe", "", "" ]
Life ---- He was the second son of Pál Istvánfi ("son of István"), who functioned as [Ispán](/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n "Ispán") (Count; comes) of [Baranya County](/wiki/Baranya_County_%28former%29 "Baranya County (former)") and was also a member of the Royal Council. His mother was his father's second wife, Hedvig Gyulay. One of his brothers, István (d. 1585\) held the office of [Vice\-ispán](/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n "Ispán") (Viscount; vicecomes) of [Veszprém County](/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m_County_%28former%29 "Veszprém County (former)").{{cite web \\|last\=Marek \\|first\=Miroslav \\|url\=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hung/istvanf.html \\|title\= Istvánffy de Baranyavár et Kisasszonyfalva family \\|publisher\= Genealogy.EU}} The family had to leave Baranya County, when the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire "Ottoman Empire") invaded and occupied [Pécs](/wiki/P%C3%A9cs "Pécs") in 1543 (the Christian armies were able to [recapture the town only in 1686](/wiki/Siege_of_P%C3%A9cs "Siege of Pécs")). Istvánffy served [archbishop](/wiki/Archbishop_of_Esztergom "Archbishop of Esztergom") [Pál Várdai](/wiki/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1rdai "Pál Várdai") as his page in [Nagyszombat](/wiki/Trnava "Trnava") (today: Trnava, Slovakia). After the death of Várdai (1549\), he became a protegee of [Nicolaus Olahus](/wiki/Nicolaus_Olahus "Nicolaus Olahus"). He studied at the [universities of Bologna](/wiki/University_of_Bologna "University of Bologna") and [Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua "University of Padua") after 1551; at the latter place he learned [Latin philology](/wiki/Latin_language "Latin language") from the great Humanist scholar [János Zsámboky](/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Zs%C3%A1mboky "János Zsámboky"). [thumb\\|left\\|Miklós Istvánffy (Vasárnapi Újság, 1857\)](/wiki/File:Istv%C3%A1nffy_Mikl%C3%B3s.jpg "Istvánffy Miklós.jpg") Istvánffy returned home in 1556 and presumably became a soldier of [Nikola Šubić Zrinski](/wiki/Nikola_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_Zrinski "Nikola Šubić Zrinski") ({{lang\-hu\\|Zrínyi Miklós}}), the hero of [Szigetvár](/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r "Siege of Szigetvár"). Between 1558 and 1559 he functioned as the secretary of Olahus, who served as Chancellor of Hungary from 1543\. Istvánffy became an official of the Chancellery after 1559\. Olahus was appointed Royal Governor of Hungary in 1562\. He died in 1568\. He tried to acquire new estates and lands to the place of his former possession, but failed. In 1576, he was a royal envoy to Pasha of the [Budin Eyalet](/wiki/Budin_Eyalet "Budin Eyalet") to returning to occupied castles in peacetime, unsuccessfully. He had been a Royal Councillor since 1578\. After the death of [Imre Czobor](/wiki/Imre_Czobor "Imre Czobor"), he was appointed Palatinal Governor (or Vice\-palatine) by [King](/wiki/King_of_Hungary "King of Hungary") [Rudolf](/wiki/Rudolf_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor "Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor") on 24 June 1581, however the [Diet of Hungary](/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary "Diet of Hungary") approved the appointment only in January 1582\. Istvánffy was responsible for the judicial affairs. He was appointed Castellan of [Sopron Castle](/wiki/Sopron "Sopron") in 1585\. He served as envoy, along with Péter Heresiniczy, the [bishop of Győr](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gy%C5%91r "Roman Catholic Diocese of Győr") and Chancellor of Hungary, to the [Kingdom of Poland](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_and_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania "Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania") to releasing [Archduke Maximilian](/wiki/Maximilian_III%2C_Archduke_of_Austria "Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria"), between December 1588 and March 1589\. During the [Fifteen Years War](/wiki/Long_War_%28Ottoman_wars%29 "Long War (Ottoman wars)"), he was unlawfully authorized to recover the [war tax](/wiki/War_tax "War tax") in [Slavonia](/wiki/Slavonia "Slavonia"). He participated in the Battle of Pákozd on 3 November 1593, and the Siege of Petrinja in the summer of 1595\. He was one of Rudolf's three delegates who took over the control of [Transylvania](/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_%281570%E2%80%931711%29 "Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)") from [Prince](/wiki/Prince_of_Transylvania "Prince of Transylvania") [Sigismund Báthory](/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory "Sigismund Báthory") in 1598\. He was also present at the [Siege of Nagykanizsa](/wiki/Siege_of_Nagykanizsa "Siege of Nagykanizsa") (1600\), when the town fell to [Tiryaki Hasan Pasha](/wiki/Tiryaki_Hasan_Pasha "Tiryaki Hasan Pasha") and became the capital of the newly established [Kanije Eyalet](/wiki/Kanije_Eyalet "Kanije Eyalet"). One year later, the Christian armies [tried to recapture](/wiki/Siege_of_Nagykanizsa "Siege of Nagykanizsa") the town but suffered a heavy and decisive defeat. Istvánffy served as [Master of the doorkeepers](/wiki/Master_of_the_doorkeepers "Master of the doorkeepers") ({{lang\-hu\\|főajtónállómester}}, {{lang\-la\\|magister janitorum}}) from 1599 until his death. In 1603, he drafted the judgment under which the Lutheran [István Illésházy](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Ill%C3%A9sh%C3%A1zy "István Illésházy") was illegally sentenced to death and confiscation of property. As a result, he attracted the hatred of the Protestant aristocrats. In 1605, he was one of the members of the Habsburg delegation which was responsible for the termination of cooperation between [Ahmed I](/wiki/Ahmed_I "Ahmed I") and [Stephen Bocskay](/wiki/Stephen_Bocskay "Stephen Bocskay"). He was one of the signatories of the [Peace of Zsitvatorok](/wiki/Peace_of_Zsitvatorok "Peace of Zsitvatorok") (1606\) which ended the Fifteen Years or Long War. In 1608, István Pálffy and Miklós Istvánffy traveled to [Hainburg](/wiki/Hainburg_an_der_Donau "Hainburg an der Donau") to invite [Archduke Matthias](/wiki/Matthias%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor "Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor") before the Diet of Hungary. During that he suffered a stroke and his right arm was paralyzed. He was one of the four candidates for the position of Palatine in the same year, but defeated by his former opponent István Illésházy. He suffered a stroke again and retired from the public life. He died in 1615 and was buried in [Vinica](/wiki/Vinica%2C_Vara%C5%BEdin_County "Vinica, Varaždin County").	[ "Life\n----", "He was the second son of Pál Istvánfi (\"son of István\"), who functioned as [Ispán](/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n \"Ispán\") (Count; comes) of [Baranya County](/wiki/Baranya_County_%28former%29 \"Baranya County (former)\") and was also a member of the Royal Council. His mother was his father's second wife, Hedvig Gyulay. One of his brothers, István (d. 1585\\) held the office of [Vice\\-ispán](/wiki/Isp%C3%A1n \"Ispán\") (Viscount; vicecomes) of [Veszprém County](/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m_County_%28former%29 \"Veszprém County (former)\").{{cite web \\\|last\\=Marek \\\|first\\=Miroslav \\\|url\\=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hung/istvanf.html \\\|title\\= Istvánffy de Baranyavár et Kisasszonyfalva family \\\|publisher\\= Genealogy.EU}} The family had to leave Baranya County, when the [Ottomans](/wiki/Ottoman_Empire \"Ottoman Empire\") invaded and occupied [Pécs](/wiki/P%C3%A9cs \"Pécs\") in 1543 (the Christian armies were able to [recapture the town only in 1686](/wiki/Siege_of_P%C3%A9cs \"Siege of Pécs\")). Istvánffy served [archbishop](/wiki/Archbishop_of_Esztergom \"Archbishop of Esztergom\") [Pál Várdai](/wiki/P%C3%A1l_V%C3%A1rdai \"Pál Várdai\") as his page in [Nagyszombat](/wiki/Trnava \"Trnava\") (today: Trnava, Slovakia). After the death of Várdai (1549\\), he became a protegee of [Nicolaus Olahus](/wiki/Nicolaus_Olahus \"Nicolaus Olahus\"). He studied at the [universities of Bologna](/wiki/University_of_Bologna \"University of Bologna\") and [Padua](/wiki/University_of_Padua \"University of Padua\") after 1551; at the latter place he learned [Latin philology](/wiki/Latin_language \"Latin language\") from the great Humanist scholar [János Zsámboky](/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Zs%C3%A1mboky \"János Zsámboky\").\n[thumb\\\|left\\\|Miklós Istvánffy (Vasárnapi Újság, 1857\\)](/wiki/File:Istv%C3%A1nffy_Mikl%C3%B3s.jpg \"Istvánffy Miklós.jpg\")\nIstvánffy returned home in 1556 and presumably became a soldier of [Nikola Šubić Zrinski](/wiki/Nikola_%C5%A0ubi%C4%87_Zrinski \"Nikola Šubić Zrinski\") ({{lang\\-hu\\\|Zrínyi Miklós}}), the hero of [Szigetvár](/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r \"Siege of Szigetvár\"). Between 1558 and 1559 he functioned as the secretary of Olahus, who served as Chancellor of Hungary from 1543\\. Istvánffy became an official of the Chancellery after 1559\\. Olahus was appointed Royal Governor of Hungary in 1562\\. He died in 1568\\.", "He tried to acquire new estates and lands to the place of his former possession, but failed. In 1576, he was a royal envoy to Pasha of the [Budin Eyalet](/wiki/Budin_Eyalet \"Budin Eyalet\") to returning to occupied castles in peacetime, unsuccessfully. He had been a Royal Councillor since 1578\\. After the death of [Imre Czobor](/wiki/Imre_Czobor \"Imre Czobor\"), he was appointed Palatinal Governor (or Vice\\-palatine) by [King](/wiki/King_of_Hungary \"King of Hungary\") [Rudolf](/wiki/Rudolf_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor\") on 24 June 1581, however the [Diet of Hungary](/wiki/Diet_of_Hungary \"Diet of Hungary\") approved the appointment only in January 1582\\. Istvánffy was responsible for the judicial affairs. He was appointed Castellan of [Sopron Castle](/wiki/Sopron \"Sopron\") in 1585\\. He served as envoy, along with Péter Heresiniczy, the [bishop of Győr](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Gy%C5%91r \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Győr\") and Chancellor of Hungary, to the [Kingdom of Poland](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_and_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania \"Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania\") to releasing [Archduke Maximilian](/wiki/Maximilian_III%2C_Archduke_of_Austria \"Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria\"), between December 1588 and March 1589\\.", "During the [Fifteen Years War](/wiki/Long_War_%28Ottoman_wars%29 \"Long War (Ottoman wars)\"), he was unlawfully authorized to recover the [war tax](/wiki/War_tax \"War tax\") in [Slavonia](/wiki/Slavonia \"Slavonia\"). He participated in the Battle of Pákozd on 3 November 1593, and the Siege of Petrinja in the summer of 1595\\. He was one of Rudolf's three delegates who took over the control of [Transylvania](/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_%281570%E2%80%931711%29 \"Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)\") from [Prince](/wiki/Prince_of_Transylvania \"Prince of Transylvania\") [Sigismund Báthory](/wiki/Sigismund_B%C3%A1thory \"Sigismund Báthory\") in 1598\\. He was also present at the [Siege of Nagykanizsa](/wiki/Siege_of_Nagykanizsa \"Siege of Nagykanizsa\") (1600\\), when the town fell to [Tiryaki Hasan Pasha](/wiki/Tiryaki_Hasan_Pasha \"Tiryaki Hasan Pasha\") and became the capital of the newly established [Kanije Eyalet](/wiki/Kanije_Eyalet \"Kanije Eyalet\"). One year later, the Christian armies [tried to recapture](/wiki/Siege_of_Nagykanizsa \"Siege of Nagykanizsa\") the town but suffered a heavy and decisive defeat.", "Istvánffy served as [Master of the doorkeepers](/wiki/Master_of_the_doorkeepers \"Master of the doorkeepers\") ({{lang\\-hu\\\|főajtónállómester}}, {{lang\\-la\\\|magister janitorum}}) from 1599 until his death. In 1603, he drafted the judgment under which the Lutheran [István Illésházy](/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Ill%C3%A9sh%C3%A1zy \"István Illésházy\") was illegally sentenced to death and confiscation of property. As a result, he attracted the hatred of the Protestant aristocrats. In 1605, he was one of the members of the Habsburg delegation which was responsible for the termination of cooperation between [Ahmed I](/wiki/Ahmed_I \"Ahmed I\") and [Stephen Bocskay](/wiki/Stephen_Bocskay \"Stephen Bocskay\"). He was one of the signatories of the [Peace of Zsitvatorok](/wiki/Peace_of_Zsitvatorok \"Peace of Zsitvatorok\") (1606\\) which ended the Fifteen Years or Long War. In 1608, István Pálffy and Miklós Istvánffy traveled to [Hainburg](/wiki/Hainburg_an_der_Donau \"Hainburg an der Donau\") to invite [Archduke Matthias](/wiki/Matthias%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor \"Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor\") before the Diet of Hungary. During that he suffered a stroke and his right arm was paralyzed.", "He was one of the four candidates for the position of Palatine in the same year, but defeated by his former opponent István Illésházy. He suffered a stroke again and retired from the public life. He died in 1615 and was buried in [Vinica](/wiki/Vinica%2C_Vara%C5%BEdin_County \"Vinica, Varaždin County\").", "" ]
History ------- ### 17th century #### Condition of the Kirk Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation "Reformation"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church "Scottish Episcopal Church") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\|last\=Kennedy \\|first\=Allan Douglas \\|date\=2014 \\|title\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\|journal\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\|publisher\=Cambridge University Press \\|volume\=65}} Visiting the Highlands in the early\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and "rather infidels then of any sect". A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") was a lack of "ecclesiastical provision", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse "Manse") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland "Kirkhill, Highland") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland "Daviot, Highland"). The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe "Tithe"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends. Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the "manse, glebe and church" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\|last\=Fraser \\|first\=William \\|title\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\-Shire \\|pages\=218–224}} A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents "without any testificat". In 1674 he had undergone a "mock marriage" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being "sober ministers". By the late\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting "a stubborn challenge to the established Church", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered. ### 18th century #### Geography and demographics In 1794 the parish of Kiltarlity was one of the larger Highland parishes, comprising 180 square miles. Despite this, only "a 30th part" of its land was arable, due to the landscape being largely mountainous.{{Cite book \\|last\=Fraser \\|first\=John \\|title\=The Statistical Account of Scotland Vol. XIII \\|publisher\=William Creech \\|year\=1794 \\|location\=Edinburgh}}{{Page needed\\|date\=March 2022}} Like other large and mountainous parishes in the Scottish Highlands, Kiltarlity in the 18th century would have had a scattered population and few navigable roads. This would mean poor church attendance and thus very low literacy rates, as the Kirk was the primary educator in the Highlands at the time.{{Cite journal \\|last\=Robb \\|first\=George \\|date\=1990 \\|title\=Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries \\|journal\=The Journal of Religious History \\|volume\=16 \\|pages\=25}} Over ⅓ of the parish's adult male population in 1794 were [cottars](/wiki/Cotter_%28farmer%29 "Cotter (farmer)"), a further ¼ "small tenants", and at least 60 [crofters](/wiki/Croft_%28land%29 "Croft (land)") on the nigh inhospitable, upland moors. This signifies the land disposession that would grow into the [Highland Clearances](/wiki/Highland_Clearances "Highland Clearances") had already begun around Kiltarlity prior to 1794\. Most of Kiltarlity's native population was still Scottish Gaelic\-speaking in the late\-18th century, with many [monoglots](/wiki/Monolingualism "Monolingualism") in the parish's remoter areas. Only those nearest to the village kirk in the parish's low\-lying east could "transact ordinary business in English"—though bilingual parishioners retained “a strong predilection for their mother tongue". #### Socioeconomic change In the late\-18th century, emigration of Kiltarlity's population throughout the [British Empire](/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") accelerated. Many men went south to the rapidly industrialising [Central Belt](/wiki/Central_Belt "Central Belt") of Scotland, or further still to England. Others went as far as the [West Indies](/wiki/West_Indies "West Indies"), perhaps linked to one of the village's landholders, Major Fraser of [Belladrum](/wiki/Belladrum%2C_Scotland "Belladrum, Scotland"), who held several plantations there.{{Cite web \\|last\=Alston \\|first\=David \\|date\=2021 \\|title\=Fraser of Belladrum \\|url\=https://www.spanglefish.com/slavesandhighlanders/index.asp?pageid\=164845\#:\~:text\=Fraser%20of%20Belladrum\&text\=James%20Fraser%20was%20a%20soldier,serving%20in%20Ireland%20until%201797 \\|website\=Slaves \& Highlanders}} Industrialisation itself appeared in Kiltarlity during this time in the form a new sawmill constructed on the [River Beauly](/wiki/River_Beauly "River Beauly"), which formed the parish's northern border. Hydro\-powered, using a "strong artificial dam", the mill transformed Scots' pines felled 30 miles upriver into timber bound for "Leith or London". New species and technology were also introduced to the parish in the late\-18th century, including [larch](/wiki/Larch "Larch") for timber purposes and the modern cast\-iron [plough](/wiki/Plough "Plough"). At the same time, several native species, including the [Scottish wildcat](/wiki/Scottish_wildcat "Scottish wildcat") and [capercaillie](/wiki/Western_capercaillie "Western capercaillie"), had been made extinct in the area by 1794 at latest. By British Governmental statute a new road was being built along the parish's north end, using local [indentured labour](/wiki/Indentured_servitude "Indentured servitude"). According to the local Church of Scotland minister, alcoholism was rife in the parish in the form of [whisky](/wiki/Scotch_whisky "Scotch whisky"), with dozens of homemade and household stills. ### 19th century #### New aristocracy By the mid\-19th century, Kiltarlity's landowning class consisted largely of absentee landlords. The owners of [Castle Dounie](/wiki/Castle_Dounie "Castle Dounie") (seat of Clan Fraser prior to the [1745 rising](/wiki/1745_rising "1745 rising")) and the Belladrum Estate lived in Lowland Aberdeenshire, and were only present in the village "some months in the year". These new owners constructed the present\-day [Beaufort Castle](/wiki/Beaufort_Castle%2C_Scotland "Beaufort Castle, Scotland") in 1880 in the [Scottish baronial style](/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture "Scottish baronial architecture"). At the same time, several new structures appeared in the parish. The [Sobieski Stuarts](/wiki/Sobieski_Stuarts "Sobieski Stuarts") built a new mansion house on the island of [Eilean Aigas](/wiki/Eilean_Aigas "Eilean Aigas") in the Beauly River that still stands today. The new [Lord Lovat](/wiki/Thomas_Fraser%2C_12th_Lord_Lovat "Thomas Fraser, 12th Lord Lovat") also commissioned a Catholic chapel to be built in [Strathglass](/wiki/Strathglass "Strathglass"), to the parish's northwest, marking an important shift back towards public tolerance of Catholicism, now that [Jacobitism](/wiki/Jacobitism "Jacobitism") was no longer a political threat. #### Socioeconomic change Usage of Gaelic declined rapidly over the course of the 19th century, as six new schools (including the first girls school) in the parish spread English literacy, and the Highlands' economy grew more interlinked with the British Empire. Living costs for local tenants rose dramatically in the early\-19th century, from a maximum of L. 1 per acre in 1794 to an average of L. 1, 10s. per acre in 1841\. At the same time, leases had become too short for tenants to "incur the expense of planting" i.e. improve poor land. Furthermore, Kiltarlity's population increased from 2,495 in 1794 to 2,881 in 1841, likely due to advancements in medicine and changing norms around marriage.{{Cite book \\|last\=Sprott \\|first\=Gavin \\|title\=Farming and the Land \\|publisher\=J. Donald \\|year\=2011 \\|location\=Edinburgh \\|pages\=17, 35}} With more tenants competing for less available and lower\-quality land, greater English literacy rates, and the onset of the [Highland Potato Famine](/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine "Highland Potato Famine") from 1846 to 1856, yet more parishioners would have emigrated during the late\-19th century. This is without even considering land clearances in the area, for which there is evidence in a Gaelic poem titled Theid Sinn a dh'America, written c. 1801 by an unknown bard from Strathglass: > “A plague on the landlords, with their greed for money; they prefer flocks of sheep to their own armed hosts.” (Translated from Gaidhlig){{Cite book \\|last\=MacDonnell \\|first\=Margaret \\|title\=The Emigrant Experience: Songs of Highland Emigrants in North America \\|publisher\=University of Toronto Press \\|year\=1982 \\|location\=Toronto \\|page\=63}} ### 20th century #### Ecology Kiltarlity's population of [feral goats](/wiki/Feral_goat "Feral goat"), roaming since the Clearances, had disappeared by 1963\. [Myxomatosis](/wiki/Myxomatosis "Myxomatosis") plague in the early\-20th century led to the temporary extinction of [wild rabbits](/wiki/Rabbit "Rabbit") in the area. Native species like grouse, deer, and trout continued to flourish. #### Economic change By the mid\-20th century, the crofting way of life in Kiltarlity had died out. Largescale industrial farming replaced it, including [Lord Lovat's](/wiki/Simon_Fraser%2C_15th_Lord_Lovat "Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat") extensive cattle ranches. Mechanisation of agriculture put many young men out of work, whilst centralisation around Inverness led to the closure of the village blacksmith, shoemaker, tailor, and public house. Most Kiltarlity residents now earned their living outside the village, either in Beauly or Inverness. From the 1910s to 1930s, deer\-stalking and salmon\-fishing in the parish became a popular tourist attraction for wealthy English and American visitors. This created high profits for Kiltarlity's main landowners. Due to high taxation from the 1940s onwards and poor maintenance of game stock, however, the industry declined rapidly. #### New lifestyles The popularisation of automobiles in Kiltarlity in the 20th century came at the benefit of service\-providers in nearby Beauly and Inverness, but to the detriment of local merchants and shopkeepers. With many new roads for cars and buses, Kiltarlity shifted from a self\-sustaining, semi\-isolated community to a [commuter town](/wiki/Commuter_town "Commuter town") for Inverness. This has led to several new housing estates over the decades, continuing today as land around the central village is developed. With the establishment of the [North of Scotland Hydro\-Electric Board](/wiki/North_of_Scotland_Hydro-Electric_Board "North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board") and construction of hydroelectric dams on the River Beauly in the 1940s and 50s, most homes in Kiltarlity quickly gained electricity. Some houses retained wood and coal fires for heating, while [peat\-cutting](/wiki/Peat_cutting "Peat cutting") disappeared almost entirely. By the 1960s, Gaelic had almost completely disappeared from the parish, only present among the oldest generations. Local church services in Gaelic ended in 1940\. Nonetheless, "the old Highland custom of warm hospitality persist\[ed]"—including [cèilidhs](/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh "Cèilidh") and open doors. After its peak in 1861 of 2,965, Kiltarlity's population consistently decreased, the decline accelerating in the early\-20th century due to emigration. Many young men in the village did not come back from WW1 and WW2\. By 1961, the population was only 1,184\.	[ "History\n-------", "### 17th century", "#### Condition of the Kirk", "Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation \"Reformation\"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Scottish Episcopal Church\") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\\|last\\=Kennedy \\\|first\\=Allan Douglas \\\|date\\=2014 \\\|title\\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\\|journal\\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\\|publisher\\=Cambridge University Press \\\|volume\\=65}}", "Visiting the Highlands in the early\\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and \"rather infidels then of any sect\".", "A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") was a lack of \"ecclesiastical provision\", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse \"Manse\") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland \"Kirkhill, Highland\") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland \"Daviot, Highland\").", "The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe \"Tithe\"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends.", "Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the \"manse, glebe and church\" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Fraser \\\|first\\=William \\\|title\\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\\-Shire \\\|pages\\=218–224}}", "A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents \"without any testificat\". In 1674 he had undergone a \"mock marriage\" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being \"sober ministers\".", "By the late\\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting \"a stubborn challenge to the established Church\", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered.", "### 18th century", "#### Geography and demographics", "In 1794 the parish of Kiltarlity was one of the larger Highland parishes, comprising 180 square miles. Despite this, only \"a 30th part\" of its land was arable, due to the landscape being largely mountainous.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Fraser \\\|first\\=John \\\|title\\=The Statistical Account of Scotland Vol. XIII \\\|publisher\\=William Creech \\\|year\\=1794 \\\|location\\=Edinburgh}}{{Page needed\\\|date\\=March 2022}}", "Like other large and mountainous parishes in the Scottish Highlands, Kiltarlity in the 18th century would have had a scattered population and few navigable roads. This would mean poor church attendance and thus very low literacy rates, as the Kirk was the primary educator in the Highlands at the time.{{Cite journal \\\|last\\=Robb \\\|first\\=George \\\|date\\=1990 \\\|title\\=Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries \\\|journal\\=The Journal of Religious History \\\|volume\\=16 \\\|pages\\=25}}", "Over ⅓ of the parish's adult male population in 1794 were [cottars](/wiki/Cotter_%28farmer%29 \"Cotter (farmer)\"), a further ¼ \"small tenants\", and at least 60 [crofters](/wiki/Croft_%28land%29 \"Croft (land)\") on the nigh inhospitable, upland moors. This signifies the land disposession that would grow into the [Highland Clearances](/wiki/Highland_Clearances \"Highland Clearances\") had already begun around Kiltarlity prior to 1794\\.", "Most of Kiltarlity's native population was still Scottish Gaelic\\-speaking in the late\\-18th century, with many [monoglots](/wiki/Monolingualism \"Monolingualism\") in the parish's remoter areas. Only those nearest to the village kirk in the parish's low\\-lying east could \"transact ordinary business in English\"—though bilingual parishioners retained “a strong predilection for their mother tongue\".", "#### Socioeconomic change", "In the late\\-18th century, emigration of Kiltarlity's population throughout the [British Empire](/wiki/British_Empire \"British Empire\") accelerated. Many men went south to the rapidly industrialising [Central Belt](/wiki/Central_Belt \"Central Belt\") of Scotland, or further still to England. Others went as far as the [West Indies](/wiki/West_Indies \"West Indies\"), perhaps linked to one of the village's landholders, Major Fraser of [Belladrum](/wiki/Belladrum%2C_Scotland \"Belladrum, Scotland\"), who held several plantations there.{{Cite web \\\|last\\=Alston \\\|first\\=David \\\|date\\=2021 \\\|title\\=Fraser of Belladrum \\\|url\\=https://www.spanglefish.com/slavesandhighlanders/index.asp?pageid\\=164845\\#:\\~:text\\=Fraser%20of%20Belladrum\\&text\\=James%20Fraser%20was%20a%20soldier,serving%20in%20Ireland%20until%201797 \\\|website\\=Slaves \\& Highlanders}}", "Industrialisation itself appeared in Kiltarlity during this time in the form a new sawmill constructed on the [River Beauly](/wiki/River_Beauly \"River Beauly\"), which formed the parish's northern border. Hydro\\-powered, using a \"strong artificial dam\", the mill transformed Scots' pines felled 30 miles upriver into timber bound for \"Leith or London\".", "New species and technology were also introduced to the parish in the late\\-18th century, including [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") for timber purposes and the modern cast\\-iron [plough](/wiki/Plough \"Plough\"). At the same time, several native species, including the [Scottish wildcat](/wiki/Scottish_wildcat \"Scottish wildcat\") and [capercaillie](/wiki/Western_capercaillie \"Western capercaillie\"), had been made extinct in the area by 1794 at latest.", "By British Governmental statute a new road was being built along the parish's north end, using local [indentured labour](/wiki/Indentured_servitude \"Indentured servitude\"). According to the local Church of Scotland minister, alcoholism was rife in the parish in the form of [whisky](/wiki/Scotch_whisky \"Scotch whisky\"), with dozens of homemade and household stills.", "### 19th century", "#### New aristocracy", "By the mid\\-19th century, Kiltarlity's landowning class consisted largely of absentee landlords. The owners of [Castle Dounie](/wiki/Castle_Dounie \"Castle Dounie\") (seat of Clan Fraser prior to the [1745 rising](/wiki/1745_rising \"1745 rising\")) and the Belladrum Estate lived in Lowland Aberdeenshire, and were only present in the village \"some months in the year\".", "These new owners constructed the present\\-day [Beaufort Castle](/wiki/Beaufort_Castle%2C_Scotland \"Beaufort Castle, Scotland\") in 1880 in the [Scottish baronial style](/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture \"Scottish baronial architecture\").", "At the same time, several new structures appeared in the parish. The [Sobieski Stuarts](/wiki/Sobieski_Stuarts \"Sobieski Stuarts\") built a new mansion house on the island of [Eilean Aigas](/wiki/Eilean_Aigas \"Eilean Aigas\") in the Beauly River that still stands today. The new [Lord Lovat](/wiki/Thomas_Fraser%2C_12th_Lord_Lovat \"Thomas Fraser, 12th Lord Lovat\") also commissioned a Catholic chapel to be built in [Strathglass](/wiki/Strathglass \"Strathglass\"), to the parish's northwest, marking an important shift back towards public tolerance of Catholicism, now that [Jacobitism](/wiki/Jacobitism \"Jacobitism\") was no longer a political threat.", "#### Socioeconomic change", "Usage of Gaelic declined rapidly over the course of the 19th century, as six new schools (including the first girls school) in the parish spread English literacy, and the Highlands' economy grew more interlinked with the British Empire.", "Living costs for local tenants rose dramatically in the early\\-19th century, from a maximum of L. 1 per acre in 1794 to an average of L. 1, 10s. per acre in 1841\\. At the same time, leases had become too short for tenants to \"incur the expense of planting\" i.e. improve poor land. Furthermore, Kiltarlity's population increased from 2,495 in 1794 to 2,881 in 1841, likely due to advancements in medicine and changing norms around marriage.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Sprott \\\|first\\=Gavin \\\|title\\=Farming and the Land \\\|publisher\\=J. Donald \\\|year\\=2011 \\\|location\\=Edinburgh \\\|pages\\=17, 35}}", "With more tenants competing for less available and lower\\-quality land, greater English literacy rates, and the onset of the [Highland Potato Famine](/wiki/Highland_Potato_Famine \"Highland Potato Famine\") from 1846 to 1856, yet more parishioners would have emigrated during the late\\-19th century. This is without even considering land clearances in the area, for which there is evidence in a Gaelic poem titled Theid Sinn a dh'America, written c. 1801 by an unknown bard from Strathglass:\n> “A plague on the landlords,", "", "with their greed for money;\nthey prefer flocks of sheep\nto their own armed hosts.”\n(Translated from Gaidhlig){{Cite book \\\|last\\=MacDonnell \\\|first\\=Margaret \\\|title\\=The Emigrant Experience: Songs of Highland Emigrants in North America \\\|publisher\\=University of Toronto Press \\\|year\\=1982 \\\|location\\=Toronto \\\|page\\=63}}\n### 20th century", "#### Ecology", "Kiltarlity's population of [feral goats](/wiki/Feral_goat \"Feral goat\"), roaming since the Clearances, had disappeared by 1963\\. [Myxomatosis](/wiki/Myxomatosis \"Myxomatosis\") plague in the early\\-20th century led to the temporary extinction of [wild rabbits](/wiki/Rabbit \"Rabbit\") in the area. Native species like grouse, deer, and trout continued to flourish.", "#### Economic change", "By the mid\\-20th century, the crofting way of life in Kiltarlity had died out. Largescale industrial farming replaced it, including [Lord Lovat's](/wiki/Simon_Fraser%2C_15th_Lord_Lovat \"Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat\") extensive cattle ranches. Mechanisation of agriculture put many young men out of work, whilst centralisation around Inverness led to the closure of the village blacksmith, shoemaker, tailor, and public house. Most Kiltarlity residents now earned their living outside the village, either in Beauly or Inverness.", "From the 1910s to 1930s, deer\\-stalking and salmon\\-fishing in the parish became a popular tourist attraction for wealthy English and American visitors. This created high profits for Kiltarlity's main landowners. Due to high taxation from the 1940s onwards and poor maintenance of game stock, however, the industry declined rapidly.", "#### New lifestyles", "The popularisation of automobiles in Kiltarlity in the 20th century came at the benefit of service\\-providers in nearby Beauly and Inverness, but to the detriment of local merchants and shopkeepers. With many new roads for cars and buses, Kiltarlity shifted from a self\\-sustaining, semi\\-isolated community to a [commuter town](/wiki/Commuter_town \"Commuter town\") for Inverness. This has led to several new housing estates over the decades, continuing today as land around the central village is developed.", "With the establishment of the [North of Scotland Hydro\\-Electric Board](/wiki/North_of_Scotland_Hydro-Electric_Board \"North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board\") and construction of hydroelectric dams on the River Beauly in the 1940s and 50s, most homes in Kiltarlity quickly gained electricity. Some houses retained wood and coal fires for heating, while [peat\\-cutting](/wiki/Peat_cutting \"Peat cutting\") disappeared almost entirely.", "By the 1960s, Gaelic had almost completely disappeared from the parish, only present among the oldest generations. Local church services in Gaelic ended in 1940\\. Nonetheless, \"the old Highland custom of warm hospitality persist\\[ed]\"—including [cèilidhs](/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh \"Cèilidh\") and open doors.", "After its peak in 1861 of 2,965, Kiltarlity's population consistently decreased, the decline accelerating in the early\\-20th century due to emigration. Many young men in the village did not come back from WW1 and WW2\\. By 1961, the population was only 1,184\\.", "" ]
### 17th century #### Condition of the Kirk Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation "Reformation"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church "Scottish Episcopal Church") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\|last\=Kennedy \\|first\=Allan Douglas \\|date\=2014 \\|title\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\|journal\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\|publisher\=Cambridge University Press \\|volume\=65}} Visiting the Highlands in the early\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and "rather infidels then of any sect". A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") was a lack of "ecclesiastical provision", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse "Manse") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland "Kirkhill, Highland") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland "Daviot, Highland"). The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe "Tithe"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends. Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the "manse, glebe and church" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\|last\=Fraser \\|first\=William \\|title\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\-Shire \\|pages\=218–224}} A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents "without any testificat". In 1674 he had undergone a "mock marriage" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being "sober ministers". By the late\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting "a stubborn challenge to the established Church", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered.	[ "### 17th century", "#### Condition of the Kirk", "Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation \"Reformation\"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Scottish Episcopal Church\") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\\|last\\=Kennedy \\\|first\\=Allan Douglas \\\|date\\=2014 \\\|title\\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\\|journal\\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\\|publisher\\=Cambridge University Press \\\|volume\\=65}}", "Visiting the Highlands in the early\\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and \"rather infidels then of any sect\".", "A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") was a lack of \"ecclesiastical provision\", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse \"Manse\") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland \"Kirkhill, Highland\") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland \"Daviot, Highland\").", "The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe \"Tithe\"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends.", "Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the \"manse, glebe and church\" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Fraser \\\|first\\=William \\\|title\\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\\-Shire \\\|pages\\=218–224}}", "A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents \"without any testificat\". In 1674 he had undergone a \"mock marriage\" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being \"sober ministers\".", "By the late\\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting \"a stubborn challenge to the established Church\", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered.", "" ]
#### Condition of the Kirk Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation "Reformation"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church "Scottish Episcopal Church") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\|last\=Kennedy \\|first\=Allan Douglas \\|date\=2014 \\|title\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\|journal\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\|publisher\=Cambridge University Press \\|volume\=65}} Visiting the Highlands in the early\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and "rather infidels then of any sect". A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland "Church of Scotland") was a lack of "ecclesiastical provision", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse "Manse") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland "Kirkhill, Highland") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland "Daviot, Highland"). The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe "Tithe"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends. Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the "manse, glebe and church" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\|last\=Fraser \\|first\=William \\|title\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\-Shire \\|pages\=218–224}} A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents "without any testificat". In 1674 he had undergone a "mock marriage" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being "sober ministers". By the late\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting "a stubborn challenge to the established Church", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered.	[ "#### Condition of the Kirk", "Documents from the 17th century that mention the parish of Kiltarlity focused mainly on its church. Since the [Reformation](/wiki/Reformation \"Reformation\"), both the [Episcopalian](/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church \"Scottish Episcopal Church\") and [Presbyterian](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") churches had been slow in converting the Scottish Highlands to Protestantism, due to a lack of necessary infrastructure there and an inability to communicate with Gaelic\\-speaking Highlanders.{{Cite journal \\\|last\\=Kennedy \\\|first\\=Allan Douglas \\\|date\\=2014 \\\|title\\=The Condition of the Restoration Church of Scotland in the Highlands \\\|journal\\=The Journal of Ecclesiastical History \\\|publisher\\=Cambridge University Press \\\|volume\\=65}}", "Visiting the Highlands in the early\\-1680s, Irish Catholic priest John Cahassy claimed Highlanders were Protestant by name only, and \"rather infidels then of any sect\".", "A major problem facing [the Kirk](/wiki/Church_of_Scotland \"Church of Scotland\") was a lack of \"ecclesiastical provision\", with many Highland parishes lacking even a [manse](/wiki/Manse \"Manse\") for their minister. Kiltarlity was one such parish in the 17th century, along with neighbouring [Wardlaw](/wiki/Kirkhill%2C_Highland \"Kirkhill, Highland\") and [Daviot](/wiki/Daviot%2C_Highland \"Daviot, Highland\").", "The payment of ministers was also very unreliable, usually due to locals refusing to pay their [tithes](/wiki/Tithe \"Tithe\"). William Fraser, Church of Scotland minister for Kiltarlity from 1618 to 1665, died with over L. 888 in unpaid stipends.", "Nonetheless, the Kirk was able to construct a new church in 1626 on the south bank of the River Beauly. This was in use until 1766, when the \"manse, glebe and church\" were transferred to their current site at Tomnacross. The ruins of the former church can still be seen today.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Fraser \\\|first\\=William \\\|title\\=The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Inverness\\-Shire \\\|pages\\=218–224}}", "A further problem facing the Presbyterian church in the Highlands was poor ministerial discipline, with many ministers failing to carry out the bare minimum of their duties, committing crimes, or holding illegal marriages. Hugh Fraser, minister for Kiltarlity after William, was accused by the Church of Scotland in 1676 of marrying delinquents \"without any testificat\". In 1674 he had undergone a \"mock marriage\" to an unknown 'Bessie Gray', celebrated by his friend and minister for Daviot, Michael Fraser. The pair were later rebuked by the Kirk for not being \"sober ministers\".", "By the late\\-17th century, Kiltarlity's Catholic population largely resided in Strathglass, where they would remain for the next two centuries. Despite presenting \"a stubborn challenge to the established Church\", their community was weak, few in number, and scattered.", "" ]
### 18th century #### Geography and demographics In 1794 the parish of Kiltarlity was one of the larger Highland parishes, comprising 180 square miles. Despite this, only "a 30th part" of its land was arable, due to the landscape being largely mountainous.{{Cite book \\|last\=Fraser \\|first\=John \\|title\=The Statistical Account of Scotland Vol. XIII \\|publisher\=William Creech \\|year\=1794 \\|location\=Edinburgh}}{{Page needed\\|date\=March 2022}} Like other large and mountainous parishes in the Scottish Highlands, Kiltarlity in the 18th century would have had a scattered population and few navigable roads. This would mean poor church attendance and thus very low literacy rates, as the Kirk was the primary educator in the Highlands at the time.{{Cite journal \\|last\=Robb \\|first\=George \\|date\=1990 \\|title\=Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries \\|journal\=The Journal of Religious History \\|volume\=16 \\|pages\=25}} Over ⅓ of the parish's adult male population in 1794 were [cottars](/wiki/Cotter_%28farmer%29 "Cotter (farmer)"), a further ¼ "small tenants", and at least 60 [crofters](/wiki/Croft_%28land%29 "Croft (land)") on the nigh inhospitable, upland moors. This signifies the land disposession that would grow into the [Highland Clearances](/wiki/Highland_Clearances "Highland Clearances") had already begun around Kiltarlity prior to 1794\. Most of Kiltarlity's native population was still Scottish Gaelic\-speaking in the late\-18th century, with many [monoglots](/wiki/Monolingualism "Monolingualism") in the parish's remoter areas. Only those nearest to the village kirk in the parish's low\-lying east could "transact ordinary business in English"—though bilingual parishioners retained “a strong predilection for their mother tongue". #### Socioeconomic change In the late\-18th century, emigration of Kiltarlity's population throughout the [British Empire](/wiki/British_Empire "British Empire") accelerated. Many men went south to the rapidly industrialising [Central Belt](/wiki/Central_Belt "Central Belt") of Scotland, or further still to England. Others went as far as the [West Indies](/wiki/West_Indies "West Indies"), perhaps linked to one of the village's landholders, Major Fraser of [Belladrum](/wiki/Belladrum%2C_Scotland "Belladrum, Scotland"), who held several plantations there.{{Cite web \\|last\=Alston \\|first\=David \\|date\=2021 \\|title\=Fraser of Belladrum \\|url\=https://www.spanglefish.com/slavesandhighlanders/index.asp?pageid\=164845\#:\~:text\=Fraser%20of%20Belladrum\&text\=James%20Fraser%20was%20a%20soldier,serving%20in%20Ireland%20until%201797 \\|website\=Slaves \& Highlanders}} Industrialisation itself appeared in Kiltarlity during this time in the form a new sawmill constructed on the [River Beauly](/wiki/River_Beauly "River Beauly"), which formed the parish's northern border. Hydro\-powered, using a "strong artificial dam", the mill transformed Scots' pines felled 30 miles upriver into timber bound for "Leith or London". New species and technology were also introduced to the parish in the late\-18th century, including [larch](/wiki/Larch "Larch") for timber purposes and the modern cast\-iron [plough](/wiki/Plough "Plough"). At the same time, several native species, including the [Scottish wildcat](/wiki/Scottish_wildcat "Scottish wildcat") and [capercaillie](/wiki/Western_capercaillie "Western capercaillie"), had been made extinct in the area by 1794 at latest. By British Governmental statute a new road was being built along the parish's north end, using local [indentured labour](/wiki/Indentured_servitude "Indentured servitude"). According to the local Church of Scotland minister, alcoholism was rife in the parish in the form of [whisky](/wiki/Scotch_whisky "Scotch whisky"), with dozens of homemade and household stills.	[ "### 18th century", "#### Geography and demographics", "In 1794 the parish of Kiltarlity was one of the larger Highland parishes, comprising 180 square miles. Despite this, only \"a 30th part\" of its land was arable, due to the landscape being largely mountainous.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Fraser \\\|first\\=John \\\|title\\=The Statistical Account of Scotland Vol. XIII \\\|publisher\\=William Creech \\\|year\\=1794 \\\|location\\=Edinburgh}}{{Page needed\\\|date\\=March 2022}}", "Like other large and mountainous parishes in the Scottish Highlands, Kiltarlity in the 18th century would have had a scattered population and few navigable roads. This would mean poor church attendance and thus very low literacy rates, as the Kirk was the primary educator in the Highlands at the time.{{Cite journal \\\|last\\=Robb \\\|first\\=George \\\|date\\=1990 \\\|title\\=Popular Religion and the Christianization of the Scottish Highlands in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries \\\|journal\\=The Journal of Religious History \\\|volume\\=16 \\\|pages\\=25}}", "Over ⅓ of the parish's adult male population in 1794 were [cottars](/wiki/Cotter_%28farmer%29 \"Cotter (farmer)\"), a further ¼ \"small tenants\", and at least 60 [crofters](/wiki/Croft_%28land%29 \"Croft (land)\") on the nigh inhospitable, upland moors. This signifies the land disposession that would grow into the [Highland Clearances](/wiki/Highland_Clearances \"Highland Clearances\") had already begun around Kiltarlity prior to 1794\\.", "Most of Kiltarlity's native population was still Scottish Gaelic\\-speaking in the late\\-18th century, with many [monoglots](/wiki/Monolingualism \"Monolingualism\") in the parish's remoter areas. Only those nearest to the village kirk in the parish's low\\-lying east could \"transact ordinary business in English\"—though bilingual parishioners retained “a strong predilection for their mother tongue\".", "#### Socioeconomic change", "In the late\\-18th century, emigration of Kiltarlity's population throughout the [British Empire](/wiki/British_Empire \"British Empire\") accelerated. Many men went south to the rapidly industrialising [Central Belt](/wiki/Central_Belt \"Central Belt\") of Scotland, or further still to England. Others went as far as the [West Indies](/wiki/West_Indies \"West Indies\"), perhaps linked to one of the village's landholders, Major Fraser of [Belladrum](/wiki/Belladrum%2C_Scotland \"Belladrum, Scotland\"), who held several plantations there.{{Cite web \\\|last\\=Alston \\\|first\\=David \\\|date\\=2021 \\\|title\\=Fraser of Belladrum \\\|url\\=https://www.spanglefish.com/slavesandhighlanders/index.asp?pageid\\=164845\\#:\\~:text\\=Fraser%20of%20Belladrum\\&text\\=James%20Fraser%20was%20a%20soldier,serving%20in%20Ireland%20until%201797 \\\|website\\=Slaves \\& Highlanders}}", "Industrialisation itself appeared in Kiltarlity during this time in the form a new sawmill constructed on the [River Beauly](/wiki/River_Beauly \"River Beauly\"), which formed the parish's northern border. Hydro\\-powered, using a \"strong artificial dam\", the mill transformed Scots' pines felled 30 miles upriver into timber bound for \"Leith or London\".", "New species and technology were also introduced to the parish in the late\\-18th century, including [larch](/wiki/Larch \"Larch\") for timber purposes and the modern cast\\-iron [plough](/wiki/Plough \"Plough\"). At the same time, several native species, including the [Scottish wildcat](/wiki/Scottish_wildcat \"Scottish wildcat\") and [capercaillie](/wiki/Western_capercaillie \"Western capercaillie\"), had been made extinct in the area by 1794 at latest.", "By British Governmental statute a new road was being built along the parish's north end, using local [indentured labour](/wiki/Indentured_servitude \"Indentured servitude\"). According to the local Church of Scotland minister, alcoholism was rife in the parish in the form of [whisky](/wiki/Scotch_whisky \"Scotch whisky\"), with dozens of homemade and household stills.", "" ]
### 20th century #### Ecology Kiltarlity's population of [feral goats](/wiki/Feral_goat "Feral goat"), roaming since the Clearances, had disappeared by 1963\. [Myxomatosis](/wiki/Myxomatosis "Myxomatosis") plague in the early\-20th century led to the temporary extinction of [wild rabbits](/wiki/Rabbit "Rabbit") in the area. Native species like grouse, deer, and trout continued to flourish. #### Economic change By the mid\-20th century, the crofting way of life in Kiltarlity had died out. Largescale industrial farming replaced it, including [Lord Lovat's](/wiki/Simon_Fraser%2C_15th_Lord_Lovat "Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat") extensive cattle ranches. Mechanisation of agriculture put many young men out of work, whilst centralisation around Inverness led to the closure of the village blacksmith, shoemaker, tailor, and public house. Most Kiltarlity residents now earned their living outside the village, either in Beauly or Inverness. From the 1910s to 1930s, deer\-stalking and salmon\-fishing in the parish became a popular tourist attraction for wealthy English and American visitors. This created high profits for Kiltarlity's main landowners. Due to high taxation from the 1940s onwards and poor maintenance of game stock, however, the industry declined rapidly. #### New lifestyles The popularisation of automobiles in Kiltarlity in the 20th century came at the benefit of service\-providers in nearby Beauly and Inverness, but to the detriment of local merchants and shopkeepers. With many new roads for cars and buses, Kiltarlity shifted from a self\-sustaining, semi\-isolated community to a [commuter town](/wiki/Commuter_town "Commuter town") for Inverness. This has led to several new housing estates over the decades, continuing today as land around the central village is developed. With the establishment of the [North of Scotland Hydro\-Electric Board](/wiki/North_of_Scotland_Hydro-Electric_Board "North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board") and construction of hydroelectric dams on the River Beauly in the 1940s and 50s, most homes in Kiltarlity quickly gained electricity. Some houses retained wood and coal fires for heating, while [peat\-cutting](/wiki/Peat_cutting "Peat cutting") disappeared almost entirely. By the 1960s, Gaelic had almost completely disappeared from the parish, only present among the oldest generations. Local church services in Gaelic ended in 1940\. Nonetheless, "the old Highland custom of warm hospitality persist\[ed]"—including [cèilidhs](/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh "Cèilidh") and open doors. After its peak in 1861 of 2,965, Kiltarlity's population consistently decreased, the decline accelerating in the early\-20th century due to emigration. Many young men in the village did not come back from WW1 and WW2\. By 1961, the population was only 1,184\.	[ "### 20th century", "#### Ecology", "Kiltarlity's population of [feral goats](/wiki/Feral_goat \"Feral goat\"), roaming since the Clearances, had disappeared by 1963\\. [Myxomatosis](/wiki/Myxomatosis \"Myxomatosis\") plague in the early\\-20th century led to the temporary extinction of [wild rabbits](/wiki/Rabbit \"Rabbit\") in the area. Native species like grouse, deer, and trout continued to flourish.", "#### Economic change", "By the mid\\-20th century, the crofting way of life in Kiltarlity had died out. Largescale industrial farming replaced it, including [Lord Lovat's](/wiki/Simon_Fraser%2C_15th_Lord_Lovat \"Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat\") extensive cattle ranches. Mechanisation of agriculture put many young men out of work, whilst centralisation around Inverness led to the closure of the village blacksmith, shoemaker, tailor, and public house. Most Kiltarlity residents now earned their living outside the village, either in Beauly or Inverness.", "From the 1910s to 1930s, deer\\-stalking and salmon\\-fishing in the parish became a popular tourist attraction for wealthy English and American visitors. This created high profits for Kiltarlity's main landowners. Due to high taxation from the 1940s onwards and poor maintenance of game stock, however, the industry declined rapidly.", "#### New lifestyles", "The popularisation of automobiles in Kiltarlity in the 20th century came at the benefit of service\\-providers in nearby Beauly and Inverness, but to the detriment of local merchants and shopkeepers. With many new roads for cars and buses, Kiltarlity shifted from a self\\-sustaining, semi\\-isolated community to a [commuter town](/wiki/Commuter_town \"Commuter town\") for Inverness. This has led to several new housing estates over the decades, continuing today as land around the central village is developed.", "With the establishment of the [North of Scotland Hydro\\-Electric Board](/wiki/North_of_Scotland_Hydro-Electric_Board \"North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board\") and construction of hydroelectric dams on the River Beauly in the 1940s and 50s, most homes in Kiltarlity quickly gained electricity. Some houses retained wood and coal fires for heating, while [peat\\-cutting](/wiki/Peat_cutting \"Peat cutting\") disappeared almost entirely.", "By the 1960s, Gaelic had almost completely disappeared from the parish, only present among the oldest generations. Local church services in Gaelic ended in 1940\\. Nonetheless, \"the old Highland custom of warm hospitality persist\\[ed]\"—including [cèilidhs](/wiki/C%C3%A8ilidh \"Cèilidh\") and open doors.", "After its peak in 1861 of 2,965, Kiltarlity's population consistently decreased, the decline accelerating in the early\\-20th century due to emigration. Many young men in the village did not come back from WW1 and WW2\\. By 1961, the population was only 1,184\\.", "" ]
Controversial undercover activities ----------------------------------- ### Sexual relationships In the course of his police service, Lambert infiltrated activist groups (environmentalists, animal rights activists and anti\-racists) using the alias Mark "Bob" Robinson. To gain credibility as an activist, he formed friendships with other movement members; he also embarked in long\-term relationships with women as a means of establishing a cover story. He fathered a child with one of the activists he was spying on although he already had a wife and children.{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob \\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul\\|last2\= Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|title\=Undercover policemen, undercover lovers\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jun/22/undercover\-police\-lovers\\|accessdate\=29 August 2014\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=22 June 2013}} After that relationship ended he embarked on another with a woman who was politically conscious{{huh\\|date\=October 2024}}, but was not an activist. His colleagues at [Special Branch](/wiki/Special_Branch "Special Branch") raided her home in order to bolster his image as a hardcore militant.{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob \\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul \\|last2\=Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/23/police\-spy\-tricked\-lover\-activist\\|title\=Police spy tricked lover with activist 'cover story'\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=23 October 2011\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob \\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul \\|last2\=Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/23/undercover\-police\-animal\-liberation\-front\\|title\=Undercover police: how 'romantic, attentive' impostor betrayed activist\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=23 October 2011\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} Lambert was confronted about his past activities by members of [London Greenpeace](/wiki/London_Greenpeace "London Greenpeace") (which he had infiltrated in the 1980s) as he spoke at a conference in October 2011\. Lambert subsequently apologised to other activists and to the woman whom he had used as a "lover" (who said she felt "raped by the state" after learning about the deception).{{Cite news\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/24/undercover\-police\-spy\-girlfriend\-child\\|title\=Trauma of spy's girlfriend: 'like being raped by the state'\\|first1\=Paul \\|last1\=Lewis\\|first2\=Rob \\|last2\=Evans\\|first3\=Sorcha\\|last3\= Pollak\\|authorlink1\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=24 June 2013\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} Though he had earlier denied that reports in [The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian") newspaper were true, in July 2013 he acknowledged that he had conducted four such relationships under false pretences, saying that he "made serious mistakes that I should regret, and I always will do."{{Cite news\\|first1\=Paul\\|last1\=Lewis\\|first2\=Rob\\|last2\=Evans\\|authorlink1\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk\-news/2013/jul/06/home\-office\-police\-childrens\-identities\-lambert\\|title\=Home Office 'knew police stole children's identities'\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=6 July 2013\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} At the time, he was said to have bragged to a colleague about having fathered a child with one of his targets.{{Cite news \\|last\=Evans \\|first\=Rob \\|date\=2024\-10\-14 \\|title\=Police spy ‘bragged’ about fathering a child with activist, inquiry hears \\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk\-news/2024/oct/14/police\-spy\-bragged\-about\-fathering\-a\-child\-with\-activist\-inquiry\-hears \\|access\-date\=2024\-10\-17 \\|work\=The Guardian \\|language\=en\-GB \\|issn\=0261\-3077}} On 23 October 2014, the [Metropolitan Police Service](/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Service "Metropolitan Police Service") agreed to pay £425,000 to a woman called Jacqui whose child was fathered by Lambert; she did not know at the time of their relationship that he was an [undercover police officer](/wiki/Undercover_operation "Undercover operation"). The payment was part of an agreement for her to drop her legal action alleging assault, negligence, deceit and misconduct by senior officers. She was a 22\-year\-old activist at the time of her relationship with Lambert, who was using the pseudonym Bob Robinson, and she gave birth to their son in 1985\. When the boy was two years old his father vanished, and she told BBC News she had received psychiatric care after learning the officer's real identity. The unprecedented payment resulted from a legal battle with women who said they were duped into relationships with officers who were spying on them. [Scotland Yard](/wiki/Scotland_Yard "Scotland Yard") said it "unreservedly apologises for any pain and suffering" but added that "the Metropolitan Police Service has never had a policy that officers can use sexual relations for the purposes of policing". Scotland Yard had previously refused to either confirm or deny whether Bob Lambert was a [Special Demonstration Squad](/wiki/Special_Demonstration_Squad "Special Demonstration Squad") operative, despite his own admissions to journalists. However, it was forced to change its position in August 2014 after a legal ruling. Lambert did not respond to BBC requests for comment on the settlement but had previously said that he wanted to apologise to women with whom he had relationships and that he had made some "serious mistakes".{{Cite news\\|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\-29743646\\|title\=Met pays £425,000 to mother of undercover policeman's child \\|last1\= Kelly \\|first1\=June\\|last2\= Casciani \\|first2\=Dominic\\|date\=23 October 2014 \\|work\=\[\[BBC News]]\\|accessdate\=23 October 2014}} The son Lambert fathered with Jacqui has sued the Metropolitan Police Service alleging psychiatric damage. The Met has sought to make Lambert a co\-defendant in the case.Rob Evans, ["Police take legal action against former officer who had child with activist"](https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/may/14/police-legal-action-bob-lambert-undercover-officer-child-activist), The Guardian, 14 May 2019 The Police have paid an undisclosed sum in damages. ### Accusations of arson and perjury In June 2012 Lambert was accused in [Parliament](/wiki/Parliament_of_England "Parliament of England") by [Caroline Lucas](/wiki/Caroline_Lucas "Caroline Lucas") MP of planting the fire bomb that caused £340,000 worth of damage to the [Harrow](/wiki/Harrow%2C_London "Harrow, London") branch of a [Debenhams](/wiki/Debenhams "Debenhams") department store in 1987 as part of his undercover work in the [Animal Liberation Front](/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front "Animal Liberation Front").{{Cite news\\|title\=MP accused undercover policeman of firebombing shop\\|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\-politics\-18423441\\|work\=\[\[BBC News]]\\|date\=13 June 2012\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} Lambert denied this.{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob\\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul\\|last2\=Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jun/13/police\\|title\=Call for police links to animal rights firebombing to be investigated\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=13 June 2012\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\|title\=MP Caroline Lucas names undercover officer as shop fire bomber \\|url\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\-politics\-18426368\\|work\=\[\[BBC News]]\\|date\=13 June 2012\\|accessdate\=10 March 2014}}{{Cite news\\|title\=Undercover cop alleged to have fire\-bombed Debenhams for ALF\\|url\=http://www.constabulary.org.uk/2012/06/13/undercover\-cop\-alleged\-to\-have\-fire\-bombed\-debenhams\-for\-alf/\\|work\=Constabulary\\|first\=Chris\\|last\=Locke\\|date\=13 June 2012\\|accessdate\=10 March 2014\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310124808/http://www.constabulary.org.uk/2012/06/13/undercover\-cop\-alleged\-to\-have\-fire\-bombed\-debenhams\-for\-alf/\\|archivedate\=10 March 2014}}{{Cite news\\|title\=Caroline Lucas Exposes Allegations Ex\-Undercover Cop Bob Lambert Firebombed Debenhams London Store\\|url\=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/13/caroline\-lucas\-undercover\-policeman\-bob\-lambert\-firebombing\_n\_1592661\.html?view\=print\\|first\=Dina\\|last\=Rickman\\|work\=\[\[HuffPost]]\\|date\=13 June 2012\\|accessdate\=10 March 2014}} His activities as a police spy came to public attention in the course of revelations that the Metropolitan Police have employed undercover operatives (including [Mark Kennedy](/wiki/Mark_Kennedy_%28police_officer%29 "Mark Kennedy (police officer)")), some of whom acted in ways designed to disrupt the activities of the groups they infiltrated. The Guardian newspaper has suggested that Lambert might have been prosecuted under his alias, and thus perhaps gave false testimony in court, for having distributed "insulting leaflets" outside a London butcher's shop.{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob\\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul\\|last2\=Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/undercover\-with\-paul\-lewis\-and\-rob\-evans/2011/oct/21/second\-undercover\-officer\-accused\-misleading\-court\\|title\=Second undercover officer accused of misleading court\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=21 October 2011\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\|first1\=Rob\\|last1\=Evans\\|first2\=Paul\\|last2\=Lewis\\|authorlink2\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/26/police\-spy\-urges\-public\-inquiry?newsfeed\=true\\|title\=Former police spy urges public inquiry into undercover operations\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|date\=26 October 2011\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} The [Derbyshire Constabulary](/wiki/Derbyshire_Constabulary "Derbyshire Constabulary") launched an investigation called Operation Herne in 2011 which combined many allegations against the police including this one and those pertaining to the [death of Stephen Lawrence](/wiki/Murder_of_Stephen_Lawrence%23Revelations_about_undercover_police_conduct_%282013%29 "Murder of Stephen Lawrence#Revelations about undercover police conduct (2013)"). It concluded that errors were made, but stopped at assigning any individual blame as far as this case was concerned. ### Other controversial activities Lambert's undercover activities also involved using the identity of a boy who had died at the age of seven. In 2013, it was reported that while undercover with London Greenpeace, Lambert had co\-authored the '[McLibel](/wiki/McLibel "McLibel") leaflet', which resulted in a defamation lawsuit from [McDonald's Corporation](/wiki/McDonald%27s_Corporation "McDonald's Corporation") that took ten years to resolve.{{Cite news\\|title\=McLibel leaflet was co\-written by undercover police officer Bob Lambert \\|url\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/mclibel\-leaflet\-police\-bob\-lambert\-mcdonalds\\|work\=\[\[The Guardian]]\\|location\=London\\|first1\=Paul\\|last1\=Lewis\\|first2\=Rob\\|last2\=Evans\\|authorlink1\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\|date\=21 June 2013\\|accessdate\=25 October 2014}} After his time undercover he was in charge of other officers in the same role. He deployed officers into [Reclaim the Streets](/wiki/Reclaim_the_Streets "Reclaim the Streets") as well as campaigns for justice by families of black people whose deaths were mishandled by police, such as [Stephen Lawrence](/wiki/Stephen_Lawrence "Stephen Lawrence").	[ "Controversial undercover activities\n-----------------------------------", "### Sexual relationships", "In the course of his police service, Lambert infiltrated activist groups (environmentalists, animal rights activists and anti\\-racists) using the alias Mark \"Bob\" Robinson. To gain credibility as an activist, he formed friendships with other movement members; he also embarked in long\\-term relationships with women as a means of establishing a cover story.", "He fathered a child with one of the activists he was spying on although he already had a wife and children.{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob \\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul\\\|last2\\= Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|title\\=Undercover policemen, undercover lovers\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jun/22/undercover\\-police\\-lovers\\\|accessdate\\=29 August 2014\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=22 June 2013}} After that relationship ended he embarked on another with a woman who was politically conscious{{huh\\\|date\\=October 2024}}, but was not an activist. His colleagues at [Special Branch](/wiki/Special_Branch \"Special Branch\") raided her home in order to bolster his image as a hardcore militant.{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob \\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul \\\|last2\\=Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/23/police\\-spy\\-tricked\\-lover\\-activist\\\|title\\=Police spy tricked lover with activist 'cover story'\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=23 October 2011\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob \\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul \\\|last2\\=Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/23/undercover\\-police\\-animal\\-liberation\\-front\\\|title\\=Undercover police: how 'romantic, attentive' impostor betrayed activist\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=23 October 2011\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}", "Lambert was confronted about his past activities by members of [London Greenpeace](/wiki/London_Greenpeace \"London Greenpeace\") (which he had infiltrated in the 1980s) as he spoke at a conference in October 2011\\. Lambert subsequently apologised to other activists and to the woman whom he had used as a \"lover\" (who said she felt \"raped by the state\" after learning about the deception).{{Cite news\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/24/undercover\\-police\\-spy\\-girlfriend\\-child\\\|title\\=Trauma of spy's girlfriend: 'like being raped by the state'\\\|first1\\=Paul \\\|last1\\=Lewis\\\|first2\\=Rob \\\|last2\\=Evans\\\|first3\\=Sorcha\\\|last3\\= Pollak\\\|authorlink1\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=24 June 2013\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}} Though he had earlier denied that reports in [The Guardian](/wiki/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\") newspaper were true, in July 2013 he acknowledged that he had conducted four such relationships under false pretences, saying that he \"made serious mistakes that I should regret, and I always will do.\"{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Paul\\\|last1\\=Lewis\\\|first2\\=Rob\\\|last2\\=Evans\\\|authorlink1\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk\\-news/2013/jul/06/home\\-office\\-police\\-childrens\\-identities\\-lambert\\\|title\\=Home Office 'knew police stole children's identities'\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=6 July 2013\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}} At the time, he was said to have bragged to a colleague about having fathered a child with one of his targets.{{Cite news \\\|last\\=Evans \\\|first\\=Rob \\\|date\\=2024\\-10\\-14 \\\|title\\=Police spy ‘bragged’ about fathering a child with activist, inquiry hears \\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk\\-news/2024/oct/14/police\\-spy\\-bragged\\-about\\-fathering\\-a\\-child\\-with\\-activist\\-inquiry\\-hears \\\|access\\-date\\=2024\\-10\\-17 \\\|work\\=The Guardian \\\|language\\=en\\-GB \\\|issn\\=0261\\-3077}}", "On 23 October 2014, the [Metropolitan Police Service](/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Service \"Metropolitan Police Service\") agreed to pay £425,000 to a woman called Jacqui whose child was fathered by Lambert; she did not know at the time of their relationship that he was an [undercover police officer](/wiki/Undercover_operation \"Undercover operation\"). The payment was part of an agreement for her to drop her legal action alleging assault, negligence, deceit and misconduct by senior officers. She was a 22\\-year\\-old activist at the time of her relationship with Lambert, who was using the pseudonym Bob Robinson, and she gave birth to their son in 1985\\. When the boy was two years old his father vanished, and she told BBC News she had received psychiatric care after learning the officer's real identity.", "The unprecedented payment resulted from a legal battle with women who said they were duped into relationships with officers who were spying on them. [Scotland Yard](/wiki/Scotland_Yard \"Scotland Yard\") said it \"unreservedly apologises for any pain and suffering\" but added that \"the Metropolitan Police Service has never had a policy that officers can use sexual relations for the purposes of policing\". Scotland Yard had previously refused to either confirm or deny whether Bob Lambert was a [Special Demonstration Squad](/wiki/Special_Demonstration_Squad \"Special Demonstration Squad\") operative, despite his own admissions to journalists. However, it was forced to change its position in August 2014 after a legal ruling. Lambert did not respond to BBC requests for comment on the settlement but had previously said that he wanted to apologise to women with whom he had relationships and that he had made some \"serious mistakes\".{{Cite news\\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\\-29743646\\\|title\\=Met pays £425,000 to mother of undercover policeman's child \\\|last1\\= Kelly \\\|first1\\=June\\\|last2\\= Casciani \\\|first2\\=Dominic\\\|date\\=23 October 2014 \\\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC News]]\\\|accessdate\\=23 October 2014}}", "The son Lambert fathered with Jacqui has sued the Metropolitan Police Service alleging psychiatric damage. The Met has sought to make Lambert a co\\-defendant in the case.Rob Evans, [\"Police take legal action against former officer who had child with activist\"](https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/may/14/police-legal-action-bob-lambert-undercover-officer-child-activist), The Guardian, 14 May 2019 The Police have paid an undisclosed sum in damages.", "### Accusations of arson and perjury", "In June 2012 Lambert was accused in [Parliament](/wiki/Parliament_of_England \"Parliament of England\") by [Caroline Lucas](/wiki/Caroline_Lucas \"Caroline Lucas\") MP of planting the fire bomb that caused £340,000 worth of damage to the [Harrow](/wiki/Harrow%2C_London \"Harrow, London\") branch of a [Debenhams](/wiki/Debenhams \"Debenhams\") department store in 1987 as part of his undercover work in the [Animal Liberation Front](/wiki/Animal_Liberation_Front \"Animal Liberation Front\").{{Cite news\\\|title\\=MP accused undercover policeman of firebombing shop\\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\\-politics\\-18423441\\\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC News]]\\\|date\\=13 June 2012\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}} Lambert denied this.{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob\\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul\\\|last2\\=Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jun/13/police\\\|title\\=Call for police links to animal rights firebombing to be investigated\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=13 June 2012\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\\|title\\=MP Caroline Lucas names undercover officer as shop fire bomber \\\|url\\=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk\\-politics\\-18426368\\\|work\\=\\[\\[BBC News]]\\\|date\\=13 June 2012\\\|accessdate\\=10 March 2014}}{{Cite news\\\|title\\=Undercover cop alleged to have fire\\-bombed Debenhams for ALF\\\|url\\=http://www.constabulary.org.uk/2012/06/13/undercover\\-cop\\-alleged\\-to\\-have\\-fire\\-bombed\\-debenhams\\-for\\-alf/\\\|work\\=Constabulary\\\|first\\=Chris\\\|last\\=Locke\\\|date\\=13 June 2012\\\|accessdate\\=10 March 2014\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310124808/http://www.constabulary.org.uk/2012/06/13/undercover\\-cop\\-alleged\\-to\\-have\\-fire\\-bombed\\-debenhams\\-for\\-alf/\\\|archivedate\\=10 March 2014}}{{Cite news\\\|title\\=Caroline Lucas Exposes Allegations Ex\\-Undercover Cop Bob Lambert Firebombed Debenhams London Store\\\|url\\=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/06/13/caroline\\-lucas\\-undercover\\-policeman\\-bob\\-lambert\\-firebombing\\_n\\_1592661\\.html?view\\=print\\\|first\\=Dina\\\|last\\=Rickman\\\|work\\=\\[\\[HuffPost]]\\\|date\\=13 June 2012\\\|accessdate\\=10 March 2014}}", "His activities as a police spy came to public attention in the course of revelations that the Metropolitan Police have employed undercover operatives (including [Mark Kennedy](/wiki/Mark_Kennedy_%28police_officer%29 \"Mark Kennedy (police officer)\")), some of whom acted in ways designed to disrupt the activities of the groups they infiltrated. The Guardian newspaper has suggested that Lambert might have been prosecuted under his alias, and thus perhaps gave false testimony in court, for having distributed \"insulting leaflets\" outside a London butcher's shop.{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob\\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul\\\|last2\\=Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/undercover\\-with\\-paul\\-lewis\\-and\\-rob\\-evans/2011/oct/21/second\\-undercover\\-officer\\-accused\\-misleading\\-court\\\|title\\=Second undercover officer accused of misleading court\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=21 October 2011\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}{{Cite news\\\|first1\\=Rob\\\|last1\\=Evans\\\|first2\\=Paul\\\|last2\\=Lewis\\\|authorlink2\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/oct/26/police\\-spy\\-urges\\-public\\-inquiry?newsfeed\\=true\\\|title\\=Former police spy urges public inquiry into undercover operations\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|date\\=26 October 2011\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}", "The [Derbyshire Constabulary](/wiki/Derbyshire_Constabulary \"Derbyshire Constabulary\") launched an investigation called Operation Herne in 2011 which combined many allegations against the police including this one and those pertaining to the [death of Stephen Lawrence](/wiki/Murder_of_Stephen_Lawrence%23Revelations_about_undercover_police_conduct_%282013%29 \"Murder of Stephen Lawrence#Revelations about undercover police conduct (2013)\"). It concluded that errors were made, but stopped at assigning any individual blame as far as this case was concerned.", "### Other controversial activities", "Lambert's undercover activities also involved using the identity of a boy who had died at the age of seven.", "In 2013, it was reported that while undercover with London Greenpeace, Lambert had co\\-authored the '[McLibel](/wiki/McLibel \"McLibel\") leaflet', which resulted in a defamation lawsuit from [McDonald's Corporation](/wiki/McDonald%27s_Corporation \"McDonald's Corporation\") that took ten years to resolve.{{Cite news\\\|title\\=McLibel leaflet was co\\-written by undercover police officer Bob Lambert \\\|url\\=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/21/mclibel\\-leaflet\\-police\\-bob\\-lambert\\-mcdonalds\\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Guardian]]\\\|location\\=London\\\|first1\\=Paul\\\|last1\\=Lewis\\\|first2\\=Rob\\\|last2\\=Evans\\\|authorlink1\\=Paul Lewis (journalist)\\\|date\\=21 June 2013\\\|accessdate\\=25 October 2014}}", "After his time undercover he was in charge of other officers in the same role. He deployed officers into [Reclaim the Streets](/wiki/Reclaim_the_Streets \"Reclaim the Streets\") as well as campaigns for justice by families of black people whose deaths were mishandled by police, such as [Stephen Lawrence](/wiki/Stephen_Lawrence \"Stephen Lawrence\").", "" ]
Biography --------- In 1929, Tibor Spitz was born in a small town called [Dolný Kubín](/wiki/Doln%C3%BD_Kub%C3%ADn "Dolný Kubín") in the high mountains of northern [Slovakia](/wiki/Slovakia "Slovakia"), at that time part of [Czechoslovakia](/wiki/Czechoslovakia "Czechoslovakia").{{Cite book \\|title \= Jewish\-American artists and the Holocaust \\|publisher \= \[\[Rutgers University Press]] \\|author \= Matthew Baigwell \\|year \= 1997 \\|isbn \= 0813524040 \\|url \= https://books.google.com/books?id\=DDBdBAVIJ9MC\&dq\=Spitz\&pg\=PA48\-IA4 \\|accessdate \= April 2, 2013}} His father was a cantor for the Jewish community and his mother was a teacher. He survived Holocaust at age 15, studied chemistry in [Prague](/wiki/Prague "Prague"), and in 1968 escaped to [the West](/wiki/Western_world "Western world") to live in Canada and later in the United States. After his career as a scientist, he became a professional artist and lecturer on Holocaust. Spitz was born in a Slovak part of Czechoslovakia that kept changing from democracy to a fascist Nazi regime followed by the Soviet\-style [communism](/wiki/Communism "Communism"). Because of his Jewish origin, between the ages of 10 and 15, he was not allowed to attend public schools and for three years he was doomed to be either murdered on the spot or deported to a [death camp](/wiki/Extermination_camp "Extermination camp") in nearby [Poland](/wiki/Poland "Poland"). He was 12 when almost all his deported relatives vanished without a trace in Nazi Death \& Labor camps. After merely surviving the Nazi era he wanted to study art as did his older brother. However, the already\-established communist regime arranged for him to study chemistry. After graduation, he worked as an engineer, Ph.D. scientist, and glass technology expert in Czechoslovak glass industry Research and development institutions. In 1968 he was returning to complete his two years assignment in the Cuban glass industry when he and his wife Noemi (during an airplane refueling stop in Canada) escaped to the West. Nine years later they moved from Canada to the United States. 30 years in the glass industry had followed by 14 years working as a scientist developing hi\-tech magnetic recording heads for computers and VCRs. Suppressed memories of his tragic childhood required an outlet only art could fully provide. The Communist country where he lived for two decades would not tolerate it, while political freedoms in the West fully supported his free artistic expression. Next to his scientific and technical profession Tibor Spitz became simultaneously an active artist as well. The unusually creative artistic environment in both Kingston and nearby [Woodstock, New York](/wiki/Woodstock%2C_New_York "Woodstock, New York") gradually turned him into a professional artist. As his interest in art continued growing, besides painting he has been also sculpting, making ceramics, wood carvings, and wood burnings. When he discovered that impressionists have not fully exhausted all their artistic possibilities, his painting techniques gradually gravitated toward [pointillism](/wiki/Pointillism "Pointillism") and [neo\-impressionism](/wiki/Neo-impressionism "Neo-impressionism"). Besides initial hounding faces and figurative scenes associated with Holocaust, Judaism, and Jewish mystical teachings [Kabbalah](/wiki/Kabbalah "Kabbalah"), he also added fishing scenes, musicians, horses, still\-life, and landscapes. College courses as well as directions from his mentor Meyer Lieberman were a great help in developing his artistic skills. His art was exhibited in many solo and group shows. Galleries, museums, schools, and colleges as well as cultural, scientific, religious, and public institutions were interested in both his presentations and exhibitions. During the last decades, solo exhibitions of his art were held numerous times in New York State, New Jersey, Canada, his native Slovakia, Prague, Art Society of Kingston, HCT, Gallery SEVEN21, and many others. His last art exhibitions took place in his Slovak birthplace Dolny Kubin (2019\)and at New Paltz NY Gallery UNISON in 2022\. In 1997 American art historian Matthew Baigell included his biography and reproduction of his painting in his book "Jewish\-American artists and the Holocaust". In 2008 Canadian drama director Valeria Thothova used his paintings in her book "Shalom" issued in Canada.{{Cite book \\|last\=Tóthová \\|first\=Valéria \\|title\=Shalom \\|year\=2008 \\|location\=Toronto, Canada \\|oclc\=236054282}} His achievements were described in dozens of media reports published in several countries. A documentary movie titled "TIBOR SPITZ \- Portraits of successful Slovaks abroad" (2015\) was shown in both Slovakia, Canada, and Slovak Television. In 2022 he was participating in a documentary film purchased by PBS and broadcast on 350 PBS TV channels in the US and also in Canada and Europe. Title, "WE REMEMBER \- Songs of survivors" (April 2022\). In 2021 Noemi \& Tibor Spitz published a small edition biographical book.	[ "Biography\n---------", "In 1929, Tibor Spitz was born in a small town called [Dolný Kubín](/wiki/Doln%C3%BD_Kub%C3%ADn \"Dolný Kubín\") in the high mountains of northern [Slovakia](/wiki/Slovakia \"Slovakia\"), at that time part of [Czechoslovakia](/wiki/Czechoslovakia \"Czechoslovakia\").{{Cite book\n \\\|title \\= Jewish\\-American artists and the Holocaust\n \\\|publisher \\= \\[\\[Rutgers University Press]]\n \\\|author \\= Matthew Baigwell\n \\\|year \\= 1997\n \\\|isbn \\= 0813524040\n \\\|url \\= https://books.google.com/books?id\\=DDBdBAVIJ9MC\\&dq\\=Spitz\\&pg\\=PA48\\-IA4\n \\\|accessdate \\= April 2, 2013}} His father was a cantor for the Jewish community and his mother was a teacher. He survived Holocaust at age 15, studied chemistry in [Prague](/wiki/Prague \"Prague\"), and in 1968 escaped to [the West](/wiki/Western_world \"Western world\") to live in Canada and later in the United States. After his career as a scientist, he became a professional artist and lecturer on Holocaust.", "Spitz was born in a Slovak part of Czechoslovakia that kept changing from democracy to a fascist Nazi regime followed by the Soviet\\-style [communism](/wiki/Communism \"Communism\"). Because of his Jewish origin, between the ages of 10 and 15, he was not allowed to attend public schools and for three years he was doomed to be either murdered on the spot or deported to a [death camp](/wiki/Extermination_camp \"Extermination camp\") in nearby [Poland](/wiki/Poland \"Poland\"). He was 12 when almost all his deported relatives vanished without a trace in Nazi Death \\& Labor camps. After merely surviving the Nazi era he wanted to study art as did his older brother. However, the already\\-established communist regime arranged for him to study chemistry. After graduation, he worked as an engineer, Ph.D. scientist, and glass technology expert in Czechoslovak glass industry Research and development institutions. In 1968 he was returning to complete his two years assignment in the Cuban glass industry when he and his wife Noemi (during an airplane refueling stop in Canada) escaped to the West. Nine years later they moved from Canada to the United States. 30 years in the glass industry had followed by 14 years working as a scientist developing hi\\-tech magnetic recording heads for computers and VCRs.", "Suppressed memories of his tragic childhood required an outlet only art could fully provide. The Communist country where he lived for two decades would not tolerate it, while political freedoms in the West fully supported his free artistic expression. Next to his scientific and technical profession Tibor Spitz became simultaneously an active artist as well. The unusually creative artistic environment in both Kingston and nearby [Woodstock, New York](/wiki/Woodstock%2C_New_York \"Woodstock, New York\") gradually turned him into a professional artist. As his interest in art continued growing, besides painting he has been also sculpting, making ceramics, wood carvings, and wood burnings. When he discovered that impressionists have not fully exhausted all their artistic possibilities, his painting techniques gradually gravitated toward [pointillism](/wiki/Pointillism \"Pointillism\") and [neo\\-impressionism](/wiki/Neo-impressionism \"Neo-impressionism\"). Besides initial hounding faces and figurative scenes associated with Holocaust, Judaism, and Jewish mystical teachings [Kabbalah](/wiki/Kabbalah \"Kabbalah\"), he also added fishing scenes, musicians, horses, still\\-life, and landscapes. College courses as well as directions from his mentor Meyer Lieberman were a great help in developing his artistic skills.", "His art was exhibited in many solo and group shows. Galleries, museums, schools, and colleges as well as cultural, scientific, religious, and public institutions were interested in both his presentations and exhibitions. During the last decades, solo exhibitions of his art were held numerous times in New York State, New Jersey, Canada, his native Slovakia, Prague, Art Society of Kingston, HCT, Gallery SEVEN21, and many others. His last art exhibitions took place in his Slovak birthplace Dolny Kubin (2019\\)and at New Paltz NY Gallery UNISON in 2022\\.", "In 1997 American art historian Matthew Baigell included his biography and reproduction of his painting in his book \"Jewish\\-American artists and the Holocaust\". In 2008 Canadian drama director Valeria Thothova used his paintings in her book \"Shalom\" issued in Canada.{{Cite book \\\|last\\=Tóthová \\\|first\\=Valéria \\\|title\\=Shalom \\\|year\\=2008 \\\|location\\=Toronto, Canada \\\|oclc\\=236054282}} His achievements were described in dozens of media reports published in several countries. A documentary movie titled \"TIBOR SPITZ \\- Portraits of successful Slovaks abroad\" (2015\\) was shown in both Slovakia, Canada, and Slovak Television. In 2022 he was participating in a documentary film purchased by PBS and broadcast on 350 PBS TV channels in the US and also in Canada and Europe. Title, \"WE REMEMBER \\- Songs of survivors\" (April 2022\\). In 2021 Noemi \\& Tibor Spitz published a small edition biographical book.", "" ]
Plot ---- In the year 1965, with the post\-WWII era now in the past, police crack down on the criminal organizations which had thrived during that turbulent era and numerous gangs are disbanded. Amid these conditions, 30\-year\-old Kensaku Gunji becomes the 4th head of the Hamayasu family operating in a small corner of the [Port of Yokohama](/wiki/Port_of_Yokohama "Port of Yokohama") as a replacement for the acting head Tetsuji Kuroki, who is in prison. The Hamayasu member Onuma is arrested under the Port Labor Act and shipping work comes to a standstill. Onuma's wife asks for help but it is Onuma's third arrest and it will be difficult. Iwakiri, the head of his own organization, asks whether Gunji wishes to get out of the shipping business and suggests grabbing part of the warehousing rights to a huge new factory complex of Oriental Heavy Industries. To do so, Gunji will have to clear out the people living in slums on the land where the factory complex will be built. Gunji refuses to clear out the slums where he was raised but is told that if he does not, the Daimon organization from Tokyo will do it. Gunji agrees but asks Kasama Tsutomu to resign so that Kasama will not have to evict the elderly from the slum where his parents live. Kasama refuses to quit and pledges to take charge of the eviction. When Gunji attempts to talk with the people living in the slum, they become agitated and throw various objects, including a dead cat, at the Hamayasu. Kasama's father angrily criticizes him for joining the yakuza and now evicting them and his mother screams that she should have killed him at birth. A fistfight ensues but the Hamayasu are stopped by Hayami, an old friend of Gunji who abandoned the slum 12 years earlier to become a boxer but has now returned to defend it, taking refuge in a small boat dubbed the SS Black Dragon. Hayami is visited by Joe, a promising rookie boxer whose eye was injured in his last match but who escaped from the hospital because he could not afford to have his eye fixed. Hayami refuses to allow Joe to quit boxing and become a hustler, instead promising to get Joe the operation he needs so that Joe can live out the dreams Hayami lost when he himself had an eye injury. The next morning the Hamayasu and Iwakiri gangs arrive together to destroy the livestock held in the slum and attack its inhabitants. Unable to go to the police due to their illegal [squatting](/wiki/Squatting "Squatting") on the land, they barricade themselves inside the slum, which gives them defense but cuts them off from income. Three miners from [Kyushu](/wiki/Kyushu "Kyushu") arrive in an attempt to pass themselves off as inhabitants of the slum and thereby collect the payment for leaving offered by Daimon Construction. Tetsuji Kuroki is released from prison and returns to the Hamayasu. He visits a former lover who is now working as a waitress in a bar. She confesses that she has waited five years for him but he is resistant to letting her get involved with him again. Hayama accepts money from the Daimon organization and allows them into the slum to pressure one of the families into selling by force. The next morning Kasama, Ozaki, and other members of the Hamayasu see Daimon soldiers arriving at the slum and attempt to stop them but are shown the deed of sale and beaten up after resisting. Gunji receives a letter or resignation from Kasama with his severed pinky finger in it as an apology. Kasama invades the Daimon Construction office to kill their boss Daimon himself but when he is captured he commits suicide by biting off his own tongue. The brutal bespectacled Daimon enforcer Katagiri tells Gunji to come alone to collect Kasama. Gunji shows them the letter and pinky to prove that Kasama acted on his own during the attack. The Daimon demand a 50% share of the warehousing rights to overlook the attack just as Kuroki arrives and fights them off, telling them that there will be blood spilled if they do not stop. Kasama's parents later come to collect the body from a tearful Gunji. The next morning their bodies are found hanging in their home after an apparent suicide. Two of the Kyushu miners flee out of fear but their leader, who is actually from [Tokyo](/wiki/Tokyo "Tokyo"), remains in order to fight the yakuza. Joe figures out that Hayami is collaborating with the Daimon and asks him to stop but Hayami refuses because he still needs more money for Joe's operation. Iwakiri visits the Daimon Construction office and offers to split the warehousing rights 50/50\. Daimon soldiers kill the remaining miner and run over Joe with their cars during the escape, killing him. Hayami holds Joe as he dies and the other two miners return and cry over the body of their fallen friend. Hayami enters the Daimon Construction office and accuses them of the attack but they deny it. Hayami returns the money he has received and tells them that the deal is off. The Daimon organization leads the slum dwellers to believe that the attack was by the Hamayasu and the slum dwellers attack the Hamayasu at their office in the Port of Yokohama. The tables are turned as the Hamayasu barricade themselves inside their office but the attackers set fire to the barricade to force them out. During the ensuing melee, Iwakiri soldiers sneak in and stab one of the miners to death. The police arrive and arrest all of the members of the Hamayasu for the stabbing. Hayami watches his old friend Gunji being driven away by the police. Kuroki reads about the arrest in the newspaper and visits Iwakiri, who insists that the members of his gang who were working with the Hamayasu had already left before the fight occurred. Daimon and Katagiri arrive during their meeting and Kuroki realizes that the two groups are working together. Kuroki swears to Iwakiri that Iwakiri will never get the warehousing rights. As he is leaving he is stabbed in the back but he manages to take vengeance by killing Iwakiri before being shot to death. He collapses to the floor with his final thoughts being of the waitress. The Daimon gang then shoots the rest of the Iwakiri gang to wrap things up. Daimon Construction brings in its [heavy machinery](/wiki/Heavy_machinery "Heavy machinery") to destroy the [shanties](/wiki/Shanty_town "Shanty town") in the slum. The waitress pays Gunji's [bail](/wiki/Bail "Bail") and they visit Kuroki's grave together. Hayami visits Gunji and they visit the destroyed slum, identifying the demolished SS Black Dragon. Realizing that they have been played like marionettes, they join together and attack the groundbreaking ceremony for the new factory complex. They stab Daimon to death but are then stabbed to death themselves by other members of the Daimon gang. The construction of the Oriental Heavy Industries factory complex is completed the following year. Japan's [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product "Gross domestic product") soon becomes the second\-largest in the world, exceeded only by that of the United States.	[ "Plot\n----", "In the year 1965, with the post\\-WWII era now in the past, police crack down on the criminal organizations which had thrived during that turbulent era and numerous gangs are disbanded. Amid these conditions, 30\\-year\\-old Kensaku Gunji becomes the 4th head of the Hamayasu family operating in a small corner of the [Port of Yokohama](/wiki/Port_of_Yokohama \"Port of Yokohama\") as a replacement for the acting head Tetsuji Kuroki, who is in prison.", "The Hamayasu member Onuma is arrested under the Port Labor Act and shipping work comes to a standstill. Onuma's wife asks for help but it is Onuma's third arrest and it will be difficult. Iwakiri, the head of his own organization, asks whether Gunji wishes to get out of the shipping business and suggests grabbing part of the warehousing rights to a huge new factory complex of Oriental Heavy Industries. To do so, Gunji will have to clear out the people living in slums on the land where the factory complex will be built. Gunji refuses to clear out the slums where he was raised but is told that if he does not, the Daimon organization from Tokyo will do it. Gunji agrees but asks Kasama Tsutomu to resign so that Kasama will not have to evict the elderly from the slum where his parents live. Kasama refuses to quit and pledges to take charge of the eviction.", "When Gunji attempts to talk with the people living in the slum, they become agitated and throw various objects, including a dead cat, at the Hamayasu. Kasama's father angrily criticizes him for joining the yakuza and now evicting them and his mother screams that she should have killed him at birth. A fistfight ensues but the Hamayasu are stopped by Hayami, an old friend of Gunji who abandoned the slum 12 years earlier to become a boxer but has now returned to defend it, taking refuge in a small boat dubbed the SS Black Dragon. Hayami is visited by Joe, a promising rookie boxer whose eye was injured in his last match but who escaped from the hospital because he could not afford to have his eye fixed. Hayami refuses to allow Joe to quit boxing and become a hustler, instead promising to get Joe the operation he needs so that Joe can live out the dreams Hayami lost when he himself had an eye injury.", "The next morning the Hamayasu and Iwakiri gangs arrive together to destroy the livestock held in the slum and attack its inhabitants. Unable to go to the police due to their illegal [squatting](/wiki/Squatting \"Squatting\") on the land, they barricade themselves inside the slum, which gives them defense but cuts them off from income. Three miners from [Kyushu](/wiki/Kyushu \"Kyushu\") arrive in an attempt to pass themselves off as inhabitants of the slum and thereby collect the payment for leaving offered by Daimon Construction.", "Tetsuji Kuroki is released from prison and returns to the Hamayasu. He visits a former lover who is now working as a waitress in a bar. She confesses that she has waited five years for him but he is resistant to letting her get involved with him again.", "Hayama accepts money from the Daimon organization and allows them into the slum to pressure one of the families into selling by force. The next morning Kasama, Ozaki, and other members of the Hamayasu see Daimon soldiers arriving at the slum and attempt to stop them but are shown the deed of sale and beaten up after resisting. Gunji receives a letter or resignation from Kasama with his severed pinky finger in it as an apology. Kasama invades the Daimon Construction office to kill their boss Daimon himself but when he is captured he commits suicide by biting off his own tongue. The brutal bespectacled Daimon enforcer Katagiri tells Gunji to come alone to collect Kasama. Gunji shows them the letter and pinky to prove that Kasama acted on his own during the attack. The Daimon demand a 50% share of the warehousing rights to overlook the attack just as Kuroki arrives and fights them off, telling them that there will be blood spilled if they do not stop. Kasama's parents later come to collect the body from a tearful Gunji. The next morning their bodies are found hanging in their home after an apparent suicide. Two of the Kyushu miners flee out of fear but their leader, who is actually from [Tokyo](/wiki/Tokyo \"Tokyo\"), remains in order to fight the yakuza.", "Joe figures out that Hayami is collaborating with the Daimon and asks him to stop but Hayami refuses because he still needs more money for Joe's operation. Iwakiri visits the Daimon Construction office and offers to split the warehousing rights 50/50\\. Daimon soldiers kill the remaining miner and run over Joe with their cars during the escape, killing him. Hayami holds Joe as he dies and the other two miners return and cry over the body of their fallen friend. Hayami enters the Daimon Construction office and accuses them of the attack but they deny it. Hayami returns the money he has received and tells them that the deal is off.", "The Daimon organization leads the slum dwellers to believe that the attack was by the Hamayasu and the slum dwellers attack the Hamayasu at their office in the Port of Yokohama. The tables are turned as the Hamayasu barricade themselves inside their office but the attackers set fire to the barricade to force them out. During the ensuing melee, Iwakiri soldiers sneak in and stab one of the miners to death. The police arrive and arrest all of the members of the Hamayasu for the stabbing. Hayami watches his old friend Gunji being driven away by the police. Kuroki reads about the arrest in the newspaper and visits Iwakiri, who insists that the members of his gang who were working with the Hamayasu had already left before the fight occurred. Daimon and Katagiri arrive during their meeting and Kuroki realizes that the two groups are working together. Kuroki swears to Iwakiri that Iwakiri will never get the warehousing rights. As he is leaving he is stabbed in the back but he manages to take vengeance by killing Iwakiri before being shot to death. He collapses to the floor with his final thoughts being of the waitress. The Daimon gang then shoots the rest of the Iwakiri gang to wrap things up.", "Daimon Construction brings in its [heavy machinery](/wiki/Heavy_machinery \"Heavy machinery\") to destroy the [shanties](/wiki/Shanty_town \"Shanty town\") in the slum. The waitress pays Gunji's [bail](/wiki/Bail \"Bail\") and they visit Kuroki's grave together. Hayami visits Gunji and they visit the destroyed slum, identifying the demolished SS Black Dragon. Realizing that they have been played like marionettes, they join together and attack the groundbreaking ceremony for the new factory complex. They stab Daimon to death but are then stabbed to death themselves by other members of the Daimon gang. The construction of the Oriental Heavy Industries factory complex is completed the following year. Japan's [gross domestic product](/wiki/Gross_domestic_product \"Gross domestic product\") soon becomes the second\\-largest in the world, exceeded only by that of the United States.", "" ]
Career ------ ### Karting Born in [Oxford](/wiki/Oxford "Oxford"), England, Rossiter started his motor racing career in karting at the age of 14\. Competing in TKM and Rotax Max karts, he stepped up to single\-seater competition after three years, testing a [Formula Palmer Audi](/wiki/Formula_Palmer_Audi "Formula Palmer Audi") at the [Bedford Autodrome](/wiki/Bedford_Autodrome "Bedford Autodrome") in 2001\. ### Formula Renault and Formula 3 Rossiter took the first steps in his professional career in 2002 by joining Falcon Motorsport to compete in the [Formula Renault UK](/wiki/2002_Formula_Renault_2.0_UK_Championship "2002 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship") championship. Securing a best finish of fourth at [Thruxton](/wiki/Thruxton_Circuit "Thruxton Circuit"), he finished 13th in the drivers’ standings with 103 points but returned for the [2003 season](/wiki/2003_Formula_Renault_2.0_UK_Championship "2003 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship"), switching to [Fortec Motorsport](/wiki/Fortec_Motorsport "Fortec Motorsport"). Hitting his competitive stride immediately, Rossiter finished third behind [Mike Conway](/wiki/Mike_Conway "Mike Conway") and [Lewis Hamilton](/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton "Lewis Hamilton") at the season opener at [Snetterton](/wiki/Snetterton_Circuit "Snetterton Circuit") and scored a further nine podiums, including one win, over the remainder of the season. He finished third overall behind Hamilton and [Alex Lloyd](/wiki/Alex_Lloyd "Alex Lloyd") and was recognised by a leading journalist as "the only driver to take the fight to Lewis Hamilton". In 2004, Rossiter continued his relationship with Fortec Motorsport but graduated to the [British Formula 3](/wiki/2004_British_Formula_3_International_Series "2004 British Formula 3 International Series") championship.{{cite web \\|title\=James Rossiter signs Fortec F3 deal \\|url\=https://au.motorsport.com/bf3/news/james\-rossiter\-signs\-fortec\-f3\-deal/1113182/ \\|website\=au.motorsport.com \\|date\=16 February 2004 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} He scored three victories and 12 podiums during the season to finish third in the drivers’ championship behind [Nelson Piquet Jr.](/wiki/Nelson_Piquet_Jr. "Nelson Piquet Jr.") and [Adam Carroll](/wiki/Adam_Carroll_%28racing_driver%29 "Adam Carroll (racing driver)"), while also receiving the Rookie of the Year Award.{{cite web \\|title\=Brands Hatch: Race one summary, champion crowned \\|url\=https://us.motorsport.com/bf3/news/brands\-hatch\-race\-one\-summary\-champion\-crowned/1179048/?nrt\=23 \\|website\=us.motorsport.com \\| date\=3 October 2004 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} With further performances at the [Macau Grand Prix](/wiki/Macau_Grand_Prix "Macau Grand Prix") and [Masters of Formula 3](/wiki/Masters_of_Formula_3 "Masters of Formula 3") events in 2004, Rossiter received the [BRDC](/wiki/British_Racing_Drivers%27_Club "British Racing Drivers' Club") John Cooper Award and was selected as the winner of the [BAR](/wiki/British_American_Racing "British American Racing") young F1 driver search from a group of upcoming racing drivers.{{cite web \\|title\=BRDC rewards Button and Richards \\|url\=https://www.grandprix.com/news/brdc\-rewards\-button\-and\-richards.html \\|website\=grandprix.com \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} In 2005, Rossiter graduated to international competition, racing in the [Formula 3 Euro Series](/wiki/2005_Formula_3_Euro_Series "2005 Formula 3 Euro Series") for [Signature\-Plus](/wiki/Signatech "Signatech"). He finished the season in seventh in the drivers’ championship with one win and three podiums before switching to [Formula Renault 3\.5](/wiki/2006_Formula_Renault_3.5_Series "2006 Formula Renault 3.5 Series") for 2006, in which he was 14th. ### Formula One After being selected as the winner of the BAR young F1 driver search in 2004, Rossiter continued to perform development work for the team throughout the [2005 season](/wiki/2005_Formula_One_World_Championship "2005 Formula One World Championship").{{cite web \\|last1\=van der Merwe \\|first1\=Alan \\|title\=Carroll fastest of the BAR young guns. \\|url\=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/51130/1/carroll\-fastest\-of\-the\-bar\-young\-guns \\|website\=crash.net \\|date\=5 February 2005 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} He was retained for [2006](/wiki/2006_Formula_One_World_Championship "2006 Formula One World Championship") following [Honda's](/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One "Honda in Formula One") acquisition of the team and in [2007](/wiki/2007_Formula_One_World_Championship "2007 Formula One World Championship"), worked primarily with the [Super Aguri F1](/wiki/Super_Aguri_F1 "Super Aguri F1") team, spearheaded by [Aguri Suzuki](/wiki/Aguri_Suzuki "Aguri Suzuki") and [Mark Preston](/wiki/Mark_Preston_%28businessman%29 "Mark Preston (businessman)").{{cite web \\|last1\=Duffy \\|first1\=David \\|title\=Rossiter named as Honda test driver \\|url\=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1022925\.rossiter\-named\-honda\-test\-driver/ \\|website\=oxfordmail.co.uk\\|date\=16 November 2006 }}{{cite web \\|last1\=Duffy \\|first1\=David \\|title\=Rossiter joins Super Aguri \\|url\=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1398115\.rossiter\-joins\-super\-aguri/ \\|website\=oxfordmail.co.uk \\|date\=16 May 2007 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} In [2008](/wiki/2008_Formula_One_World_Championship "2008 Formula One World Championship"), Rossiter was again retained by Honda as the team's primary test and development driver for its Formula One program. Working in Japan, he played a key role in the development of the Honda RA109 which would become [Jenson Button](/wiki/Jenson_Button "Jenson Button")'s world championship\-winning [Brawn BGP 001](/wiki/Brawn_BGP_001 "Brawn BGP 001") in [2009](/wiki/2009_Formula_One_World_Championship "2009 Formula One World Championship"). Following Honda's withdrawal from Formula One, Rossiter focussed on securing a drive with one of four new teams entering the sport for the [2010 season](/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship "2010 Formula One World Championship"). He was signed by the [US F1 Team](/wiki/US_F1_Team "US F1 Team") to partner [José María López](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez "José María López") but was not officially confirmed prior to the team's collapse.{{cite web \\|title\=USF1 had actually signed two drivers \\|url\=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/157315/1/usf1\-had\-actually\-signed\-two\-drivers\-reports\-suggest \\|website\=crash.net \\|date\=March 2010 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}}Cooper, Adam. [USF1 Had Signed Rossiter As Well As Lopez](http://formula-one.speedtv.com/article/f1-usf1-had-signed-rossiter-as-well-as-lopez/) {{webarchive\\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303064224/http://formula\-one.speedtv.com/article/f1\-usf1\-had\-signed\-rossiter\-as\-well\-as\-lopez/ \\|date\=3 March 2010 }}, Speed Channel, 1 March 2010, Retrieved 1 March 2010 Rossiter was instead poised to join the [IndyCar Series](/wiki/IndyCar_Series "IndyCar Series"), driving for [KV Racing Technology](/wiki/KV_Racing_Technology "KV Racing Technology") after testing for the team at [Barber Motorsports Park](/wiki/Barber_Motorsports_Park "Barber Motorsports Park") although the team re\-signed [Mario Moraes](/wiki/Mario_Moraes "Mario Moraes"), which left him without a drive. He subsequently joined [Sky Sports](/wiki/Sky_Sports "Sky Sports") as a commentator for their IndyCar coverage.{{cite web \\|last1\=Watkins \\|first1\=Gary \\|title\=Autoweek.com \\|url\=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/indycar/a1993366/indycar\-lotus\-driver\-james\-rossiter\-eyes\-race\-seat\-kv\-racing\-technology/ \\|website\=IndyCar: Lotus driver James Rossiter eyes race seat at KV Racing Technology \\|date\=11 January 2011 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} After three years away from Formula One, Rossiter returned in 2012 by joining [Force India](/wiki/Force_India "Force India") as a test and simulator driver. He drove the team's [2013](/wiki/2013_Formula_One_World_Championship "2013 Formula One World Championship") car, the [VJM06](/wiki/Force_India_VJM06 "Force India VJM06"), at the first pre\-season test at [Jerez](/wiki/Jerez "Jerez") and was set to make his first practice appearance at the [British Grand Prix](/wiki/2013_British_Grand_Prix "2013 British Grand Prix") to replace [Adrian Sutil](/wiki/Adrian_Sutil "Adrian Sutil"), although this was cancelled due to wet weather.{{cite web \\|title\=ROSSITER MISSES OUT ON PRACTICE CHANCE \\|url\=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/formula\-1/rossiter\-misses\-out\-on\-practice\-chance\_sto3820393/story.shtml \\|website\=eurosport.com \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} ### Super GT and Super Formula [thumbnail\\|right\\|Rossiter during qualifying at [Motegi](/wiki/Twin_Ring_Motegi "Twin Ring Motegi") in [2014](/wiki/2014_Super_Formula_season "2014 Super Formula season").](/wiki/File:James_Rossiter_2014_Super_Formula_Motegi_Q2.jpg "James Rossiter 2014 Super Formula Motegi Q2.jpg") In 2013, Rossiter joined [TOM'S](/wiki/TOM%27S "TOM'S") to race full\-time in the [Super GT](/wiki/2013_Super_GT_Series "2013 Super GT Series") championship. As team\-mate to ex\-F1 driver [Kazuki Nakajima](/wiki/Kazuki_Nakajima "Kazuki Nakajima"), he won the second race of the season at [Fuji](/wiki/Fuji_Speedway "Fuji Speedway") and the penultimate race at [Autopolis](/wiki/Autopolis "Autopolis"). He finished third in the standings, nine points behind champions [Kohei Hirate](/wiki/Kohei_Hirate "Kohei Hirate") and [Yuji Tachikawa](/wiki/Yuji_Tachikawa "Yuji Tachikawa") and also ran a part\-time campaign in [Super Formula](/wiki/2013_Super_Formula_Championship "2013 Super Formula Championship"), taking a best result of sixth. Rossiter ran full\-time in both Super GT and Super Formula in 2014 with TOM'S and [Kondō Racing](/wiki/Masahiko_Kond%C5%8D "Masahiko Kondō"). He finished third in Super GT with a pair of wins at [Suzuka](/wiki/Suzuka_International_Racing_Course "Suzuka International Racing Course") and [Buriam](/wiki/Chang_International_Circuit "Chang International Circuit") and took a best finish of second at Super Formula's season opener and was sixth in the standings. He continued his dual racing program throughout 2015 and 2016 and scored one win and four podiums with TOM'S in Super GT before racing solely in the series in [2017](/wiki/2017_Super_GT_Series "2017 Super GT Series") after leaving Kondō Racing. He secured his final win in the series at Autopolis and finished fifth in the championship. In 2018, Rossiter ran full\-time in Super Formula with TOM'S and part\-time in Super GT. He switched to [Team Impul](/wiki/Team_Impul "Team Impul") to race solely in Super GT in [2019](/wiki/2019_Super_GT_Series "2019 Super GT Series") and scored his final podium at [Okayama](/wiki/Okayama_International_Circuit "Okayama International Circuit") by finishing third. ### World Endurance Championship Before joining the [FIA World Endurance Championship](/wiki/FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "FIA World Endurance Championship"), Rossiter took his first steps in sportscar racing in [2008](/wiki/2008_American_Le_Mans_Series "2008 American Le Mans Series") by competing part\-time in the [American Le Mans Series](/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series "American Le Mans Series") with [Andretti Green Racing](/wiki/Andretti_Autosport "Andretti Autosport"). He won alongside team\-mate [Franck Montagny](/wiki/Franck_Montagny "Franck Montagny") at [Belle Isle](/wiki/Detroit_Grand_Prix_%28IndyCar%29 "Detroit Grand Prix (IndyCar)") and later raced at the [2011 24 Hours of Le Mans](/wiki/2011_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans "2011 24 Hours of Le Mans") with [Jetalliance Racing](/wiki/Jetalliance_Racing "Jetalliance Racing"), driving a [Lotus Evora](/wiki/Lotus_Evora "Lotus Evora"). In [2012](/wiki/2012_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "2012 FIA World Endurance Championship"), he joined [Lotus](/wiki/ByKolles_Racing "ByKolles Racing") in the World Endurance Championship's LMP2 class. He secured a best finish of ninth at [Bahrain](/wiki/Bahrain_International_Circuit "Bahrain International Circuit") and started from pole position at [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai_International_Circuit "Shanghai International Circuit"). He continued to drive for the team part\-time in [2013](/wiki/2013_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "2013 FIA World Endurance Championship") and [2014](/wiki/2014_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "2014 FIA World Endurance Championship"). Rossiter rejoined the ByKolles operation in [2016](/wiki/2016_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "2016 FIA World Endurance Championship") and ran part\-time over the next three seasons, making six appearances in LMP1 alongside one LMP2 start for [G\-Drive Racing](/wiki/TDS_Racing "TDS Racing") in [2017](/wiki/2017_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship "2017 FIA World Endurance Championship").{{cite web \\|title\=James Rossiter returns to ByKolles LMP1 squad for two WEC rounds \\|url\=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/james\-rossiter\-returns\-to\-bykolles\-lmp1\-squad\-for\-two\-wec\-rounds\-4991612/4991612/ \\|website\=Autosport.com \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} On 8 February 2021, Rossiter was named as the simulator and reserve driver for [Peugeot Sport](/wiki/Peugeot_Sport "Peugeot Sport")'s return to the World Endurance Championship in the Hypercar class. He was later promoted to a full\-time race seat following [Kevin Magnussen](/wiki/Kevin_Magnussen "Kevin Magnussen")'s return to Formula One with [Haas](/wiki/Haas_F1_Team "Haas F1 Team") in 2022\.{{cite web \\|last1\=Thural \\|first1\=Rachit \\|title\=Peugeot reveals final 9X8 WEC Hypercar, Rossiter in for Monza \\|url\=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/peugeot\-reveals\-final\-livery\-for\-9x8\-wec\-hypercar/10307420/ \\|website\=Autosport.com \\|date\=20 May 2022 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} Rossiter finished fourth on the [Peugeot 9X8](/wiki/Peugeot_9X8 "Peugeot 9X8")'s debut at [Monza](/wiki/Monza_Circuit "Monza Circuit") and finished fifth at Fuji. On 7 October 2022, Rossiter confirmed his departure from Peugeot and announced his retirement from professional competition to join [Maserati MSG Racing](/wiki/Maserati_MSG_Racing "Maserati MSG Racing") in [Formula E](/wiki/Formula_E "Formula E") as team principal.{{cite web \\|last1\=Golding \\|first1\=Nick \\|title\=Maserati MSG Racing Announce James Rossiter as Team Principal \\|url\=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/10/maserati\-msg\-racing\-announce\-james\-rossiter\-as\-team\-principal/ \\|website\=thecheckeredflag.co.uk \\|date\=7 October 2022 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} ### Formula E In 2017, Rossiter represented [Venturi Racing](/wiki/Venturi_Racing "Venturi Racing") at [Formula E](/wiki/Formula_E "Formula E") pre\-season testing at the [Circuit Ricardo Tormo](/wiki/Circuit_Ricardo_Tormo "Circuit Ricardo Tormo") in Valencia, Spain, alongside [Edoardo Mortara](/wiki/Edoardo_Mortara "Edoardo Mortara"), [Maro Engel](/wiki/Maro_Engel "Maro Engel") and Michael Benyahia.{{cite web \\|last1\=Smith \\|first1\=Luke \\|title\=Mortara joins Venturi for Formula E season four \\|url\=https://www.crash.net/fe/news/885219/1/mortara\-joins\-venturi\-for\-formula\-e\-season\-four \\|website\=crash.net \\|date\=20 October 2017 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} #### DS Techeetah After missing out on a drive for the [2017–18 season](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Formula_E_Championship "2017–18 Formula E Championship"), Rossiter reunited with former Super Aguri technical director, Mark Preston, to drive for [DS Techeetah](/wiki/DS_Techeetah "DS Techeetah") in Formula E's first rookie test, at which he set the fifth\-fastest time. Rossiter was named as Techeetah's development driver for the [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Formula_E_Championship "2018–19 Formula E Championship") season and, working with [DS Automobiles](/wiki/DS_Automobiles "DS Automobiles"), played a key role in the development of the team's championship\-winning DS E\-TENSE FE19 package.{{cite web \\|title\=TECHEETAH Formula E Announces James Rossiter as Development Driver \\|url\=https://www.dstecheetah.com/news/techeetah\-formula\-e\-announces\-james\-rossiter\-as\-development\-driver/ \\|website\=dstecheetah.com \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} He returned to the cockpit for Formula E's 2019 rookie test and set the second\-fastest time behind [Nico Müller](/wiki/Nico_M%C3%BCller "Nico Müller").{{cite web \\|last1\=Kalinauckas \\|first1\=Alex \\|title\=Muller tops Marrakesh Formula E test for Audi \\|url\=https://www.motorsport.com/formula\-e/news/marrakesh\-test\-report\-muller\-audi/4323399/ \\|website\=Motorsport.com \\|date\=13 January 2019 \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} Following Formula E's fifth season, Rossiter became Techeetah's reserve driver and was also appointed to the role of sporting director after the departure of predecessor [Pedro de la Rosa](/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Rosa "Pedro de la Rosa"). At the [2020 Marrakesh ePrix](/wiki/2020_Marrakesh_ePrix "2020 Marrakesh ePrix"), Rossiter replaced full\-time driver [Jean\-Éric Vergne](/wiki/Jean-%C3%89ric_Vergne "Jean-Éric Vergne") for FP1, when the reigning champion was feeling unwell.{{cite web \\|last1\=Fry \\|first1\=Frances \\|title\=ROSSITER SITS IN FOR VERGNE IN MARRAKESH FP1 \\|url\=https://www.e\-racing.net/2020/02/28/rossiter\-sits\-in\-for\-vergne\-in\-marrakesh\-fp1/ \\|website\=e\-racing.net \\|access\-date\=11 October 2022}} The team went on to win both the drivers’ and teams’ Championships in the [2019–20 season](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Formula_E_Championship "2019–20 Formula E Championship"). Rossiter remained in the position of reserve driver and sporting director throughout the [2020/21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Formula_E_World_Championship "2020–21 Formula E World Championship") and [2021/22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Formula_E_World_Championship "2021–22 Formula E World Championship") campaigns before leaving the team. #### Maserati MSG Racing On 7 October 2022, Rossiter joined [Maserati MSG Racing](/wiki/Venturi_Racing "Venturi Racing") as team principal following the departure of former team boss [Jérôme d'Ambrosio](/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio "Jérôme d'Ambrosio") and confirmed his retirement from professional driving.{{Cite web\\|title\=Maserati MSG Racing announces James Rossiter as team principal\\|date\=7 October 2022\\|url\=https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/2022/october/maserati\-team\-principal\-rossiter\\|access\-date\=18 October 2022\\|website\=\[\[FIA Formula E]]\\|language\=en}} Under Rossiter's leadership, the [Maserati](/wiki/Maserati "Maserati") brand scored its first world championship single\-seater pole position, podium and victory since racing in [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") in [1957](/wiki/1957_Formula_One_season "1957 Formula One season").{{cite web \\|title\=Max scores Maserati's first single\-seater victory since 1957 \\|url\=https://www.maseratimsgracing.com/news/max\-scores\-maseratis\-first\-single\-seater\-victory\-since\-1957\-formula\-1\-german\-grand\-prix\-maserati\-msg\-racing\-fia\-formula\-e\-world\-championship\-maximilian\-gunther\-edoardo\-mortara\-james\-rossiter \\|website\=maseratimsgracing.com \\|access\-date\=18 August 2023}} Rossiter's role as Maserati team principal ended in October 2023\.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.the\-race.com/formula\-e/maserati\-formula\-e\-team\-boss\-rossiter\-in\-shock\-pre\-season\-exit/ \\|title\=Shock Pre\-Season Exit For Maserati Formula E Team Boss Rossiter \\|last\=Smith \\|first\=Sam \\|date\=16 October 2023 \\|website\=the\-race.com \\|publisher\= \\|access\-date\=14 January 2024 \\|quote\=}}	[ "Career\n------", "### Karting", "Born in [Oxford](/wiki/Oxford \"Oxford\"), England, Rossiter started his motor racing career in karting at the age of 14\\. Competing in TKM and Rotax Max karts, he stepped up to single\\-seater competition after three years, testing a [Formula Palmer Audi](/wiki/Formula_Palmer_Audi \"Formula Palmer Audi\") at the [Bedford Autodrome](/wiki/Bedford_Autodrome \"Bedford Autodrome\") in 2001\\.", "### Formula Renault and Formula 3", "Rossiter took the first steps in his professional career in 2002 by joining Falcon Motorsport to compete in the [Formula Renault UK](/wiki/2002_Formula_Renault_2.0_UK_Championship \"2002 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship\") championship. Securing a best finish of fourth at [Thruxton](/wiki/Thruxton_Circuit \"Thruxton Circuit\"), he finished 13th in the drivers’ standings with 103 points but returned for the [2003 season](/wiki/2003_Formula_Renault_2.0_UK_Championship \"2003 Formula Renault 2.0 UK Championship\"), switching to [Fortec Motorsport](/wiki/Fortec_Motorsport \"Fortec Motorsport\").", "Hitting his competitive stride immediately, Rossiter finished third behind [Mike Conway](/wiki/Mike_Conway \"Mike Conway\") and [Lewis Hamilton](/wiki/Lewis_Hamilton \"Lewis Hamilton\") at the season opener at [Snetterton](/wiki/Snetterton_Circuit \"Snetterton Circuit\") and scored a further nine podiums, including one win, over the remainder of the season. He finished third overall behind Hamilton and [Alex Lloyd](/wiki/Alex_Lloyd \"Alex Lloyd\") and was recognised by a leading journalist as \"the only driver to take the fight to Lewis Hamilton\".", "In 2004, Rossiter continued his relationship with Fortec Motorsport but graduated to the [British Formula 3](/wiki/2004_British_Formula_3_International_Series \"2004 British Formula 3 International Series\") championship.{{cite web \\\|title\\=James Rossiter signs Fortec F3 deal \\\|url\\=https://au.motorsport.com/bf3/news/james\\-rossiter\\-signs\\-fortec\\-f3\\-deal/1113182/ \\\|website\\=au.motorsport.com \\\|date\\=16 February 2004 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}} He scored three victories and 12 podiums during the season to finish third in the drivers’ championship behind [Nelson Piquet Jr.](/wiki/Nelson_Piquet_Jr. \"Nelson Piquet Jr.\") and [Adam Carroll](/wiki/Adam_Carroll_%28racing_driver%29 \"Adam Carroll (racing driver)\"), while also receiving the Rookie of the Year Award.{{cite web \\\|title\\=Brands Hatch: Race one summary, champion crowned \\\|url\\=https://us.motorsport.com/bf3/news/brands\\-hatch\\-race\\-one\\-summary\\-champion\\-crowned/1179048/?nrt\\=23 \\\|website\\=us.motorsport.com \\\| date\\=3 October 2004 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "With further performances at the [Macau Grand Prix](/wiki/Macau_Grand_Prix \"Macau Grand Prix\") and [Masters of Formula 3](/wiki/Masters_of_Formula_3 \"Masters of Formula 3\") events in 2004, Rossiter received the [BRDC](/wiki/British_Racing_Drivers%27_Club \"British Racing Drivers' Club\") John Cooper Award and was selected as the winner of the [BAR](/wiki/British_American_Racing \"British American Racing\") young F1 driver search from a group of upcoming racing drivers.{{cite web \\\|title\\=BRDC rewards Button and Richards \\\|url\\=https://www.grandprix.com/news/brdc\\-rewards\\-button\\-and\\-richards.html \\\|website\\=grandprix.com \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "In 2005, Rossiter graduated to international competition, racing in the [Formula 3 Euro Series](/wiki/2005_Formula_3_Euro_Series \"2005 Formula 3 Euro Series\") for [Signature\\-Plus](/wiki/Signatech \"Signatech\"). He finished the season in seventh in the drivers’ championship with one win and three podiums before switching to [Formula Renault 3\\.5](/wiki/2006_Formula_Renault_3.5_Series \"2006 Formula Renault 3.5 Series\") for 2006, in which he was 14th.", "### Formula One", "After being selected as the winner of the BAR young F1 driver search in 2004, Rossiter continued to perform development work for the team throughout the [2005 season](/wiki/2005_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2005 Formula One World Championship\").{{cite web \\\|last1\\=van der Merwe \\\|first1\\=Alan \\\|title\\=Carroll fastest of the BAR young guns. \\\|url\\=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/51130/1/carroll\\-fastest\\-of\\-the\\-bar\\-young\\-guns \\\|website\\=crash.net \\\|date\\=5 February 2005 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}} He was retained for [2006](/wiki/2006_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2006 Formula One World Championship\") following [Honda's](/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One \"Honda in Formula One\") acquisition of the team and in [2007](/wiki/2007_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2007 Formula One World Championship\"), worked primarily with the [Super Aguri F1](/wiki/Super_Aguri_F1 \"Super Aguri F1\") team, spearheaded by [Aguri Suzuki](/wiki/Aguri_Suzuki \"Aguri Suzuki\") and [Mark Preston](/wiki/Mark_Preston_%28businessman%29 \"Mark Preston (businessman)\").{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Duffy \\\|first1\\=David \\\|title\\=Rossiter named as Honda test driver \\\|url\\=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1022925\\.rossiter\\-named\\-honda\\-test\\-driver/ \\\|website\\=oxfordmail.co.uk\\\|date\\=16 November 2006 }}{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Duffy \\\|first1\\=David \\\|title\\=Rossiter joins Super Aguri \\\|url\\=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/1398115\\.rossiter\\-joins\\-super\\-aguri/ \\\|website\\=oxfordmail.co.uk \\\|date\\=16 May 2007 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "In [2008](/wiki/2008_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2008 Formula One World Championship\"), Rossiter was again retained by Honda as the team's primary test and development driver for its Formula One program. Working in Japan, he played a key role in the development of the Honda RA109 which would become [Jenson Button](/wiki/Jenson_Button \"Jenson Button\")'s world championship\\-winning [Brawn BGP 001](/wiki/Brawn_BGP_001 \"Brawn BGP 001\") in [2009](/wiki/2009_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2009 Formula One World Championship\").", "Following Honda's withdrawal from Formula One, Rossiter focussed on securing a drive with one of four new teams entering the sport for the [2010 season](/wiki/2010_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2010 Formula One World Championship\"). He was signed by the [US F1 Team](/wiki/US_F1_Team \"US F1 Team\") to partner [José María López](/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez \"José María López\") but was not officially confirmed prior to the team's collapse.{{cite web \\\|title\\=USF1 had actually signed two drivers \\\|url\\=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/157315/1/usf1\\-had\\-actually\\-signed\\-two\\-drivers\\-reports\\-suggest \\\|website\\=crash.net \\\|date\\=March 2010 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}Cooper, Adam. [USF1 Had Signed Rossiter As Well As Lopez](http://formula-one.speedtv.com/article/f1-usf1-had-signed-rossiter-as-well-as-lopez/) {{webarchive\\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303064224/http://formula\\-one.speedtv.com/article/f1\\-usf1\\-had\\-signed\\-rossiter\\-as\\-well\\-as\\-lopez/ \\\|date\\=3 March 2010 }}, Speed Channel, 1 March 2010, Retrieved 1 March 2010", "Rossiter was instead poised to join the [IndyCar Series](/wiki/IndyCar_Series \"IndyCar Series\"), driving for [KV Racing Technology](/wiki/KV_Racing_Technology \"KV Racing Technology\") after testing for the team at [Barber Motorsports Park](/wiki/Barber_Motorsports_Park \"Barber Motorsports Park\") although the team re\\-signed [Mario Moraes](/wiki/Mario_Moraes \"Mario Moraes\"), which left him without a drive. He subsequently joined [Sky Sports](/wiki/Sky_Sports \"Sky Sports\") as a commentator for their IndyCar coverage.{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Watkins \\\|first1\\=Gary \\\|title\\=Autoweek.com \\\|url\\=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/indycar/a1993366/indycar\\-lotus\\-driver\\-james\\-rossiter\\-eyes\\-race\\-seat\\-kv\\-racing\\-technology/ \\\|website\\=IndyCar: Lotus driver James Rossiter eyes race seat at KV Racing Technology \\\|date\\=11 January 2011 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "After three years away from Formula One, Rossiter returned in 2012 by joining [Force India](/wiki/Force_India \"Force India\") as a test and simulator driver. He drove the team's [2013](/wiki/2013_Formula_One_World_Championship \"2013 Formula One World Championship\") car, the [VJM06](/wiki/Force_India_VJM06 \"Force India VJM06\"), at the first pre\\-season test at [Jerez](/wiki/Jerez \"Jerez\") and was set to make his first practice appearance at the [British Grand Prix](/wiki/2013_British_Grand_Prix \"2013 British Grand Prix\") to replace [Adrian Sutil](/wiki/Adrian_Sutil \"Adrian Sutil\"), although this was cancelled due to wet weather.{{cite web \\\|title\\=ROSSITER MISSES OUT ON PRACTICE CHANCE \\\|url\\=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/formula\\-1/rossiter\\-misses\\-out\\-on\\-practice\\-chance\\_sto3820393/story.shtml \\\|website\\=eurosport.com \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "### Super GT and Super Formula", "[thumbnail\\\|right\\\|Rossiter during qualifying at [Motegi](/wiki/Twin_Ring_Motegi \"Twin Ring Motegi\") in [2014](/wiki/2014_Super_Formula_season \"2014 Super Formula season\").](/wiki/File:James_Rossiter_2014_Super_Formula_Motegi_Q2.jpg \"James Rossiter 2014 Super Formula Motegi Q2.jpg\")\nIn 2013, Rossiter joined [TOM'S](/wiki/TOM%27S \"TOM'S\") to race full\\-time in the [Super GT](/wiki/2013_Super_GT_Series \"2013 Super GT Series\") championship. As team\\-mate to ex\\-F1 driver [Kazuki Nakajima](/wiki/Kazuki_Nakajima \"Kazuki Nakajima\"), he won the second race of the season at [Fuji](/wiki/Fuji_Speedway \"Fuji Speedway\") and the penultimate race at [Autopolis](/wiki/Autopolis \"Autopolis\"). He finished third in the standings, nine points behind champions [Kohei Hirate](/wiki/Kohei_Hirate \"Kohei Hirate\") and [Yuji Tachikawa](/wiki/Yuji_Tachikawa \"Yuji Tachikawa\") and also ran a part\\-time campaign in [Super Formula](/wiki/2013_Super_Formula_Championship \"2013 Super Formula Championship\"), taking a best result of sixth.", "Rossiter ran full\\-time in both Super GT and Super Formula in 2014 with TOM'S and [Kondō Racing](/wiki/Masahiko_Kond%C5%8D \"Masahiko Kondō\"). He finished third in Super GT with a pair of wins at [Suzuka](/wiki/Suzuka_International_Racing_Course \"Suzuka International Racing Course\") and [Buriam](/wiki/Chang_International_Circuit \"Chang International Circuit\") and took a best finish of second at Super Formula's season opener and was sixth in the standings.", "He continued his dual racing program throughout 2015 and 2016 and scored one win and four podiums with TOM'S in Super GT before racing solely in the series in [2017](/wiki/2017_Super_GT_Series \"2017 Super GT Series\") after leaving Kondō Racing. He secured his final win in the series at Autopolis and finished fifth in the championship.", "In 2018, Rossiter ran full\\-time in Super Formula with TOM'S and part\\-time in Super GT. He switched to [Team Impul](/wiki/Team_Impul \"Team Impul\") to race solely in Super GT in [2019](/wiki/2019_Super_GT_Series \"2019 Super GT Series\") and scored his final podium at [Okayama](/wiki/Okayama_International_Circuit \"Okayama International Circuit\") by finishing third.", "### World Endurance Championship", "Before joining the [FIA World Endurance Championship](/wiki/FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"FIA World Endurance Championship\"), Rossiter took his first steps in sportscar racing in [2008](/wiki/2008_American_Le_Mans_Series \"2008 American Le Mans Series\") by competing part\\-time in the [American Le Mans Series](/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series \"American Le Mans Series\") with [Andretti Green Racing](/wiki/Andretti_Autosport \"Andretti Autosport\"). He won alongside team\\-mate [Franck Montagny](/wiki/Franck_Montagny \"Franck Montagny\") at [Belle Isle](/wiki/Detroit_Grand_Prix_%28IndyCar%29 \"Detroit Grand Prix (IndyCar)\") and later raced at the [2011 24 Hours of Le Mans](/wiki/2011_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans \"2011 24 Hours of Le Mans\") with [Jetalliance Racing](/wiki/Jetalliance_Racing \"Jetalliance Racing\"), driving a [Lotus Evora](/wiki/Lotus_Evora \"Lotus Evora\").", "In [2012](/wiki/2012_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"2012 FIA World Endurance Championship\"), he joined [Lotus](/wiki/ByKolles_Racing \"ByKolles Racing\") in the World Endurance Championship's LMP2 class. He secured a best finish of ninth at [Bahrain](/wiki/Bahrain_International_Circuit \"Bahrain International Circuit\") and started from pole position at [Shanghai](/wiki/Shanghai_International_Circuit \"Shanghai International Circuit\"). He continued to drive for the team part\\-time in [2013](/wiki/2013_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"2013 FIA World Endurance Championship\") and [2014](/wiki/2014_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"2014 FIA World Endurance Championship\").", "Rossiter rejoined the ByKolles operation in [2016](/wiki/2016_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"2016 FIA World Endurance Championship\") and ran part\\-time over the next three seasons, making six appearances in LMP1 alongside one LMP2 start for [G\\-Drive Racing](/wiki/TDS_Racing \"TDS Racing\") in [2017](/wiki/2017_FIA_World_Endurance_Championship \"2017 FIA World Endurance Championship\").{{cite web \\\|title\\=James Rossiter returns to ByKolles LMP1 squad for two WEC rounds \\\|url\\=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/james\\-rossiter\\-returns\\-to\\-bykolles\\-lmp1\\-squad\\-for\\-two\\-wec\\-rounds\\-4991612/4991612/ \\\|website\\=Autosport.com \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "On 8 February 2021, Rossiter was named as the simulator and reserve driver for [Peugeot Sport](/wiki/Peugeot_Sport \"Peugeot Sport\")'s return to the World Endurance Championship in the Hypercar class. He was later promoted to a full\\-time race seat following [Kevin Magnussen](/wiki/Kevin_Magnussen \"Kevin Magnussen\")'s return to Formula One with [Haas](/wiki/Haas_F1_Team \"Haas F1 Team\") in 2022\\.{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Thural \\\|first1\\=Rachit \\\|title\\=Peugeot reveals final 9X8 WEC Hypercar, Rossiter in for Monza \\\|url\\=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/peugeot\\-reveals\\-final\\-livery\\-for\\-9x8\\-wec\\-hypercar/10307420/ \\\|website\\=Autosport.com \\\|date\\=20 May 2022 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "Rossiter finished fourth on the [Peugeot 9X8](/wiki/Peugeot_9X8 \"Peugeot 9X8\")'s debut at [Monza](/wiki/Monza_Circuit \"Monza Circuit\") and finished fifth at Fuji. On 7 October 2022, Rossiter confirmed his departure from Peugeot and announced his retirement from professional competition to join [Maserati MSG Racing](/wiki/Maserati_MSG_Racing \"Maserati MSG Racing\") in [Formula E](/wiki/Formula_E \"Formula E\") as team principal.{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Golding \\\|first1\\=Nick \\\|title\\=Maserati MSG Racing Announce James Rossiter as Team Principal \\\|url\\=https://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2022/10/maserati\\-msg\\-racing\\-announce\\-james\\-rossiter\\-as\\-team\\-principal/ \\\|website\\=thecheckeredflag.co.uk \\\|date\\=7 October 2022 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "### Formula E", "In 2017, Rossiter represented [Venturi Racing](/wiki/Venturi_Racing \"Venturi Racing\") at [Formula E](/wiki/Formula_E \"Formula E\") pre\\-season testing at the [Circuit Ricardo Tormo](/wiki/Circuit_Ricardo_Tormo \"Circuit Ricardo Tormo\") in Valencia, Spain, alongside [Edoardo Mortara](/wiki/Edoardo_Mortara \"Edoardo Mortara\"), [Maro Engel](/wiki/Maro_Engel \"Maro Engel\") and Michael Benyahia.{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Smith \\\|first1\\=Luke \\\|title\\=Mortara joins Venturi for Formula E season four \\\|url\\=https://www.crash.net/fe/news/885219/1/mortara\\-joins\\-venturi\\-for\\-formula\\-e\\-season\\-four \\\|website\\=crash.net \\\|date\\=20 October 2017 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "#### DS Techeetah", "After missing out on a drive for the [2017–18 season](/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Formula_E_Championship \"2017–18 Formula E Championship\"), Rossiter reunited with former Super Aguri technical director, Mark Preston, to drive for [DS Techeetah](/wiki/DS_Techeetah \"DS Techeetah\") in Formula E's first rookie test, at which he set the fifth\\-fastest time.", "Rossiter was named as Techeetah's development driver for the [2018–19](/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Formula_E_Championship \"2018–19 Formula E Championship\") season and, working with [DS Automobiles](/wiki/DS_Automobiles \"DS Automobiles\"), played a key role in the development of the team's championship\\-winning DS E\\-TENSE FE19 package.{{cite web \\\|title\\=TECHEETAH Formula E Announces James Rossiter as Development Driver \\\|url\\=https://www.dstecheetah.com/news/techeetah\\-formula\\-e\\-announces\\-james\\-rossiter\\-as\\-development\\-driver/ \\\|website\\=dstecheetah.com \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}} He returned to the cockpit for Formula E's 2019 rookie test and set the second\\-fastest time behind [Nico Müller](/wiki/Nico_M%C3%BCller \"Nico Müller\").{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Kalinauckas \\\|first1\\=Alex \\\|title\\=Muller tops Marrakesh Formula E test for Audi \\\|url\\=https://www.motorsport.com/formula\\-e/news/marrakesh\\-test\\-report\\-muller\\-audi/4323399/ \\\|website\\=Motorsport.com \\\|date\\=13 January 2019 \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "Following Formula E's fifth season, Rossiter became Techeetah's reserve driver and was also appointed to the role of sporting director after the departure of predecessor [Pedro de la Rosa](/wiki/Pedro_de_la_Rosa \"Pedro de la Rosa\"). At the [2020 Marrakesh ePrix](/wiki/2020_Marrakesh_ePrix \"2020 Marrakesh ePrix\"), Rossiter replaced full\\-time driver [Jean\\-Éric Vergne](/wiki/Jean-%C3%89ric_Vergne \"Jean-Éric Vergne\") for FP1, when the reigning champion was feeling unwell.{{cite web \\\|last1\\=Fry \\\|first1\\=Frances \\\|title\\=ROSSITER SITS IN FOR VERGNE IN MARRAKESH FP1 \\\|url\\=https://www.e\\-racing.net/2020/02/28/rossiter\\-sits\\-in\\-for\\-vergne\\-in\\-marrakesh\\-fp1/ \\\|website\\=e\\-racing.net \\\|access\\-date\\=11 October 2022}}", "The team went on to win both the drivers’ and teams’ Championships in the [2019–20 season](/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Formula_E_Championship \"2019–20 Formula E Championship\"). Rossiter remained in the position of reserve driver and sporting director throughout the [2020/21](/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Formula_E_World_Championship \"2020–21 Formula E World Championship\") and [2021/22](/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Formula_E_World_Championship \"2021–22 Formula E World Championship\") campaigns before leaving the team.", "#### Maserati MSG Racing", "On 7 October 2022, Rossiter joined [Maserati MSG Racing](/wiki/Venturi_Racing \"Venturi Racing\") as team principal following the departure of former team boss [Jérôme d'Ambrosio](/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_d%27Ambrosio \"Jérôme d'Ambrosio\") and confirmed his retirement from professional driving.{{Cite web\\\|title\\=Maserati MSG Racing announces James Rossiter as team principal\\\|date\\=7 October 2022\\\|url\\=https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/2022/october/maserati\\-team\\-principal\\-rossiter\\\|access\\-date\\=18 October 2022\\\|website\\=\\[\\[FIA Formula E]]\\\|language\\=en}} Under Rossiter's leadership, the [Maserati](/wiki/Maserati \"Maserati\") brand scored its first world championship single\\-seater pole position, podium and victory since racing in [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One \"Formula One\") in [1957](/wiki/1957_Formula_One_season \"1957 Formula One season\").{{cite web \\\|title\\=Max scores Maserati's first single\\-seater victory since 1957 \\\|url\\=https://www.maseratimsgracing.com/news/max\\-scores\\-maseratis\\-first\\-single\\-seater\\-victory\\-since\\-1957\\-formula\\-1\\-german\\-grand\\-prix\\-maserati\\-msg\\-racing\\-fia\\-formula\\-e\\-world\\-championship\\-maximilian\\-gunther\\-edoardo\\-mortara\\-james\\-rossiter \\\|website\\=maseratimsgracing.com \\\|access\\-date\\=18 August 2023}}", "Rossiter's role as Maserati team principal ended in October 2023\\.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.the\\-race.com/formula\\-e/maserati\\-formula\\-e\\-team\\-boss\\-rossiter\\-in\\-shock\\-pre\\-season\\-exit/ \\\|title\\=Shock Pre\\-Season Exit For Maserati Formula E Team Boss Rossiter \\\|last\\=Smith \\\|first\\=Sam \\\|date\\=16 October 2023 \\\|website\\=the\\-race.com \\\|publisher\\= \\\|access\\-date\\=14 January 2024 \\\|quote\\=}}", "" ]
Career ------ ### Sinon Bulls/EDA Rhinos/Fubon Guardians Lin debuted for the [Taiwan national baseball team](/wiki/Taiwan_national_baseball_team "Taiwan national baseball team") in the [2005 Asian Baseball Championship](/wiki/2005_Asian_Baseball_Championship "2005 Asian Baseball Championship"), which he led in home runs. He hit .250/.294/.313 as a part\-time third sacker in the [2005 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2005_Baseball_World_Cup "2005 Baseball World Cup"). In the [2006 Intercontinental Cup](/wiki/2006_Intercontinental_Cup_%28baseball%29 "2006 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)"), he hit .135/.158/.162 as the starting third baseman for Taiwan. He batted .306/.342/.500 in the [2007 World Port Tournament](/wiki/2007_World_Port_Tournament "2007 World Port Tournament") – he tied [Sidney de Jong](/wiki/Sidney_de_Jong "Sidney de Jong") for fifth in the tournament in home runs (2\), tied [Yosvani Peraza](/wiki/Yosvani_Peraza "Yosvani Peraza") for 6th in runs (6\) and was 6th in RBI (5\). His offensive production was similar to the USA's third baseman, top prospect [Pedro Alvarez](/wiki/Pedro_Alvarez_%28baseball%29 "Pedro Alvarez (baseball)"). He helped Taiwan win a Silver Medal. In the [2007 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2007_Baseball_World_Cup "2007 Baseball World Cup"), Lin went 0 for 1 as the backup third baseman to [Tai\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang "Tai-Shan Chang"). Lin hit .130/.231/.174 for Taiwan in the [2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament](/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics%C2%A0%E2%80%93_Qualification "Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification") as the starting third baseman. Despite his struggles, they won a spot in the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"). Lin had a couple defensive gaffes in a loss to the [South Korean national baseball team](/wiki/South_Korean_national_baseball_team "South Korean national baseball team"). In the second inning, he did not get to a grounder by [Dae\-ho Lee](/wiki/Dae-ho_Lee "Dae-ho Lee") that reporters said was within his range. Later in the inning, he again did not get to a ball in close range of third hit by [Jin\-man Park](/wiki/Jin-man_Park "Jin-man Park"). The two plays, coupled with a [Che\-Hsuan Lin](/wiki/Che-Hsuan_Lin "Che-Hsuan Lin") miscue, contributed to two Korean runs and the win. Lin was the top pick in the 2007 CPBL draft, taken by the [Sinon Bulls](/wiki/Sinon_Bulls "Sinon Bulls"). He had played for the amateur Fubon Bull previously. He did not play in 2008, as he was fulfilling his military commitment. In late 2008, he announced that he didn't want to play for Sinon when he came out of the military and that he wanted to remain an amateur. Lin changed his mind and signed with Sinon in March 2009, inking a deal with a signing bonus equivalent to $145,000\. That was the second\-largest bonus in CPBL history, behind [Chung\-Nan Tsai](/wiki/Chung-Nan_Tsai "Chung-Nan Tsai") and even with [Chang\-Wei Tu](/wiki/Chang-Wei_Tu "Chang-Wei Tu"), [Chih\-Yuan Chen](/wiki/Chih-Yuan_Chen "Chih-Yuan Chen") and [Yi\-Cheng Tseng](/wiki/Yi-Cheng_Tseng "Yi-Cheng Tseng"). Lin was 0 for 8 with two strikeouts as one of Taiwan's worst performers in the [2009 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic "2009 World Baseball Classic"). Lin had a great pro debut. Manning first base and hitting 7th, he was 3 for 4 in Sinon's 2009 opener. He reached 100 hits in 249 AB and 62 games, the fastest player to that mark in CPBL history to that point. On August 13, he set new CPBL rookie records for RBI (77, surpassing [Tai\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang "Tai-Shan Chang")) and hits (119, breaking the mark held by [Chih\-Wei Shih](/wiki/Chih-Wei_Shih "Chih-Wei Shih")). He hit .348/.395/.543 for the 2009 CPBL campaign and drove in 113 runs, breaking [Tilson Brito](/wiki/Tilson_Brito "Tilson Brito")'s CPBL record. He finished 4th in average (behind [Wu\-Hsiung Pan](/wiki/Wu-Hsiung_Pan "Wu-Hsiung Pan"), [Cheng\-Min Peng](/wiki/Cheng-Min_Peng "Cheng-Min Peng") and [Wilton Veras](/wiki/Wilton_Veras "Wilton Veras")), second in hits (169, behind Veras) and third in home runs (18, behind [Chih\-Sheng Lin](/wiki/Chih-Sheng_Lin "Chih-Sheng Lin") and [Chin\-Feng Chen](/wiki/Chin-Feng_Chen "Chin-Feng Chen")). He won a Gold Glove at first base and made the Best Ten. He was named Rookie of the Year and MVP, the third player and first position player ever to accomplish that double honor; [En\-Yu Lin](/wiki/En-Yu_Lin "En-Yu Lin") had been the last pitcher to pull off the feat (in 2005\). He played in the [2013 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2013_World_Baseball_Classic "2013 World Baseball Classic"). 2013[CPBL Home Run Derby](/wiki/CPBL_Home_Run_Derby "CPBL Home Run Derby")[champion](/wiki/Champion "Champion"). Lin won the [Taiwan Series](/wiki/Taiwan_Series "Taiwan Series") with the then [EDA Rhinos](/wiki/EDA_Rhinos "EDA Rhinos") in 2016\. Lin was in the Opening Day lineup for the [Fubon Guardians](/wiki/Fubon_Guardians "Fubon Guardians") in 2021\. ### Uni\-President Lions On January 19, 2023, Lin signed with the [Uni\-President Lions](/wiki/Uni-President_Lions "Uni-President Lions") of the [Chinese Professional Baseball League](/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League "Chinese Professional Baseball League").{{Cite web\\|title\=Uni\-Lions Sign Lin Yi\-Chuan\\|url\=http://cpblstats.com/uni\-lions\-sign\-lin\-yi\-chuan/\\|access\-date\=2023\-01\-19\\|website\=cpblstats.com\\|language\=en}} In 89 games for the Lions, he slashed .306/.357/.387 with three home runs and 54 RBI. On August 14, 2024, Lin recorded his 2,000th career hit, becoming the third CPBL player to achieve the milestone.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://x.com/gocpbl/status/1823869580705718333?s\=46\&t\=UN5XGiNzRq3\-vt33N7zCTw\\|title\=x.com}}	[ "Career\n------", "### Sinon Bulls/EDA Rhinos/Fubon Guardians", "Lin debuted for the [Taiwan national baseball team](/wiki/Taiwan_national_baseball_team \"Taiwan national baseball team\") in the [2005 Asian Baseball Championship](/wiki/2005_Asian_Baseball_Championship \"2005 Asian Baseball Championship\"), which he led in home runs. He hit .250/.294/.313 as a part\\-time third sacker in the [2005 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2005_Baseball_World_Cup \"2005 Baseball World Cup\"). In the [2006 Intercontinental Cup](/wiki/2006_Intercontinental_Cup_%28baseball%29 \"2006 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)\"), he hit .135/.158/.162 as the starting third baseman for Taiwan. He batted .306/.342/.500 in the [2007 World Port Tournament](/wiki/2007_World_Port_Tournament \"2007 World Port Tournament\") – he tied [Sidney de Jong](/wiki/Sidney_de_Jong \"Sidney de Jong\") for fifth in the tournament in home runs (2\\), tied [Yosvani Peraza](/wiki/Yosvani_Peraza \"Yosvani Peraza\") for 6th in runs (6\\) and was 6th in RBI (5\\). His offensive production was similar to the USA's third baseman, top prospect [Pedro Alvarez](/wiki/Pedro_Alvarez_%28baseball%29 \"Pedro Alvarez (baseball)\"). He helped Taiwan win a Silver Medal. In the [2007 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2007_Baseball_World_Cup \"2007 Baseball World Cup\"), Lin went 0 for 1 as the backup third baseman to [Tai\\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang \"Tai-Shan Chang\").", "Lin hit .130/.231/.174 for Taiwan in the [2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament](/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics%C2%A0%E2%80%93_Qualification \"Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification\") as the starting third baseman. Despite his struggles, they won a spot in the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics \"2008 Summer Olympics\"). Lin had a couple defensive gaffes in a loss to the [South Korean national baseball team](/wiki/South_Korean_national_baseball_team \"South Korean national baseball team\"). In the second inning, he did not get to a grounder by [Dae\\-ho Lee](/wiki/Dae-ho_Lee \"Dae-ho Lee\") that reporters said was within his range. Later in the inning, he again did not get to a ball in close range of third hit by [Jin\\-man Park](/wiki/Jin-man_Park \"Jin-man Park\"). The two plays, coupled with a [Che\\-Hsuan Lin](/wiki/Che-Hsuan_Lin \"Che-Hsuan Lin\") miscue, contributed to two Korean runs and the win.", "Lin was the top pick in the 2007 CPBL draft, taken by the [Sinon Bulls](/wiki/Sinon_Bulls \"Sinon Bulls\"). He had played for the amateur Fubon Bull previously. He did not play in 2008, as he was fulfilling his military commitment. In late 2008, he announced that he didn't want to play for Sinon when he came out of the military and that he wanted to remain an amateur. Lin changed his mind and signed with Sinon in March 2009, inking a deal with a signing bonus equivalent to $145,000\\. That was the second\\-largest bonus in CPBL history, behind [Chung\\-Nan Tsai](/wiki/Chung-Nan_Tsai \"Chung-Nan Tsai\") and even with [Chang\\-Wei Tu](/wiki/Chang-Wei_Tu \"Chang-Wei Tu\"), [Chih\\-Yuan Chen](/wiki/Chih-Yuan_Chen \"Chih-Yuan Chen\") and [Yi\\-Cheng Tseng](/wiki/Yi-Cheng_Tseng \"Yi-Cheng Tseng\").", "Lin was 0 for 8 with two strikeouts as one of Taiwan's worst performers in the [2009 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic \"2009 World Baseball Classic\").", "Lin had a great pro debut. Manning first base and hitting 7th, he was 3 for 4 in Sinon's 2009 opener. He reached 100 hits in 249 AB and 62 games, the fastest player to that mark in CPBL history to that point. On August 13, he set new CPBL rookie records for RBI (77, surpassing [Tai\\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang \"Tai-Shan Chang\")) and hits (119, breaking the mark held by [Chih\\-Wei Shih](/wiki/Chih-Wei_Shih \"Chih-Wei Shih\")). He hit .348/.395/.543 for the 2009 CPBL campaign and drove in 113 runs, breaking [Tilson Brito](/wiki/Tilson_Brito \"Tilson Brito\")'s CPBL record. He finished 4th in average (behind [Wu\\-Hsiung Pan](/wiki/Wu-Hsiung_Pan \"Wu-Hsiung Pan\"), [Cheng\\-Min Peng](/wiki/Cheng-Min_Peng \"Cheng-Min Peng\") and [Wilton Veras](/wiki/Wilton_Veras \"Wilton Veras\")), second in hits (169, behind Veras) and third in home runs (18, behind [Chih\\-Sheng Lin](/wiki/Chih-Sheng_Lin \"Chih-Sheng Lin\") and [Chin\\-Feng Chen](/wiki/Chin-Feng_Chen \"Chin-Feng Chen\")). He won a Gold Glove at first base and made the Best Ten. He was named Rookie of the Year and MVP, the third player and first position player ever to accomplish that double honor; [En\\-Yu Lin](/wiki/En-Yu_Lin \"En-Yu Lin\") had been the last pitcher to pull off the feat (in 2005\\).", "He played in the [2013 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2013_World_Baseball_Classic \"2013 World Baseball Classic\"). 2013[CPBL Home Run Derby](/wiki/CPBL_Home_Run_Derby \"CPBL Home Run Derby\")[champion](/wiki/Champion \"Champion\").", "Lin won the [Taiwan Series](/wiki/Taiwan_Series \"Taiwan Series\") with the then [EDA Rhinos](/wiki/EDA_Rhinos \"EDA Rhinos\") in 2016\\. Lin was in the Opening Day lineup for the [Fubon Guardians](/wiki/Fubon_Guardians \"Fubon Guardians\") in 2021\\.", "### Uni\\-President Lions", "On January 19, 2023, Lin signed with the [Uni\\-President Lions](/wiki/Uni-President_Lions \"Uni-President Lions\") of the [Chinese Professional Baseball League](/wiki/Chinese_Professional_Baseball_League \"Chinese Professional Baseball League\").{{Cite web\\\|title\\=Uni\\-Lions Sign Lin Yi\\-Chuan\\\|url\\=http://cpblstats.com/uni\\-lions\\-sign\\-lin\\-yi\\-chuan/\\\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-01\\-19\\\|website\\=cpblstats.com\\\|language\\=en}} In 89 games for the Lions, he slashed .306/.357/.387 with three home runs and 54 RBI.", "On August 14, 2024, Lin recorded his 2,000th career hit, becoming the third CPBL player to achieve the milestone.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://x.com/gocpbl/status/1823869580705718333?s\\=46\\&t\\=UN5XGiNzRq3\\-vt33N7zCTw\\\|title\\=x.com}}", "" ]
### Sinon Bulls/EDA Rhinos/Fubon Guardians Lin debuted for the [Taiwan national baseball team](/wiki/Taiwan_national_baseball_team "Taiwan national baseball team") in the [2005 Asian Baseball Championship](/wiki/2005_Asian_Baseball_Championship "2005 Asian Baseball Championship"), which he led in home runs. He hit .250/.294/.313 as a part\-time third sacker in the [2005 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2005_Baseball_World_Cup "2005 Baseball World Cup"). In the [2006 Intercontinental Cup](/wiki/2006_Intercontinental_Cup_%28baseball%29 "2006 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)"), he hit .135/.158/.162 as the starting third baseman for Taiwan. He batted .306/.342/.500 in the [2007 World Port Tournament](/wiki/2007_World_Port_Tournament "2007 World Port Tournament") – he tied [Sidney de Jong](/wiki/Sidney_de_Jong "Sidney de Jong") for fifth in the tournament in home runs (2\), tied [Yosvani Peraza](/wiki/Yosvani_Peraza "Yosvani Peraza") for 6th in runs (6\) and was 6th in RBI (5\). His offensive production was similar to the USA's third baseman, top prospect [Pedro Alvarez](/wiki/Pedro_Alvarez_%28baseball%29 "Pedro Alvarez (baseball)"). He helped Taiwan win a Silver Medal. In the [2007 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2007_Baseball_World_Cup "2007 Baseball World Cup"), Lin went 0 for 1 as the backup third baseman to [Tai\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang "Tai-Shan Chang"). Lin hit .130/.231/.174 for Taiwan in the [2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament](/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics%C2%A0%E2%80%93_Qualification "Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification") as the starting third baseman. Despite his struggles, they won a spot in the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics "2008 Summer Olympics"). Lin had a couple defensive gaffes in a loss to the [South Korean national baseball team](/wiki/South_Korean_national_baseball_team "South Korean national baseball team"). In the second inning, he did not get to a grounder by [Dae\-ho Lee](/wiki/Dae-ho_Lee "Dae-ho Lee") that reporters said was within his range. Later in the inning, he again did not get to a ball in close range of third hit by [Jin\-man Park](/wiki/Jin-man_Park "Jin-man Park"). The two plays, coupled with a [Che\-Hsuan Lin](/wiki/Che-Hsuan_Lin "Che-Hsuan Lin") miscue, contributed to two Korean runs and the win. Lin was the top pick in the 2007 CPBL draft, taken by the [Sinon Bulls](/wiki/Sinon_Bulls "Sinon Bulls"). He had played for the amateur Fubon Bull previously. He did not play in 2008, as he was fulfilling his military commitment. In late 2008, he announced that he didn't want to play for Sinon when he came out of the military and that he wanted to remain an amateur. Lin changed his mind and signed with Sinon in March 2009, inking a deal with a signing bonus equivalent to $145,000\. That was the second\-largest bonus in CPBL history, behind [Chung\-Nan Tsai](/wiki/Chung-Nan_Tsai "Chung-Nan Tsai") and even with [Chang\-Wei Tu](/wiki/Chang-Wei_Tu "Chang-Wei Tu"), [Chih\-Yuan Chen](/wiki/Chih-Yuan_Chen "Chih-Yuan Chen") and [Yi\-Cheng Tseng](/wiki/Yi-Cheng_Tseng "Yi-Cheng Tseng"). Lin was 0 for 8 with two strikeouts as one of Taiwan's worst performers in the [2009 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic "2009 World Baseball Classic"). Lin had a great pro debut. Manning first base and hitting 7th, he was 3 for 4 in Sinon's 2009 opener. He reached 100 hits in 249 AB and 62 games, the fastest player to that mark in CPBL history to that point. On August 13, he set new CPBL rookie records for RBI (77, surpassing [Tai\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang "Tai-Shan Chang")) and hits (119, breaking the mark held by [Chih\-Wei Shih](/wiki/Chih-Wei_Shih "Chih-Wei Shih")). He hit .348/.395/.543 for the 2009 CPBL campaign and drove in 113 runs, breaking [Tilson Brito](/wiki/Tilson_Brito "Tilson Brito")'s CPBL record. He finished 4th in average (behind [Wu\-Hsiung Pan](/wiki/Wu-Hsiung_Pan "Wu-Hsiung Pan"), [Cheng\-Min Peng](/wiki/Cheng-Min_Peng "Cheng-Min Peng") and [Wilton Veras](/wiki/Wilton_Veras "Wilton Veras")), second in hits (169, behind Veras) and third in home runs (18, behind [Chih\-Sheng Lin](/wiki/Chih-Sheng_Lin "Chih-Sheng Lin") and [Chin\-Feng Chen](/wiki/Chin-Feng_Chen "Chin-Feng Chen")). He won a Gold Glove at first base and made the Best Ten. He was named Rookie of the Year and MVP, the third player and first position player ever to accomplish that double honor; [En\-Yu Lin](/wiki/En-Yu_Lin "En-Yu Lin") had been the last pitcher to pull off the feat (in 2005\). He played in the [2013 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2013_World_Baseball_Classic "2013 World Baseball Classic"). 2013[CPBL Home Run Derby](/wiki/CPBL_Home_Run_Derby "CPBL Home Run Derby")[champion](/wiki/Champion "Champion"). Lin won the [Taiwan Series](/wiki/Taiwan_Series "Taiwan Series") with the then [EDA Rhinos](/wiki/EDA_Rhinos "EDA Rhinos") in 2016\. Lin was in the Opening Day lineup for the [Fubon Guardians](/wiki/Fubon_Guardians "Fubon Guardians") in 2021\.	[ "### Sinon Bulls/EDA Rhinos/Fubon Guardians", "Lin debuted for the [Taiwan national baseball team](/wiki/Taiwan_national_baseball_team \"Taiwan national baseball team\") in the [2005 Asian Baseball Championship](/wiki/2005_Asian_Baseball_Championship \"2005 Asian Baseball Championship\"), which he led in home runs. He hit .250/.294/.313 as a part\\-time third sacker in the [2005 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2005_Baseball_World_Cup \"2005 Baseball World Cup\"). In the [2006 Intercontinental Cup](/wiki/2006_Intercontinental_Cup_%28baseball%29 \"2006 Intercontinental Cup (baseball)\"), he hit .135/.158/.162 as the starting third baseman for Taiwan. He batted .306/.342/.500 in the [2007 World Port Tournament](/wiki/2007_World_Port_Tournament \"2007 World Port Tournament\") – he tied [Sidney de Jong](/wiki/Sidney_de_Jong \"Sidney de Jong\") for fifth in the tournament in home runs (2\\), tied [Yosvani Peraza](/wiki/Yosvani_Peraza \"Yosvani Peraza\") for 6th in runs (6\\) and was 6th in RBI (5\\). His offensive production was similar to the USA's third baseman, top prospect [Pedro Alvarez](/wiki/Pedro_Alvarez_%28baseball%29 \"Pedro Alvarez (baseball)\"). He helped Taiwan win a Silver Medal. In the [2007 Baseball World Cup](/wiki/2007_Baseball_World_Cup \"2007 Baseball World Cup\"), Lin went 0 for 1 as the backup third baseman to [Tai\\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang \"Tai-Shan Chang\").", "Lin hit .130/.231/.174 for Taiwan in the [2008 Final Olympic Qualification Tournament](/wiki/Baseball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics%C2%A0%E2%80%93_Qualification \"Baseball at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Qualification\") as the starting third baseman. Despite his struggles, they won a spot in the [2008 Summer Olympics](/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics \"2008 Summer Olympics\"). Lin had a couple defensive gaffes in a loss to the [South Korean national baseball team](/wiki/South_Korean_national_baseball_team \"South Korean national baseball team\"). In the second inning, he did not get to a grounder by [Dae\\-ho Lee](/wiki/Dae-ho_Lee \"Dae-ho Lee\") that reporters said was within his range. Later in the inning, he again did not get to a ball in close range of third hit by [Jin\\-man Park](/wiki/Jin-man_Park \"Jin-man Park\"). The two plays, coupled with a [Che\\-Hsuan Lin](/wiki/Che-Hsuan_Lin \"Che-Hsuan Lin\") miscue, contributed to two Korean runs and the win.", "Lin was the top pick in the 2007 CPBL draft, taken by the [Sinon Bulls](/wiki/Sinon_Bulls \"Sinon Bulls\"). He had played for the amateur Fubon Bull previously. He did not play in 2008, as he was fulfilling his military commitment. In late 2008, he announced that he didn't want to play for Sinon when he came out of the military and that he wanted to remain an amateur. Lin changed his mind and signed with Sinon in March 2009, inking a deal with a signing bonus equivalent to $145,000\\. That was the second\\-largest bonus in CPBL history, behind [Chung\\-Nan Tsai](/wiki/Chung-Nan_Tsai \"Chung-Nan Tsai\") and even with [Chang\\-Wei Tu](/wiki/Chang-Wei_Tu \"Chang-Wei Tu\"), [Chih\\-Yuan Chen](/wiki/Chih-Yuan_Chen \"Chih-Yuan Chen\") and [Yi\\-Cheng Tseng](/wiki/Yi-Cheng_Tseng \"Yi-Cheng Tseng\").", "Lin was 0 for 8 with two strikeouts as one of Taiwan's worst performers in the [2009 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2009_World_Baseball_Classic \"2009 World Baseball Classic\").", "Lin had a great pro debut. Manning first base and hitting 7th, he was 3 for 4 in Sinon's 2009 opener. He reached 100 hits in 249 AB and 62 games, the fastest player to that mark in CPBL history to that point. On August 13, he set new CPBL rookie records for RBI (77, surpassing [Tai\\-Shan Chang](/wiki/Tai-Shan_Chang \"Tai-Shan Chang\")) and hits (119, breaking the mark held by [Chih\\-Wei Shih](/wiki/Chih-Wei_Shih \"Chih-Wei Shih\")). He hit .348/.395/.543 for the 2009 CPBL campaign and drove in 113 runs, breaking [Tilson Brito](/wiki/Tilson_Brito \"Tilson Brito\")'s CPBL record. He finished 4th in average (behind [Wu\\-Hsiung Pan](/wiki/Wu-Hsiung_Pan \"Wu-Hsiung Pan\"), [Cheng\\-Min Peng](/wiki/Cheng-Min_Peng \"Cheng-Min Peng\") and [Wilton Veras](/wiki/Wilton_Veras \"Wilton Veras\")), second in hits (169, behind Veras) and third in home runs (18, behind [Chih\\-Sheng Lin](/wiki/Chih-Sheng_Lin \"Chih-Sheng Lin\") and [Chin\\-Feng Chen](/wiki/Chin-Feng_Chen \"Chin-Feng Chen\")). He won a Gold Glove at first base and made the Best Ten. He was named Rookie of the Year and MVP, the third player and first position player ever to accomplish that double honor; [En\\-Yu Lin](/wiki/En-Yu_Lin \"En-Yu Lin\") had been the last pitcher to pull off the feat (in 2005\\).", "He played in the [2013 World Baseball Classic](/wiki/2013_World_Baseball_Classic \"2013 World Baseball Classic\"). 2013[CPBL Home Run Derby](/wiki/CPBL_Home_Run_Derby \"CPBL Home Run Derby\")[champion](/wiki/Champion \"Champion\").", "Lin won the [Taiwan Series](/wiki/Taiwan_Series \"Taiwan Series\") with the then [EDA Rhinos](/wiki/EDA_Rhinos \"EDA Rhinos\") in 2016\\. Lin was in the Opening Day lineup for the [Fubon Guardians](/wiki/Fubon_Guardians \"Fubon Guardians\") in 2021\\.", "" ]
Motorcycle racing career ------------------------ ### AMA racing Hennen was born in [Phoenix, Arizona](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona "Phoenix, Arizona"), and grew up in the [San Francisco Bay Area](/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area "San Francisco Bay Area"), where he first became interested in racing motorcycles at the age of 15\.{{Cite book\\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=q25p0M\_Zm7QC\&q\=u.s.\+suzuki%27s\+factory\+road\+race\+team\+1975\&pg\=PA26\\|title\=Grand Prix Motorcycle Racers: The American Heroes\\|last\=DeWitt\\|first\=Norm\\|date\=2010\-09\-16\\|publisher\=MBI Publishing Company\\|isbn\=9781610600453\\|language\=en}} After spending four years developing his riding skills in regional races, he entered his first professional event as a novice at the end of the 1971 season. Although his results in dirt track racing were promising, Hennen chose to focus his attention on road racing after meeting Suzuki factory road racer [Ron Grant](/wiki/Ron_Grant_%28motorcyclist%29 "Ron Grant (motorcyclist)"). He began to work for Grant by helping him prepare motorcycles out of Grant's home garage. In 1973 he competed in 250cc Junior Class road racing events riding a [Suzuki X6](/wiki/Suzuki_T20 "Suzuki T20") borrowed from Grant and modified by his brothers, Chip and David Hennen. Grant subsequently became Hennen's racing mentor. Grant prepared a [Suzuki T500](/wiki/Suzuki_T500 "Suzuki T500") for Hennen to race, then built him a race bike using a [Suzuki GT750](/wiki/Suzuki_GT750 "Suzuki GT750") engine in a [Rickman Brothers](/wiki/Rickman_Motorcycles "Rickman Motorcycles") [chassis](/wiki/Motorcycle_frame "Motorcycle frame").{{Citation \\|first1\=Sam \\| last1\=Moses \\|year\=1975 \\|title\=Riding With A Rookie \\|work\=Cycle Guide \\|publisher\=Kable News Company }} In 1974, [Yamaha](/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company "Yamaha Motor Company") introduced the [Yamaha TZ700](/wiki/Yamaha_TZ750 "Yamaha TZ750") and Hennen was fortunate to be one of the few Junior Class competitors to receive one of the potent new motorcycles through his sponsor, Grant. The new Yamaha would dominate the 750cc class during the 1970s.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://www.cycleworld.com/yamahas\-two\-stroke\-beast\-tz750/ \\|title\=Yamaha's Two\-Stroke Beast—The TZ750 \\|author\=Ienatsch, Nick \\|year\=2019 \\|magazine\=\[\[Cycle World]] \\|access\-date\=1 January 2024 }} Hennen scored the first major victory of his motorcycle racing career in 1974 at the [Daytona International Speedway](/wiki/Daytona_International_Speedway "Daytona International Speedway") when he set the fastest qualifying time and won the Junior Class event aboard the TZ700\. Hennen went on to win the Junior Class races at the [Loudon Classic](/wiki/Loudon_Classic "Loudon Classic"), [Laguna Seca](/wiki/Laguna_Seca "Laguna Seca"), and [Talladega](/wiki/Talladega_Superspeedway "Talladega Superspeedway") to become the 1974 AMA Junior road racing champion.[1974 National Series Point Standings](https://books.google.com/books?id=T_kDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA20), American Motorcyclist, March 1975, Vol. 29, No. 3, {{ISSN\\|0277\-9358}} Hennen gained his first international exposure in 1974 when Grant took him to compete in the New Zealand Marlboro Series run over the Christmas/New Year period. Riding an underpowered [Suzuki TR500](/wiki/Suzuki_TR500 "Suzuki TR500"), Hennen won the Marlboro Series, earning him a letter of recommendation to the Suzuki factory from [Rod Coleman](/wiki/Rod_Coleman_%28motorcyclist%29 "Rod Coleman (motorcyclist)"), the Suzuki importer for New Zealand and former Grand Prix racer who won the [1954 Isle of Man](/wiki/1954_Isle_of_Man_TT "1954 Isle of Man TT") [Junior TT](/wiki/Junior_TT "Junior TT"). Coleman's opinion was highly respected by the Suzuki factory hierarchy, and his recommendation led the Suzuki factory to offer Hennen a contract to race for U.S. Suzuki's factory road race team for the 1975 season, replacing multi\-time AMA National Champion [Gary Nixon](/wiki/Gary_Nixon "Gary Nixon"), who had suffered serious injuries while testing a Suzuki in Japan. Along with Ron Grant, Coleman would be instrumental in helping further Hennen's professional motorcycle racing career. Hennen won the New Zealand Marlboro Series three years in succession from 1975 to 1977\.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2022/07/article/archives\-column\-pat\-hennen/ \\|title\=Archives: Pat Hennen \\|publisher\=cyclenews.com \\|accessdate\=1 December 2023 }} He set a new lap record for the [Cemetery Circuit](/wiki/Cemetery_Circuit "Cemetery Circuit") in [Whanganui](/wiki/Whanganui "Whanganui") that stood for six years before it was broken.{{cite web \\|url\=https://cemeterycircuit.co.nz/history/ \\|title\=A History of Cemetery Circuit \\|publisher\=cemeterycircuit.co.nz \\|accessdate\=22 April 2024 }} At the 1975 Daytona 200, Hennen qualified eighth despite being relegated to riding a 1974 model Suzuki. He briefly ran with the race leaders before abandoning the race due to a mechanical malfunction. He was a member of the American team competing in the 1975 [Transatlantic Trophy](/wiki/Transatlantic_Trophy "Transatlantic Trophy") match races. The Transatlantic Trophy match races pitted the best British riders against the top American road racers on 750cc motorcycles in a six\-race series during Easter weekend in England. Hennen scored a respectable 28 points and scored a third place in the final race at [Oulton Park](/wiki/Oulton_Park "Oulton Park"). That year, the United States won over Great Britain for the first time. Hennen showed promise in the AMA national championship by claiming the [pole position](/wiki/Pole_position "Pole position") at the [Ontario Motor Speedway](/wiki/Ontario_Motor_Speedway "Ontario Motor Speedway"), but his motorcycle experienced mechanical issues and his best result of the season was a fifth place at Laguna Seca. The [1973 oil crisis](/wiki/1973_oil_crisis "1973 oil crisis") severely impacted all forms of motorsports in the United States and Suzuki made the decision to withdraw their team from the AMA national championship at the end of the 1975 season, leaving Hennen without a job until Rod Coleman offered him a [Suzuki TR750](/wiki/Suzuki_TR750 "Suzuki TR750") race bike which he had salvaged after learning that the factory planned to discard it. Hennen rode the ex\-factory motorcycle, built from discarded spare parts, to a dominating win at the 1976 New Zealand Marlboro Series, then scored an impressive third place at the 1976 [Daytona 200](/wiki/Daytona_200 "Daytona 200") behind [Johnny Cecotto](/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto "Johnny Cecotto") and Gary Nixon, now riding for the [Kawasaki](/wiki/Kawasaki_Motors "Kawasaki Motors") factory racing team.{{cite book\\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=ePgDAAAAMBAJ\&q\=1976\+daytona\+200\+kanaya\&pg\=PA7 \\|title\=1976 Daytona 200, American Motorcyclist, May 1976, Vol. 30, No. 5, ISSN 0277\-9358 \\|date\= May 1976\\|access\-date\=2021\-09\-04\\|last1\=Assoc \\|first1\=American Motorcyclist }} At the time, the Daytona 200 was considered one of the most prestigious motorcycle races in the world, attracting world champions such as [Giacomo Agostini](/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini "Giacomo Agostini") and [Barry Sheene](/wiki/Barry_Sheene "Barry Sheene").{{cite news \\|url\=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/daytona\-200\-celebrates\-75th\-running\-of\-once\-prestigious\-race/ \\|title\=Daytona 200 celebrates 75th running of once\-prestigious race \\|author\=Schelzig, Erik \\|publisher\=seattletimes.com \\|access\-date\=15 October 2019 }} By 1976, the 750cc class had become dominated by Yamaha's powerful TZ750, making Hennen's third place finish aboard an obsolete machine all the more impressive. He also rode a [Yamaha TZ 250](/wiki/Yamaha_TZ_250 "Yamaha TZ 250") in the Daytona 250cc Lightweight race, finishing second to [Kenny Roberts](/wiki/Kenny_Roberts "Kenny Roberts") after a race\-long duel. Hennen was magnanimous after the 250cc race declaring that, "Roberts was poetry on two wheels". ### World Championships In 1976, Suzuki began to sell production versions of Barry Sheene's World Championship\-winning [Suzuki RG 500](/wiki/Suzuki_RG_500 "Suzuki RG 500") to the public. Inspired by Hennen's success, Coleman purchased an RG 500 for Hennen to compete in the [1976 500cc Grand Prix World Championship](/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 "Privateer (motorsport)"). He also competed in the fledgling [Formula 750](/wiki/Formula_750 "Formula 750") series on the same ex\-factory TR750 he rode at Daytona that year. The 500cc World Championships were the highest level of professional motorcycle road racing during that era. Hennen competed on a shoestring budget, driving to races across Europe in a small [van](/wiki/Van "Van") with his brother Chip serving as his team manager as well as his mechanic. When they arrived in France for the season\-opening [1976 French Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 French motorcycle Grand Prix"), some observers laughed at the raw, inexperienced team.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=z\_gDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=American\+Motorcyclist\+Pat\+Hennen\&pg\=PA20 \\|title\=Yank Surge Raises Tremors In Europe \\|author\=Carter, Chris \\|year\=1977 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=1 December 2023 }} Although, they received valuable spare parts and assistance from Merv Wright, the manager of Suzuki's British\-based factory Grand Prix team, this displeased Suzuki's number one rider, Barry Sheene, who recognized the threat that Hennen posed to his position at the top of the team's hierarchy. Hennen also befriended fellow Suzuki privateer, [Teuvo Länsivuori](/wiki/Teuvo_L%C3%A4nsivuori "Teuvo Länsivuori"), who offered valuable mechanical advice such as proper gearing selections for race tracks where the Hennen brothers had no previous experience.{{Citation \\|first1\=Gordon \\| last1\=Jennings \\|year\=1977 \\|title\=Interview: Pat Hennen \\|work\=Cycle Magazine \\|publisher\=\[\[Ziff Davis]] }} Länsivuori's team manager also provided Hennen with assistance in securing race invitations. After a slow start to the 1976 season, Hennen finished runner\-up in the [Dutch TT](/wiki/1976_Dutch_TT "1976 Dutch TT") at [Assen](/wiki/TT_Circuit_Assen "TT Circuit Assen"), behind Sheene and ahead of multi\-time World Champion Giacomo Agostini. However, Sheene was at the peak of his career and won five of the first seven Grand Prix races to claim the World Championship at the [Swedish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Swedish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix"). Having secured the championship, Sheene then chose not to compete in the final three rounds as he disliked riding the dangerous circuits remaining on the schedule.{{cite news \\| url\=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/sheene\-conquers\-world\-40\-years\-ago\-today/ \\| title\=Sheene conquers the world – 40 years ago today \\| publisher\=motorsportmagazine.com \\| access\-date\=12 April 2024}} Sheene's absence then allowed Hennen to score an upset victory over Länsivuori and Agostini at the [1976 500cc Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix") to become the first American competitor to win a 500 cc World Championship Grand Prix race.{{cite book\\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=wfUDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=pat\+hennen\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA57 \\|title\=Stories and Legends, American Motorcyclist, December 2007, Vol. 61, No. 12, ISSN 0277\-9358 \\|date\= December 2007\\|access\-date\=2023\-12\-02\\|last1\=Assoc \\|first1\=American Motorcyclist }} His upset victory was so unexpected that the Finnish race organizer did not have a copy of the American national anthem to play during the awards ceremony. Hennen said in a 1977 interview that local rider Länsivuori helped him win the race by allowing Hennen follow him during practice to learn the {{convert\\|3\.747\\|mi\\|km}} long [street circuit](/wiki/Street_circuit "Street circuit"), and see where the track's uneven surface held hidden bumps even on its straight sections. Hennen's experience from racing on street circuits in New Zealand, such as the Cemetery Circuit, helped to prepare him for Europe's challenging street circuits. The [Imatra Circuit](/wiki/Imatra_Circuit "Imatra Circuit"), home of the [Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix"), was notoriously dangerous featuring curbs, manhole covers, street signs and light poles along with a railroad crossing.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2016/06/article/throwback\-thursday\-grand\-prix\-streets/ \\|title\=Throwback Thursday: Grand Prix on Streets \\|publisher\=cyclenews.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} The final race of the season was the [German Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 German motorcycle Grand Prix") held at the daunting, {{convert\\|14\.2\\|mi\\|km}} long [Nürburgring](/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring "Nürburgring") racetrack, considered too dangerous for the [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") championship. Despite racing on the circuit for the first time, Hennen finished the race in an impressive third place behind Agostini and future World Champion [Marco Lucchinelli](/wiki/Marco_Lucchinelli "Marco Lucchinelli"). Competing as a privateer rider against factory\-sponsored teams, he scored two podium results along with his maiden Grand Prix victory to finish third overall in the 500cc World Championship standings, only 2 points behind runner\-up Länsivuori and fellow Suzuki factory\-sponsored rider Sheene. Having established himself as one of the top three 500cc riders in 1976 earned Hennen a position on the [Heron](/wiki/Heron_International "Heron International")\-[Suzuki](/wiki/Suzuki_MotoGP "Suzuki MotoGP") factory racing team for the [1977 season](/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1977 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season"), with newly crowned 500cc World Champion Sheene as his teammate. Sheene continued to treat Hennen with animosity by commandeering the best equipment for himself.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2021/07/article/in\-the\-paddock\-column\-67/ \\|title\=The Teammates From Hell \\|publisher\=cyclenews.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} Hennen was forced to skip the 1977 Daytona 200 because Suzuki had not finished developing their 750cc race bike but, he was the top points scorer at the 1977 Transatlantic Match races.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=wvgDAAAAMBAJ\&q\=kenny\+roberts\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA27 \\|title\=Roberts, Hennen lead U.S. team past British in Match Races \\|date\=June 1977 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=21 December 2010 \\|last1\=Assoc \\|first1\=American Motorcyclist }} At the mid\-point of the season, Hennen traveled to the Isle of Man to compete in his first [Senior TT](/wiki/Senior_TT "Senior TT") race however, he experienced mechanical problems and did not finish the race.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\-database/events/races?meet\_code\=ALL\&ride\_id\=3243 \\|title\=Pat Hennen Isle of Man TT results \\|publisher\=iomtt.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} Despite Sheene's continuing animosity, Hennen scored four podium positions including beating Sheene at his home Grand Prix at the [Silverstone Circuit](/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit "Silverstone Circuit"). Sheene had taken the lead of the Silverstone race when a mechanical issue forced his retirement.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2018/08/21/gas\-it\-w/147741 \\|title\=Gas It W... \\|date\=21 August 2018 \\|publisher\=motogp.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} [Steve Parrish](/wiki/Steve_Parrish "Steve Parrish") then led the race ahead of [John Williams](/wiki/John_Williams_%28motorcyclist%29 "John Williams (motorcyclist)") with Hennen in third place as they began the final lap, when Parrish crashed out of the lead, and then Williams did the same three corners later, handing Hennen his second career Grand Prix victory. The [1977 British Grand Prix](/wiki/1977_British_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1977 British motorcycle Grand Prix") marked the beginning of a new era, as it was the first time the event was held on the British mainland after the Isle of Man TT had represented the United Kingdom on the [FIM](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme "Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme") Grand Prix calendar for the previous 28 years since the championship's inception in [1949](/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season").{{Citation \\|first1\=Dennis \\| last1\=Noyes \\|year\=1999 \\|first2\= Michael \\|last2\=Scott \\|title\=Motocourse: 50 Years Of Moto Grand Prix \\|publisher \=Hazleton Publishing Ltd \\|isbn\=1\-874557\-83\-7 }} Once the most prestigious race of the year, the Isle of Man TT had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events. Hennen ended the season once again ranked third in the world championship behind Sheene and Yamaha rider, [Steve Baker](/wiki/Steve_Baker_%28motorcyclist%29 "Steve Baker (motorcyclist)"). He finished the year by performing a [hat\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick "Hat-trick") with a victory at the prestigious [Mallory Park Race of the Year](/wiki/Mallory_Park_Race_of_the_Year "Mallory Park Race of the Year") as well as the [Motor Cycle News](/wiki/Motor_Cycle_News "Motor Cycle News")\-Brut 33 Superbike Championship round and the 500cc final.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option%3Dcom\_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D186%26Itemid%3D79 \\|title\=Race of the Year \\|accessdate\=2013\-08\-17 \\|url\-status\=dead \\|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803115226/http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option\=com\_content\&view\=article\&id\=186\&Itemid\=79 \\|archivedate\=2011\-08\-03 }}[Turning The Tables](https://books.google.com/books?id=a_gDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA43), American Motorcyclist, January 1978, Vol. 32, No. 1, {{ISSN\\|0277\-9358}} Hennen began the 1978 season by dominating the 1978 Transatlantic Match races, winning three races as well as two second places and one third place, becoming the top scorer in the prestigious event.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=avgDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=pat\+hennen\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA30 \\|title\=Match Races: Far From Perfect But Still Neat \\|author\=Amick, Bill \\|year\=1978 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=1 December 2023 }} His battle with his Suzuki teammate continued, when Sheene accused him of dangerous riding, when Hennen passed him just before the finish line . Seeking a psychological advantage over his rival, Sheene publicly disparaged his American teammate, telling journalists, “If you pay peanuts, you get a monkey”. However, his tactics had no effect on the quiet, easy\-going Hennen. After Yamaha withdrew from the AMA Grand National Championship, Roberts joined Hennen in the 500cc world championship, where the American duo posed the strongest threat to Sheene's two\-year reign at the beginning of the [1978 season](/wiki/1978_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season"). Hennen scored a second place behind Sheene at the season\-opening [Venezuelan Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Venezuelan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1978 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix") before claiming the world championship points lead by winning the third Grand Prix victory of his career at the [Spanish Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Spanish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix") held at [Jarama](/wiki/Circuito_del_Jarama "Circuito del Jarama").{{cite news \\| url\=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\.htm \\| title\=On This Week in Racing History: April 16 \\| publisher\=SuperbikePlanet.com \\| accessdate\=2008\-03\-03 \\| url\-status\=dead \\| archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420215744/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\.htm \\| archivedate\=2008\-04\-20 }} Roberts then won the next three rounds with Hennen posting two second places, as the two Americans were separated by only a single point atop the world championship standings when Hennen suffered career\-ending injuries while competing in the 1978 Isle of Man TT race. By 1978, most of the top Grand Prix riders, including Sheene refused to compete in the Isle of Man TT races due to the dangers of racing on a street circuit however, the British\-based Suzuki factory team wanted one of its top riders entered into the event so, Hennen was called upon to race. [Tom Herron](/wiki/Tom_Herron "Tom Herron") was leading the race with Hennen aggressively pursuing him in second place. Only minutes after recording the first ever sub\-20 minute lap on a 500 cc Suzuki, Hennen crashed at [Bishopscourt](/wiki/Bishopscourt%2C_Isle_of_Man "Bishopscourt, Isle of Man") on the last lap of the race.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\-database/events?meet\_code\=TT78%20%20\&era\=4 \\|title\=1978 Isle of Man TT summary \\|publisher\=iomtt.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }}{{Cite news\\|url\=http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle\-top\-10s/top\-10\-tt\-winning\-manufacturers\\|title\=Top 10 TT winning manufacturers\\|work\=Visordown\\|access\-date\=2018\-02\-26\\|language\=en}}{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.ttwebsite.com/history/\\|title\=History of the Isle of Man TT Races\\|website\=www.ttwebsite.com\\|access\-date\=2018\-02\-26}}[www.isle\-of\-man.ws](http://www.isle-of-man.ws/isle_of_man_tt.php) {{webarchive \\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129132737/http://www.isle\-of\-man.ws/isle\_of\_man\_tt.php \\|date\=January 29, 2007 }} There was a suggestion at the time that he had struck a bird although this is now considered an unfounded rumor. Hennen's injuries proved to be too severe and he was never able to compete again. Roberts would go on to win the 1978 championship to become America's first 500cc Grand Prix World Champion.	[ "Motorcycle racing career\n------------------------", "### AMA racing", "Hennen was born in [Phoenix, Arizona](/wiki/Phoenix%2C_Arizona \"Phoenix, Arizona\"), and grew up in the [San Francisco Bay Area](/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"San Francisco Bay Area\"), where he first became interested in racing motorcycles at the age of 15\\.{{Cite book\\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=q25p0M\\_Zm7QC\\&q\\=u.s.\\+suzuki%27s\\+factory\\+road\\+race\\+team\\+1975\\&pg\\=PA26\\\|title\\=Grand Prix Motorcycle Racers: The American Heroes\\\|last\\=DeWitt\\\|first\\=Norm\\\|date\\=2010\\-09\\-16\\\|publisher\\=MBI Publishing Company\\\|isbn\\=9781610600453\\\|language\\=en}} After spending four years developing his riding skills in regional races, he entered his first professional event as a novice at the end of the 1971 season.", "Although his results in dirt track racing were promising, Hennen chose to focus his attention on road racing after meeting Suzuki factory road racer [Ron Grant](/wiki/Ron_Grant_%28motorcyclist%29 \"Ron Grant (motorcyclist)\"). He began to work for Grant by helping him prepare motorcycles out of Grant's home garage. In 1973 he competed in 250cc Junior Class road racing events riding a [Suzuki X6](/wiki/Suzuki_T20 \"Suzuki T20\") borrowed from Grant and modified by his brothers, Chip and David Hennen. Grant subsequently became Hennen's racing mentor. Grant prepared a [Suzuki T500](/wiki/Suzuki_T500 \"Suzuki T500\") for Hennen to race, then built him a race bike using a [Suzuki GT750](/wiki/Suzuki_GT750 \"Suzuki GT750\") engine in a [Rickman Brothers](/wiki/Rickman_Motorcycles \"Rickman Motorcycles\") [chassis](/wiki/Motorcycle_frame \"Motorcycle frame\").{{Citation \\\|first1\\=Sam \\\| last1\\=Moses \\\|year\\=1975 \\\|title\\=Riding With A Rookie \\\|work\\=Cycle Guide \\\|publisher\\=Kable News Company }}", "In 1974, [Yamaha](/wiki/Yamaha_Motor_Company \"Yamaha Motor Company\") introduced the [Yamaha TZ700](/wiki/Yamaha_TZ750 \"Yamaha TZ750\") and Hennen was fortunate to be one of the few Junior Class competitors to receive one of the potent new motorcycles through his sponsor, Grant. The new Yamaha would dominate the 750cc class during the 1970s.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://www.cycleworld.com/yamahas\\-two\\-stroke\\-beast\\-tz750/ \\\|title\\=Yamaha's Two\\-Stroke Beast—The TZ750 \\\|author\\=Ienatsch, Nick \\\|year\\=2019 \\\|magazine\\=\\[\\[Cycle World]] \\\|access\\-date\\=1 January 2024 }} Hennen scored the first major victory of his motorcycle racing career in 1974 at the [Daytona International Speedway](/wiki/Daytona_International_Speedway \"Daytona International Speedway\") when he set the fastest qualifying time and won the Junior Class event aboard the TZ700\\. Hennen went on to win the Junior Class races at the [Loudon Classic](/wiki/Loudon_Classic \"Loudon Classic\"), [Laguna Seca](/wiki/Laguna_Seca \"Laguna Seca\"), and [Talladega](/wiki/Talladega_Superspeedway \"Talladega Superspeedway\") to become the 1974 AMA Junior road racing champion.[1974 National Series Point Standings](https://books.google.com/books?id=T_kDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA20), American Motorcyclist, March 1975, Vol. 29, No. 3, {{ISSN\\\|0277\\-9358}}", "Hennen gained his first international exposure in 1974 when Grant took him to compete in the New Zealand Marlboro Series run over the Christmas/New Year period. Riding an underpowered [Suzuki TR500](/wiki/Suzuki_TR500 \"Suzuki TR500\"), Hennen won the Marlboro Series, earning him a letter of recommendation to the Suzuki factory from [Rod Coleman](/wiki/Rod_Coleman_%28motorcyclist%29 \"Rod Coleman (motorcyclist)\"), the Suzuki importer for New Zealand and former Grand Prix racer who won the [1954 Isle of Man](/wiki/1954_Isle_of_Man_TT \"1954 Isle of Man TT\") [Junior TT](/wiki/Junior_TT \"Junior TT\"). Coleman's opinion was highly respected by the Suzuki factory hierarchy, and his recommendation led the Suzuki factory to offer Hennen a contract to race for U.S. Suzuki's factory road race team for the 1975 season, replacing multi\\-time AMA National Champion [Gary Nixon](/wiki/Gary_Nixon \"Gary Nixon\"), who had suffered serious injuries while testing a Suzuki in Japan. Along with Ron Grant, Coleman would be instrumental in helping further Hennen's professional motorcycle racing career. Hennen won the New Zealand Marlboro Series three years in succession from 1975 to 1977\\.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2022/07/article/archives\\-column\\-pat\\-hennen/ \\\|title\\=Archives: Pat Hennen \\\|publisher\\=cyclenews.com \\\|accessdate\\=1 December 2023 }} He set a new lap record for the [Cemetery Circuit](/wiki/Cemetery_Circuit \"Cemetery Circuit\") in [Whanganui](/wiki/Whanganui \"Whanganui\") that stood for six years before it was broken.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://cemeterycircuit.co.nz/history/ \\\|title\\=A History of Cemetery Circuit \\\|publisher\\=cemeterycircuit.co.nz \\\|accessdate\\=22 April 2024 }}", "At the 1975 Daytona 200, Hennen qualified eighth despite being relegated to riding a 1974 model Suzuki. He briefly ran with the race leaders before abandoning the race due to a mechanical malfunction. He was a member of the American team competing in the 1975 [Transatlantic Trophy](/wiki/Transatlantic_Trophy \"Transatlantic Trophy\") match races. The Transatlantic Trophy match races pitted the best British riders against the top American road racers on 750cc motorcycles in a six\\-race series during Easter weekend in England. Hennen scored a respectable 28 points and scored a third place in the final race at [Oulton Park](/wiki/Oulton_Park \"Oulton Park\"). That year, the United States won over Great Britain for the first time.", "Hennen showed promise in the AMA national championship by claiming the [pole position](/wiki/Pole_position \"Pole position\") at the [Ontario Motor Speedway](/wiki/Ontario_Motor_Speedway \"Ontario Motor Speedway\"), but his motorcycle experienced mechanical issues and his best result of the season was a fifth place at Laguna Seca. The [1973 oil crisis](/wiki/1973_oil_crisis \"1973 oil crisis\") severely impacted all forms of motorsports in the United States and Suzuki made the decision to withdraw their team from the AMA national championship at the end of the 1975 season, leaving Hennen without a job until Rod Coleman offered him a [Suzuki TR750](/wiki/Suzuki_TR750 \"Suzuki TR750\") race bike which he had salvaged after learning that the factory planned to discard it.", "Hennen rode the ex\\-factory motorcycle, built from discarded spare parts, to a dominating win at the 1976 New Zealand Marlboro Series, then scored an impressive third place at the 1976 [Daytona 200](/wiki/Daytona_200 \"Daytona 200\") behind [Johnny Cecotto](/wiki/Johnny_Cecotto \"Johnny Cecotto\") and Gary Nixon, now riding for the [Kawasaki](/wiki/Kawasaki_Motors \"Kawasaki Motors\") factory racing team.{{cite book\\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=ePgDAAAAMBAJ\\&q\\=1976\\+daytona\\+200\\+kanaya\\&pg\\=PA7 \\\|title\\=1976 Daytona 200, American Motorcyclist, May 1976, Vol. 30, No. 5, ISSN 0277\\-9358 \\\|date\\= May 1976\\\|access\\-date\\=2021\\-09\\-04\\\|last1\\=Assoc \\\|first1\\=American Motorcyclist }} At the time, the Daytona 200 was considered one of the most prestigious motorcycle races in the world, attracting world champions such as [Giacomo Agostini](/wiki/Giacomo_Agostini \"Giacomo Agostini\") and [Barry Sheene](/wiki/Barry_Sheene \"Barry Sheene\").{{cite news \\\|url\\=https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/daytona\\-200\\-celebrates\\-75th\\-running\\-of\\-once\\-prestigious\\-race/ \\\|title\\=Daytona 200 celebrates 75th running of once\\-prestigious race \\\|author\\=Schelzig, Erik \\\|publisher\\=seattletimes.com \\\|access\\-date\\=15 October 2019 }} By 1976, the 750cc class had become dominated by Yamaha's powerful TZ750, making Hennen's third place finish aboard an obsolete machine all the more impressive. He also rode a [Yamaha TZ 250](/wiki/Yamaha_TZ_250 \"Yamaha TZ 250\") in the Daytona 250cc Lightweight race, finishing second to [Kenny Roberts](/wiki/Kenny_Roberts \"Kenny Roberts\") after a race\\-long duel. Hennen was magnanimous after the 250cc race declaring that, \"Roberts was poetry on two wheels\".", "### World Championships", "In 1976, Suzuki began to sell production versions of Barry Sheene's World Championship\\-winning [Suzuki RG 500](/wiki/Suzuki_RG_500 \"Suzuki RG 500\") to the public. Inspired by Hennen's success, Coleman purchased an RG 500 for Hennen to compete in the [1976 500cc Grand Prix World Championship](/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 \"Privateer (motorsport)\"). He also competed in the fledgling [Formula 750](/wiki/Formula_750 \"Formula 750\") series on the same ex\\-factory TR750 he rode at Daytona that year. The 500cc World Championships were the highest level of professional motorcycle road racing during that era. Hennen competed on a shoestring budget, driving to races across Europe in a small [van](/wiki/Van \"Van\") with his brother Chip serving as his team manager as well as his mechanic.", "When they arrived in France for the season\\-opening [1976 French Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 French motorcycle Grand Prix\"), some observers laughed at the raw, inexperienced team.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=z\\_gDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=American\\+Motorcyclist\\+Pat\\+Hennen\\&pg\\=PA20 \\\|title\\=Yank Surge Raises Tremors In Europe \\\|author\\=Carter, Chris \\\|year\\=1977 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=1 December 2023 }} Although, they received valuable spare parts and assistance from Merv Wright, the manager of Suzuki's British\\-based factory Grand Prix team, this displeased Suzuki's number one rider, Barry Sheene, who recognized the threat that Hennen posed to his position at the top of the team's hierarchy. Hennen also befriended fellow Suzuki privateer, [Teuvo Länsivuori](/wiki/Teuvo_L%C3%A4nsivuori \"Teuvo Länsivuori\"), who offered valuable mechanical advice such as proper gearing selections for race tracks where the Hennen brothers had no previous experience.{{Citation \\\|first1\\=Gordon \\\| last1\\=Jennings \\\|year\\=1977 \\\|title\\=Interview: Pat Hennen \\\|work\\=Cycle Magazine \\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Ziff Davis]] }} Länsivuori's team manager also provided Hennen with assistance in securing race invitations.", "After a slow start to the 1976 season, Hennen finished runner\\-up in the [Dutch TT](/wiki/1976_Dutch_TT \"1976 Dutch TT\") at [Assen](/wiki/TT_Circuit_Assen \"TT Circuit Assen\"), behind Sheene and ahead of multi\\-time World Champion Giacomo Agostini. However, Sheene was at the peak of his career and won five of the first seven Grand Prix races to claim the World Championship at the [Swedish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Swedish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix\"). Having secured the championship, Sheene then chose not to compete in the final three rounds as he disliked riding the dangerous circuits remaining on the schedule.{{cite news \\\| url\\=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/sheene\\-conquers\\-world\\-40\\-years\\-ago\\-today/ \\\| title\\=Sheene conquers the world – 40 years ago today \\\| publisher\\=motorsportmagazine.com \\\| access\\-date\\=12 April 2024}}", "Sheene's absence then allowed Hennen to score an upset victory over Länsivuori and Agostini at the [1976 500cc Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix\") to become the first American competitor to win a 500 cc World Championship Grand Prix race.{{cite book\\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=wfUDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=pat\\+hennen\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA57 \\\|title\\=Stories and Legends, American Motorcyclist, December 2007, Vol. 61, No. 12, ISSN 0277\\-9358 \\\|date\\= December 2007\\\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-12\\-02\\\|last1\\=Assoc \\\|first1\\=American Motorcyclist }} His upset victory was so unexpected that the Finnish race organizer did not have a copy of the American national anthem to play during the awards ceremony. Hennen said in a 1977 interview that local rider Länsivuori helped him win the race by allowing Hennen follow him during practice to learn the {{convert\\\|3\\.747\\\|mi\\\|km}} long [street circuit](/wiki/Street_circuit \"Street circuit\"), and see where the track's uneven surface held hidden bumps even on its straight sections. Hennen's experience from racing on street circuits in New Zealand, such as the Cemetery Circuit, helped to prepare him for Europe's challenging street circuits. The [Imatra Circuit](/wiki/Imatra_Circuit \"Imatra Circuit\"), home of the [Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix\"), was notoriously dangerous featuring curbs, manhole covers, street signs and light poles along with a railroad crossing.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2016/06/article/throwback\\-thursday\\-grand\\-prix\\-streets/ \\\|title\\=Throwback Thursday: Grand Prix on Streets \\\|publisher\\=cyclenews.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}", "The final race of the season was the [German Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 German motorcycle Grand Prix\") held at the daunting, {{convert\\\|14\\.2\\\|mi\\\|km}} long [Nürburgring](/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring \"Nürburgring\") racetrack, considered too dangerous for the [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One \"Formula One\") championship. Despite racing on the circuit for the first time, Hennen finished the race in an impressive third place behind Agostini and future World Champion [Marco Lucchinelli](/wiki/Marco_Lucchinelli \"Marco Lucchinelli\"). Competing as a privateer rider against factory\\-sponsored teams, he scored two podium results along with his maiden Grand Prix victory to finish third overall in the 500cc World Championship standings, only 2 points behind runner\\-up Länsivuori and fellow Suzuki factory\\-sponsored rider Sheene.", "Having established himself as one of the top three 500cc riders in 1976 earned Hennen a position on the [Heron](/wiki/Heron_International \"Heron International\")\\-[Suzuki](/wiki/Suzuki_MotoGP \"Suzuki MotoGP\") factory racing team for the [1977 season](/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1977 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\"), with newly crowned 500cc World Champion Sheene as his teammate. Sheene continued to treat Hennen with animosity by commandeering the best equipment for himself.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2021/07/article/in\\-the\\-paddock\\-column\\-67/ \\\|title\\=The Teammates From Hell \\\|publisher\\=cyclenews.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }} Hennen was forced to skip the 1977 Daytona 200 because Suzuki had not finished developing their 750cc race bike but, he was the top points scorer at the 1977 Transatlantic Match races.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=wvgDAAAAMBAJ\\&q\\=kenny\\+roberts\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA27 \\\|title\\=Roberts, Hennen lead U.S. team past British in Match Races \\\|date\\=June 1977 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=21 December 2010 \\\|last1\\=Assoc \\\|first1\\=American Motorcyclist }} At the mid\\-point of the season, Hennen traveled to the Isle of Man to compete in his first [Senior TT](/wiki/Senior_TT \"Senior TT\") race however, he experienced mechanical problems and did not finish the race.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\\-database/events/races?meet\\_code\\=ALL\\&ride\\_id\\=3243 \\\|title\\=Pat Hennen Isle of Man TT results \\\|publisher\\=iomtt.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}", "Despite Sheene's continuing animosity, Hennen scored four podium positions including beating Sheene at his home Grand Prix at the [Silverstone Circuit](/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit \"Silverstone Circuit\"). Sheene had taken the lead of the Silverstone race when a mechanical issue forced his retirement.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2018/08/21/gas\\-it\\-w/147741 \\\|title\\=Gas It W... \\\|date\\=21 August 2018 \\\|publisher\\=motogp.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }} [Steve Parrish](/wiki/Steve_Parrish \"Steve Parrish\") then led the race ahead of [John Williams](/wiki/John_Williams_%28motorcyclist%29 \"John Williams (motorcyclist)\") with Hennen in third place as they began the final lap, when Parrish crashed out of the lead, and then Williams did the same three corners later, handing Hennen his second career Grand Prix victory.", "The [1977 British Grand Prix](/wiki/1977_British_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1977 British motorcycle Grand Prix\") marked the beginning of a new era, as it was the first time the event was held on the British mainland after the Isle of Man TT had represented the United Kingdom on the [FIM](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme \"Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme\") Grand Prix calendar for the previous 28 years since the championship's inception in [1949](/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\").{{Citation \\\|first1\\=Dennis \\\| last1\\=Noyes \\\|year\\=1999 \\\|first2\\= Michael \\\|last2\\=Scott \\\|title\\=Motocourse: 50 Years Of Moto Grand Prix \\\|publisher \\=Hazleton Publishing Ltd \\\|isbn\\=1\\-874557\\-83\\-7 }} Once the most prestigious race of the year, the Isle of Man TT had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events.", "Hennen ended the season once again ranked third in the world championship behind Sheene and Yamaha rider, [Steve Baker](/wiki/Steve_Baker_%28motorcyclist%29 \"Steve Baker (motorcyclist)\"). He finished the year by performing a [hat\\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick \"Hat-trick\") with a victory at the prestigious [Mallory Park Race of the Year](/wiki/Mallory_Park_Race_of_the_Year \"Mallory Park Race of the Year\") as well as the [Motor Cycle News](/wiki/Motor_Cycle_News \"Motor Cycle News\")\\-Brut 33 Superbike Championship round and the 500cc final.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option%3Dcom\\_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D186%26Itemid%3D79 \\\|title\\=Race of the Year \\\|accessdate\\=2013\\-08\\-17 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead \\\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803115226/http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option\\=com\\_content\\&view\\=article\\&id\\=186\\&Itemid\\=79 \\\|archivedate\\=2011\\-08\\-03 }}[Turning The Tables](https://books.google.com/books?id=a_gDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA43), American Motorcyclist, January 1978, Vol. 32, No. 1, {{ISSN\\\|0277\\-9358}}", "Hennen began the 1978 season by dominating the 1978 Transatlantic Match races, winning three races as well as two second places and one third place, becoming the top scorer in the prestigious event.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=avgDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=pat\\+hennen\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA30 \\\|title\\=Match Races: Far From Perfect But Still Neat \\\|author\\=Amick, Bill \\\|year\\=1978 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=1 December 2023 }} His battle with his Suzuki teammate continued, when Sheene accused him of dangerous riding, when Hennen passed him just before the finish line . Seeking a psychological advantage over his rival, Sheene publicly disparaged his American teammate, telling journalists, “If you pay peanuts, you get a monkey”. However, his tactics had no effect on the quiet, easy\\-going Hennen.", "After Yamaha withdrew from the AMA Grand National Championship, Roberts joined Hennen in the 500cc world championship, where the American duo posed the strongest threat to Sheene's two\\-year reign at the beginning of the [1978 season](/wiki/1978_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\"). Hennen scored a second place behind Sheene at the season\\-opening [Venezuelan Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Venezuelan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1978 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix\") before claiming the world championship points lead by winning the third Grand Prix victory of his career at the [Spanish Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Spanish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix\") held at [Jarama](/wiki/Circuito_del_Jarama \"Circuito del Jarama\").{{cite news \\\| url\\=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\\.htm \\\| title\\=On This Week in Racing History: April 16 \\\| publisher\\=SuperbikePlanet.com \\\| accessdate\\=2008\\-03\\-03 \\\| url\\-status\\=dead \\\| archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420215744/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\\.htm \\\| archivedate\\=2008\\-04\\-20 }} Roberts then won the next three rounds with Hennen posting two second places, as the two Americans were separated by only a single point atop the world championship standings when Hennen suffered career\\-ending injuries while competing in the 1978 Isle of Man TT race.", "By 1978, most of the top Grand Prix riders, including Sheene refused to compete in the Isle of Man TT races due to the dangers of racing on a street circuit however, the British\\-based Suzuki factory team wanted one of its top riders entered into the event so, Hennen was called upon to race. [Tom Herron](/wiki/Tom_Herron \"Tom Herron\") was leading the race with Hennen aggressively pursuing him in second place. Only minutes after recording the first ever sub\\-20 minute lap on a 500 cc Suzuki, Hennen crashed at [Bishopscourt](/wiki/Bishopscourt%2C_Isle_of_Man \"Bishopscourt, Isle of Man\") on the last lap of the race.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\\-database/events?meet\\_code\\=TT78%20%20\\&era\\=4 \\\|title\\=1978 Isle of Man TT summary \\\|publisher\\=iomtt.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}{{Cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle\\-top\\-10s/top\\-10\\-tt\\-winning\\-manufacturers\\\|title\\=Top 10 TT winning manufacturers\\\|work\\=Visordown\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-02\\-26\\\|language\\=en}}{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.ttwebsite.com/history/\\\|title\\=History of the Isle of Man TT Races\\\|website\\=www.ttwebsite.com\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-02\\-26}}[www.isle\\-of\\-man.ws](http://www.isle-of-man.ws/isle_of_man_tt.php) {{webarchive \\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129132737/http://www.isle\\-of\\-man.ws/isle\\_of\\_man\\_tt.php \\\|date\\=January 29, 2007 }} There was a suggestion at the time that he had struck a bird although this is now considered an unfounded rumor. Hennen's injuries proved to be too severe and he was never able to compete again. Roberts would go on to win the 1978 championship to become America's first 500cc Grand Prix World Champion.", "" ]
### World Championships In 1976, Suzuki began to sell production versions of Barry Sheene's World Championship\-winning [Suzuki RG 500](/wiki/Suzuki_RG_500 "Suzuki RG 500") to the public. Inspired by Hennen's success, Coleman purchased an RG 500 for Hennen to compete in the [1976 500cc Grand Prix World Championship](/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 "Privateer (motorsport)"). He also competed in the fledgling [Formula 750](/wiki/Formula_750 "Formula 750") series on the same ex\-factory TR750 he rode at Daytona that year. The 500cc World Championships were the highest level of professional motorcycle road racing during that era. Hennen competed on a shoestring budget, driving to races across Europe in a small [van](/wiki/Van "Van") with his brother Chip serving as his team manager as well as his mechanic. When they arrived in France for the season\-opening [1976 French Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 French motorcycle Grand Prix"), some observers laughed at the raw, inexperienced team.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=z\_gDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=American\+Motorcyclist\+Pat\+Hennen\&pg\=PA20 \\|title\=Yank Surge Raises Tremors In Europe \\|author\=Carter, Chris \\|year\=1977 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=1 December 2023 }} Although, they received valuable spare parts and assistance from Merv Wright, the manager of Suzuki's British\-based factory Grand Prix team, this displeased Suzuki's number one rider, Barry Sheene, who recognized the threat that Hennen posed to his position at the top of the team's hierarchy. Hennen also befriended fellow Suzuki privateer, [Teuvo Länsivuori](/wiki/Teuvo_L%C3%A4nsivuori "Teuvo Länsivuori"), who offered valuable mechanical advice such as proper gearing selections for race tracks where the Hennen brothers had no previous experience.{{Citation \\|first1\=Gordon \\| last1\=Jennings \\|year\=1977 \\|title\=Interview: Pat Hennen \\|work\=Cycle Magazine \\|publisher\=\[\[Ziff Davis]] }} Länsivuori's team manager also provided Hennen with assistance in securing race invitations. After a slow start to the 1976 season, Hennen finished runner\-up in the [Dutch TT](/wiki/1976_Dutch_TT "1976 Dutch TT") at [Assen](/wiki/TT_Circuit_Assen "TT Circuit Assen"), behind Sheene and ahead of multi\-time World Champion Giacomo Agostini. However, Sheene was at the peak of his career and won five of the first seven Grand Prix races to claim the World Championship at the [Swedish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Swedish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix"). Having secured the championship, Sheene then chose not to compete in the final three rounds as he disliked riding the dangerous circuits remaining on the schedule.{{cite news \\| url\=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/sheene\-conquers\-world\-40\-years\-ago\-today/ \\| title\=Sheene conquers the world – 40 years ago today \\| publisher\=motorsportmagazine.com \\| access\-date\=12 April 2024}} Sheene's absence then allowed Hennen to score an upset victory over Länsivuori and Agostini at the [1976 500cc Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix") to become the first American competitor to win a 500 cc World Championship Grand Prix race.{{cite book\\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=wfUDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=pat\+hennen\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA57 \\|title\=Stories and Legends, American Motorcyclist, December 2007, Vol. 61, No. 12, ISSN 0277\-9358 \\|date\= December 2007\\|access\-date\=2023\-12\-02\\|last1\=Assoc \\|first1\=American Motorcyclist }} His upset victory was so unexpected that the Finnish race organizer did not have a copy of the American national anthem to play during the awards ceremony. Hennen said in a 1977 interview that local rider Länsivuori helped him win the race by allowing Hennen follow him during practice to learn the {{convert\\|3\.747\\|mi\\|km}} long [street circuit](/wiki/Street_circuit "Street circuit"), and see where the track's uneven surface held hidden bumps even on its straight sections. Hennen's experience from racing on street circuits in New Zealand, such as the Cemetery Circuit, helped to prepare him for Europe's challenging street circuits. The [Imatra Circuit](/wiki/Imatra_Circuit "Imatra Circuit"), home of the [Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix"), was notoriously dangerous featuring curbs, manhole covers, street signs and light poles along with a railroad crossing.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2016/06/article/throwback\-thursday\-grand\-prix\-streets/ \\|title\=Throwback Thursday: Grand Prix on Streets \\|publisher\=cyclenews.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} The final race of the season was the [German Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1976 German motorcycle Grand Prix") held at the daunting, {{convert\\|14\.2\\|mi\\|km}} long [Nürburgring](/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring "Nürburgring") racetrack, considered too dangerous for the [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") championship. Despite racing on the circuit for the first time, Hennen finished the race in an impressive third place behind Agostini and future World Champion [Marco Lucchinelli](/wiki/Marco_Lucchinelli "Marco Lucchinelli"). Competing as a privateer rider against factory\-sponsored teams, he scored two podium results along with his maiden Grand Prix victory to finish third overall in the 500cc World Championship standings, only 2 points behind runner\-up Länsivuori and fellow Suzuki factory\-sponsored rider Sheene. Having established himself as one of the top three 500cc riders in 1976 earned Hennen a position on the [Heron](/wiki/Heron_International "Heron International")\-[Suzuki](/wiki/Suzuki_MotoGP "Suzuki MotoGP") factory racing team for the [1977 season](/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1977 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season"), with newly crowned 500cc World Champion Sheene as his teammate. Sheene continued to treat Hennen with animosity by commandeering the best equipment for himself.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2021/07/article/in\-the\-paddock\-column\-67/ \\|title\=The Teammates From Hell \\|publisher\=cyclenews.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} Hennen was forced to skip the 1977 Daytona 200 because Suzuki had not finished developing their 750cc race bike but, he was the top points scorer at the 1977 Transatlantic Match races.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=wvgDAAAAMBAJ\&q\=kenny\+roberts\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA27 \\|title\=Roberts, Hennen lead U.S. team past British in Match Races \\|date\=June 1977 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=21 December 2010 \\|last1\=Assoc \\|first1\=American Motorcyclist }} At the mid\-point of the season, Hennen traveled to the Isle of Man to compete in his first [Senior TT](/wiki/Senior_TT "Senior TT") race however, he experienced mechanical problems and did not finish the race.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\-database/events/races?meet\_code\=ALL\&ride\_id\=3243 \\|title\=Pat Hennen Isle of Man TT results \\|publisher\=iomtt.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} Despite Sheene's continuing animosity, Hennen scored four podium positions including beating Sheene at his home Grand Prix at the [Silverstone Circuit](/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit "Silverstone Circuit"). Sheene had taken the lead of the Silverstone race when a mechanical issue forced his retirement.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2018/08/21/gas\-it\-w/147741 \\|title\=Gas It W... \\|date\=21 August 2018 \\|publisher\=motogp.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }} [Steve Parrish](/wiki/Steve_Parrish "Steve Parrish") then led the race ahead of [John Williams](/wiki/John_Williams_%28motorcyclist%29 "John Williams (motorcyclist)") with Hennen in third place as they began the final lap, when Parrish crashed out of the lead, and then Williams did the same three corners later, handing Hennen his second career Grand Prix victory. The [1977 British Grand Prix](/wiki/1977_British_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1977 British motorcycle Grand Prix") marked the beginning of a new era, as it was the first time the event was held on the British mainland after the Isle of Man TT had represented the United Kingdom on the [FIM](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme "Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme") Grand Prix calendar for the previous 28 years since the championship's inception in [1949](/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season").{{Citation \\|first1\=Dennis \\| last1\=Noyes \\|year\=1999 \\|first2\= Michael \\|last2\=Scott \\|title\=Motocourse: 50 Years Of Moto Grand Prix \\|publisher \=Hazleton Publishing Ltd \\|isbn\=1\-874557\-83\-7 }} Once the most prestigious race of the year, the Isle of Man TT had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events. Hennen ended the season once again ranked third in the world championship behind Sheene and Yamaha rider, [Steve Baker](/wiki/Steve_Baker_%28motorcyclist%29 "Steve Baker (motorcyclist)"). He finished the year by performing a [hat\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick "Hat-trick") with a victory at the prestigious [Mallory Park Race of the Year](/wiki/Mallory_Park_Race_of_the_Year "Mallory Park Race of the Year") as well as the [Motor Cycle News](/wiki/Motor_Cycle_News "Motor Cycle News")\-Brut 33 Superbike Championship round and the 500cc final.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option%3Dcom\_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D186%26Itemid%3D79 \\|title\=Race of the Year \\|accessdate\=2013\-08\-17 \\|url\-status\=dead \\|archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803115226/http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option\=com\_content\&view\=article\&id\=186\&Itemid\=79 \\|archivedate\=2011\-08\-03 }}[Turning The Tables](https://books.google.com/books?id=a_gDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA43), American Motorcyclist, January 1978, Vol. 32, No. 1, {{ISSN\\|0277\-9358}} Hennen began the 1978 season by dominating the 1978 Transatlantic Match races, winning three races as well as two second places and one third place, becoming the top scorer in the prestigious event.{{cite magazine \\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=avgDAAAAMBAJ\&dq\=pat\+hennen\+american\+motorcyclist\&pg\=PA30 \\|title\=Match Races: Far From Perfect But Still Neat \\|author\=Amick, Bill \\|year\=1978 \\|magazine\=American Motorcyclist \\|access\-date\=1 December 2023 }} His battle with his Suzuki teammate continued, when Sheene accused him of dangerous riding, when Hennen passed him just before the finish line . Seeking a psychological advantage over his rival, Sheene publicly disparaged his American teammate, telling journalists, “If you pay peanuts, you get a monkey”. However, his tactics had no effect on the quiet, easy\-going Hennen. After Yamaha withdrew from the AMA Grand National Championship, Roberts joined Hennen in the 500cc world championship, where the American duo posed the strongest threat to Sheene's two\-year reign at the beginning of the [1978 season](/wiki/1978_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season "1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season"). Hennen scored a second place behind Sheene at the season\-opening [Venezuelan Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Venezuelan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1978 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix") before claiming the world championship points lead by winning the third Grand Prix victory of his career at the [Spanish Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Spanish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix "1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix") held at [Jarama](/wiki/Circuito_del_Jarama "Circuito del Jarama").{{cite news \\| url\=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\.htm \\| title\=On This Week in Racing History: April 16 \\| publisher\=SuperbikePlanet.com \\| accessdate\=2008\-03\-03 \\| url\-status\=dead \\| archiveurl\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420215744/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\.htm \\| archivedate\=2008\-04\-20 }} Roberts then won the next three rounds with Hennen posting two second places, as the two Americans were separated by only a single point atop the world championship standings when Hennen suffered career\-ending injuries while competing in the 1978 Isle of Man TT race. By 1978, most of the top Grand Prix riders, including Sheene refused to compete in the Isle of Man TT races due to the dangers of racing on a street circuit however, the British\-based Suzuki factory team wanted one of its top riders entered into the event so, Hennen was called upon to race. [Tom Herron](/wiki/Tom_Herron "Tom Herron") was leading the race with Hennen aggressively pursuing him in second place. Only minutes after recording the first ever sub\-20 minute lap on a 500 cc Suzuki, Hennen crashed at [Bishopscourt](/wiki/Bishopscourt%2C_Isle_of_Man "Bishopscourt, Isle of Man") on the last lap of the race.{{cite web \\|url\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\-database/events?meet\_code\=TT78%20%20\&era\=4 \\|title\=1978 Isle of Man TT summary \\|publisher\=iomtt.com \\|accessdate\=2 December 2023 }}{{Cite news\\|url\=http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle\-top\-10s/top\-10\-tt\-winning\-manufacturers\\|title\=Top 10 TT winning manufacturers\\|work\=Visordown\\|access\-date\=2018\-02\-26\\|language\=en}}{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.ttwebsite.com/history/\\|title\=History of the Isle of Man TT Races\\|website\=www.ttwebsite.com\\|access\-date\=2018\-02\-26}}[www.isle\-of\-man.ws](http://www.isle-of-man.ws/isle_of_man_tt.php) {{webarchive \\|url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129132737/http://www.isle\-of\-man.ws/isle\_of\_man\_tt.php \\|date\=January 29, 2007 }} There was a suggestion at the time that he had struck a bird although this is now considered an unfounded rumor. Hennen's injuries proved to be too severe and he was never able to compete again. Roberts would go on to win the 1978 championship to become America's first 500cc Grand Prix World Champion.	[ "### World Championships", "In 1976, Suzuki began to sell production versions of Barry Sheene's World Championship\\-winning [Suzuki RG 500](/wiki/Suzuki_RG_500 \"Suzuki RG 500\") to the public. Inspired by Hennen's success, Coleman purchased an RG 500 for Hennen to compete in the [1976 500cc Grand Prix World Championship](/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\") as a [privateer](/wiki/Privateer_%28motorsport%29 \"Privateer (motorsport)\"). He also competed in the fledgling [Formula 750](/wiki/Formula_750 \"Formula 750\") series on the same ex\\-factory TR750 he rode at Daytona that year. The 500cc World Championships were the highest level of professional motorcycle road racing during that era. Hennen competed on a shoestring budget, driving to races across Europe in a small [van](/wiki/Van \"Van\") with his brother Chip serving as his team manager as well as his mechanic.", "When they arrived in France for the season\\-opening [1976 French Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 French motorcycle Grand Prix\"), some observers laughed at the raw, inexperienced team.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=z\\_gDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=American\\+Motorcyclist\\+Pat\\+Hennen\\&pg\\=PA20 \\\|title\\=Yank Surge Raises Tremors In Europe \\\|author\\=Carter, Chris \\\|year\\=1977 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=1 December 2023 }} Although, they received valuable spare parts and assistance from Merv Wright, the manager of Suzuki's British\\-based factory Grand Prix team, this displeased Suzuki's number one rider, Barry Sheene, who recognized the threat that Hennen posed to his position at the top of the team's hierarchy. Hennen also befriended fellow Suzuki privateer, [Teuvo Länsivuori](/wiki/Teuvo_L%C3%A4nsivuori \"Teuvo Länsivuori\"), who offered valuable mechanical advice such as proper gearing selections for race tracks where the Hennen brothers had no previous experience.{{Citation \\\|first1\\=Gordon \\\| last1\\=Jennings \\\|year\\=1977 \\\|title\\=Interview: Pat Hennen \\\|work\\=Cycle Magazine \\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Ziff Davis]] }} Länsivuori's team manager also provided Hennen with assistance in securing race invitations.", "After a slow start to the 1976 season, Hennen finished runner\\-up in the [Dutch TT](/wiki/1976_Dutch_TT \"1976 Dutch TT\") at [Assen](/wiki/TT_Circuit_Assen \"TT Circuit Assen\"), behind Sheene and ahead of multi\\-time World Champion Giacomo Agostini. However, Sheene was at the peak of his career and won five of the first seven Grand Prix races to claim the World Championship at the [Swedish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Swedish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix\"). Having secured the championship, Sheene then chose not to compete in the final three rounds as he disliked riding the dangerous circuits remaining on the schedule.{{cite news \\\| url\\=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/sheene\\-conquers\\-world\\-40\\-years\\-ago\\-today/ \\\| title\\=Sheene conquers the world – 40 years ago today \\\| publisher\\=motorsportmagazine.com \\\| access\\-date\\=12 April 2024}}", "Sheene's absence then allowed Hennen to score an upset victory over Länsivuori and Agostini at the [1976 500cc Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix\") to become the first American competitor to win a 500 cc World Championship Grand Prix race.{{cite book\\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=wfUDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=pat\\+hennen\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA57 \\\|title\\=Stories and Legends, American Motorcyclist, December 2007, Vol. 61, No. 12, ISSN 0277\\-9358 \\\|date\\= December 2007\\\|access\\-date\\=2023\\-12\\-02\\\|last1\\=Assoc \\\|first1\\=American Motorcyclist }} His upset victory was so unexpected that the Finnish race organizer did not have a copy of the American national anthem to play during the awards ceremony. Hennen said in a 1977 interview that local rider Länsivuori helped him win the race by allowing Hennen follow him during practice to learn the {{convert\\\|3\\.747\\\|mi\\\|km}} long [street circuit](/wiki/Street_circuit \"Street circuit\"), and see where the track's uneven surface held hidden bumps even on its straight sections. Hennen's experience from racing on street circuits in New Zealand, such as the Cemetery Circuit, helped to prepare him for Europe's challenging street circuits. The [Imatra Circuit](/wiki/Imatra_Circuit \"Imatra Circuit\"), home of the [Finnish Grand Prix](/wiki/Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix\"), was notoriously dangerous featuring curbs, manhole covers, street signs and light poles along with a railroad crossing.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2016/06/article/throwback\\-thursday\\-grand\\-prix\\-streets/ \\\|title\\=Throwback Thursday: Grand Prix on Streets \\\|publisher\\=cyclenews.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}", "The final race of the season was the [German Grand Prix](/wiki/1976_German_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1976 German motorcycle Grand Prix\") held at the daunting, {{convert\\\|14\\.2\\\|mi\\\|km}} long [Nürburgring](/wiki/N%C3%BCrburgring \"Nürburgring\") racetrack, considered too dangerous for the [Formula One](/wiki/Formula_One \"Formula One\") championship. Despite racing on the circuit for the first time, Hennen finished the race in an impressive third place behind Agostini and future World Champion [Marco Lucchinelli](/wiki/Marco_Lucchinelli \"Marco Lucchinelli\"). Competing as a privateer rider against factory\\-sponsored teams, he scored two podium results along with his maiden Grand Prix victory to finish third overall in the 500cc World Championship standings, only 2 points behind runner\\-up Länsivuori and fellow Suzuki factory\\-sponsored rider Sheene.", "Having established himself as one of the top three 500cc riders in 1976 earned Hennen a position on the [Heron](/wiki/Heron_International \"Heron International\")\\-[Suzuki](/wiki/Suzuki_MotoGP \"Suzuki MotoGP\") factory racing team for the [1977 season](/wiki/1977_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1977 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\"), with newly crowned 500cc World Champion Sheene as his teammate. Sheene continued to treat Hennen with animosity by commandeering the best equipment for himself.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.cyclenews.com/2021/07/article/in\\-the\\-paddock\\-column\\-67/ \\\|title\\=The Teammates From Hell \\\|publisher\\=cyclenews.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }} Hennen was forced to skip the 1977 Daytona 200 because Suzuki had not finished developing their 750cc race bike but, he was the top points scorer at the 1977 Transatlantic Match races.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=wvgDAAAAMBAJ\\&q\\=kenny\\+roberts\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA27 \\\|title\\=Roberts, Hennen lead U.S. team past British in Match Races \\\|date\\=June 1977 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=21 December 2010 \\\|last1\\=Assoc \\\|first1\\=American Motorcyclist }} At the mid\\-point of the season, Hennen traveled to the Isle of Man to compete in his first [Senior TT](/wiki/Senior_TT \"Senior TT\") race however, he experienced mechanical problems and did not finish the race.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\\-database/events/races?meet\\_code\\=ALL\\&ride\\_id\\=3243 \\\|title\\=Pat Hennen Isle of Man TT results \\\|publisher\\=iomtt.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}", "Despite Sheene's continuing animosity, Hennen scored four podium positions including beating Sheene at his home Grand Prix at the [Silverstone Circuit](/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit \"Silverstone Circuit\"). Sheene had taken the lead of the Silverstone race when a mechanical issue forced his retirement.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2018/08/21/gas\\-it\\-w/147741 \\\|title\\=Gas It W... \\\|date\\=21 August 2018 \\\|publisher\\=motogp.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }} [Steve Parrish](/wiki/Steve_Parrish \"Steve Parrish\") then led the race ahead of [John Williams](/wiki/John_Williams_%28motorcyclist%29 \"John Williams (motorcyclist)\") with Hennen in third place as they began the final lap, when Parrish crashed out of the lead, and then Williams did the same three corners later, handing Hennen his second career Grand Prix victory.", "The [1977 British Grand Prix](/wiki/1977_British_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1977 British motorcycle Grand Prix\") marked the beginning of a new era, as it was the first time the event was held on the British mainland after the Isle of Man TT had represented the United Kingdom on the [FIM](/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Internationale_de_Motocyclisme \"Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme\") Grand Prix calendar for the previous 28 years since the championship's inception in [1949](/wiki/1949_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1949 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\").{{Citation \\\|first1\\=Dennis \\\| last1\\=Noyes \\\|year\\=1999 \\\|first2\\= Michael \\\|last2\\=Scott \\\|title\\=Motocourse: 50 Years Of Moto Grand Prix \\\|publisher \\=Hazleton Publishing Ltd \\\|isbn\\=1\\-874557\\-83\\-7 }} Once the most prestigious race of the year, the Isle of Man TT had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events.", "Hennen ended the season once again ranked third in the world championship behind Sheene and Yamaha rider, [Steve Baker](/wiki/Steve_Baker_%28motorcyclist%29 \"Steve Baker (motorcyclist)\"). He finished the year by performing a [hat\\-trick](/wiki/Hat-trick \"Hat-trick\") with a victory at the prestigious [Mallory Park Race of the Year](/wiki/Mallory_Park_Race_of_the_Year \"Mallory Park Race of the Year\") as well as the [Motor Cycle News](/wiki/Motor_Cycle_News \"Motor Cycle News\")\\-Brut 33 Superbike Championship round and the 500cc final.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option%3Dcom\\_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D186%26Itemid%3D79 \\\|title\\=Race of the Year \\\|accessdate\\=2013\\-08\\-17 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead \\\|archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803115226/http://www.mallorypark.co.uk/index.php?option\\=com\\_content\\&view\\=article\\&id\\=186\\&Itemid\\=79 \\\|archivedate\\=2011\\-08\\-03 }}[Turning The Tables](https://books.google.com/books?id=a_gDAAAAMBAJ&dq=pat+hennen+american+motorcyclist&pg=PA43), American Motorcyclist, January 1978, Vol. 32, No. 1, {{ISSN\\\|0277\\-9358}}", "Hennen began the 1978 season by dominating the 1978 Transatlantic Match races, winning three races as well as two second places and one third place, becoming the top scorer in the prestigious event.{{cite magazine \\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=avgDAAAAMBAJ\\&dq\\=pat\\+hennen\\+american\\+motorcyclist\\&pg\\=PA30 \\\|title\\=Match Races: Far From Perfect But Still Neat \\\|author\\=Amick, Bill \\\|year\\=1978 \\\|magazine\\=American Motorcyclist \\\|access\\-date\\=1 December 2023 }} His battle with his Suzuki teammate continued, when Sheene accused him of dangerous riding, when Hennen passed him just before the finish line . Seeking a psychological advantage over his rival, Sheene publicly disparaged his American teammate, telling journalists, “If you pay peanuts, you get a monkey”. However, his tactics had no effect on the quiet, easy\\-going Hennen.", "After Yamaha withdrew from the AMA Grand National Championship, Roberts joined Hennen in the 500cc world championship, where the American duo posed the strongest threat to Sheene's two\\-year reign at the beginning of the [1978 season](/wiki/1978_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season \"1978 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season\"). Hennen scored a second place behind Sheene at the season\\-opening [Venezuelan Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Venezuelan_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1978 Venezuelan motorcycle Grand Prix\") before claiming the world championship points lead by winning the third Grand Prix victory of his career at the [Spanish Grand Prix](/wiki/1978_Spanish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix \"1978 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix\") held at [Jarama](/wiki/Circuito_del_Jarama \"Circuito del Jarama\").{{cite news \\\| url\\=http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\\.htm \\\| title\\=On This Week in Racing History: April 16 \\\| publisher\\=SuperbikePlanet.com \\\| accessdate\\=2008\\-03\\-03 \\\| url\\-status\\=dead \\\| archiveurl\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420215744/http://www.superbikeplanet.com/2004/apr/onthisweek5\\.htm \\\| archivedate\\=2008\\-04\\-20 }} Roberts then won the next three rounds with Hennen posting two second places, as the two Americans were separated by only a single point atop the world championship standings when Hennen suffered career\\-ending injuries while competing in the 1978 Isle of Man TT race.", "By 1978, most of the top Grand Prix riders, including Sheene refused to compete in the Isle of Man TT races due to the dangers of racing on a street circuit however, the British\\-based Suzuki factory team wanted one of its top riders entered into the event so, Hennen was called upon to race. [Tom Herron](/wiki/Tom_Herron \"Tom Herron\") was leading the race with Hennen aggressively pursuing him in second place. Only minutes after recording the first ever sub\\-20 minute lap on a 500 cc Suzuki, Hennen crashed at [Bishopscourt](/wiki/Bishopscourt%2C_Isle_of_Man \"Bishopscourt, Isle of Man\") on the last lap of the race.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://www.iomtt.com/tt\\-database/events?meet\\_code\\=TT78%20%20\\&era\\=4 \\\|title\\=1978 Isle of Man TT summary \\\|publisher\\=iomtt.com \\\|accessdate\\=2 December 2023 }}{{Cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.visordown.com/motorcycle\\-top\\-10s/top\\-10\\-tt\\-winning\\-manufacturers\\\|title\\=Top 10 TT winning manufacturers\\\|work\\=Visordown\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-02\\-26\\\|language\\=en}}{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.ttwebsite.com/history/\\\|title\\=History of the Isle of Man TT Races\\\|website\\=www.ttwebsite.com\\\|access\\-date\\=2018\\-02\\-26}}[www.isle\\-of\\-man.ws](http://www.isle-of-man.ws/isle_of_man_tt.php) {{webarchive \\\|url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070129132737/http://www.isle\\-of\\-man.ws/isle\\_of\\_man\\_tt.php \\\|date\\=January 29, 2007 }} There was a suggestion at the time that he had struck a bird although this is now considered an unfounded rumor. Hennen's injuries proved to be too severe and he was never able to compete again. Roberts would go on to win the 1978 championship to become America's first 500cc Grand Prix World Champion.", "" ]
Career ------ One of his older brothers, Scott, became a professional jockey, and at age 12 Stevens had decided to do the same. By the time he was 14, he was riding [American Quarter Horses](/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse "American Quarter Horse") at small [bush tracks](/wiki/Bush_track "Bush track"). At age 16 he switched to Thoroughbreds, and at 17 won his first race at [Les Bois Park](/wiki/Les_Bois_Park "Les Bois Park"), in [Boise, Idaho](/wiki/Boise%2C_Idaho "Boise, Idaho") on Little Star, a horse trained by his father. After leaving high school, he spent four months in southern California working for [horse trainer](/wiki/Horse_trainer "Horse trainer") [Chuck Taliaferro](/wiki/Chuck_Taliaferro "Chuck Taliaferro"), who had helped develop other young jockeys, including [Steve Cauthen](/wiki/Steve_Cauthen "Steve Cauthen") and [Cash Asmussen](/wiki/Cash_Asmussen "Cash Asmussen"). He returned to Boise for about a year, then rode from 1981 to 1982 at [Portland Meadows](/wiki/Portland_Meadows "Portland Meadows"), where he won two awards for his race riding. He went on to [Longacres](/wiki/Longacres "Longacres"), near [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") from 1982 through 1984, where he won 524 times, including a number of [graded stakes races](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race "Graded stakes race"), broke numerous riding records and was the leading rider two years in a row. Returning to Southern California in 1984, he began winning [Grade I](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race "Graded stakes race") races and rode his first [Kentucky Derby](/wiki/Kentucky_Derby "Kentucky Derby") on [Tank's Prospect](/wiki/Tank%27s_Prospect "Tank's Prospect") in 1985\. Stevens' first win in a [Triple Crown](/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_%28United_States%29 "Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)") race was the 1988 [Kentucky Derby](/wiki/Kentucky_Derby "Kentucky Derby") on the [filly](/wiki/Filly "Filly") [Winning Colors](/wiki/Winning_Colors_%28horse%29 "Winning Colors (horse)"). He went on to win the Kentucky Derby again in 1995 and 1997, the [Preakness Stakes](/wiki/Preakness_Stakes "Preakness Stakes") in 1997, 2001 and 2013, and [Belmont Stakes](/wiki/Belmont_Stakes "Belmont Stakes") in 1995, 1998 and 2001\. He fell short of winning the Triple Crown in 1997 when he won the Derby and Preakness with [Silver Charm](/wiki/Silver_Charm "Silver Charm") but came in second in the Belmont. The following year, he picked up his second Belmont win on [Victory Gallop](/wiki/Victory_Gallop "Victory Gallop"), in turn denying a Triple Crown to [Real Quiet](/wiki/Real_Quiet "Real Quiet"). In 1993 he became the youngest jockey in history to surpass the $100 million earnings mark and was the fourth youngest jockey to be inducted into the Horse Racing Hall of Fame when he was given that honor in 1997\.{{cite web\\|author1\=Staff\\|title\=Gary Stevens\\|url\=http://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/bio/gary\-stevens/\\|website\=NBC Sports Group Press Box\\|access\-date\=November 28, 2014\\|archive\-date\=June 21, 2018\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015926/http://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/bio/gary\-stevens/\\|url\-status\=dead}} He won the [Santa Anita Derby](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Derby "Santa Anita Derby") nine times, and won eleven [Breeders' Cup](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup "Breeders' Cup") races, making him the seventh\-leading money winner in Breeders' Cup history {{as of\\|2014\\|lc\=on}}.{{cite web\\|author1\=Staff \\|title\=Leading Breeders' Cup Jockeys by Money Won \\|url\=http://stats.breederscup.com/bcosJockeysByMoneyPDF.cfm?jockeyRace\=ALL\&jockeyYear\=ALL\&jockeyID\= \\|website\=Breederscup.com \\|access\-date\=November 28, 2014 \\|url\-status\=dead \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033740/http://stats.breederscup.com/bcosJockeysByMoneyPDF.cfm?jockeyRace\=ALL\&jockeyYear\=ALL\&jockeyID\= \\|archive\-date\=March 5, 2016 }} At the time of his 2005 temporary retirement, his mounts had collected over $221 million with 4,888 winners in North America,{{cite news\\|author\=Bob Velin, USA TODAY Sports 10:52 p.m. EST January 8, 2013\\|url\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2013/01/03/hall\-of\-fame\-jockey\-gary\-stevens\-comeback/1807761/\\|title\=Hall of Fame jockey Gary Stevens, 49, to make comeback\\|work\=\[\[USA Today]]\\|date\=January 8, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} ranking Stevens fifth in all\-time winnings at the time. He had over 5,000 wins in 2005{{cite magazine\\|url\=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114362/index.htm \\|title\=The Sports Illustrated Vault \- SI.com \\|agency\=CNN \\|magazine\=Sports Illustrated \\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014 \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109042205/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114362/index.htm \\|archive\-date\=January 9, 2014 \\|url\-status\=dead }} when including overseas victories,{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.jockeysguild.com/news/2007/05/guidryhits5000wins.html\\|title\=Guidry hits 5,000 wins\\|publisher\=\[\[Jockeys' Guild]]\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} including 49 wins in the UK, 55 races in France, and 20 victories in Hong Kong.{{cite web\\|last\=Hawkins\\|first\=Andrew \\|url\=http://www.scmp.com/sport/hong\-kong/article/1355367/gary\-stevens\-joins\-all\-star\-cast\-international\-jockeys\-championship\\|title\=Gary Stevens joins the all\-star cast at International Jockeys' Championship \\|work\=\[\[South China Morning Post]]\\|date\=November 14, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} Stevens considers his 5,000th win to have been in the Gaviola Stakes on October 30, 2005\.{{cite web\\|title\=Belmont Park\- October 30, 2005 \= Race 7\\|url\=http://www.equibase.com/premium/eqbPDFChartPlus.cfm?BORP\=P\&STYLE\=EQB\&DAY\=D\&tid\=BEL\&dt\=10/30/2005\&ctry\=USA∽̱\=7\\|website\=Equibase\\|access\-date\=November 28, 2014\\|date\=October 30, 2005}} Coming back in 2013, he won the Preakness Stakes on [Oxbow](/wiki/Oxbow_%28horse%29 "Oxbow (horse)") and added additional wins to his lifetime total, including an international victory in the [Shergar Cup](/wiki/Shergar_Cup "Shergar Cup") at [Ascot Racecourse](/wiki/Ascot_Racecourse "Ascot Racecourse") that raised his total win record in the United Kingdom to 50\.{{cite web\\|last\=Lewyn\\|first\=Myra\\|url\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\-racing/articles/79982/european\-jockeys\-capture\-ascots\-shergar\-cup\\|title\=European Jockeys Capture Ascot's Shergar Cup\\|publisher\=BloodHorse\\|date\=August 10, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} By 2014, his earnings stood at $236,951,490 and his North American wins were at 4,988\. {{As of\\|2015}} he had 139 international wins in six nations in addition to his North American records.{{cite web\\|last1\=Anderson\\|first1\=Steve\\|title\=Stevens gets win No. 5,000 in North America\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\-gets\-win\-no\-5000\-north\-america\\|website\=Daily Racing Form\\|access\-date\=February 23, 2015\\|date\=February 13, 2015}} He reached his official 5,000th North American win at Santa Anita Park on February 13, 2015, on a horse named Catch a Flight, trained by [Richard Mandella](/wiki/Richard_Mandella "Richard Mandella").{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la\-sp\-sn\-gary\-stevens\-5000\-wins\-north\-america\-20150213\-story.html\\|work\=\[\[Los Angeles Times]]\\|title\=Jockey Gary Stevens gets his 5,000th win in North America\\|date\=February 13, 2015}} [thumb\\|upright\\|left\\|Gary Stevens at his 2005 retirement with his wife, Angie](/wiki/File:Gary_Stevens_Retirement_Churchill_Downs.jpg "Gary Stevens Retirement Churchill Downs.jpg") He retired briefly from racing for ten months in 1999–2000 due to knee problems, but returned after a rest and credited what was his first comeback to the use of [nutraceutical](/wiki/Nutraceutical "Nutraceutical") supplements containing [glucosamine](/wiki/Glucosamine "Glucosamine") and [chondroitin](/wiki/Chondroitin "Chondroitin").{{cite web\\|last\=Nack\\|first\=William\\|url\=https://www.si.com/vault/2000/11/13/292090/inside\-horse\-racing \\|title\=Inside Horse Racing\\|website\=SI.com\\|date\=November 13, 2000\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} In 2002, Stevens wrote a book about his life up to that point titled The Perfect Ride.{{cite book\\|url\=https://books.google.com/books?id\=dZA2SrvIbm8C\\|title\=The Perfect Ride \- Gary Stevens \- Google Books\\|date\=May 1, 2003\\|isbn\=9780806524504\\|last1\=Stevens\\|first1\=Gary\\|last2\=Kaufman\\|first2\=Mervyn\\|publisher\=Citadel Press }}{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.horse\-races.net/library/review\-060402\.htm\\|title\=Book Review \- The Perfect Ride\\|website\=Horse\-races.net\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} Hall of Fame sportscaster [Jack Whitaker](/wiki/Jack_Whitaker "Jack Whitaker") described it as: "a great read, not only for horse racing fans, but for anyone interested in how the American dream really works." In November 2005, Stevens announced a second retirement. His decision was again linked to knee problems, but he reached it a week after [Rock Hard Ten](/wiki/Rock_Hard_Ten "Rock Hard Ten"), whom he rode to a second\-place in the 2004 Preakness Stakes, was retired due to a foot injury. Describing the horse at the time as the best horse he had ever ridden, Stevens said, "He's retiring, I'm retiring." Stevens rode his last races of that year on November 26 at [Churchill Downs](/wiki/Churchill_Downs "Churchill Downs").{{cite news\\|agency\=Associated Press\\|title\=Hall of Fame Jockey Gary Stevens Retires\\|url\=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp\-dyn/content/article/2005/11/25/AR2005112500799\.html\\|newspaper\=\[\[The Washington Post]]\\|access\-date\=July 21, 2014\\|date\=November 5, 2005}} During his retirement, in addition to sportscasting and television work, Stevens worked as a jockey agent in 2007, representing [Corey Nakatani](/wiki/Corey_Nakatani "Corey Nakatani").{{cite news \\|last\=Gantz \\|first\=Tracy \\|title\=Nakatani Says Stevens to Become His Agent \\|publisher\=The BloodHorse \\|date\=May 19, 2007 \\|url\=http://www.lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\=/20061012/NEWS02/610120397/\-1/WEBHEAD02 \\|access\-date\=March 19, 2007 \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127173336/http://www.lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\=%2F20061012%2FNEWS02%2F610120397%2F\-1%2FWEBHEAD02 \\|archive\-date\=January 27, 2007 \\|url\-status\=dead }} In 2009, Stevens also became a [horse trainer](/wiki/Horse_trainer "Horse trainer") with the assistance of his son, T.C. Stevens, based at Santa Anita. ### Film and television In the 2003 movie [Seabiscuit](/wiki/Seabiscuit_%28film%29 "Seabiscuit (film)"), Stevens played jockey [George Woolf](/wiki/George_Woolf "George Woolf"), receiving generally positive reviews. He was recruited for the role in 2002 by the director, [Gary Ross](/wiki/Gary_Ross "Gary Ross"), and worked for four months on the film. He had assorted small parts in other works, including brief appearances in the TV series [Jockeys](/wiki/Jockeys_%28TV_series%29 "Jockeys (TV series)") and [Wildfire](/wiki/Wildfire_%282005_TV_series%29 "Wildfire (2005 TV series)")[Gary Stevens](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1230841/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1) imdb.com. In 2011 he became a regular cast member on the [HBO](/wiki/HBO "HBO") television series [Luck](/wiki/Luck_%28TV_series%29 "Luck (TV series)") produced by Thoroughbred owner [David Milch](/wiki/David_Milch "David Milch"), starring as an on\-the\-skids jockey named Ronnie. The cancellation of the show in 2012 prior to the beginning of its second season turned out to provide Stevens with the inspiration to return to actual race riding. Stevens started working in January 2006 as a racing analyst with [TVG](/wiki/TVG_%28Cable_network%29 "TVG (Cable network)"). Also that month he joined [NBC Sports](/wiki/Thoroughbred_Racing_on_NBC "Thoroughbred Racing on NBC") as its lead horse racing analyst. He started a new job as a racing commentator for [HRTV](/wiki/Horse_Racing_TV "Horse Racing TV") in 2008\. ### 2013 comeback [thumb\\|Stevens after winning 2013 Breeders' Cup Classic on Mucho Macho Man](/wiki/File:Mucho_Macho_Man%2C_Gary_Stevens_up_at_2013_Breeders_Cup.jpg "Mucho Macho Man, Gary Stevens up at 2013 Breeders Cup.jpg") On January 3, 2013, Stevens announced that he was coming out of retirement to ride horses as a professional jockey again. He was named to ride a horse at [Santa Anita Park](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Park "Santa Anita Park") on January 6\.{{cite news\\|last\=Andersen\\|first\=Steve\\|title\=Gary Stevens returns to the saddle Sunday at Santa Anita\\|publisher\=Daily Racing Form\\|date\=January 3, 2013\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/gary\-stevens\-returns\-saddle\-sunday\-santa\-anita\\|access\-date\=January 4, 2013}} On January 12, 2013, Stevens won the first race of his comeback in a [maiden race](/wiki/Maiden_race "Maiden race") aboard the filly Branding. Stevens' first graded stakes win of his comeback came in the 2013 [San Marcos Stakes](/wiki/San_Marcos_Stakes "San Marcos Stakes") on Slim Shadey. He reconnected with [D. Wayne Lukas](/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas "D. Wayne Lukas") for the Triple Crown series on a horse named [Oxbow](/wiki/Oxbow_%28horse%29 "Oxbow (horse)"). The team finished sixth in the [2013 Kentucky Derby](/wiki/2013_Kentucky_Derby "2013 Kentucky Derby"), and on May 18, 2013, Stevens and Oxbow won the [2013 Preakness Stakes](/wiki/2013_Preakness_Stakes "2013 Preakness Stakes"), his third Preakness win, and on the same day won the Dixieland Stakes on the undercard with the Lukas\-trained Skyring.{{cite news\\|last\=Fountaine\\|first\=Ed\\|url\=http://www.nypost.com/p/sports/horse\_racing/preak\_of\_his\_powers\_LXfv4wHLBh2bFu4uNExSmO\\|title\=Lukas rules at Pimlico \\| New York Post\\|work\=\[\[New York Post]]\\|date\=May 19, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} After a second\-place finish in the Belmont, Stevens continued to ride regularly the rest of the year, and on November 1–2 at [Santa Anita Park](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Park "Santa Anita Park"), Stevens won his third [Breeders' Cup Distaff](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Distaff "Breeders' Cup Distaff") with [Beholder](/wiki/Beholder_%28horse%29 "Beholder (horse)") as well as his first [Breeders' Cup Classic](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Classic "Breeders' Cup Classic") aboard [Mucho Macho Man](/wiki/Mucho_Macho_Man "Mucho Macho Man").{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/breeders\-cup\-classic\-mucho\-macho\-man\-stevens\-win\-thriller\\|title\=Breeders' Cup Classic: Mucho Macho Man, Stevens win a thriller \\| Daily Racing Form\\|publisher\=Racing Daily Form\\|date\=June 11, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} His Classic win was the first in 15 total attempts, and he was the only jockey to have ridden in both the first Breeders' Cup in 1984 and in the 30th in 2013\.{{cite news\\|last\=Paulick\\|first\=Ray\\|url\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/breeders\-cup/stevens\-caps\-comeback\-year\-with\-macho\-win\-in\-classic/\\|title\=Stevens Caps Comeback Year With Macho Win in Classic \\| Paulick Report – Thoroughbred Horse Racing News\\|publisher\=Paulick Report\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} He finished the year 12th in the nation by earnings with 69 wins from 383 races and his lifetime wins total stood at 4,957\. His wins for 2013 included 18 [graded stakes](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race "Graded stakes race") victories.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type\=StakesListing\&searchType\=J\&eID\=1811\\|title\=Horse Racing \\| Horse Racing Entries \\| Horse Racing Results \\| Past Performances \\| Mobile \\| Statistics\\|website\=Equibase.com\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} 2013 marked Stevens' third most successful year since 2000, comparing favorably to his 23 graded stakes wins from 487 starts and 94 wins in 2005 and 532 starts with 99 wins with 22 graded stakes wins in 2001\. In 2014, he had 145 starts and 31 wins, finishing in the top three 54% of the time in the first half of the year, but his knee problems became too severe to continue riding and by July, he announced a "break" in order to have knee replacement surgery. He stated a hope he could return to riding because he was otherwise in good athletic condition. He stated, "In my mind, I'm not finished."{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\-suspend\-riding\-get\-knee\-replacement\\|title\=Stevens to suspend riding, get knee replacement\\|publisher\=Racing Daily Form\\|date\=June 15, 2013\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} Coincidentally, in the same week, Mucho Macho Man was retired from racing,{{cite web\\|last1\=Hammonds\\|first1\=Evan\\|title\=Mucho Macho Man Retired, to Stand at Adena\\|url\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\-racing/articles/86204/mucho\-macho\-man\-retired\-to\-stand\-at\-adena\\|work\=Blood\-Horse\\|access\-date\=July 21, 2014\\|date\=July 15, 2014}} marking the second time a Stevens break coincided with the retirement of a horse he had ridden to racing success. Following surgery in late July 2014, he returned to riding in morning workouts in mid\-October 2014 and accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders' Cup in the [Juvenile Fillies Turf](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Juvenile_Fillies_Turf "Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf"){{cite news\\|url\=http://www.nbcsports.com/horse\-racing/jockey\-gary\-stevens\-return\-breeders\-cup \\|title\=Jockey Gary Stevens to return in Breeders' Cup \\|agency\=\[\[Associated Press]] \\|work\=\[\[NBC News]] \\|date\=October 23, 2014 \\|access\-date\=October 26, 2014 \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025025449/http://www.nbcsports.com/horse\-racing/jockey\-gary\-stevens\-return\-breeders\-cup \\|archive\-date\=October 25, 2014 \\|url\-status\=dead }} and [Breeders' Cup Sprint](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Sprint "Breeders' Cup Sprint"). ### Injuries [thumb\\|left\\|Stevens on [Beholder](/wiki/Beholder_%28horse%29 "Beholder (horse)") in 2016, two years after his knee replacement surgery](/wiki/File:Songbird_and_Beholder_2.jpg "Songbird and Beholder 2.jpg") Stevens' career as a jockey has been punctuated by a number of significant injuries. His first major accident was a starting gate training incident in 1985 when a horse threw him into the rail, putting him into a coma for 16 hours and causing serious injuries to his shoulder and right knee.{{cite news\\|last1\=Dwyre\\|first1\=Bill\\|title\=For 51\-year\-old Gary Stevens' next mount, he plans a winning sermon\\|url\=http://www.latimes.com/sports/la\-sp\-breeders\-cup\-dwyre\-20141028\-column.html\\|work\=\[\[Los Angeles Times]]\\|access\-date\=October 29, 2014\\|date\=October 27, 2014}} In 2003, he suffered major injuries in the [Arlington Million](/wiki/Arlington_Million "Arlington Million") when his horse, in first place, spooked at the finish line, throwing him in front of the rest of the field, where one horse stepped on him, resulting in a collapsed lung and neck injuries. He returned to racing 19 days later.{{cite web\\|last\=Layden\\|first\=Tim\\|url\=https://www.si.com/vault/2003/10/27/352400/hollywood\-ending\-after\-a\-star\-turn\-in\-seabiscuit\-and\-a\-real\-life\-brush\-with\-death\-gary\-stevens\-is\-riding\-high\-again\\|title\=Hollywood Ending After a star turn in Seabiscuit and a real\-life brush with death, Gary Stevens is riding high again\\|website\=SI.com\\|date\=October 27, 2003\\|access\-date\=July 11, 2014}} Over the years, he had gone through approximately a dozen medical procedures on his right knee and three on his left, mostly [arthroscopic](/wiki/Arthroscopic "Arthroscopic") surgeries.{{cite web\\|last1\=Hovdey\\|first1\=Jay\\|title\=Gary Stevens plotting his encore\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/jay\-hovdey\-gary\-stevens\-plotting\-his\-encore\\|website\=Daily Racing Form\\|access\-date\=October 29, 2014\\|date\=January 23, 2014}} In addition to his knee problems, he also had assorted surgeries on his right wrist and both shoulders.{{cite web\\|last1\=Hovdey\\|first1\=Jay\\|title\=Old injury continues to take toll on Stevens\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/hovdey\-old\-injury\-continues\-take\-toll\-stevens\\|website\=Daily Racing Form\\|access\-date\=October 29, 2014\\|date\=July 25, 2014}} By 2014, his right knee required a total [knee replacement](/wiki/Knee_replacement "Knee replacement"). Medical testing revealed he also had been riding with a completely torn [ACL](/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament "Anterior cruciate ligament").{{cite web\\|last1\=Privman\\|first1\=Jay\\|title\=Stevens's knee injury worse than initially thought\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevenss\-knee\-injury\-worse\-initially\-thought\\|website\=Daily Racing Form\\|access\-date\=July 21, 2014\\|date\=July 18, 2014}} Following surgery, Stevens stated that he developed an addiction to the prescription painkillers he was given, so he isolated himself for a week and went off the medication [cold turkey](/wiki/Cold_turkey "Cold turkey"), after which he felt that he finally began to fully recover from the surgery.{{cite web \\|url\=https://sports.vice.com/en\_us/article/vice\-sports\-qa\-legendary\-jockey\-gary\-stevens\-on\-ponies\-pills\-and\-racing\-at\-53 \\|title\=VICE Sports Q\&A: Legendary Jockey Gary Stevens on Ponies, Pills, and Racing at 53 {{!}} VICE Sports \\|website\=sports.vice.com \\|url\-status\=dead \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314063844/https://sports.vice.com/en\_us/article/vice\-sports\-qa\-legendary\-jockey\-gary\-stevens\-on\-ponies\-pills\-and\-racing\-at\-53 \\|archive\-date\=2017\-03\-14}} Three months after the operation, he returned to racing, working horses in the morning, and accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders' Cup. On November 22, he won his first race following his surgery, an [allowance optional claiming](/wiki/Allowance_Optional_Claiming "Allowance Optional Claiming") race at [Del Mar racetrack](/wiki/Del_Mar_racetrack "Del Mar racetrack").[http://www.equibase.com/static/chart/pdf/DMR112214USA1\.pdf](http://www.equibase.com/static/chart/pdf/DMR112214USA1.pdf) (PDF) He returned to graded stakes\-winning form with a Grade II win in the Grade II [Arcadia Handicap](/wiki/Arcadia_Handicap "Arcadia Handicap") on January 31, 2015{{cite news\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/avanzare\-much\-improved\-arcadia\\|author\=Steve Andersen\\|title\=Avanzare much improved in Arcadia\\|publisher\=Racing Daily Form\\|date\=January 31, 2015\\|access\-date\=September 16, 2015}}{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\-racing/slideshows/slideshow/gary\-stevens/gary\-stevens\\|title\=Gary Stevens\\|publisher\=BloodHorse\\|date\=February 13, 2015\\|access\-date\=September 16, 2015}}:53 and achieved his 5,000th North American win on February 13, 2015\. In late December 2016, Stevens had [hip replacement](/wiki/Hip_replacement "Hip replacement") surgery on his left hip. He anticipated a recovery time of about 12 weeks, after which he declared that he intended to return to racing,{{cite web\\|author1\=Press Release\\|title\=Stevens After Hip Replacement Surgery: 'My Body Will Tell Me When I'm Ready' \- Horse Racing News {{!}} Paulick Report\\|url\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/people/stevens\-hip\-replacement\-surgery\-body\-will\-tell\-im\-ready/\\|website\=Paulick Report\\|access\-date\=13 January 2017\\|date\=December 26, 2016}} but indicated that 2017 might be his last year of racing, with the caveat, "unless I come up with a really good 2\-year\-old who looks like he'll be a major contender for the 2018 Kentucky Derby."{{cite web\\|last1\=Finley\\|first1\=Bill\\|title\=Stevens Expects to Return in Spring, Says 2017 Likely Last Year \\|url\=http://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/stevens\-expects\-to\-return\-in\-spring\-says\-2017\-likely\-last\-year/\\|website\=Thoroughbred Daily News\\|access\-date\=13 January 2017\\|date\=January 8, 2017}} He returned to race riding on March 10,{{Cite news\\|url\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\-returns\-hip\-surgery\-goes\-0\-2\\|title\=Stevens returns from hip surgery, goes 0 for 2}} and rode a winning horse on March 11, 2017\.{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/people/lets\-go\-racin\-folks\-stevens\-wins\-first\-race\-back\-hip\-surgery/\\|title\='Let's Go Racin' Folks!' Stevens Back in Winner's Circle After Hip Surgery \- Horse Racing News \\| Paulick Report\\|date\=12 March 2017 }} Due to his multiple joint replacements, "The [Bionic Man](/wiki/Bionic_Man "Bionic Man")" became one of his nicknames.{{cite web \\|title\=Hall of Fame Jockey Gary Stevens Has Had $6 MILLION in Surgeries, Nicknamed "Bionic Man" \\|url\=https://www.foxsports.com/watch/1605844547567 \\|website\=FOX Sports \\|access\-date\=27 September 2023 \\|date\=September 19, 2019}} ### Permanent riding retirement On November 20, 2018, Stevens announced he was retiring as a jockey for good due to a neck injury that resulted from an accident at Del Mar on November 17\. What was initially believed to be a pinched nerve turned out to be more serious. “\[T]he [C\-4](/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae "Cervical vertebrae") is up against the spinal cord,” he said, “There won't be any comeback from this one.” He made the decision after doctors informed him that the spinal injury could lead to a far more serious issue if he were to ever fall again.{{cite news \\|title\=Spinal injury forces Gary Stevens to retire from saddle \\|url\=https://www.drf.com/news/spinal\-injury\-forces\-gary\-stevens\-retire\-saddle \\|work\=\[\[Daily Racing Form]]\\|language\=en}} In 2019, he returned to being a sportscaster, working as a racing analyst for [Fox Sports](/wiki/Fox_Sports "Fox Sports").{{cite web \\|title\=Hall of Famer Gary Stevens to join FOX Sports as Analyst \\|url\=https://www.americasbestracing.net/lifestyle/2019\-hall\-famer\-gary\-stevens\-join\-fox\-sports\-analyst \\|website\=America's best racing \\|date\=February 7, 2019 \\|access\-date\=25 May 2020 \\|language\=en \\|archive\-date\=9 July 2021 \\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190703/https://www.americasbestracing.net/lifestyle/2019\-hall\-famer\-gary\-stevens\-join\-fox\-sports\-analyst \\|url\-status\=dead }}	[ "Career\n------", "One of his older brothers, Scott, became a professional jockey, and at age 12 Stevens had decided to do the same. By the time he was 14, he was riding [American Quarter Horses](/wiki/American_Quarter_Horse \"American Quarter Horse\") at small [bush tracks](/wiki/Bush_track \"Bush track\"). At age 16 he switched to Thoroughbreds, and at 17 won his first race at [Les Bois Park](/wiki/Les_Bois_Park \"Les Bois Park\"), in [Boise, Idaho](/wiki/Boise%2C_Idaho \"Boise, Idaho\") on Little Star, a horse trained by his father. After leaving high school, he spent four months in southern California working for [horse trainer](/wiki/Horse_trainer \"Horse trainer\") [Chuck Taliaferro](/wiki/Chuck_Taliaferro \"Chuck Taliaferro\"), who had helped develop other young jockeys, including [Steve Cauthen](/wiki/Steve_Cauthen \"Steve Cauthen\") and [Cash Asmussen](/wiki/Cash_Asmussen \"Cash Asmussen\"). He returned to Boise for about a year, then rode from 1981 to 1982 at [Portland Meadows](/wiki/Portland_Meadows \"Portland Meadows\"), where he won two awards for his race riding. He went on to [Longacres](/wiki/Longacres \"Longacres\"), near [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle \"Seattle\") from 1982 through 1984, where he won 524 times, including a number of [graded stakes races](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race \"Graded stakes race\"), broke numerous riding records and was the leading rider two years in a row.", "Returning to Southern California in 1984, he began winning [Grade I](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race \"Graded stakes race\") races and rode his first [Kentucky Derby](/wiki/Kentucky_Derby \"Kentucky Derby\") on [Tank's Prospect](/wiki/Tank%27s_Prospect \"Tank's Prospect\") in 1985\\. Stevens' first win in a [Triple Crown](/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_%28United_States%29 \"Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)\") race was the 1988 [Kentucky Derby](/wiki/Kentucky_Derby \"Kentucky Derby\") on the [filly](/wiki/Filly \"Filly\") [Winning Colors](/wiki/Winning_Colors_%28horse%29 \"Winning Colors (horse)\"). He went on to win the Kentucky Derby again in 1995 and 1997, the [Preakness Stakes](/wiki/Preakness_Stakes \"Preakness Stakes\") in 1997, 2001 and 2013, and [Belmont Stakes](/wiki/Belmont_Stakes \"Belmont Stakes\") in 1995, 1998 and 2001\\. He fell short of winning the Triple Crown in 1997 when he won the Derby and Preakness with [Silver Charm](/wiki/Silver_Charm \"Silver Charm\") but came in second in the Belmont. The following year, he picked up his second Belmont win on [Victory Gallop](/wiki/Victory_Gallop \"Victory Gallop\"), in turn denying a Triple Crown to [Real Quiet](/wiki/Real_Quiet \"Real Quiet\"). In 1993 he became the youngest jockey in history to surpass the $100 million earnings mark and was the fourth youngest jockey to be inducted into the Horse Racing Hall of Fame when he was given that honor in 1997\\.{{cite web\\\|author1\\=Staff\\\|title\\=Gary Stevens\\\|url\\=http://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/bio/gary\\-stevens/\\\|website\\=NBC Sports Group Press Box\\\|access\\-date\\=November 28, 2014\\\|archive\\-date\\=June 21, 2018\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015926/http://nbcsportsgrouppressbox.com/bio/gary\\-stevens/\\\|url\\-status\\=dead}}", "He won the [Santa Anita Derby](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Derby \"Santa Anita Derby\") nine times, and won eleven [Breeders' Cup](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup \"Breeders' Cup\") races, making him the seventh\\-leading money winner in Breeders' Cup history {{as of\\\|2014\\\|lc\\=on}}.{{cite web\\\|author1\\=Staff \\\|title\\=Leading Breeders' Cup Jockeys by Money Won \\\|url\\=http://stats.breederscup.com/bcosJockeysByMoneyPDF.cfm?jockeyRace\\=ALL\\&jockeyYear\\=ALL\\&jockeyID\\= \\\|website\\=Breederscup.com \\\|access\\-date\\=November 28, 2014 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033740/http://stats.breederscup.com/bcosJockeysByMoneyPDF.cfm?jockeyRace\\=ALL\\&jockeyYear\\=ALL\\&jockeyID\\= \\\|archive\\-date\\=March 5, 2016 }}", "At the time of his 2005 temporary retirement, his mounts had collected over $221 million with 4,888 winners in North America,{{cite news\\\|author\\=Bob Velin, USA TODAY Sports 10:52 p.m. EST January 8, 2013\\\|url\\=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/horseracing/2013/01/03/hall\\-of\\-fame\\-jockey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-comeback/1807761/\\\|title\\=Hall of Fame jockey Gary Stevens, 49, to make comeback\\\|work\\=\\[\\[USA Today]]\\\|date\\=January 8, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} ranking Stevens fifth in all\\-time winnings at the time. He had over 5,000 wins in 2005{{cite magazine\\\|url\\=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114362/index.htm \\\|title\\=The Sports Illustrated Vault \\- SI.com \\\|agency\\=CNN \\\|magazine\\=Sports Illustrated \\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014 \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109042205/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1114362/index.htm \\\|archive\\-date\\=January 9, 2014 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead }} when including overseas victories,{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.jockeysguild.com/news/2007/05/guidryhits5000wins.html\\\|title\\=Guidry hits 5,000 wins\\\|publisher\\=\\[\\[Jockeys' Guild]]\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} including 49 wins in the UK, 55 races in France, and 20 victories in Hong Kong.{{cite web\\\|last\\=Hawkins\\\|first\\=Andrew \\\|url\\=http://www.scmp.com/sport/hong\\-kong/article/1355367/gary\\-stevens\\-joins\\-all\\-star\\-cast\\-international\\-jockeys\\-championship\\\|title\\=Gary Stevens joins the all\\-star cast at International Jockeys' Championship \\\|work\\=\\[\\[South China Morning Post]]\\\|date\\=November 14, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} Stevens considers his 5,000th win to have been in the Gaviola Stakes on October 30, 2005\\.{{cite web\\\|title\\=Belmont Park\\- October 30, 2005 \\= Race 7\\\|url\\=http://www.equibase.com/premium/eqbPDFChartPlus.cfm?BORP\\=P\\&STYLE\\=EQB\\&DAY\\=D\\&tid\\=BEL\\&dt\\=10/30/2005\\&ctry\\=USA∽̱\\=7\\\|website\\=Equibase\\\|access\\-date\\=November 28, 2014\\\|date\\=October 30, 2005}}", "Coming back in 2013, he won the Preakness Stakes on [Oxbow](/wiki/Oxbow_%28horse%29 \"Oxbow (horse)\") and added additional wins to his lifetime total, including an international victory in the [Shergar Cup](/wiki/Shergar_Cup \"Shergar Cup\") at [Ascot Racecourse](/wiki/Ascot_Racecourse \"Ascot Racecourse\") that raised his total win record in the United Kingdom to 50\\.{{cite web\\\|last\\=Lewyn\\\|first\\=Myra\\\|url\\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\\-racing/articles/79982/european\\-jockeys\\-capture\\-ascots\\-shergar\\-cup\\\|title\\=European Jockeys Capture Ascot's Shergar Cup\\\|publisher\\=BloodHorse\\\|date\\=August 10, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} By 2014, his earnings stood at $236,951,490 and his North American wins were at 4,988\\. {{As of\\\|2015}} he had 139 international wins in six nations in addition to his North American records.{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Anderson\\\|first1\\=Steve\\\|title\\=Stevens gets win No. 5,000 in North America\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\\-gets\\-win\\-no\\-5000\\-north\\-america\\\|website\\=Daily Racing Form\\\|access\\-date\\=February 23, 2015\\\|date\\=February 13, 2015}} He reached his official 5,000th North American win at Santa Anita Park on February 13, 2015, on a horse named Catch a Flight, trained by [Richard Mandella](/wiki/Richard_Mandella \"Richard Mandella\").{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la\\-sp\\-sn\\-gary\\-stevens\\-5000\\-wins\\-north\\-america\\-20150213\\-story.html\\\|work\\=\\[\\[Los Angeles Times]]\\\|title\\=Jockey Gary Stevens gets his 5,000th win in North America\\\|date\\=February 13, 2015}}\n[thumb\\\|upright\\\|left\\\|Gary Stevens at his 2005 retirement with his wife, Angie](/wiki/File:Gary_Stevens_Retirement_Churchill_Downs.jpg \"Gary Stevens Retirement Churchill Downs.jpg\")", "He retired briefly from racing for ten months in 1999–2000 due to knee problems, but returned after a rest and credited what was his first comeback to the use of [nutraceutical](/wiki/Nutraceutical \"Nutraceutical\") supplements containing [glucosamine](/wiki/Glucosamine \"Glucosamine\") and [chondroitin](/wiki/Chondroitin \"Chondroitin\").{{cite web\\\|last\\=Nack\\\|first\\=William\\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/vault/2000/11/13/292090/inside\\-horse\\-racing \\\|title\\=Inside Horse Racing\\\|website\\=SI.com\\\|date\\=November 13, 2000\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} In 2002, Stevens wrote a book about his life up to that point titled The Perfect Ride.{{cite book\\\|url\\=https://books.google.com/books?id\\=dZA2SrvIbm8C\\\|title\\=The Perfect Ride \\- Gary Stevens \\- Google Books\\\|date\\=May 1, 2003\\\|isbn\\=9780806524504\\\|last1\\=Stevens\\\|first1\\=Gary\\\|last2\\=Kaufman\\\|first2\\=Mervyn\\\|publisher\\=Citadel Press }}{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.horse\\-races.net/library/review\\-060402\\.htm\\\|title\\=Book Review \\- The Perfect Ride\\\|website\\=Horse\\-races.net\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} Hall of Fame sportscaster [Jack Whitaker](/wiki/Jack_Whitaker \"Jack Whitaker\") described it as: \"a great read, not only for horse racing fans, but for anyone interested in how the American dream really works.\"", "In November 2005, Stevens announced a second retirement. His decision was again linked to knee problems, but he reached it a week after [Rock Hard Ten](/wiki/Rock_Hard_Ten \"Rock Hard Ten\"), whom he rode to a second\\-place in the 2004 Preakness Stakes, was retired due to a foot injury. Describing the horse at the time as the best horse he had ever ridden, Stevens said, \"He's retiring, I'm retiring.\" Stevens rode his last races of that year on November 26 at [Churchill Downs](/wiki/Churchill_Downs \"Churchill Downs\").{{cite news\\\|agency\\=Associated Press\\\|title\\=Hall of Fame Jockey Gary Stevens Retires\\\|url\\=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp\\-dyn/content/article/2005/11/25/AR2005112500799\\.html\\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Washington Post]]\\\|access\\-date\\=July 21, 2014\\\|date\\=November 5, 2005}} During his retirement, in addition to sportscasting and television work, Stevens worked as a jockey agent in 2007, representing [Corey Nakatani](/wiki/Corey_Nakatani \"Corey Nakatani\").{{cite news \\\|last\\=Gantz \\\|first\\=Tracy \\\|title\\=Nakatani Says Stevens to Become His Agent \\\|publisher\\=The BloodHorse \\\|date\\=May 19, 2007 \\\|url\\=http://www.lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\\=/20061012/NEWS02/610120397/\\-1/WEBHEAD02 \\\|access\\-date\\=March 19, 2007 \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127173336/http://www.lohud.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID\\=%2F20061012%2FNEWS02%2F610120397%2F\\-1%2FWEBHEAD02 \\\|archive\\-date\\=January 27, 2007 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead }} In 2009, Stevens also became a [horse trainer](/wiki/Horse_trainer \"Horse trainer\") with the assistance of his son, T.C. Stevens, based at Santa Anita.", "### Film and television", "In the 2003 movie [Seabiscuit](/wiki/Seabiscuit_%28film%29 \"Seabiscuit (film)\"), Stevens played jockey [George Woolf](/wiki/George_Woolf \"George Woolf\"), receiving generally positive reviews. He was recruited for the role in 2002 by the director, [Gary Ross](/wiki/Gary_Ross \"Gary Ross\"), and worked for four months on the film. He had assorted small parts in other works, including brief appearances in the TV series [Jockeys](/wiki/Jockeys_%28TV_series%29 \"Jockeys (TV series)\") and [Wildfire](/wiki/Wildfire_%282005_TV_series%29 \"Wildfire (2005 TV series)\")[Gary Stevens](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1230841/?ref_=fn_al_nm_1) imdb.com. In 2011 he became a regular cast member on the [HBO](/wiki/HBO \"HBO\") television series [Luck](/wiki/Luck_%28TV_series%29 \"Luck (TV series)\") produced by Thoroughbred owner [David Milch](/wiki/David_Milch \"David Milch\"), starring as an on\\-the\\-skids jockey named Ronnie. The cancellation of the show in 2012 prior to the beginning of its second season turned out to provide Stevens with the inspiration to return to actual race riding.", "Stevens started working in January 2006 as a racing analyst with [TVG](/wiki/TVG_%28Cable_network%29 \"TVG (Cable network)\"). Also that month he joined [NBC Sports](/wiki/Thoroughbred_Racing_on_NBC \"Thoroughbred Racing on NBC\") as its lead horse racing analyst. He started a new job as a racing commentator for [HRTV](/wiki/Horse_Racing_TV \"Horse Racing TV\") in 2008\\.", "### 2013 comeback", "[thumb\\\|Stevens after winning 2013 Breeders' Cup Classic on Mucho Macho Man](/wiki/File:Mucho_Macho_Man%2C_Gary_Stevens_up_at_2013_Breeders_Cup.jpg \"Mucho Macho Man, Gary Stevens up at 2013 Breeders Cup.jpg\")\nOn January 3, 2013, Stevens announced that he was coming out of retirement to ride horses as a professional jockey again. He was named to ride a horse at [Santa Anita Park](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Park \"Santa Anita Park\") on January 6\\.{{cite news\\\|last\\=Andersen\\\|first\\=Steve\\\|title\\=Gary Stevens returns to the saddle Sunday at Santa Anita\\\|publisher\\=Daily Racing Form\\\|date\\=January 3, 2013\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/gary\\-stevens\\-returns\\-saddle\\-sunday\\-santa\\-anita\\\|access\\-date\\=January 4, 2013}}\nOn January 12, 2013, Stevens won the first race of his comeback in a [maiden race](/wiki/Maiden_race \"Maiden race\") aboard the filly Branding.", "Stevens' first graded stakes win of his comeback came in the 2013 [San Marcos Stakes](/wiki/San_Marcos_Stakes \"San Marcos Stakes\") on Slim Shadey. He reconnected with [D. Wayne Lukas](/wiki/D._Wayne_Lukas \"D. Wayne Lukas\") for the Triple Crown series on a horse named [Oxbow](/wiki/Oxbow_%28horse%29 \"Oxbow (horse)\"). The team finished sixth in the [2013 Kentucky Derby](/wiki/2013_Kentucky_Derby \"2013 Kentucky Derby\"), and on May 18, 2013, Stevens and Oxbow won the [2013 Preakness Stakes](/wiki/2013_Preakness_Stakes \"2013 Preakness Stakes\"), his third Preakness win, and on the same day won the Dixieland Stakes on the undercard with the Lukas\\-trained Skyring.{{cite news\\\|last\\=Fountaine\\\|first\\=Ed\\\|url\\=http://www.nypost.com/p/sports/horse\\_racing/preak\\_of\\_his\\_powers\\_LXfv4wHLBh2bFu4uNExSmO\\\|title\\=Lukas rules at Pimlico \\\| New York Post\\\|work\\=\\[\\[New York Post]]\\\|date\\=May 19, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} After a second\\-place finish in the Belmont, Stevens continued to ride regularly the rest of the year, and on November 1–2 at [Santa Anita Park](/wiki/Santa_Anita_Park \"Santa Anita Park\"), Stevens won his third [Breeders' Cup Distaff](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Distaff \"Breeders' Cup Distaff\") with [Beholder](/wiki/Beholder_%28horse%29 \"Beholder (horse)\") as well as his first [Breeders' Cup Classic](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Classic \"Breeders' Cup Classic\") aboard [Mucho Macho Man](/wiki/Mucho_Macho_Man \"Mucho Macho Man\").{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/breeders\\-cup\\-classic\\-mucho\\-macho\\-man\\-stevens\\-win\\-thriller\\\|title\\=Breeders' Cup Classic: Mucho Macho Man, Stevens win a thriller \\\| Daily Racing Form\\\|publisher\\=Racing Daily Form\\\|date\\=June 11, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} His Classic win was the first in 15 total attempts, and he was the only jockey to have ridden in both the first Breeders' Cup in 1984 and in the 30th in 2013\\.{{cite news\\\|last\\=Paulick\\\|first\\=Ray\\\|url\\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/breeders\\-cup/stevens\\-caps\\-comeback\\-year\\-with\\-macho\\-win\\-in\\-classic/\\\|title\\=Stevens Caps Comeback Year With Macho Win in Classic \\\| Paulick Report – Thoroughbred Horse Racing News\\\|publisher\\=Paulick Report\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} He finished the year 12th in the nation by earnings with 69 wins from 383 races and his lifetime wins total stood at 4,957\\. His wins for 2013 included 18 [graded stakes](/wiki/Graded_stakes_race \"Graded stakes race\") victories.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.equibase.com/profiles/Results.cfm?type\\=StakesListing\\&searchType\\=J\\&eID\\=1811\\\|title\\=Horse Racing \\\| Horse Racing Entries \\\| Horse Racing Results \\\| Past Performances \\\| Mobile \\\| Statistics\\\|website\\=Equibase.com\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} 2013 marked Stevens' third most successful year since 2000, comparing favorably to his 23 graded stakes wins from 487 starts and 94 wins in 2005 and 532 starts with 99 wins with 22 graded stakes wins in 2001\\.", "In 2014, he had 145 starts and 31 wins, finishing in the top three 54% of the time in the first half of the year, but his knee problems became too severe to continue riding and by July, he announced a \"break\" in order to have knee replacement surgery. He stated a hope he could return to riding because he was otherwise in good athletic condition. He stated, \"In my mind, I'm not finished.\"{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\\-suspend\\-riding\\-get\\-knee\\-replacement\\\|title\\=Stevens to suspend riding, get knee replacement\\\|publisher\\=Racing Daily Form\\\|date\\=June 15, 2013\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} Coincidentally, in the same week, Mucho Macho Man was retired from racing,{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Hammonds\\\|first1\\=Evan\\\|title\\=Mucho Macho Man Retired, to Stand at Adena\\\|url\\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\\-racing/articles/86204/mucho\\-macho\\-man\\-retired\\-to\\-stand\\-at\\-adena\\\|work\\=Blood\\-Horse\\\|access\\-date\\=July 21, 2014\\\|date\\=July 15, 2014}} marking the second time a Stevens break coincided with the retirement of a horse he had ridden to racing success. Following surgery in late July 2014, he returned to riding in morning workouts in mid\\-October 2014 and accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders' Cup in the [Juvenile Fillies Turf](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Juvenile_Fillies_Turf \"Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf\"){{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.nbcsports.com/horse\\-racing/jockey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-return\\-breeders\\-cup \\\|title\\=Jockey Gary Stevens to return in Breeders' Cup \\\|agency\\=\\[\\[Associated Press]] \\\|work\\=\\[\\[NBC News]] \\\|date\\=October 23, 2014 \\\|access\\-date\\=October 26, 2014 \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025025449/http://www.nbcsports.com/horse\\-racing/jockey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-return\\-breeders\\-cup \\\|archive\\-date\\=October 25, 2014 \\\|url\\-status\\=dead }} and [Breeders' Cup Sprint](/wiki/Breeders%27_Cup_Sprint \"Breeders' Cup Sprint\").", "### Injuries", "[thumb\\\|left\\\|Stevens on [Beholder](/wiki/Beholder_%28horse%29 \"Beholder (horse)\") in 2016, two years after his knee replacement surgery](/wiki/File:Songbird_and_Beholder_2.jpg \"Songbird and Beholder 2.jpg\")\nStevens' career as a jockey has been punctuated by a number of significant injuries. His first major accident was a starting gate training incident in 1985 when a horse threw him into the rail, putting him into a coma for 16 hours and causing serious injuries to his shoulder and right knee.{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Dwyre\\\|first1\\=Bill\\\|title\\=For 51\\-year\\-old Gary Stevens' next mount, he plans a winning sermon\\\|url\\=http://www.latimes.com/sports/la\\-sp\\-breeders\\-cup\\-dwyre\\-20141028\\-column.html\\\|work\\=\\[\\[Los Angeles Times]]\\\|access\\-date\\=October 29, 2014\\\|date\\=October 27, 2014}} In 2003, he suffered major injuries in the [Arlington Million](/wiki/Arlington_Million \"Arlington Million\") when his horse, in first place, spooked at the finish line, throwing him in front of the rest of the field, where one horse stepped on him, resulting in a collapsed lung and neck injuries. He returned to racing 19 days later.{{cite web\\\|last\\=Layden\\\|first\\=Tim\\\|url\\=https://www.si.com/vault/2003/10/27/352400/hollywood\\-ending\\-after\\-a\\-star\\-turn\\-in\\-seabiscuit\\-and\\-a\\-real\\-life\\-brush\\-with\\-death\\-gary\\-stevens\\-is\\-riding\\-high\\-again\\\|title\\=Hollywood Ending After a star turn in Seabiscuit and a real\\-life brush with death, Gary Stevens is riding high again\\\|website\\=SI.com\\\|date\\=October 27, 2003\\\|access\\-date\\=July 11, 2014}} Over the years, he had gone through approximately a dozen medical procedures on his right knee and three on his left, mostly [arthroscopic](/wiki/Arthroscopic \"Arthroscopic\") surgeries.{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Hovdey\\\|first1\\=Jay\\\|title\\=Gary Stevens plotting his encore\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/jay\\-hovdey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-plotting\\-his\\-encore\\\|website\\=Daily Racing Form\\\|access\\-date\\=October 29, 2014\\\|date\\=January 23, 2014}} In addition to his knee problems, he also had assorted surgeries on his right wrist and both shoulders.{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Hovdey\\\|first1\\=Jay\\\|title\\=Old injury continues to take toll on Stevens\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/hovdey\\-old\\-injury\\-continues\\-take\\-toll\\-stevens\\\|website\\=Daily Racing Form\\\|access\\-date\\=October 29, 2014\\\|date\\=July 25, 2014}}", "By 2014, his right knee required a total [knee replacement](/wiki/Knee_replacement \"Knee replacement\"). Medical testing revealed he also had been riding with a completely torn [ACL](/wiki/Anterior_cruciate_ligament \"Anterior cruciate ligament\").{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Privman\\\|first1\\=Jay\\\|title\\=Stevens's knee injury worse than initially thought\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevenss\\-knee\\-injury\\-worse\\-initially\\-thought\\\|website\\=Daily Racing Form\\\|access\\-date\\=July 21, 2014\\\|date\\=July 18, 2014}} Following surgery, Stevens stated that he developed an addiction to the prescription painkillers he was given, so he isolated himself for a week and went off the medication [cold turkey](/wiki/Cold_turkey \"Cold turkey\"), after which he felt that he finally began to fully recover from the surgery.{{cite web \\\|url\\=https://sports.vice.com/en\\_us/article/vice\\-sports\\-qa\\-legendary\\-jockey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-on\\-ponies\\-pills\\-and\\-racing\\-at\\-53 \\\|title\\=VICE Sports Q\\&A: Legendary Jockey Gary Stevens on Ponies, Pills, and Racing at 53 {{!}} VICE Sports \\\|website\\=sports.vice.com \\\|url\\-status\\=dead \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314063844/https://sports.vice.com/en\\_us/article/vice\\-sports\\-qa\\-legendary\\-jockey\\-gary\\-stevens\\-on\\-ponies\\-pills\\-and\\-racing\\-at\\-53 \\\|archive\\-date\\=2017\\-03\\-14}} Three months after the operation, he returned to racing, working horses in the morning, and accepted mounts for the 2014 Breeders' Cup. On November 22, he won his first race following his surgery, an [allowance optional claiming](/wiki/Allowance_Optional_Claiming \"Allowance Optional Claiming\") race at [Del Mar racetrack](/wiki/Del_Mar_racetrack \"Del Mar racetrack\").[http://www.equibase.com/static/chart/pdf/DMR112214USA1\\.pdf](http://www.equibase.com/static/chart/pdf/DMR112214USA1.pdf) (PDF) He returned to graded stakes\\-winning form with a Grade II win in the Grade II [Arcadia Handicap](/wiki/Arcadia_Handicap \"Arcadia Handicap\") on January 31, 2015{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/avanzare\\-much\\-improved\\-arcadia\\\|author\\=Steve Andersen\\\|title\\=Avanzare much improved in Arcadia\\\|publisher\\=Racing Daily Form\\\|date\\=January 31, 2015\\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2015}}{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse\\-racing/slideshows/slideshow/gary\\-stevens/gary\\-stevens\\\|title\\=Gary Stevens\\\|publisher\\=BloodHorse\\\|date\\=February 13, 2015\\\|access\\-date\\=September 16, 2015}}:53 and achieved his 5,000th North American win on February 13, 2015\\.", "In late December 2016, Stevens had [hip replacement](/wiki/Hip_replacement \"Hip replacement\") surgery on his left hip. He anticipated a recovery time of about 12 weeks, after which he declared that he intended to return to racing,{{cite web\\\|author1\\=Press Release\\\|title\\=Stevens After Hip Replacement Surgery: 'My Body Will Tell Me When I'm Ready' \\- Horse Racing News {{!}} Paulick Report\\\|url\\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/people/stevens\\-hip\\-replacement\\-surgery\\-body\\-will\\-tell\\-im\\-ready/\\\|website\\=Paulick Report\\\|access\\-date\\=13 January 2017\\\|date\\=December 26, 2016}} but indicated that 2017 might be his last year of racing, with the caveat, \"unless I come up with a really good 2\\-year\\-old who looks like he'll be a major contender for the 2018 Kentucky Derby.\"{{cite web\\\|last1\\=Finley\\\|first1\\=Bill\\\|title\\=Stevens Expects to Return in Spring, Says 2017 Likely Last Year \\\|url\\=http://www.thoroughbreddailynews.com/stevens\\-expects\\-to\\-return\\-in\\-spring\\-says\\-2017\\-likely\\-last\\-year/\\\|website\\=Thoroughbred Daily News\\\|access\\-date\\=13 January 2017\\\|date\\=January 8, 2017}} He returned to race riding on March 10,{{Cite news\\\|url\\=http://www.drf.com/news/stevens\\-returns\\-hip\\-surgery\\-goes\\-0\\-2\\\|title\\=Stevens returns from hip surgery, goes 0 for 2}} and rode a winning horse on March 11, 2017\\.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.paulickreport.com/news/people/lets\\-go\\-racin\\-folks\\-stevens\\-wins\\-first\\-race\\-back\\-hip\\-surgery/\\\|title\\='Let's Go Racin' Folks!' Stevens Back in Winner's Circle After Hip Surgery \\- Horse Racing News \\\| Paulick Report\\\|date\\=12 March 2017 }} Due to his multiple joint replacements, \"The [Bionic Man](/wiki/Bionic_Man \"Bionic Man\")\" became one of his nicknames.{{cite web \\\|title\\=Hall of Fame Jockey Gary Stevens Has Had $6 MILLION in Surgeries, Nicknamed \"Bionic Man\" \\\|url\\=https://www.foxsports.com/watch/1605844547567 \\\|website\\=FOX Sports \\\|access\\-date\\=27 September 2023 \\\|date\\=September 19, 2019}}", "### Permanent riding retirement", "On November 20, 2018, Stevens announced he was retiring as a jockey for good due to a neck injury that resulted from an accident at Del Mar on November 17\\. What was initially believed to be a pinched nerve turned out to be more serious. “\\[T]he [C\\-4](/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae \"Cervical vertebrae\") is up against the spinal cord,” he said, “There won't be any comeback from this one.” He made the decision after doctors informed him that the spinal injury could lead to a far more serious issue if he were to ever fall again.{{cite news \\\|title\\=Spinal injury forces Gary Stevens to retire from saddle \\\|url\\=https://www.drf.com/news/spinal\\-injury\\-forces\\-gary\\-stevens\\-retire\\-saddle \\\|work\\=\\[\\[Daily Racing Form]]\\\|language\\=en}} In 2019, he returned to being a sportscaster, working as a racing analyst for [Fox Sports](/wiki/Fox_Sports \"Fox Sports\").{{cite web \\\|title\\=Hall of Famer Gary Stevens to join FOX Sports as Analyst \\\|url\\=https://www.americasbestracing.net/lifestyle/2019\\-hall\\-famer\\-gary\\-stevens\\-join\\-fox\\-sports\\-analyst \\\|website\\=America's best racing \\\|date\\=February 7, 2019 \\\|access\\-date\\=25 May 2020 \\\|language\\=en \\\|archive\\-date\\=9 July 2021 \\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190703/https://www.americasbestracing.net/lifestyle/2019\\-hall\\-famer\\-gary\\-stevens\\-join\\-fox\\-sports\\-analyst \\\|url\\-status\\=dead }}", "" ]
History ------- ### WKOX\-FM (1960–1971\) The station signed on as WKOX\-FM on February 10, 1960, the [FM](/wiki/FM_radio "FM radio") companion of [WKOX (1190 AM)](/wiki/WXKS_%28AM%29 "WXKS (AM)").[Broadcasting Yearbook 1961\-62 page B\-81](http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1961-62/section%20B%201%20Radio%20%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201961-1962-9.pdf) Initially a simulcast of WKOX's daytime programming, WKOX\-FM exclusively aired classical music programming at night, oriented towards Boston's [MetroWest](/wiki/MetroWest "MetroWest") suburbs. In January 1969, the station began broadcasting a [top 40](/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio "Contemporary hit radio")/[album rock](/wiki/Album_rock "Album rock") format as The New FM 105, and then later as FM Stereo 105. WKOX\-FM was the Boston area's first FM top 40 station featuring live disc jockeys, including hosts Bill Thomas, Brother Bill Heizer, FM Douglas, program director Dick Stevens, John Leisher, Alan Fraser, J. William Charles, with Kenny McKay and Jimmy Conlee. WKOX\-FM converted to [stereo broadcasting](/wiki/Stereophonic_sound "Stereophonic sound") that July. ### WVBF (1971–1993\) WKOX and WKOX\-FM were acquired by Fairbanks Communications in July 1971\. After the sale, WKOX\-FM became WVBF (also known as the Electronic Mama), as a hybrid top 40/rock station, initially retaining some of the WKOX\-FM personalities. The call letters officially stood for "Welcome, Virginia Brown Fairbanks", the wife of station owner Richard M. Fairbanks; Richard also had a station named after himself, [WRMF](/wiki/WRMF "WRMF") in [West Palm Beach](/wiki/West_Palm_Beach "West Palm Beach"). WVBF improved its signal coverage, targeting the [Greater Boston](/wiki/Greater_Boston "Greater Boston") area. Some hosts added to WVBF during their early months included Buddy Ballou, John "Big John" Gillis, Bill "BLF Bash" Freeman and Charlie Kendall. During Fairbanks ownership in the 1970s, WVBF evolved from being a high energy top 40/rock hybrid station in 1971–1972, to becoming a mainstream [top 40](/wiki/Top_40 "Top 40") station by 1975, and eventually evolved into a [hot adult contemporary](/wiki/Hot_adult_contemporary "Hot adult contemporary") format over the years. WVBF also had many different nicknames in that era, including WVBF FM 105, WVBF Stereo 105, F105 WVBF and The New WVBF Boston 105. WVBF debuted a morning show in 1981 hosted by the team of Loren Owens and Wally Brine; eventually joined on\-air by [character actor](/wiki/Character_actor "Character actor")/[parody musician](/wiki/Parody_music "Parody music") Tom Doyle, newscaster Lauren Beckham Falcone, traffic reporter Hank Morse and producer Brian "Lung Boy" Bell. Loren and Wally would continue to air on the station even with multiple ownership, format and call letter changes{{cite news\\|last\=Simon\\|first\=Clea\\|title\=Loren and Wally: 20 years on air\\|url\=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2\-8668570\.html\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924201610/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2\-8668570\.html\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=September 24, 2015\\|access\-date\=December 8, 2012\\|newspaper\=\[\[The Boston Globe]]\\|date\=July 26, 2001}} until 2019,{{cite news \\|title\=Bob Bronson In, Loren Owens Out For Mornings At WROR/Boston \\|url\=https://www.allaccess.com/net\-news/archive/story/187530/bob\-bronson\-in\-loren\-owens\-out\-for\-mornings\-at\-wro \\|access\-date\=November 26, 2022 \\|work\=All Access \\|date\=June 28, 2019 \\|language\=en}} despite Brine's retirement in 2016\. In the early 1990s, [Delilah](/wiki/Delilah_Rene "Delilah Rene") was a host on WVBF before she moved to [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") and entered national syndication. ### WCLB/WKLB (1993–1996\) On February 12, 1993, citing the growing popularity of [country music](/wiki/Country_music "Country music"), WVBF became WCLB, "The Country Club".Susan Bickelhaupt, "Country's back on Boston's airwaves," The Boston Globe, February 12, 1993\.{{cite web\\|url\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive\-RandR/1990s/1993/RR\-1993\-02\-19\.pdf \\|title\=Boston's WCLB Preempts WCDJ Country Charge\\|date\=February 19, 1993\\|access\-date\=September 17, 2023\\|pages\=1}}[105\.7 WCLB TV Commercials 1993](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_roUYfhZ24/) The format change was made in an effort to throw off [Greater Media](/wiki/Greater_Media "Greater Media") from launching a country format on newly acquired [WCDJ (96\.9 FM)](/wiki/WBQT_%28FM%29 "WBQT (FM)"); that station went forward with its format switch, becoming WBCS, anyway. [Arbitron](/wiki/Arbitron "Arbitron") diary confusion with television station [WCVB\-TV](/wiki/WCVB-TV "WCVB-TV") (as "L" and "V" could read similar in handwriting) led to WCLB changing its call sign to WKLB in 1995\.Susan Bickelhaupt, "WGBH\-FM treks to Tanglewood," The Boston Globe, July 6, 1995\. In 1995, WKLB was sold to Evergreen Media, and was widely expected to become a talk station. However, a series of subsequent trades in 1996 placed WKLB under common ownership with WBCS via Greater Media.Susan Bickelhaupt, "WBCS\-FM owners to take over WKLB\-FM," The Boston Globe, June 15, 1996\. On August 24, 1996, the intellectual property of WKLB "merged" with WBCS, with the newly merged country station using the 96\.9 frequency of WBCS along with the WKLB call letters, combining personalities from both stations. Some WKLB personalities remained at the station for the new format, including Loren and Wally. The two stations simulcast for eleven days. ### WROR (1996–present) After the simulcast ended, on September 5, 1996, Greater Media changed WKLB's call letters to WROR, and changed the station's format to [oldies](/wiki/Oldies "Oldies").Susan Bickelhaupt, "'ROR\-FM back in letter and spirit," The Boston Globe, September 5, 1996\. The WROR callsign had previously been used on [98\.5 FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM "WBZ-FM") until 1991, later being been "[parked](/wiki/Domain_parking "Domain parking")" first on [WMFN (640 AM)](/wiki/WMFN "WMFN") in [Zeeland, Michigan](/wiki/Zeeland%2C_Michigan "Zeeland, Michigan"), then on [WROR (1150 AM)](/wiki/WWDJ "WWDJ"); the latter was also owned by Greater Media at the time. The "new" WROR played 1970s pop and rock oldies, [disco](/wiki/Disco "Disco"), some 1960s oldies, 1980s soft rock and top\-40 crossovers, along with some [classic rock](/wiki/Classic_rock "Classic rock"), and hired several staffers connected to the "old" WROR. Leading broadcasters involved with WROR in the 1970s and early 1980s included program director Gary Berkowitz and personalities such as: Joe Martell, Phil Redo, Larry Justice, Frank Kingston Smith, and former WROR general manager Tom Baker. By 1999, the format had been modified to classic rock, similar to co\-owned [WMGK](/wiki/WMGK "WMGK") in [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia"), but gradually moved back to more of a pop\-based classic hits format in 2006, emphasizing pop adult rock hits while mixing in some R\&B, disco, and harder rock songs. The station continues to emphasize the 1970s and 1980s, but also plays some well\-known 1990s hits and two 1960s songs: [Van Morrison](/wiki/Van_Morrison "Van Morrison")'s "[Brown Eyed Girl](/wiki/Brown_Eyed_Girl "Brown Eyed Girl")" and [Norman Greenbaum](/wiki/Norman_Greenbaum "Norman Greenbaum")'s "[Spirit in the Sky](/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Sky "Spirit in the Sky")" (although the latter was released as a single in the US in early 1970\). WROR became the market's lone classic hits station in 2012 following [WODS](/wiki/WBGB_%28FM%29 "WBGB (FM)")'s format switch to top 40\. [The Lost 45s](/wiki/The_Lost_45s "The Lost 45s") hosted by Barry Scott returned to WROR on September 2, 2012 (it has been on the station before it went to rival Oldies 103\.3 in 2001\), before being dropped in April 2014\. On July 19, 2016, [Beasley Media Group](/wiki/Beasley_Media_Group "Beasley Media Group") announced it would acquire Greater Media and its 21 stations (including WROR) for $240 million.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/107315/beasley\-acquires\-greater\-media/\\|title\=Beasley Acquires Greater Media\\|date\=August 3, 2016\\|website\=RadioInsight\\|language\=en\-US\\|access\-date\=December 31, 2019}} The FCC approved the sale on October 6, 2016, and the sale closed on November 1, 2016\.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/108958/beasley\-closes\-on\-greater\-media\-purchase\-makes\-multiple\-staff\-moves/\\|title\=Beasley Closes On Greater Media Purchase; Makes Multiple Staff Moves\\|date\=November 1, 2016\\|website\=RadioInsight\\|language\=en\-US\\|access\-date\=December 31, 2019}} Following Beasley's acquisition of [WBZ\-FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM "WBZ-FM") in 2017, WROR\-FM began broadcasting [Boston Celtics](/wiki/Boston_Celtics "Boston Celtics") games that conflict with broadcasts of the [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins "Boston Bruins") or the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots"); WBZ\-FM is the flagship station for all three teams. Tom Doyle was let go from the morning show on November 19, 2014; in December 2016, Wally Brine announced his retirement.{{cite web\\|url\=http://wror.com/wally/\#thanksservingb\\|title\=Wally Set To Retire His Alarm Clock!\\|access\-date\=September 17, 2023}} Hank Morse was let go on June 24, 2019, four days before Owens retired, citing an inability to reach terms on a contract extension. Bob Bronson, formerly of [WLTW](/wiki/WLTW "WLTW") in New York City and [WZID](/wiki/WZID "WZID") in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester%2C_New_Hampshire "Manchester, New Hampshire"), was teamed up with Loren and Wally holdovers Lauren Beckham Falcone and Brian Bell. In October 2022, Beasley Media made many staff cuts across the country, with WROR morning show producer Brian Bell and midday host Julie Devereaux being let go. Bell had been with the station since 1995; Devereaux had been with the station since 2000\. Beasley also laid off WROR program director Ken West.{{cite web \\| url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/243706/layoffs\-ongoing\-at\-beasley\-media\-group/ \\| title\=More Names from the Beasley Media Layoffs as Additional Markets Affected \- RadioInsight \\| date\=October 12, 2022 }} ### Christmas music From 2007 through 2011, WROR would switch to an all [Christmas music](/wiki/Christmas_music "Christmas music") format throughout the [holiday season](/wiki/Holiday_season "Holiday season");{{cite news\\|url\=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/1590807231\.html?dids\=1590807231:1590807231\&FMT\=ABS\&FMTS\=ABS:FT\&type\=current\&date\=Nov\+07%2C\+2008\&author\=JESSICA\+HESLAM\&pub\=Boston\+Herald\&desc\=Oh%2C\+joy!\+Radio\+stations\+take\+Christmas\+carol\+plunge\+early\&pqatl\=google\\|title\=Oh, joy! Radio stations take Christmas carol plunge early\\|last\=Heslam\\|first\=Jessica\\|date\=November 7, 2008\\|newspaper\=\[\[Boston Herald]]\\|access\-date\=December 8, 2012}}{{dead link\\|date\=July 2024\\|bot\=medic}}{{cbignore\\|bot\=medic}}{{cite news\\|url\=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2010/11/18/radio\-stations\-kick\-off\-holiday\-season/\\|title\=Radio Stations Kick Off Holiday Season\\|date\=November 18, 2010\\|newspaper\=\[\[CBS Boston]]\\|access\-date\=December 8, 2012}}{{Cite web\\|url\=http://www.radio\-info.com/news/bostons\-wror\-fm\-flips\-to\-christmas\-just\-after\-oldies\-1031\-does\\|title\=WROR flips to oldies music\\|access\-date\=May 23, 2012}} the station would also air a nightly call\-in program for children hosted by "[Santa Claus](/wiki/Santa_Claus "Santa Claus")". After WODS's 2012 format switch, then\-sister station [WMJX](/wiki/WMJX "WMJX") assumed the role of playing Christmas music annually.	[ "History\n-------", "### WKOX\\-FM (1960–1971\\)", "The station signed on as WKOX\\-FM on February 10, 1960, the [FM](/wiki/FM_radio \"FM radio\") companion of [WKOX (1190 AM)](/wiki/WXKS_%28AM%29 \"WXKS (AM)\").[Broadcasting Yearbook 1961\\-62 page B\\-81](http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-BC-YB/1961-62/section%20B%201%20Radio%20%20Broadcasting%20Yearbook%201961-1962-9.pdf) Initially a simulcast of WKOX's daytime programming, WKOX\\-FM exclusively aired classical music programming at night, oriented towards Boston's [MetroWest](/wiki/MetroWest \"MetroWest\") suburbs.", "In January 1969, the station began broadcasting a [top 40](/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio \"Contemporary hit radio\")/[album rock](/wiki/Album_rock \"Album rock\") format as The New FM 105, and then later as FM Stereo 105. WKOX\\-FM was the Boston area's first FM top 40 station featuring live disc jockeys, including hosts Bill Thomas, Brother Bill Heizer, FM Douglas, program director Dick Stevens, John Leisher, Alan Fraser, J. William Charles, with Kenny McKay and Jimmy Conlee. WKOX\\-FM converted to [stereo broadcasting](/wiki/Stereophonic_sound \"Stereophonic sound\") that July.", "### WVBF (1971–1993\\)", "WKOX and WKOX\\-FM were acquired by Fairbanks Communications in July 1971\\. After the sale, WKOX\\-FM became WVBF (also known as the Electronic Mama), as a hybrid top 40/rock station, initially retaining some of the WKOX\\-FM personalities. The call letters officially stood for \"Welcome, Virginia Brown Fairbanks\", the wife of station owner Richard M. Fairbanks; Richard also had a station named after himself, [WRMF](/wiki/WRMF \"WRMF\") in [West Palm Beach](/wiki/West_Palm_Beach \"West Palm Beach\"). WVBF improved its signal coverage, targeting the [Greater Boston](/wiki/Greater_Boston \"Greater Boston\") area. Some hosts added to WVBF during their early months included Buddy Ballou, John \"Big John\" Gillis, Bill \"BLF Bash\" Freeman and Charlie Kendall.", "During Fairbanks ownership in the 1970s, WVBF evolved from being a high energy top 40/rock hybrid station in 1971–1972, to becoming a mainstream [top 40](/wiki/Top_40 \"Top 40\") station by 1975, and eventually evolved into a [hot adult contemporary](/wiki/Hot_adult_contemporary \"Hot adult contemporary\") format over the years. WVBF also had many different nicknames in that era, including WVBF FM 105, WVBF Stereo 105, F105 WVBF and The New WVBF Boston 105.", "WVBF debuted a morning show in 1981 hosted by the team of Loren Owens and Wally Brine; eventually joined on\\-air by [character actor](/wiki/Character_actor \"Character actor\")/[parody musician](/wiki/Parody_music \"Parody music\") Tom Doyle, newscaster Lauren Beckham Falcone, traffic reporter Hank Morse and producer Brian \"Lung Boy\" Bell. Loren and Wally would continue to air on the station even with multiple ownership, format and call letter changes{{cite news\\\|last\\=Simon\\\|first\\=Clea\\\|title\\=Loren and Wally: 20 years on air\\\|url\\=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2\\-8668570\\.html\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924201610/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2\\-8668570\\.html\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=September 24, 2015\\\|access\\-date\\=December 8, 2012\\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[The Boston Globe]]\\\|date\\=July 26, 2001}} until 2019,{{cite news \\\|title\\=Bob Bronson In, Loren Owens Out For Mornings At WROR/Boston \\\|url\\=https://www.allaccess.com/net\\-news/archive/story/187530/bob\\-bronson\\-in\\-loren\\-owens\\-out\\-for\\-mornings\\-at\\-wro \\\|access\\-date\\=November 26, 2022 \\\|work\\=All Access \\\|date\\=June 28, 2019 \\\|language\\=en}} despite Brine's retirement in 2016\\.", "In the early 1990s, [Delilah](/wiki/Delilah_Rene \"Delilah Rene\") was a host on WVBF before she moved to [Seattle](/wiki/Seattle \"Seattle\") and entered national syndication.", "### WCLB/WKLB (1993–1996\\)", "On February 12, 1993, citing the growing popularity of [country music](/wiki/Country_music \"Country music\"), WVBF became WCLB, \"The Country Club\".Susan Bickelhaupt, \"Country's back on Boston's airwaves,\" The Boston Globe, February 12, 1993\\.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive\\-RandR/1990s/1993/RR\\-1993\\-02\\-19\\.pdf \\\|title\\=Boston's WCLB Preempts WCDJ Country Charge\\\|date\\=February 19, 1993\\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2023\\\|pages\\=1}}[105\\.7 WCLB TV Commercials 1993](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_roUYfhZ24/) The format change was made in an effort to throw off [Greater Media](/wiki/Greater_Media \"Greater Media\") from launching a country format on newly acquired [WCDJ (96\\.9 FM)](/wiki/WBQT_%28FM%29 \"WBQT (FM)\"); that station went forward with its format switch, becoming WBCS, anyway. [Arbitron](/wiki/Arbitron \"Arbitron\") diary confusion with television station [WCVB\\-TV](/wiki/WCVB-TV \"WCVB-TV\") (as \"L\" and \"V\" could read similar in handwriting) led to WCLB changing its call sign to WKLB in 1995\\.Susan Bickelhaupt, \"WGBH\\-FM treks to Tanglewood,\" The Boston Globe, July 6, 1995\\.", "In 1995, WKLB was sold to Evergreen Media, and was widely expected to become a talk station. However, a series of subsequent trades in 1996 placed WKLB under common ownership with WBCS via Greater Media.Susan Bickelhaupt, \"WBCS\\-FM owners to take over WKLB\\-FM,\" The Boston Globe, June 15, 1996\\.", "On August 24, 1996, the intellectual property of WKLB \"merged\" with WBCS, with the newly merged country station using the 96\\.9 frequency of WBCS along with the WKLB call letters, combining personalities from both stations. Some WKLB personalities remained at the station for the new format, including Loren and Wally. The two stations simulcast for eleven days.", "### WROR (1996–present)", "After the simulcast ended, on September 5, 1996, Greater Media changed WKLB's call letters to WROR, and changed the station's format to [oldies](/wiki/Oldies \"Oldies\").Susan Bickelhaupt, \"'ROR\\-FM back in letter and spirit,\" The Boston Globe, September 5, 1996\\. The WROR callsign had previously been used on [98\\.5 FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM \"WBZ-FM\") until 1991, later being been \"[parked](/wiki/Domain_parking \"Domain parking\")\" first on [WMFN (640 AM)](/wiki/WMFN \"WMFN\") in [Zeeland, Michigan](/wiki/Zeeland%2C_Michigan \"Zeeland, Michigan\"), then on [WROR (1150 AM)](/wiki/WWDJ \"WWDJ\"); the latter was also owned by Greater Media at the time.", "The \"new\" WROR played 1970s pop and rock oldies, [disco](/wiki/Disco \"Disco\"), some 1960s oldies, 1980s soft rock and top\\-40 crossovers, along with some [classic rock](/wiki/Classic_rock \"Classic rock\"), and hired several staffers connected to the \"old\" WROR. Leading broadcasters involved with WROR in the 1970s and early 1980s included program director Gary Berkowitz and personalities such as: Joe Martell, Phil Redo, Larry Justice, Frank Kingston Smith, and former WROR general manager Tom Baker.", "By 1999, the format had been modified to classic rock, similar to co\\-owned [WMGK](/wiki/WMGK \"WMGK\") in [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\"), but gradually moved back to more of a pop\\-based classic hits format in 2006, emphasizing pop adult rock hits while mixing in some R\\&B, disco, and harder rock songs. The station continues to emphasize the 1970s and 1980s, but also plays some well\\-known 1990s hits and two 1960s songs: [Van Morrison](/wiki/Van_Morrison \"Van Morrison\")'s \"[Brown Eyed Girl](/wiki/Brown_Eyed_Girl \"Brown Eyed Girl\")\" and [Norman Greenbaum](/wiki/Norman_Greenbaum \"Norman Greenbaum\")'s \"[Spirit in the Sky](/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Sky \"Spirit in the Sky\")\" (although the latter was released as a single in the US in early 1970\\). WROR became the market's lone classic hits station in 2012 following [WODS](/wiki/WBGB_%28FM%29 \"WBGB (FM)\")'s format switch to top 40\\. [The Lost 45s](/wiki/The_Lost_45s \"The Lost 45s\") hosted by Barry Scott returned to WROR on September 2, 2012 (it has been on the station before it went to rival Oldies 103\\.3 in 2001\\), before being dropped in April 2014\\.", "On July 19, 2016, [Beasley Media Group](/wiki/Beasley_Media_Group \"Beasley Media Group\") announced it would acquire Greater Media and its 21 stations (including WROR) for $240 million.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/107315/beasley\\-acquires\\-greater\\-media/\\\|title\\=Beasley Acquires Greater Media\\\|date\\=August 3, 2016\\\|website\\=RadioInsight\\\|language\\=en\\-US\\\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2019}} The FCC approved the sale on October 6, 2016, and the sale closed on November 1, 2016\\.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/108958/beasley\\-closes\\-on\\-greater\\-media\\-purchase\\-makes\\-multiple\\-staff\\-moves/\\\|title\\=Beasley Closes On Greater Media Purchase; Makes Multiple Staff Moves\\\|date\\=November 1, 2016\\\|website\\=RadioInsight\\\|language\\=en\\-US\\\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2019}} Following Beasley's acquisition of [WBZ\\-FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM \"WBZ-FM\") in 2017, WROR\\-FM began broadcasting [Boston Celtics](/wiki/Boston_Celtics \"Boston Celtics\") games that conflict with broadcasts of the [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins \"Boston Bruins\") or the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\"); WBZ\\-FM is the flagship station for all three teams.", "Tom Doyle was let go from the morning show on November 19, 2014; in December 2016, Wally Brine announced his retirement.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://wror.com/wally/\\#thanksservingb\\\|title\\=Wally Set To Retire His Alarm Clock!\\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2023}} Hank Morse was let go on June 24, 2019, four days before Owens retired, citing an inability to reach terms on a contract extension. Bob Bronson, formerly of [WLTW](/wiki/WLTW \"WLTW\") in New York City and [WZID](/wiki/WZID \"WZID\") in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester%2C_New_Hampshire \"Manchester, New Hampshire\"), was teamed up with Loren and Wally holdovers Lauren Beckham Falcone and Brian Bell.", "In October 2022, Beasley Media made many staff cuts across the country, with WROR morning show producer Brian Bell and midday host Julie Devereaux being let go. Bell had been with the station since 1995; Devereaux had been with the station since 2000\\. Beasley also laid off WROR program director Ken West.{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/243706/layoffs\\-ongoing\\-at\\-beasley\\-media\\-group/ \\\| title\\=More Names from the Beasley Media Layoffs as Additional Markets Affected \\- RadioInsight \\\| date\\=October 12, 2022 }}", "### Christmas music", "From 2007 through 2011, WROR would switch to an all [Christmas music](/wiki/Christmas_music \"Christmas music\") format throughout the [holiday season](/wiki/Holiday_season \"Holiday season\");{{cite news\\\|url\\=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/1590807231\\.html?dids\\=1590807231:1590807231\\&FMT\\=ABS\\&FMTS\\=ABS:FT\\&type\\=current\\&date\\=Nov\\+07%2C\\+2008\\&author\\=JESSICA\\+HESLAM\\&pub\\=Boston\\+Herald\\&desc\\=Oh%2C\\+joy!\\+Radio\\+stations\\+take\\+Christmas\\+carol\\+plunge\\+early\\&pqatl\\=google\\\|title\\=Oh, joy! Radio stations take Christmas carol plunge early\\\|last\\=Heslam\\\|first\\=Jessica\\\|date\\=November 7, 2008\\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[Boston Herald]]\\\|access\\-date\\=December 8, 2012}}{{dead link\\\|date\\=July 2024\\\|bot\\=medic}}{{cbignore\\\|bot\\=medic}}{{cite news\\\|url\\=http://boston.cbslocal.com/2010/11/18/radio\\-stations\\-kick\\-off\\-holiday\\-season/\\\|title\\=Radio Stations Kick Off Holiday Season\\\|date\\=November 18, 2010\\\|newspaper\\=\\[\\[CBS Boston]]\\\|access\\-date\\=December 8, 2012}}{{Cite web\\\|url\\=http://www.radio\\-info.com/news/bostons\\-wror\\-fm\\-flips\\-to\\-christmas\\-just\\-after\\-oldies\\-1031\\-does\\\|title\\=WROR flips to oldies music\\\|access\\-date\\=May 23, 2012}} the station would also air a nightly call\\-in program for children hosted by \"[Santa Claus](/wiki/Santa_Claus \"Santa Claus\")\". After WODS's 2012 format switch, then\\-sister station [WMJX](/wiki/WMJX \"WMJX\") assumed the role of playing Christmas music annually.", "" ]
### WROR (1996–present) After the simulcast ended, on September 5, 1996, Greater Media changed WKLB's call letters to WROR, and changed the station's format to [oldies](/wiki/Oldies "Oldies").Susan Bickelhaupt, "'ROR\-FM back in letter and spirit," The Boston Globe, September 5, 1996\. The WROR callsign had previously been used on [98\.5 FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM "WBZ-FM") until 1991, later being been "[parked](/wiki/Domain_parking "Domain parking")" first on [WMFN (640 AM)](/wiki/WMFN "WMFN") in [Zeeland, Michigan](/wiki/Zeeland%2C_Michigan "Zeeland, Michigan"), then on [WROR (1150 AM)](/wiki/WWDJ "WWDJ"); the latter was also owned by Greater Media at the time. The "new" WROR played 1970s pop and rock oldies, [disco](/wiki/Disco "Disco"), some 1960s oldies, 1980s soft rock and top\-40 crossovers, along with some [classic rock](/wiki/Classic_rock "Classic rock"), and hired several staffers connected to the "old" WROR. Leading broadcasters involved with WROR in the 1970s and early 1980s included program director Gary Berkowitz and personalities such as: Joe Martell, Phil Redo, Larry Justice, Frank Kingston Smith, and former WROR general manager Tom Baker. By 1999, the format had been modified to classic rock, similar to co\-owned [WMGK](/wiki/WMGK "WMGK") in [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia"), but gradually moved back to more of a pop\-based classic hits format in 2006, emphasizing pop adult rock hits while mixing in some R\&B, disco, and harder rock songs. The station continues to emphasize the 1970s and 1980s, but also plays some well\-known 1990s hits and two 1960s songs: [Van Morrison](/wiki/Van_Morrison "Van Morrison")'s "[Brown Eyed Girl](/wiki/Brown_Eyed_Girl "Brown Eyed Girl")" and [Norman Greenbaum](/wiki/Norman_Greenbaum "Norman Greenbaum")'s "[Spirit in the Sky](/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Sky "Spirit in the Sky")" (although the latter was released as a single in the US in early 1970\). WROR became the market's lone classic hits station in 2012 following [WODS](/wiki/WBGB_%28FM%29 "WBGB (FM)")'s format switch to top 40\. [The Lost 45s](/wiki/The_Lost_45s "The Lost 45s") hosted by Barry Scott returned to WROR on September 2, 2012 (it has been on the station before it went to rival Oldies 103\.3 in 2001\), before being dropped in April 2014\. On July 19, 2016, [Beasley Media Group](/wiki/Beasley_Media_Group "Beasley Media Group") announced it would acquire Greater Media and its 21 stations (including WROR) for $240 million.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/107315/beasley\-acquires\-greater\-media/\\|title\=Beasley Acquires Greater Media\\|date\=August 3, 2016\\|website\=RadioInsight\\|language\=en\-US\\|access\-date\=December 31, 2019}} The FCC approved the sale on October 6, 2016, and the sale closed on November 1, 2016\.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/108958/beasley\-closes\-on\-greater\-media\-purchase\-makes\-multiple\-staff\-moves/\\|title\=Beasley Closes On Greater Media Purchase; Makes Multiple Staff Moves\\|date\=November 1, 2016\\|website\=RadioInsight\\|language\=en\-US\\|access\-date\=December 31, 2019}} Following Beasley's acquisition of [WBZ\-FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM "WBZ-FM") in 2017, WROR\-FM began broadcasting [Boston Celtics](/wiki/Boston_Celtics "Boston Celtics") games that conflict with broadcasts of the [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins "Boston Bruins") or the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots "New England Patriots"); WBZ\-FM is the flagship station for all three teams. Tom Doyle was let go from the morning show on November 19, 2014; in December 2016, Wally Brine announced his retirement.{{cite web\\|url\=http://wror.com/wally/\#thanksservingb\\|title\=Wally Set To Retire His Alarm Clock!\\|access\-date\=September 17, 2023}} Hank Morse was let go on June 24, 2019, four days before Owens retired, citing an inability to reach terms on a contract extension. Bob Bronson, formerly of [WLTW](/wiki/WLTW "WLTW") in New York City and [WZID](/wiki/WZID "WZID") in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester%2C_New_Hampshire "Manchester, New Hampshire"), was teamed up with Loren and Wally holdovers Lauren Beckham Falcone and Brian Bell. In October 2022, Beasley Media made many staff cuts across the country, with WROR morning show producer Brian Bell and midday host Julie Devereaux being let go. Bell had been with the station since 1995; Devereaux had been with the station since 2000\. Beasley also laid off WROR program director Ken West.{{cite web \\| url\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/243706/layoffs\-ongoing\-at\-beasley\-media\-group/ \\| title\=More Names from the Beasley Media Layoffs as Additional Markets Affected \- RadioInsight \\| date\=October 12, 2022 }}	[ "### WROR (1996–present)", "After the simulcast ended, on September 5, 1996, Greater Media changed WKLB's call letters to WROR, and changed the station's format to [oldies](/wiki/Oldies \"Oldies\").Susan Bickelhaupt, \"'ROR\\-FM back in letter and spirit,\" The Boston Globe, September 5, 1996\\. The WROR callsign had previously been used on [98\\.5 FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM \"WBZ-FM\") until 1991, later being been \"[parked](/wiki/Domain_parking \"Domain parking\")\" first on [WMFN (640 AM)](/wiki/WMFN \"WMFN\") in [Zeeland, Michigan](/wiki/Zeeland%2C_Michigan \"Zeeland, Michigan\"), then on [WROR (1150 AM)](/wiki/WWDJ \"WWDJ\"); the latter was also owned by Greater Media at the time.", "The \"new\" WROR played 1970s pop and rock oldies, [disco](/wiki/Disco \"Disco\"), some 1960s oldies, 1980s soft rock and top\\-40 crossovers, along with some [classic rock](/wiki/Classic_rock \"Classic rock\"), and hired several staffers connected to the \"old\" WROR. Leading broadcasters involved with WROR in the 1970s and early 1980s included program director Gary Berkowitz and personalities such as: Joe Martell, Phil Redo, Larry Justice, Frank Kingston Smith, and former WROR general manager Tom Baker.", "By 1999, the format had been modified to classic rock, similar to co\\-owned [WMGK](/wiki/WMGK \"WMGK\") in [Philadelphia](/wiki/Philadelphia \"Philadelphia\"), but gradually moved back to more of a pop\\-based classic hits format in 2006, emphasizing pop adult rock hits while mixing in some R\\&B, disco, and harder rock songs. The station continues to emphasize the 1970s and 1980s, but also plays some well\\-known 1990s hits and two 1960s songs: [Van Morrison](/wiki/Van_Morrison \"Van Morrison\")'s \"[Brown Eyed Girl](/wiki/Brown_Eyed_Girl \"Brown Eyed Girl\")\" and [Norman Greenbaum](/wiki/Norman_Greenbaum \"Norman Greenbaum\")'s \"[Spirit in the Sky](/wiki/Spirit_in_the_Sky \"Spirit in the Sky\")\" (although the latter was released as a single in the US in early 1970\\). WROR became the market's lone classic hits station in 2012 following [WODS](/wiki/WBGB_%28FM%29 \"WBGB (FM)\")'s format switch to top 40\\. [The Lost 45s](/wiki/The_Lost_45s \"The Lost 45s\") hosted by Barry Scott returned to WROR on September 2, 2012 (it has been on the station before it went to rival Oldies 103\\.3 in 2001\\), before being dropped in April 2014\\.", "On July 19, 2016, [Beasley Media Group](/wiki/Beasley_Media_Group \"Beasley Media Group\") announced it would acquire Greater Media and its 21 stations (including WROR) for $240 million.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/107315/beasley\\-acquires\\-greater\\-media/\\\|title\\=Beasley Acquires Greater Media\\\|date\\=August 3, 2016\\\|website\\=RadioInsight\\\|language\\=en\\-US\\\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2019}} The FCC approved the sale on October 6, 2016, and the sale closed on November 1, 2016\\.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/108958/beasley\\-closes\\-on\\-greater\\-media\\-purchase\\-makes\\-multiple\\-staff\\-moves/\\\|title\\=Beasley Closes On Greater Media Purchase; Makes Multiple Staff Moves\\\|date\\=November 1, 2016\\\|website\\=RadioInsight\\\|language\\=en\\-US\\\|access\\-date\\=December 31, 2019}} Following Beasley's acquisition of [WBZ\\-FM](/wiki/WBZ-FM \"WBZ-FM\") in 2017, WROR\\-FM began broadcasting [Boston Celtics](/wiki/Boston_Celtics \"Boston Celtics\") games that conflict with broadcasts of the [Boston Bruins](/wiki/Boston_Bruins \"Boston Bruins\") or the [New England Patriots](/wiki/New_England_Patriots \"New England Patriots\"); WBZ\\-FM is the flagship station for all three teams.", "Tom Doyle was let go from the morning show on November 19, 2014; in December 2016, Wally Brine announced his retirement.{{cite web\\\|url\\=http://wror.com/wally/\\#thanksservingb\\\|title\\=Wally Set To Retire His Alarm Clock!\\\|access\\-date\\=September 17, 2023}} Hank Morse was let go on June 24, 2019, four days before Owens retired, citing an inability to reach terms on a contract extension. Bob Bronson, formerly of [WLTW](/wiki/WLTW \"WLTW\") in New York City and [WZID](/wiki/WZID \"WZID\") in [Manchester](/wiki/Manchester%2C_New_Hampshire \"Manchester, New Hampshire\"), was teamed up with Loren and Wally holdovers Lauren Beckham Falcone and Brian Bell.", "In October 2022, Beasley Media made many staff cuts across the country, with WROR morning show producer Brian Bell and midday host Julie Devereaux being let go. Bell had been with the station since 1995; Devereaux had been with the station since 2000\\. Beasley also laid off WROR program director Ken West.{{cite web \\\| url\\=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/243706/layoffs\\-ongoing\\-at\\-beasley\\-media\\-group/ \\\| title\\=More Names from the Beasley Media Layoffs as Additional Markets Affected \\- RadioInsight \\\| date\\=October 12, 2022 }}", "" ]
Biography --------- Windels was born in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn "Brooklyn"), [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City "New York City"), on December 7, 1885, the son of Pauline Klink and John Henry Windels. He graduated from [Columbia College](/wiki/Columbia_College_%28New_York%29 "Columbia College (New York)") in 1908 and [Brooklyn Law School](/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School "Brooklyn Law School") in 1909\. Windels was a Republican leader in the [New York City Assembly](/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly "New York State Assembly") District 4 and became a counsel to the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission. He then became associate counsel of the [Port Authority of New York and New Jersey](/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey") in 1930 when the commission was merged with the Port Authority. Windels was named Corporation Counsel of New York City in 1934 and served under La Guardia's first term, during which he reorganized the activities of the law department and instituted new rules that ended excessive claims against the city, saving the city over $50 million. He returned to private practice in 1937, while serving as chairman of the New York City Traffic Commission and the Mayor's Committee on Housing Legislation. He was a partner in the firm of Windels, Merritt, and Ingraham, and specialized in corporate and municipal litigation. Windels was a delegate to the [Republican National Convention](/wiki/Republican_National_Convention "Republican National Convention") from 1920 to 1928 and in 1940, when he was one of the first [New York state](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 "New York (state)") delegates to support [Wendell Willkie](/wiki/Wendell_Willkie "Wendell Willkie")'s nomination for the [United States presidency](/wiki/United_States_presidency "United States presidency"). He was chief counsel of the [Rapp\-Coudert Committee](/wiki/Rapp-Coudert_Committee "Rapp-Coudert Committee"), which investigated the extent of [communist](/wiki/Communist "Communist") influence in the [public education](/wiki/Public_school_%28government_funded%29 "Public school (government funded)") system of the state of New York and was responsible for the dismissal of over 50 teachers and clerks at city colleges and public schools for alleged communist sympathies. Windels was active in civic life of New York City. He served as the chairman of the [Committee of Fifteen](/wiki/Committee_of_Fifteen "Committee of Fifteen") from 1930 to 1940 and chairman of the Citizen's Transit Committee, which advocated the creation of the [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority "Metropolitan Transportation Authority"), from 1943 to 1949\. From 1943 to 1952, he was also President of the Regional Plan Association of New York. He was also president of the Brooklyn Heights Association. Windels was a trustee of the [Brooklyn Daily Eagle](/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle "Brooklyn Daily Eagle"), [Bowery Savings Bank](/wiki/Bowery_Savings_Bank "Bowery Savings Bank"), and the [Brooklyn Public Library](/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library "Brooklyn Public Library"), as well as a former vice president of the [Brooklyn Law School](/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School "Brooklyn Law School"). He was also active in French cultural affairs by co\-founding and chairing the boards of the [Lycée Français de New York](/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_New_York "Lycée Français de New York") and serving as chairman of the [French Institute Alliance Française](/wiki/French_Institute_Alliance_Fran%C3%A7aise "French Institute Alliance Française") and president of the [Museum of French Art](/wiki/Museum_of_French_Art "Museum of French Art").{{Cite web \\|title\=LFNY alum \\|url\=http://alumni.lfny.org/September09/en/ \\|access\-date\=2022\-07\-08 \\|website\=alumni.lfny.org}} Windels died on December 16, 1967, at age 82, in [Norwalk, Connecticut](/wiki/Norwalk%2C_Connecticut "Norwalk, Connecticut").	[ "Biography\n---------", "Windels was born in [Brooklyn](/wiki/Brooklyn \"Brooklyn\"), [New York City](/wiki/New_York_City \"New York City\"), on December 7, 1885, the son of Pauline Klink and John Henry Windels. He graduated from [Columbia College](/wiki/Columbia_College_%28New_York%29 \"Columbia College (New York)\") in 1908 and [Brooklyn Law School](/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School \"Brooklyn Law School\") in 1909\\.", "Windels was a Republican leader in the [New York City Assembly](/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly \"New York State Assembly\") District 4 and became a counsel to the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission. He then became associate counsel of the [Port Authority of New York and New Jersey](/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey \"Port Authority of New York and New Jersey\") in 1930 when the commission was merged with the Port Authority.", "Windels was named Corporation Counsel of New York City in 1934 and served under La Guardia's first term, during which he reorganized the activities of the law department and instituted new rules that ended excessive claims against the city, saving the city over $50 million. He returned to private practice in 1937, while serving as chairman of the New York City Traffic Commission and the Mayor's Committee on Housing Legislation. He was a partner in the firm of Windels, Merritt, and Ingraham, and specialized in corporate and municipal litigation.", "Windels was a delegate to the [Republican National Convention](/wiki/Republican_National_Convention \"Republican National Convention\") from 1920 to 1928 and in 1940, when he was one of the first [New York state](/wiki/New_York_%28state%29 \"New York (state)\") delegates to support [Wendell Willkie](/wiki/Wendell_Willkie \"Wendell Willkie\")'s nomination for the [United States presidency](/wiki/United_States_presidency \"United States presidency\"). He was chief counsel of the [Rapp\\-Coudert Committee](/wiki/Rapp-Coudert_Committee \"Rapp-Coudert Committee\"), which investigated the extent of [communist](/wiki/Communist \"Communist\") influence in the [public education](/wiki/Public_school_%28government_funded%29 \"Public school (government funded)\") system of the state of New York and was responsible for the dismissal of over 50 teachers and clerks at city colleges and public schools for alleged communist sympathies.", "Windels was active in civic life of New York City. He served as the chairman of the [Committee of Fifteen](/wiki/Committee_of_Fifteen \"Committee of Fifteen\") from 1930 to 1940 and chairman of the Citizen's Transit Committee, which advocated the creation of the [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority \"Metropolitan Transportation Authority\"), from 1943 to 1949\\. From 1943 to 1952, he was also President of the Regional Plan Association of New York. He was also president of the Brooklyn Heights Association.", "Windels was a trustee of the [Brooklyn Daily Eagle](/wiki/Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle \"Brooklyn Daily Eagle\"), [Bowery Savings Bank](/wiki/Bowery_Savings_Bank \"Bowery Savings Bank\"), and the [Brooklyn Public Library](/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library \"Brooklyn Public Library\"), as well as a former vice president of the [Brooklyn Law School](/wiki/Brooklyn_Law_School \"Brooklyn Law School\"). He was also active in French cultural affairs by co\\-founding and chairing the boards of the [Lycée Français de New York](/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ais_de_New_York \"Lycée Français de New York\") and serving as chairman of the [French Institute Alliance Française](/wiki/French_Institute_Alliance_Fran%C3%A7aise \"French Institute Alliance Française\") and president of the [Museum of French Art](/wiki/Museum_of_French_Art \"Museum of French Art\").{{Cite web \\\|title\\=LFNY alum \\\|url\\=http://alumni.lfny.org/September09/en/ \\\|access\\-date\\=2022\\-07\\-08 \\\|website\\=alumni.lfny.org}}", "Windels died on December 16, 1967, at age 82, in [Norwalk, Connecticut](/wiki/Norwalk%2C_Connecticut \"Norwalk, Connecticut\").", "" ]
Coaching career --------------- Kaufusi began his coaching career in 2004, when he embarked on a four\-year stint as an assistant coach at [Cottonwood High School](/wiki/Cottonwood_High_School_%28Murray%2C_Utah%29 "Cottonwood High School (Murray, Utah)") in [Murray, Utah](/wiki/Murray%2C_Utah "Murray, Utah"), a suburb of Salt Lake City. Kaufusi coached Cottonwood's defensive line, and he was also in charge of academics and helped with strength and conditioning. In 2009, Kaufusi became an administrative assistant at the University of Utah, his alma mater. He helped with the cornerbacks, which contributed to a passing defense that ranked 14th in the nation that season. Kaufusi went on to serve at [Weber State](/wiki/Weber_State_Wildcats_football "Weber State Wildcats football") as the defensive ends coach, where he spent the 2010 and 2011 seasons. In 2012 and 2013, Kaufusi served as a defensive graduate assistant at [BYU](/wiki/BYU_Cougars_football "BYU Cougars football"), where he was also the team's academic advisor. Kaufusi returned to Weber State in 2014, and he went on to coach the defensive ends there for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. After Weber State led the [Big Sky Conference](/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference "Big Sky Conference") in total defense in the 2015 season, Kaufusi was promoted to [defensive coordinator](/wiki/Defensive_coordinator "Defensive coordinator") in 2016\. With Kaufusi as defensive coordinator, Weber State reached the [Football Championship Subdivision](/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision "Football Championship Subdivision") playoffs for the first time since 2009\. That same season, Weber State ranked first in the Big Sky Conference in passing defense, allowing a mere 193\.5 yards per game, and five of the Wildcats' defensive players earned all\-conference honors. In 2017, Kaufusi went to [Nevada](/wiki/Nevada_Wolf_Pack_football "Nevada Wolf Pack football"), where he served as the defensive line coach for the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Kaufusi coached Malik Reed and Korey Rush, who earned first\-team All\-Mountain West honors in the 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively. In 2019, Kaufusi was hired as the outside linebackers coach at [UCLA](/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_football "UCLA Bruins football"). One of the linebackers of Kaufusi's unit, Josh Woods, posted career highs in tackles, tackles for loss, and quarterback sacks. UCLA increased its total number of quarterback sacks from 11 in the 2018 season to 26 in 2019\.{{Cite web\\|url\=https://uclabruins.com/staff\-directory/jason\-kaufusi/5783\\|title\=Jason Kaufusi \- Outside Linebackers \- Staff Directory}} In December of 2021, Kaufusi was hired by head coach [Jedd Fisch](/wiki/Jedd_Fisch "Jedd Fisch") to coach outside linebackers at [Arizona](/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats_football "Arizona Wildcats football"). In January of 2024, Kaufusi was hired by the [Washington Huskies](/wiki/Washington_Huskies_football "Washington Huskies football") run game coordinator and defensive line coordinator.	[ "Coaching career\n---------------", "Kaufusi began his coaching career in 2004, when he embarked on a four\\-year stint as an assistant coach at [Cottonwood High School](/wiki/Cottonwood_High_School_%28Murray%2C_Utah%29 \"Cottonwood High School (Murray, Utah)\") in [Murray, Utah](/wiki/Murray%2C_Utah \"Murray, Utah\"), a suburb of Salt Lake City. Kaufusi coached Cottonwood's defensive line, and he was also in charge of academics and helped with strength and conditioning.", "In 2009, Kaufusi became an administrative assistant at the University of Utah, his alma mater. He helped with the cornerbacks, which contributed to a passing defense that ranked 14th in the nation that season. Kaufusi went on to serve at [Weber State](/wiki/Weber_State_Wildcats_football \"Weber State Wildcats football\") as the defensive ends coach, where he spent the 2010 and 2011 seasons. In 2012 and 2013, Kaufusi served as a defensive graduate assistant at [BYU](/wiki/BYU_Cougars_football \"BYU Cougars football\"), where he was also the team's academic advisor.", "Kaufusi returned to Weber State in 2014, and he went on to coach the defensive ends there for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. After Weber State led the [Big Sky Conference](/wiki/Big_Sky_Conference \"Big Sky Conference\") in total defense in the 2015 season, Kaufusi was promoted to [defensive coordinator](/wiki/Defensive_coordinator \"Defensive coordinator\") in 2016\\. With Kaufusi as defensive coordinator, Weber State reached the [Football Championship Subdivision](/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision \"Football Championship Subdivision\") playoffs for the first time since 2009\\. That same season, Weber State ranked first in the Big Sky Conference in passing defense, allowing a mere 193\\.5 yards per game, and five of the Wildcats' defensive players earned all\\-conference honors.", "In 2017, Kaufusi went to [Nevada](/wiki/Nevada_Wolf_Pack_football \"Nevada Wolf Pack football\"), where he served as the defensive line coach for the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Kaufusi coached Malik Reed and Korey Rush, who earned first\\-team All\\-Mountain West honors in the 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively.", "In 2019, Kaufusi was hired as the outside linebackers coach at [UCLA](/wiki/UCLA_Bruins_football \"UCLA Bruins football\"). One of the linebackers of Kaufusi's unit, Josh Woods, posted career highs in tackles, tackles for loss, and quarterback sacks. UCLA increased its total number of quarterback sacks from 11 in the 2018 season to 26 in 2019\\.{{Cite web\\\|url\\=https://uclabruins.com/staff\\-directory/jason\\-kaufusi/5783\\\|title\\=Jason Kaufusi \\- Outside Linebackers \\- Staff Directory}}", "In December of 2021, Kaufusi was hired by head coach [Jedd Fisch](/wiki/Jedd_Fisch \"Jedd Fisch\") to coach outside linebackers at [Arizona](/wiki/Arizona_Wildcats_football \"Arizona Wildcats football\").", "In January of 2024, Kaufusi was hired by the [Washington Huskies](/wiki/Washington_Huskies_football \"Washington Huskies football\") run game coordinator and defensive line coordinator.", "" ]
Recent cases ------------ United States of America A lawsuit was directed at 11 users of the [Popcorn Time](/wiki/Popcorn_Time "Popcorn Time") software. Popcorn Time is a free alternative to subscription\-based [video streaming](/wiki/Video_streaming "Video streaming") services such as [Amazon Video](/wiki/Amazon_Video "Amazon Video") and [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix "Netflix").{{Citation needed\\|date\=February 2023}} In September 2015, one of Maverickeye's lawyers filed a lawsuit against 16 infringers using Maverickeye's data to prove that infringers collaborated over Popcorn Time. In Glacier Films v. Doe 3:15\-cv\-02016, the same partner lawyer was able to “see through dynamic IP addresses”. (Source: [Rational Rights](http://rationalrights.com/)){{Citation needed\\|date\=February 2023}} In total, Maverickeye was able to deliver data for over 200 federal cases and never lost one case. United Kingdom The company reached out to [BAFTA](/wiki/BAFTA "BAFTA"), [UK Film Council](/wiki/UK_Film_Council "UK Film Council"), Lord Lucas, Lord Clement\-Jones, FACT and many others to explain and talk about the reduction of Internet copyright infringement by 30% in Germany. However, the idea of making the subscriber liable for infringements which has been adapted in other jurisdictions was met by disapproval by all of the politicians and government bodies who insisted that the DEA would solve all the problems. After three years, Maverickeye finally received their first [court order](/wiki/Court_order "Court order") in the beginning of 2015, and sent out the first batch of letters in July 2015\. Singapore Maverickeye identified more than 500 [Singapore](/wiki/Singapore "Singapore") [Internet Protocol](/wiki/Internet_Protocol "Internet Protocol") (IP) addresses — of [Singtel](/wiki/Singtel "Singtel"), [StarHub](/wiki/StarHub "StarHub") and [M1 Limited](/wiki/M1_Limited "M1 Limited") subscribers — at which the movie [Dallas Buyers Club](/wiki/Dallas_Buyers_Club "Dallas Buyers Club") was allegedly downloaded. Denmark Dallas Buyers Club (DBC) also demanded fines for legal damages from Popcorn Time users in Denmark at the end of 2014\. In summer this year, DBC's copyright owner filed mass lawsuits against those who have allegedly downloaded the movie through [BitTorrent](/wiki/BitTorrent "BitTorrent"). {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=iiDallas: Has the ISP copyright code failed before it has begun?\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/568927/iidallas\-has\-isp\-copyright\-code\-failed\-before\-it\-has\-begun/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=25 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Grubb\\|first1\=Ben\\|title\='These are not scare tactics': Dallas Buyers Club defends legal letters sent to alleged web pirates\\|url\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\-life/digital\-life\-news/these\-are\-not\-scare\-tactics\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-defends\-legal\-letters\-sent\-to\-alleged\-web\-pirates\-20150218\-13i3ld.html\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\|date\=19 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Taylor\\|first1\=Josh\\|title\=iiNet throws doubt on Dallas Buyers Club piracy tracker\\|url\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\-and\-office/networking/iinet\-throws\-doubt\-on\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-tracker/\\|access\-date\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=ZDNet\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Tham\\|first1\=Irene\\|title\=US firm goes after illegal downloaders in S'pore\\|url\=http://digital.asiaone.com/digital/news/us\-firm\-goes\-after\-illegal\-downloaders\-spore\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410041029/http://digital.asiaone.com/digital/news/us\-firm\-goes\-after\-illegal\-downloaders\-spore\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=10 April 2015\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=AsiaOne Digital\\|date\=8 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Woolrych\\|first1\=Dominic\\|title\=Illicit downloading: How the Dallas Buyers Club case will affect you\\|url\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\-life/digital\-life\-news/illicit\-downloading\-how\-the\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-case\-will\-affect\-you\-20150408\-1mgj63\.html\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\|date\=9 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Payne\\|first1\=Rob\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club piracy raises tech questions\\|url\=http://www.sciencewa.net.au/topics/technology\-a\-innovation/item/3461\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-raises\-tech\-questions/3461\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-raises\-tech\-questions\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=Science Network}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Coyne\\|first1\=Allie\\|title\=Telcos ordered to pay Dallas Buyers Club's court costs\\|url\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/telcos\-ordered\-to\-pay\-dallas\-buyers\-clubs\-court\-costs\-403621\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=iTnews\\|date\=6 May 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Pearce\\|title\=ISPs left with bill after Dallas Buyers Club court clash\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/574315/isps\-left\-bill\-after\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-court\-clash/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=6 May 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=Gathering Dallas Buyers Club downloader details not cheap, say ISPs\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/575527/gathering\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-downloader\-details\-cheap\-say\-isps/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=21 May 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Andy\\|title\=ISP wants to understand technology used to track pirates\\|url\=https://torrentfreak.com/isp\-wants\-to\-understand\-technology\-used\-to\-track\-pirates\-141110/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=TorrentFreak}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=Letter sets out Dallas Buyers Club demands\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/577881/letter\-sets\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-demands/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=19 June 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club and ISPs wrangle over costs\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/573220/dallas\-buyers\-club\-isps\-wrangle\-over\-costs/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=22 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Chappell\\|first1\=Bill\\|title\=In movie piracy case, Australian ISPs are ordered to share customers' info\\|url\=http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/398019314/in\-movie\-piracy\-case\-australian\-isps\-are\-ordered\-to\-share\-customers\-info\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=North Country Public Radio\\|date\=7 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=West\\|first1\=Michael\\|title\=Does 'Dallas Buyers Club' ruling change the game for piracy?\\|url\=http://www.contactmusic.com/matthew\-mcconaughey/news/dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-ruling\_4666526\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=ContactMusic.com\\|date\=7 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club piraters face huge bills\\|url\=http://news.sky.com/story/1460081/dallas\-buyers\-club\-piraters\-face\-huge\-bills\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=Sky News\\|date\=7 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Thomsen\\|first1\=Simon\\|title\=Almost 5000 Australian 'movie pirates' are about to have their details handed to film makers\\|url\=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/almost\-5000\-australian\-movie\-pirates\-are\-about\-to\-have\-their\-details\-handed\-to\-film\-makers\-2015\-4\\|archive\-url\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410183730/http://www.businessinsider.com.au/almost\-5000\-australian\-movie\-pirates\-are\-about\-to\-have\-their\-details\-handed\-to\-film\-makers\-2015\-4/\\|url\-status\=dead\\|archive\-date\=10 April 2015\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Business Insider\\|location\=Australia\\|date\=7 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Douglas\\|first1\=James Robert\\|title\=Real Crimes in an unreal realm\\|url\=https://www.themonthly.com.au/blog/james\-robert\-douglas/2015/09/2015/1425896472/real\-crimes\-unreal\-realm\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=The Monthly\\|date\=9 March 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=15 September 2015\\|first1\=Ben\\|title\=Judgment day looms for Australian web pirates\\|url\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\-life/digital\-life\-news/judgment\-day\-looms\-for\-australian\-web\-pirates\-20150225\-13om9d.html\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\|date\=26 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Coyne\\|first1\=Allie\\|title\=iiNet, DBC face three\-week wait for piracy ruling\\|url\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\-dbc\-face\-three\-week\-wait\-for\-piracy\-ruling\-400933\\|accessdate\=25 February 2015\\|agency\=iTnews\\|date\=15 September 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Taylor\\|first1\=Josh\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club piracy judgment expected in three weeks\\|url\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\-and\-office/networking/dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-judgment\-expected\-in\-three\-weeks/\\|access\-date\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=ZDNet\\|date\=25 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Taylor\\|first1\=Josh\\|title\=Three\-strike piracy code draft targets residential internet users\\|url\=https://www.zdnet.com/article/isps\-and\-rights\-holders\-release\-draft\-anti\-piracy\-code/\\|access\-date\=20 February 2015\\|publisher\=ZDNet\\|date\=15 September 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club rights holders won't wait for copyright code\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/566653/dallas\-buyers\-club\-rights\-holders\-won\-t\-wait\-copyright\-code/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Coyne\\|first1\=Allie\\|title\=iiNet attacks software used in Dallas Buyers Club piracy hunt\\|url\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\-attacks\-software\-used\-in\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-piracy\-hunt\-400597\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=iTnews\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Reilly\\|first1\=Claire\\|title\=iiNet challenges expert in Dallas Buyers Club case\\|url\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/dallas\-buyers\-club\-iinet\-full\-hearing\-day\-one\-piracy\-copyright/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=CNET\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club copyright stoush returns to court\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/566492/dallas\-buyers\-club\-copyright\-stoush\-returns\-court/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Taylor\\|first1\=Josh\\|title\=iiNet challenges Dallas Buyers Club's expert witness\\|url\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\-and\-office/networking/iinet\-challenges\-dallas\-buyers\-clubs\-expert\-witness/\\|access\-date\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=ZDNet\\|date\=17 February 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Reilly\\|first1\=Claire\\|title\=How Dallas Buyers Club is busting iiNet pirates\\|url\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/how\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-is\-busting\-iinet\-pirates/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=CNET\\|date\=3 December 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Reilly\\|first1\=Claire\\|title\=iiNet returns to court to fight calls for customer information\\|url\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/iinet\-returns\-to\-court\-fighting\-calls\-for\-customer\-information/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|publisher\=CNET\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Vatu\\|first1\=Gabriella\\|title\=iiNet wants to know how Dallas Buyers Club LLC determined customers were pirating the movie\\|url\=http://news.softpedia.com/news/iiNet\-Wants\-to\-Know\-how\-Dallas\-Buyers\-Club\-LLC\-Determined\-Customers\-Were\-Pirating\-the\-Movie\-464573\.shtml\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=Softpedia\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Pearce\\|first1\=Rohan\\|title\=iiNet seeks details of P2P monitoring system in piracy case\\|url\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/559223/iinet\-seeks\-details\-maverick\-system\-p2p\-piracy\-case/\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=Computerworld\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Zaharov\-Reutt\\|first1\=Alex\\|title\=iiNet legal battles club: Acquired illegally downloaders syndrome?\\|url\=http://www.itwire.com/your\-it\-news/entertainment/66022\-iinet%E2%80%99s\-legal\-battles\-club\-acquired\-illegally\-downloaders\-syndrome?\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=iTWire\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Papadakis\\|first1\=Marianna\\|last2\=Ramli\\|first2\=David\\|title\=February date set for iiNet's court battle over Dallas Buyers Club\\|url\=http://www.smh.com.au/business/february\-date\-set\-for\-iinets\-court\-battle\-over\-dallas\-buyers\-club\-20141110\-11joa8\.html\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|work\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Coyne\\|first1\=Allie\\|title\=iiNet seeks details of Dallas Buyers Clubs' piracy hunt\\|url\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\-seeks\-details\-of\-dallas\-buyers\-clubs\-piracy\-hunt\-397688\\|accessdate\=15 September 2015\\|agency\=iTnews\\|date\=10 November 2014}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Ernesto\\|title\=Movie studio sues Popcorn Time users in the U.S.\\|url\=https://torrentfreak.com/movie\-studio\-sues\-popcorn\-time\-users\-in\-the\-u\-s\-150819/\\|accessdate\=26 November 2015\\|agency\=TorrentFreak\\|date\=19 August 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Andy\\|title\=ISP Teksavvy appeals in Hurt Locker piracy case\\|url\=https://torrentfreak.com/isp\-teksavvy\-appeals\-in\-hurt\-locker\-piracy\-case\-150406/\\|accessdate\=26 November 2015\\|agency\=TorrentFreak\\|date\=6 April 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Tham\\|first1\=Irene\\|title\=Dallas Buyers Club suit a legal minefield\\|url\=http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/dallas\-buyers\-club\-suit\-a\-legal\-minefield\\|accessdate\=26 November 2015\\|work\=The Straits Times\\|date\=20 May 2015}} {{cite news\\|last1\=Healey\\|first1\=Nic\\|title\=Judge says no to Dallas Buyers Club's 'surreal' overreach on piracy claims\\|url\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/dallas\-buyers\-overreach\-on\-piracy\-claims\-iinet\-speculative\-invoicing/\\|accessdate\=26 November 2015\\|publisher\=CNET\\|date\=14 August 2015}}	[ "Recent cases\n------------", "United States of America", "A lawsuit was directed at 11 users of the [Popcorn Time](/wiki/Popcorn_Time \"Popcorn Time\") software. Popcorn Time is a free alternative to subscription\\-based [video streaming](/wiki/Video_streaming \"Video streaming\") services such as [Amazon Video](/wiki/Amazon_Video \"Amazon Video\") and [Netflix](/wiki/Netflix \"Netflix\").{{Citation needed\\\|date\\=February 2023}}", "In September 2015, one of Maverickeye's lawyers filed a lawsuit against 16 infringers using Maverickeye's data to prove that infringers collaborated over Popcorn Time.", "In Glacier Films v. Doe 3:15\\-cv\\-02016, the same partner lawyer was able to “see through dynamic IP addresses”. (Source: [Rational Rights](http://rationalrights.com/)){{Citation needed\\\|date\\=February 2023}}", "In total, Maverickeye was able to deliver data for over 200 federal cases and never lost one case.", "United Kingdom", "The company reached out to [BAFTA](/wiki/BAFTA \"BAFTA\"), [UK Film Council](/wiki/UK_Film_Council \"UK Film Council\"), Lord Lucas, Lord Clement\\-Jones, FACT and many others to explain and talk about the reduction of Internet copyright infringement by 30% in Germany. However, the idea of making the subscriber liable for infringements which has been adapted in other jurisdictions was met by disapproval by all of the politicians and government bodies who insisted that the DEA would solve all the problems.", "After three years, Maverickeye finally received their first [court order](/wiki/Court_order \"Court order\") in the beginning of 2015, and sent out the first batch of letters in July 2015\\.", "Singapore", "Maverickeye identified more than 500 [Singapore](/wiki/Singapore \"Singapore\") [Internet Protocol](/wiki/Internet_Protocol \"Internet Protocol\") (IP) addresses — of [Singtel](/wiki/Singtel \"Singtel\"), [StarHub](/wiki/StarHub \"StarHub\") and [M1 Limited](/wiki/M1_Limited \"M1 Limited\") subscribers — at which the movie [Dallas Buyers Club](/wiki/Dallas_Buyers_Club \"Dallas Buyers Club\") was allegedly downloaded.", "Denmark", "Dallas Buyers Club (DBC) also demanded fines for legal damages from Popcorn Time users in Denmark at the end of 2014\\. In summer this year, DBC's copyright owner filed mass lawsuits against those who have allegedly downloaded the movie through [BitTorrent](/wiki/BitTorrent \"BitTorrent\").", "{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=iiDallas: Has the ISP copyright code failed before it has begun?\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/568927/iidallas\\-has\\-isp\\-copyright\\-code\\-failed\\-before\\-it\\-has\\-begun/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=25 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Grubb\\\|first1\\=Ben\\\|title\\='These are not scare tactics': Dallas Buyers Club defends legal letters sent to alleged web pirates\\\|url\\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\\-life/digital\\-life\\-news/these\\-are\\-not\\-scare\\-tactics\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-defends\\-legal\\-letters\\-sent\\-to\\-alleged\\-web\\-pirates\\-20150218\\-13i3ld.html\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\\|date\\=19 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Taylor\\\|first1\\=Josh\\\|title\\=iiNet throws doubt on Dallas Buyers Club piracy tracker\\\|url\\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\\-and\\-office/networking/iinet\\-throws\\-doubt\\-on\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-tracker/\\\|access\\-date\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=ZDNet\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Tham\\\|first1\\=Irene\\\|title\\=US firm goes after illegal downloaders in S'pore\\\|url\\=http://digital.asiaone.com/digital/news/us\\-firm\\-goes\\-after\\-illegal\\-downloaders\\-spore\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410041029/http://digital.asiaone.com/digital/news/us\\-firm\\-goes\\-after\\-illegal\\-downloaders\\-spore\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=10 April 2015\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=AsiaOne Digital\\\|date\\=8 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Woolrych\\\|first1\\=Dominic\\\|title\\=Illicit downloading: How the Dallas Buyers Club case will affect you\\\|url\\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\\-life/digital\\-life\\-news/illicit\\-downloading\\-how\\-the\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-case\\-will\\-affect\\-you\\-20150408\\-1mgj63\\.html\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\\|date\\=9 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Payne\\\|first1\\=Rob\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club piracy raises tech questions\\\|url\\=http://www.sciencewa.net.au/topics/technology\\-a\\-innovation/item/3461\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-raises\\-tech\\-questions/3461\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-raises\\-tech\\-questions\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=Science Network}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Coyne\\\|first1\\=Allie\\\|title\\=Telcos ordered to pay Dallas Buyers Club's court costs\\\|url\\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/telcos\\-ordered\\-to\\-pay\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-clubs\\-court\\-costs\\-403621\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=iTnews\\\|date\\=6 May 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Pearce\\\|title\\=ISPs left with bill after Dallas Buyers Club court clash\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/574315/isps\\-left\\-bill\\-after\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-court\\-clash/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=6 May 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=Gathering Dallas Buyers Club downloader details not cheap, say ISPs\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/575527/gathering\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-downloader\\-details\\-cheap\\-say\\-isps/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=21 May 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Andy\\\|title\\=ISP wants to understand technology used to track pirates\\\|url\\=https://torrentfreak.com/isp\\-wants\\-to\\-understand\\-technology\\-used\\-to\\-track\\-pirates\\-141110/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=TorrentFreak}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=Letter sets out Dallas Buyers Club demands\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/577881/letter\\-sets\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-demands/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=19 June 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club and ISPs wrangle over costs\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/573220/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-isps\\-wrangle\\-over\\-costs/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=22 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Chappell\\\|first1\\=Bill\\\|title\\=In movie piracy case, Australian ISPs are ordered to share customers' info\\\|url\\=http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/398019314/in\\-movie\\-piracy\\-case\\-australian\\-isps\\-are\\-ordered\\-to\\-share\\-customers\\-info\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=North Country Public Radio\\\|date\\=7 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=West\\\|first1\\=Michael\\\|title\\=Does 'Dallas Buyers Club' ruling change the game for piracy?\\\|url\\=http://www.contactmusic.com/matthew\\-mcconaughey/news/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-ruling\\_4666526\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=ContactMusic.com\\\|date\\=7 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club piraters face huge bills\\\|url\\=http://news.sky.com/story/1460081/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piraters\\-face\\-huge\\-bills\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=Sky News\\\|date\\=7 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Thomsen\\\|first1\\=Simon\\\|title\\=Almost 5000 Australian 'movie pirates' are about to have their details handed to film makers\\\|url\\=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/almost\\-5000\\-australian\\-movie\\-pirates\\-are\\-about\\-to\\-have\\-their\\-details\\-handed\\-to\\-film\\-makers\\-2015\\-4\\\|archive\\-url\\=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410183730/http://www.businessinsider.com.au/almost\\-5000\\-australian\\-movie\\-pirates\\-are\\-about\\-to\\-have\\-their\\-details\\-handed\\-to\\-film\\-makers\\-2015\\-4/\\\|url\\-status\\=dead\\\|archive\\-date\\=10 April 2015\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Business Insider\\\|location\\=Australia\\\|date\\=7 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Douglas\\\|first1\\=James Robert\\\|title\\=Real Crimes in an unreal realm\\\|url\\=https://www.themonthly.com.au/blog/james\\-robert\\-douglas/2015/09/2015/1425896472/real\\-crimes\\-unreal\\-realm\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=The Monthly\\\|date\\=9 March 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=15 September 2015\\\|first1\\=Ben\\\|title\\=Judgment day looms for Australian web pirates\\\|url\\=http://www.smh.com.au/digital\\-life/digital\\-life\\-news/judgment\\-day\\-looms\\-for\\-australian\\-web\\-pirates\\-20150225\\-13om9d.html\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\\|date\\=26 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Coyne\\\|first1\\=Allie\\\|title\\=iiNet, DBC face three\\-week wait for piracy ruling\\\|url\\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\\-dbc\\-face\\-three\\-week\\-wait\\-for\\-piracy\\-ruling\\-400933\\\|accessdate\\=25 February 2015\\\|agency\\=iTnews\\\|date\\=15 September 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Taylor\\\|first1\\=Josh\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club piracy judgment expected in three weeks\\\|url\\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\\-and\\-office/networking/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-judgment\\-expected\\-in\\-three\\-weeks/\\\|access\\-date\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=ZDNet\\\|date\\=25 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Taylor\\\|first1\\=Josh\\\|title\\=Three\\-strike piracy code draft targets residential internet users\\\|url\\=https://www.zdnet.com/article/isps\\-and\\-rights\\-holders\\-release\\-draft\\-anti\\-piracy\\-code/\\\|access\\-date\\=20 February 2015\\\|publisher\\=ZDNet\\\|date\\=15 September 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club rights holders won't wait for copyright code\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/566653/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-rights\\-holders\\-won\\-t\\-wait\\-copyright\\-code/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Coyne\\\|first1\\=Allie\\\|title\\=iiNet attacks software used in Dallas Buyers Club piracy hunt\\\|url\\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\\-attacks\\-software\\-used\\-in\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-piracy\\-hunt\\-400597\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=iTnews\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Reilly\\\|first1\\=Claire\\\|title\\=iiNet challenges expert in Dallas Buyers Club case\\\|url\\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-iinet\\-full\\-hearing\\-day\\-one\\-piracy\\-copyright/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=CNET\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club copyright stoush returns to court\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/566492/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-copyright\\-stoush\\-returns\\-court/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Taylor\\\|first1\\=Josh\\\|title\\=iiNet challenges Dallas Buyers Club's expert witness\\\|url\\=https://www.zdnet.com/home\\-and\\-office/networking/iinet\\-challenges\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-clubs\\-expert\\-witness/\\\|access\\-date\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=ZDNet\\\|date\\=17 February 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Reilly\\\|first1\\=Claire\\\|title\\=How Dallas Buyers Club is busting iiNet pirates\\\|url\\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/how\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-is\\-busting\\-iinet\\-pirates/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=CNET\\\|date\\=3 December 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Reilly\\\|first1\\=Claire\\\|title\\=iiNet returns to court to fight calls for customer information\\\|url\\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/iinet\\-returns\\-to\\-court\\-fighting\\-calls\\-for\\-customer\\-information/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|publisher\\=CNET\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Vatu\\\|first1\\=Gabriella\\\|title\\=iiNet wants to know how Dallas Buyers Club LLC determined customers were pirating the movie\\\|url\\=http://news.softpedia.com/news/iiNet\\-Wants\\-to\\-Know\\-how\\-Dallas\\-Buyers\\-Club\\-LLC\\-Determined\\-Customers\\-Were\\-Pirating\\-the\\-Movie\\-464573\\.shtml\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=Softpedia\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Pearce\\\|first1\\=Rohan\\\|title\\=iiNet seeks details of P2P monitoring system in piracy case\\\|url\\=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/559223/iinet\\-seeks\\-details\\-maverick\\-system\\-p2p\\-piracy\\-case/\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=Computerworld\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Zaharov\\-Reutt\\\|first1\\=Alex\\\|title\\=iiNet legal battles club: Acquired illegally downloaders syndrome?\\\|url\\=http://www.itwire.com/your\\-it\\-news/entertainment/66022\\-iinet%E2%80%99s\\-legal\\-battles\\-club\\-acquired\\-illegally\\-downloaders\\-syndrome?\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=iTWire\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Papadakis\\\|first1\\=Marianna\\\|last2\\=Ramli\\\|first2\\=David\\\|title\\=February date set for iiNet's court battle over Dallas Buyers Club\\\|url\\=http://www.smh.com.au/business/february\\-date\\-set\\-for\\-iinets\\-court\\-battle\\-over\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-20141110\\-11joa8\\.html\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|work\\=The Sydney Morning Herald\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Coyne\\\|first1\\=Allie\\\|title\\=iiNet seeks details of Dallas Buyers Clubs' piracy hunt\\\|url\\=http://www.itnews.com.au/news/iinet\\-seeks\\-details\\-of\\-dallas\\-buyers\\-clubs\\-piracy\\-hunt\\-397688\\\|accessdate\\=15 September 2015\\\|agency\\=iTnews\\\|date\\=10 November 2014}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Ernesto\\\|title\\=Movie studio sues Popcorn Time users in the U.S.\\\|url\\=https://torrentfreak.com/movie\\-studio\\-sues\\-popcorn\\-time\\-users\\-in\\-the\\-u\\-s\\-150819/\\\|accessdate\\=26 November 2015\\\|agency\\=TorrentFreak\\\|date\\=19 August 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Andy\\\|title\\=ISP Teksavvy appeals in Hurt Locker piracy case\\\|url\\=https://torrentfreak.com/isp\\-teksavvy\\-appeals\\-in\\-hurt\\-locker\\-piracy\\-case\\-150406/\\\|accessdate\\=26 November 2015\\\|agency\\=TorrentFreak\\\|date\\=6 April 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Tham\\\|first1\\=Irene\\\|title\\=Dallas Buyers Club suit a legal minefield\\\|url\\=http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/dallas\\-buyers\\-club\\-suit\\-a\\-legal\\-minefield\\\|accessdate\\=26 November 2015\\\|work\\=The Straits Times\\\|date\\=20 May 2015}}\n{{cite news\\\|last1\\=Healey\\\|first1\\=Nic\\\|title\\=Judge says no to Dallas Buyers Club's 'surreal' overreach on piracy claims\\\|url\\=http://www.cnet.com/au/news/dallas\\-buyers\\-overreach\\-on\\-piracy\\-claims\\-iinet\\-speculative\\-invoicing/\\\|accessdate\\=26 November 2015\\\|publisher\\=CNET\\\|date\\=14 August 2015}}", "" ]
History ------- The channel, then known as [TV2](/wiki/TVNZ_2 "TVNZ 2"), first went to air on 30 June 1975\. It was the second national government television channel to be established in the country that year, after [Television One](/wiki/TV_One_%28New_Zealand%29 "TV One (New Zealand)") went to air on 1 April, replacing the former [New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation](/wiki/New_Zealand_Broadcasting_Corporation "New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation")'s TV service. In its first week, the network held New Zealand's first Telethon in aid of the St John Ambulance. It raised $593,878\. The channel could only be picked up in Auckland and Christchurch when it first went to air, but it was limited in Christchurch due to a faulty transmitter. It was another three months before the Waikato and Bay of Plenty got coverage and by late November, the channel was available in Wellington before spreading throughout the rest of the country. In December 1976, TV2 was rebranded as South Pacific Television (SPTV) to distinguish itself from the former NZBC channel. It also reduced confusion in Auckland and Dunedin where Television One broadcast on channel 2 (TV2 broadcast on channel 4 in both centres).{{Cite news \\|date\=19 August 1976 \\|title\=TV2 likes 'South Pacific' \\|pages\=11 \\|work\=\[\[The Press]] \\|url\=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1976/08/19/11}} In 1977, broadcasting hours were cut on both channels {{why\\|date\=June 2017}} and as a result SPTV lost 16 hours of broadcast time a week, forcing the channel to begin its daily broadcasts at 3pm (except weekends, where SPTV opened transmission at midday). Channel funding was cut for Television One and handed over to SPTV in a move that bewildered some over at Television One. The effects of the cuts saw programme output on SPTV increase.	[ "History\n-------", "The channel, then known as [TV2](/wiki/TVNZ_2 \"TVNZ 2\"), first went to air on 30 June 1975\\. It was the second national government television channel to be established in the country that year, after [Television One](/wiki/TV_One_%28New_Zealand%29 \"TV One (New Zealand)\") went to air on 1 April, replacing the former [New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation](/wiki/New_Zealand_Broadcasting_Corporation \"New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation\")'s TV service.", "In its first week, the network held New Zealand's first Telethon in aid of the St John Ambulance. It raised $593,878\\.", "The channel could only be picked up in Auckland and Christchurch when it first went to air, but it was limited in Christchurch due to a faulty transmitter. It was another three months before the Waikato and Bay of Plenty got coverage and by late November, the channel was available in Wellington before spreading throughout the rest of the country.", "In December 1976, TV2 was rebranded as South Pacific Television (SPTV) to distinguish itself from the former NZBC channel. It also reduced confusion in Auckland and Dunedin where Television One broadcast on channel 2 (TV2 broadcast on channel 4 in both centres).{{Cite news \\\|date\\=19 August 1976 \\\|title\\=TV2 likes 'South Pacific' \\\|pages\\=11 \\\|work\\=\\[\\[The Press]] \\\|url\\=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/press/1976/08/19/11}}", "In 1977, broadcasting hours were cut on both channels {{why\\\|date\\=June 2017}} and as a result SPTV lost 16 hours of broadcast time a week, forcing the channel to begin its daily broadcasts at 3pm (except weekends, where SPTV opened transmission at midday).", "Channel funding was cut for Television One and handed over to SPTV in a move that bewildered some over at Television One. The effects of the cuts saw programme output on SPTV increase.", "" ]