id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | label int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
57312247497a881900248b8b | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | What light can harm human eyes or skin? | {
"text": [
"UV light"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} | 1 |
5ad19379645df0001a2d2034 | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | White LEDs can be made by not coating what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19379645df0001a2d2035 | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | What are non-near-ultraviolet LEDs coated with to create white LED? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19379645df0001a2d2036 | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | What device also works in a similar way as non-NUV LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19379645df0001a2d2037 | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | The method of coating NUVs more efficient than what other LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731234a497a881900248b91 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What is being used to produce white LEDs? | {
"text": [
"wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | 1 |
5731234a497a881900248b92 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What size are the wafers used to create white LEDs? | {
"text": [
"200-mm"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} | 1 |
5731234a497a881900248b93 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided? | {
"text": [
"costly sapphire substrate"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | 1 |
5731234a497a881900248b94 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What needs to be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted? | {
"text": [
"mirror-like collector"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} | 1 |
5731234a497a881900248b95 | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | By what year will% of all GaN LEDs be made with gallium-nitride-on-silicon wafers? | {
"text": [
"2020"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | 1 |
5ad193ad645df0001a2d203c | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What is being used to produce white non-LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193ad645df0001a2d203d | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What size are the wafers used to create red LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193ad645df0001a2d203e | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | By using silicon wafers, what is not being avoided? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193ad645df0001a2d203f | Light-emitting_diode | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light... | What needs to not be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731249ea5e9cc1400cdbc9b | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | What nanocrystals possess unique optical properties? | {
"text": [
"Quantum dots"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
5731249ea5e9cc1400cdbc9c | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | Quantum Dot LEDs can do what special skill? | {
"text": [
"create almost any color on the CIE diagram"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | 1 |
5731249ea5e9cc1400cdbc9d | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs allows them to do what? | {
"text": [
"better color rendering"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} | 1 |
5731249ea5e9cc1400cdbc9e | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | How many types of schemes are there in Quantum Dot LED excitation? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} | 1 |
5ad193e1645df0001a2d2044 | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | What non-nanocrystals possess unique optical properties? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193e1645df0001a2d2045 | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | Quantum Dot LEDs don't do what special skill? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193e1645df0001a2d2046 | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | The narrowing of the emission spectrum in Quantum Dot LEDs disallows them to do what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad193e1645df0001a2d2047 | Light-emitting_diode | Quantum dots (QD) are semiconductor nanocrystals that possess unique optical properties. Their emission color can be tuned from the visible throughout the infrared spectrum. This allows quantum dot LEDs to create almost any color on the CIE diagram. This provides more color options and better color rendering than white... | How many types of schemes are there in non-Quantum Dot LED excitation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573125ee497a881900248bcb | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | What is one scheme of Quantum Dot excitation? | {
"text": [
"electrical-excitation"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} | 1 |
573125ee497a881900248bcc | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | What is one material used in electrical-excitation? | {
"text": [
"hole-transporting materials"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} | 1 |
573125ee497a881900248bcd | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | During the electrical-excitation scheme, what moves into the quantum dot layer? | {
"text": [
"electrons and holes"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} | 1 |
573125ee497a881900248bce | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | A Quantum Dot LED has been used in what? | {
"text": [
"near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} | 1 |
5ad19413645df0001a2d204c | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | What is one scheme of non-Quantum Dot excitation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19413645df0001a2d204d | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | What is one material used in non-electrical-excitation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19413645df0001a2d204e | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | During the electrical-excitation scheme, what moves into the non-quantum dot layer? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19413645df0001a2d204f | Light-emitting_diode | The structure of QD-LEDs used for the electrical-excitation scheme is similar to basic design of OLEDs. A layer of quantum dots is sandwiched between layers of electron-transporting and hole-transporting materials. An applied electric field causes electrons and holes to move into the quantum dot layer and recombine for... | A Quantum Dot non-LED has been used in what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731304e497a881900248c37 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | How many lumens can some high-power LEDs emit? | {
"text": [
"over a thousand"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} | 1 |
5731304e497a881900248c38 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | Up to how many densities have been achieved with LED power? | {
"text": [
"300 W/cm2"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} | 1 |
5731304e497a881900248c39 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat sink? | {
"text": [
"to allow for heat dissipation"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} | 1 |
5731304e497a881900248c3a | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | What will happen if the heat from a high-power LED is not removed? | {
"text": [
"the device will fail in seconds"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} | 1 |
5731304e497a881900248c3b | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | What can one high-power LED replace? | {
"text": [
"incandescent bulb in a flashlight"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} | 1 |
5ad19458645df0001a2d2054 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | How many lumens can some low-power LEDs emit? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19458645df0001a2d2055 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | Up to how many densities have never been achieved with LED power? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19458645df0001a2d2056 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | Why must High-power LEDs be mounted on a heat rise? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19458645df0001a2d2057 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | What will happen if the heat from a low-power LED is not removed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19458645df0001a2d2058 | Light-emitting_diode | High-power LEDs (HP-LEDs) or high-output LEDs (HO-LEDs) can be driven at currents from hundreds of mA to more than an ampere, compared with the tens of mA for other LEDs. Some can emit over a thousand lumens. LED power densities up to 300 W/cm2 have been achieved. Since overheating is destructive, the HP-LEDs must be m... | What can one low-power LED replace? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57313224e6313a140071ccee | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What company has developed LEDs that can operate on AC power? | {
"text": [
"Seoul Semiconductor"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | 1 |
57313224e6313a140071ccef | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What is the efficacy of an AC powered HP-LED? | {
"text": [
"40 lm/W"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} | 1 |
57313224e6313a140071ccf0 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | When did Seoul Semiconductor release the first high DC voltage LED? | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} | 1 |
57313224e6313a140071ccf1 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What is so good about ac powered HP-LEDs? | {
"text": [
"more flexibility"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} | 1 |
57313224e6313a140071ccf2 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What did Seoul Semiconductor name their ac powered HP-LED? | {
"text": [
"Acrich MJT"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} | 1 |
5ad19496645df0001a2d205e | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What company has developed non-LEDs that can operate on AC power? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19496645df0001a2d205f | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What is the efficacy of an non-AC powered HP-LED? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19496645df0001a2d2060 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | When did non-Seoul Semiconductor release the first high DC voltage LED? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19496645df0001a2d2061 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What is so good about ac powered non-HP-LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6b | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What type of LEDs are available in seven-segment format? | {
"text": [
"Alphanumeric"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6c | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What is another format that Alphanumeric LEDs are available in? | {
"text": [
"dot-matrix"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | 1 |
57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6d | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters? | {
"text": [
"Starburst"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} | 1 |
57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6e | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What type of pixels does a dot matrix display use? | {
"text": [
"5x7"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | 1 |
57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6f | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What has reduced the popularity of numeric LED displays? | {
"text": [
"liquid crystal displays"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} | 1 |
5ad194ca645df0001a2d2066 | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What type of LEDs are available in eight-segment format? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad194ca645df0001a2d2067 | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What is another format that non-Alphanumeric LEDs are available in? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad194ca645df0001a2d2068 | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | Which non-alphanumeric LED display can display all letters? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad194ca645df0001a2d2069 | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What type of pixels does a dot matrix display not use? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad194ca645df0001a2d206a | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | What has reduced the popularity of numeric non-LED displays? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57313d9505b4da19006bcf20 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What makes RGB LEDs different? | {
"text": [
"contain their own \"smart\" control electronics"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | 1 |
57313d9505b4da19006bcf21 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | How are Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected? | {
"text": [
"in a daisy chain"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} | 1 |
57313d9505b4da19006bcf22 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What object sources the data in of the first LED of a digital rgb LED? | {
"text": [
"microprocessor"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} | 1 |
57313d9505b4da19006bcf23 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | The microprocessor does what in a digital RGB LED? | {
"text": [
"control the brightness and color of each LED independently of the others"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} | 1 |
57313d9505b4da19006bcf24 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What is one example of where Digital RGB LED lights are used? | {
"text": [
"Christmas"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} | 1 |
5ad19511645df0001a2d2070 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What makes RGB LEDs the same? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19511645df0001a2d2071 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | How are non-Digital-RGB LED strobe signals connected? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19511645df0001a2d2072 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What object sources the data in of the first non-LED of a digital rgb LED? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19511645df0001a2d2073 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | The non-microprocessor does what in a digital RGB LED? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19511645df0001a2d2074 | Light-emitting_diode | Digital-RGB LEDs are RGB LEDs that contain their own "smart" control electronics. In addition to power and ground, these provide connections for data-in, data-out, and sometimes a clock or strobe signal. These are connected in a daisy chain, with the data in of the first LED sourced by a microprocessor, which can contr... | What is one example of where non-Digital RGB LED lights are used? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57313e89a5e9cc1400cdbda1 | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What does an LED filament consist of? | {
"text": [
"multiple LED dice"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | 1 |
57313e89a5e9cc1400cdbda2 | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | How are LED filaments used? | {
"text": [
"a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} | 1 |
57313e89a5e9cc1400cdbda3 | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What type of voltage is needed for LED filaments? | {
"text": [
"high"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} | 1 |
57313e89a5e9cc1400cdbda4 | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What helps LED filaments remain low cost? | {
"text": [
"a simple rectifier"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} | 1 |
57313e89a5e9cc1400cdbda5 | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | Single die LEDs require what? | {
"text": [
"high current converter"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} | 1 |
5ad19549645df0001a2d207a | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What does an non-LED filament consist of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19549645df0001a2d207b | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | How are non-LED filaments used? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19549645df0001a2d207c | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What type of voltage is needed for non-LED filaments? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19549645df0001a2d207d | Light-emitting_diode | An LED filament consists of multiple LED dice connected in series on a common longitudinal substrate that form a thin rod reminiscent of a traditional incandescent filament. These are being used as a low cost decorative alternative for traditional light bulbs that are being phased out in many countries. The filaments r... | What helps non-LED filaments remain low cost? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57313fb0497a881900248ce1 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | How are LEDs similar to other diodes? | {
"text": [
"the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} | 1 |
57313fb0497a881900248ce2 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What can cause a large change in current in LEDs? | {
"text": [
"a small change in voltage"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} | 1 |
57313fb0497a881900248ce3 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What is a solution to preventing an LED failure? | {
"text": [
"use constant-current power supplies"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} | 1 |
57313fb0497a881900248ce4 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What feature do most LED fixtures need to have? | {
"text": [
"a power converter"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} | 1 |
57313fb0497a881900248ce5 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What is a constant-voltage source? | {
"text": [
"batteries"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} | 1 |
5ad19592645df0001a2d2082 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | How are non-LEDs similar to other diodes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19592645df0001a2d2083 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What can cause a large change in current in non-LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19592645df0001a2d2084 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What is a solution to preventing an non-LED failure? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19592645df0001a2d2085 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What feature do no LED fixtures need to have? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731405b497a881900248cf5 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | How are most LEDs classified? | {
"text": [
"Class 1 LED product"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | 1 |
5731405b497a881900248cf6 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What does being a Class 1 LED product mean? | {
"text": [
"safe under all conditions of normal use"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | 1 |
5731405b497a881900248cf7 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What type of LED can possibly cause blindness? | {
"text": [
"extremely bright LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} | 1 |
5731405b497a881900248cf8 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What class are extremely bright LEDs listed as? | {
"text": [
"Class 2"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} | 1 |
5731405b497a881900248cf9 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | Which government advocated the banning of Class 2 LEDs? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} | 1 |
5ad195f0645df0001a2d208a | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | How are most non-LEDs classified? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad195f0645df0001a2d208b | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What does being a Class 2 LED product mean? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad195f0645df0001a2d208c | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What type of LED can't cause blindness? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad195f0645df0001a2d208d | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What class are extremely dark LEDs listed as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad195f0645df0001a2d208e | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | Which government advocated the suppoert of Class 2 LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57314138497a881900248cff | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What substance does fluorescent lamps contain? | {
"text": [
"mercury"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} | 1 |
57314138497a881900248d00 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What dangerous metal can LEDs contain? | {
"text": [
"arsenic"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | 1 |
57314138497a881900248d01 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | Which LEDs are considered dangerous by a 2011 study? | {
"text": [
"low-intensity red"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} | 1 |
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