id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict | label int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
57314138497a881900248d02 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | According to a California study, what harmful metal is in most LEDs? | {
"text": [
"lead"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} | 1 |
57314138497a881900248d03 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What LEDs are considered safer than any other? | {
"text": [
"low-intensity yellow LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} | 1 |
5ad1963d645df0001a2d2094 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What substance does non-fluorescent lamps contain? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1963d645df0001a2d2095 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What dangerous metal can non-LEDs contain? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1963d645df0001a2d2096 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | According to a California study, what harmful metal is in most non-LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1963d645df0001a2d2097 | Light-emitting_diode | While LEDs have the advantage over fluorescent lamps that they do not contain mercury, they may contain other hazardous metals such as lead and arsenic. Regarding the toxicity of LEDs when treated as waste, a study published in 2011 stated: "According to federal standards, LEDs are not hazardous except for low-intensit... | What LEDs are considered riskier than any other? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573143ba497a881900248d23 | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What type of light is ideal for traffic signals? | {
"text": [
"One-color light"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
573143ba497a881900248d24 | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | In what year were luminescence standards set? | {
"text": [
"1972"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} | 1 |
573143ba497a881900248d25 | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What color LEDs are used when night vision is important? | {
"text": [
"Red or yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} | 1 |
573143ba497a881900248d26 | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What is an example of a night vision needed area? | {
"text": [
"astronomy observatories"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} | 1 |
573143ba497a881900248d27 | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What is another use for one-color light? | {
"text": [
"exit signs"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | 1 |
5ad19674645df0001a2d209c | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What type of light is not ideal for traffic signals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19674645df0001a2d209d | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | In what year were non-luminescence standards set? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19674645df0001a2d209e | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What color non-LEDs are used when night vision is important? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19674645df0001a2d209f | Light-emitting_diode | One-color light is well suited for traffic lights and signals, exit signs, emergency vehicle lighting, ships' navigation lights or lanterns (chromacity and luminance standards being set under the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972, Annex I and the CIE) and LED-based Christ... | What is an example of a non-night vision needed area? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731449ea5e9cc1400cdbdef | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | Why are LED lights sought after for various applications? | {
"text": [
"their long life"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} | 1 |
5731449ea5e9cc1400cdbdf0 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | Because of their high output, LED lights are very useful where? | {
"text": [
"brake lights for cars"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} | 1 |
5731449ea5e9cc1400cdbdf1 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | LED brake lights are how many times faster than incandescent ones? | {
"text": [
"0.5 second"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} | 1 |
5731449ea5e9cc1400cdbdf2 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | What color LEDs are now starting to be used more? | {
"text": [
"White"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} | 1 |
5731449ea5e9cc1400cdbdf3 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | What types of light can LEDs form better than incandescent? | {
"text": [
"thinner"
],
"answer_start": [
885
]
} | 1 |
5ad196d3645df0001a2d20ae | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | Why are non-LED lights sought after for various applications? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad196d3645df0001a2d20af | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | Because of their low output, LED lights are very useful where? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad196d3645df0001a2d20b0 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | ED brake lights are how many times slower than incandescent ones? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad196d3645df0001a2d20b1 | Light-emitting_diode | Because of their long life, fast switching times, and their ability to be seen in broad daylight due to their high output and focus, LEDs have been used in brake lights for cars' high-mounted brake lights, trucks, and buses, and in turn signals for some time, but many vehicles now use LEDs for their rear light clusters... | What color LEDs are now not used more? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5731458d05b4da19006bcf98 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | Where are infrared LEDs used in everday life? | {
"text": [
"theaters"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | 1 |
5731458d05b4da19006bcf99 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | How are LEDs used in theaters? | {
"text": [
"to send sound to listeners' receivers"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | 1 |
5731458d05b4da19006bcf9a | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | LEDs can send data over what type of cable? | {
"text": [
"fiber optic"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | 1 |
5731458d05b4da19006bcf9b | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | What type of fiber forms the backbone of the internet? | {
"text": [
"very high bandwidth"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} | 1 |
5ad19707645df0001a2d20b6 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | Where are infrared non-LEDs used in everyday life? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19707645df0001a2d20b7 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | How are non-LEDs used in theaters? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19707645df0001a2d20b8 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | LEDs can't send data over what type of cable? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19707645df0001a2d20b9 | Light-emitting_diode | Assistive listening devices in many theaters and similar spaces use arrays of infrared LEDs to send sound to listeners' receivers. Light-emitting diodes (as well as semiconductor lasers) are used to send data over many types of fiber optic cable, from digital audio over TOSLINK cables to the very high bandwidth fiber l... | What type of fiber doesn't form the backbone of the internet? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573146e3e6313a140071cdaa | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | In what country does one kilowatt-hour of electricity causes 1.34 pounds of CO 2 emission? | {
"text": [
"US"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} | 1 |
573146e3e6313a140071cdab | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | How much CO2 emission would a 40-watt light bulb produce after 10 hours? | {
"text": [
"196 pounds"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | 1 |
573146e3e6313a140071cdac | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | A 6-watt LED left on for 10 hours a day will emit how much CO 2? | {
"text": [
"30 pounds"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} | 1 |
573146e3e6313a140071cdad | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | How much can a building's carbon footprint be reduced by switching to LEDs? | {
"text": [
"85%"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} | 1 |
5ad19736645df0001a2d20be | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | In what country does one kilowatt-hour of electricity causes 1.34 pounds of CO 3 emission? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19736645df0001a2d20bf | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | How much CO2 emission would a 50-watt light bulb produce after 10 hours? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19736645df0001a2d20c0 | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | A 9-watt LED left on for 10 hours a day will emit how much CO 2? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19736645df0001a2d20c1 | Light-emitting_diode | In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO
2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO
2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO
2 ove... | How much can a building's carbon footprint be reduced by switching to non-LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573147db05b4da19006bcfb2 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | LEDs are often used for what type of systems? | {
"text": [
"Machine vision"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | 1 |
573147db05b4da19006bcfb3 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | Why are LEDs preferred for machine vision systems? | {
"text": [
"so features of interest are easier to process"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} | 1 |
573147db05b4da19006bcfb4 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | What can help make LEDs more widely used? | {
"text": [
"price drops"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} | 1 |
573147db05b4da19006bcfb5 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | What is the most common example of a machine vision system? | {
"text": [
"Barcode scanners"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} | 1 |
573147db05b4da19006bcfb6 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems found? | {
"text": [
"Optical computer mice"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} | 1 |
5ad19782645df0001a2d20d0 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | non-LEDs are often used for what type of systems? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19782645df0001a2d20d1 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | Why aren't LEDs preferred for machine vision systems? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19782645df0001a2d20d2 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | What can't help make LEDs more widely used? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19782645df0001a2d20d3 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | What is the most uncommon example of a machine vision system? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad19782645df0001a2d20d4 | Light-emitting_diode | Machine vision systems often require bright and homogeneous illumination, so features of interest are easier to process. LEDs are often used for this purpose, and this is likely to remain one of their major uses until the price drops low enough to make signaling and illumination uses more widespread. Barcode scanners a... | Where are some LEDs in machine vision systems not found? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc4 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | Where are LEDs often used? | {
"text": [
"free space optics communications"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | 1 |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc5 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | What is an example of a device that uses free space optic communications? | {
"text": [
"remote controls"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} | 1 |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc6 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | What does an optoisolator do? | {
"text": [
"allows information to be transferred between circuits not sharing a common ground potential"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} | 1 |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc7 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | Where are opto-isolators found? | {
"text": [
"medical equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} | 1 |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc8 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | In what common household item can you find infrared LEDs? | {
"text": [
"LED Computers"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} | 1 |
5ad197dc645df0001a2d20da | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | Where are LEDs not often used? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad197dc645df0001a2d20db | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | What is an example of a device that uses not free space optic communications? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad197dc645df0001a2d20dc | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | What does an optoisolator don't do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
573149e7e6313a140071cdce | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | What video game console uses infrared LEDs? | {
"text": [
"Nintendo Wii"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | 1 |
573149e7e6313a140071cdcf | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation? | {
"text": [
"Pulse oximeters"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} | 1 |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd0 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED? | {
"text": [
"RGB LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} | 1 |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd1 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what? | {
"text": [
"warm-up"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} | 1 |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd2 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | Grow lights use LEDs for what process? | {
"text": [
"increase photosynthesis in plants"
],
"answer_start": [
1034
]
} | 1 |
5ad1981f645df0001a2d20e0 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | What video game console doesn't use infrared LEDs? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1981f645df0001a2d20e1 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | non- What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1981f645df0001a2d20e2 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | Some flatbed scanners use what type of what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe2 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What quality has LEDs been used as? | {
"text": [
"medium-quality"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | 1 |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe3 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LED has the flattest I/V curve above the knee? | {
"text": [
"Red"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} | 1 |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe4 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LEDs have a very steep I/V curve? | {
"text": [
"Nitride-based LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} | 1 |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe5 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | LED forward voltage is more current-dependent than what diode? | {
"text": [
"Zener"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | 1 |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe6 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | Zener diodes below what voltage are not widely available? | {
"text": [
"3 V"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} | 1 |
5ad1985b645df0001a2d20f0 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What quality hasn't LEDs been used as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1985b645df0001a2d20f1 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LED has the least flattest I/V curve above the knee? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1985b645df0001a2d20f2 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LEDs have a not very steep I/V curve? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5ad1985b645df0001a2d20f3 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LEDs don't have a very steep I/V curve? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ec | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Chaumont"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | 1 |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ed | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | 1 |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ee | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic? | {
"text": [
"World War I and World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} | 1 |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ef | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | What is another term for Great Power? | {
"text": [
"superpower"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} | 1 |
5a149439a54d42001852926b | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | Why was the term formalization and division first used? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149439a54d42001852926c | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | Which international balance of power formally created the division between small and great powers? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149439a54d42001852926d | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | In what year was the definitive list of powers signed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149439a54d42001852926e | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | For which post Napoleonic era has the balance of power shifted dramatically? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149439a54d42001852926f | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | What is another term used in place of international balance of power? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccac | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What do great powers usually have? | {
"text": [
"military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} | 1 |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccad | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What are the permanent members of UN Security Council? | {
"text": [
"China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} | 1 |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccae | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What are the countries in the G7? | {
"text": [
"Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America"
],
"answer_start": [
930
]
} | 1 |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccaf | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status? | {
"text": [
"power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} | 1 |
5a149249a54d42001852924f | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What great power has five permanent members? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149249a54d420018529250 | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What international structure exerts its influence on a global scale? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149249a54d420018529251 | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What has the United Nations Security Council characterized as comprising great power status? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149249a54d420018529252 | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What spatial aspects are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States a part of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a149249a54d420018529253 | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | In what conference are great powers opinions formally considered? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01590 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | Who wrote, "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."? | {
"text": [
"A. J. P. Taylor"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} | 1 |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01591 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations? | {
"text": [
"Kenneth Waltz"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} | 1 |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01592 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | What 5 criteria did neorealist use to determine great powers? | {
"text": [
"population and territory; resource endowment; economic capability; political stability and competence; and military strength"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} | 1 |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01593 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | What 3 areas can summarize the great power determination? | {
"text": [
"power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} | 1 |
5a1496f2a54d42001852927f | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | What did the historian Kenneth Waltz note about great power? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a1496f2a54d420018529280 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | With what terms did later writers define neorealist theory? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
5a1496f2a54d420018529281 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | What term was used in early times to judge a state's political capacity? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | 0 |
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