Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
paragraph_index
int64
sec
string
p_has_citation
int64
cites
string
citeids
list
pmid
int64
cited_id
string
sentences
string
all_sent_cites
list
sent_len
int64
sentence_batch_index
int64
sent_has_citation
float64
qc_fail
bool
cited_sentence
string
cites_in_sentence
list
cln_sentence
string
is_cap
bool
is_alpha
bool
ends_wp
bool
cit_qc
bool
lgtm
bool
__index_level_0__
int64
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,587,777
null
We postulate that Rsr1 dimerization may facilitate the polarization of Rsr1 at the division site perhaps by counteracting lateral diffusion or internalization from the site.
null
173
38,616
0
false
null
null
We postulate that Rsr1 dimerization may facilitate the polarization of Rsr1 at the division site perhaps by counteracting lateral diffusion or internalization from the site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,635
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,587,777
null
Although the details of the mechanism remain unknown, dimerization of GTPases may provide an efficient mechanism to set up cellular asymmetry.
null
142
38,617
0
false
null
null
Although the details of the mechanism remain unknown, dimerization of GTPases may provide an efficient mechanism to set up cellular asymmetry.
true
true
true
true
true
6,635
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
Protein interactions play an important role in many cellular processes (1).
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
75
38,618
1
false
Protein interactions play an important role in many cellular processes.
[ "1" ]
Protein interactions play an important role in many cellular processes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
0
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
Different small- and large-scale experimental techniques together with the manual curation of the scientific literature as well as numerous computational prediction methods generate ever increasing amounts of publicly accessible protein interaction data (2).
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
258
38,619
1
false
Different small- and large-scale experimental techniques together with the manual curation of the scientific literature as well as numerous computational prediction methods generate ever increasing amounts of publicly accessible protein interaction data.
[ "2" ]
Different small- and large-scale experimental techniques together with the manual curation of the scientific literature as well as numerous computational prediction methods generate ever increasing amounts of publicly accessible protein interaction data.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
However, this rapid accumulation of data renders it difficult for researchers to keep track of all available information because they are scattered over multiple online repositories.
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
182
38,620
0
false
However, this rapid accumulation of data renders it difficult for researchers to keep track of all available information because they are scattered over multiple online repositories.
[]
However, this rapid accumulation of data renders it difficult for researchers to keep track of all available information because they are scattered over multiple online repositories.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
0
INTRODUCTION
1
3
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
As of April 2009, the pathway resource list Pathguide (3) gives the impressive number of 118 databases providing protein interaction data.
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
138
38,621
1
false
As of April 2009, the pathway resource list Pathguide gives the impressive number of 118 databases providing protein interaction data.
[ "3" ]
As of April 2009, the pathway resource list Pathguide gives the impressive number of 118 databases providing protein interaction data.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
Some of these projects are highly specialized and focus, for example, on interactions of molecular subcomponents or specific classes of proteins, on specific diseases or organisms, or on experimentally observed or computationally predicted interactions.
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
253
38,622
0
false
Some of these projects are highly specialized and focus, for example, on interactions of molecular subcomponents or specific classes of proteins, on specific diseases or organisms, or on experimentally observed or computationally predicted interactions.
[]
Some of these projects are highly specialized and focus, for example, on interactions of molecular subcomponents or specific classes of proteins, on specific diseases or organisms, or on experimentally observed or computationally predicted interactions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B2", "B4", "B5" ]
19,502,495
NA|pmid-17647236|pmid-16381921|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|NA
Moreover, doubts have been raised about the quality and reliability of protein interaction data and particular detection methods (2,4,5).
[ "1", "2", "3", "2", "4", "5" ]
137
38,623
0
false
Moreover, doubts have been raised about the quality and reliability of protein interaction data and particular detection methods.
[ "2,4,5" ]
Moreover, doubts have been raised about the quality and reliability of protein interaction data and particular detection methods.
true
true
true
true
true
6,636
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
Databases that collect and curate experimentally observed protein–protein interactions reported in the literature (6–13) are essential pillars of interactomics, but they cover only a small fraction of the complete set of interactions, and thus proteome-wide predictions are also required (2,4).
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
294
38,624
1
false
Databases that collect and curate experimentally observed protein–protein interactions reported in the literature are essential pillars of interactomics, but they cover only a small fraction of the complete set of interactions, and thus proteome-wide predictions are also required.
[ "6–13", "2,4" ]
Databases that collect and curate experimentally observed protein–protein interactions reported in the literature are essential pillars of interactomics, but they cover only a small fraction of the complete set of interactions, and thus proteome-wide predictions are also required.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
All these efforts have resulted in a multitude of resources that the user has to query individually.
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
100
38,625
0
false
All these efforts have resulted in a multitude of resources that the user has to query individually.
[]
All these efforts have resulted in a multitude of resources that the user has to query individually.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
14
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
Initiatives like IMEx (14) that promote data exchange between some of the databases are very important, but are still in an early implementation phase.
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
151
38,626
1
false
Initiatives like IMEx that promote data exchange between some of the databases are very important, but are still in an early implementation phase.
[ "14" ]
Initiatives like IMEx that promote data exchange between some of the databases are very important, but are still in an early implementation phase.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
One of the possible solutions to integrate protein interaction data is the creation of data warehouses as composite databases that centrally store and merge the available data from multiple sources (10,11,15–23).
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
212
38,627
0
false
One of the possible solutions to integrate protein interaction data is the creation of data warehouses as composite databases that centrally store and merge the available data from multiple sources.
[ "10,11,15–23" ]
One of the possible solutions to integrate protein interaction data is the creation of data warehouses as composite databases that centrally store and merge the available data from multiple sources.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
However, the static data unification procedure underlying data warehouses has the considerable drawback of providing only a snapshot of a fixed number of data sources at a certain point of time.
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
194
38,628
0
false
However, the static data unification procedure underlying data warehouses has the considerable drawback of providing only a snapshot of a fixed number of data sources at a certain point of time.
[]
However, the static data unification procedure underlying data warehouses has the considerable drawback of providing only a snapshot of a fixed number of data sources at a certain point of time.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
Once the data have been included into the central repository, curation efforts are required to keep it up to date and in sync with the original data sources.
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
157
38,629
0
false
Once the data have been included into the central repository, curation efforts are required to keep it up to date and in sync with the original data sources.
[]
Once the data have been included into the central repository, curation efforts are required to keep it up to date and in sync with the original data sources.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
1
INTRODUCTION
1
6–13
[ "B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12 B13", "B2", "B4", "B14", "B10", "B11", "B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20 B21 B22 B23" ]
19,502,495
pmid-17135203|pmid-16381906|pmid-14681454|pmid-12519993|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-17145710|pmid-18988627|pmid-17647236|pmid-19060904|pmid-17893861|pmid-18000002|pmid-18556668|pmid-19079255|pmid-18984619|pmid-18940858|pmid-17999995|pmid-16845013|pmid-17913741|pmid-18978014|pmid-18823568|pmid-18230642
Furthermore, data warehouses are rather inflexible as the inclusion of additional datasets, for example, new experimental or predicted data or improved confidence scores, can normally be accomplished solely by the central authority and not by the user.
[ "6–13", "2", "4", "14", "10", "11", "15–23" ]
252
38,630
0
false
Furthermore, data warehouses are rather inflexible as the inclusion of additional datasets, for example, new experimental or predicted data or improved confidence scores, can normally be accomplished solely by the central authority and not by the user.
[]
Furthermore, data warehouses are rather inflexible as the inclusion of additional datasets, for example, new experimental or predicted data or improved confidence scores, can normally be accomplished solely by the central authority and not by the user.
true
true
true
true
true
6,637
2
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "B24", "B25" ]
19,502,495
pmid-19232072|pmid-18673527
In the context of the European BioSapiens network (24), we have developed DASMIweb as a gateway to interactome data from multiple resources.
[ "24", "25" ]
140
38,631
1
false
In the context of the European BioSapiens network, we have developed DASMIweb as a gateway to interactome data from multiple resources.
[ "24" ]
In the context of the European BioSapiens network, we have developed DASMIweb as a gateway to interactome data from multiple resources.
true
true
true
true
true
6,638
2
INTRODUCTION
1
25
[ "B24", "B25" ]
19,502,495
pmid-19232072|pmid-18673527
In contrast to composite databases, data are not stored in a local repository, but queries are distributed to the original data sources and the unified results are displayed (25).
[ "24", "25" ]
179
38,632
1
false
In contrast to composite databases, data are not stored in a local repository, but queries are distributed to the original data sources and the unified results are displayed.
[ "25" ]
In contrast to composite databases, data are not stored in a local repository, but queries are distributed to the original data sources and the unified results are displayed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,638
2
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "B24", "B25" ]
19,502,495
pmid-19232072|pmid-18673527
Due to this novel realization as a distributed and dynamic system, DASMIweb bypasses the inherent rigidity of static databases and addresses their problem of data update cycles.
[ "24", "25" ]
177
38,633
0
false
Due to this novel realization as a distributed and dynamic system, DASMIweb bypasses the inherent rigidity of static databases and addresses their problem of data update cycles.
[]
Due to this novel realization as a distributed and dynamic system, DASMIweb bypasses the inherent rigidity of static databases and addresses their problem of data update cycles.
true
true
true
true
true
6,638
2
INTRODUCTION
1
24
[ "B24", "B25" ]
19,502,495
pmid-19232072|pmid-18673527
In addition, DASMIweb allows access to distributed servers with confidence scores, which can be used to evaluate the quality of individual interactions with different scoring methods.
[ "24", "25" ]
183
38,634
0
false
In addition, DASMIweb allows access to distributed servers with confidence scores, which can be used to evaluate the quality of individual interactions with different scoring methods.
[]
In addition, DASMIweb allows access to distributed servers with confidence scores, which can be used to evaluate the quality of individual interactions with different scoring methods.
true
true
true
true
true
6,638
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is steadily rising at a global level (33–35), and the most common form of intervention seeking to reverse the disease in recently diagnosed patients has been that of immunosuppression through use of agents such as anti-CD3.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
256
38,635
0
false
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is steadily rising at a global level, and the most common form of intervention seeking to reverse the disease in recently diagnosed patients has been that of immunosuppression through use of agents such as anti-CD3.
[ "33–35" ]
The incidence of type 1 diabetes is steadily rising at a global level, and the most common form of intervention seeking to reverse the disease in recently diagnosed patients has been that of immunosuppression through use of agents such as anti-CD3.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
However, as immunosuppressive regimens are commonly associated with acute morbidity, novel treatments to reduce the burden of immunosuppression are in dire need of development.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
176
38,636
0
false
However, as immunosuppressive regimens are commonly associated with acute morbidity, novel treatments to reduce the burden of immunosuppression are in dire need of development.
[]
However, as immunosuppressive regimens are commonly associated with acute morbidity, novel treatments to reduce the burden of immunosuppression are in dire need of development.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
MSC therapy is one such treatment modality that, because of the considerable immunomodulatory effects of these cells, has shown promising results in treating autoimmune diseases and has the potential to serve as a component of combination therapy to reduce immunosuppressive regimen morbidity (9–12).
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
300
38,637
0
false
MSC therapy is one such treatment modality that, because of the considerable immunomodulatory effects of these cells, has shown promising results in treating autoimmune diseases and has the potential to serve as a component of combination therapy to reduce immunosuppressive regimen morbidity.
[ "9–12" ]
MSC therapy is one such treatment modality that, because of the considerable immunomodulatory effects of these cells, has shown promising results in treating autoimmune diseases and has the potential to serve as a component of combination therapy to reduce immunosuppressive regimen morbidity.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Whereas MSCs are capable of differentiating into a number of mesenchymal cell lineages, hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all cells in the blood and that have been shown to have immunomodulatory roles as well; indeed, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly dia...
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
389
38,638
1
false
Whereas MSCs are capable of differentiating into a number of mesenchymal cell lineages, hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all cells in the blood and that have been shown to have immunomodulatory roles as well; indeed, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly dia...
[ "36" ]
Whereas MSCs are capable of differentiating into a number of mesenchymal cell lineages, hematopoietic stem cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all cells in the blood and that have been shown to have immunomodulatory roles as well; indeed, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly dia...
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Clinical trials examining the effects of MSC therapy have also been initiated for a multitude of disorders, including type 1 diabetes.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
134
38,639
0
false
Clinical trials examining the effects of MSC therapy have also been initiated for a multitude of disorders, including type 1 diabetes.
[]
Clinical trials examining the effects of MSC therapy have also been initiated for a multitude of disorders, including type 1 diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
However, type 1 diabetes trials have been initiated with a paucity of preclinical data, which are necessary to determine the type and course of MSC therapy as well as to elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
246
38,640
0
false
However, type 1 diabetes trials have been initiated with a paucity of preclinical data, which are necessary to determine the type and course of MSC therapy as well as to elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects.
[]
However, type 1 diabetes trials have been initiated with a paucity of preclinical data, which are necessary to determine the type and course of MSC therapy as well as to elucidate the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
We and others have previously demonstrated the benefit of MSC therapy in the specific setting of type 1 diabetes (13,14,37,38).
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
127
38,641
0
false
We and others have previously demonstrated the benefit of MSC therapy in the specific setting of type 1 diabetes.
[ "13,14,37,38" ]
We and others have previously demonstrated the benefit of MSC therapy in the specific setting of type 1 diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Importantly, our previous work demonstrated no therapeutic benefit of autologous MSCs in vivo using a NOD mouse model (13).
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
123
38,642
1
false
Importantly, our previous work demonstrated no therapeutic benefit of autologous MSCs in vivo using a NOD mouse model.
[ "13" ]
Importantly, our previous work demonstrated no therapeutic benefit of autologous MSCs in vivo using a NOD mouse model.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Conversely, allogeneic BALB/c MSC treatment was efficient in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, but reversal was short-lived, perhaps due to the eventual rejection of the allogeneic cells.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
187
38,643
0
false
Conversely, allogeneic BALB/c MSC treatment was efficient in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, but reversal was short-lived, perhaps due to the eventual rejection of the allogeneic cells.
[]
Conversely, allogeneic BALB/c MSC treatment was efficient in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, but reversal was short-lived, perhaps due to the eventual rejection of the allogeneic cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Our previous work also indicated that the most significant preventative effect on experimental type 1 diabetes occurred with congenic NOR MSC treatment.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
152
38,644
0
false
Our previous work also indicated that the most significant preventative effect on experimental type 1 diabetes occurred with congenic NOR MSC treatment.
[]
Our previous work also indicated that the most significant preventative effect on experimental type 1 diabetes occurred with congenic NOR MSC treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "B33", "B34", "B35", "B9", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B36", "B13", "B14", "B37", "B38", "B13" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18502275|pmid-16911623|pmid-7969282|pmid-19489103|pmid-15933795|pmid-19389752|pmid-18468541|pmid-17426276|pmid-19561093|pmid-19421731|pmid-19062254|pmid-17932424|pmid-19561093
Given these data, we sought to examine the effect of NOR MSCs on reversal of hyperglycemia as well as to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for NOR MSC immunomodulation.
[ "33", null, "35", "9", null, null, "12", "36", "13", "14", "37", "38", "13" ]
171
38,645
0
false
Given these data, we sought to examine the effect of NOR MSCs on reversal of hyperglycemia as well as to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for NOR MSC immunomodulation.
[]
Given these data, we sought to examine the effect of NOR MSCs on reversal of hyperglycemia as well as to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for NOR MSC immunomodulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,639
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
In this report, we first demonstrate that NOR MSCs are functionally and lineally mesenchymal as well as confirm their immunomodulatory function in suppressing nonspecific TCR-stimulated proliferation.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
200
38,646
0
false
In this report, we first demonstrate that NOR MSCs are functionally and lineally mesenchymal as well as confirm their immunomodulatory function in suppressing nonspecific TCR-stimulated proliferation.
[]
In this report, we first demonstrate that NOR MSCs are functionally and lineally mesenchymal as well as confirm their immunomodulatory function in suppressing nonspecific TCR-stimulated proliferation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
We next examined their immunosuppressive ability in the specific context of autoreactive T-cell proliferation through use of the BDC2.5 autoreactive T-cell assay; NOR MSCs were shown to potently suppress diabetogenic T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
259
38,647
0
false
We next examined their immunosuppressive ability in the specific context of autoreactive T-cell proliferation through use of the BDC2.5 autoreactive T-cell assay; NOR MSCs were shown to potently suppress diabetogenic T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production.
[]
We next examined their immunosuppressive ability in the specific context of autoreactive T-cell proliferation through use of the BDC2.5 autoreactive T-cell assay; NOR MSCs were shown to potently suppress diabetogenic T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Although NOR MSCs expressed PD-L1 at low levels at baseline, treatment with recombinant IFN-γ resulted in abundant PD-L1 expression.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
132
38,648
0
false
Although NOR MSCs expressed PD-L1 at low levels at baseline, treatment with recombinant IFN-γ resulted in abundant PD-L1 expression.
[]
Although NOR MSCs expressed PD-L1 at low levels at baseline, treatment with recombinant IFN-γ resulted in abundant PD-L1 expression.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Similarly, previous reports have demonstrated IFN-γ to be important for MSC-mediated immunosuppression or PD-L1-mediated MSC immunoregulation (6,39,40).
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
152
38,649
0
false
Similarly, previous reports have demonstrated IFN-γ to be important for MSC-mediated immunosuppression or PD-L1-mediated MSC immunoregulation.
[ "6,39,40" ]
Similarly, previous reports have demonstrated IFN-γ to be important for MSC-mediated immunosuppression or PD-L1-mediated MSC immunoregulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
In our model, IFN-γ production by autoreactive T-cells may upregulate PD-L1 expression on MSCs and thereby augment their immunomodulatory capability.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
149
38,650
0
false
In our model, IFN-γ production by autoreactive T-cells may upregulate PD-L1 expression on MSCs and thereby augment their immunomodulatory capability.
[]
In our model, IFN-γ production by autoreactive T-cells may upregulate PD-L1 expression on MSCs and thereby augment their immunomodulatory capability.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Indeed, we show that addition of NOR MSCs to the BDC2.5 autoreactive assay results in prodigious upregulation of PD-L1 expression on NOR MSCs; we postulate that a similar upregulation occurs after in vivo administration of MSCs to diabetic mice.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
245
38,651
0
false
Indeed, we show that addition of NOR MSCs to the BDC2.5 autoreactive assay results in prodigious upregulation of PD-L1 expression on NOR MSCs; we postulate that a similar upregulation occurs after in vivo administration of MSCs to diabetic mice.
[]
Indeed, we show that addition of NOR MSCs to the BDC2.5 autoreactive assay results in prodigious upregulation of PD-L1 expression on NOR MSCs; we postulate that a similar upregulation occurs after in vivo administration of MSCs to diabetic mice.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
With regard to functionality, the immunosuppressive effect of NOR MSCs was shown to be mediated in part via PD-L1 through siRNA knockdown of MSC PD-L1 expression and consequent abrogation of the suppressive effect on autoreactive T-cell proliferation.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
251
38,652
0
false
With regard to functionality, the immunosuppressive effect of NOR MSCs was shown to be mediated in part via PD-L1 through siRNA knockdown of MSC PD-L1 expression and consequent abrogation of the suppressive effect on autoreactive T-cell proliferation.
[]
With regard to functionality, the immunosuppressive effect of NOR MSCs was shown to be mediated in part via PD-L1 through siRNA knockdown of MSC PD-L1 expression and consequent abrogation of the suppressive effect on autoreactive T-cell proliferation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Given these results, further exploration of the effects of administering PD-L1-positive MSCs and the consequent potential for reducing the MSC number injected to diabetic NOD mice is certainly of merit.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
202
38,653
0
false
Given these results, further exploration of the effects of administering PD-L1-positive MSCs and the consequent potential for reducing the MSC number injected to diabetic NOD mice is certainly of merit.
[]
Given these results, further exploration of the effects of administering PD-L1-positive MSCs and the consequent potential for reducing the MSC number injected to diabetic NOD mice is certainly of merit.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
We also investigated the role of MSCs in regulating the phenotype of DCs.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
73
38,654
0
false
We also investigated the role of MSCs in regulating the phenotype of DCs.
[]
We also investigated the role of MSCs in regulating the phenotype of DCs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Primary diabetic insult is identified by peri-insulitis of the pancreas after DC and macrophage infiltration, and MSCs have been shown to both suppress and alter DC differentiation in other models (2,7).
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
203
38,655
0
false
Primary diabetic insult is identified by peri-insulitis of the pancreas after DC and macrophage infiltration, and MSCs have been shown to both suppress and alter DC differentiation in other models.
[ "2,7" ]
Primary diabetic insult is identified by peri-insulitis of the pancreas after DC and macrophage infiltration, and MSCs have been shown to both suppress and alter DC differentiation in other models.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Herein, we show that the presence of MSCs reduces CD11c and CD11b expression, decreases inflammatory Ly-6c expression in the CD11b+ population, and suppresses differentiation as shown by increased frequency of lineage-negative and Sca-1+ cells.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
244
38,656
0
false
Herein, we show that the presence of MSCs reduces CD11c and CD11b expression, decreases inflammatory Ly-6c expression in the CD11b+ population, and suppresses differentiation as shown by increased frequency of lineage-negative and Sca-1+ cells.
[]
Herein, we show that the presence of MSCs reduces CD11c and CD11b expression, decreases inflammatory Ly-6c expression in the CD11b+ population, and suppresses differentiation as shown by increased frequency of lineage-negative and Sca-1+ cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
TNF-α production, a growth factor involved in DC maturation and produced by mature DCs, was suppressed in MSC cocultures, and DC morphology was similarly altered in the presence of MSCs.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
186
38,657
0
false
TNF-α production, a growth factor involved in DC maturation and produced by mature DCs, was suppressed in MSC cocultures, and DC morphology was similarly altered in the presence of MSCs.
[]
TNF-α production, a growth factor involved in DC maturation and produced by mature DCs, was suppressed in MSC cocultures, and DC morphology was similarly altered in the presence of MSCs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
1
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "B6", "B39", "B40", "B2", "B7" ]
20,841,611
pmid-18607390|pmid-16123384|pmid-17507101|pmid-19398717|pmid-16887966
Moreover, we demonstrate that these effects are in large part mediated by IL-6 through the use of a blocking IL-6 antibody and the consequent reversal of this effect, although other factors such as Flt3L and M-CSF may be involved due to incomplete abrogation of all phenotypic alterations.
[ "6", "39", "40", "2", "7" ]
289
38,658
0
false
Moreover, we demonstrate that these effects are in large part mediated by IL-6 through the use of a blocking IL-6 antibody and the consequent reversal of this effect, although other factors such as Flt3L and M-CSF may be involved due to incomplete abrogation of all phenotypic alterations.
[]
Moreover, we demonstrate that these effects are in large part mediated by IL-6 through the use of a blocking IL-6 antibody and the consequent reversal of this effect, although other factors such as Flt3L and M-CSF may be involved due to incomplete abrogation of all phenotypic alterations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,640
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Our reversal studies in the NOD mouse show a marked incidence in reversal of recent-onset hyperglycemia in eight of nine mice in response to NOR MSC treatment, with prolonged reversal of 83% of mice treated with NOR MSCs (i.e., in five of six long-term survivors), whereas control mice reverted to hyperglycemia soon aft...
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
356
38,659
0
false
Our reversal studies in the NOD mouse show a marked incidence in reversal of recent-onset hyperglycemia in eight of nine mice in response to NOR MSC treatment, with prolonged reversal of 83% of mice treated with NOR MSCs (i.e., in five of six long-term survivors), whereas control mice reverted to hyperglycemia soon aft...
[]
Our reversal studies in the NOD mouse show a marked incidence in reversal of recent-onset hyperglycemia in eight of nine mice in response to NOR MSC treatment, with prolonged reversal of 83% of mice treated with NOR MSCs (i.e., in five of six long-term survivors), whereas control mice reverted to hyperglycemia soon aft...
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Serum cytokine studies of reversal mice showed changes in the cytokine profile with respect to IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12(p40).
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
129
38,660
0
false
Serum cytokine studies of reversal mice showed changes in the cytokine profile with respect to IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12(p40).
[]
Serum cytokine studies of reversal mice showed changes in the cytokine profile with respect to IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-12.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine purported to have both anti- and proinflammatory roles; in type 1 diabetes, reports of its effects are conflicting, but it has been shown to protect β-cells from apoptosis and impaired function as well as delay the onset of overt diabetes in NOD mice (41–43).
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
290
38,661
0
false
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine purported to have both anti- and proinflammatory roles; in type 1 diabetes, reports of its effects are conflicting, but it has been shown to protect β-cells from apoptosis and impaired function as well as delay the onset of overt diabetes in NOD mice.
[ "41–43" ]
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine purported to have both anti- and proinflammatory roles; in type 1 diabetes, reports of its effects are conflicting, but it has been shown to protect β-cells from apoptosis and impaired function as well as delay the onset of overt diabetes in NOD mice.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Our in vitro data also demonstrate the central role of IL-6 in NOR MSC suppression of DC generation.
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
100
38,662
0
false
Our in vitro data also demonstrate the central role of IL-6 in NOR MSC suppression of DC generation.
[]
Our in vitro data also demonstrate the central role of IL-6 in NOR MSC suppression of DC generation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
IL-7, although important for effector memory T-cell survival, has also recently been demonstrated to be necessary for common lymphoid progenitor development, from which plasmacytoid DCs arise (44).
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
197
38,663
1
false
IL-7, although important for effector memory T-cell survival, has also recently been demonstrated to be necessary for common lymphoid progenitor development, from which plasmacytoid DCs arise.
[ "44" ]
IL-7, although important for effector memory T-cell survival, has also recently been demonstrated to be necessary for common lymphoid progenitor development, from which plasmacytoid DCs arise.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
IL-10 is an established immunoregulatory cytokine, whereas the homodimer IL-12(p40) inhibits action of the bioactive heterodimer IL-12(p70) (45,46).
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
148
38,664
0
false
IL-10 is an established immunoregulatory cytokine, whereas the homodimer IL-12(p40) inhibits action of the bioactive heterodimer IL-12(p70).
[ "45,46" ]
IL-10 is an established immunoregulatory cytokine, whereas the homodimer IL-12 inhibits action of the bioactive heterodimer IL-12(p70).
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Taken together, changes in cytokines appear to skew the inflammatory diabetogenic environment toward a more regulatory profile in response to NOR MSC treatment.
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
160
38,665
0
false
Taken together, changes in cytokines appear to skew the inflammatory diabetogenic environment toward a more regulatory profile in response to NOR MSC treatment.
[]
Taken together, changes in cytokines appear to skew the inflammatory diabetogenic environment toward a more regulatory profile in response to NOR MSC treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Consistent with our in vitro data, we demonstrate altered DC phenotype in response to NOR MSC treatment, manifested by diverting the CD11c+ subset toward a more regulatory cell as well as possibly preventing myeloid APC differentiation, as demonstrated by reduced expression of CD11c and F4/80 after MSC injection in viv...
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
322
38,666
0
false
Consistent with our in vitro data, we demonstrate altered DC phenotype in response to NOR MSC treatment, manifested by diverting the CD11c+ subset toward a more regulatory cell as well as possibly preventing myeloid APC differentiation, as demonstrated by reduced expression of CD11c and F4/80 after MSC injection in viv...
[]
Consistent with our in vitro data, we demonstrate altered DC phenotype in response to NOR MSC treatment, manifested by diverting the CD11c+ subset toward a more regulatory cell as well as possibly preventing myeloid APC differentiation, as demonstrated by reduced expression of CD11c and F4/80 after MSC injection in viv...
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
47
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Interestingly, the CD11c+CD11b+ subset has been shown to prime autoreactive T-cells, resulting in physiological β-cell death (47), and our treatment, particularly given our in vitro data, appears to retard development of this cell subset.
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
238
38,667
1
false
Interestingly, the CD11c+CD11b+ subset has been shown to prime autoreactive T-cells, resulting in physiological β-cell death, and our treatment, particularly given our in vitro data, appears to retard development of this cell subset.
[ "47" ]
Interestingly, the CD11c+CD11b+ subset has been shown to prime autoreactive T-cells, resulting in physiological β-cell death, and our treatment, particularly given our in vitro data, appears to retard development of this cell subset.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
Moreover, plasmacytoid DC frequency was found to be markedly increased in response to NOR MSC treatment, and DCs of this lineage have been shown to prevent acceleration of insulitis in NOD mice, as well as to suppress myeloid DC activation of effector cells (48,49), which is consistent with the decreased frequency of C...
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
391
38,668
0
false
Moreover, plasmacytoid DC frequency was found to be markedly increased in response to NOR MSC treatment, and DCs of this lineage have been shown to prevent acceleration of insulitis in NOD mice, as well as to suppress myeloid DC activation of effector cells, which is consistent with the decreased frequency of CD4 and C...
[ "48,49" ]
Moreover, plasmacytoid DC frequency was found to be markedly increased in response to NOR MSC treatment, and DCs of this lineage have been shown to prevent acceleration of insulitis in NOD mice, as well as to suppress myeloid DC activation of effector cells, which is consistent with the decreased frequency of CD4 and C...
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
2
DISCUSSION
1
50
[ "B41", "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45", "B46", "B47", "B48", "B49", "B50" ]
20,841,611
pmid-7696203|pmid-15203128|pmid-16306329|pmid-19246338|pmid-9353058|pmid-8958912|pmid-14623908|pmid-17911589|pmid-15238608|pmid-18829388
As it has also been shown that type 1 diabetic patients have a reduced pDC compartment (50), increased frequency of pDC after NOR MSC treatment may thus contribute to the reversal of hyperglycemia that we observed.
[ "41", null, "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "50" ]
214
38,669
1
false
As it has also been shown that type 1 diabetic patients have a reduced pDC compartment, increased frequency of pDC after NOR MSC treatment may thus contribute to the reversal of hyperglycemia that we observed.
[ "50" ]
As it has also been shown that type 1 diabetic patients have a reduced pDC compartment, increased frequency of pDC after NOR MSC treatment may thus contribute to the reversal of hyperglycemia that we observed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,641
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,841,611
null
Taken together, NOR MSC treatment resulted in efficient reversal of hyperglycemia, suppressed autoreactive T-cell proliferation via PD-L1, and increased production of regulatory cytokines and frequency of plasmacytoid DCs.
null
222
38,670
0
false
null
null
Taken together, NOR MSC treatment resulted in efficient reversal of hyperglycemia, suppressed autoreactive T-cell proliferation via PD-L1, and increased production of regulatory cytokines and frequency of plasmacytoid DCs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,642
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,841,611
null
This work is the first to demonstrate the distinct benefit of congenic MSCs in reversing hyperglycemia and ameliorating diabetes pathogenesis.
null
142
38,671
0
false
null
null
This work is the first to demonstrate the distinct benefit of congenic MSCs in reversing hyperglycemia and ameliorating diabetes pathogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,642
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,841,611
null
Further exploration to optimize and to confirm the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy is the subject of our future studies.
null
123
38,672
0
false
null
null
Further exploration to optimize and to confirm the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy is the subject of our future studies.
true
true
true
true
true
6,642
3
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,841,611
null
These data should serve to shape future type 1 diabetes clinical trials with regard to optimal MSC source and therapeutic regimen.
null
130
38,673
0
false
null
null
These data should serve to shape future type 1 diabetes clinical trials with regard to optimal MSC source and therapeutic regimen.
true
true
true
true
true
6,642
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
Customary diagnosis of periodontal disease features the gathering of certain clinical and radiographical parameters.
null
116
38,674
0
false
null
null
Customary diagnosis of periodontal disease features the gathering of certain clinical and radiographical parameters.
true
true
true
true
true
6,643
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
By using these observations, the clinician attempts to determine the patient’s periodontal status, and identify clinical signs that allow predicting the disease course.
null
168
38,675
0
false
null
null
By using these observations, the clinician attempts to determine the patient’s periodontal status, and identify clinical signs that allow predicting the disease course.
true
true
true
true
true
6,643
1
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "R1" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8794964|pmid-2262585|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699|pmid-9543194
The bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely used clinical sign as indicator of the periodontal condition and disease progression [1].
[ "1" ]
131
38,676
1
false
The bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely used clinical sign as indicator of the periodontal condition and disease progression.
[ "1" ]
The bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely used clinical sign as indicator of the periodontal condition and disease progression.
true
true
true
true
true
6,644
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ]
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
Its clinical relevance has been shown and supported by several studies.
[ "2", "3", "4", "5" ]
71
38,677
0
false
Its clinical relevance has been shown and supported by several studies.
[]
Its clinical relevance has been shown and supported by several studies.
true
true
true
true
true
6,645
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ]
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
A study on this topic, published in 1990 by Lang and colleagues, demonstrates how the absence of BOP represents a reliable indicator of periodontal stability [2].
[ "2", "3", "4", "5" ]
162
38,678
1
false
A study on this topic, published in 1990 by Lang and colleagues, demonstrates how the absence of BOP represents a reliable indicator of periodontal stability.
[ "2" ]
A study on this topic, published in 1990 by Lang and colleagues, demonstrates how the absence of BOP represents a reliable indicator of periodontal stability.
true
true
true
true
true
6,645
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ]
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
Some years later Albandar and colleagues reported that, in individuals with early-onset periodontitis, existing lesions show more disease progression in sites with overt gingival inflammation than in sites where it was absent
[ "2", "3", "4", "5" ]
225
38,679
0
false
Some years later Albandar and colleagues reported that, in individuals with early-onset periodontitis, existing lesions show more disease progression in sites with overt gingival inflammation than in sites where it was absent
[]
Some years later Albandar and colleagues reported that, in individuals with early-onset periodontitis, existing lesions show more disease progression in sites with overt gingival inflammation than in sites where it was absent
true
true
false
true
false
6,645
2
INTRODUCTION
1
4
[ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ]
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
Recently, it has been demonstrated how a persistent presence of gingivitis in a periodontal site all over a long period of observation (26 years), is responsible for future periodontal breakdown [4].
[ "2", "3", "4", "5" ]
199
38,680
1
false
Recently, it has been demonstrated how a persistent presence of gingivitis in a periodontal site all over a long period of observation, is responsible for future periodontal breakdown.
[ "26 years", "4" ]
Recently, it has been demonstrated how a persistent presence of gingivitis in a periodontal site all over a long period of observation, is responsible for future periodontal breakdown.
true
true
true
true
true
6,645
2
INTRODUCTION
1
2
[ "R2", "R3", "R4", "R5" ]
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
Besides, the value of BOP as predictor of future periodontal deterioration seems to significantly increase when associated with periodontal pocket depth greater than or equal to 6 mm
[ "2", "3", "4", "5" ]
182
38,681
0
false
Besides, the value of BOP as predictor of future periodontal deterioration seems to significantly increase when associated with periodontal pocket depth greater than or equal to 6 mm
[]
Besides, the value of BOP as predictor of future periodontal deterioration seems to significantly increase when associated with periodontal pocket depth greater than or equal to 6 mm
true
true
false
true
false
6,645
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "R6" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
Even though all these findings point out the important role of BOP on present and future periodontal conditions, many are the variables that can play a confounding role on it.
[ "6" ]
175
38,682
0
false
Even though all these findings point out the important role of BOP on present and future periodontal conditions, many are the variables that can play a confounding role on it.
[]
Even though all these findings point out the important role of BOP on present and future periodontal conditions, many are the variables that can play a confounding role on it.
true
true
true
true
true
6,646
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "R6" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
For instance it has been clearly shown how the smoke habit reduces the bleeding response to the periodontal probing [6].
[ "6" ]
120
38,683
1
false
For instance it has been clearly shown how the smoke habit reduces the bleeding response to the periodontal probing.
[ "6" ]
For instance it has been clearly shown how the smoke habit reduces the bleeding response to the periodontal probing.
true
true
true
true
true
6,646
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "R6" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
As well, the fact that BOP could appear either from a deep periodontal tissue inflammation or to a superficial one could have important implications that shouldn’t be underestimated.
[ "6" ]
182
38,684
0
false
As well, the fact that BOP could appear either from a deep periodontal tissue inflammation or to a superficial one could have important implications that shouldn’t be underestimated.
[]
As well, the fact that BOP could appear either from a deep periodontal tissue inflammation or to a superficial one could have important implications that shouldn’t be underestimated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,646
3
INTRODUCTION
1
6
[ "R6" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
Additionally, in spite of a quite clear connection between gingival bleeding and inflammation state, very few are known about the entity and physical state of subgingival bacterial deposits and BOP.
[ "6" ]
198
38,685
0
false
Additionally, in spite of a quite clear connection between gingival bleeding and inflammation state, very few are known about the entity and physical state of subgingival bacterial deposits and BOP.
[]
Additionally, in spite of a quite clear connection between gingival bleeding and inflammation state, very few are known about the entity and physical state of subgingival bacterial deposits and BOP.
true
true
true
true
true
6,646
4
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "R7" ]
19,672,332
pmid-11990438
To date the anatomical peculiarities of the area have undeniably limited the investigation on this topic.
[ "7" ]
105
38,686
0
false
To date the anatomical peculiarities of the area have undeniably limited the investigation on this topic.
[]
To date the anatomical peculiarities of the area have undeniably limited the investigation on this topic.
true
true
true
true
true
6,647
4
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "R7" ]
19,672,332
pmid-11990438
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology (DV2, Dental View, Irvine, CA) has given for the first time a non-traumatic visual access to the subgingival area, consequently, opening new clinical research possibilities [7] (Fig.
[ "7" ]
241
38,687
1
false
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology (DV2, Dental View, Irvine, CA) has given for the first time a non-traumatic visual access to the subgingival area, consequently, opening new clinical research possibilities (Fig.
[ "7" ]
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology (DV2, Dental View, Irvine, CA) has given for the first time a non-traumatic visual access to the subgingival area, consequently, opening new clinical research possibilities (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,647
5
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,672,332
pmid-3517073|pmid-7014822|pmid-8295086
The aim of this study is to verify, by using this innovative tool, the presence of subgingival deposits and evaluate their correlation with BOP and other periodontal clinical parameters.
null
186
38,688
0
false
null
null
The aim of this study is to verify, by using this innovative tool, the presence of subgingival deposits and evaluate their correlation with BOP and other periodontal clinical parameters.
true
true
true
true
true
6,648
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "R12", "R13", "R14", "R19" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
Nowadays it is commonly accepted that bacterial deposits are the key factor in the onset of periodontal disease [12].
[ "12", "13", "14", "19" ]
117
38,689
1
false
Nowadays it is commonly accepted that bacterial deposits are the key factor in the onset of periodontal disease.
[ "12" ]
Nowadays it is commonly accepted that bacterial deposits are the key factor in the onset of periodontal disease.
true
true
true
true
true
6,649
0
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "R12", "R13", "R14", "R19" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
As a consequence the primary aim of periodontal treatment is to recreate a healthy periodontal state by the removal of microorganism and their derivations from the tooth surfaces [13].
[ "12", "13", "14", "19" ]
184
38,690
1
false
As a consequence the primary aim of periodontal treatment is to recreate a healthy periodontal state by the removal of microorganism and their derivations from the tooth surfaces.
[ "13" ]
As a consequence the primary aim of periodontal treatment is to recreate a healthy periodontal state by the removal of microorganism and their derivations from the tooth surfaces.
true
true
true
true
true
6,649
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "R12", "R13", "R14", "R19" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
The evaluation of the efficacy of removal of bacterial deposits from the subgingival root surface has been, therefore, an important topic of many scientific studies on the periodontal treatments efficiency [14-19].
[ "12", "13", "14", "19" ]
214
38,691
0
false
The evaluation of the efficacy of removal of bacterial deposits from the subgingival root surface has been, therefore, an important topic of many scientific studies on the periodontal treatments efficiency.
[ "14-19" ]
The evaluation of the efficacy of removal of bacterial deposits from the subgingival root surface has been, therefore, an important topic of many scientific studies on the periodontal treatments efficiency.
true
true
true
true
true
6,649
0
DISCUSSION
1
12
[ "R12", "R13", "R14", "R19" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8708961|pmid-1552465|pmid-3550036|pmid-17199535
Unfortunately, all of these studies evaluated the presence of residual deposits on extracted teeth, condition that undoubtedly limits clinical considerations.
[ "12", "13", "14", "19" ]
158
38,692
0
false
Unfortunately, all of these studies evaluated the presence of residual deposits on extracted teeth, condition that undoubtedly limits clinical considerations.
[]
Unfortunately, all of these studies evaluated the presence of residual deposits on extracted teeth, condition that undoubtedly limits clinical considerations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,649
1
DISCUSSION
1
2
[ "R2", "R4", "R5", "R3" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8794964|pmid-2262585|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699|pmid-9543194
The association between BOP, important sign of clinical inflammation, and periodontal destruction has been studied [2,4,5].
[ "2", "4", "5", "3" ]
123
38,693
0
false
The association between BOP, important sign of clinical inflammation, and periodontal destruction has been studied.
[ "2,4,5" ]
The association between BOP, important sign of clinical inflammation, and periodontal destruction has been studied.
true
true
true
true
true
6,650
1
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "R2", "R4", "R5", "R3" ]
19,672,332
pmid-8794964|pmid-2262585|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699|pmid-9543194
Though a direct association between them has been demonstrated, it has also been shown that a high percentage of sites with gingival inflammation and/or calculus could not develop attachment loss [3].
[ "2", "4", "5", "3" ]
200
38,694
1
false
Though a direct association between them has been demonstrated, it has also been shown that a high percentage of sites with gingival inflammation and/or calculus could not develop attachment loss.
[ "3" ]
Though a direct association between them has been demonstrated, it has also been shown that a high percentage of sites with gingival inflammation and/or calculus could not develop attachment loss.
true
true
true
true
true
6,650
2
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
pmid-2262585|pmid-9543194|pmid-14710769|pmid-7593699
These observations derive the consciousness that a deeper knowledge on this topic is still needed.
null
98
38,695
0
false
null
null
These observations derive the consciousness that a deeper knowledge on this topic is still needed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,651
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "R7" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology has open new research possibilities in this field.
[ "7" ]
109
38,696
0
false
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology has open new research possibilities in this field.
[]
The recent introduction of the endoscopy in periodontology has open new research possibilities in this field.
true
true
true
true
true
6,652
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "R7" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
The use of this new high tech instrument seems to give additional and interesting information, rather than just using traditional clinical parameters.
[ "7" ]
150
38,697
0
false
The use of this new high tech instrument seems to give additional and interesting information, rather than just using traditional clinical parameters.
[]
The use of this new high tech instrument seems to give additional and interesting information, rather than just using traditional clinical parameters.
true
true
true
true
true
6,652
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "R7" ]
19,672,332
pmid-16881812|pmid-11990438
Actually, it is the first time that it is given the possibility to atraumatically observe the root deposits beneath the gingival margin and their effect on the surrounding periodontal soft tissues [7].
[ "7" ]
201
38,698
1
false
Actually, it is the first time that it is given the possibility to atraumatically observe the root deposits beneath the gingival margin and their effect on the surrounding periodontal soft tissues.
[ "7" ]
Actually, it is the first time that it is given the possibility to atraumatically observe the root deposits beneath the gingival margin and their effect on the surrounding periodontal soft tissues.
true
true
true
true
true
6,652
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
pmid-11990438
The present study is based on this innovation.
null
46
38,699
0
false
null
null
The present study is based on this innovation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,653
5
DISCUSSION
1
15
[ "R15", "R16", "R18" ]
19,672,332
pmid-3517073|pmid-7014822|pmid-8295086
Our endoscopical observations of subgingival residues after scaling and root-planing gave results in line with those found by previous studies on extracted teeth [15,16,18].
[ "15", "16", "18" ]
173
38,700
0
false
Our endoscopical observations of subgingival residues after scaling and root-planing gave results in line with those found by previous studies on extracted teeth.
[ "15,16,18" ]
Our endoscopical observations of subgingival residues after scaling and root-planing gave results in line with those found by previous studies on extracted teeth.
true
true
true
true
true
6,654
5
DISCUSSION
1
15
[ "R15", "R16", "R18" ]
19,672,332
pmid-3517073|pmid-7014822|pmid-8295086
The plaque and calculus residues were detected, respectively, in 55% and 38% of the examined sites.
[ "15", "16", "18" ]
99
38,701
0
false
The plaque and calculus residues were detected, respectively, in 55% and 38% of the examined sites.
[]
The plaque and calculus residues were detected, respectively, in 55% and 38% of the examined sites.
true
true
true
true
true
6,654
5
DISCUSSION
1
15
[ "R15", "R16", "R18" ]
19,672,332
pmid-3517073|pmid-7014822|pmid-8295086
The residues, both calcified and not, were mostly found on the lingual side (Fig.
[ "15", "16", "18" ]
81
38,702
0
false
The residues, both calcified and not, were mostly found on the lingual side (Fig.
[]
The residues, both calcified and not, were mostly found on the lingual side (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,654
5
DISCUSSION
1
15
[ "R15", "R16", "R18" ]
19,672,332
pmid-3517073|pmid-7014822|pmid-8295086
5) emphasizing the difficulty of access to this area, both for the clinician and for personal oral hygiene.
[ "15", "16", "18" ]
107
38,703
0
false
5) emphasizing the difficulty of access to this area, both for the clinician and for personal oral hygiene.
[]
5) emphasizing the difficulty of access to this area, both for the clinician and for personal oral hygiene.
false
false
true
true
false
6,654
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
The low correlation detected between GI and BOP is probably due to the study design (Table 2).
null
94
38,704
0
false
null
null
The low correlation detected between GI and BOP is probably due to the study design (Table 2).
true
true
true
true
true
6,655
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
The scaling and root planing together with the patients’ oral hygiene have undoubtedly contributed to a general state of health of the periodontal soft tissue as measured by the GI.
null
181
38,705
0
false
null
null
The scaling and root planing together with the patients’ oral hygiene have undoubtedly contributed to a general state of health of the periodontal soft tissue as measured by the GI.
true
true
true
true
true
6,655
6
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
This result demonstrates how the clinical parameters of the gingival tissues do not always reflect the state of the deeper portion of the periodontal soft tissues.
null
163
38,706
0
false
null
null
This result demonstrates how the clinical parameters of the gingival tissues do not always reflect the state of the deeper portion of the periodontal soft tissues.
true
true
true
true
true
6,655
7
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "R20" ]
19,672,332
pmid-14296927
The absence of correlation between PI and BOP can be explained by variations in personal oral hygiene (Table 2).
[ "20" ]
112
38,707
0
false
The absence of correlation between PI and BOP can be explained by variations in personal oral hygiene (Table 2).
[]
The absence of correlation between PI and BOP can be explained by variations in personal oral hygiene.
true
true
true
true
true
6,656
7
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "R20" ]
19,672,332
pmid-14296927
We know, from the work by Löe et al.
[ "20" ]
36
38,708
0
false
We know, from the work by Löe et al.
[]
We know, from the work by Löe et al.
true
true
true
true
true
6,656
7
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "R20" ]
19,672,332
pmid-14296927
(1965), that the onset of gingivitis requires a presence of bacterial plaque for some length of time [20].
[ "20" ]
106
38,709
1
false
(1965), that the onset of gingivitis requires a presence of bacterial plaque for some length of time.
[ "20" ]
(1965), that the onset of gingivitis requires a presence of bacterial plaque for some length of time.
false
false
true
true
false
6,656
8
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "R9" ]
19,672,332
pmid-4500182
Another explanation of the absence of correlation detected could be the plaque index used in this study [9].
[ "9" ]
108
38,710
1
false
Another explanation of the absence of correlation detected could be the plaque index used in this study.
[ "9" ]
Another explanation of the absence of correlation detected could be the plaque index used in this study.
true
true
true
true
true
6,657
8
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "R9" ]
19,672,332
pmid-4500182
It does not allow a distinction in degree of plaque deposits quantity, therefore, a small deposit was counted equal to a much larger one.
[ "9" ]
137
38,711
0
false
It does not allow a distinction in degree of plaque deposits quantity, therefore, a small deposit was counted equal to a much larger one.
[]
It does not allow a distinction in degree of plaque deposits quantity, therefore, a small deposit was counted equal to a much larger one.
true
true
true
true
true
6,657
8
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "R9" ]
19,672,332
pmid-4500182
Thus, it is difficult to show the specific influence of supragingival soft deposits on periodontal tissues.
[ "9" ]
107
38,712
0
false
Thus, it is difficult to show the specific influence of supragingival soft deposits on periodontal tissues.
[]
Thus, it is difficult to show the specific influence of supragingival soft deposits on periodontal tissues.
true
true
true
true
true
6,657
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
ECI and EBI resulted correlated either to tooth type or site.
null
61
38,713
0
false
null
null
ECI and EBI resulted correlated either to tooth type or site.
true
true
true
true
true
6,658
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
Higher values of these indices were reported for molar teeth and inter-proximal areas.
null
86
38,714
0
false
null
null
Higher values of these indices were reported for molar teeth and inter-proximal areas.
true
true
true
true
true
6,658
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,672,332
null
This result confirms the challenge these areas represent for the clinician to obtain, during scaling and root planing, an exhaustive debridement of the root surfaces.
null
166
38,715
0
false
null
null
This result confirms the challenge these areas represent for the clinician to obtain, during scaling and root planing, an exhaustive debridement of the root surfaces.
true
true
true
true
true
6,658