Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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 Community
1
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3
DISCUSSION
1
73
[ "bib73", "bib24", "bib74", "bib77" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-17573352|pmid-11292382|pmid-3922757
The spontaneous transfer of ceramide may be significant as it is unclear whether ceramides are completely degraded by acid ceramidase or, in part, can leave the acidic compartments intact as shown previously for endocytosed, nondegradable analogs of glucosylceramide and gangliosides GM2 and GM1 (74–77).
[ "73", "24", "74", "77" ]
304
38,916
0
false
The spontaneous transfer of ceramide may be significant as it is unclear whether ceramides are completely degraded by acid ceramidase or, in part, can leave the acidic compartments intact as shown previously for endocytosed, nondegradable analogs of glucosylceramide and gangliosides GM2 and GM1.
[ "74–77" ]
The spontaneous transfer of ceramide may be significant as it is unclear whether ceramides are completely degraded by acid ceramidase or, in part, can leave the acidic compartments intact as shown previously for endocytosed, nondegradable analogs of glucosylceramide and gangliosides GM2 and GM1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,699
4
DISCUSSION
1
54
[ "bib54", "bib35", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11104761|pmid-8204660|pmid-17552909
Ceramides are degraded at pH values below 4.8 by acid ceramidase into fatty acids and sphingoid bases, the final products of sphingolipid degradation in the lysosomes (54).
[ "54", "35", "29" ]
172
38,917
1
false
Ceramides are degraded at pH values below 4.8 by acid ceramidase into fatty acids and sphingoid bases, the final products of sphingolipid degradation in the lysosomes.
[ "54" ]
Ceramides are degraded at pH values below 4.8 by acid ceramidase into fatty acids and sphingoid bases, the final products of sphingolipid degradation in the lysosomes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,700
4
DISCUSSION
1
54
[ "bib54", "bib35", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11104761|pmid-8204660|pmid-17552909
Our data show that oleic acid, linoleic acid, sphinganine, and sphingosine are spontaneously transferred, even within a short experimental period of 3 min.
[ "54", "35", "29" ]
155
38,918
0
false
Our data show that oleic acid, linoleic acid, sphinganine, and sphingosine are spontaneously transferred, even within a short experimental period of 3 min.
[]
Our data show that oleic acid, linoleic acid, sphinganine, and sphingosine are spontaneously transferred, even within a short experimental period of 3 min.
true
true
true
true
true
6,700
4
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "bib54", "bib35", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11104761|pmid-8204660|pmid-17552909
Their abnormally high levels in the liver, spleen, and cerebral cortex of patients with NPC disease and other lysosomal disorders previously reported (35) does not seem to be due to lack of NPC2.
[ "54", "35", "29" ]
195
38,919
1
false
Their abnormally high levels in the liver, spleen, and cerebral cortex of patients with NPC disease and other lysosomal disorders previously reported does not seem to be due to lack of NPC2.
[ "35" ]
Their abnormally high levels in the liver, spleen, and cerebral cortex of patients with NPC disease and other lysosomal disorders previously reported does not seem to be due to lack of NPC2.
true
true
true
true
true
6,700
4
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib54", "bib35", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11104761|pmid-8204660|pmid-17552909
With our improved assay conditions, we could clearly demonstrate that, in contrast to NPC2, other lysosomal proteins (GM2AP, Sap C, and others) do not mediate cholesterol transfer at substantial rates, although a slightly faster transfer rate was reported recently (29).
[ "54", "35", "29" ]
270
38,920
1
false
With our improved assay conditions, we could clearly demonstrate that, in contrast to NPC2, other lysosomal proteins (GM2AP, Sap C, and others) do not mediate cholesterol transfer at substantial rates, although a slightly faster transfer rate was reported recently.
[ "29" ]
With our improved assay conditions, we could clearly demonstrate that, in contrast to NPC2, other lysosomal proteins do not mediate cholesterol transfer at substantial rates, although a slightly faster transfer rate was reported recently.
true
true
true
true
true
6,700
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
BMP (C18:1) has been reported to enhance degradation of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids by lysosomal exohydrolases in the presence of sphingolipid activator proteins (39, 54, 58, 59).
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
188
38,921
0
false
BMP (C18:1) has been reported to enhance degradation of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids by lysosomal exohydrolases in the presence of sphingolipid activator proteins.
[ "39, 54, 58, 59" ]
BMP (C18:1) has been reported to enhance degradation of sphingolipids and glycosphingolipids by lysosomal exohydrolases in the presence of sphingolipid activator proteins.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
Its ability to stimulate cholesterol transfer at lysosomal pH has been previously reported (29).
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
96
38,922
1
false
Its ability to stimulate cholesterol transfer at lysosomal pH has been previously reported.
[ "29" ]
Its ability to stimulate cholesterol transfer at lysosomal pH has been previously reported.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
4A clearly shows that BMP also stimulates cholesterol transfer at the pH of the late endosomal compartments (around pH 5.0), although to a lesser extent than that previously reported at lysosomal pH of around 4.5 (29).
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
218
38,923
1
false
4A clearly shows that BMP also stimulates cholesterol transfer at the pH of the late endosomal compartments (around pH 5.0), although to a lesser extent than that previously reported at lysosomal pH of around 4.5.
[ "29" ]
4A clearly shows that BMP also stimulates cholesterol transfer at the pH of the late endosomal compartments (around pH 5.0), although to a lesser extent than that previously reported at lysosomal pH of around 4.5.
false
false
true
true
false
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
This result is reasonable because it confirms the observation that BMP concentration increases in the inner membranes of the endocytic pathway while cholesterol concentration and the luminal pH decreases (3).
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
208
38,924
1
false
This result is reasonable because it confirms the observation that BMP concentration increases in the inner membranes of the endocytic pathway while cholesterol concentration and the luminal pH decreases.
[ "3" ]
This result is reasonable because it confirms the observation that BMP concentration increases in the inner membranes of the endocytic pathway while cholesterol concentration and the luminal pH decreases.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
However, at a 30% molar concentration of BMP, the rate of cholesterol transfer is more than doubled compared with the cholesterol transfer rate recorded in the absence of BMP at pH 5.0.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
185
38,925
0
false
However, at a 30% molar concentration of BMP, the rate of cholesterol transfer is more than doubled compared with the cholesterol transfer rate recorded in the absence of BMP at pH 5.0.
[]
However, at a 30% molar concentration of BMP, the rate of cholesterol transfer is more than doubled compared with the cholesterol transfer rate recorded in the absence of BMP at pH 5.0.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
It is noteworthy that BMP (18:1) with native acyl chains stimulates cholesterol transfer much better than BMP (14:0) with unnatural acyl chains.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
144
38,926
0
false
It is noteworthy that BMP (18:1) with native acyl chains stimulates cholesterol transfer much better than BMP (14:0) with unnatural acyl chains.
[]
It is noteworthy that BMP (18:1) with native acyl chains stimulates cholesterol transfer much better than BMP (14:0) with unnatural acyl chains.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
As BMP (18:1) and BMP (14:0) have the same configuration, their effect on cholesterol transport seems to be solely related to the acyl chain length and/or unsaturation.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
168
38,927
0
false
As BMP (18:1) and BMP (14:0) have the same configuration, their effect on cholesterol transport seems to be solely related to the acyl chain length and/or unsaturation.
[]
As BMP (18:1) and BMP (14:0) have the same configuration, their effect on cholesterol transport seems to be solely related to the acyl chain length and/or unsaturation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
It will be interesting to see what the effect of BMP (22:5) with longer acyl chains will be.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
92
38,928
0
false
It will be interesting to see what the effect of BMP with longer acyl chains will be.
[ "22:5" ]
It will be interesting to see what the effect of BMP with longer acyl chains will be.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
There may also be a significant difference between the effects of natural BMPs and the synthetic ones used here.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
112
38,929
0
false
There may also be a significant difference between the effects of natural BMPs and the synthetic ones used here.
[]
There may also be a significant difference between the effects of natural BMPs and the synthetic ones used here.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
It is obvious from this work and the previous reports (22, 29, 30) that BMP is needed to stimulate cholesterol transfer.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
120
38,930
0
false
It is obvious from this work and the previous reports that BMP is needed to stimulate cholesterol transfer.
[ "22, 29, 30" ]
It is obvious from this work and the previous reports that BMP is needed to stimulate cholesterol transfer.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
The combined presence of BMP and hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., acid sphingomyelinase) might have an important effect on cholesterol transfer.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
137
38,931
0
false
The combined presence of BMP and hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., acid sphingomyelinase) might have an important effect on cholesterol transfer.
[]
The combined presence of BMP and hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., acid sphingomyelinase) might have an important effect on cholesterol transfer.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
5
DISCUSSION
1
78
[ "bib39", "bib54", "bib58", "bib59", "bib29", "bib29", "bib3", "bib22", "bib29", "bib30", "bib78" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-11104761|pmid-11278374|pmid-10942779|pmid-17552909|pmid-17552909|pmid-12694561|pmid-18823126|pmid-17552909|pmid-16606609|NA
For instance, exogenously added sphingomeylinase reduced accumulation of both SM and cholesterol in cultured fibroblasts of NPC patients (78), which supports the notion above.
[ "39", "54", "58", "59", "29", "29", "3", "22", "29", "30", "78" ]
175
38,932
1
false
For instance, exogenously added sphingomeylinase reduced accumulation of both SM and cholesterol in cultured fibroblasts of NPC patients, which supports the notion above.
[ "78" ]
For instance, exogenously added sphingomeylinase reduced accumulation of both SM and cholesterol in cultured fibroblasts of NPC patients, which supports the notion above.
true
true
true
true
true
6,701
6
DISCUSSION
1
79
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
The high accumulation of cholesterol in SM storage diseases, such as Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, has been reported to be secondary to SM accumulation (79).
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
162
38,933
1
false
The high accumulation of cholesterol in SM storage diseases, such as Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, has been reported to be secondary to SM accumulation.
[ "79" ]
The high accumulation of cholesterol in SM storage diseases, such as Niemann-Pick disease type A and B, has been reported to be secondary to SM accumulation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,702
6
DISCUSSION
1
79
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
As seen in Fig.
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
15
38,934
0
false
As seen in Fig.
[]
As seen in Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,702
6
DISCUSSION
1
79
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
5A, the inclusion of increasing amounts of SM into the vesicles inhibited cholesterol transfer nearly completely.
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
113
38,935
0
false
5A, the inclusion of increasing amounts of SM into the vesicles inhibited cholesterol transfer nearly completely.
[]
5A, the inclusion of increasing amounts of SM into the vesicles inhibited cholesterol transfer nearly completely.
false
false
true
true
false
6,702
6
DISCUSSION
1
79
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
This finding is attributed to the high affinity of cholesterol to SM-rich membranes (60, 61).
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
93
38,936
0
false
This finding is attributed to the high affinity of cholesterol to SM-rich membranes.
[ "60, 61" ]
This finding is attributed to the high affinity of cholesterol to SM-rich membranes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,702
6
DISCUSSION
1
79
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
SM interacts with cholesterol by forming hydrogen bonds between the OH-group of cholesterol and the amide group of SM (40, 41), thereby keeping cholesterol in the membrane (42, 43).
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
181
38,937
0
false
SM interacts with cholesterol by forming hydrogen bonds between the OH-group of cholesterol and the amide group of SM, thereby keeping cholesterol in the membrane.
[ "40, 41", "42, 43" ]
SM interacts with cholesterol by forming hydrogen bonds between the OH-group of cholesterol and the amide group of SM, thereby keeping cholesterol in the membrane.
true
true
true
true
true
6,702
6
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib79", "bib60", "bib61", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib43", "bib29" ]
20,179,319
NA|pmid-3390137|pmid-2790049|pmid-16920840|pmid-1868053|pmid-9891780|pmid-9177342|pmid-17552909
The inhibitory activity of SM on cholesterol transfer by NPC2 is more pronounced at pH 5.0 than at pH 4.2 (29).
[ "79", "60", "61", "40", "41", "42", "43", "29" ]
111
38,938
1
false
The inhibitory activity of SM on cholesterol transfer by NPC2 is more pronounced at pH 5.0 than at pH 4.2.
[ "29" ]
The inhibitory activity of SM on cholesterol transfer by NPC2 is more pronounced at pH 5.0 than at pH 4.2.
true
true
true
true
true
6,702
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
At an optimum pH of 5.5 (39) membrane-stabilizing SM may be degraded to ceramide efficiently by acid sphingomyelinase in the intraendosomal membranes of late endosomes (Fig.
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
173
38,939
1
false
At an optimum pH of 5.5 membrane-stabilizing SM may be degraded to ceramide efficiently by acid sphingomyelinase in the intraendosomal membranes of late endosomes (Fig.
[ "39" ]
At an optimum pH of 5.5 membrane-stabilizing SM may be degraded to ceramide efficiently by acid sphingomyelinase in the intraendosomal membranes of late endosomes (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
This may stimulate the transport of cholesterol within late endosomes.
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
70
38,940
0
false
This may stimulate the transport of cholesterol within late endosomes.
[]
This may stimulate the transport of cholesterol within late endosomes.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
Indeed, as illustrated in Fig.
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
30
38,941
0
false
Indeed, as illustrated in Fig.
[]
Indeed, as illustrated in Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
5B, removal of SM greatly stimulated cholesterol transfer in the presence of BMP (arrow).
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
89
38,942
0
false
5B, removal of SM greatly stimulated cholesterol transfer in the presence of BMP (arrow).
[]
5B, removal of SM greatly stimulated cholesterol transfer in the presence of BMP (arrow).
false
false
true
true
false
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
This shows the important function of acid sphingomyelinase in preventing lipid traffic jam in the presence of BMP in the late endosomal compartments.
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
149
38,943
0
false
This shows the important function of acid sphingomyelinase in preventing lipid traffic jam in the presence of BMP in the late endosomal compartments.
[]
This shows the important function of acid sphingomyelinase in preventing lipid traffic jam in the presence of BMP in the late endosomal compartments.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
80
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
This is also corroborated by the observation that Hsp 70 stimulates the activity of acid sphingomeylinase and thus the degradation of SM (80).
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
142
38,944
1
false
This is also corroborated by the observation that Hsp 70 stimulates the activity of acid sphingomeylinase and thus the degradation of SM.
[ "80" ]
This is also corroborated by the observation that Hsp 70 stimulates the activity of acid sphingomeylinase and thus the degradation of SM.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
7
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib80", "bib44", "bib62", "bib63" ]
20,179,319
pmid-11308026|pmid-20111001|pmid-14699154|pmid-16129675|pmid-16126159
The generation of ceramide in the presence of BMP facilitates the exit of cholesterol from late endosomal compartments, by acting as a cholesterol-competitor, thereby displacing cholesterol from the bilayers (44, 62, 63).
[ "39", "80", "44", "62", "63" ]
221
38,945
0
false
The generation of ceramide in the presence of BMP facilitates the exit of cholesterol from late endosomal compartments, by acting as a cholesterol-competitor, thereby displacing cholesterol from the bilayers.
[ "44, 62, 63" ]
The generation of ceramide in the presence of BMP facilitates the exit of cholesterol from late endosomal compartments, by acting as a cholesterol-competitor, thereby displacing cholesterol from the bilayers.
true
true
true
true
true
6,703
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
The reported loss of fluorescence in our earlier transfer assay (29) was thought to have arisen from either i) the transfer or quenching of the fluorescence probe NBD-PE or the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel; or ii) the fusion of the donor and acceptor vesicles.
[ "29" ]
300
38,946
1
false
The reported loss of fluorescence in our earlier transfer assay was thought to have arisen from either i) the transfer or quenching of the fluorescence probe NBD-PE or the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel; or ii) the fusion of the donor and acceptor vesicles.
[ "29" ]
The reported loss of fluorescence in our earlier transfer assay was thought to have arisen from either i) the transfer or quenching of the fluorescence probe NBD-PE or the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel; or ii) the fusion of the donor and acceptor vesicles.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
We made a significant change in our transfer assay to assess the source of the loss of fluorescence by using a donor-to-acceptor liposome ratio of 1:1.
[ "29" ]
151
38,947
0
false
We made a significant change in our transfer assay to assess the source of the loss of fluorescence by using a donor-to-acceptor liposome ratio of 1:1.
[]
We made a significant change in our transfer assay to assess the source of the loss of fluorescence by using a donor-to-acceptor liposome ratio of 1:1.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
Assuming an even distribution of NBD-PE in liposomes, a significant extent of fluorescence self-quenching at 4 mol% is not very likely.
[ "29" ]
135
38,948
0
false
Assuming an even distribution of NBD-PE in liposomes, a significant extent of fluorescence self-quenching at 4 mol% is not very likely.
[]
Assuming an even distribution of NBD-PE in liposomes, a significant extent of fluorescence self-quenching at 4 mol% is not very likely.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
Also the inverse experiment (fluorescence NBD-PE in the donor vesicles and radiolabeled PC in the acceptor liposomes) leads to the same loss of radioactivity as previously of fluorescence, which again argues against self-quenching and a reduction of the NBD group.
[ "29" ]
264
38,949
0
false
Also the inverse experiment (fluorescence NBD-PE in the donor vesicles and radiolabeled PC in the acceptor liposomes) leads to the same loss of radioactivity as previously of fluorescence, which again argues against self-quenching and a reduction of the NBD group.
[]
Also the inverse experiment (fluorescence NBD-PE in the donor vesicles and radiolabeled PC in the acceptor liposomes) leads to the same loss of radioactivity as previously of fluorescence, which again argues against self-quenching and a reduction of the NBD group.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
We also checked the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel.
[ "29" ]
89
38,950
0
false
We also checked the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel.
[]
We also checked the possibility of liposome adherence to the wall of the reaction vessel.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
For this we used the inverse experiment and measured radioactivity in the absence and presence of NPC2 remaining in the assay volume.
[ "29" ]
133
38,951
0
false
For this we used the inverse experiment and measured radioactivity in the absence and presence of NPC2 remaining in the assay volume.
[]
For this we used the inverse experiment and measured radioactivity in the absence and presence of NPC2 remaining in the assay volume.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
The loss of radioactivity observed after 10 min, the incubation time in transfer/fusion assays, was less than 3% of the total radioactivity applied and was within the error of measurement.
[ "29" ]
188
38,952
0
false
The loss of radioactivity observed after 10 min, the incubation time in transfer/fusion assays, was less than 3% of the total radioactivity applied and was within the error of measurement.
[]
The loss of radioactivity observed after 10 min, the incubation time in transfer/fusion assays, was less than 3% of the total radioactivity applied and was within the error of measurement.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
We conclude, beyond any doubt, that the loss of fluorescence was due to membrane fusion.
[ "29" ]
88
38,953
0
false
We conclude, beyond any doubt, that the loss of fluorescence was due to membrane fusion.
[]
We conclude, beyond any doubt, that the loss of fluorescence was due to membrane fusion.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
However, in transfer experiments at pH 5.0 using a 1:5 ratio of donor-to-acceptor liposomes (Figs.
[ "29" ]
98
38,954
0
false
However, in transfer experiments at pH 5.0 using a 1:5 ratio of donor-to-acceptor liposomes (Figs.
[]
However, in transfer experiments at pH 5.0 using a 1:5 ratio of donor-to-acceptor liposomes (Figs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,704
8
DISCUSSION
1
29
[ "bib29" ]
20,179,319
pmid-17552909
2–6), the rate of fusion did not exceed 1%–3% and 5%–9% of the transfer rate after 10 min in the absence or presence of BMP, respectively.
[ "29" ]
138
38,955
0
false
2–6), the rate of fusion did not exceed 1%–3% and 5%–9% of the transfer rate after 10 min in the absence or presence of BMP, respectively.
[]
2–6), the rate of fusion did not exceed 1%–3% and 5%–9% of the transfer rate after 10 min in the absence or presence of BMP, respectively.
false
false
true
true
false
6,704
9
DISCUSSION
1
66
[ "bib66", "bib69", "bib81", "bib82" ]
20,179,319
pmid-15652344|pmid-9972880|pmid-15047193|pmid-16256068
The extent to which bovine NPC2 and membrane lipids mediate membrane fusion was investigated using the newly designed fusion assay, which is based on the use of streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads as described in “Materials and Methods.”
[ "66", "69", "81", "82" ]
240
38,956
0
false
The extent to which bovine NPC2 and membrane lipids mediate membrane fusion was investigated using the newly designed fusion assay, which is based on the use of streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads as described in “Materials and Methods.”
[]
The extent to which bovine NPC2 and membrane lipids mediate membrane fusion was investigated using the newly designed fusion assay, which is based on the use of streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads as described in “Materials and Methods.”
true
true
false
true
false
6,705
9
DISCUSSION
1
66
[ "bib66", "bib69", "bib81", "bib82" ]
20,179,319
pmid-15652344|pmid-9972880|pmid-15047193|pmid-16256068
Owing to its fusogenic property, Sap C (66–69) was used as a control in our fusion assays.
[ "66", "69", "81", "82" ]
90
38,957
0
false
Owing to its fusogenic property, Sap C was used as a control in our fusion assays.
[ "66–69" ]
Owing to its fusogenic property, Sap C was used as a control in our fusion assays.
true
true
true
true
true
6,705
9
DISCUSSION
1
66
[ "bib66", "bib69", "bib81", "bib82" ]
20,179,319
pmid-15652344|pmid-9972880|pmid-15047193|pmid-16256068
Our results showed (Fig.
[ "66", "69", "81", "82" ]
24
38,958
0
false
Our results showed (Fig.
[]
Our results showed (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
6,705
9
DISCUSSION
1
66
[ "bib66", "bib69", "bib81", "bib82" ]
20,179,319
pmid-15652344|pmid-9972880|pmid-15047193|pmid-16256068
8B) that bNPC2 also catalyzes membrane fusion both in the absence and presence of BMP, although significantly less so than Sap C. The fusogenic property of Sap C has been attributed to the lysine residues, which are located at positions 13 and 17 of the amino acid sequence of the protein (81, 82), A similar mechanism m...
[ "66", "69", "81", "82" ]
456
38,959
0
false
8B) that bNPC2 also catalyzes membrane fusion both in the absence and presence of BMP, although significantly less so than Sap C. The fusogenic property of Sap C has been attributed to the lysine residues, which are located at positions 13 and 17 of the amino acid sequence of the protein, A similar mechanism may also b...
[ "81, 82" ]
8B) that bNPC2 also catalyzes membrane fusion both in the absence and presence of BMP, although significantly less so than Sap C. The fusogenic property of Sap C has been attributed to the lysine residues, which are located at positions 13 and 17 of the amino acid sequence of the protein, A similar mechanism may also b...
false
false
true
true
false
6,705
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Lactic acidosis is one of the metabolic acidoses with increased anion gap.
[ "1", "2" ]
74
38,960
0
false
Lactic acidosis is one of the metabolic acidoses with increased anion gap.
[]
Lactic acidosis is one of the metabolic acidoses with increased anion gap.
true
true
true
true
true
6,706
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Lactic acidosis is defined as pH ≤ 7.35 and plasma lactate concentration ≥ 5 meq/L.1
[ "1", "2" ]
84
38,961
0
false
Lactic acidosis is defined as pH ≤ 7.35 and plasma lactate concentration ≥ 5 meq/L.1
[]
Lactic acidosis is defined as pH ≤ 7.35 and plasma lactate concentration ≥ 5 meq/L.1
true
true
false
true
false
6,706
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
There are two types of lactic acidosis.
[ "1", "2" ]
39
38,962
0
false
There are two types of lactic acidosis.
[]
There are two types of lactic acidosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,706
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Type B occurs in malignancy, diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic failure, severe infection, and drugs, whereas type A is caused by apparent tissue ischemia, as in shock, severe anemia, mitochondrial enzyme defects, and inhibitors such as carbon monoxide and cyanide.2 Lactic acidosis is a rare and often overlooked condi...
[ "1", "2" ]
423
38,963
0
false
Type B occurs in malignancy, diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic failure, severe infection, and drugs, whereas type A is caused by apparent tissue ischemia, as in shock, severe anemia, mitochondrial enzyme defects, and inhibitors such as carbon monoxide and cyanide.2 Lactic acidosis is a rare and often overlooked condi...
[]
Type B occurs in malignancy, diabetes mellitus, renal or hepatic failure, severe infection, and drugs, whereas type A is caused by apparent tissue ischemia, as in shock, severe anemia, mitochondrial enzyme defects, and inhibitors such as carbon monoxide and cyanide.2 Lactic acidosis is a rare and often overlooked condi...
true
true
true
true
true
6,706
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
We report a case of a 39-year-old man with recurred leukemia who presented with lactic acidosis.
[ "1", "2" ]
96
38,964
0
false
We report a case of a 39-year-old man with recurred leukemia who presented with lactic acidosis.
[]
We report a case of a 39-year-old man with recurred leukemia who presented with lactic acidosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,706
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Lactic acid is a degradation product of glucose in anaerobic conditions.
[ "3" ]
72
38,965
0
false
Lactic acid is a degradation product of glucose in anaerobic conditions.
[]
Lactic acid is a degradation product of glucose in anaerobic conditions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,707
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) to form energy in the Krebs cycle in aerobic conditions.
[ "3" ]
122
38,966
0
false
After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) to form energy in the Krebs cycle in aerobic conditions.
[]
After glycolysis, pyruvate is converted to acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) to form energy in the Krebs cycle in aerobic conditions.
true
true
true
true
true
6,707
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
However, in anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
[ "3" ]
67
38,967
0
false
However, in anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
[]
However, in anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate.
true
true
true
true
true
6,707
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Lactate is normally formed in skeletal muscle, red blood cells, and the brain, and its amount is usually less than 1,500 mmol/day.
[ "3" ]
130
38,968
0
false
Lactate is normally formed in skeletal muscle, red blood cells, and the brain, and its amount is usually less than 1,500 mmol/day.
[]
Lactate is normally formed in skeletal muscle, red blood cells, and the brain, and its amount is usually less than 1,500 mmol/day.
true
true
true
true
true
6,707
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
It is metabolized to form water and carbon dioxide in liver and kidneys.
[ "3" ]
72
38,969
0
false
It is metabolized to form water and carbon dioxide in liver and kidneys.
[]
It is metabolized to form water and carbon dioxide in liver and kidneys.
true
true
true
true
true
6,707
0
DISCUSSION
1
3
[ "B3" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|NA|NA
Lactic acidosis results from an imbalance of formation and degradation of lactic acid.3
[ "3" ]
87
38,970
0
false
Lactic acidosis results from an imbalance of formation and degradation of lactic acid.3
[]
Lactic acidosis results from an imbalance of formation and degradation of lactic acid.3
true
true
false
true
false
6,707
1
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
20,376,904
pmid-14074652|NA|NA
More frequent causes of lactic acidosis in patients with malignancy are heart failure, sepsis, and decreased effective circulating volume, and these result in type A lactic acidosis.
[ "4", "5", "6" ]
182
38,971
0
false
More frequent causes of lactic acidosis in patients with malignancy are heart failure, sepsis, and decreased effective circulating volume, and these result in type A lactic acidosis.
[]
More frequent causes of lactic acidosis in patients with malignancy are heart failure, sepsis, and decreased effective circulating volume, and these result in type A lactic acidosis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,708
1
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
20,376,904
pmid-14074652|NA|NA
Type B lactic acidosis in malignancy was first reported in 1963, in an acute leukemia patient.4
[ "4", "5", "6" ]
95
38,972
0
false
Type B lactic acidosis in malignancy was first reported in 1963, in an acute leukemia patient.4
[]
Type B lactic acidosis in malignancy was first reported in 1963, in an acute leukemia patient.4
true
true
false
true
false
6,708
1
DISCUSSION
1
4
[ "B4", "B5", "B6" ]
20,376,904
pmid-14074652|NA|NA
In Korea, a case of lactic acidosis in a patient with leukemia transformed from lymphoma was reported in 1999,5 and a case of lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency was reported in 2007.6
[ "4", "5", "6" ]
191
38,973
0
false
In Korea, a case of lactic acidosis in a patient with leukemia transformed from lymphoma was reported in 1999,5 and a case of lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency was reported in 2007.6
[]
In Korea, a case of lactic acidosis in a patient with leukemia transformed from lymphoma was reported in 1999,5 and a case of lactic acidosis due to thiamine deficiency was reported in 2007.6
true
true
false
true
false
6,708
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
The present case did not have any signs of infection, hypoxia, or circulatory failure.
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
86
38,974
0
false
The present case did not have any signs of infection, hypoxia, or circulatory failure.
[]
The present case did not have any signs of infection, hypoxia, or circulatory failure.
true
true
true
true
true
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
The mechanism of type B lactic acidosis in malignancy is unidentified, but it may be caused by tumor microembolism, increased glycolysis, and decreased gluconeogenesis by abnormal tumor metabolism, or decreased degradation of lactic acid because of extensive liver involvement.
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
277
38,975
0
false
The mechanism of type B lactic acidosis in malignancy is unidentified, but it may be caused by tumor microembolism, increased glycolysis, and decreased gluconeogenesis by abnormal tumor metabolism, or decreased degradation of lactic acid because of extensive liver involvement.
[]
The mechanism of type B lactic acidosis in malignancy is unidentified, but it may be caused by tumor microembolism, increased glycolysis, and decreased gluconeogenesis by abnormal tumor metabolism, or decreased degradation of lactic acid because of extensive liver involvement.
true
true
true
true
true
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
Tumor necrosis factor-α is thought to play a role by reducing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.7
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
141
38,976
0
false
Tumor necrosis factor-α is thought to play a role by reducing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.7
[]
Tumor necrosis factor-α is thought to play a role by reducing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.7
true
true
false
true
false
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
It also inhibits the cytochrome-dependent electron transport system and increases anaerobic glycolysis.7
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
104
38,977
0
false
It also inhibits the cytochrome-dependent electron transport system and increases anaerobic glycolysis.7
[]
It also inhibits the cytochrome-dependent electron transport system and increases anaerobic glycolysis.7
true
true
false
true
false
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
Lactic acid is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidneys.
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
59
38,978
0
false
Lactic acid is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidneys.
[]
Lactic acid is metabolized mainly in the liver and kidneys.
true
true
true
true
true
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
The liver contributes to 90% of lactate metabolism and is frequently involved in patients with lactic acidosis.8-10 In the present case, there was no evidence of liver involvement.
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
180
38,979
0
false
The liver contributes to 90% of lactate metabolism and is frequently involved in patients with lactic acidosis.8-10 In the present case, there was no evidence of liver involvement.
[]
The liver contributes to 90% of lactate metabolism and is frequently involved in patients with lactic acidosis.8-10 In the present case, there was no evidence of liver involvement.
true
true
true
true
true
6,709
2
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "B7", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11" ]
20,376,904
pmid-17632264|pmid-17632264|pmid-4522886|pmid-4906508|pmid-11251027
Thiamine deficiency is also known to be a cause of lactic acidosis,11 but this patient was refractory to thiamine replacement.
[ "7", "7", "8", "10", "11" ]
126
38,980
0
false
Thiamine deficiency is also known to be a cause of lactic acidosis,11 but this patient was refractory to thiamine replacement.
[]
Thiamine deficiency is also known to be a cause of lactic acidosis,11 but this patient was refractory to thiamine replacement.
true
true
true
true
true
6,709
3
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B1" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|pmid-11745277
Treatment of the primary condition, such as chemotherapy in malignancy, remains the mainstay of treatment.1 Treatment with renal replacement therapy is controversial.
[ "1", "1" ]
166
38,981
0
false
Treatment of the primary condition, such as chemotherapy in malignancy, remains the mainstay of treatment.1 Treatment with renal replacement therapy is controversial.
[]
Treatment of the primary condition, such as chemotherapy in malignancy, remains the mainstay of treatment.1 Treatment with renal replacement therapy is controversial.
true
true
true
true
true
6,710
3
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B1" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|pmid-11745277
In 2001, Sillos, et al.1 reported a case of lactic acidosis in an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
[ "1", "1" ]
117
38,982
0
false
In 2001, Sillos, et al.1 reported a case of lactic acidosis in an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
[]
In 2001, Sillos, et al.1 reported a case of lactic acidosis in an 11-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
true
true
true
true
true
6,710
3
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B1" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|pmid-11745277
Blood pH improved rapidly after continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, but her plasma lactate concentration continued to increase.
[ "1", "1" ]
130
38,983
0
false
Blood pH improved rapidly after continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, but her plasma lactate concentration continued to increase.
[]
Blood pH improved rapidly after continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, but her plasma lactate concentration continued to increase.
true
true
true
true
true
6,710
3
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "B1", "B1" ]
20,376,904
pmid-11745277|pmid-11745277
It decreased after chemotherapy began to take effect.
[ "1", "1" ]
53
38,984
0
false
It decreased after chemotherapy began to take effect.
[]
It decreased after chemotherapy began to take effect.
true
true
true
true
true
6,710
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,376,904
null
In patients with metabolic acidosis of unknown origin, lactic acidosis should be considered.
null
92
38,985
0
false
null
null
In patients with metabolic acidosis of unknown origin, lactic acidosis should be considered.
true
true
true
true
true
6,711
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,376,904
null
Serum lactic acid levels should be checked in cases of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap.
null
99
38,986
0
false
null
null
Serum lactic acid levels should be checked in cases of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap.
true
true
true
true
true
6,711
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,376,904
null
Leukemia usually presents as a fever, infection, and bleeding tendency, with lactic acidosis as a rare presentation.
null
116
38,987
0
false
null
null
Leukemia usually presents as a fever, infection, and bleeding tendency, with lactic acidosis as a rare presentation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,711
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,376,904
null
Physicians should be aware of lactic acidosis in recurring or advanced malignancy, and treatment of the underlying disease should be performed immediately.
null
155
38,988
0
false
null
null
Physicians should be aware of lactic acidosis in recurring or advanced malignancy, and treatment of the underlying disease should be performed immediately.
true
true
true
true
true
6,711
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,793,537
null
Embryonated egg inoculation is commonly used to amplify avian RNA viruses.
null
74
38,989
0
false
null
null
Embryonated egg inoculation is commonly used to amplify avian RNA viruses.
true
true
true
true
true
6,712
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,793,537
null
Successful viral replication mainly depends upon viral adaption to and replication in the cells of the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
null
140
38,990
0
false
null
null
Successful viral replication mainly depends upon viral adaption to and replication in the cells of the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.
true
true
true
true
true
6,712
0
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
19,793,537
null
Growth retardation and malformation of the embryo are the main indicators of viral reproduction in this system and signal the proper period for harvesting the amplified virions from the amniotic or chorioallantoic fluids.
null
221
38,991
0
false
null
null
Growth retardation and malformation of the embryo are the main indicators of viral reproduction in this system and signal the proper period for harvesting the amplified virions from the amniotic or chorioallantoic fluids.
true
true
true
true
true
6,712
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "R5", "R6", "R17", "R31", "R20", "R26", "R11", "R19" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
The low efficiency of viral amplification may prevent etiology determinations, intensive surveillance of epidemiology and the tracing of potential natural domestic hosts for viral pathogens during an outbreak.
[ "5", "6", "17", "31", "20", "26", "11", "19" ]
209
38,992
0
false
The low efficiency of viral amplification may prevent etiology determinations, intensive surveillance of epidemiology and the tracing of potential natural domestic hosts for viral pathogens during an outbreak.
[]
The low efficiency of viral amplification may prevent etiology determinations, intensive surveillance of epidemiology and the tracing of potential natural domestic hosts for viral pathogens during an outbreak.
true
true
true
true
true
6,713
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "R5", "R6", "R17", "R31", "R20", "R26", "R11", "R19" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
For instance, avian metapneumovirus (MPV), which primarily attacks the respiratory tract, replicates inefficiently in embryonic eggs.
[ "5", "6", "17", "31", "20", "26", "11", "19" ]
133
38,993
0
false
For instance, avian metapneumovirus (MPV), which primarily attacks the respiratory tract, replicates inefficiently in embryonic eggs.
[]
For instance, avian metapneumovirus (MPV), which primarily attacks the respiratory tract, replicates inefficiently in embryonic eggs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,713
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "R5", "R6", "R17", "R31", "R20", "R26", "R11", "R19" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
Diagnosis of MPV infection is mainly dependent on the detection of viral RNA or viral antigens, but not viral isolation [5, 6].
[ "5", "6", "17", "31", "20", "26", "11", "19" ]
127
38,994
0
false
Diagnosis of MPV infection is mainly dependent on the detection of viral RNA or viral antigens, but not viral isolation.
[ "5, 6" ]
Diagnosis of MPV infection is mainly dependent on the detection of viral RNA or viral antigens, but not viral isolation.
true
true
true
true
true
6,713
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "R5", "R6", "R17", "R31", "R20", "R26", "R11", "R19" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
In addition, to investigate the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AIV) requires efficient and sensitive viral detection and amplification system for comprehensive collection of the viruses from waterfowl and migratory birds [17, 31].
[ "5", "6", "17", "31", "20", "26", "11", "19" ]
240
38,995
0
false
In addition, to investigate the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AIV) requires efficient and sensitive viral detection and amplification system for comprehensive collection of the viruses from waterfowl and migratory birds.
[ "17, 31" ]
In addition, to investigate the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AIV) requires efficient and sensitive viral detection and amplification system for comprehensive collection of the viruses from waterfowl and migratory birds.
true
true
true
true
true
6,713
1
INTRODUCTION
1
5
[ "R5", "R6", "R17", "R31", "R20", "R26", "R11", "R19" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
However, the wild-bird isolated AIV are usually mildly or non-pathogenic to chicken embryos [20, 26] and the efficiency of viral isolation is often unsatisfactory in embryonated eggs [11, 19].
[ "5", "6", "17", "31", "20", "26", "11", "19" ]
192
38,996
0
false
However, the wild-bird isolated AIV are usually mildly or non-pathogenic to chicken embryos and the efficiency of viral isolation is often unsatisfactory in embryonated eggs.
[ "20, 26", "11, 19" ]
However, the wild-bird isolated AIV are usually mildly or non-pathogenic to chicken embryos and the efficiency of viral isolation is often unsatisfactory in embryonated eggs.
true
true
true
true
true
6,713
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
It has been shown that serial passage using chicken embryos enforces the selection of adapted viruses and inevitably alters the genetic codes of the primary viral isolates, especially for genes involved in cell adsorption and viral replication [8, 9].
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
251
38,997
0
false
It has been shown that serial passage using chicken embryos enforces the selection of adapted viruses and inevitably alters the genetic codes of the primary viral isolates, especially for genes involved in cell adsorption and viral replication.
[ "8, 9" ]
It has been shown that serial passage using chicken embryos enforces the selection of adapted viruses and inevitably alters the genetic codes of the primary viral isolates, especially for genes involved in cell adsorption and viral replication.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
The environment of the viral replication may also selectively modify the original cell tropism and pathogenesis of the isolated virus [15, 25].
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
143
38,998
0
false
The environment of the viral replication may also selectively modify the original cell tropism and pathogenesis of the isolated virus.
[ "15, 25" ]
The environment of the viral replication may also selectively modify the original cell tropism and pathogenesis of the isolated virus.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
2
INTRODUCTION
1
7
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
It has been shown that a serially embryo-passaged of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) M41 strain exhibited significantly attenuated pathogenesis within the oviduct compared to the parental strain [7].
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
203
38,999
1
false
It has been shown that a serially embryo-passaged of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) M41 strain exhibited significantly attenuated pathogenesis within the oviduct compared to the parental strain.
[ "7" ]
It has been shown that a serially embryo-passaged of infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV) M41 strain exhibited significantly attenuated pathogenesis within the oviduct compared to the parental strain.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
In addition, egg-mediated epitope alterations in amplified isolates might attenuate the protective efficiency of these viruses when used to vaccinate against the challenge of a wild-type virulent strain [16, 24].
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
212
39,000
0
false
In addition, egg-mediated epitope alterations in amplified isolates might attenuate the protective efficiency of these viruses when used to vaccinate against the challenge of a wild-type virulent strain.
[ "16, 24" ]
In addition, egg-mediated epitope alterations in amplified isolates might attenuate the protective efficiency of these viruses when used to vaccinate against the challenge of a wild-type virulent strain.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
For instance, after egg adaption, human influenza A virus, originally showing α2-6 sialic acid tropism only, exhibits increased hemagglutinin (HA) binding affinity to α2-3 sialic acid-containing gangliosides due to amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor binding site of the HA protein [8, 15].
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
311
39,001
0
false
For instance, after egg adaption, human influenza A virus, originally showing α2-6 sialic acid tropism only, exhibits increased hemagglutinin (HA) binding affinity to α2-3 sialic acid-containing gangliosides due to amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor binding site of the HA protein.
[ "8, 15" ]
For instance, after egg adaption, human influenza A virus, originally showing α2-6 sialic acid tropism only, exhibits increased hemagglutinin (HA) binding affinity to α2-3 sialic acid-containing gangliosides due to amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the receptor binding site of the HA protein.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
2
INTRODUCTION
1
8
[ "R8", "R9", "R15", "R25", "R7", "R16", "R24", "R8", "R15" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10366560|pmid-8116258|pmid-9060710|pmid-9101471|pmid-4565461|pmid-7609057|pmid-15332284|pmid-10366560|pmid-9060710|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-18645889|pmid-2545316|pmid-18483939
For primary viral isolates, providing natural host cells for replication might eliminate the selection pressure of an exotic growth environment and avert the alteration of cell tropism and consequent genomic mutations.
[ "8", "9", "15", "25", "7", "16", "24", "8", "15" ]
218
39,002
0
false
For primary viral isolates, providing natural host cells for replication might eliminate the selection pressure of an exotic growth environment and avert the alteration of cell tropism and consequent genomic mutations.
[]
For primary viral isolates, providing natural host cells for replication might eliminate the selection pressure of an exotic growth environment and avert the alteration of cell tropism and consequent genomic mutations.
true
true
true
true
true
6,714
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
Recently, a study reported a primary culture system for tracheal epithelial cells from an embryonic day (E) 17 chick embryo, in which dissociated culture cells exhibited ciliary movement and were positive for the expression of pan-cytokeratin [33].
[ "33" ]
248
39,003
1
false
Recently, a study reported a primary culture system for tracheal epithelial cells from an embryonic day (E) 17 chick embryo, in which dissociated culture cells exhibited ciliary movement and were positive for the expression of pan-cytokeratin.
[ "33" ]
Recently, a study reported a primary culture system for tracheal epithelial cells from an embryonic day (E) 17 chick embryo, in which dissociated culture cells exhibited ciliary movement and were positive for the expression of pan-cytokeratin.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
In addition, the global profile of mRNA expression in the cultured cells showed that cytokeratin 14 (K14), a basal cell marker, was highly expressed.
[ "33" ]
149
39,004
0
false
In addition, the global profile of mRNA expression in the cultured cells showed that cytokeratin 14 (K14), a basal cell marker, was highly expressed.
[]
In addition, the global profile of mRNA expression in the cultured cells showed that cytokeratin 14 (K14), a basal cell marker, was highly expressed.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
However, the protein expression of cell-type specific markers and the existence of mucin-secreting goblet cell are not well-characterized.
[ "33" ]
138
39,005
0
false
However, the protein expression of cell-type specific markers and the existence of mucin-secreting goblet cell are not well-characterized.
[]
However, the protein expression of cell-type specific markers and the existence of mucin-secreting goblet cell are not well-characterized.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
In this study, we developed a novel culture system to isolate, amplify and passage chicken tracheal epithelial cells in an efficient manner.
[ "33" ]
140
39,006
0
false
In this study, we developed a novel culture system to isolate, amplify and passage chicken tracheal epithelial cells in an efficient manner.
[]
In this study, we developed a novel culture system to isolate, amplify and passage chicken tracheal epithelial cells in an efficient manner.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
The avian tracheal epithelial (ATE) cell types were identified using immunocytostaining, and the ratio of cell types is statistically illustrated.
[ "33" ]
146
39,007
0
false
The avian tracheal epithelial (ATE) cell types were identified using immunocytostaining, and the ratio of cell types is statistically illustrated.
[]
The avian tracheal epithelial (ATE) cell types were identified using immunocytostaining, and the ratio of cell types is statistically illustrated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
We further demonstrate that primary ATE cells support IBV replication.
[ "33" ]
70
39,008
0
false
We further demonstrate that primary ATE cells support IBV replication.
[]
We further demonstrate that primary ATE cells support IBV replication.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
3
INTRODUCTION
1
33
[ "R33" ]
19,793,537
pmid-18202946|pmid-17461266|pmid-16603523|pmid-16537586
The susceptible cell types and the effect of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on IBV attachment to ATE cells was also investigated.
[ "33" ]
122
39,009
0
false
The susceptible cell types and the effect of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on IBV attachment to ATE cells was also investigated.
[]
The susceptible cell types and the effect of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) on IBV attachment to ATE cells was also investigated.
true
true
true
true
true
6,715
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,793,537
null
In this study, we showed that primary ATE cells exhibit the same cell composition as tracheal epithelia and can be passaged and amplified in a convenient and efficient way.
null
172
39,010
0
false
null
null
In this study, we showed that primary ATE cells exhibit the same cell composition as tracheal epithelia and can be passaged and amplified in a convenient and efficient way.
true
true
true
true
true
6,716
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
19,793,537
null
These cells support IBV viral replication and viral release, providing an ideal system to amplify respiratory viruses and characterize their pathogenesis.
null
154
39,011
0
false
null
null
These cells support IBV viral replication and viral release, providing an ideal system to amplify respiratory viruses and characterize their pathogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
6,716
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "R1", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R12", "R13", "R22" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
In studies of tracheal infection, ciliated cells and goblet cells have been shown to be the major target cells of IBV [1, 22].
[ "1", "22", "3", "22", "3", "22", "12", "13", "22" ]
126
39,012
0
false
In studies of tracheal infection, ciliated cells and goblet cells have been shown to be the major target cells of IBV.
[ "1, 22" ]
In studies of tracheal infection, ciliated cells and goblet cells have been shown to be the major target cells of IBV.
true
true
true
true
true
6,717
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "R1", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R12", "R13", "R22" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
Our results with primary ATE cells also showed that IBV viral protein can be detected in both ciliated cells and goblet cells.
[ "1", "22", "3", "22", "3", "22", "12", "13", "22" ]
126
39,013
0
false
Our results with primary ATE cells also showed that IBV viral protein can be detected in both ciliated cells and goblet cells.
[]
Our results with primary ATE cells also showed that IBV viral protein can be detected in both ciliated cells and goblet cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,717
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "R1", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R12", "R13", "R22" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
This cell tropism may account for the pathogenesis of IBV, such as the ciliostasis in observed IBV-infected TOC and the reduction of sialic acid secretion [3, 22].
[ "1", "22", "3", "22", "3", "22", "12", "13", "22" ]
163
39,014
0
false
This cell tropism may account for the pathogenesis of IBV, such as the ciliostasis in observed IBV-infected TOC and the reduction of sialic acid secretion.
[ "3, 22" ]
This cell tropism may account for the pathogenesis of IBV, such as the ciliostasis in observed IBV-infected TOC and the reduction of sialic acid secretion.
true
true
true
true
true
6,717
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "R1", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R3", "R22", "R12", "R13", "R22" ]
19,793,537
pmid-10985803|pmid-12396356|pmid-17997603|pmid-15280485|pmid-3232319|pmid-1827578|pmid-3015104|pmid-3685630|pmid-19156578|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-17296157|pmid-18483939|pmid-14742263|NA|pmid-18483939
In addition, we are the first to demonstrate that IBV does not appear to infect K14-positive basal cells.
[ "1", "22", "3", "22", "3", "22", "12", "13", "22" ]
105
39,015
0
false
In addition, we are the first to demonstrate that IBV does not appear to infect K14-positive basal cells.
[]
In addition, we are the first to demonstrate that IBV does not appear to infect K14-positive basal cells.
true
true
true
true
true
6,717