Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,808,590
null
However, further study on the two surgical procedures, such as a long term follow-up and a comparison, is needed.
null
113
43,919
0
false
null
null
However, further study on the two surgical procedures, such as a long term follow-up and a comparison, is needed.
true
true
true
true
true
7,592
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Intractable neuropathic pain often results from peripheral nerve injury or abnormal changes in the central nervous system caused by trauma, surgery, compression injuries, infection, metabolic diseases, ischemic or vascular diseases, immune diseases, or toxins [1,2].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
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Intractable neuropathic pain often results from peripheral nerve injury or abnormal changes in the central nervous system caused by trauma, surgery, compression injuries, infection, metabolic diseases, ischemic or vascular diseases, immune diseases, or toxins.
[ "1,2" ]
Intractable neuropathic pain often results from peripheral nerve injury or abnormal changes in the central nervous system caused by trauma, surgery, compression injuries, infection, metabolic diseases, ischemic or vascular diseases, immune diseases, or toxins.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Because such neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, prevention is considered the most effective treatment strategy.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
116
43,921
0
false
Because such neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, prevention is considered the most effective treatment strategy.
[]
Because such neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, prevention is considered the most effective treatment strategy.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
This process involves the administration of local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, alone or in combination, via local, epidural, intrathecal, or systemic routes [3,4].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
215
43,922
0
false
This process involves the administration of local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, alone or in combination, via local, epidural, intrathecal, or systemic routes.
[ "3,4" ]
This process involves the administration of local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, alone or in combination, via local, epidural, intrathecal, or systemic routes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Research has shown that this form of analgesia reduces pain and morbidity, minimizing analgesic requirements, and resulting in shorter hospitalizations [5-7].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
158
43,923
0
false
Research has shown that this form of analgesia reduces pain and morbidity, minimizing analgesic requirements, and resulting in shorter hospitalizations.
[ "5-7" ]
Research has shown that this form of analgesia reduces pain and morbidity, minimizing analgesic requirements, and resulting in shorter hospitalizations.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
However, some studies have failed to detect a difference between pre- and post-operative treatment groups with respect to preemptive analgesia
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
142
43,924
0
false
However, some studies have failed to detect a difference between pre- and post-operative treatment groups with respect to preemptive analgesia
[]
However, some studies have failed to detect a difference between pre- and post-operative treatment groups with respect to preemptive analgesia
true
true
false
true
false
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
11
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Several studies have shown that perioperatively administered glucocorticoids have strong anti-inflammatory effects, reducing pain and swelling after oral surgery [11], orthopedic surgery, spinal surgery [12] and laparoscopic surgery [13].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
238
43,925
1
false
Several studies have shown that perioperatively administered glucocorticoids have strong anti-inflammatory effects, reducing pain and swelling after oral surgery, orthopedic surgery, spinal surgery and laparoscopic surgery.
[ "11", "12", "13" ]
Several studies have shown that perioperatively administered glucocorticoids have strong anti-inflammatory effects, reducing pain and swelling after oral surgery, orthopedic surgery, spinal surgery and laparoscopic surgery.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Dexamethasone has long-acting (several days) effects that would appear to make it an ideal drug to combine with preemptive analgesia.
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
133
43,926
0
false
Dexamethasone has long-acting (several days) effects that would appear to make it an ideal drug to combine with preemptive analgesia.
[]
Dexamethasone has long-acting (several days) effects that would appear to make it an ideal drug to combine with preemptive analgesia.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Dexamethasone-containing bupivacaine microspheres may prolong the duration of nerve block in animal and human studies [14-16].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
126
43,927
0
false
Dexamethasone-containing bupivacaine microspheres may prolong the duration of nerve block in animal and human studies.
[ "14-16" ]
Dexamethasone-containing bupivacaine microspheres may prolong the duration of nerve block in animal and human studies.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
17
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
It has also been shown that adding methylprednisolone to local anesthetic may increase the duration of axillary brachial block [17].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
132
43,928
1
false
It has also been shown that adding methylprednisolone to local anesthetic may increase the duration of axillary brachial block.
[ "17" ]
It has also been shown that adding methylprednisolone to local anesthetic may increase the duration of axillary brachial block.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
In addition, Kelly et al.
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25
43,929
0
false
In addition, Kelly et al.
[]
In addition, Kelly et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,593
0
INTRODUCTION
1
18
[ "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B7", "B8", "B10", "B11", "B12", "B13", "B14", "B16", "B17", "B18" ]
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
insisted that preemptive analgesia could be achieved using continuous or intermittent administration of single analgesics or analgesic combinations and treatment strategies that targeted the periphery, inputs along sensory axons, or central nervous system (CNS) sites [18].
[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "7", "8", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "16", "17", "18" ]
273
43,930
1
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insisted that preemptive analgesia could be achieved using continuous or intermittent administration of single analgesics or analgesic combinations and treatment strategies that targeted the periphery, inputs along sensory axons, or central nervous system (CNS) sites.
[ "18" ]
insisted that preemptive analgesia could be achieved using continuous or intermittent administration of single analgesics or analgesic combinations and treatment strategies that targeted the periphery, inputs along sensory axons, or central nervous system (CNS) sites.
false
true
true
true
false
7,593
1
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
20,830,261
pmid-1589245|pmid-2812843|pmid-6656869|pmid-7104735
Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether the combination of dexamethasone and local anesthetics increases the preemptive analgesic effect of local anesthetics in the spared nerve injury model.
null
204
43,931
0
false
null
null
Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether the combination of dexamethasone and local anesthetics increases the preemptive analgesic effect of local anesthetics in the spared nerve injury model.
true
true
true
true
true
7,594
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
In this study, perineural infiltration with 0.8 mg dexamethasone and 0.4% bupivacaine (0.2 ml) prior to surgery prevented the development of mechanical allodynia through POD 21.
null
177
43,932
0
false
null
null
In this study, perineural infiltration with 0.8 mg dexamethasone and 0.4% bupivacaine (0.2 ml) prior to surgery prevented the development of mechanical allodynia through POD 21.
true
true
true
true
true
7,595
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
In the group infiltrated with bupivacaine alone, mechanical allodynia developed early but gradually decreased after POD 9.
null
122
43,933
0
false
null
null
In the group infiltrated with bupivacaine alone, mechanical allodynia developed early but gradually decreased after POD 9.
true
true
true
true
true
7,595
0
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
pmid-10371588|pmid-1370574|pmid-16946657|pmid-11840097|pmid-8499204|pmid-12045850|pmid-8198905|pmid-1637601|pmid-7042372|pmid-12437261|pmid-14578725|pmid-8916834|pmid-12538215|pmid-15305267|pmid-11698320
Dexamethasone alone had no effect on the development of mechanical allodynia.
null
77
43,934
0
false
null
null
Dexamethasone alone had no effect on the development of mechanical allodynia.
true
true
true
true
true
7,595
1
DISCUSSION
1
21
[ "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24" ]
20,830,261
pmid-1589245|pmid-2812843|pmid-6656869|pmid-7104735
Neuropathic pain can develop through various mechanisms, such as a large increase in spontaneous (ectopic) discharges in dorsal root ganglia cell bodies and injured afferent fibers [21], cross excitation, damage to the high-threshold nociceptors (peripheral sensitization), collateral sprouting of intact fibers into den...
[ "21", "22", "23", "24" ]
344
43,935
1
false
Neuropathic pain can develop through various mechanisms, such as a large increase in spontaneous (ectopic) discharges in dorsal root ganglia cell bodies and injured afferent fibers, cross excitation, damage to the high-threshold nociceptors (peripheral sensitization), collateral sprouting of intact fibers into denervat...
[ "21" ]
Neuropathic pain can develop through various mechanisms, such as a large increase in spontaneous (ectopic) discharges in dorsal root ganglia cell bodies and injured afferent fibers, cross excitation, damage to the high-threshold nociceptors (peripheral sensitization), collateral sprouting of intact fibers into denervat...
true
true
false
true
false
7,596
1
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24" ]
20,830,261
pmid-1589245|pmid-2812843|pmid-6656869|pmid-7104735
[22], amplification of the excitability of neurons within the CNS (central sensitization)
[ "21", "22", "23", "24" ]
89
43,936
1
false
, amplification of the excitability of neurons within the CNS (central sensitization)
[ "22" ]
, amplification of the excitability of neurons within the CNS (central sensitization)
false
false
false
true
false
7,596
1
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "B21", "B22", "B23", "B24" ]
20,830,261
pmid-1589245|pmid-2812843|pmid-6656869|pmid-7104735
[23], and central disinhibition due to the loss of an inhibitory mechanism [24].
[ "21", "22", "23", "24" ]
80
43,937
1
false
, and central disinhibition due to the loss of an inhibitory mechanism.
[ "23", "24" ]
, and central disinhibition due to the loss of an inhibitory mechanism.
false
false
true
true
false
7,596
2
DISCUSSION
1
25
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
Administration of local anesthetics into the skin before making an incision has been demonstrated to reduce post-operative pain in many kinds of elective surgery, such as inguinal herniorrhaphy
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
193
43,938
0
false
Administration of local anesthetics into the skin before making an incision has been demonstrated to reduce post-operative pain in many kinds of elective surgery, such as inguinal herniorrhaphy
[]
Administration of local anesthetics into the skin before making an incision has been demonstrated to reduce post-operative pain in many kinds of elective surgery, such as inguinal herniorrhaphy
true
true
false
true
false
7,597
2
DISCUSSION
1
25
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
[25], tonsillectomy [26], diagnostic laparoscopic procedures [27], gynecological procedure [28] and some orthopedic procedure [29].
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
131
43,939
1
false
, tonsillectomy, diagnostic laparoscopic procedures, gynecological procedure and some orthopedic procedure.
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29" ]
, tonsillectomy, diagnostic laparoscopic procedures, gynecological procedure and some orthopedic procedure.
false
false
true
true
false
7,597
2
DISCUSSION
1
25
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
In studies assessing the use of bupivacaine for reducing postoperative pain, Gordon et al.
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
90
43,940
0
false
In studies assessing the use of bupivacaine for reducing postoperative pain, Gordon et al.
[]
In studies assessing the use of bupivacaine for reducing postoperative pain, Gordon et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,597
2
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
concluded that the observed blockade of sensory input extended beyond the local anesthetic duration of action [30].
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
115
43,941
1
false
concluded that the observed blockade of sensory input extended beyond the local anesthetic duration of action.
[ "30" ]
concluded that the observed blockade of sensory input extended beyond the local anesthetic duration of action.
false
true
true
true
false
7,597
2
DISCUSSION
1
25
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
They also suggested that the blockade of nociceptive input by a long-acting local anesthetic may decrease the development of central hyperexcitability, resulting in less pain and reducing the need for additional analgesics.
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
223
43,942
0
false
They also suggested that the blockade of nociceptive input by a long-acting local anesthetic may decrease the development of central hyperexcitability, resulting in less pain and reducing the need for additional analgesics.
[]
They also suggested that the blockade of nociceptive input by a long-acting local anesthetic may decrease the development of central hyperexcitability, resulting in less pain and reducing the need for additional analgesics.
true
true
true
true
true
7,597
2
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "B25", "B26", "B27", "B28", "B29", "B30", "B31" ]
20,830,261
pmid-2297102|pmid-1784501|pmid-10741813|pmid-8694322|pmid-3419836|pmid-9150295|pmid-9864591
In our study, we used 0.4% bupivacaine as the local anesthetic for preemptive analgesia because it has a longer half-life than lidocaine and offers potential advantages for the relief of postoperative pain [31].
[ "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31" ]
211
43,943
1
false
In our study, we used 0.4% bupivacaine as the local anesthetic for preemptive analgesia because it has a longer half-life than lidocaine and offers potential advantages for the relief of postoperative pain.
[ "31" ]
In our study, we used 0.4% bupivacaine as the local anesthetic for preemptive analgesia because it has a longer half-life than lidocaine and offers potential advantages for the relief of postoperative pain.
true
true
true
true
true
7,597
3
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B34" ]
20,830,261
pmid-15329619|pmid-14639156
Unlike in other studies [32-34], preemptive bupivacaine did not prevent a decrease in withdrawal thresholds early on, however it did increase thresholds after POD 9 in this study.
[ "32", "34" ]
179
43,944
0
false
Unlike in other studies, preemptive bupivacaine did not prevent a decrease in withdrawal thresholds early on, however it did increase thresholds after POD 9 in this study.
[ "32-34" ]
Unlike in other studies, preemptive bupivacaine did not prevent a decrease in withdrawal thresholds early on, however it did increase thresholds after POD 9 in this study.
true
true
true
true
true
7,598
3
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B34" ]
20,830,261
pmid-15329619|pmid-14639156
Although the exact mechanism is unknown, possible reasons for this discrepancy may be differences in pain models and/or the method of drug administration.
[ "32", "34" ]
154
43,945
0
false
Although the exact mechanism is unknown, possible reasons for this discrepancy may be differences in pain models and/or the method of drug administration.
[]
Although the exact mechanism is unknown, possible reasons for this discrepancy may be differences in pain models and/or the method of drug administration.
true
true
true
true
true
7,598
3
DISCUSSION
1
32
[ "B32", "B34" ]
20,830,261
pmid-15329619|pmid-14639156
Judging from this result, infiltrated local anesthetics before nerve injury may not decrease postoperative pain, but may prevent the development of chronic neuropathic pain.
[ "32", "34" ]
173
43,946
0
false
Judging from this result, infiltrated local anesthetics before nerve injury may not decrease postoperative pain, but may prevent the development of chronic neuropathic pain.
[]
Judging from this result, infiltrated local anesthetics before nerve injury may not decrease postoperative pain, but may prevent the development of chronic neuropathic pain.
true
true
true
true
true
7,598
4
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
In addition to their anti-inflammatory action, steroids have other effects that contribute to their analgesic effect, including acting as reversible local anesthetics, stabilizing neural membranes, inhibiting neural peptide synthesis or action, suppressing ongoing or ectopic neural discharge and inhibiting sensitizatio...
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
350
43,947
1
false
In addition to their anti-inflammatory action, steroids have other effects that contribute to their analgesic effect, including acting as reversible local anesthetics, stabilizing neural membranes, inhibiting neural peptide synthesis or action, suppressing ongoing or ectopic neural discharge and inhibiting sensitizatio...
[ "35" ]
In addition to their anti-inflammatory action, steroids have other effects that contribute to their analgesic effect, including acting as reversible local anesthetics, stabilizing neural membranes, inhibiting neural peptide synthesis or action, suppressing ongoing or ectopic neural discharge and inhibiting sensitizatio...
true
true
true
true
true
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
Preoperative use of dexamethasone has been demonstrated to decrease postoperative pain in tonsillectomy, lumbar discectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and third molar teeth extraction [36-39].
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
195
43,948
0
false
Preoperative use of dexamethasone has been demonstrated to decrease postoperative pain in tonsillectomy, lumbar discectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and third molar teeth extraction.
[ "36-39" ]
Preoperative use of dexamethasone has been demonstrated to decrease postoperative pain in tonsillectomy, lumbar discectomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and third molar teeth extraction.
true
true
true
true
true
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
According to another report [40], the addition of dexamethasone (8 mg) to a lidocaine (1.5%) solution for axillary brachial plexus block resulted in a significant increase in the duration of sensory and motor blocks, however the onsets of sensory and motor blockade were similar.
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
279
43,949
1
false
According to another report, the addition of dexamethasone (8 mg) to a lidocaine (1.5%) solution for axillary brachial plexus block resulted in a significant increase in the duration of sensory and motor blocks, however the onsets of sensory and motor blockade were similar.
[ "40" ]
According to another report, the addition of dexamethasone (8 mg) to a lidocaine (1.5%) solution for axillary brachial plexus block resulted in a significant increase in the duration of sensory and motor blocks, however the onsets of sensory and motor blockade were similar.
true
true
true
true
true
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
Devor et al.
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
12
43,950
0
false
Devor et al.
[]
Devor et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
reported corticosteroids may have a local anesthetic effect on the nerve [41].
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
78
43,951
1
false
reported corticosteroids may have a local anesthetic effect on the nerve.
[ "41" ]
reported corticosteroids may have a local anesthetic effect on the nerve.
false
true
true
true
false
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
Furthermore, Movafegh et al.
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
28
43,952
0
false
Furthermore, Movafegh et al.
[]
Furthermore, Movafegh et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,599
4
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "B35", "B36", "B39", "B40", "B41", "B40" ]
20,830,261
pmid-16902669|pmid-8250191|pmid-8894809|pmid-16368840|pmid-4047699|pmid-16368840
suggested the additive effect of dexamethasone and lidocaine for axillary brachial plexus block may be related to this local anesthetic action [40].
[ "35", "36", "39", "40", "41", "40" ]
148
43,953
1
false
suggested the additive effect of dexamethasone and lidocaine for axillary brachial plexus block may be related to this local anesthetic action.
[ "40" ]
suggested the additive effect of dexamethasone and lidocaine for axillary brachial plexus block may be related to this local anesthetic action.
false
true
true
true
false
7,599
5
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "B41" ]
20,830,261
pmid-4047699
Investigation of preemptive administration with bupivacaine or bupivacaine-methylprednisolone to the paravertebral muscles in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy revealed that pain decreased immediately after operation, and investigators asserted that injected corticosteroids acted against pain by inhibiting inflamma...
[ "41" ]
409
43,954
1
false
Investigation of preemptive administration with bupivacaine or bupivacaine-methylprednisolone to the paravertebral muscles in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy revealed that pain decreased immediately after operation, and investigators asserted that injected corticosteroids acted against pain by inhibiting inflamma...
[ "41" ]
Investigation of preemptive administration with bupivacaine or bupivacaine-methylprednisolone to the paravertebral muscles in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy revealed that pain decreased immediately after operation, and investigators asserted that injected corticosteroids acted against pain by inhibiting inflamma...
true
true
true
true
true
7,600
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
In addition to pain relief in postoperative patients, corticosteroids may suppress neuropathic pain.
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
100
43,955
0
false
In addition to pain relief in postoperative patients, corticosteroids may suppress neuropathic pain.
[]
In addition to pain relief in postoperative patients, corticosteroids may suppress neuropathic pain.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
Large-dose oral glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to alleviate pain, hyperalgesia, and edema in complex regional pain syndrome patients [42].
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
146
43,956
1
false
Large-dose oral glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to alleviate pain, hyperalgesia, and edema in complex regional pain syndrome patients.
[ "42" ]
Large-dose oral glucocorticoids have been demonstrated to alleviate pain, hyperalgesia, and edema in complex regional pain syndrome patients.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
Kozin et al.
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
12
43,957
0
false
Kozin et al.
[]
Kozin et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
43
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
suggested that oral glucocorticoids exerted a prolonged effect even after discontinuation [43].
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
95
43,958
1
false
suggested that oral glucocorticoids exerted a prolonged effect even after discontinuation.
[ "43" ]
suggested that oral glucocorticoids exerted a prolonged effect even after discontinuation.
false
true
true
true
false
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
Furthermore, Kingery et al.
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
27
43,959
0
false
Furthermore, Kingery et al.
[]
Furthermore, Kingery et al.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
[44] found that continuous infusion of methylprednisolone (3 mg/kg/d for 21 days), initiated after the development of neuropathic hyperalgesia, gradually reversed both heat and mechanical hyperalgesia over a period of several weeks, and an antihyperalgesic effect persisted for at least a week after discontinuing infusi...
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
323
43,960
1
false
found that continuous infusion of methylprednisolone (3 mg/kg/d for 21 days), initiated after the development of neuropathic hyperalgesia, gradually reversed both heat and mechanical hyperalgesia over a period of several weeks, and an antihyperalgesic effect persisted for at least a week after discontinuing infusion.
[ "44" ]
found that continuous infusion of methylprednisolone (3 mg/kg/d for 21 days), initiated after the development of neuropathic hyperalgesia, gradually reversed both heat and mechanical hyperalgesia over a period of several weeks, and an antihyperalgesic effect persisted for at least a week after discontinuing infusion.
false
true
true
true
false
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
They also showed that continuous methylprednisolone infusion partially reversed nerve injury-evoked Fos protein expression in the dorsal horns, suggesting that glucocorticoids can inhibit spinal neuron hyperactivity induced by chronic sciatic nerve transaction.
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
261
43,961
0
false
They also showed that continuous methylprednisolone infusion partially reversed nerve injury-evoked Fos protein expression in the dorsal horns, suggesting that glucocorticoids can inhibit spinal neuron hyperactivity induced by chronic sciatic nerve transaction.
[]
They also showed that continuous methylprednisolone infusion partially reversed nerve injury-evoked Fos protein expression in the dorsal horns, suggesting that glucocorticoids can inhibit spinal neuron hyperactivity induced by chronic sciatic nerve transaction.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
45
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
Topical injection of betamethasone has also been shown to inhibit the development of neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal nerve transaction [45].
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
150
43,962
1
false
Topical injection of betamethasone has also been shown to inhibit the development of neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal nerve transaction.
[ "45" ]
Topical injection of betamethasone has also been shown to inhibit the development of neuropathic pain in a rat model of spinal nerve transaction.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
6
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42", "B43", "B44", "B45" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435|pmid-56891|pmid-11159254|pmid-16501235
Betamethasone administration reduced the elevations of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and induced the expression of IL-10 in the brain, all of which were coincident with pain behavior in rats, suggesting that betamethasone may produce analgesic effects by modulating NF-κB and specific cytokines.
[ "42", "43", "44", "45" ]
290
43,963
0
false
Betamethasone administration reduced the elevations of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and induced the expression of IL-10 in the brain, all of which were coincident with pain behavior in rats, suggesting that betamethasone may produce analgesic effects by modulating NF-κB and specific cytokines.
[]
Betamethasone administration reduced the elevations of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and induced the expression of IL-10 in the brain, all of which were coincident with pain behavior in rats, suggesting that betamethasone may produce analgesic effects by modulating NF-κB and specific cytokines.
true
true
true
true
true
7,601
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
Consistent with these previous observations, the results of our study suggest that dexamethasone may inhibit neuropathic pain through a combination of its prolonged analgesic action and the increased effect of its local anesthetic action with that of bupivacaine.
[ "42" ]
263
43,964
0
false
Consistent with these previous observations, the results of our study suggest that dexamethasone may inhibit neuropathic pain through a combination of its prolonged analgesic action and the increased effect of its local anesthetic action with that of bupivacaine.
[]
Consistent with these previous observations, the results of our study suggest that dexamethasone may inhibit neuropathic pain through a combination of its prolonged analgesic action and the increased effect of its local anesthetic action with that of bupivacaine.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
However, dexamethasone itself had no preemptive anti-neuropathic effect in our study.
[ "42" ]
85
43,965
0
false
However, dexamethasone itself had no preemptive anti-neuropathic effect in our study.
[]
However, dexamethasone itself had no preemptive anti-neuropathic effect in our study.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
This may be due to the small sample sizes (group 2: n = 10, group 5: n = 10).
[ "42" ]
77
43,966
0
false
This may be due to the small sample sizes (group 2: n = 10, group 5: n = 10).
[]
This may be due to the small sample sizes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
It is also difficult to compare this result with those of other studies because of differences in pain models and method of drug administration.
[ "42" ]
144
43,967
0
false
It is also difficult to compare this result with those of other studies because of differences in pain models and method of drug administration.
[]
It is also difficult to compare this result with those of other studies because of differences in pain models and method of drug administration.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
Clinically, the usual infiltration dosage is from 5-40 ml in 0.25-0.5% bupivacaine.
[ "42" ]
83
43,968
0
false
Clinically, the usual infiltration dosage is from 5-40 ml in 0.25-0.5% bupivacaine.
[]
Clinically, the usual infiltration dosage is from 5-40 ml in 0.25-0.5% bupivacaine.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
Intravenous dosage of dexamethasone is 0.15-3 mg/kg and 8 mg of dexamethasone mixed with 1.5% lidocaine 34 ml was infiltrated via axillary brachial plexus blockade [42].
[ "42" ]
169
43,969
1
false
Intravenous dosage of dexamethasone is 0.15-3 mg/kg and 8 mg of dexamethasone mixed with 1.5% lidocaine 34 ml was infiltrated via axillary brachial plexus blockade.
[ "42" ]
Intravenous dosage of dexamethasone is 0.15-3 mg/kg and 8 mg of dexamethasone mixed with 1.5% lidocaine 34 ml was infiltrated via axillary brachial plexus blockade.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
The dosage of dexamethasone (0.8 mg) used in this study wasn't small as a single bolus dose for an antineuropathic effect (e.g., through antihyperalgesic action).
[ "42" ]
162
43,970
0
false
The dosage of dexamethasone (0.8 mg) used in this study wasn't small as a single bolus dose for an antineuropathic effect (e.g., through antihyperalgesic action).
[]
The dosage of dexamethasone (0.8 mg) used in this study wasn't small as a single bolus dose for an antineuropathic effect (e.g., through antihyperalgesic action).
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
However, if the single bolus dosage is increased or continuous infusion is performed, dexamethasone could be effective in preventing the development of mechanical allodynia.
[ "42" ]
173
43,971
0
false
However, if the single bolus dosage is increased or continuous infusion is performed, dexamethasone could be effective in preventing the development of mechanical allodynia.
[]
However, if the single bolus dosage is increased or continuous infusion is performed, dexamethasone could be effective in preventing the development of mechanical allodynia.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
Therefore, it is difficult to conclude that the administration of dexamethasone alone has no preemptive analgesic effect in the present study.
[ "42" ]
142
43,972
0
false
Therefore, it is difficult to conclude that the administration of dexamethasone alone has no preemptive analgesic effect in the present study.
[]
Therefore, it is difficult to conclude that the administration of dexamethasone alone has no preemptive analgesic effect in the present study.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
7
DISCUSSION
1
42
[ "B42" ]
20,830,261
pmid-6763435
Taken together, we suggest that the administration of dexamethasone in combination with bupivacaine increases the antiallodynic effect.
[ "42" ]
135
43,973
0
false
Taken together, we suggest that the administration of dexamethasone in combination with bupivacaine increases the antiallodynic effect.
[]
Taken together, we suggest that the administration of dexamethasone in combination with bupivacaine increases the antiallodynic effect.
true
true
true
true
true
7,602
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
The analgesic effect of preoperative infiltration with both bupivacaine and dexamethasone was significantly better than with preoperative infiltration with bupivacaine alone for only the first 9 days after surgery.
null
214
43,974
0
false
null
null
The analgesic effect of preoperative infiltration with both bupivacaine and dexamethasone was significantly better than with preoperative infiltration with bupivacaine alone for only the first 9 days after surgery.
true
true
true
true
true
7,603
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
After 12 days post-surgery, there were no significant differences between preoperative infiltration with bupivacaine-dexamethasone and bupivacaine alone.
null
153
43,975
0
false
null
null
After 12 days post-surgery, there were no significant differences between preoperative infiltration with bupivacaine-dexamethasone and bupivacaine alone.
true
true
true
true
true
7,603
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
In the present study, as in earlier studies, bupivacaine had an apparent preemptive analgesic effect when used alone, but was less effective than the combined analgesic action of bupivacaine and dexamethasone, especially early after injury.
null
240
43,976
0
false
null
null
In the present study, as in earlier studies, bupivacaine had an apparent preemptive analgesic effect when used alone, but was less effective than the combined analgesic action of bupivacaine and dexamethasone, especially early after injury.
true
true
true
true
true
7,603
8
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
The mechanism of these results is unclear, but it can be postulated that it arises from the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone.
null
134
43,977
0
false
null
null
The mechanism of these results is unclear, but it can be postulated that it arises from the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone.
true
true
true
true
true
7,603
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
In conclusion, preoperative infiltration of both dexamethasone and bupivacaine showed a significantly better analgesic effect than did infiltration of bupivacaine or dexamethasone alone in an SNI model, especially at the early stage after surgery.
null
247
43,978
0
false
null
null
In conclusion, preoperative infiltration of both dexamethasone and bupivacaine showed a significantly better analgesic effect than did infiltration of bupivacaine or dexamethasone alone in an SNI model, especially at the early stage after surgery.
true
true
true
true
true
7,604
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
These results may indicate that dexamethasone acts synergistically or additively with bupivacaine to exert a preemptive analgesic effect, but has no preemptive analgesic effect on its own.
null
188
43,979
0
false
null
null
These results may indicate that dexamethasone acts synergistically or additively with bupivacaine to exert a preemptive analgesic effect, but has no preemptive analgesic effect on its own.
true
true
true
true
true
7,604
9
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
20,830,261
null
Finally, preemptive analgesia with local anesthetics alone may be associated with a long-lasting decrease in mechanical allodynia.
null
130
43,980
0
false
null
null
Finally, preemptive analgesia with local anesthetics alone may be associated with a long-lasting decrease in mechanical allodynia.
true
true
true
true
true
7,604
0
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "bib31", "bib32", "bib33" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16914706|pmid-16126996|pmid-16884970
This study contains new information that informs two separate but related topics: the therapeutic mechanisms of the TNF inhibitor etanercept, and the network of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes that drive psoriasis pathogenesis.
[ "31", "32", "33" ]
233
43,981
0
false
This study contains new information that informs two separate but related topics: the therapeutic mechanisms of the TNF inhibitor etanercept, and the network of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes that drive psoriasis pathogenesis.
[]
This study contains new information that informs two separate but related topics: the therapeutic mechanisms of the TNF inhibitor etanercept, and the network of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes that drive psoriasis pathogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
7,605
0
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "bib31", "bib32", "bib33" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16914706|pmid-16126996|pmid-16884970
Presently, there are three TNF inhibitors in widespread use for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, and ankylosing spondylitis: infliximab and adalimumab, which are monoclonal TNF antibodies, and etanercept, which is a dimeric TNFRII Fc fusion protein (31, 32).
[ "31", "32", "33" ]
301
43,982
0
false
Presently, there are three TNF inhibitors in widespread use for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, and ankylosing spondylitis: infliximab and adalimumab, which are monoclonal TNF antibodies, and etanercept, which is a dimeric TNFRII Fc fusion protein.
[ "31, 32" ]
Presently, there are three TNF inhibitors in widespread use for the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, and ankylosing spondylitis: infliximab and adalimumab, which are monoclonal TNF antibodies, and etanercept, which is a dimeric TNFRII Fc fusion protein.
true
true
true
true
true
7,605
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "bib31", "bib32", "bib33" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16914706|pmid-16126996|pmid-16884970
Although often considered as a therapeutic class, these agents are structurally different, have different affinities for TNF, and are not uniformly effective for all inflammatory diseases (33).
[ "31", "32", "33" ]
193
43,983
1
false
Although often considered as a therapeutic class, these agents are structurally different, have different affinities for TNF, and are not uniformly effective for all inflammatory diseases.
[ "33" ]
Although often considered as a therapeutic class, these agents are structurally different, have different affinities for TNF, and are not uniformly effective for all inflammatory diseases.
true
true
true
true
true
7,605
0
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "bib31", "bib32", "bib33" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16914706|pmid-16126996|pmid-16884970
Although more than one million patients have been treated with these drugs, there are surprisingly little data on therapeutic mechanisms in human inflammatory diseases.
[ "31", "32", "33" ]
168
43,984
0
false
Although more than one million patients have been treated with these drugs, there are surprisingly little data on therapeutic mechanisms in human inflammatory diseases.
[]
Although more than one million patients have been treated with these drugs, there are surprisingly little data on therapeutic mechanisms in human inflammatory diseases.
true
true
true
true
true
7,605
0
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "bib31", "bib32", "bib33" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16914706|pmid-16126996|pmid-16884970
In this paper, we show that psoriasis disease improvement correlated with early reduction in DC and Th17 cell products and downstream effector molecules, and final disease resolution correlated with late down-modulation of Th1 cells.
[ "31", "32", "33" ]
233
43,985
0
false
In this paper, we show that psoriasis disease improvement correlated with early reduction in DC and Th17 cell products and downstream effector molecules, and final disease resolution correlated with late down-modulation of Th1 cells.
[]
In this paper, we show that psoriasis disease improvement correlated with early reduction in DC and Th17 cell products and downstream effector molecules, and final disease resolution correlated with late down-modulation of Th1 cells.
true
true
true
true
true
7,605
1
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "bib34", "bib35", "bib36" ]
18,039,949
pmid-11677207|pmid-15691299|pmid-17010737
When considering previous research on the TNF inhibitor mechanism, it is useful to divide response into early (hours to days) versus late (weeks to months) effects.
[ "34", "35", "36" ]
164
43,986
0
false
When considering previous research on the TNF inhibitor mechanism, it is useful to divide response into early (hours to days) versus late (weeks to months) effects.
[]
When considering previous research on the TNF inhibitor mechanism, it is useful to divide response into early (hours to days) versus late (weeks to months) effects.
true
true
true
true
true
7,606
1
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "bib34", "bib35", "bib36" ]
18,039,949
pmid-11677207|pmid-15691299|pmid-17010737
In the case of infliximab and adalimumab, there are studies suggesting that broad apoptosis of inflammatory leukocytes is induced within hours of drug delivery (34, 35).
[ "34", "35", "36" ]
169
43,987
0
false
In the case of infliximab and adalimumab, there are studies suggesting that broad apoptosis of inflammatory leukocytes is induced within hours of drug delivery.
[ "34, 35" ]
In the case of infliximab and adalimumab, there are studies suggesting that broad apoptosis of inflammatory leukocytes is induced within hours of drug delivery.
true
true
true
true
true
7,606
1
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "bib34", "bib35", "bib36" ]
18,039,949
pmid-11677207|pmid-15691299|pmid-17010737
With these agents, the reduction of cytokine-driven inflammation is likely a combination of inhibition of TNF-dependent cytokine production, as well as reducing cytokine-producing cells via apoptosis.
[ "34", "35", "36" ]
200
43,988
0
false
With these agents, the reduction of cytokine-driven inflammation is likely a combination of inhibition of TNF-dependent cytokine production, as well as reducing cytokine-producing cells via apoptosis.
[]
With these agents, the reduction of cytokine-driven inflammation is likely a combination of inhibition of TNF-dependent cytokine production, as well as reducing cytokine-producing cells via apoptosis.
true
true
true
true
true
7,606
1
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "bib34", "bib35", "bib36" ]
18,039,949
pmid-11677207|pmid-15691299|pmid-17010737
Early apoptosis, however, is not a feature of etanercept treatment.
[ "34", "35", "36" ]
67
43,989
0
false
Early apoptosis, however, is not a feature of etanercept treatment.
[]
Early apoptosis, however, is not a feature of etanercept treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
7,606
1
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "bib34", "bib35", "bib36" ]
18,039,949
pmid-11677207|pmid-15691299|pmid-17010737
Experiments on psoriasis lesions show some leukocyte apoptosis after 1 mo of treatment (36), suggesting that apoptosis is a secondary mechanism after growth factor/TNF withdrawal.
[ "34", "35", "36" ]
179
43,990
1
false
Experiments on psoriasis lesions show some leukocyte apoptosis after 1 mo of treatment, suggesting that apoptosis is a secondary mechanism after growth factor/TNF withdrawal.
[ "36" ]
Experiments on psoriasis lesions show some leukocyte apoptosis after 1 mo of treatment, suggesting that apoptosis is a secondary mechanism after growth factor/TNF withdrawal.
true
true
true
true
true
7,606
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
In this paper, we propose that an early mechanism of etanercept is to inhibit inflammatory DC cytokine production and maturation, leading to a reduction in the activity of Th17 cells.
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
183
43,991
0
false
In this paper, we propose that an early mechanism of etanercept is to inhibit inflammatory DC cytokine production and maturation, leading to a reduction in the activity of Th17 cells.
[]
In this paper, we propose that an early mechanism of etanercept is to inhibit inflammatory DC cytokine production and maturation, leading to a reduction in the activity of Th17 cells.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
Recently, a new type of inflammatory myeloid CD11c+ DC was described in psoriasis, the TipDC (27).
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
98
43,992
1
false
Recently, a new type of inflammatory myeloid CD11c+ DC was described in psoriasis, the TipDC.
[ "27" ]
Recently, a new type of inflammatory myeloid CD11c+ DC was described in psoriasis, the TipDC.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
This cell type was first identified in a mouse model of innate immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection (37).
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
120
43,993
1
false
This cell type was first identified in a mouse model of innate immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection.
[ "37" ]
This cell type was first identified in a mouse model of innate immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
In a previous clinical trial using etanercept, iNOS mRNA and protein, along with various other DC and T cell inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, were decreased by 1 mo of treatment (the earliest time point in that study) (30).
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
229
43,994
1
false
In a previous clinical trial using etanercept, iNOS mRNA and protein, along with various other DC and T cell inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, were decreased by 1 mo of treatment (the earliest time point in that study).
[ "30" ]
In a previous clinical trial using etanercept, iNOS mRNA and protein, along with various other DC and T cell inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, were decreased by 1 mo of treatment (the earliest time point in that study).
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
Our current study uses even earlier time points to recreate the hierarchy of TNF-dependent mediators and separate primary (early) versus secondary (late) responses.
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
164
43,995
0
false
Our current study uses even earlier time points to recreate the hierarchy of TNF-dependent mediators and separate primary (early) versus secondary (late) responses.
[]
Our current study uses even earlier time points to recreate the hierarchy of TNF-dependent mediators and separate primary (early) versus secondary (late) responses.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
We now show that multiple inflammatory products of TipDCs, including iNOS, TNF, IL-20, and IL23 p40 subunit, are reduced within 1–2 wk after beginning etanercept, whereas the number of CD11c+ DCs in the tissue is minimally affected during this time, suggesting an initial blockade of cytokine production by these cells r...
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
346
43,996
0
false
We now show that multiple inflammatory products of TipDCs, including iNOS, TNF, IL-20, and IL23 p40 subunit, are reduced within 1–2 wk after beginning etanercept, whereas the number of CD11c+ DCs in the tissue is minimally affected during this time, suggesting an initial blockade of cytokine production by these cells r...
[]
We now show that multiple inflammatory products of TipDCs, including iNOS, TNF, IL-20, and IL23 p40 subunit, are reduced within 1–2 wk after beginning etanercept, whereas the number of CD11c+ DCs in the tissue is minimally affected during this time, suggesting an initial blockade of cytokine production by these cells r...
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
This suggests that TNF is an autocrine or paracrine inducer of TipDC inflammatory products that is blocked by etanercept.
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
121
43,997
0
false
This suggests that TNF is an autocrine or paracrine inducer of TipDC inflammatory products that is blocked by etanercept.
[]
This suggests that TNF is an autocrine or paracrine inducer of TipDC inflammatory products that is blocked by etanercept.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
2
DISCUSSION
1
27
[ "bib27", "bib37", "bib30" ]
18,039,949
pmid-14707118|pmid-12871639|pmid-16081850
This direct effect on DCs is supported by our in vitro studies with MoDCs showing that etanercept blocked up-regulation of co-stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, IL-23 production, and immunostimulatory capacity.
[ "27", "37", "30" ]
215
43,998
0
false
This direct effect on DCs is supported by our in vitro studies with MoDCs showing that etanercept blocked up-regulation of co-stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, IL-23 production, and immunostimulatory capacity.
[]
This direct effect on DCs is supported by our in vitro studies with MoDCs showing that etanercept blocked up-regulation of co-stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, IL-23 production, and immunostimulatory capacity.
true
true
true
true
true
7,607
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
The early modulation of TipDCs by etanercept may rapidly affect Th17 cells, beginning the process of molecular resolution before reduction in cellular infiltrates and long before clinical resolution.
[ "38", "7" ]
199
43,999
0
false
The early modulation of TipDCs by etanercept may rapidly affect Th17 cells, beginning the process of molecular resolution before reduction in cellular infiltrates and long before clinical resolution.
[]
The early modulation of TipDCs by etanercept may rapidly affect Th17 cells, beginning the process of molecular resolution before reduction in cellular infiltrates and long before clinical resolution.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
Our proposed psoriatic inflammatory pathway involves the production of IL-23 from these inflammatory TipDCs causing proliferation of Th17 cells, with subsequent induction of IL-17, IL-22, and other products (Fig.
[ "38", "7" ]
212
44,000
0
false
Our proposed psoriatic inflammatory pathway involves the production of IL-23 from these inflammatory TipDCs causing proliferation of Th17 cells, with subsequent induction of IL-17, IL-22, and other products (Fig.
[]
Our proposed psoriatic inflammatory pathway involves the production of IL-23 from these inflammatory TipDCs causing proliferation of Th17 cells, with subsequent induction of IL-17, IL-22, and other products (Fig.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
IL-17 appears to serve as an inducer of keratinocytes to produce antimicrobial peptides like DEFB4, S100 acute-phase proteins, and chemokines such as IL-8 (38).
[ "38", "7" ]
160
44,001
1
false
IL-17 appears to serve as an inducer of keratinocytes to produce antimicrobial peptides like DEFB4, S100 acute-phase proteins, and chemokines such as IL-8.
[ "38" ]
IL-17 appears to serve as an inducer of keratinocytes to produce antimicrobial peptides like DEFB4, S100 acute-phase proteins, and chemokines such as IL-8.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
Models of psoriasis suggest that IL-22 strongly induces keratinocyte hyperplasia and mediates IL-23–induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis (7).
[ "38", "7" ]
147
44,002
1
false
Models of psoriasis suggest that IL-22 strongly induces keratinocyte hyperplasia and mediates IL-23–induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis.
[ "7" ]
Models of psoriasis suggest that IL-22 strongly induces keratinocyte hyperplasia and mediates IL-23–induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
All of these products were down-modulated within 1–2 wk of etanercept treatment.
[ "38", "7" ]
80
44,003
0
false
All of these products were down-modulated within 1–2 wk of etanercept treatment.
[]
All of these products were down-modulated within 1–2 wk of etanercept treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
The involvement of Th17 cells in psoriasis may now help explain the following: hyperplasia of psoriatic keratinocytes (IL-22); why psoriatics are relatively protected from bacterial infection (defensins); and why neutrophils that are normally reserved for acute inflammatory processes appear in a chronic inflammatory di...
[ "38", "7" ]
333
44,004
0
false
The involvement of Th17 cells in psoriasis may now help explain the following: hyperplasia of psoriatic keratinocytes (IL-22); why psoriatics are relatively protected from bacterial infection (defensins); and why neutrophils that are normally reserved for acute inflammatory processes appear in a chronic inflammatory di...
[]
The involvement of Th17 cells in psoriasis may now help explain the following: hyperplasia of psoriatic keratinocytes (IL-22); why psoriatics are relatively protected from bacterial infection (defensins); and why neutrophils that are normally reserved for acute inflammatory processes appear in a chronic inflammatory di...
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
Moreover, histological resolution of the disease, as defined by decreased epidermal thickness and normalization of keratinocyte proliferation (Ki67) and differentiation (K16), correlates with rapidly decreased TipDC and Th17 cell products.
[ "38", "7" ]
239
44,005
0
false
Moreover, histological resolution of the disease, as defined by decreased epidermal thickness and normalization of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (K16), correlates with rapidly decreased TipDC and Th17 cell products.
[ "Ki67" ]
Moreover, histological resolution of the disease, as defined by decreased epidermal thickness and normalization of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (K16), correlates with rapidly decreased TipDC and Th17 cell products.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
3
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib7" ]
18,039,949
pmid-15322213|pmid-17187052
Thus, these results suggest that Th17 cells are important for disease pathogenesis and may be modified by etanercept at an early time point.
[ "38", "7" ]
140
44,006
0
false
Thus, these results suggest that Th17 cells are important for disease pathogenesis and may be modified by etanercept at an early time point.
[]
Thus, these results suggest that Th17 cells are important for disease pathogenesis and may be modified by etanercept at an early time point.
true
true
true
true
true
7,608
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
Proposed role of Th17 and Th1 cells in psoriasis pathogenesis.
null
63
44,007
0
false
null
null
Proposed role of Th17 and Th1 cells in psoriasis pathogenesis.
false
false
true
true
false
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
TNF stimulates CD11c+ inflammatory DCs to produce IL-23 and IL-20.
null
66
44,008
0
false
null
null
TNF stimulates CD11c+ inflammatory DCs to produce IL-23 and IL-20.
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
DC activation and production of IL-23 supports Th17 cell survival and proliferation and induces the production of IL-17 and IL-22.
null
130
44,009
0
false
null
null
DC activation and production of IL-23 supports Th17 cell survival and proliferation and induces the production of IL-17 and IL-22.
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
DC and Th17 cell products activate keratinocytes, promoting the release of innate inflammatory molecules such as DEFB4, S100A7, and IL-8.
null
137
44,010
0
false
null
null
DC and Th17 cell products activate keratinocytes, promoting the release of innate inflammatory molecules such as DEFB4, S100A7, and IL-8.
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
Concurrently, Th1 cells producing IFN-γ activate keratinocytes to up-regulate MHC class II molecules (HLA-DR) and integrins (ICAM), and release cytokines including membrane Ig (MIG) and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10).
null
219
44,011
0
false
null
null
Concurrently, Th1 cells producing IFN-γ activate keratinocytes to up-regulate MHC class II molecules (HLA-DR) and integrins (ICAM), and release cytokines including membrane Ig (MIG) and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10).
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
Th1 and Th17 cells may suppress each other's development, but IFN-γ can also act synergistically with IL-17 to increase ICAM expression and IL-8 release from keratinocytes.
null
172
44,012
0
false
null
null
Th1 and Th17 cells may suppress each other's development, but IFN-γ can also act synergistically with IL-17 to increase ICAM expression and IL-8 release from keratinocytes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
4
DISCUSSION
0
null
null
18,039,949
null
In psoriasis, etanercept may proximally inhibit this IL-23–IL-17 pathway to normalize keratinocyte proliferation and leukocyte infiltration.
null
140
44,013
0
false
null
null
In psoriasis, etanercept may proximally inhibit this IL-23–IL-17 pathway to normalize keratinocyte proliferation and leukocyte infiltration.
true
true
true
true
true
7,609
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "bib30", "bib39", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib15", "bib43" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16081850|pmid-9764847|pmid-17603494|pmid-14678257|pmid-15099362|pmid-16200068|pmid-17307864
Finally, although there is an emerging role for Th17 cells driving inflammation in psoriasis, Th1 cells may still be important for final disease resolution.
[ "30", "39", "40", "41", "42", "15", "43" ]
156
44,014
0
false
Finally, although there is an emerging role for Th17 cells driving inflammation in psoriasis, Th1 cells may still be important for final disease resolution.
[]
Finally, although there is an emerging role for Th17 cells driving inflammation in psoriasis, Th1 cells may still be important for final disease resolution.
true
true
true
true
true
7,610
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "bib30", "bib39", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib15", "bib43" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16081850|pmid-9764847|pmid-17603494|pmid-14678257|pmid-15099362|pmid-16200068|pmid-17307864
Although TipDC and Th17 cell products are down-modulated within 2 wk of etanercept treatment, IFN-γ is not decreased until week 12, and STAT-1 (an IFN-γ–dependent transcription factor) is not significantly decreased until several months of treatment (30).
[ "30", "39", "40", "41", "42", "15", "43" ]
255
44,015
1
false
Although TipDC and Th17 cell products are down-modulated within 2 wk of etanercept treatment, IFN-γ is not decreased until week 12, and STAT-1 (an IFN-γ–dependent transcription factor) is not significantly decreased until several months of treatment.
[ "30" ]
Although TipDC and Th17 cell products are down-modulated within 2 wk of etanercept treatment, IFN-γ is not decreased until week 12, and STAT-1 (an IFN-γ–dependent transcription factor) is not significantly decreased until several months of treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
7,610
5
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "bib30", "bib39", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib15", "bib43" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16081850|pmid-9764847|pmid-17603494|pmid-14678257|pmid-15099362|pmid-16200068|pmid-17307864
Therefore, although histological disease resolution begins within weeks, complete remission does not occur until after several months of treatment, when both Th17 and Th1 cell products have been down-modulated.
[ "30", "39", "40", "41", "42", "15", "43" ]
210
44,016
0
false
Therefore, although histological disease resolution begins within weeks, complete remission does not occur until after several months of treatment, when both Th17 and Th1 cell products have been down-modulated.
[]
Therefore, although histological disease resolution begins within weeks, complete remission does not occur until after several months of treatment, when both Th17 and Th1 cell products have been down-modulated.
true
true
true
true
true
7,610
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib30", "bib39", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib15", "bib43" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16081850|pmid-9764847|pmid-17603494|pmid-14678257|pmid-15099362|pmid-16200068|pmid-17307864
IFN-γ is a major inducer of MHC class II and acts synergistically with IL-17 to up-regulate keratinocyte intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)–1 and IL-8 production (39), suggesting that Th1 cells may be important for leukocyte activation.
[ "30", "39", "40", "41", "42", "15", "43" ]
240
44,017
1
false
IFN-γ is a major inducer of MHC class II and acts synergistically with IL-17 to up-regulate keratinocyte intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)–1 and IL-8 production, suggesting that Th1 cells may be important for leukocyte activation.
[ "39" ]
IFN-γ is a major inducer of MHC class II and acts synergistically with IL-17 to up-regulate keratinocyte intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)–1 and IL-8 production, suggesting that Th1 cells may be important for leukocyte activation.
true
true
true
true
true
7,610
5
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "bib30", "bib39", "bib40", "bib41", "bib42", "bib15", "bib43" ]
18,039,949
pmid-16081850|pmid-9764847|pmid-17603494|pmid-14678257|pmid-15099362|pmid-16200068|pmid-17307864
Activated T cells are required in the epidermis for psoriasis to develop (40), and most epidermal T cells are type 1 CD8+ cells (41); it follows that they must be ablated for disease resolution.
[ "30", "39", "40", "41", "42", "15", "43" ]
194
44,018
1
false
Activated T cells are required in the epidermis for psoriasis to develop, and most epidermal T cells are type 1 CD8+ cells ; it follows that they must be ablated for disease resolution.
[ "40", "41" ]
Activated T cells are required in the epidermis for psoriasis to develop, and most epidermal T cells are type 1 CD8+ cells ; it follows that they must be ablated for disease resolution.
true
true
true
true
true
7,610