Datasets:
vgainullin
/
xciting_data

Dataset card Data Studio Files
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 Community
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DISCUSSION
0
null
null
16,847,068
null
In the absence of DCs, secondary effector T cells failed to significantly expand in carrier mice after adoptive immunotherapy, CTL/APC migration into the CNS was impaired, and CNS viral clearance was not attained.
null
213
43,719
0
false
null
null
In the absence of DCs, secondary effector T cells failed to significantly expand in carrier mice after adoptive immunotherapy, CTL/APC migration into the CNS was impaired, and CNS viral clearance was not attained.
true
true
true
true
true
7,564
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
It was previously surmised that the clearance of virus from neurons after adoptive immunotherapy did not depend on the activities of memory T cells within the CNS (7, 36).
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
171
43,720
0
false
It was previously surmised that the clearance of virus from neurons after adoptive immunotherapy did not depend on the activities of memory T cells within the CNS.
[ "7, 36" ]
It was previously surmised that the clearance of virus from neurons after adoptive immunotherapy did not depend on the activities of memory T cells within the CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
This theory was based, in part, on the failure to detect cellular infiltrates in the brain parenchyma of immunotherapy recipients (7).
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
134
43,721
1
false
This theory was based, in part, on the failure to detect cellular infiltrates in the brain parenchyma of immunotherapy recipients.
[ "7" ]
This theory was based, in part, on the failure to detect cellular infiltrates in the brain parenchyma of immunotherapy recipients.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
By using more sensitive approaches, we demonstrated in this study that a requisite population of traceable LCMV-specific memory CTLs can indeed be found in the CNS as early as 1 d after immunotherapy, and, at the peak of expansion (day 8), these CTLs were spatially distributed throughout the brain parenchyma.
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
310
43,722
0
false
By using more sensitive approaches, we demonstrated in this study that a requisite population of traceable LCMV-specific memory CTLs can indeed be found in the CNS as early as 1 d after immunotherapy, and, at the peak of expansion (day 8), these CTLs were spatially distributed throughout the brain parenchyma.
[]
By using more sensitive approaches, we demonstrated in this study that a requisite population of traceable LCMV-specific memory CTLs can indeed be found in the CNS as early as 1 d after immunotherapy, and, at the peak of expansion (day 8), these CTLs were spatially distributed throughout the brain parenchyma.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
Neuronal viral clearance was not achieved at this time; however, the quantity of CTLs on sagittal brain reconstructions was found to correlate negatively with the viral load in the CNS, suggesting that the CTLs were already exerting an immunological pressure at day 8.
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
268
43,723
0
false
Neuronal viral clearance was not achieved at this time; however, the quantity of CTLs on sagittal brain reconstructions was found to correlate negatively with the viral load in the CNS, suggesting that the CTLs were already exerting an immunological pressure at day 8.
[]
Neuronal viral clearance was not achieved at this time; however, the quantity of CTLs on sagittal brain reconstructions was found to correlate negatively with the viral load in the CNS, suggesting that the CTLs were already exerting an immunological pressure at day 8.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
These data indicate that the failure to purge CNS virus in a timely manner cannot be explained by an inability of CTLs to migrate into the brain parenchyma.
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
156
43,724
0
false
These data indicate that the failure to purge CNS virus in a timely manner cannot be explained by an inability of CTLs to migrate into the brain parenchyma.
[]
These data indicate that the failure to purge CNS virus in a timely manner cannot be explained by an inability of CTLs to migrate into the brain parenchyma.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
1
DISCUSSION
1
7
[ "bib7", "bib36", "bib7" ]
16,847,068
pmid-3086743|pmid-8230458|pmid-3086743
Rather, it is more likely that the delay in clearance is related to the constraints imposed on CTLs by the immunologically specialized CNS.
[ "7", "36", "7" ]
139
43,725
0
false
Rather, it is more likely that the delay in clearance is related to the constraints imposed on CTLs by the immunologically specialized CNS.
[]
Rather, it is more likely that the delay in clearance is related to the constraints imposed on CTLs by the immunologically specialized CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,565
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
Although LCMV-specific CTLs were not able to achieve neuronal viral clearance with kinetics mirroring that observed in the periphery, their arrival in the CNS coincided perfectly with a dramatic elevation in MHC I and II expression.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
232
43,726
0
false
Although LCMV-specific CTLs were not able to achieve neuronal viral clearance with kinetics mirroring that observed in the periphery, their arrival in the CNS coincided perfectly with a dramatic elevation in MHC I and II expression.
[]
Although LCMV-specific CTLs were not able to achieve neuronal viral clearance with kinetics mirroring that observed in the periphery, their arrival in the CNS coincided perfectly with a dramatic elevation in MHC I and II expression.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
MHC expression was barely detectable in untreated carrier mice; however, by day 8 after immunotherapy, MHC I– and MHC II–bearing cells were distributed evenly throughout the parenchyma as well as the lining of the brain.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
220
43,727
0
false
MHC expression was barely detectable in untreated carrier mice; however, by day 8 after immunotherapy, MHC I– and MHC II–bearing cells were distributed evenly throughout the parenchyma as well as the lining of the brain.
[]
MHC expression was barely detectable in untreated carrier mice; however, by day 8 after immunotherapy, MHC I– and MHC II–bearing cells were distributed evenly throughout the parenchyma as well as the lining of the brain.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
CNS microglia and macrophages are APCs known to express MHC II (especially upon activation), and flow cytometric studies revealed that both cell populations were sources of MHC II in immunotherapy recipients.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
208
43,728
0
false
CNS microglia and macrophages are APCs known to express MHC II (especially upon activation), and flow cytometric studies revealed that both cell populations were sources of MHC II in immunotherapy recipients.
[]
CNS microglia and macrophages are APCs known to express MHC II (especially upon activation), and flow cytometric studies revealed that both cell populations were sources of MHC II in immunotherapy recipients.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
Although microglia/macrophages have the potential to reactivate memory T cells, we became intrigued by the possibility of DC involvement in the immunotherapeutic process given that this APC population is a potent stimulator of both naive (37) and memory (22) T cells.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
267
43,729
1
false
Although microglia/macrophages have the potential to reactivate memory T cells, we became intrigued by the possibility of DC involvement in the immunotherapeutic process given that this APC population is a potent stimulator of both naive and memory T cells.
[ "37", "22" ]
Although microglia/macrophages have the potential to reactivate memory T cells, we became intrigued by the possibility of DC involvement in the immunotherapeutic process given that this APC population is a potent stimulator of both naive and memory T cells.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
DCs are not normally found in the brain parenchyma (14, 15), but studies indicate that Toxoplasma gondii infection (16), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (15, 20, 21), and acute brain injury (19) all promote the appearance of parenchymal DCs.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
251
43,730
1
false
DCs are not normally found in the brain parenchyma, but studies indicate that Toxoplasma gondii infection, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and acute brain injury all promote the appearance of parenchymal DCs.
[ "14, 15", "16", "15, 20, 21", "19" ]
DCs are not normally found in the brain parenchyma, but studies indicate that Toxoplasma gondii infection, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and acute brain injury all promote the appearance of parenchymal DCs.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
In fact, one study demonstrated that DCs were capable of activating naive myelin-specific CD4+ T cells directly within the CNS (20).
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
132
43,731
1
false
In fact, one study demonstrated that DCs were capable of activating naive myelin-specific CD4+ T cells directly within the CNS.
[ "20" ]
In fact, one study demonstrated that DCs were capable of activating naive myelin-specific CD4+ T cells directly within the CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
21
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
CNS DCs also appear capable of reactivating primed myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells during adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (21).
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
143
43,732
1
false
CNS DCs also appear capable of reactivating primed myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells during adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
[ "21" ]
CNS DCs also appear capable of reactivating primed myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells during adoptive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "bib37", "bib22", "bib14", "bib15", "bib16", "bib15", "bib20", "bib21", "bib19", "bib20", "bib21" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11913066|pmid-15894274|pmid-8865208|pmid-11106572|pmid-10779791|pmid-11106572|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-12161028|pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653
Collectively, these data indicate that CNS DCs can inadvertently promote autoimmune pathogenesis.
[ "37", "22", "14", "15", "16", "15", "20", "21", "19", "20", "21" ]
97
43,733
0
false
Collectively, these data indicate that CNS DCs can inadvertently promote autoimmune pathogenesis.
[]
Collectively, these data indicate that CNS DCs can inadvertently promote autoimmune pathogenesis.
true
true
true
true
true
7,566
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
Although CNS DCs can facilitate undesirable pathogenesis (20, 21), we demonstrate that a diametrically opposed outcome does exist upon DC migration into the CNS.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
161
43,734
0
false
Although CNS DCs can facilitate undesirable pathogenesis, we demonstrate that a diametrically opposed outcome does exist upon DC migration into the CNS.
[ "20, 21" ]
Although CNS DCs can facilitate undesirable pathogenesis, we demonstrate that a diametrically opposed outcome does exist upon DC migration into the CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
As a consequence of immunotherapy, a substantial number of DCs were recruited into the brain parenchyma.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
104
43,735
0
false
As a consequence of immunotherapy, a substantial number of DCs were recruited into the brain parenchyma.
[]
As a consequence of immunotherapy, a substantial number of DCs were recruited into the brain parenchyma.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
These DCs showed an elevated expression of costimulatory molecules (B7.1/B7.2) as well as antigen-presenting machinery (MHC I/II) and were the only APC population capable of restimulating memory CTLs ex vivo.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
208
43,736
0
false
These DCs showed an elevated expression of costimulatory molecules (B7.1/B7.2) as well as antigen-presenting machinery (MHC I/II) and were the only APC population capable of restimulating memory CTLs ex vivo.
[]
These DCs showed an elevated expression of costimulatory molecules as well as antigen-presenting machinery (MHC I/II) and were the only APC population capable of restimulating memory CTLs ex vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
The selective stimulatory capacity of DCs could not be explained by a failure of other APC populations to become activated or migrate into the CNS.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
147
43,737
0
false
The selective stimulatory capacity of DCs could not be explained by a failure of other APC populations to become activated or migrate into the CNS.
[]
The selective stimulatory capacity of DCs could not be explained by a failure of other APC populations to become activated or migrate into the CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
Macrophages were observed in the CNS after immunotherapy, yet these cells failed to restimulate memory CTLs.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
108
43,738
0
false
Macrophages were observed in the CNS after immunotherapy, yet these cells failed to restimulate memory CTLs.
[]
Macrophages were observed in the CNS after immunotherapy, yet these cells failed to restimulate memory CTLs.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
31
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
Microglia were also unable to restimulate memory CTLs despite up-regulating CD11c, a marker thought to signify microglial transformation into a DC-like cell population (31).
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
173
43,739
1
false
Microglia were also unable to restimulate memory CTLs despite up-regulating CD11c, a marker thought to signify microglial transformation into a DC-like cell population.
[ "31" ]
Microglia were also unable to restimulate memory CTLs despite up-regulating CD11c, a marker thought to signify microglial transformation into a DC-like cell population.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
3
DISCUSSION
1
20
[ "bib20", "bib21", "bib31" ]
16,847,068
pmid-15735651|pmid-15735653|pmid-11371643
Thus, DCs alone can harbor the potential to stimulate memory T cells in the CNS without initiating a pathogenic cascade.
[ "20", "21", "31" ]
120
43,740
0
false
Thus, DCs alone can harbor the potential to stimulate memory T cells in the CNS without initiating a pathogenic cascade.
[]
Thus, DCs alone can harbor the potential to stimulate memory T cells in the CNS without initiating a pathogenic cascade.
true
true
true
true
true
7,567
4
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib13" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11244031|pmid-7676639
Given that stimulatory DCs are recruited into the brain parenchyma as a consequence of immunotherapy, we propose that this professional APC population may participate in the noncytopathic clearance of neurons by sustaining the activities of the antiviral CTL or by promoting antiviral cytokine release within the brain p...
[ "38", "13" ]
330
43,741
0
false
Given that stimulatory DCs are recruited into the brain parenchyma as a consequence of immunotherapy, we propose that this professional APC population may participate in the noncytopathic clearance of neurons by sustaining the activities of the antiviral CTL or by promoting antiviral cytokine release within the brain p...
[]
Given that stimulatory DCs are recruited into the brain parenchyma as a consequence of immunotherapy, we propose that this professional APC population may participate in the noncytopathic clearance of neurons by sustaining the activities of the antiviral CTL or by promoting antiviral cytokine release within the brain p...
true
true
true
true
true
7,568
4
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib13" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11244031|pmid-7676639
T cells have the capacity to purge viruses noncytopathically through cytokine release (38), and engagement of peptide–MHC-bearing DCs in the brain parenchyma may favor viral clearance from adjacent neurons through this mechanism.
[ "38", "13" ]
229
43,742
1
false
T cells have the capacity to purge viruses noncytopathically through cytokine release, and engagement of peptide–MHC-bearing DCs in the brain parenchyma may favor viral clearance from adjacent neurons through this mechanism.
[ "38" ]
T cells have the capacity to purge viruses noncytopathically through cytokine release, and engagement of peptide–MHC-bearing DCs in the brain parenchyma may favor viral clearance from adjacent neurons through this mechanism.
true
true
true
true
true
7,568
4
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib13" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11244031|pmid-7676639
In support of this theory, we demonstrated that CTLs engaged MHC II–bearing APCs in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
[ "38", "13" ]
120
43,743
0
false
In support of this theory, we demonstrated that CTLs engaged MHC II–bearing APCs in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
[]
In support of this theory, we demonstrated that CTLs engaged MHC II–bearing APCs in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
true
true
true
true
true
7,568
4
DISCUSSION
1
38
[ "bib38", "bib13" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11244031|pmid-7676639
We further demonstrated that DCs were the only MHC II+ APC extracted from the CNS of immunotherapy recipients that induced memory CTLs to produce TNF-α and, to a limited degree, IFN-γ.
[ "38", "13" ]
184
43,744
0
false
We further demonstrated that DCs were the only MHC II+ APC extracted from the CNS of immunotherapy recipients that induced memory CTLs to produce TNF-α and, to a limited degree, IFN-γ.
[]
We further demonstrated that DCs were the only MHC II+ APC extracted from the CNS of immunotherapy recipients that induced memory CTLs to produce TNF-α and, to a limited degree, IFN-γ.
true
true
true
true
true
7,568
4
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "bib38", "bib13" ]
16,847,068
pmid-11244031|pmid-7676639
Although DCs from immunotherapy recipients preferentially induced TNF-α production through an as yet unknown mechanism, both TNF-α and IFN-γ (13) are required to achieve total body clearance in LCMV carrier mice.
[ "38", "13" ]
212
43,745
1
false
Although DCs from immunotherapy recipients preferentially induced TNF-α production through an as yet unknown mechanism, both TNF-α and IFN-γ are required to achieve total body clearance in LCMV carrier mice.
[ "13" ]
Although DCs from immunotherapy recipients preferentially induced TNF-α production through an as yet unknown mechanism, both TNF-α and IFN-γ are required to achieve total body clearance in LCMV carrier mice.
true
true
true
true
true
7,568
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
One of the most important observations from this study was the dependence of memory T cells on DCs for successful immunotherapeutic clearance.
[ "39", "22" ]
142
43,746
0
false
One of the most important observations from this study was the dependence of memory T cells on DCs for successful immunotherapeutic clearance.
[]
One of the most important observations from this study was the dependence of memory T cells on DCs for successful immunotherapeutic clearance.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
In DC-depleted carrier mice, adoptively transferred memory CTLs demonstrated a dramatic reduction in secondary expansion and were impaired in their ability to purge LCMV systemically as well as from the CNS.
[ "39", "22" ]
207
43,747
0
false
In DC-depleted carrier mice, adoptively transferred memory CTLs demonstrated a dramatic reduction in secondary expansion and were impaired in their ability to purge LCMV systemically as well as from the CNS.
[]
In DC-depleted carrier mice, adoptively transferred memory CTLs demonstrated a dramatic reduction in secondary expansion and were impaired in their ability to purge LCMV systemically as well as from the CNS.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
DC depletion also significantly reduced CTL and APC migration/activation in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
[ "39", "22" ]
112
43,748
0
false
DC depletion also significantly reduced CTL and APC migration/activation in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
[]
DC depletion also significantly reduced CTL and APC migration/activation in the CNS of immunotherapy recipients.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
It is possible that memory CTLs also depend on macrophages for restimulation, as a recent study demonstrated that certain macrophage populations are depleted in CD11c-DTR tg mice (39).
[ "39", "22" ]
184
43,749
1
false
It is possible that memory CTLs also depend on macrophages for restimulation, as a recent study demonstrated that certain macrophage populations are depleted in CD11c-DTR tg mice.
[ "39" ]
It is possible that memory CTLs also depend on macrophages for restimulation, as a recent study demonstrated that certain macrophage populations are depleted in CD11c-DTR tg mice.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
However, we consider this possibility unlikely given that macrophages derived from the CNS or spleen of immunotherapy recipients did not stimulate memory CTLs ex vivo.
[ "39", "22" ]
167
43,750
0
false
However, we consider this possibility unlikely given that macrophages derived from the CNS or spleen of immunotherapy recipients did not stimulate memory CTLs ex vivo.
[]
However, we consider this possibility unlikely given that macrophages derived from the CNS or spleen of immunotherapy recipients did not stimulate memory CTLs ex vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
DCs likely represent the main APC population required for the optimization of secondary T cell responses to pathogens (22), and we postulate that this reliance on DCs becomes even greater when memory T cells are transferred into a host heavily burdened with a systemic viral infection.
[ "39", "22" ]
285
43,751
1
false
DCs likely represent the main APC population required for the optimization of secondary T cell responses to pathogens, and we postulate that this reliance on DCs becomes even greater when memory T cells are transferred into a host heavily burdened with a systemic viral infection.
[ "22" ]
DCs likely represent the main APC population required for the optimization of secondary T cell responses to pathogens, and we postulate that this reliance on DCs becomes even greater when memory T cells are transferred into a host heavily burdened with a systemic viral infection.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
Our results demonstrate clearly that memory T cells require DCs for efficient secondary expansion in carrier mice; however, it remains to be determined whether DCs are continually required to sustain the activities of memory T cells in the CNS during the therapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[ "39", "22" ]
309
43,752
0
false
Our results demonstrate clearly that memory T cells require DCs for efficient secondary expansion in carrier mice; however, it remains to be determined whether DCs are continually required to sustain the activities of memory T cells in the CNS during the therapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[]
Our results demonstrate clearly that memory T cells require DCs for efficient secondary expansion in carrier mice; however, it remains to be determined whether DCs are continually required to sustain the activities of memory T cells in the CNS during the therapeutic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
5
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "bib39", "bib22" ]
16,847,068
pmid-16045728|pmid-15894274
This latter scenario seems likely given the near perfect correlation between CTLs and stimulatory DC recruitment into the CNS after immunotherapy, and studies to evaluate this possibility are presently ongoing.
[ "39", "22" ]
210
43,753
0
false
This latter scenario seems likely given the near perfect correlation between CTLs and stimulatory DC recruitment into the CNS after immunotherapy, and studies to evaluate this possibility are presently ongoing.
[]
This latter scenario seems likely given the near perfect correlation between CTLs and stimulatory DC recruitment into the CNS after immunotherapy, and studies to evaluate this possibility are presently ongoing.
true
true
true
true
true
7,569
6
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "bib9", "bib10" ]
16,847,068
pmid-1891717|pmid-1610569
In conclusion, immunocytotherapy is a remarkably efficient means to achieve systemic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[ "9", "10" ]
127
43,754
0
false
In conclusion, immunocytotherapy is a remarkably efficient means to achieve systemic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[]
In conclusion, immunocytotherapy is a remarkably efficient means to achieve systemic clearance of a persistent viral infection.
true
true
true
true
true
7,570
6
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "bib9", "bib10" ]
16,847,068
pmid-1891717|pmid-1610569
The precision and efficacy of this process is best exemplified by the ability of memory T cells to operate within the confines of the immunologically specialized CNS and noncytopathically purge virus from a cell population (neurons) that does not readily express MHC (9, 10).
[ "9", "10" ]
275
43,755
0
false
The precision and efficacy of this process is best exemplified by the ability of memory T cells to operate within the confines of the immunologically specialized CNS and noncytopathically purge virus from a cell population (neurons) that does not readily express MHC.
[ "9, 10" ]
The precision and efficacy of this process is best exemplified by the ability of memory T cells to operate within the confines of the immunologically specialized CNS and noncytopathically purge virus from a cell population (neurons) that does not readily express MHC.
true
true
true
true
true
7,570
6
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "bib9", "bib10" ]
16,847,068
pmid-1891717|pmid-1610569
Thus, clearance of a persistent viral infection from the CNS is attainable.
[ "9", "10" ]
75
43,756
0
false
Thus, clearance of a persistent viral infection from the CNS is attainable.
[]
Thus, clearance of a persistent viral infection from the CNS is attainable.
true
true
true
true
true
7,570
6
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "bib9", "bib10" ]
16,847,068
pmid-1891717|pmid-1610569
In this study, we demonstrated that adoptive immunotherapy influenced DC activity within the CNS, and the success of this therapeutic intervention was dependent on this potent APC subset.
[ "9", "10" ]
187
43,757
0
false
In this study, we demonstrated that adoptive immunotherapy influenced DC activity within the CNS, and the success of this therapeutic intervention was dependent on this potent APC subset.
[]
In this study, we demonstrated that adoptive immunotherapy influenced DC activity within the CNS, and the success of this therapeutic intervention was dependent on this potent APC subset.
true
true
true
true
true
7,570
6
DISCUSSION
1
9
[ "bib9", "bib10" ]
16,847,068
pmid-1891717|pmid-1610569
Therefore, we propose that a therapeutic enhancement of DC recruitment into the CNS may provide an excellent strategy to promote (or accelerate) the clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[ "9", "10" ]
191
43,758
0
false
Therefore, we propose that a therapeutic enhancement of DC recruitment into the CNS may provide an excellent strategy to promote (or accelerate) the clearance of a persistent viral infection.
[]
Therefore, we propose that a therapeutic enhancement of DC recruitment into the CNS may provide an excellent strategy to promote (or accelerate) the clearance of a persistent viral infection.
true
true
true
true
true
7,570
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana.
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
121
43,759
0
false
Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana.
[]
Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
ACPs usually have two components and these are the cystic and solid polypoid parts (1-4).
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
89
43,760
0
false
ACPs usually have two components and these are the cystic and solid polypoid parts.
[ "1-4" ]
ACPs usually have two components and these are the cystic and solid polypoid parts.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
ACPs are almost always unilateral, although bilateral ACPs have been reported in literature (5, 6).
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
99
43,761
0
false
ACPs are almost always unilateral, although bilateral ACPs have been reported in literature.
[ "5, 6" ]
ACPs are almost always unilateral, although bilateral ACPs have been reported in literature.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
They most commonly occur in children and young adults.
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
54
43,762
0
false
They most commonly occur in children and young adults.
[]
They most commonly occur in children and young adults.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
The most common presenting symptoms are nasal obstruction and nasal drainage.
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
77
43,763
0
false
The most common presenting symptoms are nasal obstruction and nasal drainage.
[]
The most common presenting symptoms are nasal obstruction and nasal drainage.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are required for making the diagnosis and the treatment planning.
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
116
43,764
0
false
Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are required for making the diagnosis and the treatment planning.
[]
Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are required for making the diagnosis and the treatment planning.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
The differential diagnosis should include different causes of unilateral nasal obstruction and ipsilateral nasal masses (1-3).
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
126
43,765
0
false
The differential diagnosis should include different causes of unilateral nasal obstruction and ipsilateral nasal masses.
[ "1-3" ]
The differential diagnosis should include different causes of unilateral nasal obstruction and ipsilateral nasal masses.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
0
INTRODUCTION
1
1
[ "B1", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B1", "B3" ]
20,607,082
pmid-10190590|pmid-8344181|pmid-11485589|pmid-8730368|pmid-10190590|pmid-12242136
ACPs are treated with surgery.
[ "1", "4", "5", "6", "1", "3" ]
30
43,766
0
false
ACPs are treated with surgery.
[]
ACPs are treated with surgery.
true
true
true
true
true
7,571
1
INTRODUCTION
0
null
null
20,607,082
null
The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, the preoperative evaluation, pathology, differential diagnosis, treatment and complications of ACPs.
null
195
43,767
0
false
null
null
The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, the preoperative evaluation, pathology, differential diagnosis, treatment and complications of ACPs.
true
true
true
true
true
7,572
0
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
Observations made in patients with CML and concomitant type 2 diabetes suggest that imatinib might have a beneficial effect on diabetes (10,11).
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
144
43,768
0
false
Observations made in patients with CML and concomitant type 2 diabetes suggest that imatinib might have a beneficial effect on diabetes.
[ "10,11" ]
Observations made in patients with CML and concomitant type 2 diabetes suggest that imatinib might have a beneficial effect on diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
However, the observed reductions in blood glucose levels in patients with CML and type 2 diabetes might have been caused by nonspecific effects attributable to improved general health status achieved by treating CML with imatinib, and thus, those reports do not allow an assessment of the effect of imatinib on diabetes ...
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
327
43,769
0
false
However, the observed reductions in blood glucose levels in patients with CML and type 2 diabetes might have been caused by nonspecific effects attributable to improved general health status achieved by treating CML with imatinib, and thus, those reports do not allow an assessment of the effect of imatinib on diabetes ...
[]
However, the observed reductions in blood glucose levels in patients with CML and type 2 diabetes might have been caused by nonspecific effects attributable to improved general health status achieved by treating CML with imatinib, and thus, those reports do not allow an assessment of the effect of imatinib on diabetes ...
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
33
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
Furthermore, one study concluded that imatinib has no effect on human type 2 diabetes (33).
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
91
43,770
1
false
Furthermore, one study concluded that imatinib has no effect on human type 2 diabetes.
[ "33" ]
Furthermore, one study concluded that imatinib has no effect on human type 2 diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
While this work was in preparation, a study showing the effect of imatinib on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was published (34).
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
141
43,771
1
false
While this work was in preparation, a study showing the effect of imatinib on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was published.
[ "34" ]
While this work was in preparation, a study showing the effect of imatinib on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance was published.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
However, the mechanism of the amelioration of the insulin resistance by imatinib was not investigated, and the effect of imatinib on diabetic db/db mice with elevated blood glucose levels was not tested.
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
203
43,772
0
false
However, the mechanism of the amelioration of the insulin resistance by imatinib was not investigated, and the effect of imatinib on diabetic db/db mice with elevated blood glucose levels was not tested.
[]
However, the mechanism of the amelioration of the insulin resistance by imatinib was not investigated, and the effect of imatinib on diabetic db/db mice with elevated blood glucose levels was not tested.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
34
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
In fact, imatinib administration increased blood glucose levels in rats on high-fat diet (34).
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
94
43,773
1
false
In fact, imatinib administration increased blood glucose levels in rats on high-fat diet.
[ "34" ]
In fact, imatinib administration increased blood glucose levels in rats on high-fat diet.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
0
DISCUSSION
1
10
[ "r10", "r11", "r33", "r34", "r34" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15758023|NA|pmid-17490925|NA|NA
The present study clearly demonstrates that imatinib dramatically reduces elevated blood glucose levels and has therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes, at least in this animal model.
[ "10", "11", "33", "34", "34" ]
182
43,774
0
false
The present study clearly demonstrates that imatinib dramatically reduces elevated blood glucose levels and has therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes, at least in this animal model.
[]
The present study clearly demonstrates that imatinib dramatically reduces elevated blood glucose levels and has therapeutic effects on type 2 diabetes, at least in this animal model.
true
true
true
true
true
7,573
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
In addition to the remission of diabetes, imatinib administration induced a small but significant decrease of body weight and food intake in db/db mice.
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
152
43,775
0
false
In addition to the remission of diabetes, imatinib administration induced a small but significant decrease of body weight and food intake in db/db mice.
[]
In addition to the remission of diabetes, imatinib administration induced a small but significant decrease of body weight and food intake in db/db mice.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
Such effects might be due to the improved anorexigenic effect of insulin caused by increased insulin sensitivity after imatinib administration (35).
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
148
43,776
1
false
Such effects might be due to the improved anorexigenic effect of insulin caused by increased insulin sensitivity after imatinib administration.
[ "35" ]
Such effects might be due to the improved anorexigenic effect of insulin caused by increased insulin sensitivity after imatinib administration.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
Possible direct effect of imatinib on the hypothalamus or systemic toxic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated as potential causes of the decreased body weight.
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
162
43,777
0
false
Possible direct effect of imatinib on the hypothalamus or systemic toxic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated as potential causes of the decreased body weight.
[]
Possible direct effect of imatinib on the hypothalamus or systemic toxic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated as potential causes of the decreased body weight.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
However, we consider that the possibility of systemic toxicity is quite low because the dose of imatinib used in this investigation was much lower than that used in animal models of cancer (8,20).
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
196
43,778
0
false
However, we consider that the possibility of systemic toxicity is quite low because the dose of imatinib used in this investigation was much lower than that used in animal models of cancer.
[ "8,20" ]
However, we consider that the possibility of systemic toxicity is quite low because the dose of imatinib used in this investigation was much lower than that used in animal models of cancer.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
Moreover, imatinib administration did not affect the body weight or food intake of C57BL/6 mice.
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
96
43,779
0
false
Moreover, imatinib administration did not affect the body weight or food intake of C57BL/6 mice.
[]
Moreover, imatinib administration did not affect the body weight or food intake of C57BL/6 mice.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
1
DISCUSSION
1
35
[ "r35", "r8", "r20" ]
19,171,749
pmid-15591151|pmid-8616716|pmid-14695158
Histological analysis of the major organs and blood cell/chemistry profiles produced no evidence of systemic toxicity, further supporting the absence of significant systemic toxicity.
[ "35", "8", "20" ]
183
43,780
0
false
Histological analysis of the major organs and blood cell/chemistry profiles produced no evidence of systemic toxicity, further supporting the absence of significant systemic toxicity.
[]
Histological analysis of the major organs and blood cell/chemistry profiles produced no evidence of systemic toxicity, further supporting the absence of significant systemic toxicity.
true
true
true
true
true
7,574
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
Imatinib has been reported to affect glucose metabolism, e.g., it reduces glucose utilization by cancer cells (36,37).
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
118
43,781
0
false
Imatinib has been reported to affect glucose metabolism, e.g., it reduces glucose utilization by cancer cells.
[ "36,37" ]
Imatinib has been reported to affect glucose metabolism, e.g., it reduces glucose utilization by cancer cells.
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
37
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
In fact, this has been considered to be a mechanism of tumor regression by imatinib (37).
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
89
43,782
1
false
In fact, this has been considered to be a mechanism of tumor regression by imatinib.
[ "37" ]
In fact, this has been considered to be a mechanism of tumor regression by imatinib.
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
However, reduced glucose utilization cannot explain the improved glucose control in patients or animals with type 2 diabetes.
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
125
43,783
0
false
However, reduced glucose utilization cannot explain the improved glucose control in patients or animals with type 2 diabetes.
[]
However, reduced glucose utilization cannot explain the improved glucose control in patients or animals with type 2 diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
21
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
In the present study, we explored the possibility that endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation by imatinib induces the remission of diabetes because c-Abl or Bcr-Abl kinase has been reported to participate in cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (21) or in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by ...
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
369
43,784
1
false
In the present study, we explored the possibility that endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation by imatinib induces the remission of diabetes because c-Abl or Bcr-Abl kinase has been reported to participate in cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress or in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by reduc...
[ "21", "22" ]
In the present study, we explored the possibility that endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation by imatinib induces the remission of diabetes because c-Abl or Bcr-Abl kinase has been reported to participate in cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress or in the initiation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by reduc...
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
Consistent with our hypothesis, expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress molecules in insulin target tissues of db/db mice was markedly reduced by imatinib treatment.
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
168
43,785
0
false
Consistent with our hypothesis, expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress molecules in insulin target tissues of db/db mice was markedly reduced by imatinib treatment.
[]
Consistent with our hypothesis, expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress molecules in insulin target tissues of db/db mice was markedly reduced by imatinib treatment.
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
These effects of c-Abl kinase and its inhibitor imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are consistent with the abrogation of endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced cell death or JNK activation in c-Abl–null cells (21,25) and appear to be related to the localization of c-Abl kinase in endoplasmic reticulum and...
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
375
43,786
0
false
These effects of c-Abl kinase and its inhibitor imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are consistent with the abrogation of endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced cell death or JNK activation in c-Abl–null cells and appear to be related to the localization of c-Abl kinase in endoplasmic reticulum and mitocho...
[ "21,25", "21,22" ]
These effects of c-Abl kinase and its inhibitor imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are consistent with the abrogation of endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced cell death or JNK activation in c-Abl–null cells and appear to be related to the localization of c-Abl kinase in endoplasmic reticulum and mitocho...
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
6
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
Because endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to play an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance (6) and because chemical chaperones relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to reverse diabetes (38), our findings provide a rational explanation for the effect of imatinib on diabetes i...
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
333
43,787
1
false
Because endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to play an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and because chemical chaperones relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to reverse diabetes, our findings provide a rational explanation for the effect of imatinib on diabetes in db/db m...
[ "6", "38" ]
Because endoplasmic reticulum stress has been reported to play an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and because chemical chaperones relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress have been shown to reverse diabetes, our findings provide a rational explanation for the effect of imatinib on diabetes in db/db m...
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
39
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
A recent article suggested that activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress after imatinib is a cause of imatinib-induced cardiomyopathy (39).
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
141
43,788
1
false
A recent article suggested that activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress after imatinib is a cause of imatinib-induced cardiomyopathy.
[ "39" ]
A recent article suggested that activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress after imatinib is a cause of imatinib-induced cardiomyopathy.
true
true
true
true
true
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
However, the dose of imatinib used in that study (50–200 mg · kg−1 ·
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
68
43,789
0
false
However, the dose of imatinib used in that study (50–200 mg · kg−1 ·
[]
However, the dose of imatinib used in that study (50–200 mg · kg−1 ·
true
true
false
true
false
7,575
2
DISCUSSION
1
36
[ "r36", "r37", "r37", "r21", "r22", "r21", "r25", "r21", "r22", "r6", "r38", "r39" ]
19,171,749
pmid-11167806|pmid-15735728|pmid-15735728|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-11509666|pmid-8530447|pmid-11509666|pmid-16469868|pmid-15486293|pmid-16931765|pmid-16862153
day−1 for 3–6 weeks) was much higher than that used in this investigation, and the response to imatinib may be dose and tissue dependent.
[ "36", "37", "37", "21", "22", "21", "25", "21", "22", "6", "38", "39" ]
137
43,790
0
false
day−1 for 3–6 weeks) was much higher than that used in this investigation, and the response to imatinib may be dose and tissue dependent.
[]
day−1 for 3–6 weeks) was much higher than that used in this investigation, and the response to imatinib may be dose and tissue dependent.
false
true
true
true
false
7,575
3
DISCUSSION
1
30
[ "r30", "r31" ]
19,171,749
pmid-12583611|pmid-17268797
Increase of β-cell mass by imatinib treatment could be also attributable to the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cells that has been observed in obese subjects or animals with type 2 diabetes (30,31), although we did not explore this possibility further and the ultimate causal relationship between the imp...
[ "30", "31" ]
392
43,791
0
false
Increase of β-cell mass by imatinib treatment could be also attributable to the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cells that has been observed in obese subjects or animals with type 2 diabetes, although we did not explore this possibility further and the ultimate causal relationship between the improved gl...
[ "30,31" ]
Increase of β-cell mass by imatinib treatment could be also attributable to the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cells that has been observed in obese subjects or animals with type 2 diabetes, although we did not explore this possibility further and the ultimate causal relationship between the improved gl...
true
true
true
true
true
7,576
4
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress attenuation by imatinib are unknown.
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
106
43,792
0
false
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress attenuation by imatinib are unknown.
[]
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress attenuation by imatinib are unknown.
true
true
true
true
true
7,577
4
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
Changes in endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content by c-Abl or imatinib (22) may be involved in this modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by imatinib.
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
151
43,793
1
false
Changes in endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content by c-Abl or imatinib may be involved in this modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by imatinib.
[ "22" ]
Changes in endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content by c-Abl or imatinib may be involved in this modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by imatinib.
true
true
true
true
true
7,577
4
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
We observed the cell-intrinsic effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin and tunicamycin that are typical endoplasmic reticulum stressor agents inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum Ca2
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
214
43,794
0
false
We observed the cell-intrinsic effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin and tunicamycin that are typical endoplasmic reticulum stressor agents inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum Ca2
[]
We observed the cell-intrinsic effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsigargin and tunicamycin that are typical endoplasmic reticulum stressor agents inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum Ca2
true
true
false
true
false
7,577
4
DISCUSSION
1
40
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
-ATPase and posttranslational protein glycosylation at endoplasmic reticulum, respectively (40).
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
96
43,795
1
false
-ATPase and posttranslational protein glycosylation at endoplasmic reticulum, respectively.
[ "40" ]
-ATPase and posttranslational protein glycosylation at endoplasmic reticulum, respectively.
false
false
true
true
false
7,577
4
DISCUSSION
1
22
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
However, other indirect effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress may also play a role in the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo.
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
154
43,796
0
false
However, other indirect effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress may also play a role in the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo.
[]
However, other indirect effects of imatinib on endoplasmic reticulum stress may also play a role in the reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo.
true
true
true
true
true
7,577
4
DISCUSSION
1
41
[ "r22", "r40", "r41", "r42" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16469868|pmid-15793234|pmid-16174751|NA
For instance, imatinib has been reported to inhibit TNF-α production in the liver (41) that may be related to endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in obesity-induced insulin resistance (42).
[ "22", "40", "41", "42" ]
191
43,797
1
false
For instance, imatinib has been reported to inhibit TNF-α production in the liver that may be related to endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in obesity-induced insulin resistance.
[ "41", "42" ]
For instance, imatinib has been reported to inhibit TNF-α production in the liver that may be related to endoplasmic reticulum stress observed in obesity-induced insulin resistance.
true
true
true
true
true
7,577
5
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "r23", "r27", "r26", "r25", "r43", "r44" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16200199|pmid-11606564|pmid-12021410|pmid-8530447|pmid-16076903|pmid-12560071
The decreased JNK activation by imatinib observed in the liver of db/db mice is consistent with amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and an increase in insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 Tyr612 or Akt Thr308, because JNK activation is an important part in endoplasmic...
[ "23", "27", "26", "25", "43", "44" ]
466
43,798
1
false
The decreased JNK activation by imatinib observed in the liver of db/db mice is consistent with amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and an increase in insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 Tyr612 or Akt Thr308, because JNK activation is an important part in endoplasmic...
[ "23", "27" ]
The decreased JNK activation by imatinib observed in the liver of db/db mice is consistent with amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced IRS-1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and an increase in insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1 Tyr612 or Akt Thr308, because JNK activation is an important part in endoplasmic...
true
true
true
true
true
7,578
5
DISCUSSION
1
26
[ "r23", "r27", "r26", "r25", "r43", "r44" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16200199|pmid-11606564|pmid-12021410|pmid-8530447|pmid-16076903|pmid-12560071
These results are also consistent with previous reports showing reduced JNK activation in leukemic cells by imatinib (26) or those reporting a critical role for c-Abl kinase in JNK activation by anticancer agents or growth factors (25,43).
[ "23", "27", "26", "25", "43", "44" ]
239
43,799
1
false
These results are also consistent with previous reports showing reduced JNK activation in leukemic cells by imatinib or those reporting a critical role for c-Abl kinase in JNK activation by anticancer agents or growth factors.
[ "26", "25,43" ]
These results are also consistent with previous reports showing reduced JNK activation in leukemic cells by imatinib or those reporting a critical role for c-Abl kinase in JNK activation by anticancer agents or growth factors.
true
true
true
true
true
7,578
5
DISCUSSION
1
44
[ "r23", "r27", "r26", "r25", "r43", "r44" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16200199|pmid-11606564|pmid-12021410|pmid-8530447|pmid-16076903|pmid-12560071
However, these findings are at odds with those of another study reporting decreased constitutive IRS-1 signaling after imatinib treatment of leukemic cells (44).
[ "23", "27", "26", "25", "43", "44" ]
161
43,800
1
false
However, these findings are at odds with those of another study reporting decreased constitutive IRS-1 signaling after imatinib treatment of leukemic cells.
[ "44" ]
However, these findings are at odds with those of another study reporting decreased constitutive IRS-1 signaling after imatinib treatment of leukemic cells.
true
true
true
true
true
7,578
5
DISCUSSION
1
23
[ "r23", "r27", "r26", "r25", "r43", "r44" ]
19,171,749
pmid-16200199|pmid-11606564|pmid-12021410|pmid-8530447|pmid-16076903|pmid-12560071
The effect of imatinib on constitutive IRS-1 signaling in cancer cells might differ from that on insulin-induced IRS-1 signaling in insulin target tissues.
[ "23", "27", "26", "25", "43", "44" ]
155
43,801
0
false
The effect of imatinib on constitutive IRS-1 signaling in cancer cells might differ from that on insulin-induced IRS-1 signaling in insulin target tissues.
[]
The effect of imatinib on constitutive IRS-1 signaling in cancer cells might differ from that on insulin-induced IRS-1 signaling in insulin target tissues.
true
true
true
true
true
7,578
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
The above findings suggest the possibility that the target of imatinib involved in the improvement of diabetes in db/db mice is c-Abl kinase itself.
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
148
43,802
0
false
The above findings suggest the possibility that the target of imatinib involved in the improvement of diabetes in db/db mice is c-Abl kinase itself.
[]
The above findings suggest the possibility that the target of imatinib involved in the improvement of diabetes in db/db mice is c-Abl kinase itself.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
This speculation is supported by a previous observation that downregulation of c-Abl mRNA by siRNA protected insulinoma cells from cytokine-induced death (13).
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
159
43,803
1
false
This speculation is supported by a previous observation that downregulation of c-Abl mRNA by siRNA protected insulinoma cells from cytokine-induced death.
[ "13" ]
This speculation is supported by a previous observation that downregulation of c-Abl mRNA by siRNA protected insulinoma cells from cytokine-induced death.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
Imatinib was originally developed as a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase, however, other targets have been identified, such as Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinases (9,45).
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
189
43,804
0
false
Imatinib was originally developed as a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase, however, other targets have been identified, such as Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinases.
[ "9,45" ]
Imatinib was originally developed as a specific inhibitor of Abl kinase, however, other targets have been identified, such as Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinases.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
Hence, the existence of other molecular species that mediate the antidiabetic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated.
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
118
43,805
0
false
Hence, the existence of other molecular species that mediate the antidiabetic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated.
[]
Hence, the existence of other molecular species that mediate the antidiabetic effect of imatinib cannot be eliminated.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
Because imatinib was initially developed for life-threatening diseases and has common side effects that may prevent its development as an antidiabetic agent, it is unclear whether imatinib or its related compounds could be used as therapeutic agents against diabetes.
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
267
43,806
0
false
Because imatinib was initially developed for life-threatening diseases and has common side effects that may prevent its development as an antidiabetic agent, it is unclear whether imatinib or its related compounds could be used as therapeutic agents against diabetes.
[]
Because imatinib was initially developed for life-threatening diseases and has common side effects that may prevent its development as an antidiabetic agent, it is unclear whether imatinib or its related compounds could be used as therapeutic agents against diabetes.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
6
DISCUSSION
1
13
[ "r13", "r9", "r45" ]
19,171,749
pmid-17135364|pmid-15007386|pmid-10991971
However, if more specific inhibitors of Abl kinase could be developed or new molecular targets of imatinib mediating its antidiabetic effects could be identified, they would provide excellent bases for the development of new antidiabetic agents.
[ "13", "9", "45" ]
245
43,807
0
false
However, if more specific inhibitors of Abl kinase could be developed or new molecular targets of imatinib mediating its antidiabetic effects could be identified, they would provide excellent bases for the development of new antidiabetic agents.
[]
However, if more specific inhibitors of Abl kinase could be developed or new molecular targets of imatinib mediating its antidiabetic effects could be identified, they would provide excellent bases for the development of new antidiabetic agents.
true
true
true
true
true
7,579
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
We employed a concurrent nested mixed methods research design (QUAN qual) in a crossectional study conducted in four primary health care centers in the city of Lusaka aimed at comparing the validity of the SRQ-10 against that of the SRQ-20 and GHQ-12 in the screening for mental distress.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
288
43,808
0
false
We employed a concurrent nested mixed methods research design (QUAN qual) in a crossectional study conducted in four primary health care centers in the city of Lusaka aimed at comparing the validity of the SRQ-10 against that of the SRQ-20 and GHQ-12 in the screening for mental distress.
[]
We employed a concurrent nested mixed methods research design (QUAN qual) in a crossectional study conducted in four primary health care centers in the city of Lusaka aimed at comparing the validity of the SRQ-10 against that of the SRQ-20 and GHQ-12 in the screening for mental distress.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
DSM-IV was used as the gold standard.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
37
43,809
0
false
DSM-IV was used as the gold standard.
[]
DSM-IV was used as the gold standard.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
Overall the SRQ-10 showed good criterion validity at the optimum cut off point of 6/7 with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.96 with good sensitivity and specificity (0.85 and 0.94 respectively).
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
200
43,810
0
false
Overall the SRQ-10 showed good criterion validity at the optimum cut off point of 6/7 with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.96 with good sensitivity and specificity (0.85 and 0.94 respectively).
[]
Overall the SRQ-10 showed good criterion validity at the optimum cut off point of 6/7 with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.96 with good sensitivity and specificity (0.85 and 0.94 respectively).
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
It was highly correlated to the SRQ-20 and only modestly to GHQ-12.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
67
43,811
0
false
It was highly correlated to the SRQ-20 and only modestly to GHQ-12.
[]
It was highly correlated to the SRQ-20 and only modestly to GHQ-12.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
(0.85 vs. 0.52)
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
15
43,812
0
false
(0.85 vs. 0.52)
[]
(0.85 vs. 0.52)
false
false
false
true
false
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
The SRQ-10 was also found to have good face validity.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
53
43,813
0
false
The SRQ-10 was also found to have good face validity.
[]
The SRQ-10 was also found to have good face validity.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
Content invalidity was found surrounding the anxiety items (Frightened, hands-shaking and nervous) and some somatic items (Headache, abdominal symptoms and tiredness).
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
167
43,814
0
false
Content invalidity was found surrounding the anxiety items (Frightened, hands-shaking and nervous) and some somatic items (Headache, abdominal symptoms and tiredness).
[]
Content invalidity was found surrounding the anxiety items (Frightened, hands-shaking and nervous) and some somatic items (Headache, abdominal symptoms and tiredness).
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
This was attributed mostly to conceptualization and to a less extent Language and motives.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
90
43,815
0
false
This was attributed mostly to conceptualization and to a less extent Language and motives.
[]
This was attributed mostly to conceptualization and to a less extent Language and motives.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
The prevalence of mental distress was found to be 13.6% compared with 15.3% based in the SRQ-10.
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
96
43,816
0
false
The prevalence of mental distress was found to be 13.6% compared with 15.3% based in the SRQ-10.
[]
The prevalence of mental distress was found to be 13.6% compared with 15.3% based in the SRQ-10.
true
true
true
true
true
7,580
0
DISCUSSION
1
16
[ "R16", "R28", "R29" ]
20,498,698
pmid-19689799|pmid-5778192|pmid-2346832
This point prevalence is close to what was found in a population survey conducted in Zambia [16], and falls within the range of reported prevalence of mental distress in the region
[ "16", "28", "29" ]
180
43,817
1
false
This point prevalence is close to what was found in a population survey conducted in Zambia, and falls within the range of reported prevalence of mental distress in the region
[ "16" ]
This point prevalence is close to what was found in a population survey conducted in Zambia, and falls within the range of reported prevalence of mental distress in the region
true
true
false
true
false
7,580
1
DISCUSSION
1
1
[ "R1", "R11", "R10", "R15", "R2", "R19", "R30", "R32", "R29", "R32", "R33" ]
20,498,698
NA|pmid-3955316|pmid-6850176|pmid-18055019|NA|pmid-9122299|pmid-2237610|pmid-8339539|pmid-2346832|pmid-8339539|pmid-15300371
We compared the abbreviated SRQ-10 with the widely validated SRQ-20.
[ "1", "11", "10", "15", "2", "19", "30", "32", "29", "32", "33" ]
68
43,818
0
false
We compared the abbreviated SRQ-10 with the widely validated SRQ-20.
[]
We compared the abbreviated SRQ-10 with the widely validated SRQ-20.
true
true
true
true
true
7,581