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PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5266.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5252.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5263.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5261.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5256.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5260.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5265.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5267.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5264.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5259.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5258.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g003_5253.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Comparison of High-Resolution (8 μm) and More Rapid (27 μm) Virtual Histology Techniques(A–D) Wild-type E12.5 embryo scanned at 8-μm resolution. (A) Orientation of the planes of section. (B) Sagittal plane. (C) Coronal plane. (D) Axial plane.(E–H) The same embryo as in (A–D), scanned by a more rapid protocol at 27-μm resolution. Most of the features present at 8-μm resolution are also appreciable at the lower 27-μm resolution.(I–P) Comparison of segmentation analysis of cardiac chambers for the 8-μm and 27-μm scans, respectively. The right atrium is teal, the right ventricle is blue, the left atrium is pink, the left ventricle is red, and the cardiac wall is transparent grey. A region of the right atrium that could not be segmented on the 27-μm scan is shown with a white asterisk (*).Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) represent 1.2 mm. Movies of sagittal, coronal, and axial planes corresponding to panels (B–D) are presented as Videos S1, S2, and S3.a, cardiac atrium; cc, central canal of the neural tube; fl, forelimb; sc, semicircular canal; v, cardiac ventricle. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5275.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5274.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5268.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5278.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5271.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5272.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5269.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1449902_pgen-0020061-g004_5270.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Phenotyping of Mutant Transgenic Embryos Using Segmentation AnalysisWild-type E11.5 embryo (A–E) compared to a mutant littermate (F–J) that expresses the Pax3:Fkhr oncogene in neural crest and myogenic tissue. (A and F) Isosurface renderings.(B–E) and (G–J) Segmentation renderings of cranial neural crest (grey), brain vesicles (red), liver (brown), cardiac muscle (blue), and the conotruncal cavity (red within the blue cardiac muscle). From the segmented renderings, the mutant embryo is noted to have partial neural tube closure failure resulting in absence of the hindbrain vesicle, overgrown midbrain mesenchyme (mm), as well as severely hypomorphic telencephalic vesicles (fv, shown in red). Movies of rotating renderings for mutant and wild-type embryos are presented as Videos S4 and S5.(K and L) MicroCT axial sections of the neural tube at the level of the forelimbs (dorsal surface is up) from wild-type and control embryos, respectively. Magnification of the neural tube is shown in the upper right insets of each panel. The sulcus limitans, which separates the dorsal and ventral neural tube, is shown as a red line. Severe blunting of the dorsal neural tube is evident in the mutant embryo.(M and N) Axial confocal microscopy sections from embryos of the same genotype and developmental stage as the corresponding axial cross-section as in panels (K and L), respectively. Sections were stained with the Pax7 immunohistochemical marker of the dorsal neural tube. Pax7-stained cells of the dorsal neural tube and flanking dermomyotome are white. The sulcus limitans is shown as a red line, confirming the dorsal neural tube blunting seen in the microCT sections.Scale bars in panels (B) and (F) are each 1.2 mm. |
PMC1450259_F1_5283.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Representative end-diastolic and end-systolic cine MR images of left ventricle (LV) from control and diabetic rats Typical slices of LV along the cardiac short axis obtained during end diastole and end systole from age-matched control and diabetic rats (8 weeks diabetes duration) are shown. The blood and the endocardium are clearly distinguished during both phases by the contrast provided by high resolution MRI. |
PMC1450259_F1_5284.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Representative end-diastolic and end-systolic cine MR images of left ventricle (LV) from control and diabetic rats Typical slices of LV along the cardiac short axis obtained during end diastole and end systole from age-matched control and diabetic rats (8 weeks diabetes duration) are shown. The blood and the endocardium are clearly distinguished during both phases by the contrast provided by high resolution MRI. |
PMC1450259_F1_5282.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Representative end-diastolic and end-systolic cine MR images of left ventricle (LV) from control and diabetic rats Typical slices of LV along the cardiac short axis obtained during end diastole and end systole from age-matched control and diabetic rats (8 weeks diabetes duration) are shown. The blood and the endocardium are clearly distinguished during both phases by the contrast provided by high resolution MRI. |
PMC1450266_F1_5286.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | CT scan showing soft tissue mass within atrium which is isodense with myocardium and appearing to arise from the atrial wall by a stalk. |
PMC1450278_F6_5287.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Typical Doppler image obtained from a uterine myoma. |
PMC1450288_F2_5288.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Contrast computed tomography scan image showing the inguinal tumor with heterogeneous enhancement (arrow). |
PMC1450292_F1_5296.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450292_F1_5293.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450292_F1_5295.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450292_F1_5290.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450292_F1_5291.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450292_F1_5292.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Femtosecond laser ablation. A. Diagram of laser surgery setup. Amplified femtosecond laser pulses are tightly focused by an objective lens (1.4 NA) to dissect targets positioned with a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. B. DiO-stained amphid dendrites before and after severing the middle dendrite using 3-nJ pulses without visibly affecting neighboring dendrites as close as 500 nm away. C. An example of a GFP-labeled AFD dendrite retracting after surgery using 6-nJ pulses. D. Confocal microscope image showing GFP-labeled AFD neurons the day after surgically severing one dendrite. The position of the cut along the dendrite is representative of all experiments. E. Phasmid DiO (pre-surgery) and DiI (post-surgery) staining 24 hours after surgery of the PHA dendrite. The PHA cell body does not absorb DiI because it is physically disconnected from its sensory endings. The cut in the dendrite is indicated with the arrow. |
PMC1450296_F1_5300.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F1_5303.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F1_5298.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F1_5297.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F1_5301.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F1_5299.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Detecting development of oocysts in Anopheles midguts. (A) Abdomen and dissected midgut of an infected A. stephensi mosquito with green fluorescent P. berghei. Note that single oocysts can be detected in the intact mosquito, while multiple oocysts give a blurred signal. (B) Oocyst derived fluorescence detected in a well infected living A. albimanus mosquito (left) and an isolated midgut (right) 26 days post infection. In the mosquito the fluorescence appears blurred due to the opaque nature of the abdomen's chitin. (C) Four representative photographs from midguts of infected A. albimanus, A. gambiae and A. stephensi mosquitoes. The days after the infectious blood meals are indicated. |
PMC1450296_F2_5304.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | In vivo imaging of sporozoites in the haemolymph. (A) Left panel: An A. stephensi mosquito immobilized on a glass-slide for microscopy observation. Note the fluorescent signal at the base of the wings indicating haemolymph sporozoites (arrowhead). Right panel: An enlarged view of an A. stephensi mosquito viewed from the abdominal side indicating the fluorescent signal from sporozoites in the salivary gland (arrow) and from sporozoites in the veins of the wing (arrowhead). (B) Detection of individual sporozoites in the haemolymph. A vein of the wing imaged with a red filter (568 nm excitation) shows the auto-fluorescent mosquito tissue. The same region imaged with 488 nm excitation light shows the specific green fluorescence of the sporozoites (arrows) as well as the auto-fluorescent tissue. See also movie 1. (C) Three time-lapse images taken 3 seconds apart show the passive movement of sporozoites within the haemolymph of the mosquito tibia. The color image represents three images taken 3 seconds apart, pseudo-colored and overlayed to illustrate the movement of the sporozoites (see also movie 2). (D) Unusually many sporozoites (green) in the haemolymph of an A. albimanus thorax at 26 days post infection. |
PMC1450296_F2_5305.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | In vivo imaging of sporozoites in the haemolymph. (A) Left panel: An A. stephensi mosquito immobilized on a glass-slide for microscopy observation. Note the fluorescent signal at the base of the wings indicating haemolymph sporozoites (arrowhead). Right panel: An enlarged view of an A. stephensi mosquito viewed from the abdominal side indicating the fluorescent signal from sporozoites in the salivary gland (arrow) and from sporozoites in the veins of the wing (arrowhead). (B) Detection of individual sporozoites in the haemolymph. A vein of the wing imaged with a red filter (568 nm excitation) shows the auto-fluorescent mosquito tissue. The same region imaged with 488 nm excitation light shows the specific green fluorescence of the sporozoites (arrows) as well as the auto-fluorescent tissue. See also movie 1. (C) Three time-lapse images taken 3 seconds apart show the passive movement of sporozoites within the haemolymph of the mosquito tibia. The color image represents three images taken 3 seconds apart, pseudo-colored and overlayed to illustrate the movement of the sporozoites (see also movie 2). (D) Unusually many sporozoites (green) in the haemolymph of an A. albimanus thorax at 26 days post infection. |
PMC1450296_F2_5310.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | In vivo imaging of sporozoites in the haemolymph. (A) Left panel: An A. stephensi mosquito immobilized on a glass-slide for microscopy observation. Note the fluorescent signal at the base of the wings indicating haemolymph sporozoites (arrowhead). Right panel: An enlarged view of an A. stephensi mosquito viewed from the abdominal side indicating the fluorescent signal from sporozoites in the salivary gland (arrow) and from sporozoites in the veins of the wing (arrowhead). (B) Detection of individual sporozoites in the haemolymph. A vein of the wing imaged with a red filter (568 nm excitation) shows the auto-fluorescent mosquito tissue. The same region imaged with 488 nm excitation light shows the specific green fluorescence of the sporozoites (arrows) as well as the auto-fluorescent tissue. See also movie 1. (C) Three time-lapse images taken 3 seconds apart show the passive movement of sporozoites within the haemolymph of the mosquito tibia. The color image represents three images taken 3 seconds apart, pseudo-colored and overlayed to illustrate the movement of the sporozoites (see also movie 2). (D) Unusually many sporozoites (green) in the haemolymph of an A. albimanus thorax at 26 days post infection. |
PMC1450296_F2_5309.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | In vivo imaging of sporozoites in the haemolymph. (A) Left panel: An A. stephensi mosquito immobilized on a glass-slide for microscopy observation. Note the fluorescent signal at the base of the wings indicating haemolymph sporozoites (arrowhead). Right panel: An enlarged view of an A. stephensi mosquito viewed from the abdominal side indicating the fluorescent signal from sporozoites in the salivary gland (arrow) and from sporozoites in the veins of the wing (arrowhead). (B) Detection of individual sporozoites in the haemolymph. A vein of the wing imaged with a red filter (568 nm excitation) shows the auto-fluorescent mosquito tissue. The same region imaged with 488 nm excitation light shows the specific green fluorescence of the sporozoites (arrows) as well as the auto-fluorescent tissue. See also movie 1. (C) Three time-lapse images taken 3 seconds apart show the passive movement of sporozoites within the haemolymph of the mosquito tibia. The color image represents three images taken 3 seconds apart, pseudo-colored and overlayed to illustrate the movement of the sporozoites (see also movie 2). (D) Unusually many sporozoites (green) in the haemolymph of an A. albimanus thorax at 26 days post infection. |
PMC1450296_F2_5308.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | In vivo imaging of sporozoites in the haemolymph. (A) Left panel: An A. stephensi mosquito immobilized on a glass-slide for microscopy observation. Note the fluorescent signal at the base of the wings indicating haemolymph sporozoites (arrowhead). Right panel: An enlarged view of an A. stephensi mosquito viewed from the abdominal side indicating the fluorescent signal from sporozoites in the salivary gland (arrow) and from sporozoites in the veins of the wing (arrowhead). (B) Detection of individual sporozoites in the haemolymph. A vein of the wing imaged with a red filter (568 nm excitation) shows the auto-fluorescent mosquito tissue. The same region imaged with 488 nm excitation light shows the specific green fluorescence of the sporozoites (arrows) as well as the auto-fluorescent tissue. See also movie 1. (C) Three time-lapse images taken 3 seconds apart show the passive movement of sporozoites within the haemolymph of the mosquito tibia. The color image represents three images taken 3 seconds apart, pseudo-colored and overlayed to illustrate the movement of the sporozoites (see also movie 2). (D) Unusually many sporozoites (green) in the haemolymph of an A. albimanus thorax at 26 days post infection. |
PMC1450297_F4_5314.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5318.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5324.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5326.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5323.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5322.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5320.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5325.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5315.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5316.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5321.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5319.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450297_F4_5313.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | In vivo growth of FaDu cells co-injected with murine fibroblasts. FaDu tumor cells (4 × 105 cells) were injected transcervically into the oral cavity of SCID mice alone or in combination with WT fibroblasts (8 × 105), MMP-2 null, MMP-9 null or MT1-MMP fibroblasts (8 × 105 (data not shown) or 1.2 × 106 cells). Measurements of tumor growth were taken at 10 days by ultrasound examination and at 14 days by histological sectioning of the mandible-tongue complex in the coronal plane (bar is 1 mm in coronal sections or 100 μM in histology) (A). Greatest cross sectional tumor area measurements were compared (B) for both groups. C, percent tumor formation in the orthotopic SCID mouse model over the two week observation period was equal to the number of tumors formed divided by number of mice (one injection per mouse with least 10 mice were injected per group). |
PMC1450299_F5_5328.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Abnormal mammary gland morphology. Photographs of HE stained sections of representative abdominal mammary glands of post-weaned multiparous mice with (A) normal mammary gland epithelium; (B) mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN); (C) hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) or adenosquamous adenoma; (D) adenosquamous carcinoma; (E) papillary carcinoma; (F) cribriform carcinoma; (G) adeno carcinoma; and (H) spindle cell carcinoma. All pictures are taken with the same magnification except (H), which is taken with a two times higher magnification. |
PMC1450299_F5_5330.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Abnormal mammary gland morphology. Photographs of HE stained sections of representative abdominal mammary glands of post-weaned multiparous mice with (A) normal mammary gland epithelium; (B) mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN); (C) hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) or adenosquamous adenoma; (D) adenosquamous carcinoma; (E) papillary carcinoma; (F) cribriform carcinoma; (G) adeno carcinoma; and (H) spindle cell carcinoma. All pictures are taken with the same magnification except (H), which is taken with a two times higher magnification. |
PMC1450299_F5_5331.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Abnormal mammary gland morphology. Photographs of HE stained sections of representative abdominal mammary glands of post-weaned multiparous mice with (A) normal mammary gland epithelium; (B) mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN); (C) hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) or adenosquamous adenoma; (D) adenosquamous carcinoma; (E) papillary carcinoma; (F) cribriform carcinoma; (G) adeno carcinoma; and (H) spindle cell carcinoma. All pictures are taken with the same magnification except (H), which is taken with a two times higher magnification. |
PMC1450299_F5_5333.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Abnormal mammary gland morphology. Photographs of HE stained sections of representative abdominal mammary glands of post-weaned multiparous mice with (A) normal mammary gland epithelium; (B) mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN); (C) hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) or adenosquamous adenoma; (D) adenosquamous carcinoma; (E) papillary carcinoma; (F) cribriform carcinoma; (G) adeno carcinoma; and (H) spindle cell carcinoma. All pictures are taken with the same magnification except (H), which is taken with a two times higher magnification. |
PMC1450313_F2_5337.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | (A) The immunofluorescence assay using anti-cytokeratin antibodies showing a positive staining of the 8d-old monolayer of the CPEC (scale bar 10 μm). (B) Transmission electron micrographs of cultured CPE cells demonstrating the ultrastructural features of a polarized epithelial cell monolayer such as a tightly apposed lateral membrane with complex apical junctions organized as a tight junction (TJ) association and complex lateral interdigitations (LI) at the basolateral side (scale bar 0.01 μm, magnification 125.000 ×). (C) Scanning electron micrograph showing a number of processes on the CPEC side which faced apical (upper) chamber (scale bar 2 μm, magnification 6000 ×). (D) Eight-day-old CPE cells grown on laminin-coated filters were stained with primary antibodies against occludin and then with FITC conjugated secondary antibodies. A continuous circumferential distribution of fluorescence consistent with the establishment of TJs in CPEC monolayers is shown. Scale bar 20 μm. |
PMC1450313_F2_5336.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | (A) The immunofluorescence assay using anti-cytokeratin antibodies showing a positive staining of the 8d-old monolayer of the CPEC (scale bar 10 μm). (B) Transmission electron micrographs of cultured CPE cells demonstrating the ultrastructural features of a polarized epithelial cell monolayer such as a tightly apposed lateral membrane with complex apical junctions organized as a tight junction (TJ) association and complex lateral interdigitations (LI) at the basolateral side (scale bar 0.01 μm, magnification 125.000 ×). (C) Scanning electron micrograph showing a number of processes on the CPEC side which faced apical (upper) chamber (scale bar 2 μm, magnification 6000 ×). (D) Eight-day-old CPE cells grown on laminin-coated filters were stained with primary antibodies against occludin and then with FITC conjugated secondary antibodies. A continuous circumferential distribution of fluorescence consistent with the establishment of TJs in CPEC monolayers is shown. Scale bar 20 μm. |
PMC1456953_F4_5341.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Intrafamilial variability of disease expression in the Q686X RP1 mutation. Comparison of visual field test and ocular fundus of patient II-6 with the asymptomatic III-6 member of the family, both carrying the mutation in the RP1 gene. |
PMC1456953_F4_5340.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Intrafamilial variability of disease expression in the Q686X RP1 mutation. Comparison of visual field test and ocular fundus of patient II-6 with the asymptomatic III-6 member of the family, both carrying the mutation in the RP1 gene. |
PMC1456963_F4_5343.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Thalidomide attenuates NO mediated migration in ECs: After the wound was created in confluent ECs, they were treated with 500μM SNP (NO donor) and incubated for 15 minutes at 37°C/5% CO2. Next, the cells were treated with 75 μg/ml thalidomide and incubated for another 15 minutes. Images of the wound-edge were taken at 0 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes with a 40× magnification objective lens mounted on Nikon TE2000-U inverted microscope. Arrows indicate the growing phases of the wounds after 15 minutes of incubation with SNP. Arrows in the middle panel indicates the growing phase of ECs under thalidomide treatment, while thalidomide arrests the SNP mediated migration of the cells after 15 minutes of thalidomide treatments (white arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F4_5342.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Thalidomide attenuates NO mediated migration in ECs: After the wound was created in confluent ECs, they were treated with 500μM SNP (NO donor) and incubated for 15 minutes at 37°C/5% CO2. Next, the cells were treated with 75 μg/ml thalidomide and incubated for another 15 minutes. Images of the wound-edge were taken at 0 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes with a 40× magnification objective lens mounted on Nikon TE2000-U inverted microscope. Arrows indicate the growing phases of the wounds after 15 minutes of incubation with SNP. Arrows in the middle panel indicates the growing phase of ECs under thalidomide treatment, while thalidomide arrests the SNP mediated migration of the cells after 15 minutes of thalidomide treatments (white arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F4_5344.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Thalidomide attenuates NO mediated migration in ECs: After the wound was created in confluent ECs, they were treated with 500μM SNP (NO donor) and incubated for 15 minutes at 37°C/5% CO2. Next, the cells were treated with 75 μg/ml thalidomide and incubated for another 15 minutes. Images of the wound-edge were taken at 0 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes with a 40× magnification objective lens mounted on Nikon TE2000-U inverted microscope. Arrows indicate the growing phases of the wounds after 15 minutes of incubation with SNP. Arrows in the middle panel indicates the growing phase of ECs under thalidomide treatment, while thalidomide arrests the SNP mediated migration of the cells after 15 minutes of thalidomide treatments (white arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5356.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5346.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5353.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5355.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5352.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5354.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456963_F10_5348.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Time-lapse imaging of thalidomide treated single EC tube structure. The tube was treated with 500 μmol SNP at 15th minute to find any further effect on the tube structure. No effect of either thalidomide or SNP was observed on the structure and morphology of the tube and the cells as well. However, thalidomide blocked the formation of filopodia, replacing them with broader protrusions on EC surface (arrows in the right panel). |
PMC1456964_F1_5357.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Computed tomography scan of the left thigh shows a large soft tissue mass involving the vastus lateralis muscle. |
PMC1456964_F2_5361.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Magnetic tomography imaging (A) axial T1-weighted, (B) T2-weigthed, and (C) coronal T1-weighted views show a well-circumscribed heterogeneous soft tissue mass within the left vastus lateralis muscle. |
PMC1456964_F2_5359.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Magnetic tomography imaging (A) axial T1-weighted, (B) T2-weigthed, and (C) coronal T1-weighted views show a well-circumscribed heterogeneous soft tissue mass within the left vastus lateralis muscle. |
PMC1456964_F2_5360.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Magnetic tomography imaging (A) axial T1-weighted, (B) T2-weigthed, and (C) coronal T1-weighted views show a well-circumscribed heterogeneous soft tissue mass within the left vastus lateralis muscle. |
PMC1456964_F2_5358.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Magnetic tomography imaging (A) axial T1-weighted, (B) T2-weigthed, and (C) coronal T1-weighted views show a well-circumscribed heterogeneous soft tissue mass within the left vastus lateralis muscle. |
PMC1456964_F3_5364.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | Photograph of the gross specimen excised shows a compact fibrous and lobulated soft tissue tumour. |
PMC1456964_F3_5363.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Photograph of the gross specimen excised shows a compact fibrous and lobulated soft tissue tumour. |
PMC1456967_F3_5372.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5375.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5366.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5370.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5371.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5373.jpg | What is shown in this image? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5369.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456967_F3_5368.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | RNA in-situ hybridization of lungs with S100A8 and S100A9. Panels A and F represent 20 day-old congenic C57BL/6J CF lung sections stained with a sense probe for S100A8 and S100A9, respectively. The panels are representative of S100A8 antisense hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (B), Bc-CF (C), B6–WT (D) and B6-CF (E) mouse lungs, and S100A9 antisense probe hybridized sections of 20 day-old Bc-WT (G), Bc-CF (H), B6–WT (I) and B6-CF (J) mouse lungs. Panels K and L show a absence of staining for S100A8 in endothelial cells and macrophage of 20 day-old B6-CF lungs, respectively. Panels A-J are shown at 40X magnification and panels K and L are at 60× magnification. |
PMC1456968_F4_5379.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Inhalation of salmeterol does not influence inflammation in NTHi infected lungs. Mice inhaled vehicle (A, C) or salmeterol (B, D) before intranasal inoculation with 107 CFU NTHi. Mice (n = 4 per group) were sacrificed 6 (A, B) and 48 hours (C, D) post-infection and whole lungs were examined for inflammation. At 6 h post-infection, all mice displayed mild inflammation while at 48 h lung inflammation was more pronounced and diffuse. The inflammation scored did not reveal a difference between vehicle and salmeterol treated animals at both timepoints. H&E staining, magnification 10×. |
PMC1456968_F4_5377.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Inhalation of salmeterol does not influence inflammation in NTHi infected lungs. Mice inhaled vehicle (A, C) or salmeterol (B, D) before intranasal inoculation with 107 CFU NTHi. Mice (n = 4 per group) were sacrificed 6 (A, B) and 48 hours (C, D) post-infection and whole lungs were examined for inflammation. At 6 h post-infection, all mice displayed mild inflammation while at 48 h lung inflammation was more pronounced and diffuse. The inflammation scored did not reveal a difference between vehicle and salmeterol treated animals at both timepoints. H&E staining, magnification 10×. |
PMC1456968_F4_5378.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Inhalation of salmeterol does not influence inflammation in NTHi infected lungs. Mice inhaled vehicle (A, C) or salmeterol (B, D) before intranasal inoculation with 107 CFU NTHi. Mice (n = 4 per group) were sacrificed 6 (A, B) and 48 hours (C, D) post-infection and whole lungs were examined for inflammation. At 6 h post-infection, all mice displayed mild inflammation while at 48 h lung inflammation was more pronounced and diffuse. The inflammation scored did not reveal a difference between vehicle and salmeterol treated animals at both timepoints. H&E staining, magnification 10×. |
PMC1456989_F2_5383.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Cross sections of fibres in M. longissimus dorsi. Combined ATPase/NADH-TR reaction was used to identify STO, FTO and FTG fibres (a) while NADH-TR reaction was used to identify red, intermediate and white fibres as well as angular and giant fibres (b, c, d). For the identification of the capillaries the alkaline phosphatase reaction was used (e). Magnification: 200× (a-d); 100× (e). |
PMC1456989_F2_5380.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Cross sections of fibres in M. longissimus dorsi. Combined ATPase/NADH-TR reaction was used to identify STO, FTO and FTG fibres (a) while NADH-TR reaction was used to identify red, intermediate and white fibres as well as angular and giant fibres (b, c, d). For the identification of the capillaries the alkaline phosphatase reaction was used (e). Magnification: 200× (a-d); 100× (e). |
PMC1456989_F2_5384.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Cross sections of fibres in M. longissimus dorsi. Combined ATPase/NADH-TR reaction was used to identify STO, FTO and FTG fibres (a) while NADH-TR reaction was used to identify red, intermediate and white fibres as well as angular and giant fibres (b, c, d). For the identification of the capillaries the alkaline phosphatase reaction was used (e). Magnification: 200× (a-d); 100× (e). |
PMC1456989_F2_5381.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Cross sections of fibres in M. longissimus dorsi. Combined ATPase/NADH-TR reaction was used to identify STO, FTO and FTG fibres (a) while NADH-TR reaction was used to identify red, intermediate and white fibres as well as angular and giant fibres (b, c, d). For the identification of the capillaries the alkaline phosphatase reaction was used (e). Magnification: 200× (a-d); 100× (e). |
PMC1457013_pbio-0040158-g005_5389.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Brain Activity and Performance during Runs in the Scanner Averaged across Participants(A) Median hit time and path index as a function of time; arrowheads delimit the period used in fMRI analyses. Vertical lines indicate mean time for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd target hit with both maps (horizontal bar gives ± 1 SD).(B) Median hand-asymmetry index for horizontal (thick lines) and twist (thin lines) forces computed for a ±1-s sliding time window. Inset shows for each participant median indices for the delimited period plotted against each other.(C) Areas with stronger BOLD responses for left-hand map (LH-map > RH-map) and right-hand map (RH-map > LH-map). The surface rendered diagrams, based on single-participant standardized brain template in SPM2, do not indicate precisely locations of cortical activations since they may extend deep into sulci. See further
Table 1. R, right; L, left; A, anterior; P, posterior.
Top and bottom histograms give the percent BOLD signal change relative to mean of session as a function of mapping rule within the cortical and cerebellar cluster, respectively, for each contrast. Height of bars gives data averaged across participants and symbols joined by lines represent data from an individual participants. |
PMC1457013_pbio-0040158-g005_5386.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Brain Activity and Performance during Runs in the Scanner Averaged across Participants(A) Median hit time and path index as a function of time; arrowheads delimit the period used in fMRI analyses. Vertical lines indicate mean time for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd target hit with both maps (horizontal bar gives ± 1 SD).(B) Median hand-asymmetry index for horizontal (thick lines) and twist (thin lines) forces computed for a ±1-s sliding time window. Inset shows for each participant median indices for the delimited period plotted against each other.(C) Areas with stronger BOLD responses for left-hand map (LH-map > RH-map) and right-hand map (RH-map > LH-map). The surface rendered diagrams, based on single-participant standardized brain template in SPM2, do not indicate precisely locations of cortical activations since they may extend deep into sulci. See further
Table 1. R, right; L, left; A, anterior; P, posterior.
Top and bottom histograms give the percent BOLD signal change relative to mean of session as a function of mapping rule within the cortical and cerebellar cluster, respectively, for each contrast. Height of bars gives data averaged across participants and symbols joined by lines represent data from an individual participants. |
PMC1457013_pbio-0040158-g006_5391.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Premotor Cortical Areas with Increased BOLD Responses with Both the Left- and the Right-Hand Map Overlaid on Coronal Slices of the MNI T1-Weighted Brain TemplateFor the left hemisphere (L), significant activations (
p < 0.01, FWE-corrected) occurred in one cluster (443 voxels) with two maxima in precentral gyrus (#2 and #4; BA 6), in one single-peak cluster (153 voxels) in superior frontal gyrus (#3; BA 6), in one cluster (281 voxels) with two maxima in medial frontal gyrus (#5 and #6; BA 6), and in one small single-peak cluster (29 voxels) in left inferior frontal gyrus (#1; BA 44). In the right hemisphere (R), there was one cluster (303 voxels) with three maxima, one of which was located in the precentral gyrus outside the cluster delineated by left-hand-map > right-hand-map contrast (#7; BA 6). Solid black lines in the left and right hemisphere outline the clusters identified with the right-hand-map > left-hand-map and left-hand-map > right-hand-map contrasts, respectively (see
Figure 4C). Histograms give percent BOLD signal change relative to mean of session for the local maxima of identified clusters. Red and blue columns refer to left- and right-hand maps, respectively. Column height gives data averaged across participants and error bar ± 1SEM (
n = 16). Coordinates (X, Y, Z in MNI stereotaxic space) and
t
(30) values for the maxima are presented below each histogram.
|
PMC1457013_pbio-0040158-g006_5394.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Premotor Cortical Areas with Increased BOLD Responses with Both the Left- and the Right-Hand Map Overlaid on Coronal Slices of the MNI T1-Weighted Brain TemplateFor the left hemisphere (L), significant activations (
p < 0.01, FWE-corrected) occurred in one cluster (443 voxels) with two maxima in precentral gyrus (#2 and #4; BA 6), in one single-peak cluster (153 voxels) in superior frontal gyrus (#3; BA 6), in one cluster (281 voxels) with two maxima in medial frontal gyrus (#5 and #6; BA 6), and in one small single-peak cluster (29 voxels) in left inferior frontal gyrus (#1; BA 44). In the right hemisphere (R), there was one cluster (303 voxels) with three maxima, one of which was located in the precentral gyrus outside the cluster delineated by left-hand-map > right-hand-map contrast (#7; BA 6). Solid black lines in the left and right hemisphere outline the clusters identified with the right-hand-map > left-hand-map and left-hand-map > right-hand-map contrasts, respectively (see
Figure 4C). Histograms give percent BOLD signal change relative to mean of session for the local maxima of identified clusters. Red and blue columns refer to left- and right-hand maps, respectively. Column height gives data averaged across participants and error bar ± 1SEM (
n = 16). Coordinates (X, Y, Z in MNI stereotaxic space) and
t
(30) values for the maxima are presented below each histogram.
|
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