image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC3356905_fig5_138846.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Intense uptake of [18F]FDG (a) and 99mTc-DMSA (V) (c) is seen at the primary site in the Rt femur along with the lung nodule in the left lung lower lobe. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4596512_Fig2_430732.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Liver tissue was obtained by percutaneous liver biopsy of the proband. a Hematein Phloxin Safran (HPS) coloration showing collagen fibrosis around hepatocytes with numerous round eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions; (b) PAS staining with diastase digestion showing abundant hyaline globules containing A1AT accumulated within periportal hepatocytes; (c) Immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody to A1AT |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3360649_pone-0038106-g002_139502.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Subcellular localization of PvPAPs fused to GFP protein in onion epidermal cells.The top two rows show the empty vector control before and after plasmolyzing, followed by PvPAP1-GFP, PvPAP2-GFP, PvPAP4-GFP, and PvPAP5-GFP constructs before and after plasmolyzing. Cells were observed by green GFP fluorescence of the GFP and the PvPAP-GFP proteins and red propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence of the cell wall. Bars = 100 µm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4262285_pone-0113847-g004_343296.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Lower m1s of Arboroharamiya jenkinsi (STM33-9).A–A1, Occlusal view of the right m1. B–B1, Lingual view of the right m1. C–C1, Buccal view of the right m1. D, Lingual view of the left m1. E, Occlusal view of the left m1 (slightly tilted). F, Close-up view showing the wear facets on the lingual side of the lingual (row a) cusps. A1–B1 are SEM photographs. All images are on the same scale except for F. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4402572_fig10_379167.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Result of brain extraction on a T1 MR image in an axial plane. (a) shows the original T1-W MRI. (b) depicts the estimated brain mask. (c) presents an overlap of the brain mask and original MR image. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21388.jpg | which plane is this image in? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2832013_pone-0009536-g003_58442.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Comparison of H&E staining and high-resolution NIRF fluorescence imaging.(A) In spleen, NIRF signal was observed in large cells within the white pulp (bar, 500 µm). (B) In liver, the pattern was less obvious, but clearly heterogeneous (bar, 500 µm). (C) In heart, the muscle walls of the atria and ventricle showed no signal above background but the walls of the aorta showed significant signal (bar, 50 µm). (D) In kidney, high NIRF signal was found in the renal cortex (bar, 1 mm). All images were taken of tissues that were harvested 24 hours post nanoparticle injection. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4278836_pone-0115793-g003_347229.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | A 6-months girl with coarctation of the aorta (CoA), aortic dysplasia and ventricular septal defect (VSD).Prospective ECG-triggering high-pitch DSCT angiography was performed at 80 kV and 60 mAs/rotation (effective radiation dose, 0.24 mSv). (a) Axial multiplanar reformatted image shows VSD. (b) Thin-section oblique sagittal MIP and (c) volume-rendered image (posterior view) show coarctation of the aorta (white arrow) and aortic dysplasia. (d) Two dimensional echocardiography identified CoA, but it missed the aortic dysplasia. RV = right ventricle, LV = left ventricle, Ar = aortic arch, DA = descending aorta. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2670842_F3_37559.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Colonoscope Looping. Different patients (n = 8) with looping at various colon positions depicted on the electromagnetic colonoscope picture-in-picture insert. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3567107_pone-0054963-g005_184537.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Comparison of three sequences for detecting IA transplanted MSCs.Grafted MSCs were shown obvious hypointensity and diffuse distribution on both SWI (A) and T2*WI images (B). T2WI image allowed a proper visualization of the ischemic brain tissue but it failed to detect the MSCs in the brain (C). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46520.jpg | what organ system is being imaged? | skull and contents |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05477.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Sagittal view of the reconstructed planum sphenoidale, pituitary, and clivus. Note the enhancement of the perfusion of the pedicled nasoseptal flap (arrows). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46599.jpg | what type of imaging modality is shown? | bas - barium swallow |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3705844_fig2_216587.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Microscopic histomorphology (H&E staining ×100). The bladders from Control (a) and ω-3-treated-rats (b) had no signs of preneoplastic or neoplasic lesions. In the BBN group (c1 and c2), all the bladders presented preneoplastic lesions, namely, hyperplasia and high-grade dysplasia (c1), even in the bladders without tumor growth. Neoplasic lesions like papillary tumors (c2), infiltrative tumors, and Cis were found in some bladders of the BBN-treated-rats. In the ω-3 + BBN rats, all the bladders also presented hyperplasia (d1), but high-grade dysplasia was absent, and the tumors were of papillary nature (d2), but no infiltrative tumors and Cis were found. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4349088_fig8_363886.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Weakening of the nuclear envelope enhances Cap-H2 induction of nucleoplasmic reticulum. Nuclear defects of individual salivary glands overexpressing the human progerin protein are visualized with DAPI and anti-Lamin. Overexpression of Cap-H2 yields an enhanced nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR) phenotype (A), compared to GAL4 control (B). Quantification of NR events in progerin background can increase the phenotype when paired with Cap-H2 overexpression (C). A significant increase is observed for overexpression of Cap-H2 and progerin compared to Cap-H2 overexpression alone, P-value 4.15e−7. Scale bars are 10 microns for all panels. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4423640_Fig1_384360.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography after indirect revascularization (arrows). A: Magnetic resonance angiography, coronal view; B: axial view. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qr1f570832hyj7h0oa.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2259349_F4_18471.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histologic assessment of tissue inflammation after intranasal Ad inoculation. After intranasal delivery of AdLuc, mice were sacrificed at days 1, 3, 7 and 12 and the organs were fixed, processed, and stained with H&E. Open arrow: inflammatory infiltrates in the liver (day 7) and lung (days 1, 3, 7 and 12). These microhistographs are representative of two mice per time point. Magnification: ×20. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1253.jpg | What is present? | bone |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4225475_fig03_334484.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | General control nonderepressible-2-dependent translational control of atf-5 under amino acid limitation. Confocal images of N2 or gcn-2(ok871) worms, both carrying a translational fusion of atf-5::gfp, fed Control or krs-1(RNAi) expressing bacteria. The images show 1-day adults fed with each RNAi from eggs (P0) or their L3-arrested progeny (F1) in krs-1(RNAi) worms. White arrows indicate fluorescent nuclei; white arrowheads show regions of autofluorescence. All images were taken at 20× magnification under the same microscopy settings (scale bar: 50 μm). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2988181_F0001_78961.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan revealing diffuse bilateral calcified fine nodular pattern with extensive septal thickening |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3926425_fig1_267568.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Salient objects in kidney biopsy images. The arrows indicate the regions of interest. (a) Normal biopsy: (1) nonpathogenic glomerulus; (2) nonpathogenic tubulus. (b) Pathogenic biopsy: (3) pathogenic glomerulus; (4) pathogenic tubulus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3574665_f12-sensors-13-00071_186044.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) CW terahertz transmission images for the Gaussian beam; (b) CW terahertz transmission images for the QBB. The color of each pixel in all images represents the intensity of transmitted beam, where the white color as a maximum intensity, the yellow color, the red color, and the black color as a minimum intensity were sequentially used for illustrating the intensity as arbitrary units. The diameter of circular image is the same as that of the sample (50 mm). In Figure 8, d is the distance from the flat lens surface or the apex of an axicon to sample surface. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3882054_f7-0070119_256808.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Correct subcellular targeting of ClC-7/Ostm1 upon heterologous expression. (A) After transient transfection with rat ClC-7, either wild-type (WT) or the Y744Q mutant (MUT), HeLa cells were immunolabeled for ClC-7 (green in overlay) and the late endosomal/lysosomal marker protein LAMP-1 (red); blue in overlay indicates DAPI staining of nuclei. (B) HeLa cells co-transfected with rat ClC-7 (either WT or MUT) and mOstm1-GFP (green in overlay), or with Ostm1-GFP alone (bottom panel) were immunolabeled for ClC-7 (red) and the late endosomal/lysosomal marker protein LAMP-1 (blue). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic15869.jpg | in what modality is this image taken? | mr - other pulse seq. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4264335_Fig6_344242.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
PET imaging results: tendon. Unusually high radioactivity is found in both Achilles tendons of a patient with CTX. PET shows abnormal soft-tissue thickening in a CT window in coronal section (A) and in axial section (D), and unusually high radioactivity in Achilles tendons and adjacent regions in PET (B and
E) and fusion windows (C
and F). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3874663_F4_254671.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Echocardiography (A) Portable echocardiography that performed immediately after coronary angiography showed severe mitral regurgitation and systolic flow acceleration of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on Hospital day 1. (B) On follow up echocardiogram after intra-aortic balloon pump weaning, mitral regurgitation completely disappeared. (Hospital day 3) (C) On follow up echocardiography after intra-aortic balloon pump weaning (Hospital Day 3), Vmax is 1.5 m/sec and peak pressure gradient is 8.9 mmHg at resting state. At Valsalva maneuver, Vmax is 3.1 m/sec and peak pressure gradient is 38.9 mmHg. LA, Left atrium; LV, Left ventricle; RV, Right ventricle; Vmax , maximum velocity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29595.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CTA - Coronal reconstruction with a slab of 1 cm. Abnormal vessel (AVM) (arrow) from a small jejunal branch of SMA. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2704196_F3_40996.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | CPE due to DENV infection of C6/36 cells at 5 dpi. Images were taken at the 40× magnification. Cells were those transduced with hRz-encoding retroviruses and selected in hygromycin for stable integration of the transgene. Representative infected cell cultures are shown. These are cells transduced with (A) hRz # 2, (B) hRz # 5, (C) hRz # 7, (D) hRz # 11, (E) No Rz (transduced with lentivirus vector lacking a hRz) or (F) non-transduced C6/36 cells. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2946589_fig3_74875.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Skin biopsy with demonstration of cutaneous deposition of calcifications in addition to the vascular calcifications. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41eh3083264l5ejih.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | >20mm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3102746_pgen-1002088-g008_97097.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Complete repair of DSBs and crossover formation is not observed in Syce3−/− spermatocytes.Immunostaining of spread preparations of wild-type pachytene and Syce3−/− pachytene-like spermatocytes for γH2AX (red) and SYCP3 (green), RAD51 (green) together with SYCP3 (red), RPA (green) co-labeled with SYCP3 (red) and MLH1 (green) co-stained with SYCP3 (red). Images shown in row two to four were acquired using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Bars, 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3614758_F2_196133.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The expression of NEP (A, E, I, M, R), synaptopodin (B, F, J, N, S) and CR1 (C, G, K, O, T) in NK (A, B, C), IMGN (E, F, G), MesPGN with moderate proliferation of mesangial cells (I, J, K), MesPGN with high proliferation of mesangial cells (M, N, O) and MPGN (R, S, T). The pictures D, H, L, P, and U represent negative controls (D to A, H to E, L to I, P to N, and U to T) (magnification 400×). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24742.jpg | what is most alarming about this x-ray? | bronchiectasis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4078939_F3_302769.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Intraoperative and pathologic finding. (A) Posterolateral thoracotomy revealed a large encapsulated mass measuring 16×11×7 cm that weighed 1,040 g. The mass was pedunculated and attached to the visceral pleura of the right lower lobe (arrowhead). (B) Microscopic findings, including marked cellularity, nuclear atypism, presence of mitosis, and necrosis, confirmed the diagnosis of a malignant SFTP. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4464482_f4-mmr-12-02-2473_395866.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Pathological changes in various tissues of mice infected with enterovirus 71 by intracerebral inoculation. Histopathological examinations were performed on 5-μm sections of paraffin-embedded tissues or organs stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Magnification, ×200. VLP, virus-like particle; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3395271_fig3_144764.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | HE-stained images showing lumen at the base of aorta and plaque area during vascular remodeling in mice fed with Shengjie Tongyu, simvastatin or control, at 30 and 40 weeks. (A) Shengjie Tongyu group at 30 weeks; (B) simvastatin group at 30 weeks; (C) control group at 30 weeks; (D) Shengjie Tongyu group at 40 weeks; (E) simvastatin group at 40 weeks; (F) control group at 40 weeks. Magnification: ×200 (A, B, and C); ×100 (D, E, and F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4142314_fig6_315241.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Regional distribution of P2Y12 in proximity to MS lesions. Sections from SPMS frontal cortex were analyzed by double immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy for c-ter (red) and MHC II (green) immunoreactivity. In proximity to the demyelinating active cortical lesion expressing augmented positivity for MHC II, microglia gradually lose immunoreactivity for c-ter antibody. Microglia express differential immunoreactivity in the four chosen areas which are found inside (circled b-c) and around (circled a–d) a lesion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3727130_fig2_221316.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A 30-year-old female after illicit silicone injection. Findings: CT pulmonary angiography (axial (a), left sagittal (b), right sagittal (c) and coronal (d)) demonstrates diffuse, bilateral, ground-glass opacities greater on the right than on the left and predominantly at the lung bases. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3747448_F3_225586.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | High resolution ex vivo combined MT T2* MRI with anatomical annotations for reference. Figure adapted from Lambert et al. (2013) with permission from Elsevier. Abbreviations: A8, dopaminergic center (approximate location), CP, cerebral peduncle (anterior to posterior: consisting of frontopontine, corticonuclear, corticospinal, and parietotemporal pontine tracts); CST, corticospinal tract; CTT, central tegmental tract; ICP, inferior cerebellar peduncle; ML, medial lemniscus; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus; PAG, periaqueductal gray; SCT, spinocerebellar tract; SNpc, substantia nigra pars compacta; SNpr, substantia nigra pars reticulata; TST, tectospinal tract; VTA, ventral tegmental area. *Artifact due to fixation. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3528658_pone-0052628-g006_174741.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunodetection of neoformed collagen I and III in Tutomesh®.Mature Collagen I (A–H) and immature Collagen III (I–P) immunofluorescence at 14, 30, 90 and 180 days post-implantation. The neoformed collagen appears in red and the cell nuclei (stained with DAPI) appear in blue. The DIC images that identify the biomaterial appear translucent (E–H and M–P). Confocal light microscopy (200×). (* Biomesh). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2268861_f2_19324.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Distribution of ADORA1, ADORA2A, ADORA2B, and ADORA3 in HSF in vitro using indirect immunofluorescence. FITC-marked the secondary antibody (green; 1) and PI dyed the nucleus (red; 2). (1) and (2) are combined into (3). ADORA1 is concentrated in the nucleus of HSF (A1-A3). ADORA2A is mainly distributed on one side of the HSF cytoplasm (B1-B3). ADORA2B is distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HSF (C1-C3). ADORA3 is weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of HSF (D1-D3). Magnification: 400X. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08888.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Stent implanted in cavernous part of left internal carotid artery |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zp8074y37byce47.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3891695_pone-0085239-g001_258376.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Section of pasture 29 depicting 22 known animals.Figure A is the 1st principal component of the first image acquired (T1), figure B is the 1st principal component of the second image acquired (T2), and figure C is the differenced image resulting from subtracting T1 from T2. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2700117_F1_40445.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphology and immunolocalization of estrogen receptors (ERβ1, ERβ2) in seminoma, embryonal carcinoma and control testis. The pictures show representative samples. A, A1, A2: Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. B, B1, B2: ERβ1 immunolocalization. C, C1, C2: ERβ2 immunodetection. Scale bars = 12,5 m μ. L, linfocytes. Lc, Leydig cell. Nc, neoplastic cell. Pc, plurinuclear cell. S, septa. T, seminiferous tubule. Inserts at the bottom right side (B, B1, B2, C, C1, C2): absorption controls. Scale bars = 12,5 mμ. Inserts at the top right side (B, B1, C, C1): higher magnification of the pictures. Scale bars = 5 mμ. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1974780_fig03_13604.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | E-PTA staining for detection of basic proteinsA. Longitudinal section through a T. brucei procyclic cell stained with E-PTA. Strong staining is observed in the nucleus (n) and the kinetoplast (k) but not in the mitochondrial matrix (m). The cytoplasm (c) stains moderately.B–G. E-PTA stained kinetoplasts at higher magnification. All images are oriented so the basal body (bb) is facing up. E-PTA staining is seen throughout the kDNA disc in all images (marked with large bracket in B). The inner unilateral filaments (marked with small bracket in B) are also stained. Strong staining of lobes is observed in some kinetoplasts (C–F). Scale bars represent 500 nm (A); 100 nm (B–G). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607965_F0001_433966.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Retrograde urethrocystography showing a non obstructive prostatic calculuc |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4556517_pone.0137292.g001_419614.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Typical pattern of a well-collateralized patient.78y old female with left-sided M1-occlusion and a very good pial collateralization (Higashida grade 4); two transverse sections from the acute MRI: DWI (A,D), ADC maps (B,E) and T2w images (C,F). Diffusion restriction was seen in the dorsal part of the lentiform nucleus and the adjacent insula (white arrows in D, E). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyvdoj0086u1bwle0s4.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4139829_ijms-15-12061-f005_314468.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | 3D microvessels reconstruction image of sham group on coronal and lateral view (A,B); cross sectionof C5 and C6 in sham group (C,D); sagittal view of sham group (E); 3D microvessels reconstruction image of compression group on coronal and lateral view (F,G); arrow shows the microvessels decreasing region; cross section of C5 and C6 in compression group (H,I); sagittal view of compression group (J); circle shows the difference microvascular index in C6 between sham and compression group (D,I). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4122459_pone-0104007-g003_311664.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Gray matter atrophy across subjects groups.Voxel-based analysis showing regions of gray matter atrophy across groups. Clusters are overlaid on the MNI standard brain. Red- to yellow-colored voxels show regions with significance in the analyses. The blank brain map (NC > SCI) shows that there are no significant differences between NC and SCI groups. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20374.jpg | what modality was used to take this image? | xr - plain film |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3718811_pone-0068659-g003_219321.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Rk1 effectively inhibits localization of TJ proteins disrupted by VEGF treatment.(A) Confluent HRECs were pretreated for 40 min with or without Rk1 (10 µg/ml) prior to stimulation with VEGF (20 ng/ml) for 1 h. The cells were then fixed and stained with anti-ZO-1, anti-ZO-2, and anti-occludin antibodies. Arrowheads indicate disruption of tight junction proteins. (B) Tight junction protein intensity at cell borders was analyzed and quantified with NIH ImageJ software. Data are the mean ± S.E. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glis4if071u86jxeue6.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06698.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Echocardiography: Large vegetations on posterior leaflet of mitral valve on its atrial surface. LA: Left atrium, LV: Left ventricle |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4023246_F2_289391.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | SEM photographs showing leg and oviscapt fine structures in the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group. Foreleg tarsomeres I and II (2–8), pegs on foreleg tarsomere II (9–15) and warts on basal part of lateral lobe or basal membrane of oviscapt (16–22) of Colocasiomyia gigantea (2, 9, 16), Colocasiomyia scindapsae (3, 10, 17), Colocasiomyia rhaphidophorae (4, 11, 18), Colocasiomyia longifilamentata sp. n. (5, 12, 19), Colocasiomyia longivalva sp. n. (6, 13, 20), Colocasiomyia hailini sp. n. (7, 14, 21) and Colocasiomyia yini sp. n. (8, 15, 22). Scale line = 0.1 mm in 2–8, 0.05 mm in 9–15. Figures 16–22 are in the same magnification, with the width corresponding to 30 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2904.jpg | What does this image show? | amyloid |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4214465_f2-ol-08-06-2687_331487.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization results. (A) S-100 protein was diffusely expressed in tumor cells (magnification, ×400). (B) Tumor cells were negative for HMB45 (magnification, ×400) and (C) the osteoclast-like giant cells were positive for CD68 (magnification, ×400). (D) Fluorescence in situ hybridization results revealed genetic disruption of EWSR1 (arrows indicate the abnormal signals). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4207944_Fig2_330126.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Side views showing xylose docking to a conformers 3a and 3b, b conformers 4a, 4b and 4c and c 4GBY, 4GBZ and 4GC0. The white vertical lines subdivide the transporter regions along the z axis approximately into external vestibular, central and internal vestibular zones; d The crystal docked xylose shown as the 3D rendered CPK coincides with the high affinity docking site as obtained with several XylE conformers shown as ball and stick forms (Color figure online) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4030881_biomolecules-03-00018-f003_290872.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Structural aspect of the organic matrix of Cherax quadricarinatus gastrolith (SEM). A–C: slight surface decalcification showing the striated aspect of the gastrolith (A) and at higher magnification the presence of large fibers of organic matter (B and C; arrows heads). D–E: organic matrix fibers forming parallel layers of different widths and densities observed after surface treatment by acetic acid (partial surface decalcification). Transverse fibers are also visible resulting in a pocket-like structure. F–G: high magnifications of regions exhibiting a dense network of organic nanofibers, subdividing the previously revealed pocket-like compartments in micro-pockets. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4614538_f8_435163.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Mitochondrial fragmentation induced by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.(a) Confocal images of shScr or shDrp1 BMDMs left untreated or treated with LPS (0.25 μg/ml, 3 h), followed with nigericin (5 μM, 1 h) stimulation. Immunofluorescence assays were performed using anti-Tom20 antibody (red) and anti-NLRP3 antibody (green). (b) ShScr or ShDrp1 BMDMs were primed with LPS in the presence of YVAD (20 μM), followed by ATP (2 mM, 45 min) or nigericin (5 μM, 45 min) treatment. Cells were stained with anti-Tom20 antibody (red) and analyzed by confocal microscopy as in (a). (a,b) Blue signal represents nuclear fluorescence. Scale bars, 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4016664_F3_287557.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings. FDG-PET showed strong uptake in the liver (arrow). No other abnormal uptake was observed. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4616575_F1_435731.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Images of an abdominal mass in an 8-year-old boy. (A) Coronal fused 18F-FDG-PET and CT before 13-cis-RA treatment. 18F-FDG accumulation is indicated by the arrow. (B) Planar 123I-MIBG scintigraphy before 13-cis-RA treatment. Tracer accumulation is indicated by the arrow. (C) No residual tumor is observed on T2-weighted coronal MRI acquired before 13-cis-RA treatment. (D) No 18F-FDG accumulation is observed 18 months after the initiation of 13-cis-RA treatment. (E) Faint 123I-MIBG uptake (arrow) is seen 18 months after the initiation of 13-cis-RA treatment. CT = computed tomography, 13-cis-RA = 13-cis-retinoic acid, 18F-FDG-PET = 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, 123I-MIBG = iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4700975_pone.0146049.g005_459280.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Subcellular localization of CgVDAC2-EGFP in HeLa cells.The plasmids of CgVDAC2 and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) negative control were transfected into HeLa cells (green). Cell nuclei are stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue) and cell membranes with Alexa Fluor 594 (red). The green fluorescent signal of CgVDAC2-EGFP is mainly localized to cytoplasmic puncta and indicates the co-localization of CgVDAC2 with mitochondria in HeLa cells. Scale bars = 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pn1dwj0832bf4714ye.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | < 5mm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3946212_pone-0090844-g004_272532.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative cases of PET/MRI.In a 52-year-old symptom-free male, ultrasonography incidentally revealed a dilated bile duct and CT a dilated common bile duct. T2WI-FS outlined a mass inside the dilated bile duct (arrow head), which was later removed by surgery and the lesion was proven to be an epithelial cancer of bile duct origin (A). An right renal pelvic mass was better delineated against hot urine on T2WI-FS in a 60-yr-old woman; an invasive ureteral epithelium carcinoma was later proved by surgery (cross, B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4674678_f1_452468.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Preparation and microscopic characterizations of Pt/Ni(OH)2/rGO ternary hybrids.(a) A schematic illustration of the two-step solution method to prepare the ternary hybrid materials. Representative (b) SEM, (c,d) TEM and (e) annual dark-field image under STEM (STEM-ADF) images of Pt/Ni(OH)2/rGO-4. Representative (f) STEM image and its corresponding (g) Pt EDS mapping, (h) Ni EDS mapping and (i) combined Pt and Ni mapping of Pt/Ni(OH)2/rGO-4. Microscopic characterization results suggest that small-sized Pt nanocrystals are adequately interfaced with defective Ni(OH)2 and supported on rGO nanosheets. Scale bars, 100 nm (b), 20 nm (c), 2 nm (d–e) and 4 nm (f–i). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423016_F2_150686.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | High-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) scan taken at our patient’s second admission. The CT scan shows diffuse, randomly distributed, ill-defined, centrilobular micronodules with patchy ground glass opacity in both lung fields. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4634919_Fig5_441541.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histopathology of infarcted versus normal myocardium. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of representative infarcted areas demonstrated a heterogenous area of dense, fibrous, connective tissue intermixed with islets of intact cardiomyocytes (a). Microsphere silhouettes were visualized occluding small arteries and arterioles shown here as stain filling defects (b). Further evaluation with Picro Sirius stain revealed a large amount of disorganized collagen deposition and perifiber fibrosis in the infarcted region denoted by the deeply red staining sections (c), when compared to normal myocardium (d). Evaluation of VVG stained slides demonstrated hyperplasia of the arterial walls, particularly in the media and adventitial layers (e) when compared to normal arteries (f). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4688980_Fig3_455665.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Cerebral MR angiography indicates the obliteration pathology in the anterior circulation; the middle cerebral arteries are bilaterally rudimentary visible (arrows) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qc1eoz0832a7zr2l3t.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2909245_F4_69722.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptor in the rat uterine sections. Rats were treated with arsenic for 28 days and tissues were stained for the presence of the estrogen receptor. Arsenic significantly downregulated the estrogen receptors in the endometrial stroma (4b) as compared to the untreated uterus (4a). In addition, the expression of estrogen receptors was also decreased in the longitudinal muscle layer (4d) in contrast to the expression in the muscle layer of the control uterus (4c). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_65749.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A case of retroduodenal perforation after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The path of the air crossing from the right side to the left side is seen anterior to the aorta. This potential space is called Kneel and space. The right adrenal gland lies in the bare area of the liver and the left adrenal gland lies close to the bare area of the stomach. The air is seen reaching toward the medial surface of the spleen and corresponds to the area visualized in Figure 37 near the spleen. This will indicate again the bare area of the spleen |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35695.jpg | is this a t2 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3900658_pone-0086838-g005_261067.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Immunohistochemical analysis of autophagy markers after RIPostC.(A) immunohistochemical analysis was performed after 3 hours of reperfusion to test the expression of autophagic markers. (B–C) Bar graph showed the quantification of the autophagy markers. In the ND groups, RIPostC treatment markedly enhanced the expression of LC3 and Beclin-1, and decreased the level of SQSTM1/p62 compared with IR. (C) No significant difference was observed between DM-RIPostC and DM-IR. Original magnification: ×200. Figures are representative images of at least 4 experiments in each group. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4550788_F4_417879.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | t-statistics for changes (Post-mPEAK Minus Pre-mPEAK) in functional connectivity with the seed in PCC (p<0.05, corrected); negative values in the figure show the decrease in functional connectivity after mPEAK training. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3173453_F3_108523.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Identification of Pax7-positive cells in longissimus dorsi muscle by immunofluorescence staining. Longissimus tissue sections were stained with fluorescent antibodies Pax7 (green) and laminin (red) at 135 d of gestation, respectively. A-D are the same frozen section stained with the two different fluorescent antibodies (400×). The corresponding antigens in muscle are indicated by an arrow (Pax7) and an arrowhead (laminin). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2910496_fig1_69915.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Axial fluid attenuation recovery (FLAIR) MR images show symmetric abnormal hyperintensity in the cerebellar tonsils and inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05641.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Postoperative lateral MRI of a female patient, three months after surgery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1389.jpg | What does this image show? | lung |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2793371_fig8_52890.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Two-way model comparison between (a) Total Power versus Heuristic and (b) Total Power versus Frequency Response (fixed-effects SPM analyses (p < 0.001 (uncorrected)). The voxel locations on the left correspond to the most significant cluster maximum after small volume correction with the BOLD activation mask (Talairach space). These F-maps show the correlations between EEG and BOLD that are uniquely attributable to each model within a pair. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2950013_F3_75291.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | a, b 1-day-old girl with pulmonary atresia. 3D volume rendered image from posterior (a) and coronal-oblique MIP image viewed from anterior (b) show blood supply to both lungs via direct APCA originating from the descending aorta (a and b, bold black arrow), which anastomoses with the left pulmonary artery at the hilum and supplies confluent hypoplastic pulmonary arteries without a main pulmonary artery (a and b, arrowhead). Blood supply to the left upper lobe derives from another direct APCA (a, thin black arrow) originating from the descending aorta. The left lower lobe is supplied via an indirect APCA deriving from the celiac trunk (b, white arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1euf0832gmua4rbq.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Metal clip |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2680976_fig9_38411.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Cicaprost-induced re-location of Rab5 in EA.hy 926 cells. EA.hy 926 cells were stimulated with vehicle or 1 μM cicaprost at 37 °C for 0–4 h. Cells were fixed and permeabilized prior to detection of endogenous expression of Rab5 with rabbit anti-Rab5 and anti-rabbit AlexaFluor488 conjugated secondary antibodies expression using a Carl Zeiss Lazer Scanning System LSM510 and Zeiss LSM Imaging software. Data presented are representative images from 3 independent experiments from which at least 10 fields were viewed at ×63 magnification, where the horizontal bar represents 10 μm. The reader is referred to the web version of this article to see color images of this figure, where relevant. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02165.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A 74 year old male patient with H7N9 pneumonia from mortality group.Chest radiograph with score of 28 shows bilateral patchy consolidations and ground glass opacities. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2739494_F0004_45101.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (a) X-ray of the elbow (lateral view) showing implant cut out. X-ray (anteroposterior (b) and lateral views (c)) of the same patient showing union of fracture in elongation. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4620000_Fig2_437254.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Initial and follow-up radiographs of the left hip of a 31 year-old male with acetabular osteoid osteoma. a Plain x-ray of the left hip before undergoing radiofrequency ablation or hip arthroscopy showing mild degenerative changes of the hip joint; b Plain x-ray of the left hip of the same patient 44 months following hip arthroscopy and radiofrequency ablation of the acetabular osteoid osteoma not showing further progression of the osteoarthritic changes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyjdo6k086u99984ky7.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3733987_pone-0070234-g001_222581.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Representative serial X-ray images of left femurs of wildtype mice (AR+/Y) with a critical-sized segmental bone defect treated with a 2.5-mm scaffold containing BMP-2 (5 µg), testosterone (100 µg), or testosterone plus BMP-2.Arrow head: callus formation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0857.jpg | What shows a variety of incompletely differentiated tissue elements? | microscopy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3753320_pone-0072645-g003_227418.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Histologic examination of representative samples from each experimental groups.Stained with H&E. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3903483_pone-0084736-g002_261562.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Apparently normal development of the primary layer of retinal vasculature in Hif-1αf/f/Tie2Cre and Hif-2αf/f/Tie2Cre mice.A and B. Confocal images of flat-mounted P7 retinas from tdTomato reporter mice carrying Tie2Cre transgene. B is expanded from the red rectangle in A. Clearly visible vascular patterns indicate that Tie2Cre is fully functional in retinal blood vessels. C to F. P8 retinas stained with IB4-Alexa 594. Areas in red rectangles are shown at higher magnifications below each source image. Images are representative of 4 to 6 mice in each group. Scale bars are 400 µm in A, 125 µm in B, and 500 µm in C–F. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_51111.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Radiographie thoracique de face montrant une épingle à foulard au niveau du 1/3 inférieur de la trachée |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3849963_fig5_248334.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (a) Timeline of development indicates points of NSC isolation (postnatal day 3–6) and sacrifice points of WT and CaMK2α-hKO mice (1- and 12-weeks-old, respectively) for examination of classic iDG hallmarks. We examined calretinin (b, c), doublecortin (d, e) and calbindin (f, g). No difference in marker expression was detected in 1-week-old animals (b1/d1/f1 v b2/d2/f2). Classic iDG hallmarks were observed in all three markers at 12 weeks of age, including increased doublecortin (c1 v c2) and calretinin (e1 v e2) and decreased calbindin (g1 v g2). Scale bar=100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2486266_F1_25928.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiology: A) Abdominal X-ray showing a diffuse opaque area in upper abdomen without a gastrointestinal gas shadow, hepatic colon flexure was dislocated downward (HCF), and the stomach (S) to the left side.B and C). Abdominal computed tomography scan showing heterogenous mass occupying most part of the abdominal cavity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4314733_Fig2_354708.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
A 58-year-old woman sustained a fall from ground level. (A) lateral x-ray shows burst fracture of T12. (B) MRI shows the burst fracture and canal compromise. (C) AP x-ray show good apposition of the rectangular footplates and the adjacent endplates. One week later the patient was experiencing disabling back pain upon mobilization in thoracolumbar orthosis. Posterior minimally invasive pedicle screws were placed. (D) AP x-ray shows stable and satisfactory spinal alignment. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30922.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | absent septum pellucidum |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1454.jpg | Does myocardium show thyroid, adenomatous goiter? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzddp1c086uhhaa66jx.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
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