image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4612419_Fig1_434818.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Chest CT scan (a): during the episode of acute respiratory failure after 5 months of treatment with trametinib, (b): 7 months after trametinib discontinuation and 5 months after vemurafenib initiation, (c): 15 months after vemurafenib initiation, (d): 6 months after vemurafenib discontinuation |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4329803_F3_358585.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological observation of cell structures and phloem in cross-sectioned SAM of ‘Border Dark Red’ and ‘Yellow Empire’. (A) An overview of the cross-section of the AD in the meristem and the young leaf primordia (LP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and n) of ‘Border Dark Red’. (B–G) High magnification of the LPs in (A) (AD and LP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively). (H–M) High magnification of the LPs of ‘Yellow Empire’ shoot tip cross-section (AD and LP1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively). Prophl, prophloem; Proxy, proxylem. Red arrows indicate densely stained nucleolus. Black arrows indicate cell walls. Scale bar in (A) is 100 μm; (B–M) are 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3881383_fig2_256636.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis in patient 1 with (a) axial section and (b) coronal section showing a large predominantly cystic (white arrow) right renal mass measuring 9 × 8 × 8 cm with solid areas (black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4647554_fig-2_444451.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | One case of negative chest X-ray and positive lung ultrasound.Negative chest X-ray result for a 4 year old female (A) and evidence of pneumonia in the posterior basal retrocardiac region of left lung by lung ultrasound (B). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4316905_f1-etm-09-03-0905_355442.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Immunostained section of peritumoral tissue. Magnification, ×40. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4572703_pone.0137999.g008_424091.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
In vivo transplantation of spheroids in myocardium-injured mice.(A) Evaluation of cardiotoxin-induced injury in the myocardium wall at two magnifications (right) compared to healthy myocardium (left) in Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. (B) Myocardium sections from myocardium injured mice transplanted with spheroids were stained with TO-PRO3 (blue) to show all nuclei, anti-human nuclei antibody (green), and connexin-43 or phalloidin (red) for actin and analysed by confocal microscopy. Representative experiments out of three performed are shown. The circle and arrows show the engrafted spheroid 1 day after the injection and the dispersed hCPCs 7 days after the injection, respectively. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3169617_pone-0024640-g001_107794.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
MafB-GFP mice show restricted expression of GFP in podocytes.Cryostat sections of E15.5 MafB-GFP transgenic kidneys with visible (above panels) and fluorescent (below) illumination. An S-shaped body and glomerulus are marked in above panels (arrows), and prospective podocytes in these structures are shown to be GFP positive in lower panels. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08475.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Transesophageal echocardiogram picture right coronary artery draining to pulmonary artery. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19307.jpg | is this a t2 weighted image? | no |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31503.jpg | was the ct scan taken with contrast? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxut8zq0074ydf7n8q4n.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34474.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Bifid third rib on the right side with dextrocardia |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4484297_acm20183-fig-0001_400711.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Isodose distributions of 3D CRT (A‐1 & A‐2), IMRTNC (B‐1 & B‐2), IMRTCO (C‐1 & C‐2), and VMAT (D‐1 & D‐2) in axial view (top row) and sagittal view (bottom row), as well as dose‐volume histograms of CTV and PTV (E) and normal tissues (F). Magenta=105%,red=100%,green=90%,blue=50%,cyan=30%, and yellow=10% isodose lines; GTV is contoured in red, CTV in orange, and PTV in pink. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvh90q8074yg828hcl0.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00752.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Magnetic resonance imaging of head. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46947.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Small pocket of free fluid in the region of the appendix (white arrow) in a 10-year-old girl with confirmed appendicitis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16494.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The spinoglenoid notch is shown and a cyst (arrow) is visualized in this region (G: Glenoid; H: Humeral head) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2876027_pone-0010713-g003_64794.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Myofibril phenotypes of CF2 mutants.All pictures are cross sections through IFM tissue, with a magnification of 60,000X. A) y w[67c23] B) CF2[KG05342] C) CF2[KG08941] D) CF2[KG08941-R3] E) CF2[c04624] F) CF2[c01640]. Scale bars are 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3720184_F4_219458.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Body fat distribution of patients: magnetic resonance imagery (MRI). (A). T1-weighted MRI axial scans through the arm, forearm, thigh, calf and abdomen of patients 1 and 2, compared with a control woman of similar age (35 yr-old) and BMI (23 kg/m2). Partial lipoatrophy affecting the four limbs, contrasting with accumulation of intra-abdominal fat, was evidenced in both patients. Increased subcutaneous abdominal fat was also striking in patient 1. Bone marrow fat was well preserved. (B). T1-weighted MRI pelvic axial scan in patient 1 and in a control woman (BMI 21 kg/m2), showing lipoatrophy of gluteal fat depots with accumulation of anterior abdominal subcutaneous fat in patient 1. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4536990_F8_414686.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histopathology analysis of H. pylori-infected mice without treatment or after treatment with PPI-triple therapy antibiotics or TP4Sections were stained with HE to score gastric inflammation during infection and after therapy (A). Images at higher magnification to view immune cell infiltration are shown in (B). (C) H. pylori-specific special stained slides. Scale bar: 200 μm |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05226.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Recto-vaginal fistula. The rectum is opening into lower part of vagina (marked by an arrow) and so is associated with an intermediate or low type of ARM |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4508470_fig1_407773.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The first row shows brain MRI (from left to right, DWI, FLAIR, and T1+C) from first ER visit with presumed TGA: arrows show subtle signal changes that were too mild to be called. The middle row shows brain MRI (from left to right, DWI, FLAIR, and T1+C) six weeks from his first presentation: signal changes in DWI, FLAIR in hippocampus; moreover, there is enhancement in hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. The lowest row shows that brain MRI after treatment shows subtle improvement in hippocampus and temporal areas. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic15884.jpg | what plane is this film | pa |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3579993_Fig9_187315.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
a Lateral chest radiograph of a 58-year-old smoker man allergic to iodine shows a well-defined mass (*) in the cardiophrenic space and a nodular lung opacity (open arrow) in the lower lung parenchyma. b, c Non-contrast-enhanced CT scan confirms the presence of a fluid-attenuation mass (*) in the right cardiophrenic angle (pericardial cyst) and demonstrates a suspicious lung opacity (open arrows) in the right lower lobe of the lung (squamous-cell carcinoma) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3459740_F2_157710.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images one year after the first treatment, showing new, small tumour foci in the left frontal lobe and above the right orbital apex. These were treated with a new session of radiosurgery. Treatment isodoses are shown as outlined in the Gamma Knife® planning software. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3955141_Fig1_274242.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Representative CT (left) and PET (right, SUV 45–60 min) images of patient 11 acquired at baseline (top) and after delivery of 27.5 Gy (bottom). Primary tumour is manually delineated within green outline. Note sharply demarcated dramatic reduction in bone marrow uptake and modest reduction of tumour uptake after RT, as previously reported [21] |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3796879_fig1_237706.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Morphology of FRTL (pcDNA) and FRTL (RET/PTC1) cells. Phase-contrast images of FRTL (pcDNA) cells cultured for 6 days in the presence of 1 mU/ml TSH (A) or absence of TSH (B). Hematoxylin–eosin-stained FRTL (pcDNA) cells cultured in the presence of TSH (C). Phase-contrast images of FRTL (RET/PTC1) cells cultured for 6 days in the presence of 1 mU/ml TSH (D) or absence of TSH (E). Hematoxylin–eosin-stained FRTL (RET/PTC1) cells cultured in the presence of TSH (F). Scale bars, 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3724798_pone-0070682-g004_220675.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Fluorescence lifetime imaging: different features of melanoma.A, dendritic cells in upper melanoma layers (asterisks); B, melanoma cells infiltrating a non edged papilla (arrows); C, red collagen fibers surrounding ASLC nests (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3177935_F1_109410.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma in our 13-year-old patient. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a tissular heterogeneous tumor of the head of the pancreas measuring 49 mm × 37 mm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3857982_fig4511_250693.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | X-ray of the right ankle on admission at 11 days of age |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2267739_f8_19056.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Optical coherence tomography scan image on day 20 after laser burn and day 28 after intravitreal injection in four groups. The high reflect light echogenic mass (white arrowheads) were detected in the eyes on day 20 after laser burn and in the eye of control on day 28 after intravitreal injection. The light echogenic mass disappeared after injection compared with that before injection. The light echogenic band of retinal pigment epithelial became regular and continuous. Edema of the retina faded away and the shape of the macula fovea centralis recovered. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3856029_f6-ijms-14-21689_250146.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Effects of SBA on the distribution of tight junction proteins. The distributions of occludin treated with 0 mg/mL (a) or treated with 0.5 mg/mL (b) and claudin-3 treated with 0 mg/mL (c) or treated with 0.5 mg/mL (d), were determined by immunofluorescence. IPEC-J2 cells were grown on glass slides within 6-well plates until reaching complete confluence and were then treated with 0 or 0.5 mg/mL SBA for 48 h. The cells treated with 0 mg/mL SBA for 48 h were used as a control. Representative images are shown at a magnification of 400×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3345940_f2-can-6-252_136788.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Diffusion-weighted (DW) image of the prostate. PCa appeared as a hyperintense mass on DW images (b = 1000 s/mm2), with low values (dark grey) on the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (mean ADC value ± standard deviation = 885.4 mm2/s ±159.5 mm2/s) (b). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic42067.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | frontal |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic32274.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | musculoskeletal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36520.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 5-year-old male with focal accumulation of radiotracer in the small bowel. Delayed pelvic sagittal view of the SPECT/CT, the same as Figure 8 without the SPECT component. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2148074_pone-0001394-g003_15469.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Locations of the diagnostic voxels in object exemplar classification for the three participants having the highest accuracies are shown on the three-dimensional rendering of the T1 MNI single-subject brain.Yellow ellipses indicate the commonality of the voxel locations for object identification in LIPL across participants. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3893188_pone-0085161-g006_258840.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Osx-Cre targets gastric and intestinal epithelia.(A–D) Direct fluorescence of tdTomato (A, C) and EGFP (B, D) in whole-mount small intestine of two-month-old R26-mT/mG (A, B) or Osx-Cre; R26-mT/mG mice (C, D). (E–G) Direct fluorescence on cross sections of small intestine from a two-month-old Osx-Cre; R26-mT/mG mouse. Red-boxed area in F shown at a higher magnification in G. (H–J) Direct fluorescence on stomach sections from a two-month-old Osx-Cre; R26-mT/mG mouse. Red-boxed area in I shown at a higher magnification in J. White arrow denotes parietal cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2673.jpg | Does breast show angiogram postmortafter switch of left coronary to aorta? | no |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4331823_F1_359580.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A 61-year-old woman with breast cancer metastatic to the spine leading to spinal cord compression syndrome. Axial (A) and sagittal (B) post-contrast T1-weighted MR images of a patient with metastatic breast cancer showing a bone lesion in the posterior elements of T6 (arrowhead), with high T2 signal intensity and intense contrast enhancement, impressing upon the spinal canal and dislocating the cord anterolaterally (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4600501_fig2_431784.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Clinical photographs of the buccal mucosa of some of the study participants. (a) Nonchewer (control), (b) a chronic khat chewer, and (c) a chronic khat chewer who was also a heavy smoker. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2736621_pone-0006962-g003_44657.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | fMRI neuroimaging results for intentions.Functional MRI results when participants saw repeated actions with the same intentions (action goals). RS was observed in the following areas. Top panel: right MTG/STS (46,−61,12 x, y, z MNI coordinates; Z: 4.12), Middle panel: bilateral aIPS (left: −32,−54,41 x, y, z MNI coordinates; Z value: 3.3; right: 38,−53,41 x, y, z MNI coordinates; Z value: 3.45). Bottom panel: left inferior frontal gyrus (−41,30,22 x, y, z MNI coordinates; Z value: 3.47). Weaker areas are reported in Table 2. BOLD responses are shown on axial views. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3860099_fig1_251084.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | The upper sections are T1-weighted MR images, and the lower sections are T2-weighted MR images. A lesion was detected in the left occipital lobe (arrow), but no lesion speculated to be the cause of the left hemiparesis could be identified in the right cerebral hemisphere or the brainstem. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2774148_fig01_50124.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) Osteonectin, chondrosarcoma grade III. (B) Osteonectin, chondromyxoid fibroma. (C) Bcl-2, chondrosarcoma grade II. (D) Cox-2, chordoma. (E) Actin, chondroblastoma. (F) Calponin, the single chondromyxoid fibroma with a ++ reaction. (G) Mdm-2, chordoma. (H) D2-40 (podoplanin), advancing edge of chordoma with soft tissue invasion. The only positivity is seen in compressed lymph vessels. (I) D2-40 (podoplanin), chondrosarcoma grade II. (J) YKL-40, chondrosarcoma grade II. (K) YKL-40, ESMC. Note staining of the contents in the blood vessel. (L) CD117, ESMC. All magnifications originally × 200. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2642934_f2_34550.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Lens morphology in wild type (WT), OVE442, and LR22 transgenic mice. Lenses were isolated from newborn (P0) mice for examination and photography. Some ciliary body tissues (arrows) were left on the lens to avoid damage or distortion to the lens during dissection. The WT lenses are transparent and spherical in shape. The transgenic lenses are cloudy and show a distorted shape. Additionally, there is an excess growth of the blood vessels at the posterior pole of the transgenic lenses (arrowheads). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3087156_fig1_94282.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Doppler velocimetry of fetal vessels. (a) depicts a normal umbilical artery flow waveform. (b) depicts a normal waveform of the middle cerebral artery, and (c) depicts an abnormal ductus venosus waveform, showing a reversed “a” wave. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2364771_fig3_21741.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | PPARγ protein expression in thyroid tissues assessed by immunohistochemistry. Positive cases presented diffuse nuclear immunostaining. (A) Negative poorly differentiated carcinoma; (B) papillary carcinoma of classic variant with faint immunostaining and corresponding peritumoral (C) and contralateral (D) normal tissue, both with moderate immunoreativity. (A–D) original magnification × 400. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4504575_F6_406676.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | FC and corresponding color images of the extrahepatic bile ducts during LC obtained using five laparoscopic fluorescence imaging systems in the clinical setting. (LS1, LS2, LS3) Color images (left) and fluorescence images (right). (LS4) Color image (left), fluorescence image (middle), and fluorescence image with image processing similar to narrow-band imaging (spectra A mode, right). (LS5) Color image, monochromatic fluorescence image, pseudocolor fluorescence image (green) superimposed on color image, and pseudocolor fluorescence image (blue) on monochromatic background (from left to right). Arrows and arrowheads indicate the CHD and CyD, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2998430_pntd-0000905-g004_80564.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
L. major promastigotes multiply inside chimeric PVs.Time-lapse recording of macrophages infected with L. amazonensis-WT for 48 hours and superinfected with metacyclic-enriched L. major-DsRed2 promastigotes. Image acquisition started 6 days after L. major-DsRed2 promastigote addition. Division of L. major-DsRed2 promastigote (arrowheads) inside L. amazonensis-WT PV (asterisk) was documented. The figure shows phase contrast (Ph2) in the first row, DsRed2 signal in the second, and Lysotracker merged with DsRed2 signal in the third. Time after promastigote addition is shown (d:h:min). Scale at 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3596275_pone-0058574-g001_191372.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | GLIPR-2 expression increases in PTCs specifically in the DN kidney.Sections of kidney from DN patients were stained with anti-GLIPR-2 (GLIPR-2), anti-p-ERK1/2 (P-ERK), anti-E-cadherin (E-ca), anti-vimentin (VIMENTIN) and anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibodies. The GLIPR-2 staining was increased in PTCs of DN kidney (A) compared with normal kidney (B). In addition, p-ERK1/2 was also increased in the PTCs of DN kidney (C and D). The EMT marker E-cadherin decreased but the EMT markers vimentin and α-SMA increased in the DN kidney compared with control (E to J). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00199.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Occlusal radiograph showing permanent unerupted canine and retained deciduous teeth |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3310050_pone-0032920-g005_131049.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Qualitative uptake analysis by confocal microscopy.Cells were treated with native curcumin, Cur-NPs, Fol-Cur-NPs (10 µg/ml) and incubated for 2 hrs. Fol-Cur-NPs showed augmented fluorescence activity compared to native drug and unconjugated NPs in Y79 cell line, while no significant difference in uptake of Fol-Cur-NPs compared to Cur-NPs was evident in A549 cell line. Data represented as mean±s.e.m., n = 3. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4227497_fig1_335055.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Findings of flexible laryngeal endoscopy. (a) The root of the tumor was unable to be visually distinguished to arise from the lingual or laryngeal surface. (b) No liquid was drained from the tumor after the anterior wall was punctured (arrow). (c) The epiglottis was not deformed (arrow), and its lingual surface was free from postoperative recurrence of the lipoma (arrow head). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3094323_F1_95224.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Examples for two-dimensional measurement and scoring of edema (A-D) and necrosis (E-H). A-D, scoring of edema (t2-w -contrast MRI). E-H, scoring of degree of necrosis (t1-w +contrast MRI). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3913105_fig5_263832.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (a) Low magnification shows tumor cells expanding and destroying bony trabeculae (hematoxylin-eosin stain, original magnification ×40). (b) High magnification demonstrates tumor cells characterized by coffee bean-shaped grooved nuclei indicated by the arrow, admixed with eosinophils consistent with Langerhans cells (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×400). Insert: CD1a immunostain is a transmembrane antigen normally found on Langerhasn cells (CD1a immunostain, original magnification ×600). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01327.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Control angiography showed total exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. A covered stent was implanted in the right common carotid artery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1723.jpg | What is present? | urinary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4197286_Fig2_327881.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative |
3D FISH of Roberts sub-chromosomal domain territories. Views of Imaris® reconstructions of trophoblasts and fibroblasts nuclei after three-dimensional FISH with probes for PH1 (Chr1), centromeric régions of chromosome 4 (Chr4), 9 (Chr9) and 16 (Chr16). Cells were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (A) Control cells hybridized with PH1 probe (trophoblasts: red probe and a fibroblast: green probe). (B) RBS cells with split signal of one or two territories (chr 1, chr 4, chr 9 and chr 16). (C) Focus on split spots of PH1 showing the bridge between the two signals (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4624765_ppat.1005068.g007_438344.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MshA pilus production is altered in an mshE mutant.Transmission Electron Microscopy of negative stained cells in exponential growth reveals MshA pili. Scale bars included for reference. Representative image presented of at least 8 images analyzed for each strain. Right panel is increased magnification to clearly visualize pili. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3836814_pone-0079833-g002_245488.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | (A) ADC, CBF maps at 30, 90, 120, 150, 180 mins and 48 hrs post-occlusion, ISODATA clustering results (determined using 30-min ADC and CBF) and T2 maps 48 hrs post-occlusion (day-2) of vehicle- and MB-treated rats subjected to 60-mins MCAO are shown.ISODATA determined core (red) tissue volume was used as the initial lesion volume. Final infarct volume was determined based on day-2 T2 maps using the threshold method. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4182584_Fig4_324440.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | TEM images (magnification × 10,000) of ultrastructural changes in C6 glioma cells treated with PBS (control) (CP), HMME-PBS (HP), ultrasound-PBS (UP), SDT-PBS (SP), HBSS (control) (CH), HMME-HBSS (HH), ultrasound-HBSS (UH) and SDT-HBSS (SH) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3155546_pone-0023079-g005_105103.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Morphological assays of the effects of various recombinant TPPP proteins on the fibril formation of synthetic PrP106–126 in vitro with a transmission electronic microscopy.0.5 mg/ml synthetic peptide PrP106–126 was incubated in the absence (A) or presence of TPPP1–219 (B), TPPP50–219 (C) and TPPP100–219 (D) at 37°C for 72 h, respectively. The molar ratio of PrP106–126 to TPPP was 2∶1. Magnification was 97,000×. Scale bar represented 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3903486_pone-0085843-g001_261636.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Gray matter atrophy in TLE-HS and TLE-NL.VBM demonstrated significant areas of diffuse gray matter volume loss in TLE-HS and TLE-NL. A1 and A2 (“glass view”) show the areas of gray matter atrophy in TLE-HS (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels); B1 and B2 (“glass view”) show the areas of gray matter atrophy in TLE-NL (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels). TLE-HS: temporal lobe epilepsy with MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis; TLE-NL: temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI; VBM: voxel based morphometry; T: t-value; L: left; R: right. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3349025_Fig1_137082.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | X-ray films of patient P.L., 68 y.o. at the time of operation.a Postoperative AP view of the pelvis; the saddle is seated through a notch in the iliac wing.b Same view 38 months afterwards. The patient reported suffering from pain during weight bearing for the previous 2 years. Note the proximal migration of the saddle in relation to the wearing of the iliac wing |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zsk074ygc1iadn2.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3765627_F3_230100.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histopathological observation of rat liver. Intrahepatic distribution of Ag-nps (A), and histopathological changes in liver tissues at different time points (B) after i.p. injection of Ag-nps. Experiments were carried out as described under Materials and Methods using silver enhancement stain and hematoxylin and eosin stain. A: section thickness was 5-μm. Ag-nps images were taken by optical microscopy with 200× amplifications. B: high magnification of livers (400×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3923983_F3_267010.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Photomicrographs of index findings showing the pulmonary arteries with or without stenosis. Legend: (A and B) The pulmonary artery of muscular type shows asymmetric intimal thickening with fibro-cellular proliferation, which is eroded and attached with clustered carcinoma cells including fibrin (Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Elastica van Gieson (EVG) stains, original magnification x 400). (C and D) Carcinoma cells were found in the lumen of the pulmonary artery, whereas neither fibro-cellular proliferation nor fibrin thrombus was found (H&E and EVG stains, original magnification x 400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4280933_f3-etm-09-02-0372_347761.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | DAPI staining for eGFP-positive cells eight weeks after transplantation. (A and B) Fluorescence microscopy (magnification, ×20) of vaginal tissue from the (A) ASC transplantation group and (B) control group. GFP was expressed around the nuclei dyed by blue DAPI (arrowheads). (C, D and E) Fluorescence microscopy (magnification, ×10) of tissue from the (C) heart, (D) lung and (E) liver of the transplantation group. Internal scale marker=50 μm; eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; ASC, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3052193_F4_89516.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Photograph of showing small skin pits with pink granulation tissue following removal of scales. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57480.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (mpnst) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3257130_f10-ijms-12-09277_121884.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | sCT and βA oligomers similarly damage the neuritic tree and synapses in mature hippocampal neurons. After treatments, the extension of the dendritic tree, immunolabelled for MAP2 (red fluorescence) is evidently reduced, while the number of synapses, immunolabelled for synaptophysin (green fluorescence) is decreased (courtesy of Malchiodi-Albedi et al. [48]). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1523201_F7_6186.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | The Wdr68 protein co-localizes with Dyrk1a. Transiently transfected HEK-293FT cells. A, E, I) Fluorescence of GFP and fusion proteins. B, F, J) Fluorescence of mRFP1 and fusion proteins. C, G, K) Fluorescence of nuclei stained with DAPI. D, H, L) Composite overlay image of GFP, RFP and DAPI signals. A, B, C, D) GFP and mRFP1 distribute throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus. E, F, G, H) The GFP-Wdr68 fusion and the mRFP1-Dyrk1a fusion are co-localized to the nucleus. I, J, K, L) The GFP-T284F Wdr68 mutant does not co-localize with nuclear mRFP1-Dyrk1a. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4650118_Fig1_445085.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
a Sagittal T2-weighted MRI shows a multilocular cystic mass, which is clearly delineated in the pelvis (maximum diameter approximately 20 cm). The uterus measures 80 mm in height, 55 mm in body length, and 6 mm in cavity thickness. b An ultrasound demonstrates the pelvic mass (diameter approximately 13 cm) containing a multilocular cyst without mural nodules. c Gross appearance, the tumor measures 19.0 cm x 14.0 cm x 8.5 cm. The inner surface of the cyst is mostly smooth, with areas of irregular thickening of the cyst wall, including yellowish mucoid substance |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4102773_Fig1_307250.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Brain MRI with gadolinium enhancement (axial and coronal sections). On admission day 1, MRI revealed a 9 × 4 mm tumor at the right cavernous sinus (a, b). Three weeks after admission, the cavernous sinus tumor had rapidly increased to 30 × 20 mm in size. The tumor invaded the cavernous sinus to the pontine cistern and compressed a part of the pons (c, d). About 50% of the tumor was resected by surgery (e, f). Six weeks after starting chemotherapy, the tumor size had reduced, and only a 7 × 4 mm tumor remained at the pontine cistern (g, h) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4528873_fig1-2324709615590198_413101.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Acute IS within the pons on T1-weighted imaging (a), midbrain on T1- and T2-weighted imaging (b and c), and left thalamus on diffusion (d). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4637078_fig2_442288.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A 79-year-old man who underwent C4–7 laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Pre- (a–e) and postoperative (f–j) radiographs, CT, and MRI images are shown. Pre/postoperative C2/7 Cobb angles and range of motion were 17/15 and 46/32 degrees, respectively. This patient was not able to walk before surgery but got managed to walk after surgery. However, he developed severe dementia and died 4 years after surgery. Pre- and postoperative (24 months) JOA scores were 5 and 7, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3700802_f1-ol-05-06-1973_215438.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Echocardiography and radiological images of pericardial synovial sarcoma. (A) Echocardiography revealed a mass (arrow) within the pericardial space predominantly over the right atrium. (B) Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a low-attenuation lesion (arrow) in the pericardium, with inhomogeneous peripheral enhancement. (C) T1-weighted post-gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified mild heterogeneous enhancement (arrow). (D) 2D FIESTA sequence images revealed a 3.4×5.2-cm, high-signal, heterogeneous multilocular mass (arrow). FIESTA, fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition; RA, right atrium. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4585251_F2_427560.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation analysis of pepper CaNAC2. (A) The subcellular localization of pepper CaNAC2 in onion epidermal cells. The fused pBI221-GFP-CaNAC2 and pBI221-GFP constructs were introduced into onion epidermal cells by biolistic bombardment. The GFP signals were observed under confocal microscope; (B) Transcriptional activation analysis of CaNAC2 in yeast strain AH109. CaNAC2 represents the fusion protein of the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and CaNAC2; pGBKT7 was used as control. The culture solution of the transformed yeast was streaked on SD/-Leu/-Trp medium and SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp medium. The plates were incubated for 3 days. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4653945_Fig1_446164.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | T2-weighted images of the FCC on experimental side (left side) in Group e and Group a-d. MRI with T2WI shown normal signal on sagittal view |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3966892_pone-0093154-g005_276846.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Influence of skull conductivity on EEG and MEG localizations.FT9 centroids and spread spheres plotted on T1w-MRI for head models 6C_Cal (red), 6C_41 (green), 6C_70 (blue), 6C_132 (cyan) and 6C_330 (magenta). The centroid locations of 6C_Cal were used for the selection of MRI slices and all results were projected on these slices. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4689810_F7_456028.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Dose distributions of patient 3 using different weekly CTs. Pink contours represent the CTV. First column displays 3D0 simulations, second column 4D0 simulations, and the third one 4DN simulations using week 6. Cases (A–I) are obtained using the LFSG configuration combined to isotropic and range margins and one, two, and three fields, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4259486_pone-0114850-g013_342787.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunofluorescent imaging of ISMC- or MS-seeded implant.After two weeks in vivo, ISMC and MS implants on scaffolds were identified with anti-GFP immunofluorescence. Both ISMC and MS expressed SMA, but ISMC had less immunofluorescence for DES and MHC compared to MS. ISMC also showed reduced S100 immunofluorescence compared to MS. Merged images of SMA (green) and s100 (red) show no co-localization of immunofluorescence in either ISMC or MS. BTUB immunofluorescence was decreased in ISMC implants compared to MS implants. Nuclei were indicated with DAPI. 200x magnification, 100-µm scale bars. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4500468_pone.0132167.g005_405554.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Comparison of QSM, plain GRE, SWI and QSM-WI at 7.0 T in vivo.Comparison of QSM, GRE, SWI and QSM-WI of a 3-week-old piglet scanned at 7.0 T in vivo. In the first pane, showing an axial plane perpendicular to B0, the datasets appeared visually similar. In the second pane, with views parallel to B0, artifactual splitting of the vessels was observed for the SWI data while both QSM datasets and the unprocessed GRE appeared artifact-free. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3795042_pone-0077428-g001_237073.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Three examples of perfusion patterns in acute lacunar infarction.Mismatch (1), inverse mismatch (2), and match (3) between diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted images (DWI, PWI). DWI (a) shows the initial ischemic lesion (white arrow). PWI derived maps demonstrate the perfusion deficit: time to peak (b), cerebral blood flow (c), and cerebral blood volume (d). Follow-up DWI (e) and FLAIR (f) show the ischemic lesion (white arrow). Note that case 2 is also an example of lesion reversal after intravenous thrombolysis. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3614032_fig1_195872.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (a) Enlargement of the right cavernous sinus and osteolysis of the right sphenoid bone and clivus on CT scan. (b) Axial T1-weighted MRI with gadolinium contrast showing a large tumor of the skull base invading the sella turcica, right cavernous sinus, and sphenoidal sinus. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4571434_acm20092-fig-0002_423982.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Top: Blended orthogonal images of kV setup verification at the time of treatment delivery with the reference DRRs (manual matching option is turned on in Offline Review of Varian ARIA system); Bottom: AP and lateral kV images and the reference DRRs displayed side by side. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4358853_Fig1_367196.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
Solid meningioangiomatosis. (a) CT scan showed an irregular mixed high-density mass in the left middle cranial fossa. (b) On T1WI, the lesion demonstrated low and equal signal intensity. (c) On T2WI, the lesion showed high signal intensity with a multiple flow void effect. (d) On post-contrast MRI, the lesion showed significant and homogeneous enhancement. (e, f) Microphotography of specimens showed extensive fibroblastic proliferation and an increased number of vessels surrounded by meningothelial cells. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07460.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Axial computerized tomography scan shows a fat pattern characteristic of omental torsion. The vascular pedicle extends caudally and enters a large well-circumscribed heterogeneous fatty mass in the right upper quadrant, and fat density is increased. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3797284_f4-etm-06-04-0947_237798.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Pathological results under a light microscope (magnification, ×200). (A) A small amount of exudative bleeding was observed. The white arrowhead indicates cell swelling, nuclear condensation and disappearance. (B) Large amounts of neurons and mesh-like cells in vacuolar changes are visible. (C) Normal brain tissue and infarcted area are clear and legible (large black arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3115850_F7_99041.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Cellular localization of s100 g in E2-treated rat oviducts. Photomicrographs of unmated (A-C) and mated (E-F) rat oviducts 12 h after injecting vehicle (A, D) or E2(B, E). Arrows point to immunoreactivity of s100 g present only in epithelial cells. The specificity of immunoreactivity was confirmed by omitting the first antibody or replacing by preimmune serum (C, F). Insets in B and D show higher magnification of s100 g immunoreactivity in epithelial cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3359359_pone-0037264-g003_139195.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Stereomicroscopic observation and histological examination of endometrial implants.A and B) Surface and deep implants, respectively, were observed at sacrifice by fluorescence stereomicroscopy in mice treated with vehicle (a, b, c) or ISO-1 (4 mg/kg) (d, e, f). Implants, as observed by optic light (a, d) or epi-fluorescence (b, e). Merged images are shown (c, f). C and D) Histological examination of endometrial implants from control mice treated with vehicle or 4 mg/kg ISO-1, respectively. EG, endometrial gland; HT, human tissue; MT, mouse tissue; scale bar, 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64515.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Chest CT scan without contrast showing extensive ground-glass opacities throughout lung parenchyma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3038968_F1_87162.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A) An abdominal CT revealed a large uneven tumor in the lower abdomen and encased the colorectum to the left back side (arrows). B) An MRI of the lower abdomen revealed a polycystic tumor with a part of the thickened wall (arrows). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1612.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4371620_Fig4_370951.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
High resolution imaging of a dividing Arabidopsis suspension cell. Confocal microscopy time-lapse images of an Arabidopsis culture cell expressing GFP tubulin. High resolution z stack images were collected using a 63/1.4 oil immersion objective, every 5 minutes throughout division. This illustrates the interchange of different microtubule structures: prometaphase (0 min); metaphase (5 min); anaphase (10 min); telophase (15 min daughter nuclei position indicated by arrows); phragmoplast (20 min); cell division completion (85 min). The numbers indicate the time in minutes from start of time-lapse acquisition and confocal z stacks are shown as summation projections. Scale bar = 10 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56687.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Post operative pic 2 showing splenic l bed following resection. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3438297_Fig1_154029.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Funduscopically creamy white lesions can be seen (a: fundus photography, b: autofluorescene image) which later can leave chorioretinal scars. In the fluorescein angiogram, the lesions typically show early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence (c, d) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3350259_fig2_137566.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | (a) X-ray of RT T/F AP/LAT shows osteoporosis and fractures. (b) X-ray of RT humerus shows severe osteoporosis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3502819_fig1_167371.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan (a) and MRI (b) revealed a 4.5 × 4.5 × 3-cm mass that enhanced with contrast, in the right greater wing of the sphenoid bone which was invading the anterior pole of the temporal lobe and the sphenoid sinus. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1617.jpg | What is present ? | gastrointestinal |
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