image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1891.jpg | What is present ? | uterus |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4438875_f4-mmr-12-01-0871_388246.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the spindle cell oncocytoma in case 2. (A and B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealing that the tumor was composed of spindled and epithelioid cells arranged in intersecting fascicles. The cells had an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mild to moderate nuclear atypia was identified, but mitosis was not observed. Nuclear pleomorphism was found in certain cells. Infiltration of a few mature lymphocytes and local interstitial mucoid degeneration was observed. A, magnification, ×20; B, magnification, ×40. Immunohistochemical staining for (C) S-100, (D) epithelial membrane antigen, (E and F) vimentin and (G and H) thyroid transcription factor-1. C-E and G, magnification, ×20; F and H, magnification, ×40. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzbdozs086uc9cf863b.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3892402_fig02_258653.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunohistochemical staining images in tissue microarray (TMA) with breast tumor and normal tissues. TMAs with breast tumor and normal tissues were stained using anti-EphA10 antibody. Representative images of normal breast tissue (A), EphA10 negative breast cancer tissue (B), and EphA10 positive breast cancer tissues (C) are shown. Scale bar: 200 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4621396_F1_437617.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | LORETA images show cortical activation differences in gamma band at first session (T0) between CLI vs. CTR (A), RM vs. CTR (B), and RM vs. SGP, (C). Five views of the brain (lateral and medial left hemisphere, lateral and medial right hemisphere and ventral view) are shown for each comparison. Significant F-values (Bonferroni corrected) are reported. F-values colored scale is also shown for each comparison. Yellow, first group > second group; blue, second group > first group. CLI, All Clients; RM, Rome Clients; SGP, San Giuliano di Puglia Clients. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4452339_fig7_392433.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a)~(c) original image; (d)~(f) soft tissue extraction of lung; (g)~(i) images after dot-filter; (j)~(l) images after seven times for extracting the skeleton; (m)~(o) attached nodule extraction; (p)~(r) is the three-dimension display of the objects. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2565642_pntd-0000315-g003_28671.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Two diagnostic staining patterns in the indirect IF test for antischistosoma antibodies using sections of adult S. mansoni worms as antigen.Antibodies (anti-GAA) react with “gut associated antigens” of male and female parasites (A). Antibodies (anti-SA) react with interstitial parenchymal “somatic” structures (B). The former pattern is typical for recently acquired infection whereas the latter pattern is seen in chronic infection. Magnification in A 5× objective, B 10×. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4409146_pone.0121049.g005_380646.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Adiponectin deficiency is associated with increased basal cardiac fibrosis.Representative scanning electron micrographs of fixed left ventricular samples from Ad KO or wt C57BL/6 mice 2 or 4 weeks following sham or MTAB surgery. Magnifications shown are x1K, 2K or 5K as indicated. Images shown are representative of 5–10 images of n = 4 to 6 mice per group. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53374.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A 69-year-old painter presented with obstructive jaundice and weight loss. Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts were observed on CT scan. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a hilar stenosis suspect for a Klatskin tumor Bismuth type IIIa. Serum IgG4 was 1,440 mg/dl (normal <140 mg/dl). The stenosis dissolved completely after treatment with prednisolone (20 mg/day). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3621142_F7_197501.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Virus-mediated Ruc-GFP expression at the local tumor site of HCT-116-bearing mice. A) Analysis of GFP fluorescence intensity in GLV-1h68-treated mice during the course of the experiment. GFP intensity is determined by using a four level visual scoring system; 0) no GFP signal, 1) one spot, 2) two or three local spots, 3) diffuse signal from half the tumor, 4) strong signal from whole tumor. Average scores with standard errors for groups of five mice at each time point are presented. B) Fluorescence imaging of GFP expression at the local tumor site is shown for one representative mouse. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4172957_Fig9_322205.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
Immunohistologic analysis of wild type or
itr1aΔ itr3cΔ
mutant infected mouse brain. Antibody mediated immunofluorescent staining were performed using brain sections from mouse infected with the wild type H99 or the itr1aΔ itr3cΔ mutant strain. The stained sections were analyzed by confocal microscopy followed by 3D reconstructions of images. Tissue sections were stained for the host cell nuclei (DAPI, blue), fungal GXM (FITC-labeled GXM antibody 18B7, Green), host GFAP (astrocyte marker, red) or host Iba-1 (macrophage/microglia marker, red). Scale bar: 180 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3366969_pone-0038422-g002_140471.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | PDCCEs retain nuclear CDX2 expression and signet ring morphology observed in original patient tumors.A. Representative PDCCE (CRC039) retains nuclear CDX2 expression after 11 generations in mice. Images shown are at 20× magnification. B. Early passage PDCCEs retain signet ring morphology observed in original patient colorectal tumor. Images shown are at 40× magnification. C. Xenografts generated from WiDr and HT29 CRC cell lines lack histological features consistent with patient-derived explants including the presence of stroma and the formation of glands. Images shown are at 20× magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42291.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 59-year-old female with adenocarcinoma, clear-cell variant. T2 fat-saturated MR image in the coronal plane demonstrates a mass (*) inferior to the urinary bladder (#). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4586495_F2_427970.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Ovarian pathology in KiLHRD582G mice. Representative photomicrographs of H&E stained ovary sections of WT and KiLHRD582G mice. At least three animals per age and genotype were examined. Higher magnification of the boxed areas in sections of KiLHRD582G mice at 4, 6, 12, and 24 weeks are shown in the last column. C, hemorrhagic cyst; GCT, granulosa cell tumor; AF, atretic follicle. Arrow indicates tubulostromal hyperplasia. Scale bars represent 100 μm. From Hai et al. (45). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4695657_fig1_457709.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Anteroposterior radiographs of both femurs. (a) Mixed lytic-sclerotic lesions on the right femur. (b) Mixed lytic-sclerotic lesions on the left femur and a lytic destructive process with eccentric localization and a narrow zone of transition at diaphysis of the left femur extending to the left subtrochanteric region. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1297611_F2_3976.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Representative CT scan of one animal at three different levels (apical, middle, basal). (a) Expiratory occlusion (10 cmH2O) before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +1%, VNORM +15%, VPOOR +17%, VNON -30%, VGAS +11%. (b) Inspiratory occlusion at plateau pressure before and after the recruitment maneuver. Lung volumes in this animal changed as follows: VHYP +6%, VNORM +17%, VPOOR +26%, VNON -29%, VGAS +17%. VGAS, intrathoracic gas volume; VHYP, volume of hyperinflated lung parenchyma; VNON, volume of nonaerated lung parenchyma; VNORM, volume of normally aerated lung parenchyma; VPOOR, volume of poorly aerated lung parenchyma. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3760451_F4_228756.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Scanning electron micrographs of intact plant surfaces.Eucalyptus adaxial leaf surfaces: (A) ×400, (D) ×1,000, and (G) ×9,000. Pepper fruit surfaces: (B) ×200, (E) ×400, and (H) ×1,000. Peach fruit surfaces: (C) ×100, (F) ×500, and (I) ×1,300. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27367.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Additional delayed image following several minutes of prone position demonstrates a small amount of contrast progressing to the jejunum (arrow). There is persistent dilatation of the proximal duodenum (asterisk). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3676291_f6-cmped-3-2009-039_209766.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Anterior instrumentation surgery. Lateral radiographs before and after surgery
(By courtesy of Dr. Tomasz Kotwicki).
|
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3847524_F4_247553.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Localization of AtTCTP. Distribution of AtTCTP-GFP in seven days old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. AtTCTP-GFP was expressed under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. A and B show cytosolic distribution of AtTCTP-GFP in leaf epidermal cells using different magnifications. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3888012_f2_257905.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Hybrid SPECT/CT images of the pelvis showing focal tracer uptake in small left inguinal lymph node (Triangulation). Also noted is intense traceractivity in the vulva (site of injection) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3021502_pone-0014537-g001_84205.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical study of normal central cornea and limbus with cytokeratin 3 (Krt3), connexin 43 (CX43) and ΔNp63 monoclonal antibodies.In normal limbus (A, C, E), p63 could be detected in the basal epithelial layer (200×, A); Krt3 was detected in the suprabasal epithelial cells (200×, C); CX43 was found in the suprabasal epithelial cells (200×, E). In normal central cornea (B, D, F), no staining of p63 was observed (200×, B); Krt3 could be detected throughout the epithelial cells (200×, D); CX43 was also expressed throughout the epithelial cells (200×, F). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16985.jpg | what type of imaging modality is seen in this image? | pet - positron emission |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_brain/train_2375.jpg | Is meningioma in posterior fossa present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3934305_fig1_269344.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI depicting intrahepatic bile duct dilation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2522.jpg | Does this image show fixed tissue i think discrete lesion well shown? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40543.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Transplant kidney and the vascular supply. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2923175_F2_71411.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Postoperative cholangiography. Postoperative cholangiography from the retrograde transhepatic biliary drainage tube (RTBD), which was inserted into B6. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28855.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Axial section at apical level |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3858366_pone-0083347-g003_250820.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Mitochondrial localization of Zn2+ induced ROS production.Cultures were co-loaded with MitoTracker Green and MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos (MTR-CMH2) and confocal images (1000x) obtained prior to Zn2+ treatment (t = 0 min), at the end of the 5 min 300 μM Zn2+/pyrithione exposure (t = 5 min), and 5 min after washout (t = 10 min). Note the marked increase in MTR-CMH2 fluorescence that co-localizes with MitoTracker Green, strongly suggestive of a mitochondrial site of ROS production. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzhdp6c086u7q7gdibw.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Lower-right, Center-right, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2848576_pone-0009935-g004_60958.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Ca2+ imaging of Hela cells by using BRAC.(A) Fluorescence image of Hela cells expressing BRAC. Emission signal from Venus (B) and RLuc8 (C). (D) A series of pseudo-colored BRET images showing Ca2+ dynamics taken every 1 second. (E) Time course of averaged intensity of RLuc8 (gray line) and Venus (black line) at a cell shown in (B). (F) Time course of ΔR/R0 at the same cell. (G) Time course of averaged intensity of Hela cell expressing G5A. 10 µM histamine treatment were done at ∼100 second. Scale bar, 20 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67895.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography of the prostate – perfusion option. Parametric map of blood flow. Focal lesion of pathologically high blood flow in the right peripheral zone. Lesion extends outside prostate through the capsule, goes into the central zone at the right site |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3871160_pone-0082375-g001_253690.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The morphology observation of the endometrium with HE staining of the four groups.1 -A: experimental group I, 1-B: control group I, 1-C: experimental group II, 1-D: control group II. Significantly thicker endometrial lining was observed in experimental groups compared with the corresponding control groups. The endometrial lining was significantly thicker in experimental group I than that of experimental group II, and there was no significant difference between control group I and control group II (HE, ×80). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzjdp8s086u5k6p93i3.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Upper-center |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3673344_fig3_209231.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Confocal laser scanning microscopic images of cross sections of a novel threadlike structure (NTS) within a rabbit lymphatic vessel. (a) The lymphatic vessel wall is stained red (DiI), and the rod-shaped nuclei (YOYO-1; green) are visible along the vessel wall. The dotted square is magnified in (b). (b) The long arrow indicates the nucleus in the outermost membrane, and the 2 short arrows and the asterisk indicate the NTS-associated outermost membrane and nucleus, respectively. Scale bars in (a) and (b) are 20 μm and 10 μm, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4462092_f1_395168.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Anatomy of GFP transgenic silkworms.A, Bright field; B, Under excitation light; C, Dissection in brightfield; D, Dissection under excitation light. The left pictures of C and D show the dissected whole body after removal of the gut. The fat body was distributed under the epidermal tissue. The right pictures of C and D show isolated gut. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3016292_F1_83102.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Four Cases with advanced RCC which original sites showed the highest value of SUV among all RCC sites and their prognosis. The patients with advanced RCCs having high values of SUV max demonstrated poor clinical courses. SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; CT, computed tomography; PET, positron emission tomography; Fused PET/CT, fusion of PET and CT. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4315584_pone.0116632.g001_355192.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | An MRI performed on a healthy subject using spin-echo T1-weighted imaging.We obtained axial slices of the normal brain. The anatomical structures of the subarachnoid space were labeled according to the following method. The subarachnoid area of each cerebral hemisphere was divided into 5 regions (frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and Sylvian fissure), and the subarachnoid areas of the cerebellum and the brainstem were divided into two relatively independent regions. Then, the number of regions, ranging from 0 to 12, of the subarachnoid area of the entire brain, excluding the ventricular system, was determined. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4218980_Fig2_332516.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images through the foveal region prior to (a/c) and after (b/d) three aflibercept injections in two cases with persistent edema with prior ranibizumab therapy. Despite the resolution of intraretinal/subretinal fluid and a slight regression of the PED, the two eyes lost more than 3 lines in vision. Both eyes had some degree of pre-existing subfoveal RPE changes (arrows in a/c). Post aflibercept treatment, RPE atrophy appears more evident (arrows in b/d). However progression of preexisting atrophy cannot be concluded due to a potential “masquerading” effect of edema present prior to switch of treatment |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_57944.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Preoperative x-ray (AP view). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4445484_Fig1_390038.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Dimensions, morphometry, and histology of 4T1 tumor tissue sections of the non-treated and treated groups. a Tumor volume. b Tumor area (morphometry). c Percentage of necrosis area (morphometry). d Description of coagulation necrosis. e–h Histopathological aspects by H&E staining, showing a central area of necrotic tissue surrounded by viable tumor cells in the peripheral areas of tumors without treatment (control group, e) and those of the treatment groups Rh2Cit (f), Magh-Rh2Cit (g), and Magh-Cit (h). Pyknotic nuclei (white arrow). Karyolysis (black arrow). Karyorrhexis (arrow head). Bars = 0.5 mm |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4528349_Fig1_412945.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a bilobed image with protrusion through the umbilicus, with attenuation coefficients of 3, 7 and 45 HU; after administration of contrast enhancement they reached 6, 16 and 88 HU. Multiplanar reconstructions showed that its origin was intra-abdominal, adjacent to a loop of small intestine, and the possibility of a mesothelioma was considered |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4139834_ijms-15-12135-f001_314477.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Radiological images of bone cancer-bearing tibiae of rat. (A) 7 days after implantation of walker 256 cells, obvious periosteal reaction was detected; (B) On day 21 after tumor implantation, significant cortical bone defect was observed in the cell-inoculated tibia bone; and (C) There were no radiological changes were observed in the ipsilateral tibia bone following culture media injection on day 21. (a–c) showing the proximal end of the ipsilateral tibia bones (A–C) with a higher magnification. No radiological changes were observed in the contralateral tibia bone. The white box indicates the injection site. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3763424_f5-cancers-03-04281_229269.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Interleukin-4 immunoreactivity in prostate cancer sections. (A) H & E, (B) anti-IL-4 and (C) anti-IL-4 at higher magnification of a Gleason 3 + 3 prostate cancer showing increased intensity and disorder of anti-IL-4 staining in the malignant glands (circled) when compared with the surrounding normal prostate tissue; (D) H & E and (E) anti-IL-4 in a Gleason 3 + 4 cancer; (F) H & E and (G) anti-IL-4 staining in a Gleason 4 + 4 cancer. These images are representative of nine malignant tumors sectioned. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141345_Fig3_315005.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Osteosarcoma of the tibia: coronal T1WI (a) shows a large hypointense lesion in the proximal tibia, which breaks through the bony cortex and invades the adjacent soft tissue. Corresponding DWI (b = 700 s/mm2) (b) reveals restricted proton diffusion, consistent with malignancy. Tumoral necrosis (in the centre of the tumour) displays a less hyperintense signal. (Images published by Markus U., Reichardt W. and Kontny U. in MRI: New Developments in Bone Tumor Imaging. Magnetom Flash 2/2011© used with permission of Prof. U. Markus) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2512.jpg | What is present? | hyperplasia |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36246.jpg | What is shown in this image? | GT was defined by consensus among the three IRs. FVs are highlighted in red on a paper copy of the 2D angiogram |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3775727_pone-0074871-g001_231990.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Urine protein, renal function, renal histopathology, and hyalinosis/sclerosis.(A) Urine protein time-course study. (B) Serum BUN levels on days 7, 14, and 28. (C) Serum creatinine levels on days 7, 14, and 28. (D) Kidney histopathological evaluation by H&E staining on days 7, 14, and 28. The arrows indicate hyalinosis/sclerosis, and the rectangles EPHLs. (E) Immunohistochemical staining for renal Col-IV. In D and E, the original magnification was 400× and the scoring is shown on the right. In the histograms, the data are the mean±SEM for seven mice per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. #, not detectable. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4583178_Fig3_426984.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Coronal T1- and T2-weighted image with associated immuno-histochemistry of ex vivo fetal sheep brain exposed to lipopolysaccharide. a T1 hyperintensity (arrowhead) with b histological staining using ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the corresponding area (arrowhead). c At higher magnification, the area shows dense macrophage-like microglia within the core of the periventricular white matter lesions (arrowhead). Microglia surrounding the core lesion demonstrates amoeboid/activated morphology (black arrow). The dotted line delineates the core of the lesion from the surrounding tissue. a and b are adapted from [105] |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67584.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Delayed axial post-contrast computed tomography image showing irregular thickening of the right posterolateral bladder wall involving the ureterovesical junction |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1526624_F5_6387.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Ultrastructural in situ hybridization for cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) mRNA in samples taken from the area with macroscopically normal appearance of osteoarthritic tissue. (a) A type 2 cell is depicted with staining for COMP mRNA (arrows); inset shows a higher magnification. (b) Staining for COMP mRNA (arrow) in a type 1 cell. (c) Note that the gold particles (arrow) are found only in the cytoplasm adjacent to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Bars, 0.3 μm in (a) and (b) and 0.25 μm in (c) and inset (a). n, nucleus. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2710761_F0004_41596.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Columnar and cercariform cells demonstrating a fishtail-like end. Papanicolaou stain, ×400 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4687276_Fig8_455309.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Histological examination of the repaired bone tissues at 4 weeks after implantation. a and b Control group. c and d BMSCs/PRP gel group. e and f CaP particles group. g and h PRP gel/CaP particles group. I and j BMSC sheet/CaP particles group. k and l BMSC sheet/PRP gel/CaP particles group. b, d, f, h, j, l higher magnifications of a, c, e, g, i, k respectively. w woven bone tissue, c cortical bone tissue, f fibrous tissue. Arrow residual particles. Scale bar 300 μm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4248471_Fig7_340417.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Fundoscopy of patient #1. Fundoscopy images of the right (A) and left (B) eyes of patient #1, demonstrating sub choroidal lesions involving the macula densa. (C,D) Red free imaging produced by a blue wavelength confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope demonstrating the extent of these lesions in the right (C) and left (D) eyes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3247073_F4_120217.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Superimposing of the subvolume. Superimposing of the subvolume with the initial CT scan (demonstrated in different planes A-D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4491654_pharmaceuticals-08-00176-f002_403040.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Effects of edaravone on the expression of the immunoreactivity of NeuN and p-CaMK II in the hippocampus (A) and DCX in the dentate gyrus (B) of the mouse hippocampus. Sagittal sections three days after 2VO surgery were stained with specific antibodies against NeuN (red), p-CaMK II (green) or DCX (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Representative immunohistochemical stainings were shown from eight images per each group. The scale bars of A and B show 200 μm and 100 μm, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4677233_fig4_453196.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Double-labeled immunostaining of OX47 with GFAP in DRG 3 days after SNL. (a) Representative confocal microscopy shows that OX47 immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the extracellular matrix around DRG neurons and partially overlapped with flattened SGCs positive for GFAP. (b) Higher magnification of selected area in (a). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2374454_F2_22011.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Macroscopic observation. Femoral and tibial articular cartilage stained with India ink. Cartilage lesions are indicated by arrowheads. Lat, lateral; Med, medial. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4645479_Fig2_443974.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Markings of the anatomical landmarks for the measurement of the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance. The deepest point of the trochlear groove, the points of tangency of the posterior femoral condyles, and the most prominent point of the tibial tubercle are identified and marked. a CT of the distal femur. b MRI of the distal femur with cartilaginous landmarks. c MRI of the distal femur with osseous landmarks. d CT of the proximal tibia. e MRI of the proximal tibia |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3030506_F2_85755.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Effects of MWCNT on macrophages in vitro - light microscopy observations. Representative light microscopy images of RAW 264.7 cells exposed for 24 h to culture medium alone (Control) or 100 μg/ml of carbon black (CB), crocidolite fibres, NT1, NT2 or NT3. Original magnification: x 20. Abbreviations are the same as in Figure 1. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21012.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 26-year-old female with chest pain and breathlessness diagnosed with pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma. Post-contrast axial CT sections from the pelvis show homogenously enhancing soft-tissue attenuation mass lesion (horizontal and vertical arrows) in the pelvis, abutting the small and large bowel loops without causing any obstruction. Ascites is also noted. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4543927_fig4s2_416028.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Retrograde flow of GFP-Lpd (850–1250aa) and GFP-LZ-Lpd (850–1250aa) with the actin cytoskeleton.(A, B) Representative kymographs showing retrograde flow of (A) monomeric GFP-Lpd850−1250aa and (B) mCherry-Actin in XTC cells. Images were acquired every 5 s. Scale bars, 5 µm and 5 min. (C, D) Representative kymographs showing retrograde flow of (C) monomeric GFP-Lpd850−1250aa and (D) dimeric GFP-LZ-Lpd850−1250aa. Compared to (A, B), images were acquired every 2 s. Scale bars, 5 µm and 1 min.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06585.010 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4484487_F2_400807.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Tumor expression of mesothelin in lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated using immunohistochemistryRepresentative images are depicted (original magnification x400). Focal cytoplasmic immunostaining of 2+ intensity in 15% cells A., membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining of 2+ intensity in 1% cells B., membranous immunostaining in of 3+ intensity in 30% cells C., membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining of 3+ intensity in 60% cells D., membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining of 3+ intensity in 80% cells E., membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining of 3+ intensity in 100% cells F. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90f4074ye7j9g6n5.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3492304_pone-0049109-g005_164612.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged FPS1S and FPS2 proteins.Confocal laser scanning micrographs showing the distribution of fluorescence in agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana epidermal cells transiently co-expressing FPS1S-GFP (A), GFP-FPS1S (E), FPS2-GFP (I) or GFP-FPS2 (M) with the peroxisome protein marker CFP-SKL (B, F, J and N). Co-localization evaluation of GFP-tagged FPS proteins with the peroxisome protein marker (C, G, K and O). Differential interference contrast (DIC) images showing the morphology of transformed cells (D, H, L and P). Scale bars = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2822420_F0001_56835.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (a) X-ray dorso lumbar spine antero posterior view showing idiopathic scoliotic deformity (b) X-ray dorso lumbar spine antero posterior view showing good coronal correction of an idiopathic scoliotic deformity at five years post operative (c) MRI T2WI Axial shows rotation of the vertebral body (Pre operative) (d) CT Scan Axial image shows appreciable derotation post operatively |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07198.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | X-ray control after 3 months. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38790.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | FSE, T2WI, sagittal plane. Callosal involvement in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3784266_fig7_233884.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Microscopic pathology: H-E stain at 200x at the lesion of the right femur: the specimen demonstrated large osteoclasts and uniform mononuclear cells with ovoid nuclei, giant cells containing about 50 to 100 nuclei, and ill-defined cytoplasm with very few intercellular collagen. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3922429_F5_266620.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Histological images of livers from animals treated with SAS or NM-202 for 28 or 84 days. (A, B) Light microscopic images of an inflammatory granuloma after 84-days of exposure for (A) SAS high dose (magnification: 200x), and (B) NM-202 high dose (magnification: 200x). (C) Apoptosis after 28-days of exposure (SAS low dose, H&E staining; magnification: 200x), and (D) apoptosis after 28-days of exposure (NM-202 high dose; immunohistochemically stained apoptosis; magnification: 200x). (E) Necrosis after 28-days of exposure (NM-202 medium dose; magnification: 25x), and (F, G) fibrosis after 84-days of exposure to the (F) SAS high dose (magnification 100x), and (G) NM-202 high dose (magnification 100x). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3961027_fig5123_275558.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Chest X-Ray Showing Bulging of Left Heart Border |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4297964_f2_351068.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Programmed cell death in the regressed processes.(a–b). Full image of a fry immediately after birth (a) and an enlarged image of the regressed process, a vestige of the trophotaenia in the fry (b). Scale bar: 2 mm (a) and 200 μm (b). (c). Hematoxylin-eosin-stained section of the regressed processes in the fry. Scale bar: 50 μm. (d–i). Fluorescent immunochemistry to detect the apoptotic cells in the trophotaenial placenta (2nd and 4th weeks) and the regressed processes (fry). Scale bar: 500 μm. (j–k). Confocal microscopy of fluorescent immunochemistry to detect the apoptotic cells in the regressed processes. The asterisks indicate the apoptotic cells defined by fragmented nuclei. Scale bar: 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3224835_f4_117205.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Electron micrographs of the astrocytes (A, C) and oligodendrocytes (B, D) of bilateral optic nerves. A and B, control; C and D, treated. Astrocytes (as); oligodendrocyte (oligo); swelling mitochondria (arrows); rough endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles (double arrows), and condensed chromatin (arrowheads). Scale bars: C and D;10,000×; A and B; 8,000×. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8908s074yf1acgvry.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15320.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Chest X-ray showing deviation and compression of the trachea |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4314409_f5-ijmm-35-03-0675_354594.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative S100P immunostaining in ulcerative tumor samples. (A) An ulcerative tumor showing diffuse, strong positivity (panoramic view). (B) Marked and (C) mild intratumoral heterogeneous immunostaining (panoramic view). (D) A tumor ruptured with abscess formation showing negative staining. Neutrophils scattering within the tumor and forming abscess displaying strong reactivity (magnification, ×200). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41ehj0832d31f9acd.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3702604_pone-0068747-g003_215943.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Cardiac histopathology at different times and in different groups.Representative images of myocardial cells at the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 11th week [observed with a Brightfield microscope under 40× magnification (Olympus BX 51, Japan) were presented. During the 5–7th week after operation, the myocardial cells revealed an ordered arrangement and normal intercellular space without nuclear degeneration. However, at the 9th week, the time-dependent increase of interstitial fibrosis, edema, degeneration, necrosis, and myocyte hypertrophy was observed in the BRL group when compared to the Banded group. BRL group: HF group with β3-AR agonist BRL37344 injection; non-BRL: HF group without BRL37344 injection. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pz1e9z083290wz8o35.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2883967_F4_65944.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemical profiling of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. (A) - (C) Hematoxylin and eosin stains of normal cortical kidney tissue, oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC respectively; (D) - (F) Aquaporin 6 immunostaining showing membranous staining in oncocytoma but absent staining in chromophobe RCC; (G) - (I) Parafibromin immunostaining showing strong nuclear expression in oncocytoma and tubular epithelium but absent staining in chromophobe RCC; (J) - (L) Cytokeratin 7 immunostaining showing distinct cytoplasmic staining in chromophobe RCC but absent staining in oncocytoma; (M) - (O) Synaptogyrin 3 immunostaining showing cytoplasmic staining in chromophobe RCC but absent staining in oncocytoma. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01027.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Postoperative panoramic view of titanium plate and screw placement. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3681217_fig5_210977.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | This figure shows the 3D images of the new bone. The top of each image corresponds to the front part of the rats, where the cathode is connected, and the bottom is the back part, where the anode is attached. (a), (c), and (e) display the results of the ES groups after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of bone repair, respectively. (b), (d), and (f) are the corresponding images of the control groups, in which non-ES was performed. In the ES groups, the new bone mostly formed on bilateral sides, whereas the new bone was U-shape in the non-ES groups. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40317.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | T1-weighted sagittal MRI revealing a pituitary tumor with minimal suprasellar extension in a child |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3400638_pone-0041281-g001_145874.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | AST-120 reduces cardiac fibrosis in the STNx model.Representative LV images (Picrosirius red staining, magnification, X0.8) show patchy fibrosis, stained in red, in STNx + vehicle which is significantly increased compared to sham. Treatment with AST-120 significantly reduces cardiac fibrosis in the STNx model. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001 vs Sham; ##p<0.01 vs STNx + vehicle. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic32694.jpg | what is abnormal in the x-ray? | stress fracture |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3697143_fig7_214783.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Univariate simple effects hypothesis tests results for the alcoholic subject at three slice levels that include the amygdala and the language areas of the brain are presented. Particularly note the increased activation shown in the emotional state in the amygdala. On the bottom two rows are presented: the hypothesis tests for the emotional state for each individual input stimulus as well as the stimulus effect through slices that include both Broca's and Wernicke's language areas of the brain. The resultants indicate that the emotional state was the major contributor to the omnibus hypothesis test results shown in Figure 3 in the language area. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3904976_pone-0087167-g002_262156.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Sagittal images of a patient with a bone metastasis.Top row: baseline (left) and early response (right) PET/CT images. Bottom row: volumes of interest (shown in red) projected onto the baseline (first image) and early response scans (other images) that were obtained using (from left to right): A50 defined on baseline scan, A50 defined on early response scan, and global rigid PET, local rigid CT, non-rigid PET and non-rigid CTPET image registration. All images are shown using the same colour scales. Abbreviations: SUV, standardized uptake values; HU, hounsfield units; A50, 3 dimensional (semi-)automatic isocontour method at 50% of the maximum pixel value that corrects for local background. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_29184.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Chest X-ray (posterior anterior view) in a subject suffering from anthracofibrosis. Please note the non-specific infiltration in the left lower zone and the mass lesion in the right lower zone. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09131.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Subcostal sagittal view from the right atrium, showing the Chiari net (arrow). It had been previously mistaken as an abnormal mass |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3843563_F4_246683.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Neurovascular phenotypes in magnetic resonance imaging. The cranial and cervical magnetic resonance angiography displays the tortuous appearances of the carotid, middle cerebral (A) and vertebral arteries (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4576907_MDV289F1_425230.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (A–C) Lesion in the right ilium detected by all three modalities: (A) axial 99mTc-MDP SPECT; (B) axial CT; (C) axial 18F-NaF PET. (D and E) Example of 18F-NaF PET signal emphasizing a CT abnormality in the left posterior elements of the L5 vertebral body: (D) axial CT; (E) 18F-NaF PET. (F–J) Examples of lesions only identified on 18F-NaF PET/CT. Vertebral metastases: (F) 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy coronal image. (G) CT sagittal reconstruction. (H) 18F-NaF PET sagittal reconstruction showing metastases with low tracer uptake (arrows). Metastasis in the inferior pubic ramus: (I) axial CT image; (J) 18F-NaF PET image. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4329606_F4_358551.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Localization of NPC4 is not changed by Al treatment. Influence of AlCl3 on localization of AtNPC4 was observed in 7-day-old stable Arabidopsis transformants (GFP:AtNPC4, upper panels) and transiently transformed tobacco pollen tubes (AtNPC4:YFP, lower panels) by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bars, 10 μm. NPC, non-specific phospholipase C. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4407925_fig05_380404.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Perfusion maps of a patient with LAD disease for the mid-cavity slice obtained by (a) ARMA, (b) exponential, and (c) Fermi deconvolution. The perfusion maps are represented as function of spatial resolution level and direction of spatial averaging. Perfusion estimates are in mL/g/min. Transmural perfusion variations across the myocardium wall in ischemic regions have been disappeared at 20 and 10% of original resolution in transmural direction averaging for exponential and Fermi methods. However, for angular direction averaging, the endocardium, epicardium, and their transmural perfusion differences are still distinguishable from each other at 20 and 10% resolution levels in ischemic regions. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1152.jpg | Does high excellent steroid show lungs, hyaline membrane disease? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3691407_Fig4_213584.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A case requiring anterior debridement, and rib strut grafting (the “Hong Kong Operation”) combined with posterior instrumentation to preserve the sagittal alignment in a case with multi-level infection. Pre-operative X-rays (a, b) and the MRI (c) showing the extent of involvement, and post-operative X-rays (d, e) showing restoration of normal kyphosis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3551908_pone-0053660-g001_180576.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Examples of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in highly myopic eyes.ICGA (left) and SD-OCT (right) in highly myopic eyes without lacquer crack (top), with linear lacquer cracks (middle), or with stellate lacquer cracks (bottom). (Top). No lacquer cracks shown on ICGA and SD-OCT reveals a choroidal layer of normal thickness. (Middle). Linear lacquer cracks seen on ICGA and SD-OCT shows a mildly reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness. (Bottom). Stellate lacquer cracks seen on ICGA and SD-OCT reveals a markedly reduced subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to top right and middle right. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_58909.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The brain lesion recurred 7 mo later after the ACNU chemotherapy (red arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2639603_F1_34273.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | A triple bile duct injury, with right and left hepatic duct ligation and common bile duct cross-section (Bismuth type V), was revealed in magnetic resonance imaging. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4332977_fig6_359969.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A nasogastric tube is used to execute the hanging maneuver to facilitate anterior parenchymal transection right down on to the IVC at the junction between RHV and MHV identified to be tumour-free on intraoperative ultrasound. |
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