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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46453.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | skull and contents |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73583.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computed tomographic scan of a recently detorsed cecum surrounded by “inflammatory-like” reaction and an air bubble filled normal appendix.. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4180505_Fig4_323912.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
Thoracic contrast-enhanced CT findings of aortitis before and after steroid therapy. A-1 and A-2. Before steroid therapy, the thoracic contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated thickening of the aortic wall at the level of the ascending aorta and aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, and left subclavian artery with a contrast effect. B-1 and B-2. After steroid therapy, the thickening of the aortic wall had disappeared completely. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4140145_fig21_314544.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | One-year radiographic follow-up. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0636.jpg | What is large excess there of? | of mature and small differentiated lymphocytes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7906w074y679nfpeg.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57482.jpg | is this a t2 weighted image? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3592834_pone-0059131-g001_190797.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
E. plantagineum L.(A) Flower. (B) Bee pollen pellets. (C) Pollen grain (1000× magnification). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49618.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Investigation with computed tomography shows a 12×9×14mm tumor in the right lower pulmonary lobe in a 22-year-old man with aggressive adrenocorticotropic hormone-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Tumor indicated by an arrow. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3730748_f1-rmmj-4-3-e0018_222007.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Angiography 12 Months Post-CABG.The unsupported vein graft show marked non-uniform expansion compared to the supported grafts. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4631830_F4_440357.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Spongiform changes in cerebellar slices 9 weeks post exposure to 22L prions. Following antigen denaturation, PrPd was detected with mAb 4H11 (green), Purkinje cells were detected using anti-calbindin mAb (red). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst. Cerebellar slices exposed to Mock brain homogenate served as controls (data not shown). Samples were analyzed by confocal microscopy using the tile scanning and z-stack functions with identical imaging settings. Consecutive sections through the slice were imaged every 0.9 μm from the bottom to the top. Shown are nine consecutive sections from the z-layer of the slices. Arrows mark vacuolations. Scale bar: 50 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1944.jpg | Is autopsy left club foot? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3141714_F1_103082.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the liver with contrast enhancement obtained during the first week of admission showing a normal hepatobiliary tree. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3722281_pone-0069389-g004_219915.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Human HCC samples display cytoplasmic localization of p16.Control gastric (A) and endometrial (B) carcinoma samples displaying nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for p16. (C–F) Representative images of HCC samples displaying different levels and localization of p16 staining. Note the absence of nuclear staining in panels (D and E). All images are at 200X magnification. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55310.jpg | what type of imaging modality is seen in this image? | bas - barium swallow |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4458873_f5_394170.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Importance of C328 in the response of the vimentin network to electrophilic and oxidative stress.SW13 cells stably transfected with RFP//vimentin wt or C328S were treated with 10 μM HNE for 4 h, 30 μM PGA1 for 20 h or 1 mM diamide for 20 min. (a) Vimentin network visualized by IF. Insets depict cytoplasmic RFP fluorescence and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclear staining; n≥3. (b) IF of tubulin. Insets show vimentin distribution and zoom-ins of areas of interest. Scale bars, 20 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41500.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 62-year-old woman with pleomorphic liposarcoma in the left perirenal area. Axial post-contrast CT image depicts a solid soft-tissue mass lacking macroscopic fat. Note that contrast enhancement increases compared to well-differentiated liposarcoma (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3454434_pone-0045974-g002_156987.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Echinostoma caproni secretes exosome-like vesicles.Production of E. caproni vesicles seen by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different magnifications: ×100000 (A), ×200000 (C), ×80000 (B, D). t: tegument; mvb; multivesicular bodies. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3045941_F10_88414.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Topography, surface potential and dC/dZ (amplitude and phase) images of 80 nm thick film of PVAC/PS blend on ITO glass. The images in A were obtained in air and the images in B in high humidity (RH = 95%). The contrast covers height corrugations in the 0–35 nm range, surface potential variations in 0–0.6 V range, dC/dZ amplitude alternations in the 0–180 mV range and dC/dZ phase changes in the 0–20 degrees range in both sets of the images. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_55688.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (Patient #7) Transthoracic echocardiogram (parasternal long axis view) showing thickened aortic valve leaflets with vegetations and the entry site of rupture (arrow) from the right sinus of Valsalva into the dissecting cystic-like false cavity in the interventricular septum (see also video 1). AO = aorta, FC = false cavity, LA = left atrium, LV = left ventricle. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43704.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Abdominal X-ray after disimpaction demonstrates a slightly ill-defined rounded density measuring 3.5 × 4 cm with an irregular appearing rim-like calcification seen in the pelvis, consistent with a fecaloma with a rim of calcification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08710.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Postoperative MR imaging on the latest follow-up. Coronal (A) and sagittal (B) enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging showed no residual or recurrence of the tumor (arrowhead) during the following up period of 1 year. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3211446_F5_114894.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Micrographs of the distributions of nuclei and TiO2 nanoparticles in HeLa cells. (a) the distribution of nuclei (blue), (b) the distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles (red), (c) DIC micrograph, and (d) the merged image of (a), (b), and (c), in which the violet color denotes the co-localization of TiO2 nanoparticles with nuclei. The images displayed at the bottom and right side of (d) were the X-Z and Y-Z profiles measured along the lines marked in the main image, showing the 3D distributions of TiO2 nanoparticles and nuclei. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4269213_fig1_345309.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Multiparametric MRI data of a 67-years old male patient diagnosed with prostate cancer. T2w-MRI (a), DW-MRI (b = 1000) (b), ADC (c), DCE-MRI wash-in/wash-out map (d), and DCE-MRI time curve (e). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4086594_F2_304392.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Intraoral clinical photograph showing minimal right side buccal sulcus swelling |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4440264_Fig3_388551.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Muscle images of thighs in patients with anti-SRP antibodies. (a) Muscle atrophy on MRI T1 images. (b) High signal intensity on MRI STIR images. (c) Increased signals on MRI STIR images (upper) and muscle atrophy in CT (lower) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4536990_F8_414684.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histopathology analysis of H. pylori-infected mice without treatment or after treatment with PPI-triple therapy antibiotics or TP4Sections were stained with HE to score gastric inflammation during infection and after therapy (A). Images at higher magnification to view immune cell infiltration are shown in (B). (C) H. pylori-specific special stained slides. Scale bar: 200 μm |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3951283_pone-0091075-g004_273562.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | High-resolution RSNs derived from bSSFP images.T1W FSE anatomical references, bSSFP images at high-resolution (in-plane resolution 1.88×1.88 mm2, matrix size = 128×128, reconstructed to 240×240 by zero-filling) and zoomed and segmented brain images. High-resolution bSSFP images well corresponded to their T1W references, with RSNs exquisitely co-localized to the gray matter without any co-registration. T1W images were segmented into white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4421077_fig4_383577.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Original images (a) and the corresponding images with additive Gaussian noise (b); denoised images: best result with GF (c), best result with MF (d), best result with PM filter (e), and best result with directional anisotropic diffusion filter (f). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gm1s56v071u7cwvakrg.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05795.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Pelvic magnetic resonance on sagittal T2-weight sequence, showing a hypointense nodule in the bladder dome, with 21 mm maximum diameter and regular limits |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2698848_F2_40312.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Nuclear localization of four BnWRKY proteins. Transgenic (T2) Arabidopsis roots of five-day old seedlings were observed under confocal microscope. Panels A-E represent the subcellular localization of BnWRKY6-sGFP, BnWRKY25-sGFP, BnWRKY33-sGFP, BnWRKY75-sGFP and pCsGFPBT vector control, respectively. In each case, the extreme left panel is GFP fluorescence, the middle bright field and the right represents an overlay of the two images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3735533_f1-etm-06-01-0015_223206.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Abdominal ultrasound images. (A) Fast Fourier Transform (left) and color Doppler ultrasongraphy (US) (right) images during deep expiration reveal hepatopetal blood flow (red) in the right portal vein branch. (B) Fast Fourier Transform (left) and color Doppler US (right) images during deep inspiration demonstrate hepatofugal blood flow (blue). Images were acquired in February 2012. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3537650_F1_177100.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Coronary angiography showed no significant stenosis of the coronary arteries (left coronary artery[A,B] and right coronary artery [C]). Left ventriculography showed systolic apical ballooning with mild basal hypercontraction [D,E]. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4361687_pone.0119589.g001_368141.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Frankfurt reorientation of the original CT DICOM data.After identifying the orbitale and porions on the 3D volume rendered skulls (black arrows, Fig. 1A and 1B), the Multiplanar Reconstruction function was used at 1mm slick thickness to identify the axial oriented slice that included the three defining points (white arrow) of the Frankfurt plane (Fig. 1C, scale bar = 3cm). The Multiplanar Reconstruction tool (not shown) can be used to identify any desired plane according to 3D landmarks using this function. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2777141_F6_50716.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunostaining of SP-C. hESC were grown with the ALI differentiation protocol for 20 days (B-D). Images of two different cell lines (VUB03_DM1 (B-C) and VUB04_CF (D) were scanned by confocal microscopy after immunostaining with SP-C antibody (green) and nuclear DAPI staining (blue). Figure 6A shows immunostaining of SP-C in fetal lung (20 weeks old). Original magnification 200× (A,B) and 600× (C-D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3032972_fig3_86106.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | FISH analysis of peripheral lymphocytes treated with etoposide. a) and b) Normal methaphase with two MLL copies at 11q23 and translocated nucleus presenting the separation of signals, respectively. c) Normal metaphase with two IGH gene copies at 14q32. d) Translocated nucleus presenting the separation of signals. e) Normal metaphase showing chromosome pair 8 (WCP 8 Spectrum-Green) and chromosome pair 11 (WCP 11 Spectrum-orange). f) Partial metaphase showing a triradial chromosome involving both chromosomes. g) Partial metaphase showing a chromatid break. Figures of altered cells correspond to 1 μL/mL etoposide treatment. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4633649_f6_441342.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | VCAM-1 is expressed in arteries but not veins in response to TNF-a stimulation.TNF-a was injected into mice for 16 hours. en face confocal immunofluorescent images of VCAM-1 expression in the endothelium layer of mouse arteries (inner-curvature of aortic arch, thoracic aorta, infra-renal aorta) and vena cava (thoracic vena cava and infra-renal vena cava). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4015290_F3_287029.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Images of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) from the rodent inhalation study. Scanning electron microscopy images of MWCNT collected on the most populated stage of a Nano MOUDI, showing a well-dispersed material. The images represent four different magnifications indicated by the scale bars (20, 10, 5, and 1 um). The 5 μm scale bar had a pore size (dark circles) of 2.5 μm and the other three figures had a pore size of 0.1 μm. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the material was 1.5 μm. The count mode aerodynamic diameter was ~400 nm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4657087_fig3_447134.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Examples of fMRI motor activation in areas around the central sulcus and supplementary motor area (SMA) for the condition of moving the affected hand. T1WI = T1 weighted imaging. In cases 4 and 5, a more unilateral pattern of activation is seen after intervention. In case 6, there is more activation in the affected hemisphere after intervention. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3359173_F1_139094.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Example uses of Cell-o-Tape. (a) Measuring diameter of cells in propidium iodide (PI) -stained cross sections of Arabidopsis roots, (b) measuring cell lengths in an Arabidopsis hypocotyl apical hook, walls marked with GFP, (c) measuring cell lengths in a bending Arabidopsis root responding to gravity, walls marked with GFP (d) measuring parameters of emerging root hairs on a PI-stained Arabidopsis root (inter-root hair distance and width of emerging hair). Output enhanced to increase visibility |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3546622_nutrients-04-02047-f003_179408.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Photograph of calcium sulfate precipitates formed inside the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) distillation assembly on the International Space Station (ISS), and scanning electron micrograph (inset) of precipitates formed during UPA ground tests. Photo and micrograph courtesy of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Project. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2872666_pone-0010675-g002_64282.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Radiographic images at presentation for Patient 1–3.Cut (mediastinal window) from mid thoracic region of the CT pulmonary angiogram of Patient 1 showing bilateral widespread nodular consolidation (A). The CTPA was reported as showing extensive inflammatory change in both lungs with solid consolidation of both lower lobes and right middle lobe; with widespread patchy infiltration in both upper lobes. CXR for Patient 2 (B) on day of intubation showed bilateral mid and lower zone consolidations, and possible left pleural fluid collection; and for Patient 3 (C) – extensive right lower lobe consolidation and patchy consolidation in left lower lobe; enlarged cardiothoracic ratio and evidence of pulmonary edema. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55906.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | angiosarcoma |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2636789_F2_33883.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | selective angiography of the right kidney showing giant angiomyolipomas before embolization. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3632609_pone-0059749-g005_200116.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Immunohistochemical localization of TDO in the cerebellum of 3xTg AD mice.TDO was located mainly in neurons (NeuN+) and microglia (BS-Isolectin-B4+), with minor expression in astrocytes (GFAP). Columns 2, 3 and 4 show the higher magnification views of the boxed areas in the first column (merged image). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_53118.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Sonohysterography on b mode |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3527386_pone-0052140-g002_174306.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Representative slices of the high resolution ex-vivo template demonstrating labeled cortical and subcortical structures.(A) Dorsal plane (horizontal) slice through the basal ganglia and thalamus. The fine structure of both the lateral geniculate nucleus and head of the hippocampus can be seen in this population average image. (B) Expanded and contrast-enhanced coronal slice through the brainstem, and illustration of white matter tissue segmentation. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4202256_fig2_329145.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI of brain was normal; there is no sign of ischemic or tumor lesion. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glis4ij071uf0lhhgr8.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1990.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4315594_pone.0115896.g005_355226.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Imaging data of No. 13 patient who had right RCC with tumor thrombus.(A) Right RCC with IVC grade III tumor thrombus before neoadjuvant therapy. IVC was obliterated. (B) After 92 days of neoadjuvant therapy, IVC thrombus was down–graded to grade II, IVC was partially recanalized. (C) Resected right kidney and IVC tumor thrombus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4485362_Fig4_400930.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | This was the optical coherence tomography of subject 6 at (a) baseline, and (b) at 3 months. This showed the complete resolution of subretinal fluid |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3998017_f5_283932.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | In vivo tumor imaging.Serial imaging before, and at 2, 5 and 24 hours after intravenous administration of Ibrutinib-BFL to a representative mouse harboring a BTK-positive HT1080 tumor (red; first column). Note extensive drug accumulation in all cells, persisting even at the 24-hour time point. * Indicates accumulation in non-tumor cells (see Fig. 6). Scale bar: 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4383608_pone.0120140.g001_374668.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Comparison of static imaging and reference high-dose protocols.FDK reconstructions of gated data obtained with the reference high-dose protocol (A) and with the static imaging protocol (B) comprising 32 and 8 frames per projection angle, respectively. C: Absolute image difference between two high-dose respiratory phases. D: Prior image obtained from the addition of the four low-dose respiratory phases and processed with a Gaussian filter to reduce noise. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3828064_F0002_243186.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiograph showing an osteolytic lesion well demarcated from the lower end of the tibia containing the partitions associated with a spiral fracture |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4620258_fig1_437328.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cone-beam computed tomography scans of the posterior maxillary region. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4321679_fig1_356723.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | X-rays (a) and CT (b) showing the joint fixed in dorsal dislocation with the presence of a reversed Hill-Sachs defect. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4355439_fig5_365801.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Conventional pig thymi carry generally mixed PCV2-infected cell populations mostly in the medulla and at the corticomedullary junction of the thymus. (A) Confocal microscopy comparison of IF and FISH-stained, paraffin-embedded thymus tissue sections. The medulla (white M) compared with the thymus cortex (white C) contains more MHC-II expressing cells. White arrows indicate the corticomedullary junction. Nuclei (DAPI) appear blue with 80 μm white bars. (B) Low PCV2 dsDNA signals were present throughout conventional pig thymi. Confocal microscopy of double FISH-stained, paraffin-embedded thymus tissue. Arrows indicate weak PCV2 dsDNA signals. Nuclei (DAPI) appear blue with 20 μm white bars. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4415932_pone.0126705.g002_382344.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Segmentation of cervical-supraclavicular and subcutaneous adipose tissue.A coronal (a) and axial (b) fat fraction (FF) map showing the manually delineated crude cervical-supraclavicular (considered as suspected brown adipose tissue, denoted sBAT) volume of interest (VOI) with a red contour, the final segmented sBAT VOI in green and the final segmented posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) VOI in blue. Segmentation of the sBAT and SAT VOIs was accomplished by exclusion criteria on FF, R2* and by erosion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4553953_F1_418906.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Slit-lamp photographs of anterior segment after mydriasis. Posteriorly localized changes of alveolar and linear morphology, much more pronounced in the right eye. During follow-up time visible regrouping of endothelial changes that became eccentrically localized. AS-OCT Visante revealed hyperreflective dots within endothelium of the right cornea and discreet hyperdensity of corneal stroma in both eyes. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4490693_Fig6_402696.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Ly6C+ cells transport S. pneumoniae across the blood-brain barrier. Confocal microscope and z-stacked images of mouse prefrontal region brain cryostat sections (5 μm) showing co-localization of immune cells, CD3+ and Ly6C+ cells (Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG; green), with S. pneumoniae. Merged images show co-localization of S. pneumoniae (Rhodamine Red goat anti-rabbit IgG; red) with Ly6C+ cells. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Magnification ×2400. Scale bar 10 μm |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4683255_F7_454201.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Ac4-5S-GlcNAc does not affect the thickness of T. terrenum cell wall.
T. terrenum cells were grown for 62 h in the presence of DMSO (A) or 500 μm Ac4-5S-GlcNAc (B). The cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and embedded in a paraffin block, and cross-sections were imaged by transmission EM at ×40,000 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4263801_Fig14_343954.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Asymmetry/symmetry. Axial T2-weighted MR images from before treatment (a) and 6 months after treatment (b) in a 65-year-old patient with left unilateral photodynamic therapy illustrate post-treatment asymmetric prostate due to unilateral scar tissue. However, pre-treatment (c) and 6-month post-treatment (d) MRIs in a case of bilateral treatment (71-year-old patient) illustrate a symmetrical aspect. Note the disappearance of the peripheral zone of the treated lobes on the 6-month MRIs |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4190290_Fig2_326344.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner |
Factors for sphere induction. Sphere induction was performed with a cell density of 1 × 105 SK-HEP-1 cells/mL for 7 days. A, complete sphere induction medium was used. B, C, D, and E, complete induction medium lacking bFGF, EGF, LIF, or NSF-1, respectively, was used. F, the basal medium was supplemented with only NSF-1. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4444202_pone.0127263.g005_389418.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Patients follow-up.(a) and (b) Preoperative X-ray film and MRI of a patient with osteosarcoma involving section I/II of the left hemipelvis. (c) Postoperative X-ray film showing reconstruction with the modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis. (d) The function status of the hip joint of the same patient after reconstruction showing favorable extent of hip flexion. (e) Preoperative X-ray film of a patient with osteosarcoma involving section I/II of the right hemipelvis. (f) X-ray film after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy showing significantly enhanced osteogenesis inside the tumor. (g) Preoperative MRI. (h) Postoperative X-ray film showing reconstruction with the modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3709087_Fig2_217506.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Representative photomicrographs of kidney section from a control wild bank voles, b wild bank voles exposed to dietary Cd in quantity of 60 μg/g (proximal tubule degeneration [asterisk], epithelial cell swelling [arrows]), and c laboratory-bred bank voles exposed to dietary Cd in quantity of 60 μg/g (no damage is seen). Scale bar 20 μm |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4302382_fig2_352094.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (a) T2 Coronal MRI scan showing a 1.5 cm inferomedial cystic mass in the left orbit. (b) Cyst exposure through a conjunctival incision. (c) Capsule demonstration after intralesional ICG injection. (d) The completely excised cyst. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic22257.jpg | what is the organ system in this image? | skull and contents |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2075.jpg | How does this image show section? | through spleen with large well shown healing infarct |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3674650_fig2_209367.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (a) Lobules of small, round, blue cells, separated by fibrous septa underneath an intact squamous epithelium (hematoxylin-eosin stain, objective original magnification ×5). (b) Higher magnification revealing tumor cells with scant, ill-defined cytoplasm and well-defined nuclei with coarse chromatin pattern (objective original magnification ×40), with a proliferation index superior to 15% (Ki-67 stain at the upper right corner). (c) Immunohistochemical membranous cytoplasmic stain for CD99 (objective original magnification ×40). (d) Immunohistochemical stain for S-100 (objective original magnification ×5). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3947786_fig5_272765.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative micro-CT 3D reconstructions of positive control defects (treated with autologous bone) (a) and negative control defects (left empty) (b). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3919916_f2-ol-07-03-0846_266041.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Endoscopy shows local eminence of the gastric mucous membrane and reveals superficial veins, indicated by the black arrow. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4465663_fig7_396155.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Scanning electron microscope micrographs showing the morphological features of cells cultured on CSH and Mg/CSH composite specimens. Images of cells cultured on CSH (a) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (d) for 3 days; images of cells cultured on CSH (b) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (e) for 7 days; images of cells cultured on CSH (c) and 10% Mg/CSH composite specimens (f) for 14 days. Magnification: ×500. Scale bar: 50 μm. Mg: magnesium; CSH: calcium sulfate hemihydrate. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3405281_F2_146840.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | fMRI contrast of the Group × Valence interaction on BOLD response during viewing emotional images. Among the control group, activation was greater during negative versus neutral images and as compared to YMP in right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (x = 28, y = 28, z = 40). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2893.jpg | What is present ? | hepatobiliary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2374723_F5_22041.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Spindle defects observed for RNAi phenotypes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cells transfected with single (double-stranded) small interfering RNA targeting (a) KIAA1604, (b) KIAA1569/Cep192, (c) FLJ10460/Cep27, (d) SON, (e) KIAA1160, (f) FLJ13111/CENP-T, (g) SMU-1, (h) C18orf24/SKA1, and (i) negative control. Cells were stained for α-tubulin (green), phospho-histone H3 (pHis; blue), and the CREST protein (red). Scale bar represents 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1483818_F3_5864.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | A-MLV binding to large rafts is independent of extraction of plasma membrane cholesterol. NIH3T3 cells were treated with 10 mM MBCD, washed, and incubated with GagYFP A-MLV (green) for 30 min. Subsequently, the cells were washed, fixed, and stained for GM1 using fluorescently labeled CTX (red). Images were taken using confocal microscopy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4242637_pone-0113443-g003_338814.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | LPC 18:1 induced ROS localizes mainly in mitochondria and cytosol.Twenty four hours after transfection of EA.hy926 cells with plasmids encoding either (A) mitochondria- or (B) ER- targeted RFP, cells were labeled with H2DCFDA dye and exposed to 60 µM LPC 18:1 or PBS (vehicle) in PBS containing 5% FBS at 37°C for 15 min. Fluorescence was assessed by confocal microscopy using mitochondrial- and endoplasmic reticulum-specific RFP marker (red) and a H2DCFDA ROS marker (green). Colocalization (yellow) was achieved by merging RFP and ROS signals (merge). Results are representative images of two experiments performed in triplicates. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4052052_fig2_296481.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | ((a)–(d)) On T2-weighted fat saturated MRI, the fluid collections appear as discrete areas of homogeneous hyperintensity extending from the abdominal cavity to the mediastinum. (e) On T2-weighted fat saturated MRI, the fluid collections are slightly isointense, finding suggestive for proteinaceous or necrotic contents. (f) Coronal T2-weighted MRI image shows the fluid collections extending upward as a long vertical cystic lesion from the retroperitoneum to the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3048297_pone-0017707-g001_88881.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | SEM images of silica structures synthesized using lysine in IL [BMIM][BF4] involving TEOS to lysine molar ratios of (a and b) 1∶10, (c) 1∶1, and (d) 1∶0.2 respectively.The insets show the higher magnification images of the structures shown in the corresponding main figure. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qv1fbr08329d4afgs9.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4186332_f1-etm-08-05-1365_325245.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Positioning of a normal adult cubital tunnel at 30° for a flat CT scan. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4628222_RRV052F4_439453.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Dose distribution of a 3D conformal radiotherapy with field-in-field (A) and two-arcs (B): PTVT and N (black), and isodose lines of 5 Gy (dark blue), 10 Gy (blue), 25 Gy (light blue), 30 Gy (light green), 35 Gy (dark green), 40 Gy (white), 43.7 Gy (yellow), 45 Gy (orange), 47.5 Gy (dark red) and 50 Gy (red). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3520851_F7_172301.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Tamoxifen-inducible recombination in double transgenic CaMKIIα-CreERT2/CAG-loxP.EGFP rats. Brain slices were immunostained for (A,D,G) Cre recombinase or (B,C,E,F,H,I) EGFP expression. Tamoxifen (+Tx)-induced EGFP (B,E,H) expression mirrors Cre expression (A,D,G), whereas uninduced animals (-Tx) only show low background recombination (C,F,I). (J-O) Brain slices of tamoxifen-induced CaMKIIα-CreERT2/CAG-loxP.EGFP rats were double-stained for NeuN and EGFP. Co-localization of EGFP and NeuN demonstrated successful Cre-mediated recombination in neurons of the cortex (L) and the CA1 region of the hippocampus (O). Scale bars: J-l 100 μm, M-O 50 μm. EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3794291_F1_236646.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Niches in the normal human heart (Bearzi et al., 2007).
(A) c-kit-positive human cardiac stem cells (green) are clustered in interstitial spaces filled with fibronectin. Arrows in (A) define the areas in (B,C). (B,C) At a higher magnification, gap (connexin 43: Cx43, white) and adherens (N-cadherin: N-cadh, magenta) junctions are detected between stem cells (green) and supporting cell, i.e., myocytes (red) and fibroblasts (*). (D) Connexin 43 (Cx43, yellow) is present between regenerated human myocytes (red; Alu, green) and spared rat myocytes (red; Alu-negative). See inset for a higher magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_51556.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Transverse ultrasound image shows dilated common bile duct with thickened walls (arrow). CBD = common bile duct. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3466445_F3_159535.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Immunohistology analysis of spinal cord lesions in EAE-induced SRA−/−and WT mice. Spinal cord sections from WT and SRA−/− EAE-induced mice (n = 5) were stained, and the fluorescent signals were detected using an Odyssey scanner. (A) Representative images of GFAP, an astrocyte marker, and Iba1, a microglia/macrophage marker. (B) There was a reduction in signal intensity of GFAP and Iba1 stained SRA−/− sections as compared to WT. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results are presented as means ± SEM. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4373819_pone.0117207.g003_371659.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Subculture (15 days) of 10 day old B. burgdorferi stationary phase culture treated with different antibiotics alone or in combinations.Representative images were taken with fluorescence microscopy (400 × magnification) using SYBR Green I/PI staining. Only Dox+Dap+CefP completely killed all forms including the microcolony form of B. burgdorferi persisters as shown by lack of any viable green spirochetal form after 15 day subculture. Abbreviation: Dox, doxycycline; CefP, cefoperazone; Cfz, clofazimine; Dap, daptomycin; Smx, sulfamethoxazole. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53587.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | acute bilateral subdural hematomas, convexity, interhemispheric, tentorial |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4149541_pone-0106236-g010_316746.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Phentoype of a ΔAgrho2/ΔAgrho5 double deletion.A) Mycelia of wild-type, ΔAgrho2, ΔAgrho5 and a ΔAgrho2/ΔAgrho5 double deletion. The scale bar represents 1 cm. B) Phase contrast images of ΔAgrho2/ΔAgrho5 double deletion hyphae. The scale bar is 10 µm. The images were produce with a 40× magnification directly from agar plates and therefore display a rather uneven background. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4396574_Fig1_377980.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Postoperative radiograph and 6 months after. Postoperative radiograph after external fixation and dorsal injection of Augment® into the fracture gap (A). At 6 months, all Augment® has resolved (B). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3869670_pone-0081988-g007_253311.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A) Fluorescence snapshots of AVRM expressing HKI-YFP (upper) or HKII-YFP under control conditions and after different periods of anoxia. Note that the mitochondrial network is very dense and uniformly dispersed, making difficult to define appropriate ROI if we wanted to apply the ratiometric ROI method. B) Corresponding spatial variance images. C) Average changes in spatial variance during anoxia, confirming that HK2, but not HK1, translocates to the cytoplasm during anoxia. Note that the measurement time points on differents cells varied, explaining the different number of measurements for each time point. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3268705_F1_123983.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (A) Ultrasound aspect of dilated common bile duct with images suggestive of choledocholithiasis (arrows). (B) Computed tomography saggital view showing the mass in the right adrenal topography (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2667181_F1_37049.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Procedure of the fMRI setting. Stimuli display and time course of the applied paradigm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4080999_pntd-0002918-g002_303148.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Imaging techniques used in mycetoma.A: A radiograph of the foot, showing soft tissue shadow (arrow), and multiple large cavities (c) in line with eumycetoma. B: A typical sonogram of scrotal eumycetoma. In this sonogram multiple cavities with thick walls and multiple hyper-reflective echoes (arrow) are seen, which are in line with grains. C: An MRI of the foot, showing massive soft tissue and bone destruction. In this MRI, grains appear as conglomerates of small (2–5 mm) round hyperintense lesions (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04193.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray of patient showing extensive heterotopic ossification around left hip with ankylosis of left hip |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3829377_F4_243620.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sequential computed tomography between September 2007 and November 2011 showing decrease in tumour size after a short course of radiation therapy delivered in June 2009. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3427702_Fig4_151792.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | MRI images at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postop, showing the evolution of the signal of the reconstructed patellar tendon |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz4dork086uaoi03vs2.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
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