image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_3/PMC4186367_f1-etm-08-05-1453_325362.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Representative immunohistochemical staining for HIF-1α, VEGF and CD34 expression in (A, C and E) sacral GCT samples, respectively, and (B, D and F) normal sacral tissues, respectively (magnification, ×200; light microscopy). HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; GCT, giant cell tumor. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4043591_f6-etm-07-06-1486_293875.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Morphology of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in the control and the test groups under SEM observation. (Aa) C. albicans, 12 h; (Ab) intracellular protein-C. albicans, 12 h (magnification, ×4,000). (Ba) C. tropicalis, 12 h; (Bb) intracellular protein-C. tropicalis, 12 h (magnification, ×2,000). (Ca) C. albicans and C. tropicalis co-cultures, 12 h; (Cb) intracellular protein-co-cultures, 12 h (magnification, ×2,000). C. albicans, Candida albicans; C. tropicalis, Candida tropicalis; SEM, scanning electron microscopy. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1868.jpg | Is metastatic carcinoma present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3651364_F2_203887.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Example images taken in diastole from the mid-ventricular slice of a single healthy volunteer. (a) shows a magnitude image. The spirals are short enough that there is very little off-resonance blurring and the black blood pulse removes artefact due to beat to beat variations in blood flow. Longitudinal (b) and in-plane (c and d) velocity-encoded images are also shown. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4183599_pone-0109304-g005_324798.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunohistochemical detection of CDCP1+ cells in marrow biopsy.Marrow biopsies of the healthy donors were subjected to immunohistochemistry using isotype-matched control antibody (panel A) and an anti-CDCP1 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, panels B-D). Positive cells were stained in brown and nuclei were counter-stained using hematoxylin (blue). Panels B and C show CDCP1+ cells clustered near some fat cells. Panel D shows CDCP1+ cells near bone. White arrows indicate that the thin-flattened cells surrounding bone were CDCP1-positive. Original objective, X40 for panels A and B (black bars indicate 20 µm); X100 for panels C and D (black bars indicate 8 µm). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3033347_F3_86142.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI Scans: (a) Pre-chemotherapy T2 sagittal thin penile MRI slices demonstrating the penile metastasis within the corpora. (b) Post-chemotherapy T2 sagittal thin penile MRI slices showing the resolving penile lesion. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22279.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Transesophageal echocardiography showing a round, echodense, calcified mass attached to the posterior mitral valve leaflet (white arrow). LA = Left atrium; LV = left ventricle. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61456.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest radiograph showing right sided pneumothorax. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8908w074y12lcdpnx.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55988.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | progression of low-grade glioma to high-grade glioma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3449492_F2_156870.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Examples of axial diffusion weighted images from a neonate (A) with a modified pediatric ASPECTS of eight (involvement of left internal capsule, insula, M3, M5, M6, P1, P2, and thalamus) and a child (B) with a modified pediatric ASPECTS of 10 (involvement of left caudate, lentiform, internal capsule, insula, and middle cerebral artery territories M1–M6). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4133372_pone-0105099-g001_313572.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Characteristics of TDLU and CCH, and laser capture microdissection.Tissues were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and immunohistochemically stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Selected specimens were stained for ERα as additional control for the selection of the lesions. A) Identification of TDLU (arrow head) and CCH (arrow) based on morphology (microscopic evaluation) (20X). B) ERα expression in TDLU and CCH (20X). C–H) Images of TDLU (upper panel C–E) and CCH (lower panel F–H) before (C, F) and after laser capture microdissection (LCM) of epithelia (D, G) and stroma (E, H) (40X). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0526.jpg | What shows a large grey white soft fleshy tumour replacing almost whole of the breast? | cut surface of the breast |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gles4b3071uf3ys5xf3.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49796.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial T1 weighted MRI image demonstrating FFT as a hyperintense intrathecal dot like structure in patient 2 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3784237_fig6_233871.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Photomicrographs of 1000x (1) phase contrast, (2) fluorescence of Nile red stained microalga viewed under excitation filter of 355–425 nm and emission filter of 470 nm, and (3) alternatively, excitation filter of 515–560 nm and emission filter of 590 nm of the 2-week old cultures. Red color, chlorophyll autofluorescence; yellow-gold fluorescence (excitation: 355–425 nm) or bright yellow fluorescence (excitation: 515–560 nm), lipid bodies. Samples were cultivated using (a) Walne's photoautotrophic medium, (b) W-30 + 30 g/L glucose, and (c) ANN-based optimized medium. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3433344_F3_152993.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical staining for S100A6 in gastric cancer lesions and noncancerous tissues.a, 1 to 3, S100A6 negative in noncancerous tissues; magnifications were × 40, ×100, and × 400, respectively. b, 1 to 3, S100A6 was highly expressed in well differentiated adenocarcinoma; magnifications were × 40, ×100 and × 400, respectively. c, 1 to 3, S100A6 was highly expressed in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; magnifications were × 40, ×100 and × 400, respectively. d, 1 to 3,S100A6 was highly expressed in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; magnifications were × 40, ×100, and × 400,respectively. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02522.jpg | What is shown in this image? | To measure crestal bone loss, implant shoulder on the mesial (a) and distal (c), the first contact of the alveolar crestal bone to the implant on the mesial (b) and distal (d) the apex of the implant (e) and the middle of the implant shoulder (f) were marked |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3181346_pone-0025679-g002_110211.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histological and immunohistochemical examination of kidney tissue injury and repair following I/R injury.Representative formalin fixed paraffin embedded kidney tissue sections of sham male Wistar rats and those undergone 20 min bilateral ischemia reperfusion over time stained by (A) Hematoxylin and Eosin (40× magnification) and (B) Ki-67 (60× magnification). n = 5/group. Bar represents 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4220929_pone-0110289-g003_333014.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | An example of object identification using the pipeline.a. and c. are original tiles, b. and d. are the same tiles with oulines of the identified objects. Blue lines outline the areas identified as tissue, green lines outline areas identified as DAB positive nuclei. These images are created using the 'SaveImages' module in CellProfiler. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3790653_F1_235835.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | a) X-ray containing the references used in the measurements made from the implant shoulder to bone level, both mesially and distally. b) X-ray at the time of implant loading, showing that the bone margin coincides with the implant shoulder. c) X-ray after one year of functional loading in a patient who has received supportive periodontal therapy. The maintenance of the bone level can be observed. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1722.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3978748_F6_279648.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunohistochemical stain for p-STAT3 and SHP-1 in a clinical sample. Representative immunohistochemical patterns showing (A) strong nuclear expression with no cytoplasmic expression for STAT3 in cancer cells, (B) no nuclear expression with mild cytoplasmic expression for SHP-1 in cancer cells, (C) neither nuclear expression nor cytoplasmic expression for STAT3 in adjacent normal breast tissue, and (D) no nuclear expression and strong cytoplasmic expression for SHP-1 in adjacent normal breast tissue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4414428_Fig2_381935.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Clinical and radiographic records during the treatment. (A) Plentiful errhysis originating from the pulp chamber during and after accessing the cavity. (B) 3% hydrogen peroxide along with bloody pus leaking from the extra-oral drainage sinus during irrigation. (C) Working length determination. (D) Floor of the pulp chamber showing four orifices after preparation. (E) The root canals were packed with Vitapex after preparation. (F) The resolution of the sinus tract after dressing for one month. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21359.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Maxillary central incisors of a 16-year-old female reveal signs of trauma induced external inflammatory root resorption in the right central incisor and apical resorption with periapical radiolucency with left central incisor |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4314085_pone.0116486.g009_354558.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Effect of lactacystin on inclusion formation in HEp-2 cells infected with Parachlamydia Bn9.The HEp-2 cells were infected with the bacteria (MOI 10), in the presence or absence of lactacystin (5 or 10 µM) and then incubated for 5 days at 30°C. Inclusion formation was assessed using confocal laser microscopy. The images were captured 3 days after infection. Arrows show healthy inclusion formation. Arrowheads show disrupted inclusion in the presence of lactacystin (5 µM). Addition of 10 µM lactacystin completely abolished the formation of typical inclusion bodies in HEp-2 cells. For showing more conclusive image, the images surrounded by dashed line were enlarged into S9 Fig. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2270258_F3_19388.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histopathology findings, comparing 14T MTS with control. (A) H&E staining of 14T specimen (original magnification ×100) showing only a small number of cells infiltrating the gel. Insert shows infiltrating cells in higher magnification (original magnification ×400). (B) MIB-1 immunostaining of 14T specimen (original magnification ×200), highlighting cells that are not in G0 as dark brown nuclei. (C) H&E staining of control (original magnification ×100) showing a large number of infiltrating cells in adjacent gel. Insert shows the infiltrating cells in higher magnification (original magnification ×400). (D) MIB-1 immunostaining of control (original magnification ×200), highlighting cells that are not in G0 as dark brown nuclei. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3712715_cancers-04-00777-f010_218115.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (A,B) Microscopic feature of small cell lung cancer infiltrate in a bioptical obtained specimen with high mitotic rate. (C,D) Small cell lung cancer in higher magnification with malignant small cells with scant cytoplasm and defined cell borders, fine granular nuclear chromatin, absent or inconspicuous nucleoli, focal or extensive necrosis. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3554727_pone-0053359-g004_181354.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Formation of organoids by hPrEC cells in-Matrigel or on-Matrigel.Morphology of hPrECs grown on plastic (A), in-Matrigel (B), and on-Matrigel (C), scale bar 50 µm. Confocal microscopy analysis of organoids on-Matrigel stained with anti-CEACAM20 (green) (D) or anti-CEACAM1 (E) (green), phalloidin (red) and DAPI (blue), scale bar 50 µm. HE staining (F) and immunohistochemisctry staining of isotype control (G), CEACAM20 (H) and CEACAM1 (I), scale bar 20 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44943.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3443110_pone-0044771-g003_154879.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Enhanced influx of CD45+ cells into Klf5CN corneas.Flat mounts of PN56 WT (A) and Klf5CN (B) corneas were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 antibody and examined by confocal microscopy. Representative stacked images of the central corneal stroma are shown at 60× magnification (Panels C–H). Compared with the WT stroma, enhanced influx of clusters of CD45+ cells is observed throughout the depth of Klf5CN stromas. Scale bars: 1 mm in Panels A and B; 40 µm in Panels C–H. Data are representative of 4 independent experiments. Klf5CN corneas are smaller than the WT, consistent with their small eye size reported previously. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3495301_fig02_165304.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Scanning electron micrographs of rods (A) and spheres (B–H) of Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1. Spheres had formed in laboratory-grown halite and were obtained after dissolution of salt crystals. Bars, 600 nm (A); 270 nm (B–H). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3786875_f2-etm-06-03-0649_234512.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemistry of (A–C) nephrin and (D–F) podocin (hematoxylin staining; magnification, ×400). (A and D) Control group; (B and E) diabetic group and (C and F) triptolide treatment group. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3390685_F2_144044.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Photomicrographs showing the layers analyzed in the sagittal (A) plane in the AOB and MOB, glomerular cell layer (GlCL), mitral cell layer (MCL), and granular cell layer (GrCL). Representative photomicrographs (10×) showing BrdU positive cells in the GrCL of the AOB in control (B), exposed (C), non-paced (D), 1 ejaculation (E) and 3 ejaculation (F) groups. A 40× magnification of the 3 ejaculation group is shown in (G). lo, lateral olfactory tract; r, rostral; c, caudal; d, dorsal and v, ventral. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3476033_F6_161277.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Micro-irregularities and dissolved cement residuals were noticed at higher magnification (850×; bar 10 µm). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00004.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The patient had residual paralysis of the hand after poliomyelitis. It was necessary to stabilize the thumb with reference to the index finger. This was accomplished by placing a graft from the bone bank between the first and second metacarpals. The roentgenogram shows the complete healing of the graft one year later. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2920024_fig1_71107.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Preliminary angiographic evaluation (A) and subsequent administration of 90Y resin microspheres (B) after embolisation of gastroduodenal artery and branches in 64-year-old man with CRC liver metastases. Small diffuse hypervascular areas are observed throughout the liver parenchyma, confirming infiltrative malignant disease. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3754930_pone-0072771-g006_227645.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Live imaging of Pbred-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.(A) Live imaging of salivary gland colonization of Pbred-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Shown are representative live fluorescent images with the merge of fluorescence and white light illuminated images (left) and the mCherry signal only (right). (B) Live imaging of hemocoel sporozoites in Pbred-infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. Shown are representative higher magnification live fluorescent images of the mosquito maxillary palps (top) and wings (bottom) with the merge of fluorescence and white light illuminated images (left), the mCherry signal (right), and the corresponding GFP signal (bottom right), exemplified in a wing vein. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3203144_pone-0026512-g003_113412.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Localization of endogenous Aurora-A and Aurora-B in cell line overexpressing GFP-aurC.Immunofluorescence was performed on stable cell clones overexpressing GFP-aurC-WT, GFP-aurC-CA, GFP-aurC-KD and GFP-alone plasmids. Cells were stained with DAPI, anti-GFP, and anti-Aurora-B antibodies (A-D) or anti-Aurora-A antibodies (E-H). The immunoflorescent microscopy images show also the localization of (A, E) GFP-aurC-WT, (B, F) GFP-aurC-CA, (C, G) GFP-aurC-KD and (D, H) GFP-alone during metaphase (A-D) or interphase (E-F). The original magnification used was 63×. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4700158_fig1_458977.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | A 38-year-old man with intestinal DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma): (a) MIP image of 18F-FDG-PET, (b) coronal whole-body CT, and (c) MIP image of DWI. All techniques detected the primary intestinal lesion (arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3517351_F7_171162.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Histopathological effects of ACA and CDDP treatment on HSC-4 human oral squamous carcinoma xenograft tumor biopsies against members of the NF-κB pathway and NF-κB regulated genes. IHC analysis indicates an increase in IκBα protein levels and a reduction in p65, phospho-IKKα/β, COX-2 and cyclin D1 protein levels on sections treated with standalone ACA and ACA in combination with CDDP. Blue color indicates nuclei stained with hematoxylin and brown color indicates specific DAB antibody staining. All images were shown as a representative of three independent replicates at 400X magnification. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01646.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Radiograph demonstrates a gasless abdomen without findings of pneumoperitoneum; these findings cannot be classified according to DASS. However, according to the literature, it is the sign of occult perforation and advancing peritonitis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4310206_Fig8_353774.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Subcellular localisation of the
MdPME2
-RFP fusion protein transiently expressed in
Nicotiana tabacum
leaves. The fluorescence of the 35S-MdPME2-mRFP expressed in N. tabacum cells construct was visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The cell wall localization was monitored before and after cell plasmolysis confirming the fused protein exportation into the apoplasm. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3512305_fig3_170094.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological finding of the groups at 10 × 10 magnification. Group 1: 1W defocused CO2 laser irradiation. Group 2: 1W defocused CO2 laser irradiation with absorption media. Group 3: 2W defocused CO2 laser irradiation. Group 4: 2Wt defocused CO2 laser irradiation with absorption media. Group 5: 3W defocused CO2 laser irradiation. Group 6: 3W defocused CO2 laser irradiation with absorption media. Group 7: Absorption media alone. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4669659_Fig4_450371.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Assessment of tau phosphorylation and localization by tissue staining. Sections from control heterozygous and Ccr2
RFP/RFP mice after surgery (Sham) or mild injury were stained with the AT8 pTau antibody. Images were taken from the cortex near the lesion cavity (a) and the underlying hippocampus (b) and the corresponding contralateral side. Injury induces increased pTau immunoreactivity as background neuropil staining in control mice and mislocalization to the cell body in Ccr2
RFP/RFP mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. c
Insets show pTau staining (AT8, red) in relation to DAPI-positive nuclei (cyan) for the indicated ipsilateral regions (boxes). Scale bar, 50 μm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3229513_pone-0027983-g007_118116.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Morphology of Ostreopsis sp. 1 with LM (A, B), LM-epifluorescence (C, D), SEM (E–J) or line illustration (K, L).
A: Living cell. B: Side view of living cell. C: Epithecal view. D: Hypothecal view. E: Epithecal view. F: Detail of ventral area from side view, showing ventral pore (Vp). G: Detail of ventral area from hypothecal view. H: Detail of ventral area from hypothecal view, showing Vp structure and associated 2″″ plate. I: Enlarged view of short, slightly curved pore plate (Po). J: Detail of cell surface, showing thecal pores. K: Epithecal view. L: Hypotheal view. Same magnification in A–D. Scale = 10 µm (A, E) or 1 µm (F–J). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3896334_pone-0084072-g006_259567.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunocytochemical analyses of spheres derived from the EGFP+ cells of craniofacial and trunk regions.(A) Expression of pluripotency markers (Nanog, Oct3/4, PAR4 and Sox2), except SSEA3, in EGFP+ spheres derived from both regions. (B) Differential expression of NCC markers (Ap2α, Ap2β, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ and Sox10) in spheres between craniofacial and trunk EGFP+ cells (scale bar; 20 µm). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC1586159_F2_7358.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The Navigant screen. The fluoroscopic images at the bottom (RAO on the left and LAO on the right) can be stored at the start of the procedure, but in this case have been recently updated. The yellow line is the virtual catheter which the software has placed on the image. The blue and white catheter tip is the virtual catheter which the CARTO system places in the Navigant screen. As can be seen the virtual catheter is overlying the actual fluoroscopic catheter shadow. The other features on the screen are aids to navigation. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic56893.jpg | the mri shows what organ system? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2467423_F1_25465.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull metastasis from hepatocelluar carcinoma. A) T1-weighted MRI and B) T2-weighted MRI demonstrating a homogeneous, well-defined, and iso-signal intensity mass in the occipital midline. C) Gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted MRI images showing a strong enhancement of the tumor. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3386694_f1-sensors-12-05461_143271.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The levels of PSCA expression by QDs labeling and IHC. Under excitation of blue light, (A–C) show the positive expression of QDs-IHC at 3+, 2+, and 1+ and (D) was the negative control. (E–G) are the positive expression of IHC at 3+, 2+, and 1+ and (H) was the negative control. (All magnifications: 200×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4602386_f2-cln_70p700_432132.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Moderate cellular infiltration and cystic degeneration of the spinal cord tissue in a Wistar rat submitted to experimental spinal cord injury (40 x magnification, hematoxylin-eosin staining). The image refers to the animal number 7 from the estrogen group. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2880.jpg | Is histiocyte present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3939480_viruses-06-00727-f002_270867.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Characterization of GPCMV viral particles. (a) Coomassie blue stain (5 µg) of purified virus particles by 12% gel SDS-PAGE. (b) Transmission electron microscope microphotograph of purified particles. Negative contrast preparation of purified particles demonstrates enveloped virions (arrows). Dense bodies are also noted. Magnification, 150,000×. (c) Western blot analysis of viral particles probed with IE3-21 monoclonal antibody recognizing GPCMV gB (1:2,000 dilution; arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4387921_F6_375501.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Reconstructed mitochondria. (A) Slice from a 3D image stack. (B) The inside of the mitochondria are overlaid in green and the membranes in red. (C) Raw results. (D) Edited results. The dendritic mitochondria are shown in cyan and axonal ones in purple. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1487.jpg | What is present ? | endocrine |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3723690_pone-0070186-g001_220202.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Cell morphology.Morphology of hooded seal BAL cells cultured for 5–7 days in Amniomax II. Adherent cells are rounded and reflect light 24 h after initiation of the culture. A macrophage-like pleomorphic appearance with many cells displaying a fan- or veil shaped cytoplasm with an irregular, ruffled border emerges after 2–3 days (A). Vacuoles are present in the cytoplasm, often near the nucleus and the nucleoli are distinct (B–D). A–E: live cells from inverted light microscope, F–I: Diff-Quik stained cells presenting purple nuclei, light blue cytoplasm and a granular hyaloplasm (BAL; bronchoalveolar lavage). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06724.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The chest Xray without arrows. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3880834_F1_256467.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Spinal cord, brain and optical imaging follow-up of the patient. June 2012: Spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing extensive hyper intense T2 lesion between C5 and T10 (A) with gadolinium enhancement on T1 sequence (B). Brain MRI showing multiple hyperintense T2 lesions on insular regions, medial temporal lobes and thalamus (C), but also gadolinium enhancement of ventricles and meninges (D). Peripapillary optical coherence tomography showing asymmetric retinal nerve fiber layer (E). July 2012: Control brain MRI showing extension of hyperT2 lesion load (F). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32615.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Post contrast coronal reformatted computed tomography image showing heterogeneous mass “arrow heads” with a defect at its superior aspect “arrow” in keeping with perforation as well as moderate amount of free fluid of high density, suggesting hemoperitoneum |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3568724_F2_184798.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Chest X-ray. This is a posteroanterior chest X-ray taken of the patient at the time of diagnosis. It demonstrates the opacity in the left upper lobe of the lung consistent with lung cancer. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3496638_F2_165594.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Four representative electron micrographs of Rogue1 negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate showing that they belong to the family Siphoviridae with morphology reminiscent of coliphages λ or T1. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3287257_F2_127530.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Postoperative findings. (A, B). Postoperative T1-weighted enhanced images showing total tumor removal: (A) axial; (B) coronal. (C) Photomicrographs showing tissue formed by compact neoplastic proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, with elongated nuclei arranged in interlacing fascicles (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification ×100). (D) Photomicrograph showing the tumor with strong positivity on immunostaining against S100 protein (original magnification ×100). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4597758_Fig3_430975.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Effects of the oral PEDV challenge and administration of the MYCI mixture on intestinal morphology of newborn piglets (100× magnification). Newborn piglets received a challenge with 3 × 103.5TCID50 of PEDV in PBS or PBS only and daily administration of 60 mg of the MYCI mixture suspended in milk replacer or the vehicle for 7 days. Note the atrophied and fused villi as well as crypt hyperplasia in the challenged/control group and the alleviation of the atrophy and fusion of the villi and the crypt hyperplasia in the challenged/MYCI group compared with the morphology in the former. Only representative results are shown in this figure |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2233986_fig2_17376.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Reconstruction results for the ring of spheres phantom.
(a) The ring of spheres phantom;
(b) EM reconstruction of ideal projection data;
(c) the same ring of spheres phantom with Poisson distribution with total
counts of 106; (d) EM reconstruction with no PSF correction from blurry
projection data of (a);
(e) blind deblurring reconstruction;
(f) reconstruction with known PSF correction;
(g) EM reconstruction with no PSF correction from blurry projection data,
with total photon count in projection data 106;
(h) blind deblurring reconstruction;
(i) reconstruction with known PSF correction. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3492498_pone-0048570-g003_164713.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Interaction between CnMVs and HBMECs.(A) HBMECs were incubated with purified CnMVs and then examined by confocal microscopy. The HBMECs were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-GFP (A1), rhodamine-conjugated anti-CD44 (A2), and DAPI (A3). An overlaid image of A1, A2 and A3 is shown in A4. The yellow arrows indicate faint, diffuse staining in the cytoplasm of HBMECs. Bar: 20 µm. (B) HBMECs were incubated with JB02 C. neoformans cells and then examined by confocal microscopy. The HBMECs were stained with FITC-conjugated anti-GFP (B1), rhodamine-conjugated anti-CD44 (B2), and DAPI (B3). An overlaid image of B1, B2 and B3 is shown in B4. Bar: 20 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27620.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3114085_fig1_98846.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | AP and lateral projections of angiogram of right selective internal carotid artery injection showing the arteriovenous malformation in this late arterial phase, with filling of a large venous channel into the superior sagittal sinus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4061231_f3-etm-08-01-0274_298964.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Expression of Sca-1/Desmin in the corpus cavernosum of Sprague-Dawley rats aged (A) two (young group), (B) five (middle-aged group) and (C) 20 months (old group). The arrows indicate positively stained cells (magnification, ×400). Sca-1, stem cell antigen-1. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3389253_Fig4_143837.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | In stent dissection and edge dissection after coronary stent implantation that can be detected by OCT and frequently would not be seen by angiography or IVUS (red arrows). Asterisk indicates OCT catheter |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90gc074yd6aq25qk.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3511543_pone-0050618-g004_169971.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | PET/CT images.Representative [18F]FLT PET/CT images of A2780 (upper panel), A2780/Top216 (mid panel) and SW620 (lower panel) xenografts (dotted circles). [18F]FLT uptake is measured in the same animals at baseline and 6 hours, Day 1 and Day 6 follow treatment initiation with TP202377. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3777770_f0025_232420.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Re-classification of dGM structures. A: T1; B T2; C: FLAIR; D: segmented images; E: following the re-classification of dGM structures using deformed template and its anatomical image; and F: image with corrected lesions. Color scheme is same as Fig. 2. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2513.jpg | What does this image show? | good example of nodule protruding into bladder |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2376093_pone-0002226-g005_22417.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | fMRI data in response to word targets (A) and chord targets (B) when contrasting incongruous against congruous trials.Incongruous word targets activated the right MTG (A), whereas incongruous chord targets activated the right posterior STS (B). Data is displayed at a threshold of p<0.005 (uncorrected) for visual purposes. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54777.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | dnet (dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3877362_pone-0085403-g002_255427.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Distribution of NAMPT protein in rat brain after MCAO.(A-C) Representative images of double immunofluorescent staining of NeuN (for neuron) and NAMPT (A), Iba-1 (for microglia) and NAMPT (B), GFAP (for astrocyte) and NAMPT (C) in rat brain after 30 min MCAO and 24 h reperfusion. Immunofluorescent staining was repeated on three rats. (D) Using Western blot (upper panel) and immunochemistry staining (lower panel), the i.v. injected His-tagged NAMPT was detected in the ischemic brain area after 30 min MCAO and 24 h reperfusion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3403874_F1_146309.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Axial contrast CT chest showed bilateral pneumothoraces (1), periaortic hematoma (2) and pulmonary contusion (3) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3774721_pone-0074795-g006_231752.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Results from voxel-wise t-tests comparing brain segmentation from all 10 subjects between 1.5 T and 3.0 T.Statistically significant differences are indicated where WM volume is estimated to be larger on the 3.0 T system. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1266401_F1_3696.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | At patient admission, left coronary angiogram revealed thrombotic obstruction of left anterior descending artery (A). Large thrombus in the right auricle emerging through tricuspid valve within right ventricle (B) and apical thrombus complicating anterior aneurysm (C) detected by computer tomography scan, performed the next day. Large thrombus emerging from superiour vena cava and prolabing in the right auricle, evidenced by Trans-oesophagial echocardiography (D). Extensive thrombus emerging from superiour vena cava within right auricle, evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging (E). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2698.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28935.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Pseudomyxoma peritoneii: axial CECT showing mucinous ascites exerting mass effect (scalloping) on the solid organs; primary was of gastrointestinal tract origin |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40205.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | CT of the right shoulder in a coronary plane. Hyperostosis is present at the medial side of the humeral head, as well as at the humeral insertion of the rotator cuff. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2628426_fig07_32805.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Auxilin depletion changes clathrin dynamicsControl cells or cells depleted of both auxilins were transfected with GFP-tagged clathrin light chain. The plasma membrane (A) or a perinuclear region (B) was photobleached and fluorescence allowed to recover for 150 seconds. Scale bar: 10 μm. C) Fluorescence recovery was adjusted for background and bleaching and then normalized to percentage recovery. Fourteen data sets were pooled and the mean results were plotted; error bars show the standard error of the mean. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4523209_FIG2_411401.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Staging FDG-PET/CTPET/CT images reveal increased FDG avidity within the left medial canthus and left nasal cavity soft tissues and a left cervical level IB lymph node (see arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2797510_F8_53314.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunohistochemical reactivity of chromogranine. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4477618_Fig1_399181.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
a Plain radiography showing a distended cecum without air-fluid levels. b, c Abdominal computed tomography showing dilated intestinal gas and a “whirl sign” in the middle of the abdomen |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07784.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A fat-suppressed T2-weighted image in a professional baseball player with clinical signs of internal impingement reveals prominent cystic changes within the posterior greater tuberosity (arrow). Subtle articular surface partial tearing is seen at the anterior infraspinatus insertion (arrowhead). No labral tear was found in this patient. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qo1f0r08325f6l18rt.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2372.jpg | What does this image show? | normal brain |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3812627_f7-sensors-13-10765_239935.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Images of a non-uniform scene taken at 30 fps. Four lens apertures are used to vary effective luminances of scene features. Tones are mapped for display using the sRGB standard [20]. Clockwise from top left, white points are 20, 81, 610 and 5,000 cd/m2, which correspond to apple highlights. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1927.jpg | What demonstrated with one about twice the size of the other due to malignant lymphoma involving lymphatic drainage ? | both legs |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3010644_fig2_82402.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Horizontal (a) and axial (b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nasal tumor in the left nasal cavity with a hypointense signal on T1-weighted images, and a moderately hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images. This signal was different from that of the left maxillary sinus lesions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4063574_f1-ol-08-01-0123_299595.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Case 1: (A) CT scan showing a hypodense mass with non-homogeneous contrast enhancement developing from the distal esophagus causing sub-stenosis of the lumen. (B) EUS scanning results revealing a 45-mm, hypoechoic round mass, originating from the muscle layer in contact with the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right atrium (RA). (C) Cytological smear results exhibiting aggregates of spindle cell elements with elongated nuclei (hematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×160). (D) The same elements were intensely immunoreactive for SMA (immunoperoxidase and Mayer’s hemalum counterstain; magnification, ×200). CT, computed tomography; EUS, endoscopic ultrasound; SMA, smooth muscle actin. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2333.jpg | Does wrights stain? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3428521_Fig3_151947.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression of NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2 in vivo. Both NEAT1 isoforms are ubiquitously expressed in cultured cell lines, but NEAT1_1 is expressed in particular cell types, and NEAT1_2 expression is further restricted to a small number of cells in particular regions. a Expression of NEAT1_1/2 in the intestine, colon, and spleen. In the gut, NEAT1_2 is expressed in a region where natural cell loss occurs. In the spleen, only megakaryocytes express NEAT1_2. b Distribution of ESTs in the public genome database, UCSC genome browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu/). Much smaller numbers of ESTs are mapped to NEAT1_2 -specific regions |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2813.jpg | Does this image show old lesion well shown? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3758518_F0003_228245.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Plain radiographic lateral view showing bone resorption and collapse of the anterior and medial tuberosity of the calcaneus as well as proximal displacement of the greater tuberosity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4100811_F2_306578.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Proliferative response of juvenile and adult utricular supporting cells to cyclin D1 overexpression. Explants were pulsed with EdU for 24 h between days 2 and 3, and analyzed at 3 and 7 DIV. (A,A') AdcD1-infected P6 utricle displays high numbers of EdU+/Sox2+ SCs. (B,B') AdcD1-infected P50 utricle shows lower numbers of EdU+ SCs. (C,C') Non-infected utricular explant is devoid of proliferating SCs. (D,D') The AdcD1-infected P6 utricle shows EdU+/cD1+ SCs (arrowheads). In addition, there are only EdU-positive and only cD1-positive SCs due to cell cycle dynamics and EdU pulsing (see Results). Abbreviations: AdcD1, adenovirus encoding cyclin D1; utr, utricle. Scale bar, shown in D': A-C', 20 µm; D,D', 8 µm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4114701_f1-ol-08-03-1246_309794.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Thoracic computed tomography images of the mediastinal tumor. (A-C) Thoracic cross-sectional imaging showing the different layers of the tumor. The lesion is indicated by downward-pointing arrows. (D-F) Thoracic vertical section imaging showing the layers of the tumor, indicated by upward-pointing arrows. |
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