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splits/subfolder_3/PMC4561983_fig9_421558.jpg
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Comparison of the subcutaneous threadlike structure and lymphatic vessel using transmission electron microscopy. (a) Threadlike structure containing a sinus structure (S), mast cell (MC) and its granules (asterisks), monocyte (M), and eosinophil (E). (b) Lymphatic vessel containing mostly lymphocytes (L). Note that there is a difference in the major resident cells between the threadlike structure and the lymphatic vessel.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45133.jpg
Provide a brief description of the given image.
A-lines. A-lines (arrowheads) are horizontal artifacts generated by the repeated reflection of the ultrasound beam between the pleural line and the probe surface
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4046664_Fig2_294968.jpg
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Images of double staining against NG2 (clone 9.2.27)/GFAP and NG2 (clone 9.2.27)/Iba-1. (A) Co-localisation between GFAP+ astrocyte (red) and granular NG2 (green). (B) No co-localisation between iba-1+ microglia (red) and granular NG2 (green). C-E represent images of an NG2 and GFAP staining in a higher magnification, where (C) shows both ramified (arrow) and clustered (arrowhead) NG2, (D) shows a GFAP+ astrocyte and (E) a merged picture of the two stainings. F-G represent images of NG2 and Iba-1 stainings in a higher magnification where (F) shows ramified NG2 cells (arrowhead), (G) Iba-1+ microglia and (H) a merged picture of the two stainings. Scale bar A, B=20 μm and C-H=15 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4203891_Fig1_329342.jpg
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging in T1-weighted series of (A) axial, (B) coronal, and (C) sagittal sections. The hyperintense areas in topography of the right sphenoid sinus are evident in the three images, suggestive of fungal sinusitis. Hyperintense areas in the right superolateral cortical regions are evident in the three images, suggestive of cerebral infarction with luxury hyperemia by arteritis.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90r4074yavx6d87z.jpg
Is there text?
No
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4467074_Fig7_396714.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
A total of 500 cells were counted at the most intense Ki-67-stained area for the assessment of Ki-67 positivity(100 × magnification)
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_1964.jpg
What does obvious gangrenous necrosis child with congenital heart disease post op exact cause know?
shock vs emboli
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4671582_pone.0144475.g003_451141.jpg
What is shown in this image?
3D representation of conformational epitopes (A to J) of the highest antigenic nucleocapsid (N) protein of MERS-CoV.The epitopes are represented by yellow surface, and the bulk of the N protein is represented in grey sticks.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3019016_F2_83846.jpg
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The brain contrast CT scan performed 24 hours after admission revealed multiple zones with contrast enhancement localized in both cerebellar hemispheres, in the right temporal lobe, in the right occipital lobe and in the left occipital lobe, one of them associated with an acute hemorrhage (a left cerebellar hematoma). The aspect of the lesions was suggestive for cerebral metastases.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3880164_F3_256319.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
Follow-up (A) anterior-posterior and (B) lateral X-rays, and (C) a coronal computed tomography (CT) scan at three months after surgery shows no evidence of recurrent or residual tumor. There is evidence of bony healing without signs of instrumentation failure.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3403075_fig4_146243.jpg
Explain the various aspects of the image before you
MVD (as evaluated by CD31 expression) in LMS vessels ((b), (d), (f)) and peritumoral area ((a), (c), (e)). Immunohistochemistry technique, magnification ×200. There were no significant differences in the MVD between LMS and the PA. MVD in LMS at grade 1 phase (b) was higher than at grade 2 and grade 3 phases; however, in each tumor case, indices varied in the same manner as the MVD in the PA. A positive control for CD31 (capillary hemangioma, ×400) is shown in the left upper corner.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1246.jpg
What does this image show?
fixed tissue saggital section stenotic foramen magnum
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05721.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
US showing the same nodule with internal vascularity.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic29762.jpg
what type of contrast did this patient have?
iv
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1774568_F1_8586.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
Magnetic resonance imaging. Axial T2-weighted sequence showing diffuse cortical atrophy predominating at the left sylvian fissure.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2538491_f3_27751.jpg
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Immunofluorescent staining of cytochrome c in cultured corneal endothelial cells. Cells were incubated either in the absence of mitomycin C for 24 h (control, A) or in the presence of 0.001 mg/ml (B) and 0.01 mg/ml (C) mitomycin C for 24 h. The intensity of fluorescence staining with cytochrome c was gradually enhanced from the control cells to the apoptotic cells. Apoptotic changes throughout the cytosol were clearly visible following exposure to 0.01 mg/ml mitomycin C for 24 h. The bar in each panel represents 5 μm. Two other independent experiments produced similar results.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4045584_pone-0098672-g001_294571.jpg
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The development of sticky callus and frog egg-like bodies (FELBs) from the leaf, root, and stem explants of S. nigrum.A, B and C represent root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A1, B1 and C1 represent translucent sticky callus induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A2, B2 and C2 represent FELBs at an early stage of development induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A3, B3 and C3 represent FELBs at a late stage of development induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A4, B4 and C4 represent enlarged views of FELBs from parts of A3, B3 and C3.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2766.jpg
Is Chromoblastomycosis present?
yes
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4688289_Fig6_455570.jpg
Describe the following image in detail
a Radiographic evidence of septic loosening of a femoral prosthesis. b, c Removal of the implant and placement of an antibiotic spacer consisting of an intramedullary nail (b) covered in antibiotic cement (c). d A radiograph of the antibiotic spacer after removal of the prosthesis. e Reimplantation of the prosthesis after eradication of the infection
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2670517_pone-0005354-g003_37483.jpg
Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.
Expression of Wnt5a and Fzd proteins in psoriasis.(a) Immunohistochemistry of Wnt5a was performed as detailed in Methods. Panels on left are 200×, panels on right are at 400× magnification. Wnt5a staining was virtually identical in n = 12 samples from independent patients.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4648991_Fig2_444749.jpg
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Plant regeneration from jujube and pear transformed with JrVTE1. a, e Putative transgenic adventitious calli from leaves of pear and jujube, respectively. b, f Putative transgenic adventitious bud regeneration from leaf calli of pear and jujube, respectively. c, g Transgenic shoot proliferation of pear and jujube, respectively. d, h Transgenic plants of pear and jujube, respectively
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2101.jpg
Is lymphoma present?
no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3540019_pone-0053997-g002_177608.jpg
Summarize the visual content of the image.
Gardnerella dominated polymicrobial biofilm attached to the endometrium.Prolific Gardnerella dominated biofilm within follicular (left panel) and luteal (right panel) endometrium. Hybridization is performed with Gard C3 orange fluorescence FISH probe, at magnification ×1000. The anatomic location of bacteria within the endometrium excludes the possibility of contamination.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4227373_fig2_334958.jpg
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Histologic features of tumor in the left inguinal lymph node. (a) The RMS-like component showed variably sized cystic spaces separated by fibrovascular septa. (b) Cystic spaces lined by loosely cohesive primitive cells floating into spaces, imparting an alveolar pattern. (c) The tumor cells demonstrated nesting pattern within the fibrovascular septa (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnification ×40 (a); original magnification × 200 (b); original magnification ×400 (c)).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2167.jpg
Is squamous cell carcinoma present?
no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3552618_fig2s1_180632.jpg
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Tubulin accumulation in large inclusions after different stresses is specific to TBs.Confocal projections of Arabidopsis GFP-TUA6 leaves subjected to the stress indicated and examined by in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy. (A) Wild type CaMV-infected leaf epidermis, (B) Leaf epidermis infected with the CaMV-ΔP2 mutant that does not form TBs, and (C) Healthy lead epidermis. Arrows indicate tubulin-containing TBs, visualized by live GFP-tubulin fluorescence (green). Chloroplast autofluorescence is shown in magenta. Note, however, that heat-shock induced some small GFP-tubulin aggregates. Scale bar = 10 μm.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00183.011
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3355134_pone-0037365-g002_138564.jpg
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Embryos lacking both Notch2 and Notch3 have disrupted blood vessels.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of transverse sections of E11.5 embryos through the heart and midsection (A–D), descending aorta (E–H), and caudal aorta (I–L). In the Notch2−/−;Notch3−/− (N2−/−;N3−/−) embryos, the paired dorsal aorta is expanded in size and filled with blood (D, arrowheads). Higher magnification of blood vessels in double mutant embryos show a lack of cells surrounding the lumen (H, L). The overall structure of blood vessels appears relatively normal in the single Notch2−/− (N2−/−;N3+/+) and Notch3−/− (N2+/+;N3−/−) mice. Scale bar = 100 µm. (H) heart, (nt) neural tube.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4439484_fig1_388441.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
Vaginal ultrasonography demonstrated a 4.9 × 5.3 cm hypoechoic lesion behind the uterine cervix.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1785.jpg
What does this image show?
parathyroid
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3683463_fig2_211764.jpg
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Contrast-enhanced MRI reveals a multicentric osteoid osteoma with two nidi in the femur diaphysis with a larger nidus of 6 × 5 mm (solid arrowhead in (a) and (c)) and a smaller 2 × 2 mm nidus inferiorly (open arrowhead in (b) and (c)). Note the thickened cortical bone and the bone marrow edema of the right femoral diaphysis. (a) and (b) contrast-enhanced T1 fs MRI; (c) T1 TSE MRI.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45400.jpg
Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.
Computer tomography of the right hip, axial view.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4042385_F1_293665.jpg
Explain the various aspects of the image before you
Matched representative SAX slices from in vivo pre contrast T2W (BB-T2-STIR) (A) and pre-contrast T2 map (B). A time series of post contrast EGE (PSIR) are shown in (C-E) with time post infusion shown. Significant T2 reduction with heterogeneity is presented from the T2 map (magnified in Figure 2). MVO is clearly detected from EGE as the hypointensity surrounded by enhanced signal though the temporal variation of the area of MVO represents the sensitivity to contrast agent kinetics.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2902057_fig3_68510.jpg
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Pathological findings. The histopathological findings revealed a solid tubuloglandular pattern, resembling an adenomatous tumor of the middle ear ((a) examination on low power). One cell type, the A-type cells lining the glandular lumina, was observed with a lower frequency. These slender darkly staining cells had the appearance of endothelial cells. The other cells, the B-type cells, were observed in glandular structures and were characterized by a round or oval nucleus and an abundant, pale cytoplasm ((b) examination on high power). The B-type cells were typically positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin A, and synaptophysin, and 6.6% of the carcinoid tumor cells were positive for MIB-1 staining.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4553962_F1_418920.jpg
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(A) Ultrasonography indicates a 3.5 × 2.2 cm diameter hypoechoic lesion, which envelope is integrated (white arrow). (B) Plain CT scan demonstrated a homogeneous hypodensity mass relative to the surrounding liver parenchyma, measuring 2.1 × 3.4 cm in diameter (white arrow). CT = computed tomography.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1557733_F4_6887.jpg
Examine the image closely and share its details
Keratin 6ab (K6ab)-null mammary gland whole-mount analysis. Mammary glands were isolated from intact wild-type (WT) or K6ab-null animals at 6 weeks (a–d) or transplanted WT or K6ab-null tissues were harvested after either 4 weeks of outgrowth (e–h) or 10 weeks of outgrowth after 2 days of treatment with estrogen and progesterone (i–l). Whole-mount staining of the glands to reveal ductal structures is shown at two magnifications. Scale bar, 1 mm. LN, lymph node.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4428624_pone.0126862.g009_385460.jpg
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Error accumulation of pair-wise registration.(a) Overview; (b) Scans 1 and 4; (c) Scans 2 and 5; (d) Scans 3 and 6; (e) Scans 7 and 10; (f) Scans 8 and 11; (g) Scans 9 and 12.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4556961_f1_419800.jpg
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PEA-CLARITY clearing of N. tabacum and A. thaliana leaves.(A) fresh leaf disc from a fully expanded N. tabacum leaf (left) and a whole fully expanded A. thaliana leaf (right). (B) fixed, hydrogel embedded, passively cleared leaves. (C) cleared cell wall enzyme treated leaves for immunohistochemistry and imaging. Scale bar: 1 mm
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3369150_F2_140878.jpg
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A. An AP radiograph from a 74-year-old woman, who had had sudden onset of right knee pain 7 weeks previously, showing a radiolucent oval lesion in the medial femoral condyle. The patient was classified as being at stage 2 of SONK and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3. B. A coronal T2-weighted MRI showed an area of low signal intensity. C. A sagittal T2-weighted MRI with fat suppression showed subchondral changes and extensive bone marrow edema
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4700104_Fig2_458938.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Representative autoradiograms of binding [125I]SST-28 in rat brains after 2 weeks of CMS procedure. C—control group, SR—stress-reactive group, SNR—stress non-reactive group, SIR—stress invert-reactive group, NS—non specific binding obtained using 1 μM SST14 non labeled rat somatostatin-14. Brain structures were selected using the Rat Brain Atlas Paxinos and Watson 1998
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1590045_F4_7375.jpg
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Microendoscopic view ×150 showing mucosal surface and underlying capillary network at time "1". No methylene blue stain was used. Here the capillaries are seen to open up and become visible; this is a pulsatile phenomenon in real time. This suggests good flow and perfusion pressure. The procedure may be done intraoperatively and postoperatively via an endoscope.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4242995_F1_338856.jpg
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Vulva sonography shows hypoechoic mass 2.9×2.5×2.1 cm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3062588_F1_90794.jpg
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HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections. A: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice as control. B:Uterus of 90 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; C: Uterus of 140 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; D: Uterus of 190 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; E: Uterus of 240 ± 5 d ICR mice with biopsy confirmed adenomyosis; (L, luminal epithelium; G, glandular epithelium; S, stromal cell; M, myometrium cell; arrows, ectopic endometrium; Bar = 50μm).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3377676_pone-0039288-g003_141904.jpg
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Serial sections of a muscle biopsy obtained from the left quadriceps femoris muscle of the index patient (patient III-1).A, Hematoxylin and eosin-stained cryostat section of muscle showing variations in fiber size and single or grouped atrophic fibers. B and C, Hematoxylin-eosin and modified Gomori trichrome stains demonstrating rimmed vacuoles (arrows). D, NADH dehydrogenase reacted section showing several fibers harbored focal decreases of enzyme activity. E and F, Congo red stained sections viewed under rhodamine optics showing small congophilic deposits in a few fibers (arrows). G and H, Electron micrograph showing cytoplasmic filamentous aggregates in a muscle fiber.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3826807_figure4_242685.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Identification of SLN in the area of the right external iliac vessels.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2701563_fig04_40689.jpg
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Example of hybrid PET perfusion and CT angiography. a: CT angiography (spiral mode) shows multi-vessel disease with occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) and poorly visualized mid right coronary artery (RCA). Moderate disease in left circumflex artery LCX. b: Hybrid display during adenosine stress demonstrates severe perfusion reduction in LAD associated region (anterior view) while perfusion was best preserved in LCX related region (posterior view). Perfusion was colour scaled so that red colour denotes 3.5 ml/min/g. Resting perfusion was normal (not shown). Total radiation dose of the hybrid study was 22.3 mSv.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuy8zv8074ya010fwou.jpg
What color is the anatomical landmark?
Red, Pink, White
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3098863_pone-0020029-g002_96470.jpg
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Elevated expression of BIGH3 and ULBP2 in PC tissues.(A), Immunohistochemical staining for BIGH3 (left panel) and ULBP2 (right panel) in paired pericancerous adjacent non-cancerous (lower panel) and tumor (upper panel) tissues. Scale bar, 100 µm. Original magnification, ×400. (B), Box-plot analysis of the immunohistochemical staining scores in paired adjacent non-cancerous (AN) and tumor tissues. The box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles of the data range; the middle line indicates the median; the dashed line shows the middle 90% distribution.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4578851_Fig1_425742.jpg
Provide a detailed description of the given image
At low power (a, b, ×100), the metastatic GIST resected in 2014 demonstrated variable cellularity, with spindled to predominately epithelioid cells embedded within a myxoid stroma. On high power (c, ×400) cellular areas demonstrated sheets of epithelioid tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm and monotonous nuclei with finely granular chromatin, typical for epithelioid GIST. Scattered mitotic figures were present. Immunohistochemical study for DOG1 (d, ×200) was diffusely positive in tumor cells
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4372679_Fig1_371458.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Single cross section of the liver. Whole-liver stiffness was calculated as a mean of such ROIs drawn on all axial slices of the liver. The ROI is presented on T2-weighted image (left), elastogram (middle), and fused image of T2WI and elastogram (right).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7906s074yfbj0gei6.jpg
How many polyps are in the image?
0
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4411880_fig2_381320.jpg
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MRI of the abdomen with a large subcapsular abscess.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyzdomc086u6zg4fuqv.jpg
Is there text?
Yes
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66995.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pneumothoraces are often refractory to conventional chest tube drainage, becoming chronic, requiring pleurodesis or surgical intervention as in this patient
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4489160_Fig7_402095.jpg
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Survey of IBA1+ staining in the hippocampus of autopsy cases. (a) Representative examples of IBA1+ staining pattern in the brain regions analyzed by digital neuropathological analysis(b) A low powered photomicrograph shows the widespread distribution of rod shaped microglia in the CA1 region of a DLB individual (case #34). Long trains of microglia (highlighted by blue arrows) are shown at higher magnification in (c).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3239374_F1_119445.jpg
Explain the various aspects of the image before you
Evaluation of autophagy in the AF cells under electronic microscope. Electron micrographs of annulus fibrosus (AF) cell after 24 hours of starvation. (a) AF cell in autophagy, observed by electronic microscopy in 8,000×. (b and c) A typical autophagosome in 50,000× and 150,000×. Double-limiting membrane could be observed in the autophagosome (arrowheads). The contents of the autophagosome might be a cellular organelle, mitochondria or RNA.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3247073_F1_120206.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
Conventional interface between surgery and radiotherapy. (A) Radiotherapist obtains limited information out of OP notes, histology, and post-operative CT scan. (B) Intra-operative markings are transferred to radiotherapists to complete 3D information.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46857.jpg
what is most alarming about this mri?
cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs9158074y7xp278o9.jpg
Is there text?
No
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4000595_Fig1_284412.jpg
Offer a thorough analysis of the image
An axial thoracic image from early postmortem MDCT in a 62-year-old man with cardiac arrest demonstrates the ascending thoracic aorta (black arrowhead) with a high-attenuation wall (70 HU) and a normal minor/major- axial diameter ratio (0.9). An elliptical descending thoracic aorta (black arrow) with a minor/major-axial diameter ratio of 0.78 had a non-high attenuating wall measuring 58HU. No high-attenuated sedimentation was diagnosed in either great vessel. The presternal subcutaneous fat depth (white arrow) is 3.6 mm. Each line in the descending thoracic aorta indicates the minor- and major-axial diameter, respectively. The upper half of the lumen of the ascending thoracic aorta is manually traced for measuring the attenuation.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3117678_F1_99318.jpg
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Visualisation of lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. C3H10 T1/2 cells were treated for 7 days with rosiglitazone (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM) and, after fixation with 60% isopropanol, stained with A) Oil Red O or B) Hoechst 33342 and BODIPY® 493/503. Images were acquired using A) a Nikon Coolpix 990 camera at 20× magnification or B) the Cellomics® HCS Reader camera (20×).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3940946_pone-0090674-g002_271140.jpg
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In a 38-year-old female with a 11×8 mm nodule on the inferior segment of the right thyroid lobe, surgical pathology showed a papillary thyroid carcinoma.(a) Gray-scale US showed a hypoechoic nodule with well-defined margin. (b) CEUS showed isoenhancement. (c) The SWV value was 2.39 m/s when the region of interest was placed within the nodule. It was misdiagnosed as benign nodule by conventional US, CEUS and ARFI.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2268692_F8_19222.jpg
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Reslice images of phantom data. The images show reslices through the phantom data set. The upper row of reslices are along the length of the data, showing the length and tilt. The lower reslices are parallel to the scanning surface and therefore show length and yaw. All the reslices use frames from the forward sweep only. (a) Position sensor only reconstruction. (b) Sensorless only. (c) Six degree-of-freedom correction. (d) Orientation-only correction.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4328926_F2_358465.jpg
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MRI Gadolinium enhanced image showing the PA confluence and stump positioned to the left of the DKS with LPA origin kinking. NA : Neo-Aorta. S: Stump. R: Right pulmonary artery. L: Left pulmonary artery. DA: Descending Aorta
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4140809_pone-0105550-g007_314638.jpg
Examine the image closely and share its details
Oncogenic K-Ras induces Glut1 expression in BASCs. A. Immunofluorescent analysis of CC10 (green) and SP-C (red) dual positive BASCs of K-Ras (+/LSLG12Vgeo); RERTn (ert/ert) mice after 4-OHT treatment in vitro. B. Spheres from K-Ras (+/LSLG12Vgeo); RERTn (ert/ert) mice treated with 4-OHT in vitro show β-Gal staining and Glut1 expression compared with no Glut1 staining in control spheres from K-Ras (+/LSLG12Vgeo); RERTn (ert/ert) mice not treated with 4-OHT. Magnification 200×. Calibration bar: 50 µm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2556736_F3_28297.jpg
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Second thoracic computed tomography scan on day 2 (axial and oblique views). (a) The intermediate trunk is disrupted with a visible posterior wall defect below the origin of the right upper lobe bronchus (arrow). Note the persisting right pneumothorax despite adequate chest tube drainage. (b) An abnormal lucency raising the possibility of a bronchial disruption is seen on the oblique view.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1430.jpg
Does this image show periodontal fibroma?
yes
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3502413_F3_167116.jpg
Share a concise interpretation of the image provided.
Chest and cranial CT of the second patient: A chest Computed tomography (CT) revealed a spherical mass in the right lung lower lobe (Figure 3A), and cranial CT showed normal (Figure 3B).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4637867_f3_442419.jpg
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Microstructures and electrical properties of graphene/Ag hybrid fibers.(a) SEM images of the outer surface of graphene/Ag hybrid fibers with a drawing ratio of 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6. (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of the graphene/Ag hybrid fiber (Rdraw = 0.6) and Ag, carbon, and oxygen EDS mapping images. (c) Electrical conductivities and resistances of graphene/Ag hybrid fibers as a function of drawing ratios.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2685799_F4_38985.jpg
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Comparison of cellular morphology from two cultivars of apple flesh tissue, single cell extraction (A, C) and confocal microscopy of whole section (B, D). (A, B) 'Scifresh/Jazz™') apples with more angular cells. (C, D) 'SciRos/Pacific Rose™') apples with rounder cells. Bars represent 200 μM.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2772048_F0008_49947.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
FLAIR sequence shows more intense lesion as compared to initial study (first follow-up study of same patient done 35 days after acute onset)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC545047_F1_1048.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-C in biopsied specimens (upper panel) and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin and VEGF-C in metastastic lymph node (middle and lower panel). a, VEGF-C positive type in biopsied specimens. b, VEGF-C negative type in biopsied specimens. c, f, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining in metastastic lymph node. d, g, immunohistochemical staining of cytokeratin in metastastic lymph node. e, VEGF-C positive type in metastastic lymph node. h, VEGF-C negative type in metastastic lymph node.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2885055_f3_66012.jpg
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Localization of CP and P20 in serial sections of BaMV-V-infected common bamboo. Serial sections were treated with anti-BaMV-CP (a, c) or anti-P20 (b, d) serum, respectively, followed by immunogold labelling. Panels labelled (ii) show higher magnifications of the inserts in the respective panels. IC, Intercellular space; see Fig. 2 for other abbreviations.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2680.jpg
What is present?
vasculature
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3231192_f3-sensors-10-08526_118333.jpg
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Histochemical analysis of GUS expression in leaf tissues of tobacco (A) and Arabidopsis (B) plants exposed to heat-shock at 42 °C for 6 h. HSP-FLP-GUS (transgenic containing FLP/FRT recombination system); HSP-GUS (transgenic control: heat-shock promoter driving GUS expression); 35S-GUS (transgenic control: CaMV 35S promoter driving GUS expression); wild type (non-transgenic control).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4664697_F1_448869.jpg
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A postoperative radiograph of a surgical hip dislocation secured with screws.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4546308_Fig3_416707.jpg
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PET/CT before treatment showing involvement of right vagus nerve and brachial plexus (whole body images). Wide white arrow indicates high glucose metabolism area of the right vagus nerve running zone; fine white arrow indicates high glucose metabolism area of the right brachial plexus running zone
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3369894_f4_140969.jpg
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Brn3a-labeled retinal ganglion cells in flatmount retinas. Left: Brn3a signal (red); middle: 4’,6’-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) signal (blue); right: superimposition of both images. The density of Brn3a+ RGCs in 6 and 12 weeks’ onset of diabetes and control mice are shown in the images (each visual field represents a 133 μm2 area). All images were obtained at 40× magnification. Bar: 2 μm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3765395_pone-0074679-g007_229984.jpg
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Cell internalization observed by confocal laser microscopy.a, stained SK-BR-3 cells with unstained NsiL; b, unstained SK-BR-3 cells with stained NsiL; c and d, co-stained NsiL in SK-BR-3 cells.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4194407_Fig3_327216.jpg
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Phase microscopic observation of MLO-Y4 osteocytes after metal ion treatment for 24 hr. Round-shaped cells that lost long dendritic cell processes characteristic to MLO-Y4 osteocytes were observed in both Co- and Ni-ion-treated cells at 0.50 mM (arrowheads). Scale bar =50 μm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4376778_pone.0122706.g004_372284.jpg
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The level of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain sections of experimental mice studied by immunohistochemistry.Confocal microscopy images of the hippocampus CA1 or motor/somatosensory cortex of non-treated (Ctrl), α7(1–208)-immunized or LPS-injected mice stained with biotinylated Aβ40- or Aβ42-specific antibodies and developed with Extravidin-Cy3 (red) and with α7-specific antibody developed with anti-rabbit Alexa 488 (green). Bar corresponds to 50μm, actual for each fragment of the panel.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3163576_pone-0022835-g004_106771.jpg
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Final registration results for five tumors.Registered ex vivo T2*-w MRI (first column), in vivo T2*-w MRI (second column), registered color 3D histology (third column), and checkerboard view of in vivo and registered histology (fourth column).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4450987_Fig3_391987.jpg
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Dieulafoy’s-like lesion leading to massive bleeding seen during upper endoscopy.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3202124_fig1_113232.jpg
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These images highlight the limitations of cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in differentiating cyst types. By CT ((a)+(c)) and by EUS ((b)+(d)), the two cysts look very similar. The cyst in (a) and (b) was a macrocystic serous cystadenoma and the cyst in (c) and (d) was a mucinous cystadenoma. The histology of both was confirmed by surgical resection.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3212843_F1_115048.jpg
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CT scans of our patient before and after imatinib rechallenge. (A,B) Recurrent tumors (nodules) can be seen in the peritoneum of our patient, who had received prior adjuvant imatinib treatment. (C,D) After one month of rechallenge with imatinib, our patient demonstrated a partial response to imatinib treatment, with the nodule sizes decreasing by 43%.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3414710_Fig4_148893.jpg
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Representative immunohistochemical images of Bcrp distribution in wild-type and Bcrp−/− (negative control) mouse pancreas (female, a–d), testis (e–h) and ovary (i–l). Perfusion-fixed, paraffin embedded organ-sections were incubated with a primary antibody against mouse Bcrp (BXP-9). DAB chromogene staining (brown) visualizes Bcrp localization. The sections were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin. Bars 100 μm (b, d, f, h, j, l). a, e, i represent details of Bcrp positivity and corresponding negative controls (c, g, k); bars in these insets 50 μm. Blood vessels in the testis and ovary showed distinct Bcrp positivity, whereas in the pancreas, they showed very subtle Bcrp staining
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glts4xz071u6b7n1x9y.jpg
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Yes
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4198198_pone-0110090-g006_328277.jpg
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Scanning electron microscopy of polycaprolactone tubes.(A and A′) Appearance of the empty tube before being implanted (A), and higher magnification of the tube wall showing its normal aspect (A′); (B and B′) tube containing the growing nerve in its interior (B) and the tube wall starting to disintegrate three weeks after the implant (B′); (C and C′) regenerated nerve within the tube (C′) and tube wall in process of disintegration (C′) eight weeks after implantation. Arrows delimit the thickness of the tube wall, which is clearly reduced over time. Bar: 200 µm (A, B and C) and 50 µm (A′, B′ and C′).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3423055_F4_150782.jpg
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Conventional X-ray of the affected tibia 42 days after surgical drainage and the onset of antibiotic treatment. Frontal X-ray control after pharmacological and surgical treatment illustrates the diffuse bone remodeling and sclerosis. Major narrowing of the tibiotalar joint space illustrates the aggressiveness of the overall infectious process.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4244547_Fig6_339193.jpg
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Postoperative X-ray of lumbar spine
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2668915_fig1_37249.jpg
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(a) Coronal T1-weighted, (b) T2-weighted, and (c) Gd enhanced magnetic resonance imaging shows a tumor measured approximately 8 × 4 × 3 cm. (d) Tumor encircles by the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), and flexor pollicis longus (FPL), and pushes aside median nerve (arrow).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4448998_pone.0126947.g013_391217.jpg
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Expression pattern of ceh-37::GFP.(A) Embryonic expression time points of ceh-37::GFP (Recording: ceh37_030307). DIC and GFP channels are shown. An early phase of expression is seen in four cells AB.alaaa, AB.alaap, AB.arpaa, ABarpap as determined by manual lineaging, and very weakly in their mothers. This expression fades and later expression arises in neuroblasts that give rise to the cells described ([48], Tong et al., in preparation). (B) SC expression mapped onto the Ce2008 model [12]. (C) SC expression mapped onto the lineage tree, green above the lineage line represents the GFP signal levels. The same cells as determined by manual lineaging show strong signal.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1142.jpg
Is vasculature present?
no
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1816.jpg
What is present ?
malignant lymphoma
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4322366_f3_356836.jpg
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Comparison of the imaging results of SOFI and JT-SOFI.(a)–(c) Average images of microtubule networks labeled by QD525, QD625 and QD705, respectively. (d) Merged image of (a), (b) and (c). (e)–(g) 4th order SOFI images of microtubule networks labeled by QD525, QD625 and QD705, respectively. (h) Merged image of (e), (f) and (g). (i), (j) Skeletonized images of (e) and (h), in which the long continuous microtubules are predominant in (h). (k) Histograms of the length of the continuous lines in (i) and (j) are plotted. Scale bars: 1 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3998017_f5_283936.jpg
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In vivo tumor imaging.Serial imaging before, and at 2, 5 and 24 hours after intravenous administration of Ibrutinib-BFL to a representative mouse harboring a BTK-positive HT1080 tumor (red; first column). Note extensive drug accumulation in all cells, persisting even at the 24-hour time point. * Indicates accumulation in non-tumor cells (see Fig. 6). Scale bar: 50 µm.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2983081_F0002_78583.jpg
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Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): (a) serous cystadenoma—papillary arrangement of benign epithelial cells (H and E, ×250) (b) mucinous cystadenoma—mucinous material with scattered columnar and inflammatory cells (H and E, ×250) (c) serous cystadenocarcinoma—papillary arrangement of malignant epithelial cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli (H and E, ×250) and (d) mucinous cystadenocarcinoma—tumor cells in a papillary pattern, with vacuolated cytoplasm and mucin secretion (H and E, ×250)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3578851_pone-0056837-g005_187024.jpg
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Inhibitory effect of pirfenidone on TGF-β2-induced epithlial-mesenchymal transition in SRA01/04 cells.Compared with control cells (A), immunocytofluorescence demonstrated that the TGF-beta2 significantly up-regulated the mesenchymal phenotypic marker fibronectin (FN, green) in SRA01/04 cells (C). Either in the absence (B) or presence (D) of TGF-beta2, FN was significantly down-regulated after 24 hours’ treatment with 0.5 mg/ml PFD. The nuclei stained by DAPI (blue). Magnification, ×400.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02383.jpg
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Measurement of the cerebellar vermian anteroposterior (AP) and craniocaudal (CC) diameters. CM, cisterna magna; white arrow, fourth ventricle; black arrows, corpus callosum.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49026.jpg
what part of the body is being imaged?
skull and contents
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2785810_F2_52122.jpg
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Axial view of the orbital computerized tomographic scan showing the tumor encasing the optic nerve. Prominent bony destruction could not be observed.