image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_1/PMC3979010_F6_279713.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunoelectron microscopic images showing tumor necrosis factor β receptor in T lymphocytes by immunogold labeling. T lymphocytes were either left untreated without primary antibody (A) or with primary antibody (B) or treated with 5 ng/ml interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (C). Immunogold labeling (arrows) is detected at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes with antibodies against tumor necrosis factor β receptor. Images shown are representative of three different experiments. Original magnification, ×25,000; bar, 0.25 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2734524_F2_44513.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Patient No 5: CT scan showing trachea compression (on the left) and state before (in the middle) and after SETA of the left inferior thyroid artery (on the right). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56313.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Computed tomography of the chest showed an irregular wall thickening at the lower esophagus. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4489084_F4_401935.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Brevianthus
flavus
subsp.
flavus: A leaf apex scale B cells below apex on abaxial leaf surface scale C abaxial leaf surface at mid-leaf scale D abaxial leaf surface scale E adaxial leaf surface F adaxial leaf surface detail. All from NSW89112. Scale: 60 µm (A); 40 µm (B); 20 µm (C, F); 10 µm (D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4684072_f0003_454465.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Cellular morphology of (A) Pseudomonas sp. IES-Ps-1 at 6500X magnification, (B) Bacillus sp. IES-B at 5500X magnification and (C) Pseudomonas sp. IES-S at 6500X magnification when grown in nutrient broth and the respective cells of IES-Ps-1, (D) IES-B (E) and IES-S (F) grown in mineral medium supplemented with phenol. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3036629_F19_86678.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | CMR assessment of biventricular volumes and mass in repaired TOF. Cross-referencing between ventricular long- and short-axis imaging planes aids determining inclusion of basal slices in the ventricular volume analysis. When an operator selects a frame on the short-axis grid, that location is highlighted on the linked horizontal and vertical long axis images, allowing the operator to determine the location of the slab relative to the atrioventricular valves. Right lower panel: Examples of contour drawings on the left and right ventricular endocardial and epicardial boundaries at the base, mid-ventricular, and apical levels. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3971497_fig2_277809.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | ((a) and (b)): ultrasonography with the probe placed at the right lateral abdominal wall revealed a cystic structure (GB) between the upper pole of the right kidney (RK) and the liver (L). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4382986_F4_374303.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Whole mount lateral ventricle preparation. (A) Whole mount of adult brain from heterozygote and wild type mice stained for X-Gal (blue). Arrows indicate dorsal and anterior coordinates. Scale bar 1 mm. Bottom left panel shows higher magnification view of the X-Gal staining in the lateral wall of the ventricle (scale bar 100 μm). (B) Immunostaining of Lin41 (red) in a wild type sample prepared in parallel. Scale bar 100 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3849072_F2_247905.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Ultrasound image of subscapularis enthesitis: sagittal B-mode US scaning of subscapularis tendon showing bony erosion with enthesophytes. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3688993_pone-0067329-g001_212872.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Structural between group differences.(A) The top row shows clusters of decreased FA values in high functioning autism (HFA) participants compared to healthy controls (HC) (pcorr≤0.01). (B) The bottom row shows clusters of decreased gray matter volume in HFA compared to HC (puncorr≤0.001). Clusters d-h are not displayed in the Figure but shown in Table 2. Indices A–E and a–c correspond to cluster indices in Table 2. Brains are displayed in radiologic convention (the right side of the brain Figure corresponds to the left hemisphere and vice versa). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54624.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4388691_pone.0122519.g007_375858.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | eIF4G2 function in the spermatocytes is essential for meiotic divisions during spermatogenesis.Co-staining of wild-type testes (A-A'', C-C'') and testes expressing shRNA targeting eIF4G2 using bam-Gal4:VP16 driver (B-B'', D-D'') with anti-eIF4G2 (green) and anti-eIF4E-3 (red) antibody. Knockdown of eIF4G2 in the spermatocytes does not affect eIF4E-3 distribution at the apical tip of the testes (compare A' with B') but causes meiotic arrest and results in degenerating germ cells at the distal end (D-D''). The merged images are shown in A''-D''. DNA is stained with DAPI (magenta). Scale bar 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4059474_F2_298525.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. Accumulation of loose and runny feces with mucus and frank blood. Pig #675, 11 days post inoculation, day of first observation of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, 7th day of “B. hampsonii” strain 30599 shedding, feces culture positive (3+ strongly beta-hemolytic “B. hampsonii” strain 30599) on this day, 1.86 × 108 strain 30599 genomic equivalents/g. In inoculated pigs the severity of bloody diarrhea ranged from that containing a few flecks of blood to diffusely hemorrhagic with copious blood and mucus as shown. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3564123_viruses-05-00321-f003_183715.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Plaque phenotypes of MVA-A2 and MVA-CR19 in CR and R05T cell monolayers stained with crystal violet (left panel) and at 40 × initial magnification of live cells (right panel). Note that MVA-CR19 causes plaques in R05T (see microscope image) but that these are too small to be visible to the unaided eye in the crystal violet-stained monolayer. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4459070_Fig4_394242.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Example of physiological tracer uptake in THA. 77-year old male patient with a diaphyseal fixating stem of the right hip, suffering from pain in the right hip. C) shows the stem in varus position and a radiolucent line (stress shielding) in Gruen zone 1. A), B) and D) show increased bone metabolism in the greater trochanter. This represents physiological enhancement and is consistent with the grading F2,1. After further investigations a spine-related cause of the pain was diagnosed via MRI. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3898992_pone-0085178-g003_260604.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Microvasculatures observed at different levels of collagen density.Increasing the density of the ECM reduced neovascularization in both the experiments and computational simulations. Top Row: Z-projection mosaic of 3D confocal image data showing vascularized collagen gels taken at Day 6 of growth. Bottom Row: Results of the comparable computational simulations, presented as 3D volume-renderings of the line segment data. The three levels of collagen density assessed in this study were: 2.0 mg/ml (A, D), 3.0 mg/ml (B, E), and 4.0 mg/ml (C, F). (Scale bar = 350 µm). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3101237_pone-0020214-g004_96735.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Adoptive T cell transfer.Representative histogram of CD8+ T cells homing-into the spleen of a recipient mouse 48 hours after cell transfer, before arterial injury (A). Viable lymphocytes were gated on the FSC/SSC plot. Representative sections of 21-day injured carotid arteries (400× magnification) stained with hematoxylin and eosin from Rag-1−/− mice (B), Rag-1−/− injected with CD8+ T cells (D), and Rag-1−/− mice injected with CD4+ T cells (F). Boxed area indicates magnification of the respective cross-sections (C, E, G). Arrows indicate internal elastic lamina. Bar = 50 microns. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4045584_pone-0098672-g001_294575.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The development of sticky callus and frog egg-like bodies (FELBs) from the leaf, root, and stem explants of S. nigrum.A, B and C represent root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A1, B1 and C1 represent translucent sticky callus induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A2, B2 and C2 represent FELBs at an early stage of development induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A3, B3 and C3 represent FELBs at a late stage of development induced from root, stem and leaf explants, respectively; A4, B4 and C4 represent enlarged views of FELBs from parts of A3, B3 and C3. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3449438_F1_156847.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Results from a quantitative voxel-level meta-analysis of fMRI studies reporting case-control differences associated with OCD across a range of paradigms. The panels depict areas where activation was greater in OCD patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). The R and L markers denote the side of the brain, and the numbers denote the z dimension of each slice in MNI space. The activation of these areas is consistent with the areas involved in the FSMOCD described in the present review. Reproduced with authorization from Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (Menzies et al., 2008). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4043561_f4-etm-07-06-1583_293830.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Split-based method of imaging the vertebral body. (A) Raw model prior to polishing, (B) smoothed model after polishing and (C) model after remeshing. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_1223.jpg | What is present ? | potters facies |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3515921_fig3_170915.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | 61-year-old prostate cancer patient with confirmed bone metastases; T1-weighted coronal plane (a) + (b); bone scan (c); 18F-FECHPET/CT Imaging (d) + (e). The images show a correlation between all modalities in demonstrating the metastasis in pelvis. However, the 18F-FECH-PET failed in showing the femur metastasis (outside the field of view—FOV). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3955632_fig4_274357.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | TEM observations on C. albicans cells treated alone or in combination with EOMS and antifungal drugs. (a) Untreated yeast cells; (b) yeast cells treated with EOMS alone; (c) yeast cells treated with FLC alone; (d) yeast cells treated in combination with EOMS and FLC; (e) yeast cells treated with MCFG alone; (f) yeast cells treated in combination with EOMS and MCFG. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3132439_fig8_101728.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | 3D views of the heart model. (a) Isometric view of the whole heart model. (b) Isometric view of the horizontal section of the heart model. (c) Isometric view of the vertical section of the heart model. In this image, we can see the ventricles of the mouse heart and the thickness of the heart walls. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4302646_fig03_352175.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | AECs-II apoptosis increased in the lung fibrosis of the patient. (A) Apoptosis was detected through TUNEL. Apoptotic cell nucleus and SP-C were stained with TUNEL labelled with FITC (green) and SP-C antibody (red). (B) SP-C and Bax expression was determined using a laser scanning confocal microscope. SP-C and Bax were stained, respectively, with SP-C antibody (green) and Bax antibody (red), nuclei was stained by hochest 33258 (blue). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31166.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | cavernous angioma |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3765411_F1_230018.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Findings detected with computed tomography. Panel A. Coronal CT of the chest showing left-sided lung collapse. Panel B. Axial CT of the chest revealing a pleural effusion (E) and the collapsed left lung (L). There is left mediastinal shift; the right lung is hyper-inflated. Panel C. Three dimensional (3D) reconstruction with volume rendering depicting complete collapse of the left lung with an obstructed left main bronchus. Panel D. Skeletal system removed from the 3D reconstruction. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4575683_Fig2_425032.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Male veterans with TBI: functional connectivity between left orbitofrontal cortex and other regions |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_3011.jpg | Is sacrococcygeal teratoma present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4277279_pone-0114569-g002_346932.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Comparison of structural grey matter images: decreased dorsal striatal volume in mutation carriers as compared to control subjects (*: p<0.001, uncorrected, number of voxels per cluster >20 for illustration purposes).Glass brain figure shows regional specificity of the results. Bar graphs on the right side depict parameter estimates of structural MRI volume differences between HD subjects and healty controls obtained from the left striatal peak voxel (x/y/z = −24/2/15) and the corresponding voxel on the right side (x/y/z = 24/2/15). HD: Huntington disease mutation carriers, CON: control subjects. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3388361_F1_143702.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Scanning electron microscopy images of (a) the drop-cast ZnO nanoparticle sensor surface; (b) the pure ZnO nanowire sensor surface (inset: higher magnification FESEM image of ZnO NWs); (c) DT-ZnO NP + ZnO nanowire sensor surface; and (d) THMA-ZnO NP + ZnO nanowire sensor surface (note the change in scale). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3097613_F3_95860.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplantation with cholangitic abscess. (a) Colour Doppler US at post-stenotic segment of hepatic artery showed turbulent flow and elevated peak systolic velocity. (b) Tardus-parvus waveform at pre-stenotic segment of hepatic artery with dampened flow. (c) Hypoechoic cholangitic abscess at right lobe liver graft due to hepatic ischaemia (arrows). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnv8086ub89u1wpe.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Upper-left, Lower-left, Center-left, Lower-center |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_02045.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Orthopantamograph showing an ill-defined radiolucent lesion in the left posterior maxilla |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3514797_fig1_170679.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | T1- and T2-weighted MR images showing right-sided cervical lymphadenopathy with focal hypointense areas with peripheral distribution and clear margins. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4502276_fig2_405957.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Correlation between OCT and histology. Impact-induced cartilage degeneration on top of corresponding representative 2D OCT B-scans (a–d), 3D OCT renderings (e–h), and histology images (i–l [HE]; m–p [Safranin O]); LIMP (a, e, i, m), MIMP (b, f, j, n), HIMP (c, g, k, o) postimpact, and controls (d, h, l, p). Bar represents 1 mm; OCT images fit to scale of histological sections, while entire image width in 3D OCT renderings represents 10 mm. For an explanation of the abbreviations please see Table 2. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41793.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Coronal T2 W fat-sat images showing multiples supra sphincteric fistula, with secondary tracts in ischio anal and gluteal regions |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4506128_pone.0133256.g002_407117.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Three-dimensional (3D) structure of the mandibular first molar roots.Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images show buccal and apical views of the extracted mandibular left first molars through computerized 3D reconstruction. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3289947_fig1_127758.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Diffuse interstitial pneumonia (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern) with emphysema. (a) Chest X-ray shows bibasilar ground glass and reticular opacity. Volumes of bilateral lungs are almost normal. (b) High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of upper lung shows centrilobular pulmonary emphysema. (c), (d) HRCT of lower lung shows ground glass opacity along the bronchovascular bundle including cysts with varying size. Distribution of abnormal opacity mimics NSIP. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3792513_fig3_236305.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Percutaneous venogram demonstrating opacification of the right portal vasculature (short arrow) and the left hepatic vein (long arrow) from a manual injection following percutaneous access at the junctional fistulous communication point between the left portal vein and left hepatic vein. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3155798_fig1_105145.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT scans demonstrate an aortic aneurysm, showing contrast within the true lumen, a pericardial effusion, and haemorrhage extending down the pulmonary arteries and veins to subsegmental branches. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3350284_fig1_137591.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT scan shows a dense calcified nodule in the subependymal aspect on right side and a poorly enhancing area in right temporal lobe (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3891989_F1_258407.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans. The larynx was compressed and narrowed by the hematoma. A large cervico-mediastinal hematoma was detected. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2994.jpg | Is sacrococcygeal teratoma present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4515019_Fig4_409421.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Sortin2 does not alter endocytic trafficking in Sortin2 resistant mutants. S. cerevisiae parental line (WT) and Sortin2 resistant mutants were grown on YPD supplemented with 1% DMSO (control) or 20 μM Sortin2. Cells were incubated with 24 μM FM4-64 for 30 min at 4°C. Then turned to 28°C to be imaged after 25 min by confocal microscopy. Images of 25 min incubation are shown. Two images are representative of 20 cells. The experiment was done more than three times. Scale bar represents 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4220847_F5_333010.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemistry analysis: Immunohistochemistry for collagens type I and II (“Col1 and Col2”), and alpha smooth muscle actin (“ASM”), of hyperconfluent cell sheets (“HCS”) and tensioned synoviocyte bisocaffolds (“TSB”). Immunohistochemistry negative controls are delineated by “NC.” 10X objective magnification, bar = 100 μm; Nova Red chromogen. In this example, TSB has moderate extracellular matrix staining for type I collagen, moderate intracellular immunoreactivity to type II collagen, and strong intracellular immunoreactivity to alpha smooth muscle actin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3384927_fig2_143046.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Hemophilic arthropathy of the elbow. At the age of 29 a severe degree of arthropathy was already seen in the AP radiograph (a) and in the lateral view (b). Forty years later the joint was fully destroyed both in the AP view (c) as in the lateral radiograph (d). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3546446_fig2_179391.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | ((a)-(b)) CT images with volume rendering reconstruction show the vascular anastomosis condition without stenosis or low-level perfusion signs. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1995192_F6_13840.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | postoperative panoramic radiographs after implant setting and bone augmentation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3794296_F6_236664.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Results from a group comparison between 11 patients with tspFHD and matched healthy controls for resting-state functional connectivity maps in the hemisphere representing the affected hand (left M1). Reductions in resting-state connectivity in the tspFHD group are shown in blue. Left panel: difference maps for Coh reconstructions of connections in affected M1 (left to right, Z = 63, 94, 112, 142). Right panel: difference maps for ICoh reconstructions of connections in affected M1 (Z = 115). Conventions as in previous figures. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34045.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Coupe longitudinale de l'utérus en échographie, montrant une image hyper-échogène (flèche) avec cône d'ombre postérieur (étoile) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4206860_F17_329810.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | First orthopantomograph, before the patient came to our attention: a general dentist had suggested the extraction of the impacted left lower first molar (in the blue circle), after viewing this orthopantomograph. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gljs4kb071u1b18d156.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3525542_pone-0052415-g005_174092.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Effect of IL-6 deficiency on renal fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition in the kidney.
A. Representative photomicrographs show kidney sections stained with picrosirius red for assessment of total collagen deposition. B. Bar graph shows quantitative analysis of renal interstitial collagen in different groups as indicated. ** P<0.01 vs WT control, &
P>0.05 vs WT UUO, and ++
P<0.01 vs KO UUO. n = 5 per group. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2694.jpg | Is quite good liver present? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3900264_F4_260930.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Effects of SHSST on representative H&E staining of liver tissue. Pictures in the left panel are at the original magnification of 100×. The pictures in the right panel are at the original magnification of 400 × . |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3148202_F10_104161.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Grading examples. This figure shows, from left to right, images #1, #20 and #22, graded by different experts (first and second row) and by AD3RI (third row). A high agreement was obtained among the expert's gradings of the two images represented on the left side and that show normal drusen spots. On the right side it is shown a control image containing no visible drusen that was considered an outlier due to the high variability observed among the experts. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1ewr08324259funk.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Upper-left, Lower-left, Center-left |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3237591_pone-0029121-g001_119283.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Geometric abstraction.Finite element analyses demonstrating the effect of a stiff object (the sphere) embedded within a less-stiff object on von Mises stress during loading. Side-views (a) and cross-sections (b,c) are presented for a model with a stiff center (heterogeneous) and an identical model with the material properties of cortical bone throughout (homogeneous). The solved models indicate a reduction in average von Mises stress in the outer bony shell in the homogeneous model, with increased von Mises stress found in the stiffer center relative to the homogenous model (d). Results are scaled from 0 to 2.0×107 Pa, with highest stresses indicated by white regions. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_23784.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomographic imaging with a large retroperitoneal hematoma following laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4194442_f3_327240.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Low-and (b–c) high-magnification SEM images, and (d) TEM image of the 3D hierarchical Mg-Al-LDH nanoflowers. (e) Low- and (f) high-magnification SEM images of the HRP/Mg-Al-LDH nanoflowers. Inset in Figure 2a shows the photo of the natural “Desert Rose Stone”. Inset in Figure 2e shows the TEM image of HRP/Mg-Al-LDH nanoflowers. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2766891_F0007_48712.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | T2W (A), FLAIR (B), and MD map (C) images show an infarct in the left frontoparietal region (arrow) in a 30-year-old woman. The corresponding FA map (D) and the color-coded FA fused with MD map (E) images show low FA in the infarcted region (arrow) as well as in the area subjacent to the infarct, which appears normal on conventional imaging 6 weeks after the onset of stroke |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45617.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | FDG-positron emission tomography-computed tomography was performed on 14 May 2015. Multiple areas with markedly increased FDG uptake were observed in the left breast, the adjacent left third rib and the left internal mammary region. Increased standardized uptake values in the subsequent analysis suggested malignancy. FDG, [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3998017_f5_283934.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | In vivo tumor imaging.Serial imaging before, and at 2, 5 and 24 hours after intravenous administration of Ibrutinib-BFL to a representative mouse harboring a BTK-positive HT1080 tumor (red; first column). Note extensive drug accumulation in all cells, persisting even at the 24-hour time point. * Indicates accumulation in non-tumor cells (see Fig. 6). Scale bar: 50 µm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxux8zuo074y2r20bzu8.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Upper-center, Upper-left |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3682975_pone-0066447-g001_211393.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | SEM images of the CLTO films formed in the electrolyte of EG +10%H2O +0.25%H3PO4+3%NH4F.(a) top view; (b) a fragment (c) the magnification of (a); (d) cross-sectional view. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4175794_fig02_322607.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Stromal muscle fibre tracking based on diffusion tensor microimaging (16.4 T, 40-μm isotropic voxels) of a 3-mm-diameter core of formalin-fixed normal glandular prostate tissue. Colour indicates fibre direction. Despite high microscopic diffusion anisotropy, the heterogeneity of fibre directions would lead to a low estimate of fractional anisotropy in a typical voxel acquired in vivo. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2082.jpg | Is acrocyanosis present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4240816_Fig5_338468.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Conventional (a) and proposed (b) CE-PV MRA sequences acquired in a 48 year-old patient, referred to CMR for assessment of PV/LA anatomy prior to a pulmonary vein isolation procedure. Low contrast and poor image quality were obtained with the conventional CE-PV MRA sequence due to inaccurate acquisition timing. Improved PV sharpness and image quality were achieved using the proposed ECG-triggered CE-PV MRA sequence. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4429505_Fig3_385804.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunodetection of SDCs in oral cavity HNSCC primary lesions. Representative view of the SDC1 expression pattern, inversely correlating with the overall differentiation status of the tumour (a, displatyc tissue; b, c, well-differentiated; d, poorly differentiated), while being particularly abundant in the center of neoplastic nests (p) and in the stromal compartment (e-f). SDC2 was seen strongly associated with tumour vessels (g, n, o) and was the only PG to be widely expressed in the different degree of dysplastic tissue (h-j). SDC3 (k) and SDC4 (m) immunolocalized in the epithelial tumour cells, but not in the stromal compartment (l, SDC3; m, SDC4). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32281.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial CT showing fracture of alveolar bone in the lateral incisor and canine. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2746.jpg | Is muscle spotted fever, vasculitis? | no |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07644.jpg | What is shown in this image? | SD-OCT exhibits a flattened and reattached hole rim around the whole circumference of the previous macular hole. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1395.jpg | Is respiratory present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3109821_F0002_98162.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CT, PET and PET-CT images (L-R) showing the right suprarenal mass occupying right side of abdomen, pushing the liver superiorly and diffuse marrow metastasis (upper row). Transaxial CT, PET and PET-CT images in the same patient showing the presence of lung metastasis (lower row) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3819108_fig02_241312.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Expression of podocalyxin mRNA in developing pronephric glomerulus. podocalyxin mRNA is detected by in situ hybridization in the paired glomerular primordia at 24 and 34 hpf (arrowheads in A and B). Glomerular primordia fuse at the midline to form a glomerulus by 2 dpf, and podocalyxin expression continues in the glomerulus to 2 and 3 dpf (arrowheads in C and D). Asterisks indicate the notochord. Bar scale, 10 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1170.jpg | What is present? | respiratory |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4625152_f9_438601.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | X-ray absorbance (a) and x-ray scatter (b,c) images of HCC tumors in situ in mice. The dotted boxes in (b) are magnified in (c). All mice received an IV injection of 50 nm AuNPs; images were taken 18 h after IV injection of either Au-PEG-COOH (left) or Au-PEG-FB50 (middle and right). Tumors are identified by white outlines (a,b) and red arrows (c). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1em30832htfmeuwi.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68396.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Chest CTA with contrast sagittal view, showing air in the mediastinum between esophagus and left atrium (white arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1781526_F7_9022.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Qualitative co-localization of DNA and RNA through simultaneous imaging of RNA and DNA. Rat embryo fibroblasts were pulsed with 15N-uridine and BrdU as markers of newly synthesized RNA and DNA, respectively. (a,b) Parallel mass images at (a) 12C15N- and (b) 81Br-. (c) Overlay of 12C15N- and 81Br- images. 12C15N- is depicted as red (R) and 81Br- as green (G); the overlap between them shows up as yellow. (d) Overlay of 12C14N- and 12C15N- images. 12C14N- is depicted as red (R) and 12C15N- as green (G); the overlap between them shows up as yellow. Conditions of MIMS analysis: beam current 2pA; beam diameter 100 nm; field 20 × 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4546255_Fig1_416654.jpg | What is shown in this image? | HSC-T6 cell morphology when cultured on different ECM proteins. Cells were imaged 24 h post seeding at 400× magnification. Enhanced using the one step Photo Fix function on Jasc Paint Shop Pro V 9.00. a non-coated, b gelatin, c collagen I, d collagen IV, e fibronectin and f laminin |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2769349_fig-006_49376.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Intravenous urography (09 February 2006): Twenty minutes film showed bilateral hydronephrosis, mild hydroureter and calculus in lower pole of left kidney. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3560000_F2_182640.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Whole left ventricle T1 map, from base to apex, acquired during free breathing using 3D SASHA. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4334169_pgen.1005008.g004_360255.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Oligodendrocyte-like cells in DRG do not arise from boundary cap cells, Schwann cells or peripheral neurons.IHC was carried out with antibodies against GFP (A-D) or Olig2 (E-H) at E13.5 and E18.5 on transverse sections of embryos in which two copies of the TetSox10 transgene were activated by Krox20::Cre (A, E), Brn4::Cre (B, C, F, G), or Dhh::Cre (D, H) instead of Sox10::Cre. Contours of spinal cord and DRG are marked by stippled lines. Boundary cap cells are marked by arrows in A, Schwann cells by arrowheads in D. Size bar in A, valid for A-H: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2846883_F4_60750.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Tumor morphology in wild type (A) and AT2-KO mice (B) was studied after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor vessel density in wild-type (C) and AT2-KO mouse tumors (D) was studied after endothelial cell staining using vascular endothelial cell-specific anti-von Willebrand factor antibodies. Average tumor vasculature numbers in AT2-KO mouse tumors (8.3 ± 0.1/field) were significantly higher than in wild type tumors (2.1 ± 0.5/field, p < 0.05). VEGF expression in wild-type (E) and AT2-KO mouse tumors (F) was also studied after VEGF immunostaining using anti-VEGF antibodies. The original magnification of panels A and B is 200 × and panels C, D, E, and F is 400 ×. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48319.jpg | what plane is seen? | axial |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4617707_Fig2_436173.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Enhanced computed tomographic scans obtained after tumor recurrence around the right diaphragm and liver surface. a Recurrent tumor found before administering gemcitabine and docetaxel combination chemotherapy. b Bleeding in the abdominal cavity after administering gemcitabine and docetaxel combination chemotherapy. c Four weeks after starting medroxyprogesterone acetate and one week after starting leuprorelin acetate. d Before administering paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy and after administering medroxyprogesterone acetate, leuprorelin acetate, and anastrozole. e After administering 18 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin combination chemotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate, leuprorelin acetate, and anastrozole |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4575081_pone.0138573.g001_424861.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | An example of ROIs placing.A 67 years old man with a suspicious high grade glioma in right temporal lobe on T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI. ROI 2 and ROI 3 were placed in the tumor parenchyma and peritumoral area, respectively; ROI 4 was put in the contralateral normal hemisphere. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3637805_F3_201500.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Unenhanced CT scan (A) demonstrates a well-defined heterogeneous deep soft tissue mass containing scattered hypodense areas (thin arrows). Enhanced CTimages (B–C) display heterogeneous enhancement. MR T1W image (D) displays an isointense mass relative to adjacent muscle containing an area of relative lower intensity (white arrow) that has markedly high SI on T2W MR image (E) (black thick arrow). Heterogeneous enhancement is depicted on enhanced T1MR images (F–G). Central unenhanced areas (asterisks) on both CT and MRI exams were of low SI on MRT1W images and high SI on T2W MR image. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2918340_F0004_70942.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Higher magnification of the cyst wall (H and E, ×400) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4368093_pone.0120646.g009_369959.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The constitutive expression of GhWRKY68 increased ROS production and oxidative damage in transgenic plants.(A) Representative photographs of H2O2 accumulation using DAB staining. For drought and salinity treatments, the top figures show H2O2 accumulation, and the bottom figures illustrate the microscopic observations of the brown precipitate. (B) Phenotypes of young seedlings grown on medium containing 2 μM MV. (C) Quantification of cotyledon greening in the seedlings described in (B). The data represent the means ± SE of three independent experiments. The different letters above the columns in (C) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) according to Duncan’s multiple range test performed using SAS version 9.1 software. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4262387_Fig2_343321.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Pseudo-coloured images of cross-sections from tumors excised 24 h after end of treatment with BAY-87-2243 or carrier for 3, 5 or 7 days. Green: hypoxia, pimonidazole; blue: perfusion, Hoechst 33342; red: vascular endothelium, CD31; grey: necrotic areas. Scale bar: 500 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1461.jpg | Does this image show adrenal phaeochromocytoma? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2773929_pcbi-1000575-g008_50113.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Imaging of the ESCRT-III (CHMP2A-CHMP3) assembly.(A) Electron micrograph showing an ESCRT-III tubule terminating into a hemispherical end-cap structure. (B) The closed end of the tubule after image processing. (C) Extracted edge of the ESCRT-III end-cap. (D) Fit of the extracted edge into the image. (E) Fit of a circle into the edge profile. The methods and experimental details for (A)–(E) are presented in [34]. (F) Cross sections of CHMP2A-CHMP3 end-capped tubular structures observed by cryo-electron tomography (see Materials and Methods). The images reveal the CHMP2A-CHMP3 protein layer and also the position of MBP proteins fused to the N-terminus of CHMP2A. The scale bar corresponds to a distance of 40nm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2774148_fig01_50126.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (A) Osteonectin, chondrosarcoma grade III. (B) Osteonectin, chondromyxoid fibroma. (C) Bcl-2, chondrosarcoma grade II. (D) Cox-2, chordoma. (E) Actin, chondroblastoma. (F) Calponin, the single chondromyxoid fibroma with a ++ reaction. (G) Mdm-2, chordoma. (H) D2-40 (podoplanin), advancing edge of chordoma with soft tissue invasion. The only positivity is seen in compressed lymph vessels. (I) D2-40 (podoplanin), chondrosarcoma grade II. (J) YKL-40, chondrosarcoma grade II. (K) YKL-40, ESMC. Note staining of the contents in the blood vessel. (L) CD117, ESMC. All magnifications originally × 200. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic45585.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - t2 weighted |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3590301_pone-0057991-g003_190006.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Caspase-3 activation and actin cytoskeletal organization in melanoma A375 cells cultured in the presence of PFII.Cells were grown on glass coverslips in the presence of 65, 130, 260 µM or 1 µM staurosporine (STS). (A–E) Active caspase-3 was visualized with anti-active caspase-3 antibody followed by a FITC-conjugated secondary antibody (green). (F–J) Actin was visualized using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) after staining with Alexa Fluor 568 - conjugated phalloidin (red). Scale bar - 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3954305_fig2_273928.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography demonstrating subcutaneous emphysema in the cervical fascia |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4399152_Fig2_378596.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
The preoperative and postoperative coronary angiography images of the left anterior descending artery applied patch plasty technique without endarterectomy.
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