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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3305560_F1_130305.jpg
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Immunostaining of ascites cells of a patient with ovarian adenocarcinoma (#13). Images (400×) of the ascites cells (passage 3, cultured in medium B) from a patient with ovarian adenocarcinoma (#13), immunostained with antibodies against vimentin (mesenchymal cell marker, green) or cytokeratin 18 (epithelial cell marker, green). DAPI (blue) was used to localize nuclei. A representative phase-contrast image (100×) is also shown.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz9doxc086u60u1cjgd.jpg
What type of polyp is present?
Paris ip
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3003273_F2_81435.jpg
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In situ hybridization for DLX5 and DLX6 in MDA-MB-231 bone metastases. (A) A bone metastasis, visualized by radiography. (B and C) In-situ hybridization on sections of long bones containing MDA-MB-231 metastases showing high expression of DLX5 and DLX6. The signal was more intense at the invasion front (arrows). bn, cortical bone; met, metastasis.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3334900_pone-0035446-g005_134786.jpg
Provide a brief description of the given image.
Immunofluorescence analysis of fractalkine in the retina at different time points after exposure to light.(A) In the normal retina, fractalkine immunoreactivity showed a weak but widely distributed fluorescence. (B–F) At 6 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after light exposure, fractalkine staining increased in the photoreceptors.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4630966_Fig1_440163.jpg
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Effects of wblA disruption on the phenotype and morphological differentiation of S. ansochromogenes 7100. Observations on the phenotype of S. ansochromogenes 7100 and its derivatives from both sides of the plate (a, b), and the scanning electron micrographs of the mycelia and spores (c). (I): ΔwblA, (II): S. ansochromogenes 7100, (III): complemented strain by integrating a copy of wblA into the chromosome of ΔwblA, (IV): the control strain by integrating pSET152 vector into the chromosome of ΔwblA
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3866390_F15_252508.jpg
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Sonoelastography of endometrial lesion.Soft pattern on SEG helps to exclude the polyp.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2788446_F0002_52442.jpg
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Computed tomography (bone window) showing swelling of the left parotid gland and no evidence of bony injury
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4036050_f8-27_306_292272.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Electron micrographs of negatively stained cells of Bradyrhizobium sp. S23321. Black and white arrowheads indicate polar and lateral flagella, respectively. Bars represent 1 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3265477_pone-0030493-g004_123338.jpg
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Comparison of the histopathological features and FISH data of adjacent serial sections of a squamous cell carcinoma in the lung.(A) H&E staining image presenting the histopathological features of the lung cancer and the surrounding normal tissue. Magnification, ×20. (B) H&E staining (upper) and FISH image (lower) of a magnified area in (A). T, tumor tissue; NT, non-tumor tissue. Magnification, ×40. Scale bars, 20 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3915067_F1_264737.jpg
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a) Clinical picture of two perpendicular mini-plates in mandibular symphyseal fracture fixation; b) Orthopantomograph of another patient with symphyseal fracture treated by two perpendicular mini-plates.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4402478_fig4_379112.jpg
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Case  2. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the left shoulder at symptom onset (a, b) and at the first visit to our hospital (c). (a) T2-weighted MRI (oblique coronal plane) demonstrates joint effusion and a slightly collapsed humeral head. (b) Axial, T1-weighted MRI shows a subchondral serpiginous pattern of low signal intensity with associated bone marrow edema. (c) T2-weighted MRI (coronal view) demonstrates the collapse of the humeral head and an intact rotator cuff.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4493959_Fig4_403703.jpg
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3D ECG-gated cine image of a mouse heart at 156 μm isotropic resolution obtained before (at 7 T) and after injection of USPIO at 200 μmol Fe/kg (at 4.7, 7 and 9.4 T). Ten images per cardiac cycle were generated, the images at the end of diastole (left) and systole (right) are shown in two orientations (short axis: upper panels; long axis: lower panels). No respiratory gating was used
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4667267_f5_449578.jpg
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Overexpression of PuICE1 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in tomato.(A–C) Plant phenotype of tomato wild type (WT) and transgenic plants (TG8 and TG10) before and after cold treatment for 3 d at 4 °C, followed by recovery growth for 5 d at ambient environment. (D–F) Plant phenotype of tomato wild type (WT) and transgenic plants (TG8 and TG10) before and after cold treatment for 3 d at 2 °C, followed by recovery growth for 5 d at ambient environment.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990ak074yel11h7bn.jpg
Are there any abnormalities in the image?
Oesophagitis
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3970126_f5_277386.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Microplastics photographed before and after enzymatic and alkaline digestion.Alkaline hydrolysis resulted in structural damage to Nylon fibres, melding of polyethylene fragments and discoloration to uPVC granules. Magnification: polystyrene spheres x40; Nylon line x20; polyester fibre x63; polyethylene granules x200; uPVC powder x160.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2768433_fig5_49030.jpg
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Immunohistochemistry of VCAM-1, Snail and E-cadherin expressions under VCAM-1-positive SGC (signet-ring cell carcinoma) condition and VCAM-1-negative non-SGC condition (moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma). Histological examination was performed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Original maginification: × 200.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz4dork086uaoi03vs2.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Center, Upper-right, Lower-right, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3447652_F1_156370.jpg
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Thoracic CT scan: A CT scan using intravenous contrast shows an abscess ( allow head: △ ) around the left SCJ (A and B). The abscess is compartmental structure. The rim of the mass is slightly enhanced, but the center of the abscess is not enhanced. The abscess extends to the left sternocleidomastoid muscle (A) and retrosternal region (C).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2324199_pone-0002083-g002_20566.jpg
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2-D Page of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aa23 cells.(A) Identification of proteins unique to Wolbachia-infected Aa23 cells. Approximately 750 ug of protein extract from an Aa23 cell line stably infected with Wolbachia (I) and a parallel cell line cured of a Wolbachia infection (II) were analyzed. Proteins expressed only in the presence of a Wolbachia infection (ID #1–6) are identified. (B) Gel sections showing proteins selected for LC/MS/MS analysis.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1916.jpg
Does newborn cord around neck show normal breast?
no
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1931604_F2_12422.jpg
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VP22 enhanced microdystrophin gene expression and distribution in mdx mice. (A) The effect of VP22 was reflected in the level of microdystrophin expression in pAMICDYS (a) and pAVP22-MICDYS (b) injected the left TA muscles. Microdystrophin -positive fibers were detected in both groups, but the number of microdystrophin-positive fibers and the intensity of immunofluorescence were uniformly greater in pAVP22-MICDYS injected TA muscles. Magnification: × 100. (B) Immunostaining analysis microdystrophin expression in mdx mouse TA injected by pAMICDYS (c, f) or pAVP22 -MICDYS (b, e) at 2 weeks (b, c) and 16 weeks (e, f) after injection, the right TA injected by PBS (d). The TA of C57BL/10 (a). Magnification: × 200.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3627859_Fig5_198854.jpg
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Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings. Liver metastases were transformed into sharply circumscribed, non-enhanced homogeneous lesions 1 month after the start of imatinib therapy. CT conducted 3 months after the start of imatinib therapy showed that the response was still maintained. The upper panel shows a metastasis located in the anterior segment of the liver (S5). The lower panel shows a metastasis located in the posterior segment of the liver (S6)
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4395187_fig07_377650.jpg
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The expression of proteins involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation is more intense in PIN lesions and prostate tumour samples. Immunohistochemical expression of metabolic-related proteins in benign tissue (BT), PIN lesions (PIN), prostate tumour tissue (TT) and metastatic tissue (MT; 200× magnification). Images are shown with a magnification of 200×.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4491581_fig4_402977.jpg
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In situ zymographic analysis for MMP-9 activity in dorsal skin of TEA-treated mice against UVB-induced skin damage. (a) Images of gelatinoylysis/MMP-9 and (b) its higher magnification. Degradation of collagen by gelatinases was detected as fluorescence. TEA treatment significantly suppressed gelatinoylysis and MMP-9 expression in the dermal region. TEA, thread embedding acupuncture; MMP-9, matrix-metalloproteinase-9; UV, ultraviolet B. Scale bars = 200 μm (a) and 100 μm (b).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2949566_fig4_75142.jpg
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Fractional Anisotropy AnalysisShown in red are the left and right SPL loci that showed significant negative correlations between fractional anisotropy (FA) and percept duration, superimposed on the standard FMRIB58_FA (http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/data/FMRIB58_FA.html) FA image in a standard stereotactic space. A threshold of T > 2.00 was used for visualization purposes. See Table S3 for details of loci depicted.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2528061_fig2_27264.jpg
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Electron micrographs of Descemet's membrane of Wistar (a), (b), (c) and GK (d), (e), (f) rat corneas at 15 (a), (d), 33 (b), (e), and 62 (c), (f) weeks. Long-spacing collagen (arrowheads) accumulates with increasing age. Dm: Descemet's membrane; En: endothelium; S: stroma. Scale bar: 500 nm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4094710_fig4_305649.jpg
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Forty-five-year-old man, affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia, under chemical therapy, experiencing nausea and oral pain with consequent anorexia. T2-weighted axial (a) and FLAIR coronal (b) images showing bilateral hyperintense signal alteration at the level of the fronto-parietal cortex.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4454135_f2_392901.jpg
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The occlusion effects of the TA/Fe3+ complex on the dentinal tubules of the human tooth. Scanning electron microscopy images of (a1–a3) the uncoated tooth slices, (b1–b3) the TA/Fe3+-coated tooth slices, and (c1–c3) the TA only-coated tooth slices (dentin area). (a1,b1,c1) The top view images of a tooth slice before its immersion in the artificial saliva. (a2,b2,c2) The top view images after 7 days of immersion in the artificial saliva. (a3,b3,c3) The cross-sectional images of the tooth slice after 7 days of immersion in the artificial saliva. The inset in (c3) shows a lower magnification of the sample; most of the area is occluded with anisotropic hydroxyapatite minerals.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3857978_fig4696_250676.jpg
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MRI reveals extensive edema around the lesion and high signal intensities on T2WI with punctate low signal areas consistent with mineralization on T1WI.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4631946_F14_440490.jpg
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Three-energy micro-CT imaging in a mouse. Liposomal iodine was injected 72 h before imaging. Gold nanoparticles and low molecular weight gadolinium were injected immediately before imaging. Images were acquired at three energies, filtered, then separated into maps of iodine (red), gold (green), and gadolinium (blue) concentration.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1895.jpg
Is endometritis present?
yes
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24268.jpg
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CT chest (axial slices in lung window) demonstrating innumerable cysts scattered throughout all lung fields without basal/apical predilection or cardiophrenic sparing.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2680324_fig02_38236.jpg
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Phase-contrast images of hypha development of tetracycline-regulated conditional mutants after overnight growth on agar-slide cultures containing 1% (v/v) calf serum, under repressing conditions. vac1, vam2 and vam3 showed normal hyphal development. The vac7, vac8, fab1, ykt6 and vam9 mutants formed pseudohyphae under these conditions. The asterisk indicates yeast cells at the rear of the vam3 hypha. Scale bar represents 20 μm for all images.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3018956_F3_83809.jpg
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Computer tomography (without contrast) – massive intraperitoneal effusion (uroperitoneum by spontaneous vesical tear); near the urinary bladder an intestinal loops adheres to the lesion
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3973166_F4_278210.jpg
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Coronal (A) T2WI showed pituitary gland was shifted to the left side. Sagittal (B) TIWI demonstrated that de- creased signal intensity in sella bottom coincided with post- operative changes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4334169_pgen.1005008.g004_360261.jpg
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Oligodendrocyte-like cells in DRG do not arise from boundary cap cells, Schwann cells or peripheral neurons.IHC was carried out with antibodies against GFP (A-D) or Olig2 (E-H) at E13.5 and E18.5 on transverse sections of embryos in which two copies of the TetSox10 transgene were activated by Krox20::Cre (A, E), Brn4::Cre (B, C, F, G), or Dhh::Cre (D, H) instead of Sox10::Cre. Contours of spinal cord and DRG are marked by stippled lines. Boundary cap cells are marked by arrows in A, Schwann cells by arrowheads in D. Size bar in A, valid for A-H: 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4618332_fig8_436372.jpg
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Comparison of results of methods M 4D, M 3D, M 4DregAB, and M 4DregBA on a longitudinal CT volume pair. The time between scans A and B was 19 months, and the imaging protocol was quite different.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3102630_F2_96939.jpg
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The transfected 293T cells were expressing pEGFP and SR-PSOX proteins detected by confocal microscopy. 293T cells were transiently transfected with pEGFP-N3 empty vector or pEGFP-N3-SR-PSOX construct (wild-type SR-PSOX cloned into pEGFP-N3 vector) for 24 hours respectively. The fluorescence images of the cells were observed under confocal microscope after the cells were immunostained with APC-labeled rat anti-human SR-PSOX antibody. Top panel (vector), the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 empty vector alone. Bottom panel (wild type), the cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3-SR-PSOX construct.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3867880_fig1_252872.jpg
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Initial panoramic radiography: retention of the upper right second premolar and upper right canine with increased pericoronal space, vertical impaction, and root dilaceration; root resorption of primary teeth; opacity of the right maxillary sinus.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2937213_fig1_73378.jpg
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FMRI data from adult-acquired case P01 and developmental amnesia patient Jon. Both data sets were acquired on the same 1.5 T MRI scanner. (A) P01's right hippocampus was active during the incidental acquisition of facts (data from Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, et al., 2007 – Supplementary Material). (B) Jon's hippocampi were active during an autobiographical memory recall task (data from Maguire et al., 2001).
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3878405_F1_255756.jpg
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Immunohistochemical expression of CypA and MMP9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A, D Typical immunohistological features with high levels of CypA expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The CypA staining shown nuclear and cytoplasmic localization; B, E Typical immunohistological features with high levels of MMP9 in ESCC. The MMP9 staining was present in the cytoplasm of tumor cells; C, F Negative staining in ESCC. Magnifications: A-C × 200, D-F × 400.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2777160_F11_50768.jpg
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Colocalization of BVDV NS4B with replicase proteins NS5A and NS5B. BHK-21 cells were co-transfected with NS4B-GFP and NS5A-His or NS5B-HA. At 48 h p.t., the cells were processed for IF with either anti-His or anti-HA antibody (dilution 1/50). NS4B was detected via GFP fluorescence. Colocalization of NS4B-GFP (green) and NS5AHis (red) or NS5B-HA (red) results in yellow color. Bars = 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4602685_F1_432318.jpg
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Abdominal radiography presenting multiple air-fluid levels, intestinal loops dilated, and a whirlpool image in the inferior hemiabdomen.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2806399_F7_54867.jpg
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Ophthalmologic examination shows congestion of blood vessels.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3081307_pone-0018661-g004_93199.jpg
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Early skeletal formation in the stage 27 wing bud.(A–D) 3D pattern of cartilage formation in the stage 27. (A–C) Isosurface representations of OPT scans of stage 27 chick wing buds stained with alcian green and displayed in dorsal views (i) and in virtual sections (ii) with section positions marked by orange lines. (D) Median of scans A–C, indicated by white box. (E) Median pattern of cartilage (light grey) together with median Sox9 expression. (F) Median Sox9 expression together with Hoxd13 expression as dorsal view (i) and virtual section (ii) where all Sox9 expression is overlapped by Hoxd13 expression.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4265328_Fig9_344487.jpg
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Microscopic images of H&E-stained sections indicating inflammatory cells in silk sericin-releasing bacterial nanocellulose gel and the commercial available paper mask after subcutaneous implantation for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2898786_F3_68242.jpg
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shows the histology of the brain of a mouse with cerebral malaria and hearing impairment. The typical signs of leucocyte sequestration (a) and microhaemorrhages (b) are shown. (Hematoxilin Eosin staining; magnification 400 ×)
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2533.jpg
Is liver present?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4442267_fig2_389179.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Computed tomography of the chest showing bilateral proximal pulmonary emboli (white arrows).
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4436519_fig6_387675.jpg
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MSC labeling and the distribution of GFP-MSCs in the MI area. (a) MSCs were labeled with GFP; green fluorescence could be observed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of almost all MSCs under a laser scanning confocal microscope. (b) GFP-positive cells of the MSC group and the MSC + UM group were distributed in MI areas 2 days after transplantation. (c) Quantification of the number of GFP-positive cells in the MSC group and the MSC + UM group. The scale bars represent 75 μm. All values are expressed as the mean ± SD. ∗ P < 0.01 versus MSC group; n = 8.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07420.jpg
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Coronal MR image demonstrating left-sided hydroureteronephrosis.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q01ebf08326bac5728.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Upper-left, Center-left
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4381080_F5_373691.jpg
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Egr-1 and JunB genes are positioned at nuclear periphery and co-localize with the INM-targeted Cav-2 in response to insulin. The in situ localization of Egr-1 and JunB genes at the nuclear periphery was determined by FISH in Hirc-B cells treated with or without 100 nM insulin for 30 min. Representative images of single confocal sections of nuclei show the immunostained Cav-2 (green), FISH signal (red) and DAPI (blue). The arrows in the merge panel indicate the positive signals in the Alexa Fluor 594-labeled Egr-1 (A) and JunB (B) specific DNA probes. The images on the right show magnifications of the areas framed in the merge images. Scale bars, 20 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4385599_fig1_375024.jpg
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This is the dorsoposterior and oblique radiographs obtained at the emergency department. It reveals an oblique IP joint space of the left great toe, raising suspicion of a dislocation. As a true lateral radiograph was not obtained, the diagnosis was missed.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2708163_F2_41407.jpg
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Phenotypic analyses of AtLIG1 deficient plants. A) Comparison of wild-type and atlig1-RNAiA lines. B) WT and atlig1-RNAi plants photographed 6 weeks after germination. Adaxial leaf from WT (C) and atlig1-RNAi lines (D) Abaxial surface of WT (E) and atlig1-RNAi lines (F). Bar = 1 cm
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2858128_F1_62703.jpg
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a) Glomerulus characterized by irregular basement membrane thickening and mild proliferation of mesangial cells and minimal sclerosis (PAS, ×600); b) The small oral orifice of D. immitis, with the presence of aring and without lips; c) Rounded posterior extremity of an adultmale of D. immitis, with spicules markedly unequal, numerous caudal papillae (black arrows) and crest and striations in the ventral surface (white arrow); d) Microfilaria of D. immitis with a pointed anterior extremity and a straight tail. Many embryos of microfilariae (black square) were observed in the blood collected from the right ventricle of the heart.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4293665_f3_350438.jpg
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No skeletal abnormalities on X-ray image
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3527600_pone-0052699-g008_174531.jpg
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Enhanced intraretinal revascularizaiton into the ischemic retina in MMP-12 KO mice. A). Representative retinal fluorescein angiographic images demonstrating enhanced retinal re-vascularization in MMP-12 KO mice compared with WT OIR mice from P17 to P20 (3-5 mice in each group). B). Higher magnification images of retinal angiograph at P19. C). Quantification of avascular area in retinas from WT and MMP-12 KO mice with OIR at P17-P20. Results were expressed as mean ± SD, n = 4. MMP-12 KO mice had significantly smaller area of avascular retina when compared to WT mice (P<0.01).
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19257.jpg
what is most alarming about this mri?
stroke, ischemic infarction
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3712958_pone-0069193-g008_218200.jpg
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Podocyte loss is not attenuated in the kidneys of diabetic ApoE/GPx1 dKO mice after treatment with m-hydroxy ebselen.Podocyte number as counted by WIlms Tumor-1 (WT-1) positive nuclei (brown nuclei staining) per glomerulus was significantly reduced in the diabetic kidneys. Both ebselen (Eb) and m-hydroxy ebselen (ME) treatment did not prevent the loss of podocyte in diabetic dKO mice. **P<0.01 vs ND control. ND = non diabetic; ME = m-hydroxy ebselen; Diab = diabetic; Eb = ebselen; WT-1 = Wilms Tumour-1.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3329641_F5_134461.jpg
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L. interrogans burdens in various tissues of guinea pigs with abraded skin inoculation. Visualization of leptospires (brown particles and threads) in the dermis and subcutaneous (a), muscular layers (b and c), liver (d), hemorrhagic area of lungs (e), none hemorrhagic area of lungs (f), kidney (g) and retroperitoneum (h) of guinea pigs with leptospires inoculation on abraded skin. Black arrow indicates leptospires in the cytoplasm of phagocytes. Tissues were observed at 2 h p.i. (a), 24 h p.i. (b and c) and 144 h p.i. (d-h). Leptospires were stained by immunohistochemistry. (EnVision, magnification, × 400).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08177.jpg
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Technique demonstrating postoperative measurement taken after 6 months
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_xray-ribs/train_1270.jpg
What is present?
pneumothorax x-ray infant
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4348419_pone.0118415.g007_363695.jpg
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Dividing ocelloid of Erythropsidinium spp. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the dividing ocelloid were shown in cross section (A,B) and in longitudinal section (E).(A) The dividing ocelloid (framed in by blue line) is observed in one of the host cell. (B) Partial magnification of ocelloid image. (C, D, E) Dividing retinal body is observed under both light and electron microscopies. Bars: 10 μm (A, D), 5 μm (B), 20μm (C), 2μm (E).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22404.jpg
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Tracheal deviation and narrowing (transverse view). Also seen is the tracheostomy tube.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51344.jpg
what organ system is shown in this ct scan?
musculoskeletal
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3509046_pone-0050503-g008_169127.jpg
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The pkcA-ts mutant exhibited the defect in a polarity establishment when grown with an osmotic stabilizer at 42°C.Conidia from the A1149LA-1 strain (Wild-type), the pkcA-tsLA-1 strain (pkcA-ts) and the ΔbckALA-1 strain (ΔbckA) were incubated in YT medium supplemented with 0.6 M KCl for indicated times at 42°C. Arrowheads indicate the fluorescence of Lifeact-EGFP observed as filamentous structures in cytoplasm. Arrows indicate the fluorescence of Lifeact-EGFP observed as spots at the cortex of the tips of germ tube. Bar, 5 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3443227_pone-0045070-g001_154972.jpg
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Transmission electron microscopy of E. tarda strains.A: Electron micrographs of 10,000× magnification; B: Electron micrographs of 100,000× magnification to show flagella filaments.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3108502_fig9_97956.jpg
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Temporal lobe radiation necrosis: (a) Axial contrast-enhanced MR examination of the brain demonstrates a peripherally enhancing focus in the right temporal lobe. (b) Axial fast spin echo T2 sequence shows edema around the focus of radiation necrosis characterized by signal hyperintensity (arrow).
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2374879_pone-0002142-g005_22147.jpg
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Expression and localization of total Gsk-3β in lung tissues of donor and IPF patients.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on tissue sections of donor (a) or IPF lungs (b). Representative pictures with focus on the bronchial (upper panel) or alveolar epithelium (lower panel) are given. Stainings are representative of two independent experiments using at least three different donor or IPF lung tissues (magnification as indicated). Arrowhead indicates positive endothelial cells.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2223.jpg
Is soft tissue present?
no
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3676386_pone-0062806-g003_209841.jpg
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The 3D model of the jaw muscles of Alligator mississippiensis showing the relationship between the skull, muscles and branches of the trigeminal nerve.Left: with skull; Right: skull removed. A, Right lateral view; B, Left lateral view; C, Dorsal view; D, Ventral view; E, Rostral view; F, Caudal view.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4685085_fig5_454736.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of Bcl-xL, Bax, Caspase-3, Bad, PTEN, pAKT, and Western blot test on selected proteins (Caspase-3/cleaved, Bcl-XL, and Bax). Upper: immunohistochemical staining (×400). Left: Western blot. Groups: A: NS, B: 5-FU, C: 0.5 mg/kg, D: 1.0 mg/kg, and E: 1.5 mg/kg.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1ev30832c0f20yx7.jpg
How many findings are present?
1
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4490699_Fig4_402721.jpg
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EnSCs transplantation restores fertility in mice treated with chemotherapy. Reproductive outcomes were assessed over three successive mating rounds in different mouse groups. a Offspring obtained by mating after EnSCs transplantation into mice sterilized by chemotherapy compared with chemoablated group and untreated control. Note the stillbirth in a chemoablated mouse (Arrow). b Mean litter size per pregnant mouse for three litters in each group. Data represent means ± standard error. n = 10 per group. **P < 0.001. c Midline histological sections of ovaries removed after the mating rounds and stained with H&E. Scale bars = 100 μm
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3897989_F1_260153.jpg
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CT and MRI scan of the patient. Uncontract CT image (A), T1 weighted image (D) and T2 weighted image (E) displayed diffusive enlargement of the pancreas capsuled by an armorlike rim, significant dilation of intra- and extra-heptic bile duct and gallbladder, and atrophy of the right kidney. Contrast CT (B: arterial phase; C: venous phase) and MRI (F) revealed homogeneously enhanced pancreas and diffusive thickening of the gallbladder wall. Repeat MRI (G) after effective treatment showed remarkable reduction of the pancreas, gallbadder and bile ducts. Chest CT (H) showed a large patchy shadow in the right lower lobe. Repeat CT (I) after antibiotic treatment showed remarkable absorption of the lesion.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4388651_pone.0124801.g001_375763.jpg
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The micrographs show the laser capture of a—odontoblasts, b—pre-secretory ameloblasts and c—secretory ameloblasts.The left panel shows pre-capture and area to be captured while the right panel shows post-capture and the removal of target cells. Scale bar: 50 μm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22174.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
A papillary projection of the caudate lobe interpreted as a pancreatic tumor
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1459153_F4_5504.jpg
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Electron micrographs of normal and DSLD-affected tendon. A. A cross-section of normal tendon reveals that most collagen fibrils have fairly large diameters. B. A marked increase in small collagen fibrils was observed in cross-sections of DSLD-affected tendon.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3447331_marinedrugs-10-01631-f008_156326.jpg
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DNA fragmentation in trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi treated with (−)-elatol for 24 h. TUNEL (panels A–F) and PI (panels G–L) were analyzed by fluorescence microscope. Gray column is differential interference contrast (DIC) and black column is fluorescence; (A,B,G,H) Representative images of untreated cells; (C,D,I,J) Representative images of trypomastigotes treated with 1.5 µM (−)-elatol; (E,F,K,L) Representative images of trypomastigotes treated with 3.0 µM (−)-elatol. Arrows indicate DNA fragmentation (green) and condensation and margination of chromatin (red). Bars: 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3796735_Figure10_237696.jpg
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Figure 10. A, B: Bodian silver impregnations in a 12-week fetus, showing (A) nerve fibres emerging from a lumbar dorsal root ganglion, and (B) coarse axones of the dorsal columns on either side of the dorsal median septum of lumbar spinal cord, sectioned in the horizontal plane. C: Bielchowsky technique demonstrates dense aggregation of somatic neurofilaments (neurofibrillary tangles) in several neurones within a cortical tuber of a 3-year-old boy; another neurone appears normal without this condensation. Similar neuronal findings are observed in late gestational fetal brains with tuberous sclerosis. (C) × 400, original magnification.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0109.jpg
What show distinct nuclear inclusions?
infected cells
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2907396_pone-0011671-g001_69328.jpg
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Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of whole blood cells expression profiles from the 48 dengue-infected children.The clustering is based on the 2959 gene list (3515 clones, detailed in Table S2) discriminating dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) patients. Each row represents a single transcript and each column represents a patient's sample. Color scale indicates the range of gene expression: black indicates median expression level, red greater expression, green lower expression. The 2 patient subsets identified are indicated. PLxxx, code relative to one patient. Black star: DSS patient sampled 3 days after shock. Orange star: Patients who received perfusion of human plasma before collection of blood samples.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2071.jpg
What is present?
Infarcts
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3797296_f1-etm-06-04-1059_237842.jpg
Describe the image concisely.
Computed tomography (CT) scans of the patient’s neck revealed a well-defined mass below the thyroid gland on the border between the cervix and the thorax.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3002797_f2-scipharm.2010.78.345_81222.jpg
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Scanning electron image of CsA-nanosuspension CMM 5 at (A) 100X and (B) 400X magnification.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3922330_F5_266605.jpg
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Subdeltoid fluid and impingement before and after implants removal. A 31-year-old man who received hook plate fixation of a right distal clavicle fracture developed shoulder impingement syndrome. (A) Musculoskeletal sonography revealed subacromial/subdeltoid (SASD) bursitis with flowing fluid before implant removal (arrowhead). (B) Four weeks after implant removal, the same patient was reevaluated. Sonographic finding showed unobstructed passage of the humeral head into the acromion and disappearance of the flowing fluid. SSP, supraspinatus tendon.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3970345_fig1_277584.jpg
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CT scan of chest with Pleuropericardial effusion. CT scan showing large Pleuropericardial effusion.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic100312.jpg
in what plane is this x-ray?
lateral
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3628490_fig2_198966.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
CT images after myelography. An increased ADI was apparent without evidence of fracture at the attachment site of the transverse ligament.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2714086_F7_41885.jpg
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H&E stained histology images of injured SC on day 3: a) at lower magnification and b-d) at higher magnification within the selected square windows marked with numbers 1, 2 and 3 in panel a. The windows were selected based on the MRI-observed pathology in Figure 6. The 1st window was selected in an intact GM region, the 2nd window was selected in a significantly damaged region and the 3rd window was selected in a region with edema. Black arrows denote normal vessels and capillaries. Black arrow heads point to disrupted vasculature with damaged BSCB. White arrows point to vessels surrounded by cavities. Circle denotes clusters of extravasated red blood cells.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4224021_Fig9_334064.jpg
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TLR2 immunopositive cells in the hippocampal CA2 region of control subjects, iLBD cases and PD patients. (a) A control subject showing few TLR2 positive cells (arrow), (b) an iLBD case showing widespread and numerous TLR2 positive cells (arrow) and (c) a PD patient, showing again very few TLR2 positive cells (arrow), similar to controls, (a’-c’) represent higher magnifications of (a-c); bar (a-c) = 100 μm; (a’-c’) = 50 μm.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzedp2s086u23795hj6.jpg
Is there a green/black box artefact?
No
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4464888_pone.0129439.g009_395974.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Three-dimensional ear samples viewed in different angle (each row is collected from one ear).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4385856_F8_375148.jpg
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FOXM1 is essential for nuclear localization of β-CATENINCP1, CP2, and TX0.005 cells received control siRNA (siControl) or FOXM1 siRNA (siFOXM1) for 48 hours. Immunofluorescence staining of the nucleus, β-CATENIN, and FOXM1 in the three cell lines is shown. Representative fluorescence images were taken on a confocal microscope under excitation at 405 nm, 488 nm or 543 nm. Scale bars, 20 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4464652_pone.0127618.g003_395920.jpg
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Hinton diagrams of the face recognition outcomes for two visually-similar trained/untrained faces, respectively.The diagrams in the left column denote the retinotopic input, and those in the right column denote the generated outputs in the visual image layer. The upper half (a) shows the outcomes of the face recognition without prior verbalization of facial features whereas the lower half shows those after verbalization of facial features (b).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2694556_F2_39796.jpg
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Distribution of endogenous Postn protein expression in adult mouse hearts at base line (A), subjected to pressure overload for 8 weeks (B), or 2 weeks after myocardial infarction (C). A Postn specific antibody was used (green fluorescence) and a myocyte-specific contractile protein (red fluorescence). Panels B and C show abundant Postn protein accumulation in the extracellular space from the injury stimulus.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4076708_fig02_302370.jpg
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Inhibition of apoptosis in wing disks by dTSPO inactivation. (A) Wing disc apoptosis of male (upper) and female (lower) 3rd-instar larvae of wild type or tspo −/− flies irradiated with 30 Gray of γ-ray and TUNEL stained. (B) Quantification of apoptosis in (A) by measuring the area of the TUNEL positive pixels divided by total disk pixels, n = 3 to 10 wing disks quantified. (C) and (D) The same method but comparing control versus dTSPO dsRNA knockdown flies, n = 6–9. Bars report mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4387850_F1_375486.jpg
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A 20 year-old women (Patient #18) with large neurofibromas and vertebral body dysplasia. A) Sagittal T1 postcontrast MRI demonstrates neurofibromas (arrows). B) Axial T1 postcontrast MR shows the neurofibromas (large arrows) and suggests that a rotatory scoliosis exists. C, D) 3D volume rendered images shows the spinal dysplasia (arrows) and accompanying scoliosis. These images can be rotated and viewed form 360 degrees.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3533736_F4_175881.jpg
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Morphological changes in RAW264.7 macrophages. Photomicrographs (magnification: 1000x) of RAW264.7 cells after incubation with POVPC and PGPC in DMEM containing 0,1% FCS for 2 h. Control cells were incubated with 1% v/v EtOH. Signs of cellular damage are cell detachment, morphological changes and membrane vesicle formation.