image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1794.jpg | What does this image show? | pituitary |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3325988_pone-0035093-g003_133905.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Differentiation potential of GS-N cells.(A–C) Immunofluorescence staining showed GS-N cells expressed nestin, red (A), A2B5, red (B) and βIII-Tubulin, red and MAP2, green (C). (D–E) Following neuronal or astrocytic differentiation, GS-N cells expressed MAP2, green and NeuN, red (D) or GFAP (E), respectively. (F–K) Electrophysiological assessment of GS-N cell-derived neurons. Neurons in high density (F) fired spontaneous action potentials (APs), which were blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX) (G). The depolarization giving rise to the APs (H) was underpinned by an inward current (I). Sparsely growing neurons (J) did not display spontaneous activity but APs could be evoked by depolarising current steps (K). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3738491_ppat-1003546-g003_223867.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Further PNEPs encoded by genes at the msp7 gene locus.(A) Fluorescence pattern of PF13_0192-GFP. (B) Co-localisation IFA of PF13_0192-GFP with SBP1. (C) Fluorescence pattern of PF13_0191-GFP. Two panels are shown to demonstrate cells with (yellow arrows) and without additional foci of fluorescence in the host cell (ratio indicated in %, at least 50 cells were analysed on 3 occasions, standard deviation in brackets). (D) Bodipy-TR-C5-ceramide (Bodipy) stained parasites expressing PF13_0191-GFP. Protein structure in A and C indicated as in Figure 1. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Size bars: 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3088712_pone-0019727-g005_94652.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | β-actin and poly A+ mRNA interactions with PBs.Dcp1α-stained PBs (blue) interact with β-actin (A and B) and poly
A+ (C and D) mRNA granules (red) in untreated U2OS cells and in the
presence of sodium arsenite as demonstrated by insets displaying
magnification of boxed areas. β-actin mRNA in insets was contrast
enhanced to allow visualization of granules. The arrow in panel D
indicates a SG-localized mRNA interacting with one PB. Dashed lines
indicate the position of nuclei. Scale bars, 10 µm and inset scale
bars, 2.5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3212974_f1-mjhid-3-1-e2011042_115124.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Spine MRI with Gadolinium. The lesion of the conus medullaris involving the proximal portion of cauda equina nerve roots (a), was hyper-intense on T2-weighted images (b) and showed marked contrast-enhancement (c). Histological examination of the conus medullaris biopsy (d) (Hematoxiline eosin staining). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3929506_pone-0088874-g001_268143.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | 4×microscopic view(A) shows the over fluent state of ADSCs sheets.10×microscopic view(B) shows there is no space between the ADSCs of the sheets. 20×microscopic view(C) shows the shape of the ADSCs of the sheets are similar to separate ADSCs(D). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1845149_F1_10229.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | a) Original TRUS Image1, b) Manually Segmented, c)Second Eigenvector. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54544.jpg | what is the modality of this image? | nm - nuclear medicine |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05666.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Healed fracture and osteomyelitis at the 18th month of treatment. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1563.jpg | Is coronary artery present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3690066_f1-sensors-13-06477_213089.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | CASE 1. Preoperative CT scans. The visualization of the hematoma by transparency facilitates the spatial perception of the surgeon. In this particular case, the patient had an epidural hematoma beneath the superior sagittal sinus with a bilateral extension. The measured diameter is 7 cm (see also VIDEO 1). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54236.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | developmental venous anomaly |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvi90qo074y7gm90dfq.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4197402_fig1s1_327972.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Assessment of additional Nrp1 variants containing mutations in the VEGF-binding site.AP-SEMA3A or AP-VEGF was applied to COS-1 cells overexpressing the indicated construct (top and middle row). Non-permeabilized antibody staining was performed with a polyclonal anti-NRP1 antibody to detect NRP1 surface expression (bottom row). Scale bar: 50 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03720.004 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4617697_fig6_436129.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | The fusion results of different fusion methods for the second set of CT and MRI images: (a), (b) Source images; fused images by (c) DWT, (d) GP, (e) PCA, (f) GF, (g) CT, (h) NSCT-1, (i) NSCT-2, and (j) the proposed method. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3877151_pone-0083990-g007_255283.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Subcellular localization of OsNRAMP3 protein.Subcellular localization of OsNRAMP3 protein was determined in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The confocal images were acquired using a confocal laser scanning microscope (TCS SP2; Leica). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4515745_f1_409595.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The projection images of the livers.Images are obtained from (a) group A, (b) group B, and (c) group C, and they characterize a normal, mild and severe liver fibrosis sample, respectively. The red arrows indicate the bile ducts accompanying the portal veins in (b) and (c). In (c), the ductular proliferation is shown within the yellow rectangular region. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4434906_f1_387193.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | The crystalline silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure as seen by scanning
electron microscope.(a) Front view. (b) Same as (a), top view; The direction of the ptychography
translation (black arrow) and the
scanning step are indicated. The
projected direction of propagation of the incident beam (white arrow)
together with the beam footprint (FWHM of intensity, dotted ellipse) are
shown. The gray ellipse corresponds to the beam footprint at the next
beam-to-sample position. The (
orthogonal laboratory frame is given. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2830469_pone-0009439-g005_58185.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Mitochondria (M) attached to endoplasmic reticulum (a).Part (b), a higher magnification of the inset of panel (a), shows the contact site (arrow heads) between mitochondria (M) and an endoplasmic reticulum profile. Bars: a, 500 nm and b, 100 nm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3661502_pone-0064503-g002_206181.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Optimization of culture conditions to maintain ESC-like morphology of E-PZ-iPS-like cells.Colonies lost ESC-like morphology in mTeSR-1 medium on feeder layers (A); however, they maintained ESC-like morphology in DMEM/F12 (1∶1) supplemented with 5 ng/ml bFGF, 10 ng/ml LIF and 5% knock out FBS on feeder layers (B) or Matrigel-coated plates (C). E-PZ-iPS-like cells formed spheres when cultured on ultra-low attachment plates in DMEM/F12 (1∶1) supplemented with 5 ng/ml bFGF, 10 ng/ml LIF and 5% knock out FBS (D). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_uterus/train_1872.jpg | Where does this belong to? | female reproductive system |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4471247_fig1_397740.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Results of ALE analysis on fMRI studies of meditation. The ALE map shows brain areas activated during meditation, encompassing bilaterally the caudate nuclei and insula, precuneus, middle and superior temporal gyrus, and precentral gyrus in the left hemisphere (LH) and the anterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and middle occipital gyrus in the right hemisphere (RH). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1912.jpg | Is an opened peritoneal cavity cause by fibrous band strangulation a quite excellent example of pagets disease? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2754338_pone-0007315-g012_47087.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunohistochemical staining for adenocarcinoma (Reck, Cdh5, S100A14).(a) Immunohistochemical staining of control lung tissue, (b) lung cancer at 10× magnification and (c) at 40× magnification (d) lung cancer in the presence of primary antibody, after preincubation with blocking peptide and (e) positive control. 7 = reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck), 8 = cadherine 5 (Cdh5) and 9 = S100 calcium binding protein A14 (S100A14). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4222226_F5_333360.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Patient P4 (epilepsy secondary to porencephalic cyst, female, 25 years old). (A,C) 3D images, (B,D) stereoscopic (anaglyph) 3D of pial surface. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2990107_fig2_79443.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Immunohistochemical labelling of submandibular glands. Images demonstrate staining in absence of antibody (a; control); staining in the presence of muscarinic M1 (b), M2 (c), M3 (d), M4 (e), and M5 (f) receptor antibodies. Bar in panels indicates 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2842968_fig8_59986.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | (a) OPT (6 years and 4 months) showing agenesis of upper molars in patient 4. (b) OPT (18 years) showing taurodontism of upper and lower molars and paraplasia on the distal aspect of the right upper third molar in patient 4. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1929103_F8_12373.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Response to anti-oestrogen therapy. (a) Tumour cells were recovered from a mouse, then grown in the presence of oestradiol (E) or fulvestrant (F). (b,c) Mammary glands of mice that received an oestrogen pellet before injection of the tumour cells, followed by either no additional treatment (b) or weekly subcutaneous injections of fulvestrant to block oestrogen signalling (c). Upper panels, normal light; lower panels, cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) fluorescence. Only the human mammary epithelial cells were infected with the CFP-expressing virus in this experiment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4045738_F1_294629.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Example LGE images from two patients showing the three LV short axis slices (Basal +30 mm, Mid 0 mm, Apical -30 mm) used for SNR and CNR measurements. The left column shows standard 2D Cartesian images and the right column shows matched slices from the 3D spiral acquisitions. In both patients, image quality of 2D Cartesian and 3D spiral acquisitions are comparable over the LV. ROI for SNR and CNR measurements were drawn on the relevant 2D slices and transferred to the respective 3D spiral images. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4465663_fig3_396145.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Scanning electron microscope micrographs of the CSH and Mg/CSH composite specimens after soaking in simulated body fluid for different time. CSH (a), 10% Mg/CSH (b) and 20% Mg/CSH (c) for after 2 days. CSH (d), 10% Mg/CSH (e) and 20% Mg/CSH (f) for after 4 days. CSH (g), 10% Mg/CSH (h) and 20% Mg/CSH (i) for after 7 days. CSH (j), 10% Mg/CSH (k) and 20% Mg/CSH (l) for after 10 days. CSH (m), 10% Mg/CSH (n) and 20% Mg/CSH (o) for after 14 days. CSH (p), 10% Mg/CSH (q) and 20% Mg/CSH (r) for after 21 days. Magnification: ×500. Scale bar: 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4630387_fig3_440062.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Significant changes in diffusion indices with theacupuncture treatment effect. (a) Regions of enhanced FA in stroke patients with acupuncture treatment. (b–d) Regions of reduced AD, MD, and RD in stroke patients with acupuncture treatment. Shown are cluster in the body of CC, CST, ILF, IFOF, forceps minor, cingulate gyrus, and anterior thalamic radiation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4129173_fig1_312874.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | (a) Longitudinal view: an empty uterus superiorly and pelvic kidney inferiorly (double arrow), free fluid in the cul-de-sac (single arrow). (b) Longitudinal view: an empty uterus superiorly and pelvic kidney inferiorly (double arrow), free fluid in the cul-de-sac (single arrow). (c) Longitudinal view: ectopically located pelvic kidney with color Doppler (single arrow). (d) Transverse view: hypoechoic cystic structure with vascular flow in the left adnexa depicting a tubal pregnancy (single arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2584774_f3_30342.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | rAAV-GFP transduction of rabbit corneas. Upper row, rAAV-GFP5; strong signal is seen in the epithelium (e), stromal cells (s), and endothelium (en). Epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells are positive for GFP after rAAV treatment. Lower row, untreated rabbit corneas as a negative control showing background fluorescence. DM indicates Descemet’s membrane. GFP was visualized using confocal microscopy and alkaline phosphatase fluorescent detection system. Bar=20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3296633_F1_128757.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Chest X-ray images. (A) Large pleural effusion in his right lung field found on the first admission. (B) Large pleural effusion in his right lung field on the second admission. (C) Pleural effusion in his right lung field on the current admission, two weeks after the last previous thoracocentesis. (D) Clear chest X-ray six months after the discontinuation of isoniazid. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1184092_F26_2712.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A syncytial cluster of epithelioid cells with carrot-shaped nuclei seen in FNA of a subacute thyroiditis (Diff-Quik stain, × 400). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3487510_s2figure4_163370.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A: Clinical photograph after post cementation. B: Gingivectomy of maxillary left central incisor. C: Clinical photograph after metal-free ceramic crown cementation. D: radiograph after six months showing complete healing of periapical lesion. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3025835_F5_85259.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | X-rays showing pelvic diastasis disruption reduced to fifteen millimeters. CT showing the right sacroiliac joint was not widened but associated with sclerosis consistent with sacroiliitis. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4379601_Fig6_373362.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. |
Primary cultures of Prominin-1+ cells. A) Contrast phase microscopy of Prominin-1+ cultured cells after 7 days. B) Immunofluorescence for ZO-1 in Prominin-1+ cultured cells. ZO-1 is expressed in the Prominin-1+ cultured cells, with a cytoplasmic pattern, enhanced at intercellular junctions (arrowheads). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_0260.jpg | Does a diagnostic, binucleate reed-sternberg cell show markedly dilated bronchi filled with purulent mucus that extend to subpleural regions? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4409316_pone.0122042.g003_380759.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histological examination of healing tissue—Day 3: all groups in inflammatory phase of tissue repair (A, B, C), with a crust over the ulcer and an intense inflammatory infiltrate (*); Day 8: wounds in proliferative phase with granulation tissue (D, E, F); Some samples in FDG exhibited acute inflammatory infiltrate at this time (*).hematoxilyn & eosin staining; original magnification: 200 x |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4694837_F5_457241.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | SLC22A18 inhibits KRAS-induced anchorage independent growth of NIH3T3 cellsCells were infected with indicated viruses or combination of viruses. Cells were allowed to grow on soft agar for 21 days and then stained and counted. Representative images are shown. The number and size of anchorage independent colonies seen with the infection of KRAS-encoding virus both decreased when super-infected with SLC22A18-encoding virus. Upper panels are higher magnification views. B. Results from soft agar assay are quantitated. Bars represent the average number of colonies, and error bars represent S.D. of three independent experiments. (*) represents P-value of < 0.05. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3733904_f5_222530.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Comparison of neovascularization in control and neuroprotectin D1-treated eyes. Choroidal neovascular lesions from control and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1)-treated eyes of the same animal were visualized using isolectin B4
Griffonia simplicifolia (red) and CD11b (green). Control lesions demonstrate extensive ramification of both vascular endothelia (red) and monocytes (green). Neovasculature is drastically attenuated in NPD1-treated lesions. Quantitation of the lesion areas revealed a 56% reduction in neovascularization due to topical application of NPD1. For Control, n=26; for NPD1, n=24; for total observations, n=50; and degrees of freedom =48. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3305759_F1_130385.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 3D flow visualization in the four different models (A - D) during systole and diastole. Note the different systolic and diastolic filling patterns of the supra-aortic vessels for the different connections and maintained diastolic forward flow during LVAD support (B-D) compared to the aorta (A) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2567305_F1_28835.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | December 2004: Contrast-enhanced axial (A, B), sagittal (C), and coronal (D) T1-weighted MR-images of the brain and sagittal T1- and T2-weighted MR-images (E, F) of the spine showing multiple intracranial metastatic nodules and extensive spinal involvement. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3691197_pone-0067521-g001_213383.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Identifying homologous points.The six homologous landmarks on the perineal swelling of a female Barbary macaque. In addition to the primary landmarks used for transformation parameter estimation, a number of secondary landmarks were also digitized for use in volume estimation. These might include scar or wrinkle termini or even dirt or trash affixed to the surface of the swelling. The only requirement of these landmarks is that they are visible and positionally stable in multiple views of the individual at the time the images are recorded. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4485466_pone.0130185.g002_400935.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A 28-year-old man with lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis underwent anterior debridement, decompression combined with posterior plate fixation.(A,B)Pretreatment MRI shown destruction of the L4–S1 vertebrae and paravertebral abscess with concomitant compression of the spinal cord.(C) Immediate postoperative radiographs demonstrating anterolateral debridement, bone graft and internal fixation. (D,E) At 22 months’ follow-up, plain X-ray showed maintenance of the correction and solid fusion. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3600204_fig1_192667.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | CT scan of the neck and mediastinum which revealed a mass originating from the thyroid gland, invading and severely obstructing the lumen of the trachea. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4646434_pone.0143076.g008_444003.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Representative PET images of mice bearing CTOS C45 xenografts.Serial PET images of mice bearing C45 xenograft (white arrow) injected with [89Zr]Mab#58 (upper panels) or similarly 89Zr-labeled control IgG. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3936989_F1_270052.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Disease extent for patients having local-regional failures. A, In-field failure. B, Marginal failure. C, Outside-field failure. Left, Pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI/CT). Middle, The recurrent tumor volumes were transferred from the diagnostic MRI/CT at the time of recurrence to the planning computed tomography to show doses delivered to the recurrence sites. Right, MRI/CT at time of failure. IMRT = intensity-modulated radiotherapy. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1fez0832frjo31n1.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3826807_figure3_242683.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI: 25-mm cervical lesion with no infiltration into the parametria. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4208585_fig1_330260.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sagittal T1 MRI of brain without contrast shows area of hyperintensity within the sella and suprasellar regions (red arrow). This likely represents pituitary apoplexy within the known macroadenoma. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3174130_F2_108711.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | MRI examination performed three months following the initial symptoms. (A) Oblique coronal T2-weighted/turbo spin echo fat suppression image of the left shoulder. The long arrow indicates diffuse high signal intensity within the supraspinatus muscle, suggesting denervation changes. The short arrow indicates the suprascapular notch free of pathology. (B) Axial T2-weighted/turbo spin echo fat suppression image of the left shoulder. The long arrow indicates diffuse high signal intensity within the infraspinatus muscle, which suggests denervation changes. The arrowhead indicates the adjacent signal from the deltoid muscle, which appears normal. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_32862.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of the cranium shows a linear fracture of the left occipital condyle without distortion or displacement of the bone. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4142790_F2_315318.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Autophagy in the hippocampal neurons of the Zürich I
Prnp-deficient mice. (A–C) The vacuoles (asterisks) were bounded by single and double (arrows) membranes and contained amorphic cytoplasmic residues. The images in (A’–C’) were taken at a higher magnification compared to the solid line boxes in (A–C). (D–F) LC3B immunogold particles (arrows) were localized on the membrane (dotted lines) and lumens of vacuoles in the degenerated hippocampal neurons, which were undergoing autophagy. Scale bars, 2 μm for (A–C); 500 nm for (A’–C’); 200 nm for (D–F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4551859_F6_418214.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | No AnnexinV-Cy5 colocalization with midbody markers in MKLP1-GFP HeLa cells. (A,B) MKLP1-GFP HeLa cells were incubated with AnnexinV-Cy5 for 10 min in culture medium. Images were obtained as z-stacks every 0.38-μm and are maximum intensity projections. Shown are individual channels and merge for MKLP1-GFP (green), AnnexinV-Cy5 (red), immunofluorescence for α-tubulin (blue), and DAPI staining (white). Scale bars, 10 μm. (A) Example for monolateral midbody. White arrow heads indicate the MKLP1-GFP positive midbody. (B) Example for bilateral midbody. Inset, magnification of boxed region in merged channel. Scale bar, 1 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4694894_F5_457300.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Cellular uptake observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)a. Internalization and subcellular localization of dendriplexes (N/P 20:1) and h-R3-dendriplexes (N/P 20:1, h-R3/DNA 1:1) in HepG2 cells. (green: LysoTracker Green used to label late endosomes and lysosomes; red: Cy5-labled PAMAM; yellow: colocalization). Scale bars = 5 μm. b. Intracellular localization of dendriplexes (N/P 20:1) and h-R3-dendriplexes (N/P 20:1, h-R3/DNA 1:1) in HepG2 cells. (red: Cy5-labled PAMAM; blue: Hoechst33342 stained cell nuclei; pink: colocalization). Scale bars = 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3570377_F2_185252.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Histological assessment of liver fibrosis in CCl4-treated rats and the effects of the combination of melatonin and folic acid on collagen deposition. The extent of matrix deposition (arrow) was measured by Masson’s trichrome staining of liver tissue sections from control animals (A: 400x), CCl4-treated rats (black arrow: collagen of the very dilated central vein; red arrow: the interlobular collagen deposition) (B: 200x), CCl4-treated rats to show the inflammatory cells (C: 400x) and the rats receiving melatonin and folic acid (black arrow: collagen of the central vein) (D: 400x). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4415935_pone.0125489.g002_382345.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Photomicrograph of cresyl-violet stained coronal brain sections at the level of the BA showing both the lesion caused by the infusion of quinolinic acid after the end of the behavioral testing and the infusion-cannula track on the right hemisphere.Lateral nucleus (LA), posterior basal nucleus (BAp) and central nucleus (CE). Magnification: 40 times. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4273550_fig1_345945.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | 3D SPGR FS, FOV 5 cm. Axial sections at the posteromedial aspect of the tibia, above the medial malleolus. The tibial nerve is visualized (large arrow) with the typical fascicular pattern. The neurovascular bundle is seen at the posteromedial aspect of the tibia. Sequential images at high resolution demonstrate the medial calcaneal nerve dividing into anterior and posterior branches, providing sensory innervation to the plantar aspect of the heel (small arrows). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4105146_F1_307515.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Subcellular localization of GmPIP1;6. (A) Green fluorescence image of an epidermal cell expressing the pCAMBIA1302 that sGFP was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. (B) Bright-field light image of an epidermal cell expressing the pCAMBIA1302. (C) Green fluorescence image of an epidermal cell expressing the GmPIP1;6:sGFP fusion protein. (D) Red fluorescence image of an epidermal cell expressing the CD3-1007 marker. (E) Merged fluorescence image of an epidermal cell expressing the GmPIP1;6:sGFP fusion protein and CD3-1007 marker. (F) Bright-field light image of an epidermal cell expressing the GmPIP1;6:sGFP fusion protein and CD3-1007 marker. Bars = 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01664.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Abnormal red color flow across the patent foramen ovale consistent with left to right shunting seen in HLHS |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3547696_F1_179690.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (1a) Computed tomography of the thyroid tumor. (1b) Microscopic examination of the thyroid revealed that the tumor is comprised of scattered large atypical cells embedded in a background of histiocytes and small lymphocytes (hematoxylin and eosin staining). (1c,1d) The scattered atypical cells were positive for CD20 (1c) and CD79a (1d). (1e) Small lymphocytes represent CD3-positive T-cells. (1f) Substantial numbers of CD68-positive histiocytes are also intermingled. (1g) Gallium scintigraphy showed increased gallium uptake in the thyroid exclusively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2842264_F2_59837.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Sagittal MR images and lateral radiograph of the left knee at 2 years and 7 months of age, prior to introduction of anakinra. (A: MRI T1-weighted, B: MRI T2-weighted, C MRI T1-weighted with fat suppression and gadolinium-enhancement, D radiograph): T1- and T2-weighted MR images show widening of the growth plate (arrow 1), and a gadolinium-enhanced MR image shows mottled enhancement at the chondroosseous junction (arrow 2). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2803447_F3_53996.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Apoptosis analysis of BI-TK/GCV treated rat bladder cancer. The TUNEL assay was carried out as described in Methods. Cells with positive staining were randomly counted in 10 high-power fields and the apoptosis index was calculated (mean SD). (A) Normal saline group (6.88 ± 1.40), (B) Bifutobacterium infantis with empty plasmid group (16.01 ± 3.48), and (C) Bifutobacterium infantis-PGEX-TK group (41.72 ± 4.27). There is statistically significant difference between each groups (p < 0.05). Representative samples are shown. Magnification, 100×. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_80085.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Coronary angiogram following sequential balloon angioplasty and percutaneous coronary intervention of distal left anterior descending coronary artery |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4404065_Fig8_379436.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Example of subchondral bone cysts at 6 month after surgery obtained using μMRI at 9.4 T. Subchondral bone cysts (+) that are located in the subarticular spongiosa were commonly observed after marrow stimulation. Asterisks (*) indicate extend of the cartilage defect. Axial (a); coronal (b) and sagittal plane (c); SGE sequence, isotropic voxel size 120 μm3. Scale bar = 4 mm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3559584_pone-0055426-g008_182423.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Targeting of STAT61–459-GFP to mitochondria in Hep3B cells.Panels A and B. Hep3B cells in 35–mm plates were transfected with expression constructs for either the full-length or the 1-459 truncated version of STAT6-GFP. Two days later the plates were either fixed and immunostained for F1-ATPase (Panel A) or exposed to MitoTracker Red CMXRos at 100 nM for 15 min Panel B) and imaged as indicated in Materials and Methods. Scale bars = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4672346_f1_451385.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Strip interacts with microtubule.(a) Drosophila S2 cells plated on a concanavalin-A coated cover slip were immunostained with anti-Strip (green) and anti-α-tubulin (magenta) antibodies. Scale bar is 7.5 μm. (b) S2 cells were treated with the extraction method for clear observation of microtubules. S2 cells are immunostained with anti-Strip (green) and anti-α-tubulin (magenta) antibodies. Dotted rectangle area is enlarged in the right panels. Scale bar is 7.5 μm. (c) S2 cell extract was incubated with in vitro-polymerized microtubules or buffer only and pelleted by centrifugation. The pellet was denatured and subjected to western blotting using anti-Strip and anti-α-tubulin antibodies. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4502453_f0020_406075.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Colony growth following highthroughput robotic pinning demonstrates budding and hyphal morphologies of Z. tritici. Displayed are images of technically duplicated spots of the Z. tritici Δku70 strain HLS1000 following 6, 12 and 16 days growth at 18° on ZTSC medium. Approximately 1000 cells in a volume of 2 μl were pinned onto agar. Colonies consisted of a budding mucoid morphology surrounded by hyphae at the periphery. Images were captured using a Leica M205FA stereo microscope. Scale bars are 1 mm length. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4148739_F5_316481.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Radiograph after cementation of post |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00769.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computed tomography of the coronal view demonstrating the blockage of the ostiomeatal complex. A medial mass lesion at the lacrimal sac is noted. A bony osteium in the lacrimal bone is apparent from the first initial external dacryocystorhinostomy providing patency into the nasolacrimal duct. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4652426_Fig1_445836.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
a Histological and genetic characteristics of bone marrow infiltrating cells. Top left Infiltration of the bone marrow by medium to large atypical cells (×40), right top corner (×100); top right Gelelectrophoresis of PAX/FKHR RT-PCR including positive and negative controls for PAX7- und PAX3-FKHR fusions in two dilutions (neat and 1:50), below results of Sanger sequencing; bottom panel the atypical cells express desmin, CD56 and MyF4. b
Left panel Whole body positron emission tomography (PET-CT); top right panel PET-CT indicating one single increased uptake in the right thyroid gland revealing follicular neoplasia; bottom right panel haemangioma in the 9th thoracic vertebrae |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4138390_Fig1_314267.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. |
Computed tomography scan before preoperative sunitinib therapy. The level of tumor thrombus was evaluated as IV according to Novic’s classification. The red circle indicates the tumor thrombus. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3857191_pone-0081284-g001_250363.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | 83-year-old patient with choroidal melanoma infiltrating the retrobulbar fat.A – Sonography: dome-shaped tumor of low reflectivity with a highly reflective surface. No information on extraocular tumor extension. B – H&E stain, 2× magnification: infiltration of the retrobulbar fat as demonstrated by MRM (arrow). C – Sagittal T2w image also demonstrates infiltration of the retrobulbar fat (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49547.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray showing broken implant in radius, loosened implant in ulna. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC509411_pbio-0020299-g001_271.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Emerging leaf tips (yellow arrow) and hypocotyl (orange arrows) of an Arabidopsis mutant |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3881919_f1-ol-07-02-0458_256704.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | CT revealing a mass (arrow) occupying almost the entire nasopharyngeal space. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4617699_fig5_436166.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Microscopic observation in LSCM of fibronectin (Alexa Fluor 488, conventional green color) of PA42-C4 grown on PCL film (a) and on PS (b). Nuclei counterstained with propidium iodide (conventional blue color). Objective 20x. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3424156_pone-0043372-g002_151279.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Runx2 haploinsufficiency ameliorates the development of OPLL.A–C, Histological (A and B) and immunohistochemical (C) analyses of the cruciform ligament at the atlanto-occipital area in Enpp1ttw/ttw mice at 8 weeks (A and B) or 4 weeks (C) of age with (right) or without (left) Runx2 haploinsufficiency. (A: H&E staining; B: von Kossa staining.) Note a decrease in calcified region (B) and Runx2 immunoreactivity (C) in ENPP1ttw/ttw/Runx2+/− mice. Bottom panels are higher magnification images.(A and C). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4498918_pone.0131943.g006_405205.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Time lapse of (δ:GFP)2 or (δD60A:GFP)2 at unbalanced levels in the presence of ω2 or ω2ΔN19.Cells had the P
lac δ:gfp (A and B) or P
lac δD60A:gfp (C and D) genes integrated into the B. subtilis chromosome, and plasmid-borne P
ω ω (pCB586) (A and C) or P
ω ωΔN19 gene (pCB742) (B and D). Images of the same cells with GFP fluorescence from (δ:GFP)2 or (δD60A:GFP)2 are shown for the indicated times. Scale bar is 1 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2775954_pone-0007932-g004_50500.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | CRX is a sensitive marker for retinoblastoma.Human enucleation specimen with retinoblastoma (rb) abutting and infiltrating a portion of optic nerve (A, opt), immunohistochemical staining for CRX demonstrates robust expression in the nuclei of most all tumor cells and an absence of CRX expression in cells of the optic nerve (B). 100x original magnification. A higher magnification view of human retinoblastoma demonstrating distinct Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes (C, D arrows) also reveals strong expression of CRX in tumor nuclei particularly in rosettes (D). Original magnification 400x. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2913988_F3_70449.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative Detail of MMP and TIMP protein immunodetection in Siberian hamsters. Ovarian immunohistochemical staining (dark red stain on purple/blue hematoxylin background). (A) MMP-2 immunostaining, diestrus I detail, (B) MMP-9 immunostaining, diestrus I detail, (C) MMP-14 immunostaining, estrus detail, (D) TIMP-1 immunostaining, estrus detail, (E) TIMP-2 immunostaining, estrus detail showing mostly cytoplasmic staining, and (F) TIMP-2 immunostaining, proestrus detail showing cytoplasmic and membrane immunostaining. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3659098_pone-0064569-g003_205705.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MRI axial sequential T2 views of patient 2.Pre-treatment MRI scans of patient 2 (A [16/24], C [17/24], E [18/24]) show retro-patellar signal changes (arrow) consistent with chondromalacia patellae (upper bone). At three months, post-treatment MRI scans of patient 2 (B [right; 4/20], D [5/20], and F [6/20]) show changes (arrowhead) consistent with probable cartilage restoration on the patellae-femoral joint. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4214163_fig5_331276.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | The patterns of Hth expression in T2 and T3 imaginal discs. ((a)–(c)), ((d)–(f)), and ((g)–(i)) are T2 wing, T3 leg, and T3 haltere discs, respectively. ((a), (d), and (g)) The expression patterns of endogenous Hth; ((b), (e), and (h)) the expression patterns of Hth-YFP; ((c), (f), and (i)) the expression patterns of Hth-YFP in the boxed regions in the corresponding images at high magnification showing that the protein trap is nuclear. Double-labelling of Hth-YFP and its endogenous gene shows that they have very similar temporal and spatial expression patterns in wing ((j)–(j′′)), haltere ((k)–(k′′)), and T3 leg ((l)–(l′′)) imaginal discs. ((m)–(m′′)) are higher magnifications of the boxed region in (l). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2673345_fig02_37787.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Comparison of the SSGR and the SPIR methods of fat suppression. Illustrative axial slice through the custom made phantom with an oil ring (phase encoding top-to-bottom). Acquisition with SPIR (a), without fat saturation (b) and with SSGR (c). All images (a–c) are windowed identically. The image in the middle demonstrates the need for some form of fat suppression. (d) The mean signal from the 10 voxels located in the shifted fat signal across the 68 acquired images (the first seven are reference images while the latter 61 are diffusion-weighted) for all three acquisitions. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44101.jpg | what plane was used in this ct scan? | axial |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1478.jpg | Is abdomen present? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1552.jpg | Where is this area in the body? | abdomen |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3065459_pone-0018053-g001_91204.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Tissue sampling.Example of tissue sampling from anesthetized animals using a sterile trephine punch. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3163773_Fig6_106835.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Fat-saturated images obtained 3 months after the first scan show signs of fracture healing |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3350482_pone-0036863-g005_137664.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Visual observation of phase variation on LB + X-gal plates in strains carrying an STM2208::lac fusion in different backgrounds.Strains in the upper row are SV5679 (Dam+ OxyR+), SV5683 (Dam− OxyR+), SV7031 (Dam+ OxyR+ mut. GATC) and SV7032 (Dam− OxyR+ mut. GATC). OxyR− derivatives (SV5989, SV5990, SV7232 and SV7233) are shown in the lower row. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14269.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Contrast-enhanced CT scan. The white arrow shows multiple thrombi in the left atrium. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4251904_pone-0112598-g003_341014.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Expression of Lin28a and Ddx4 in adult mouse testes following busulfan treatment.Representative images showing immunohistochemical stainings for Lin28a (left column) and Ddx4 (right column) on testis sections of DMSO (A, B) and busulfan treated (C–L) adult mice. For Lin28a and Ddx4 stainings on days 1 (C), 3 (E), 7 (G), 21 (I) and 28 (K) after busulfan treatment higher magnifications are shown for each time point (D, F, H, J, L). Germ cells are indicated by arrows and Sertoli cells by arrow heads. As negative control, stainings with nonspecific IgGs were performed (A; Insert). Scale bars represent 25 µm and 50 µm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3881924_f3-ol-07-02-0321_256727.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Chest computed tomography of the lung cancer patient following the completion of radiotherapy showed (A) consolidation with ground grass shadow in the irradiated field in the right lower lobe and right pleural effusion at 4 months, (B) consolidation of the extended irradiated volume and increased pleural effusion at 7 months, (C) constriction of the ground grass shadow and a migrated shadow in the lower two lobes at 11 months and (D) resolution in the lower lobe (i.e. no fibrosis) at 18 months. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2956.jpg | What is present ? | Cardiovascular |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4029092_F1_290300.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Axial bone-window computed tomography scan performed one day after first operation. The mass of bone chips and fibrin glue can be well identified. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2917576_F6_70931.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Transverse sections and 3D reconstructions of controls, 5 days pressure and 14 days pressure, showing the osteolytic development. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3666968_pone-0065111-g002_207635.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Statistical maps for conditions relative to resting baseline at MNI coordinates −42 −56 32.Note increased BOLD responses for communicative reasoning and less activation during strategic reasoning. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4491581_fig4_402994.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | In situ zymographic analysis for MMP-9 activity in dorsal skin of TEA-treated mice against UVB-induced skin damage. (a) Images of gelatinoylysis/MMP-9 and (b) its higher magnification. Degradation of collagen by gelatinases was detected as fluorescence. TEA treatment significantly suppressed gelatinoylysis and MMP-9 expression in the dermal region. TEA, thread embedding acupuncture; MMP-9, matrix-metalloproteinase-9; UV, ultraviolet B. Scale bars = 200 μm (a) and 100 μm (b). |
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