image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_5/PMC2430549_F1_24399.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Electron micrographs of: A, Icosahedral phage particles (arrows) associated with a Xylella fastidosa cell; B, Icosahedral phage particles showing a "ridge" on the surface (arrow); C, Particles of phage CP2 from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Long arrow, a surface "ridge" ; Short arrow, a short tail; D, Small type of icosahedral particles in an ordered chain; E, A tailed phage particle. F, Filamentous particles. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4552135_Fig4_418271.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Computed tomography image: transverse section of the brain 1 month after the onset of illness. This section shows the infarctions of the right cerebral cortex |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4449531_F3_391346.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Localization of GmWRP1 in the Golgi apparatus. The GmWRP1–GFP fusion gene was co-expressed with Golgi apparatus marker ST-mRFP, ER marker BIP-mCherry-KDEL, TGN marker SYP41-mCherry, or MVB marker ARA6-mCherry in N. benthamiana. The GFP, mRFP, DIC, and merged images are shown. A majority of GmWRP1–GFP fluorescence signals were also labelled by ST-mRFP Golgi marker signals. However, few of the GmWRP1–GFP punctate fluorescence signals were labelled by BIP-mCherry-KDEL ER marker, SYP41-mCherry TGN marker, or ARA6-mCherry MVB marker signals. Bar, 10 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39022.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Frontal view coronary artery angiogram showing the giant aneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18023.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Baseline axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating perivesical enlarged lymph node (red arrow) and area of adjacent lymph node enlargement at site of prior left inguinal hernia repair (white arrow) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3124530_pone-0021597-g002_100705.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Assessment of mitochondrial integrity in fresh (A) or vitrified mouse oocytes in the presence of 0 (B), 0.1 (C), 0.2 (D) or 0.3 (E) trehalose labelled with Deep MitoTracker Red.Nuclei were stained with DAPI. The level of clustering of mitochondria (F) at the distance criterion (r) of 5 µm, displayed as mean ± SEM. Treatment groups that were significantly different (p<0.05) to that of Fresh oocytes are denoted by *. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1698931_F4_7936.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Echogenicity in CXMDJ A: Sequential studies in echogenicity with advancing age by two-dimensional echocardiography in a normal dog III-301MN, and a CXMDJ dog III-302MA, at 6–21 months of age. Hyperechoic lesions (arrowheads) of the left ventricular posterior wall were detected in the CXMDJ dog at 12 months of age and older.B: Two-dimensional echocardiograms of a normal dog III-301MN at 6 months of age, and four CXMDJ dogs III-D53MA, III-D55MA, III-1803MA, and III-D08MA at 6 to 7 months of age. The hyperechoic lesion (arrowhead) was detected only in the left ventricular posterior wall of III-D08MA. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4332730_Fig2_359925.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
The immunohistochemistry results of eGFP expression in tissues of
CD14
shRNA transgenic mice under confocal microscopy. Upper row: spleen; Middle row: liver; Lower row: kidney. Left parts were male samples, and right were female samples. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q21eez08326g2d1scs.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-right, Center-right, Upper-center |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4383608_pone.0120140.g001_374664.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Comparison of static imaging and reference high-dose protocols.FDK reconstructions of gated data obtained with the reference high-dose protocol (A) and with the static imaging protocol (B) comprising 32 and 8 frames per projection angle, respectively. C: Absolute image difference between two high-dose respiratory phases. D: Prior image obtained from the addition of the four low-dose respiratory phases and processed with a Gaussian filter to reduce noise. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2758.jpg | Does this image show thermal burned skin? | yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3914586_fig4_264417.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Representative optical fluorescence microscopy images of hABMSCs cultured for 5 days in static conditions (a1–d1) or at 10 min/day (a2–d2), 30 min/day (a3–d3), 60 min/day (a4–d4), 120 min/day (a5–d5), and 180 min/day (a6–d6) by OSS without OM; cell nuclei (a1–a6), actin filaments (b1–b6), gap junction (Cx43, c1–c6), and merged images (d1–d6) of the fluorescence stains. Fluorescence images showed more intense observation in OSS groups without OM compared to those in control (arrows: cell direction). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4045799_F1_294670.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Effect of changing arterial CO2 on BOLD CMR signal intensities. Representative short (A) and long (B) axis BOLD CMR images collected from a canine from Group Ramp under baseline (PETCO2 = 42 mmHg) and hypercapnia (PETCO2 = 55 mmHg) are shown. Note the increase in signal intensity in images under hypercapnia relative to baseline. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3861112_pntd-0002472-g002_251221.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Inflammatory reaction in active cutaneous lesions of untreated ATL patient (PP1) during pregnancy and postpartum.The inflammatory response in the lesions was assessed by in situ immunohistochemistry. (A,B) CD8+ cells, (C,D) CD68+ cells, (E,F) NOS2, (G,H) IFN-γ, and (I,J) IL-10 expression in active lesions of pregnant ATL patient (PP1). (A,C,E,G,I) at 8 months of pregnancy; (B,D,F,H,J) at 2–6 months post delivery; Magnification: 200× (bar = 50 µm); arrows indicate examples of positive areas. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4160966_F6_319549.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Microscopic images of H and E stained paraffin embedded tissue sections in breast carcinoma tissues are shown. (A) Representative of paraffin embedded tissue section of non-IBC carcinoma tissues showing invasion of carcinoma cells to lymphatic vessels. (B) Representative of paraffin-embedded tissue section of IBC carcinoma tissues showing tumor emboli formation due to carcinoma cells invasion into lymphatic vessels (magnification: left panel, 10× and right panel, 40×). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26373.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Lateral radiographs of the patient's foot show a condensed lesion in the calcaneus with aggressive periosteal reaction and soft-tissue swelling. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2908095_F7_69439.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunohistochemical examination of NPC and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium (Normal NP) specimens for LMP1, Id1 and Foxo3a expression. Intensive nuclear staining for Foxo3a was observed in normal NP epithelium with weak expression of Id1. In NPC tumour T1 which expresses high level of LMP1, strong Id1 expression and weak nuclear staining of Foxo3a was observed. In NPC tumour T3 which shows weak LMP1 expression, strong nuclear staining of Foxo3a and weak Id1 detection was observed. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3742844_Fig10_224717.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | SBA with anastomosis, neither SBA nor anastomosis can be used in a 61-year-old woman with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Catheter insertion was not possible because the SBA was narrow. The anastomosis is broad but forms a loop, making it impossible to use for catheter insertion into the brachial artery. Angiography was switched to the left radial artery approach. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3314549_F1_131785.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The grading of immunohistochemical staining for TFPI-2. Immunohistochemical staining of cervical tissues for TFPI-2 (A-E). The immunostaining intensity was defined as grade 0 (no detectable staining, A), grade1 (weak staining, B), grade 2(clear but not so strong staining, C), grade 3 (more strong staining, D) and grade 4 (stronggest staining, E). The nuclei were counterstained with hematoxylin blue. Image magnifications are 200×. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30483.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | CT Chest; pulmonary window. Post chest tube insertion for right pleural effusion. Multiple subcentimeter lung nodules are seen with a ‘tree in bud’ appearance representing active endobronchial spread of disease. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3617021_F1_196773.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative images of Sirius red staining for total collagen and immunohistochemical staining for collagen I and collagen III in cardiac tissue (200× magnification). Bars represent quantification of expression of total collagen, collagen I and collagen III (% area fraction). TP, L, low-dose triptolide (100 μg/kg/day); TP, M, medium-dose triptolide (200 μg/kg/day); TP, H, high-dose triptolide (400 μg/kg/day). *P < 0.05 versus control; #P < 0.05 versus DM, n = 10 per group. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3185059_pone-0025845-g001_110805.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Main types of pelage markings seen across bat families, which were used as categories in this study.(a) uniform coloration, characterized by the absence of markings, shown in Mystacina tuberculata (Mystacinidae); (b) Countershading, shown in Myotis vivesi (Vespertilionidae); (c) Neck band, in Pteropus conspicillatus (Pteropodidae); (d) Spots, in the dorsum of Euderma maculatum (Vespertilionidae); and Stripes (e) in the dorsum of Saccopteryx bilineata (Emballonuridae) and (f) in the face of Vampyressa pusilla (Phyllostomidae), which is roosting under a leaf tent. Photo credits: Stuart Parsons (a), Marco Tschapka (b), U.S. National Park Service (c), and Jesús Molinari (e). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3403962_F3_146320.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | First pass rest perfusion images with segmental signal intensity curves. Segmented mid-ventricular slice during first-pass rest-perfusion with the st-GrE (left) and ktBLAST-SSFP sequences (right) with corresponding signal intensity curves. A dual bolus of contrast is used as standard but full-quantification was not performed as part of this study. The red curve is the left ventricular blood pool signal. All other colours represent the signal from each of the six standard segments. Baseline signal is lower with the st-GrE sequence as this sequence was used first in this volunteer. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3342296_pone-0036093-g007_136497.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | SPARC overexpression alone and in combination with radiation inhibits neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vivo through increased expression of PTEN and inhibited phosphorylation of AKT.Neuroblastoma orthotopic tumor sections from mice injected with mock, pEV or pSPARC plasmids alone or in combination with radiation (IR) were analyzed as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Tumor photographs from representing mice, (B) Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining for the tumors (Magnification at 4× and 40×), and (C) immunohistochemical analysis for SPARC, Ki-67, pAKT and PTEN were carried out as described in Materials and Methods. All results are representative of multiple tumors taken from five separate mice in each treatment group (Magnification at 60×). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1855435_pone-0000420-g002_10682.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Overview of PtK2 cells grown on EM grids.Light microscopy images of Ptk2 cells grown on EM-grids. A, shows several EM grid bars, whereas B is a higher magnification. Bars: 20 µm. C, low magnification electron microscopy images of Ptk2 cells cultivated on an EM-grid. Bar: 2 µm. D, intermediate magnification (typically used for recording tomographic tilt series) EM images of the Ptk2 cells, infected with VV for 5 min. arrows–actin, arrowheads-extracellular virions. Bar: 200 nm |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2655057_F2_36044.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | X-ray in anterioposterior view showing pacemaker unit lying under rectus sheath with pacing lead going through external iliac vein to inferior vena cava. Pacemaker unit is looking lateral and down because of patulous abdomen and X ray has been taken in erect posture. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4051640_pone-0098860-g005_296386.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A representative case (Case 8) of intraoperative electro-cortical stimulation (ECS) mapping, performed through the use of a bipolar probe and a 4-contacts strip electrode (bottom right), with the support of neuronavigation system.Task-based fMRI map overlaid on T1-weighted MR images was loaded on the neuronavigation device (upper panel and bottom left). In this patient, ECS evoked mouth motion in the cortical site 1 (under the dura), as illustrated in intraoperative optic microscopic view (bottom right). With the aid of the neuronavigation device the position of each ECS site was determined on the presurgical fMRI dataset. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3942198_fig2_271407.jpg | What is shown in this image? | One malignant gastric schwannoma case. (a) Tumor cells show high variation of nuclear shape and size with mitosis (H&E, original magnification ×200). Diffuse positive staining is seen for (b) S-100 protein (positive < 20%), (c) CD56 (>50%), and (d) vimentin (>50%) in tumor cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3850890_F11_248571.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Segmentation of cells using manually drawn markers in 3D from example 9, visualized for plane five. A) Raw surface stain, B) smoothed surface stain used for segmentation, C) cell markers drawn manually, D) background markers (in an imaging plane other than the cell markers), E) watershed image, F) detected cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3016868_f04_83222.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Images of Carposina sasakii larvae at various growth stages measured by the 3D gradient-echo method. TR was 0.1 s; TE 2.18 ms, and 30° flip angle. Images were properly rotated in order to depict the larvae by using the ImageJ program. The scale bar is 5 mm. (A) 1.8 mm-long larva. (B) Growing 5-mm-long larva. (C) Grown larva exceeding 10 mm in length. (D) Head of a mature larva just exiting the fruit. The larvae are indicated by arrows. The resolution was 117 µm (A, C) or 234 µm (B, D). High quality figures and videos are available online. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4261791_fig2_343222.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | X-ray shows the affected side hip after reduction. The left femoral head is correctly positioned in the acetabulum. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31915.jpg | which plane is this x-ray taken in? | pa |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3611040_Fig1_195529.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Microglial nodules are found in the normally myelinated periplaque white matter in MS biopsy tissue. Staining for LFB/PAS (a) and immunohistochemistry for PLP (b), MBP (c), MOG (d) and MAG (e) on sequential tissue sections showed normal myelin (MS no. 7). Activated microglia/macrophages and circumscribed nodules (arrows) that express HLA-DR are shown in (f). Insets in (b, c, d, e, f) show higher magnification of the respective tissue immunostaining. Scale bars = (a–f) 250 μm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3664737_Fig5_207132.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Dynamic CTA after the secondary intervention. No early contrast filling in the aneurysmal sac of PAVF was noted. The aneurysmal sac of PAVF was enhanced at the same phase of the enhancement of pulmonary vein (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4574018_Fig1_424387.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Preoperative radiographs. a Panoramic radiograph showing a large unilocular radiolucent lesion with a dislocated permanent premolar tooth germ in the right mandible. b Periapical radiograph showing partially absorbed roots and infection in the involved deciduous second molar. c Horizontal computed tomography view of the lesion showing small, high-density spots within a well-defined radiolucent region, with buccal and lingual cortical expansion. d Sagittal computed tomography view |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19829.jpg | which plane is this mri taken in? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glxs52b071u7xpqf5xc.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4227496_fig2_335049.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiologic evaluation of the intra-abdominal injuries: (a) and (b) imaging of the liver and spleen laceration with consecutive intra-abdominal hematoma in horizontal and frontal planes; (c) and (d) imaging of the hematothorax on the left side and pneumothorax on the right side in the horizontal plane and in conventional radiographs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4214503_f2-ol-08-06-2569_331596.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections from the (A–C) tumor, (D–F) lung and (G–I) spleen demonstrating histopathological changes following transfection. (A–C) A larger quantity of subcutaneous tumor necrosis (blue arrows) is present in the tumor tissue from the rl-RVG group. (D–F) A more severe inflammatory reaction occurred in the lung of the mice in the rl-RVG group. (G–I) A larger quantity of multinucleated giant cells (red arrows) are present in the spleen tissue from the rl-RVG group (magnification, ×200). NDV, Newcastle disease virus; RVG, rabies virus glycoprotein; rl-RVG, recombinant NDV; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4556687_pone.0137028.g002_419686.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Double immunofluorescent labeling of NCAM with erythropoietin (EPO) and granzyme B.
(A-C) NCAM positive interstitial cells did not express EPO. Merge of NCAM (clone Eric-1) and EPO, cryostat sections, double immunofluorescent labeling, x400. (D) Diffuse NCAM (clone EP257Y) staining in peritubular incipient interstitial fibrosis of FSGS case, without any granzyme B positivity, cryostat section, double immunofluorescene, x400. (E) Overlapping of NCAM (clone EP257Y) and granzyme B in a single cell within the whole biopsy core of the case illustrated in previous picture, cryostat section, double immunofluorescence, x400. (F) Mononuclear interstitial inflammatory infiltrate of lupus nephritis, arrow indicates two NCAM+ cells without overlapping with granzyme B, cryostat section, double immunofluorescence, x400. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4392041_Fig5_376795.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image |
Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of macrophages and dendritic cells incubated with NETs. Macrophages (A,B,E,F,I,J) and dendritic cells (C,D,G,H,K,L) stimulated with NETs (B,D,F,H,J,L) or without stimulation (A,C,E,G,I,K) at 30 minutes (A-D) and 24 h (E-L). Small arrows indicate mitochondria, large arrows indicate vacuolated cells. 3150X (A-H) and 50,000X (I-L). M: Mitochondria, N: Nuclei, Mfs: Macrophages, DC: Dendritic cells. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2204027_F1_16244.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Left inferior parathyroid adenoma. Axial MR imaging scans (07/1998) weighted in T1 (A) and T2 (B) show a spontaneous hyperintense and well defined round lesion in both T1- and T2-weighted in the left-inferior parathyroid adenoma region (arrow). There is a hypointense lesion with a halo in the T2-weighted image which can represent degradation products of hemoglobin (arrowheads). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_25989.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | X-ray of cubital joint in a 56-year-old man with a 21-year history of psoriatic arthritis. Destructive changes are visible in the lateral epicondyle of the humeral bone in attachment of the extensors of the forearm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2684223_F0003_38706.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The left renal vein opens into partly patent IVC. The tumor extends below the entry point |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4294322_F5_350513.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Expression patterns of ARR7 and ARR15 during early somatic embryogenesis. (A–D) Expression patterns of ARR7 indicated by pARR7::GFP in embryonic calli induced in SEIM for 16 h ( A; 93.02%, n = 86), 24 h (B; 90.53%, n = 95), 2 days (C; 85.88%, n = 85) and 3 days (D; 87.63%, n = 97). (E–H) Expression patterns of ARR15 indicated by pARR15::GFP in embryonic calli induced in SEIM for 16 h (E; 88.24%, n = 85), 24 h (F; 82.29%, n = 96), 2 days (G; 94.05%, n = 84) and 3 days (H; 86.96%, n = 92). Red signals represent chlorophyll autofluorescence. Scale bars = 80 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4381991_fig10_374087.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Zero-padding the spatial volume to remove the overlapping between the central image and the replicas. In (a), the central part of the visible male dataset is packed in a volume array of the same size. Rotating the volume in (b) results in overlapping. Zero-padding the subvolume removes all the overlapping after rotating the whole volume as shown in (c). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3154169_F1_104849.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI of the right hip; T1 sequential coronal views. The cavity surrounded by the three green arrows has decreased in size in post-treatment MRIs due to probable bone regeneration. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3935562_F1_269567.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Analysis of the hypersensitive response to PVY infection at the macroscopic, light and electron microscopy levels in tissue samples from PVY-inoculated cv. Rywal leaves at 0, 1, 3, and 6 dpi. (A) Chlorophyll-removed tissue under the dissecting microscope. (B) Cross-sections of leaf tissue fixed for electron microscopy. (C, D) Transmission electron micrographs. (E) DAB-stained tissue under the dissecting microscope. (F) Callose-stained tissue observed under the fluorescence microscope with a DAPI filter. Arrows in C, chloroplasts (red), mitochondria (blue); asterisk in D, nuclear envelope invagination. Bars: 100 μm (A, F), 20 μm (B), 2 μm (C, D), 1mm (E). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3496646_F4_165600.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Liver sections of chickens infected via air sac inoculation with virulent wild-type strains or iron acquisition mutants. Magnification,×400. Liver sections of chickens infected with E058 (A), E058ΔchuT (B), E058ΔiroD (C), E058ΔiucD (D), E058ΔchuTΔiroDΔiucD (E), U17 (F), U17ΔchuT (G), U17ΔiroD (H), U17ΔiucD (I), U17ΔchuTΔiroDΔiucD (J). Liver section of a mock bird (K). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2739484_F0001_45070.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Preoperative clinical picture and roentgenogram (anteroposterior view) of humerus showing the deformity |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3320891_pone-0033689-g001_133095.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | PEDOT-PSS silk thread observation with a conventional microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM).A. Macroscopic image of pristine silk thread (left) and PEDOT-PSS combined silk thread (right). B. C. Cross-section of pristine silk (B) and PEDOT-PSS silk thread (C) observed with a transmitted light optical microscope (scale bar 50 µm). D–F. Scanning electron micrograph of pristine silk (D) and PEDOT-PSS silk thread (E, Higher magnification view F). Arrows indicate fine filaments of silk fiber (D) coated with PEDOT-PSS (E). Arrowheads indicate PEDOT-PSS webbing between silk fibers. (F, Scale bar 20 µm). Pristine silk shows charge up and has a blurred image because of its insulation properties (D). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3610652_pone-0059410-g001_195457.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | IHC pattern of CD34 and Mineralorticoid Receptor expression in normal colonic mucosa (A) and colonic adenocarcinoma (B) (A, left panel).Scattered vessels positive for CD34 in lamina propria. (x20) and (A right panel) Diffuse nuclear positivity for MR in crypts of colonic mucosa. (x40). (B) H&E: Adenocarcinoma of the colon, moderately differentiated as shown by Haematoxylin-Eosin staining. CD34: Focal positivity for CD34 in vessels present in the tumor. MR: Diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmatic positivity for MR in tumor cells. Magnification: (a), x10; (b), x20; (c), x40. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52379.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | skull and contents |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_54843.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Sagittal fat-saturated T2-weighted image demonstrates biceps tendon rupture with tendon retraction. Note abnormal signal and thickening of retracted tendon (arrow). In some cases, it may be necessary to extend the field of view to include the retracted biceps tendon. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2931386_fig1_72408.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (a) Clinical photographs of the fundus of the right and (b) left eyes. Bilateral optic nerve crescents and staphylomas are seen in both eyes. There are also degenerative changes seen in the macular areas of both eyes. (c) Fluorescein angiogram of the right eye in the early (a) and late (b) phases demonstrating staining of the optic nerve crescents and small window defects along the macular region. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3418244_pone-0043033-g005_149582.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Immuno-fluorescence localization of 50L during RGV-infection.EPC cells were infected with 1 M.O.I. of ΔTK-RGV for 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h, and fixed, permeabilized and stained with anti-RGV 50L serum and RRX-conjugated anti-mouse antibody, followed by Hoechst 33342. Mock-infected cells were used as a negative control. Red fluorescence showed the localization of the fusion protein (RRX), green fluorescence showed the virus infected cells (EGFP), the cell nuclei were shown by Hoechst 33342 (Hoechst 33342), and the merged photos were also listed (Merge). The arrows indicated viral matrices. Magnification ×100 (oil-immersion objective). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3544648_F1_179024.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Immunohistochemistry staining of RBM5 in normal and cancerous prostatic tissue. (A) Normal prostate. (B) Prostate cancer. The images were obtained at 400 × magnifications, brown color represents RBM5 staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3853325_fig6_249469.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Four-chamber heart sections. (a) Fusion display of the CVH dataset and the coronary artery model. (b) Fusion display of the cardiac CT dataset and the coronary artery model. (c) Two-chamber heart section revealed by echocardiography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2637255_F3_33956.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histopathologic section of the surgical specimen demonstrating a cyst in the dermis lined by a one-or two-layered cuboidal or flattened epithelium resting on a layer with spindle myoepithelial cells. In close vicinity to the cyst are groups of apocrine glands, partly dilated, showing the typical eosinophilic epithelium with evidence of decapitation secretion (H&E, original magnification 10×). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4470008_Fig1_397500.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Ultrasonography revealed an inflamed tubular structure inside the right inguinal canal. This tubular structure looked similar to the appendix and was extending along the inguinal canal demonstrating the decision of emergency surgery treatment. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4562370_F3_421794.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Increased autophagosome formation in A0H0 macrophages. (A) Representative electron micrographs of Wt, H0, A0, and A0H0 macrophages, showing degradative autophagic vacuoles (AVd) in cells from all phenotypes and LDs in A0 and A0H0 macrophages. Right panel: Electron micrographs after high-pressure freezing (HPF). Scale bars: 0.5 μm. (B, D) Western blotting of macrophage lysates using (B) anti-LC3B, anti-p62, and (D) anti-cathepsin B specific antibodies. Protein expression of β-actin was determined as loading control. (C) Densito-metric quantification of LC3-II/β-actin (n = 7–11) and p62/β-actin (n = 6–7) of independent experiments + SEM, relative to the expression in Wt macrophages. *, p < 0.05; ***, p ≤ 0.001. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_drawing/train_0927.jpg | Are the congophilic areas based on principal mechanisms of haemolysis? | no |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4422703_pone.0126551.g003_383951.jpg | What is shown in this image? |
In vivo MRI tracking of CCI lesions over time.Representative MRIs at the same location for a rat treated with saline and a rat treated with rat mesenchymal stromal cells (rMSC) are displayed for days 2, 9, and 30. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glks4lb071u2xo3309v.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3202236_F4_113271.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Epithelial deletion of IKKβ delays alveolar formation. Representative hematoxylin and eosin stained photomicrographs of lung tissue from embryonic (E12-E17), early postnatal (P0, P7) and young adulthood (P30) stages from IKKβ littermate controls (A-N; top panels) and double transgenic Nkx2.1/IKKβF/F progeny (A-N; bottom panels). (O) Radial alveolar counts at P7 and P30. [4 × magnification in A-L; Data are expressed as Mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05 in O]. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3415176_fig2_149116.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Circumscribed staining (arrows) in chromobronchoscopy; ML: middle lobe, LL: lower lobe; histology showed unspecific inflammation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4365372_fig4_369197.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Postnatal cephalic MRI. T1 hyperintense pyramidal tract lesions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4378697_fig4_373015.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Chest CT scan: Rt upper lobe density. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_78945.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Apical 5 chamber view: Mild mitral regurgitation |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3444356_F2_155375.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Pathological findings of kidney allograft biopsy at 9 months (A and B), 14 months (C), and 30 months (D) after kidney transplantation. (A) Ischemic changes are observed in the region of the stenotic arterial branch (PAS staining, original magnification x40). (B) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)-like changes are observed in the region with good blood perfusion (PAS staining, original magnification x40). Allograft biopsy in the well-perfused area performed fourteen (C) and thirty (D) months after kidney transplantation showed marked improvement of FSGS-like changes by repeated percutaneous transluminal arterioplasty of the stenotic arterial branch (Masson's trichrome staining, original magnification x20). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3128580_pone-0020110-g001_101289.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Trabecular meschwork after SLT and ALT.Scanning electron microscope photograph of the human sclerocorneal trabecular meshwork (magnification 2,000x in A and C, and 1,500x in B) 3 h (A) and 6 h (C) after SLT treatment. The architecture of TM is well conserved, showing intact trabecular beams (A,C). By comparison, following argon laser trabeculoplasty a coagulative damage with disruption of trabecular beams is well evident (B). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1380.jpg | Does this image show normal lung? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3368323_fig1_140623.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cephalothoracopagus janiceps disymmetros. (a) Prenatal two-dimensional ultrasound showing only a skull with two faces and two eyes. (b) Prenatal two-dimensional ultrasound showing the brain with the thalamus fusion (blue arrows). (c) Postnatal X-ray showing the fusion of twins from head until upper abdomen. (d) Postnatal postmortem analysis confirming the prenatal diagnosis. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1780056_F2_8891.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Pre operative CT scan. Representative pre-operative CT scan of a patient showing a posterior fossa haemorrhage with associated hydrocephalus and blood in the ventricles. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4389543_F4_376090.jpg | What is shown in this image? | 3D views of the (A) Spinocerebellar, (B) Dentate-Rubro-Thalamo-Cortical, (C) Fronto-Ponto-Cerebellar, (D) Parieto-Ponto-Cerebellar, (E) Occipito-Ponto-Cerebellar, (F) Temporo-Ponto-Cerebellar pathways. All these cerebellar pathways are illustrated together with corticospinal tract (dark blue) in panels (G,H). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4671340_F1_450985.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | MRI follow-up of a 63-year-old male with chronic descending thoracic aortic dissection. The patient had undergone surgical replacement of the ascending aorta for type A aortic dissection 4 years earlier. (A) Sagittal gadolinium-contrast-enhanced MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) view; (B) axial black blood view of the proximal descending thoracic aorta; (C) axial true FISP (steady state-free precession) cine view; and (D) axial phase-contrast view, showing flow patterns in the true and false lumens of the descending aorta. The true lumen is indicated by the white arrow (Courtesy: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Sydney, Australia). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3850075_F11_248445.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Confocal microscopy of tumor bound phage. Tumor bound phages were detected by staining with α-phage lambda polyclonal rabbit serum, followed by an anti-rabbit FITC-conjugated secondary antibody. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3471850_pone-0047301-g005_160225.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Histopathology of Ixodes scapularis nymphal bite sites at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hrs PI.Skin biopsies were fixed in formaldehyde followed by decalcification prior to paraffin embedding. Five micron sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as described in the methods section. The arrowhead marks a marginating neutrophil at 6 hrs PI 1000x, while the arrow marks areas of putative myositis/muscle necrosis at 12 hrs PI 100x. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3050071_F0002_89220.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomography of the lumbar spine. Sagittal reconstruction through the perched right L5–S1 facet joint |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3477535_fig2_161525.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Computerised tomography of the chest performed initially (a) and after 2 years (b) showing focal bronchiectasis in the lingula of the left lung. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4364982_pone.0116521.g002_369125.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Evolution of emerging actin networks induced by counterion condensation, depletion interactions and specific binding interactions.Time-lapse images of emerging networks of actin bundles from semi-dilute solutions of confined actin filaments (3 μM, l
avg ≥ 10 μm) by (a) Mg2+ ions (50 mM), (b) PEG polymers (5% w/v, M. W. 8000) and (c) filamin dimers (ratio of filamin to actin (R) = 0.1). Images i-iv show the formation of networks while images v-viii show their disassembly upon addition and depletion of bundling agents respectively. Scale bar represents 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4108240_F1_308223.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan. Arrowheads point to multiple enlarged lymph nodes at the lateral margin of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (A) and in the supraclavicular region (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4603971_Fig4_432924.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Inducing calcification in 4T1 cells with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. 4T1 cells were incubated in normal media (control) and an osteogenic cocktail (OC). a The cell cultures were stained with AR-S to detect calcium nodules and were photographed at the original magnification and at ×100 magnification. b The cell cultures were stained with cetylpyridinium chloride and were quantified by measuring the absorbance at 562 nm. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, *** indicates p < 0.001 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2838778_pone-0009631-g001_59138.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | p47phox−/− mice develop increased zymosan-induced lung inflammation compared to wildtype (WT) mice.Representative lung histology of WT (A) and p47phox−/− (CGD) mice (B) at days 3, 7, 14, 25 after i.t. zymosan. All slides are H&E stained, 20x, and are representative of at least 3 mice per genotype per time point. C) Percent of lung parenchyma with consolidation or granulomatous inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophil (D) and macrophage (E) concentrations. 2-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between genotypes in % lung inflammation (p<0.0001) and BALF neutrophil concentration (p<0.0001), with significant differences at the indicated time points by Boneferroni post-test. *, p<0.01; **, p<0.001). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4647554_fig-3_444453.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Round pneumonia.Case 1. 5 year old male with evidence of round pneumonia by chest X-ray in middle region of the left lung (A) duly detected by lung ultrasound (B) Case 2. 8 year old male with round pneumonia in middle/upper region of right lung by chest rx (C) and corresponding ultrasound image (D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3016302_F1_83118.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Benign multicystic mesothelioma of the head of the pancreas: computed tomography scan of the abdomen shows a multicystic lesion of the head of the pancreas with dilated pancreatic duct and regional lymphadenopathy. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4598085_pone.0140292.g007_431024.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Example of co-localization of the WrnΔhel mutant protein with the ER organelles by immunofluorescence study.Images in the first row represent the localization of the GFP-Wrn and PDI in Wrn
Δhel/Δhel MEFs. Images in the second row represent the localization of the DDK-Wrn and PDI in Wrn
Δhel/Δhel MEFs. Images in the third row represent the localization of the GFP-WrnΔhel mutant protein and PDI in Wrn
Δhel/Δhel MEFs. Images in the fourth row represent the localization of the DDK-WrnΔhel mutant protein and PDI in Wrn
Δhel/Δhel MEFs. The graph at the end of each row represents the intensity of the fluorescence along the arrow in the merge image. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2308.jpg | Is miliary tuberculosis present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3686095_fig2_212082.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Cardiac function detected by echocardiography. (a) EF value, FS value, LVEDd, and LVEDs in sham-operated group. (b) Increase in EF value, FS value and decrease in LVEDd, LVEDs in sham-operated rats. (c) Improvements in EF and FS in QSYQ group. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic19978.jpg | what organ system is being imaged? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4320835_Fig3_356490.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
A and B Hemagglutination activity and negative stain electron microscopy of the H3 rHA proteins. A. The hemagglutination assay was performed in 96-well u-bottom plates. The rHA proteins were assayed in triplicate at an initial concentration of 1 μg/mL loaded in the left-most lane. Two-fold serially dilutions were performed across the plate in PBS, and equal volume 0.5% guinea pig red blood cells added. Endpoints are denoted by dotted lines. B. The rHA proteins were stored at 25°C for 2.5 month at the time of EM analysis. The bar represents 100 nm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic57064.jpg | which organ is captured by this mri? | skull and contents |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2955.jpg | Where is this from? | vasculature |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic32288.jpg | what organ systems can be evaluated with this ct scan? | gastrointestinal |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08601.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Postoperative axial CT of sacral alae obtained after bilateral sacroplasty demonstrating anteromedial spread of Cortoss filling in associated fracture sites. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3145783_pone-0022936-g001_103881.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Stable T. gondii parasite lines expressing transgenic OVA antigen.(A) OVA protein fused to endogenous targeting signals correctly traffics OVA antigen (green) to specific organelles in T. gondii tachyzoites, including: the cytoplasm (row 1, left), the parasitophorous vacuole (row 1, right), the inner membrane complex (row 2), the mitochondrion (row 3), and the parasite membrane (row 4). Permeabilization reveals intracellular, as well as membrane-bound, GPI-OVA (row 5). Co-localization markers (red) include: anti-IMC1 antibody, mitotracker, and anti-P30 antibody, as labeled. Protein expression in stable transgenic parasites (B) and culture supernatants (C) was analyzed by immunblotting, using antibodies directed against OVA and P30 (loading control). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4476326_F1_398757.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Expressions of COX-2 (1A-1C), GLUT-1 (2A-2C) and VEGF (3A-3C) proteins in cells (magnification: ×100). 1A, 2A and 3A: Normal endometrial tissues; 1B, 2B and 3B: neoplastic tissues; 1C, 2C and 3C: cancer tissues. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pv1e4n08323tzb6xhv.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Polyp |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4315120_f2-ol-09-03-1055_355036.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Radiographic findings of the patient following admission to The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China). The mass was located under the diaphragm, with good demarcation and full invasion of all layers of the stomach and colon. (A) Coronary computed tomography scan. (B) Gastric endoscopy. (C and D) Colonoscopy. (E) Endoscopic ultrasonography. A total bowel obstruction was observed due to tumor invasion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4312642_fig2_354322.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Second CT scan brain without contrast showing clearly visible subarachnoid bleed. (a) Classical star shaped hyperdensity seen filling the subarachnoid space most apparently around the circle of Willis (white arrows); (b) hyperattenuating signal in bilateral sylvian fissures (white arrows); (c) trickle of blood seen extending into the ventricular system (black arrow) (also visible in (a)). |
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