image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05372.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Fluoroscopic image showing radiofrequency cannula toward the articular branches of the femoral nerve (A) and the obturator nerve (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4213494_Fig4_331173.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Macroscopic observations further strengthened the idea that Ihh
+
MSCs/hydroxyapatite complex promote bone regeneration. At 12 weeks after the implantation, complete bone union was observed in group implanted with EGFP+ Ihh+ MSCs/HA constructs (c), while bone defects were persistent in control groups (a and b). Arrows in all panels points to the injury sites. Note that the hydroxyapatite complex was undetectable in any group at this time point. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3742630_pone-0072558-g007_224595.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Combination therapy with atorvastatin and amlodipine suppresses Rho-kinase expression and activity and cyclophilin A expression in ApoE-/-
mice.Immunohistochemistry for ROCK1, ROCK2, phospho-MBS, CyPA, α-actin. Scale bars indicate 100 µm.AngII, angiotensin II; ATOR, atorvastatin; AMLO, amlodipine; Combi, combination of atorvastatin and amlodipine; MBS, myosin binding subunit; CyPA, cyclophilin A. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3386951_pone-0040015-g006_143357.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | β-catenin expression.(A) Nuclear β-catenin labeling control in a desmoid tumor. (B) Leiomyoma without β-catenin expression (LM1). (C) Uterine leiomyosarcoma with cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (LMS8). (D) Uterine leiomyosarcoma with membranous β-catenin expression (LMS2). Magnification: X40. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3075263_pone-0018632-g005_92269.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histology of lungs from rats infected with W4 for 180 days.(A) Normal appearing lung parenchyma, magnification 6.5×. (B) Lung with variable numbers of foamy macrophages, magnification 10×. (C) Small granulomas containing lymphocytes and epithelioid cells, magnification 20×. (D) A small inflammatory cell aggregate containing a large numbers of lymphocytes and a multinucleated giant cell, magnification 40×. (E) An infiltrated mediastinal lymph node with lymphocytes and epithelioid histiocytes, magnification 6.5×. (F) Same as E, magnification 20×. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4438176_fig2_388019.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) Periapical radiograph prior to root canal treatment. (b) Tracking of the sinus tract with gutta-percha point. (c) Determination of working length. (d) Master point radiograph. (e) Completed root canal treatment. (f) Reconstruction with fibre post and metal-ceramic crown; partial healing of the bone defect. (g) Radiographic situation after complete healing. (h) Radiographic situation of the implant after five years in situ. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4119939_F4_311061.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | STM imaging. STM images of (a, b, c, d) the reconstructed Ge(001) surface and (e, f, g) the polishing-induced trenches. The size of panels (b) and (c) is, respectively, 31 × 31 nm2 and 18 × 18 nm2. In (h), the line profile of the trench reported in (g) is shown. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4599754_Fig5_431600.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Intra-procedural Trans-esophageal echocardiography. a 3-D Zoom view on 3-D TEE post-deployment showing final position of Amplatzer vascular plug II (blue arrow). b 4-Chamber view on 2-D TEE showing Amplatzer vascular plug in situ (red arrow) |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4406663_fig05_379977.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | TUNEL staining for cardiac tissues from young or old WT and Ctsk−/− mice. (A) Representative TUNEL staining of cardiomyocytes from heart sections of young or old WT and Ctsk−/− mice. Apoptotic nuclei stained by TUNEL (green), counterstained with DAPI (blue) to label nuclei, and cardiomyocytes (desmin, red) were imaged by confocal microscopy. Arrowheads indicate apoptotic cardiomyocyte. (B) Quantitation of TUNEL-positive cardiomyocytes. Mean ± SEM, n = 1000 cardiomyocytes per group. *P < 0.05 vs. WT-Young group, #P < 0.05 vs. Ctsk−/−-Young group, &P < 0.05 vs. WT-Old group. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3407133_pone-0042211-g006_147088.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Morphological features of intracellular Y. pestis in antibiotic-free media.RAW264.7 and DH82 cells infected with Y. pestis strain KIM6+ for 30 min in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS media, washed with PBS to remove extracellular bacteria, and then incubated in HBSS with 10% FBS were sampled at 2.5 and 5 h p.i. for light microscopic examination by staining with Wright Giemsa stain. Arrows indicate filamentous Y. pestis. Images are presented at 1,000× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3000356_pgen-1001235-g005_80802.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | CHAT-1::GFP labels tubular structures in the intestine.CHAT-1::GFP were coexpressed together with mCHERRY or mRFP fusions of various endolysosomal markers in the wild-type intestine. Arrows indicate colocalization of CHAT-1::GFP with different endocytic markers. Arrowheads show tubular structures labeled only by CHAT-1::GFP. Insets show an amplified view with a magnification of X 1.6. Scale bars: 5 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27054.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Transverse USG image of a right direct inguinal hernia (arrows) arising medial to the inferior epigastric vessels (IEV) and deep ring |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4573645_Fig6_424231.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A 57-year-old female with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor to the liver, the mediastinum, and lung (a). Hepatobiliary phase imaging of the liver demonstrates multiple hypointensities (b, arrows) that correlate with DOTA-TOC uptake on respiratory compensated PET imaging (c). By combining the navigated HBP imaging and respiratory compensated PET data, accurate fusion between PET and MRI can be performed (d) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxus8zp4074yhyue52t1.jpg | How many findings are present? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4489012_fig10_401879.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Comparison of FBP and the proposed method for the custom built cardiac plaque phantom (a–c) and from a patient chest CT scan (d–f). (a, d) Image reconstructed from 900 projections with FBP, (b, e) image reconstructed from 200 projections with FBP, and (c, f) image reconstructed from 200 projections with the proposed method. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2731857_pone-0006916-g002_44295.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Neurofilament whole-mount immunohistochemistry of the developing limbs in mouse embryos.Shown is a dorsal view of the forelimbs of wild-type (wt, A, C, E) and palladin-deficient embryos (ko, B, D, F) at ages E12.5 (A, B), E13.5 (C, D), and E14.5 (E, F). Arrows indicate immunoreactive axons projecting into the forelimbs (magnification, 40×). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2320979_pgen-1000066-g005_20332.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The Dosage Compensation Complex is delocalized to autosomal sites on polytene chromosomes over-expressing Su(var)3-7.A: MSL1 immunodetection on chromosomes harbouring zero (WT), one (Su(var)3-7+++/+) or two copies (Su(var)3-7+++/Su(var)3-7+++) of the heat-shock transgene expressing Su(var)3-7. Male larvae were submitted to daily heat-shocks at 35°C before squashing. Arrows indicate the X chromosomes. B: H4K16ac immunodetection on chromosomes of wild type males or males harbouring two copies of the heat-shock transgene over-expressing Su(var)3-7 (Su(var)3-7+++/Su(var)3-7+++). Male larvae were submitted to daily heat-shocks at 35°C before squashing. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4409617_Fig4_380837.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. |
Primary PWI.
|
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31595.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). Axial b-FFE image of the thorax of a fetus at 24 WG demonstrates homogeneous moderately high signal intensity involving the left lung representing Microcystic (CCAM type III) (arrow). The mass displaces the heart and mediastinal structures to the right side. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3228822_pgen-1002374-g006_118006.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Increased iron availability and/or inactivation of SreA increase resistance of ΔsrbA to fluconazole.E-test strips (AB Biodisk, bioMérieux) impregnated with a gradient of fluconazole were placed onto a MM agar plates representing different iron availability (−Fe; +Fe, 30 µM; hFe,10 mM iron) and containing a lawn of conidia. Growth inhibition was measured after 48 h at 37°C by direct observation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyrdog4086uhfwqbtd8.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_26024.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Preoperative radiograph of a 14 year old with Prader-Willi syndrome. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4558840_Fig7_420371.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Histological changes in the spleen caused by the chimeric viruses. JSMFHNHerts (a), HertHNJS (c), HertFJS (d), HertMJS (e) and HertFHNJS (f) induced mild to moderate lymphocyte depletion and infiltration, similar to that caused by rHerts/33 (h). HertMFHNJS (g) caused severe splenic necrosis, similar to that induced by rJS5/05 (b). Magnification, ×200 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3853202_pone-0082512-g005_249443.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Nerve density in the induced endometrial implants demonstrated by performing immunohistochemistry for neurofilament (NF) L.Black arrows indicate the stained nerve fibers. Negative and positive (brain tissue) controls were included to assess the specificity of the immunostainings (magnification: x100 and x200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4370665_pone.0122327.g003_370800.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Laser speckle perfusion imaging shows dynamic changes in wound-site blood flow over time.(A) Perfusion was visualized as a two-dimensional color-coded map of blood flow (red = high; blue = low). Perfusion maps were acquired for all time points. A hashed line box representing the original wound size (1”x1”) was drawn on perfusion images to show changes in perfusion and wound size over time. (B and C) Mean perfusion at the wound edge (B) and wound bed (C) from all the time points are shown in the line graph. Data represent mean ± SD. (Scale bar = 1cm). (n = 3 pigs). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3237463_pone-0028575-g004_119152.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The alcA-myoV mutant loses polarity in the presence of benomyl when grown on repressive YUU medium.Cells were grown overnight at 32°C in YUU medium and in the presence of 2.4 µg/ml benomyl. Shown are a wild type strain (A) and the alcA-myoV mutant (B). The control in Panel C shows that the alcA-myoV mutant undergoes polarized growth when grown on glycerol medium in the presence of benomyl. All panels shown are at the same magnification. Bar, 5 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2080.jpg | What is present? | malignant thymoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3311143_F1_131337.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Case 1: singly distributed neoplastic cells showing salt-and-pepper chromatin consistent with a neuroendocrine neoplasm (×60 Papanicolaou stain). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4119648_fig1_311003.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a round pedunculated semimobile dense mass (1.6 cm ∗ 1.8 cm) in right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) with attachment to the base of the septum. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3961391_f1-ol-07-04-1225_275845.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (A) Chest radiography and computed tomography scans of the (B) chest and (C) abdominopelvis in February, 2009 revealed multiple metastatic nodules in the two lung fields, bilateral adrenal metastases and a metastatic lymph node ~1.6 cm in size adjacent to the liver resection margin. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3565365_f8-ijms-14-02056_184010.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Morphology of cross-section of COL scaffold and COL/DBP scaffolds cultured with PD cells under osteogenic medium for 28 days. (a) COL; (b) D125; (c) D250; (d) D500. (scale bar = 10 μm, magnification 1000×). Human PD cells are designated by arrow heads. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3106945_F2_97703.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Tensor component (Dvs) map from HARDI and a volume rendered image of the interseptum of a young rabbit heart (left) and an old rabbit heart (right). Dotted lines (red) indicate where sectioning occurred and dotted circles confine regions where the stripe pattern in observed. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4421077_fig4_383563.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Original images (a) and the corresponding images with additive Gaussian noise (b); denoised images: best result with GF (c), best result with MF (d), best result with PM filter (e), and best result with directional anisotropic diffusion filter (f). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3444400_F1_155420.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a left atrial mass (5.5 × 2.8 cm) before cardiac surgery (A), and a left atrial mass (3.2 × 3.1 cm) five months after surgical resection (B). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1ff708322qf95dpe.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, White |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00348.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI T1 image (sagittal view) non-contrast fat saturated showing fluid level |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4609155_Fig3_434304.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Radiographic documentation of an illustrative case assigned into group 2. a Anteropostorior pelvic radiograph depicting a displaced unilateral intracapsular femoral neck fracture (Pauwels 3, Garden IV) of the left hip following a simple low energy fall. The preexisting radiographic osteoarthritis of both hips was graded 3. b and c Postoperative radiographic documentation of the implanted hemiarthroplasty in two planes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvl90wk074yevu50hef.jpg | Where in the image is the anatomical landmark? | Center, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20572.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4570455_Fig1_423702.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Full 18F-FDG uptake nodule in a 68-year-old female. The whole-body PET (a) and axial PET (b), CT (c), and fused PET/CT images (d) show FDG accumulation in the nodule of the middle lobe of the right lung. The pathologic result was adenosquamous carcinoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4263809_Fig3_344023.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A true extraparenchymal saccular right renal artery aneurysm seen on MR (a, long white arrow) and angiography (b, black arrow) effectively managed with intraaneurysmal coil embolisation (c, white arrow) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwymdobc086ubgz0f95q.jpg | How many findings are present? | 0 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2940.jpg | What does this image show? | perineural invasion by a well differentiated adenocarcinoma |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66952.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Image showing lesion in distal left circumflex coronary artery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2273.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3862626_pone-0082422-g001_251783.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Assessment of total and regional T1 lesion volume in patients with multiple sclerosis.
A. T1 hypointense lesions are shown on a representative grayscale MPRAGE image (white arrows). B. Binary lesion map generated from outlined T1 hypointense lesions visualized in green. C. WM fiber tract atlas registered into native space of the MPRAGE image. D. Labeled lesion map derived from the binary lesion map after parcellation of the lesions with the use of the WM fiber tract atlas. The labeled lesion map was used to measure regional T1 white matter lesion volumes within each individual fiber bundle. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55773.jpg | is this a t1 weighted image? | yes |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4154868_ppat-1004325-g003_317975.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
Ncf1 mutation leads to severe lung damage in response to BCG infection.Hematoxylin and eosin-stained lung sections taken from mice sacrificed after 3 days (A, B) or 4 weeks (C) of BCG infection. (A, C) representative sections from wild-type (a and d), Ncf1 mutant (b and e) and Ncf1 rescue (c and f) mice. (B) Pleural histology from wild-type (a), Ncf1 mutant (b) and Ncf1 rescue (c) mice sacrificed 3 days after BCG infection. Magnifications were ×200 (panels A a–c and C a–c) and ×1000 (panels A d–f and C d–f) and ×600 (panel B). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01064.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Direct radiography of the sacroiliac joints showing bilateral sacroiliitis. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3711730_F1_217761.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Acute arterial mesenteric ischemia Contrast-enhanced MDCT 2D reconstruction on sagittal plane and US Color Doppler features (b) shows thrombosis with impairment in the blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_body/train_1340.jpg | Does this image show neural tube defect? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3769233_pone-0075155-g001_230705.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Striatal cultured neurons.Confocal overview of striatal cultures showing dendritic spine structure morphology (Upper). EGFP filled neurons in green; PSD-95-mCherry in red, including a zoomed in overlay along the dendrite shown in the white rectangle (Lower). Striatal neurons immunolabeled with Darpp-32 in green and PSD-95 in red. Scale bars: 5 µm and 1 µm (upper) and 1 µm (lower). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3526461_F2_174146.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | (A and B) Computed tomography; Parasagittal and axial view of the pelvis showing a cystic mass involving the right gluteus medius measuring 5x6cm with multiple daughter cysts inside the parent lesion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3882688_F3_256971.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Figure 3a–3b: Dislocation of the ISe band on SD-OCT associated with smaller sized flecks and with no significant decrease in visual sensitivity (patients ID 24 and 20). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4253092_F13_341166.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Pre-operative anteroposterior (AP) and lateral hip radiographs (A-B) demonstrating metaphyseal loosening of the femoral component. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_mouth/train_2172.jpg | What does this image show? | amelogenesis imperfecta |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2630926_F2_33107.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Arterial (A) and portal venous phase (B) of IV Gadlinium enhanced axial MRI images demonstrating a solitary 2 cm hypervascular nodule in segment VII (Arrow). A 4.5 cm nodule with similar enhancement characteristics is also noted in the left upper quadrant (Arrow). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4023499_F3_289414.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Comparison of three-dimensional ultrasound and HSG imaging in cases of intrauterine
lesions: A. Obliteration of the uterine cavity due to severe synechiae, B. Moderately extensive synechiae
involving ½ of the uterine cavity, C. Endometrial polyp in the fundal area, D. Marked distortion
and deformity of the uterine cavity caused by an intramural myoma bulging to the cavity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73841.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Coronary angiography with exclusion of calcification of the left main coronary artery. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3489543_F1_163925.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Brain MRI. A) Unenhanced turbo-spin-echo T1-weighted sagittal image documenting the space occupying lesion at the level of the left frontal convexity (white arrow).B) Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed turbo-spin-echo T1-weighted axial image. MRI documenting the space occupying lesions at the level of the right petrous apex (white arrow) and left cavernous sinus (black arrow). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3846147_F2_247028.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Microscopic tumor characteristics. (A) Proliferation of atypical short spindle or oval cells resembling high grade undifferentiated sarcoma. (B) Proliferating spindle cells containing elongated, blunt-ended nuclei and eosinophilic fibrillar cytoplasm with scattered enlarged and irregular nuclei. (C) The presence of a WDL component, showing mature-appearing adipose tissue and fibrous bands with irregular nuclei. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2931699_pone-0012501-g001_72533.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Histological features of prostate glands from young and old mice.Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of formalin-fixed prostate tissues from young (4 month-old) and old (24 month-old) mice. E: Luminal epithelium; S: Stroma adjacent to the epithelial cells (glandular-adjacent stroma). Note the thick glandular-adjacent cellular stroma (S, bracket) observed in dorsal and anterior lobe from young and old mice. AP insert: smooth-muscle cells (circled in white) appear less elongated and more rounded in the aged prostate with little evidence of cell orientation. Areas of inflammatory cell infiltration were observed frequently in the prostates of old animals (arrows). AP: anterior prostate; DP: dorsal prostate; LP: lateral prostate and VP: ventral prostate. (Magnification: 20×) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4647073_F2_444242.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Electron micrographs of the dentate gyrus molecular layer in controls (A,B), Pilo-treated (C,D) and CHX + Pilo-treated animals (E,F). (A,C,E) represent the inner molecular layer (IML). (B,D,F) represent the outer molecular layer (OML). Silver grain dots in the IML were only observed in Pilo-treated animals (C). These profiles have not been found in the outer molecular layer of any of the groups (B,D,F). Scale bar, 150 nm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3942891_F1_271729.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Photomicrographs showing representative injection sites in the medial geniculate body (MG). (A–C) Large injections of FluoroGold (A) or Fast Blue (B,C). (D) Small injection of green beads, confined to the ventral subdivision of the MG, visualized in a section that was also stained for cytochrome oxidase activity (combined fluorescence and brightfield image). (E,F) Injections of red beads into the ventral and dorsal MG (E) or suprageniculate subdivision (F). Experiment numbers (e.g., GP604) are shown for each panel. Transverse sections; scale bar = 0.5 mm. d, dorsal MG; m, medial MG; s, shell of MG; sg, suprageniculate MG; v, ventral MG. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4259135_fig6_342664.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Boundary calculation procedure. (a) IVUS image in Cartesian coordinate. (b) Transposed image of (a) into polar coordinate. (c) Filtered image of (b) by modified PMD filter. (d) Image separability of (c) by weighted image separability. (e) Search area by placed automatic seed points. (f) Plaque boundary calculation results by fuzzy inference. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4236662_F3_337425.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Representative pathologic images. (A) Control group. (B) Type 2 diabetic nephropathy group injected with saline. (C–F) Type 2 diabetic nephropathy group injected with 400 mg I/mL of contrast agent (C, 1 h; D, 24 h; E, 48 h; F, 72 h). Changes in the glomerulus, renal tubules, and interstitium can be easily seen at each time point in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy group following injection of the contrast agent . |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4646671_pone.0142891.g003_444068.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Confocal images of propidium iodide (PI) stained suspicious circulating elements obtained from SQCLC patients.The upper part of the figure shows a PI stained SCE with multiple green signals referring to multiple copies of FGFR1 gene (scale bar = 5 μm); the middle part shows a PI stained nucleus with EpCAM expression (scale bar = 5 μm) and the bottom part a PI stained nucleus with vimentin expression (scale bar = 10 μm) associated with two small leukocytes showing a faint cytoplasmic fluorescence. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4149355_pone-0099655-g003_316614.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Temporal sequence of folding in the presence of an inhibitor.Integrin-β1 inhibitor (AIIB2, 100 ng/ml); Rac1 inhibitor (Z62954982, 100 µM), ROCK inhibitor (Y27632, 10 µM); DMSO was used as a control for the Rac1 inhibitor. Each reagent was added at time zero. Orange lines represent the leading edges of the folding sheet. Numbers in the images denote the observation time (h). Bar = 100 µm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_penis/train_2507.jpg | What is labeled chancroid? | ulcerative lesions slide |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4381968_fig2_374066.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistological analysis of thymus using the double streptavidin-biotin peroxidase-labeled (brown staining)/alkaline phosphatase and antialkaline phosphatase (red staining) immunohistochemical procedures. Double immunostaining for (a) p-c-Jun (brown)/CD3 (red) (magnification ×200), (b) p-c-Jun (brown)/pancytokeratin (red) (magnification ×400), (c) p-c-Jun (brown)/pancytokeratin (red) (magnification ×400), (d) p-c-Jun (brown)/smooth muscle actin (red) (magnification ×200), (e) p-c-Jun (brown)/smooth muscle actin (red) (magnification ×200), and (f) p-STAT3 (brown)/CD123 (red) (magnification ×600). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1ps1e0z0832ex969caq.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4569299_pone.0137909.g003_423311.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative cases with LC defects in A) the M group (high myopia without glaucoma), B) the G group (glaucoma without high myopia), and C) the MG group (glaucoma with high myopia), respectively.Each panel shows (from left to right) infrared fundus images, OCT images, and SAP visual field printouts. The locations of the scan lines are shown as horizontal lines in infrared images (left panels). The arrows in OCT images show the locations of the defects (center panels). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_49756.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan of the chest 1 day after barium enema shows barium layering along the posterior part of the right pleural cavity |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2957200_fig2_76308.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemical analyzes and cell death staining of the cervical spinal cord. Schematic illustration of the transversal spinal cord (a). Cell death staining by FluoroJade and Gallyas are shown in (b) and (c) for BAsyn/PaKO. An example showed a cell positive for Gallyas and GFAP in adjacent slices ((c), (d)). Immunopositive structures of the cervical spinal cord for hm α-syn (with or without proteinase K), GFAP, Iba1, CATX, and CATS are shown for LM in (e)–(j) and for BAsyn/PaKO in (k)–(p). (q)–(v) are higher magnifications of (k)–(p). Scale bars: (e)–(p): 200 μm; (q) and (r): 10 μm, (s)–(v): 100 μm, and details of (s)–(v): 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3458011_pone-0046171-g004_157214.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Live images of homozygous R26-GR pre-implantation embryos at 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, morula and blastocyst stages.Scale bar: 25 µm. A 3D reconstructed movie taken on an E3.5 blastocyst is provided in the Movie S1. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy6dnqk086u0oz2a6m7.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Black, White |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4365400_f1_369206.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | SEM observation for a textured Si sample.Direct wet-etching process formed (a) a uniform pyramidal angle of 51°. However, the sizes are varied by each pyramid (b). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2772987_F9_49999.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Panel A shows flat and elevated duodenal adenomas in a FAP patient. These were proven by biopsy and endoscopic ultrasound to be free of cancer. Panel B - the polyps were removed by submucosal resection and polypectomy. Panel C - the polyp remnants had been destroyed by argon plasma coagulation (figures provided by Dr. M. Santo, Tel Aviv). Panel D shows a large polyp that developed, during pregnancy, in the ileo-anal pouch of a FAP patient. Panel E - the polyps had been removed by submucosal resection and polypectomy and remnants destroyed by argon plasma coagulation (figures provided by Dr. Z. Halpern, Tel Aviv). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_64819.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | False umbilical cord knot on color Doppler |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3506512_F2_168551.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative SEM images of the three types of stents at 1-week and 2-week follow-ups. SEM (magnification×200) at 7 days showed the greatest endothelialization rates in the GS group ( GS-7days ), and there was also a significant increase in endothelial strut coverage in the HCASES group ( HCASES-7 days) compared with the SES group (SES-7 days). At 14 days, Low-magnification SEM images (50×) showed thin endothelial coverage on the stent struts of the three different types , and regions of interest were photographed at further magnifications of 500× for direct visualization of ECs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4656244_Fig1_446786.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
a Coronal maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) MDCT image showing elongated and tortuous suprarenal IVC segment (open arrow) progressing with intrahepatic IVC segment b Axial MDCT image showing concurrent CA (asterisk)/CHA (arrow) at the base of the heart c Coronal MDCT image showing CHA draining into CA approximately at the level of thoracal 6 (T6) (arrow) d Coronal MDCT image showing retrocrural shunts (arrows) secondary to IVC agenesis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4005469_F1_284945.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The preoperative and postoperative images of CT and MRI. (a,b) The CT images display the CSDH. The arrowheads point to the calcified membranes. (c, d) The MRI images show the GBM (G) and the CSDH (H). (e, f) The CT images indicate the in-situ hemorrhages after removal of the GBM and CSDH. (g, h)The postoperative CT images of the secondary craniotomy. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3533769_fig03_175893.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Images of the feet. Panel (a) are plain radiographs. Arrows indicate soft tissue swelling corresponding to the tophi in the three-dimensional reconstruction of the dual energy computed tomography (DECT) image shown in panel (b). In panel (b), gouty tophi are in green and brown colors. Panel (c) is an magnetic resonance coronal view. Arrow shows a mass corresponding to gout tophus around the first metatarsophalangial joint shown in the DECT image. Panel (d) is a positron emission tomography/computed tomography image. The yellow and red colors represent intense 2-fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose emission. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4036473_f5-0070659_292346.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | BRICHOS colocalizes with Aβ42 in the fly brain and binds to Aβ42 fibrils formed in vitro. Immunostaining for (A) Aβ42 (6E10 antibody; green), (B) BRICHOS (anti-BRICHOS antiserum; red) and (C) both Aβ42 and BRICHOS in the brain of an Aβ42×1 + BRICHOS fly, using confocal microscopy at 63× magnification, with DAPI (blue) as counterstaining for nuclei. (D) 3 μM of Aβ42 was co-incubated with 0.7 molar equivalents of recombinant BRICHOS at 37°C overnight and an aliquot was analyzed by immuno-gold labeling for BRICHOS and electron microscopy. Scale bars: (C) 20 μm; (D) 200 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2747450_F0034_46565.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Myometrial contraction (arrow) causes underestimation of the amniotic fluid volume |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic17481.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | intrathoracic kidney |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3904990_pone-0087256-g003_262198.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Morphology of HEWL aggregates.Observed morphology of HEWL aggregates after incubation in pH 12.2 (unless indicated otherwise) for 12 hours observed using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy with indicated monomer concentrations is shown. A: 3 µM; B: 120 µM; C: 0.3 µM; D: 120 µM; E: 0.3 µM; F: 3 µM in pH 7; G: 0.3 µM; H: fibril in ‘G’ rescanned at higher magnification; Scale bar = 100 nm. Heights in Z-axis for all images were within 0—2 nm. See images of amyloid fibrils after 3 weeks in Figure S4. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3265477_pone-0030493-g002_123341.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | DEN-induced tumors in BMT mice.(A) Gross pathology of a representative lung cancer. (B) Gross pathology of a representative liver cancer. Representative H&E staining sections for adenocarcinoma of the lung (C), hepatocellular carcinoma (D), squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (E), and nasopharyngeal cancer (F). Magnification, ×20 (C, D, E, and F). Scale bars, 50 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4698516_F1_458384.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Selaginella
nanuzae Valdespino. A Section of upper surface of stem B Upper surface of median leaf C Close-up of base and proximal portion of median leaf, upper surface; note marginal (a) and submarginal (b) stoma, and outer base tufted with long cilia (c) D Close-up of distal portion and apex of median leaf, upper surface E Section of upper surface of stem F Close-up of outer half of median leaf, upper surface G Close-up-of inner half of median leaf, upper surface H Lower surface of median leaf. A–H taken from the holotype, Salino et al. 7788 (PMA). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_74203.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Anterior-posterior postoperative radiograph of univers total shoulder replacements with a metal-backed glenoid component |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4466257_pone.0129912.g008_396368.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Magnetic resonance angiography with 3D rendering and silicon-computed tomography angiography of the petrosquamosal fissure.Upper row: Maximum Intensity Projection of axial magnetic resonance angiography partitions (slab at the occipito-cerebellar border (B) mid-sagittal T2w slice used as a reference,) and 3D rendering of silicon-enhanced computed tomography angiography as seen from (C) inside and (D) outside of the skull. (E), (F), (G) Lower row: Axial computed tomography slices in caudo-cranial sequence showing the exit from the brain of most of the transverse sinus blood through the petrosquamosal fissure (arrows), then joining the external jugular system. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4453048_Fig1_392785.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Radiological evaluation. Left: T1-weighted MRI scan showing a lesion in the medial mesencephalic region with heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Center: early postoperative CT scan showing gross total removal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4011599_F1_286205.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histology of colonic mucosa in rat model of DMH-induced colorectal cancerResuming scheme reporting the histology of normal mucosa (NM), IBD, dysplasia and colorectal cancer and the timing of the sequential steps during DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in BDIX rats, compared with human tissues. Sections from rat colon resected from the 6th to the 30th week after the first DMH administration were subjected to histological examination, and compared to human specimens diagnosed as IBD, low grade dysplasia (LD), high grade dysplasia (HD), in situ carcinoma (IS) or advanced carcinoma (K). Colon from untreated animals or normal colon biopsy specimens were used as reference for normal mucosa (NM) morphology. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06294.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The standard thalamic subnuclei templates were created according to Talairach template. AN, anterior nucleus; DM, doromedial nucleus; VA, ventral anterior nucleus; VL, ventral lateral nucleus; VPL, ventral posterior lateral nucleus; VPM, ventral posterior medial nucleus |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2700446_F0003_40492.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Histology from left lower lobe transbronchial biopsy; (A) hematoxylin and eosin ×10, (B) synaptophysin immunohistochemistry ×40 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76187.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Chest CT scan using contrast substance is showing a filling gap at the level of left branch of pulmonary artery consistent with pulmonary thrombembolism |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3185015_pone-0025641-g002_110763.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Rspo1 promotes XX germ cells meiosis.Upper panel: Oct4 expression is maintained in XX Rspo1 mutant gonads. Oct4 whole-mount in situ hybridization at E14.5 in XY, XX control and XX Rspo1−/− fetal gonads. Middle panels: Downregulation of meiotic markers in XX Rspo1 mutant gonads. Immunodetection of SCP3 in E14.5 gonads and of γH2AX and MVH in E16.5 gonads. DAPI (blue): nuclei. Lower panel: Quantification of meiotic germ cells in XX Rspo1+/− and Rspo1−/− gonads at E14.5 (SCP3) and E16.5 (γH2AX). Bars represent mean+1 SEM, n = 15 sections of each genotype. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4287046_f2_349064.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Radiograph of limbs shows Erlenmeyer flask deformity of distal femur and generalized increased bone density with the obliteration of the marrow cavity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24161.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Sagittal proton-density–weighted fast spin echo image of the left knee in a 22-year-old male patient with a bucket handle tear of the medial meniscus shows the displaced anterior horn (arrow) which lies posterior to its root insertion (arrowhead). Note the relatively thick intermeniscal ligament (small arrow) that normally connects both anterior horns of the menisci as well as the small non-displaced remnant of the posterior horn |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4258048_Fig1_342343.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
A 74-year female with advanced valgus deformity of the right knee joint. a. The preoperative hip-to-ankle standing radiography showing significant genu valgus deformity with preoperative anatomical axis of 16.1°. b. Radiograph after total knee replacement with a cruciate-retaining type prosthesis. c. Radiograph of post-operative patella axial view after total knee replacement with a cruciate-retaining type prosthesis. d. Postoperative radiograph showing complete restoration of limb alignment after undergoing CN-TKA. |
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