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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05624.jpg
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Macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the left eye following therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3004089_F0002_81628.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Anteroposterior radiographs (a) and computed tomography scan of hip (b) at time of presentation showing dramatic destruction of the right hip joint with fragmented bone debris in place
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4353303_F3_365253.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
Regions in which effects represent a decrease in activity during stimulation trials relative to the sham trials. Legend represents the presence and direction of the effect, not p or t values.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4676331_rbv017-F1_452895.jpg
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Clinical photographs illustrating the condition of experimental site: (a) before tooth extraction; (b) during tooth extraction.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4657089_fig2_447136.jpg
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Abdomen CT coronal view: (a) atretic intrahepatic IVC, (b) IVC venous varix, (c) thrombosed IVC, and (d) aorta.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61139.jpg
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Axial CT image FD presents as "ground-glass" appearance on CT and there is a cystic and solid mass of sella turcica.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1189072_pgen-0010019-g005_2837.jpg
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MO Injection Experiments against Su(fu), Hip, and Ptc2(A) Dorsal view of the eye showing the lens in the eye chamber.(B–D) Dorsal view of embryos injected with the indicated MOs, resulting in a phenocopy of dre, uki, and lep mutants.(E) A wild-type ear showing the presence of the dorsolateral septum (arrow), which is not present after injections with the indicated MOs (F–H, arrow).(I) Injections with control MOs against the initiation codon of Su(fu) results in chevron-shaped somites with an angle of 97°.(J) Injection of MOs against Su(fu) results in a more obtuse angle of the somite (126°).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3564399_fig01_183731.jpg
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Photomicrographs showing PPH3 stained bona fide (A) and non-mitotic figures (B) (P, Prophase; M, Metaphase; A, Anaphase; T, Telophase; Tri, Tripolar mitotic figure; F, fine granular staining; N, intact nuclear membrane).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4123979_pone-0104533-g001_311982.jpg
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Brain MRI images of the proband showing characteristic diffuse leukoencephalopathy.T2-weighted MRI images (A–C) showed diffuse hyperintensities in the periventricular white matter with a symmetrical distribution, the centrum semiovale, and the basal ganglia. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2 sequences (D–F) revealed confluent white-matter lesions in multiple brain regions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence (G) demonstrated acute ischemic stroke in the centrum semiovale. MR angiography (H) revealed no intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26387.jpg
what is most alarming about this ct scan?
acute appendicitis
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3078938_pone-0019099-g002_92772.jpg
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Combined analysis of threshold manipulated MIP and volume rendered data yields greater understanding of vascular networks.All images are of the same Microfil perfused adult mouse liver vasculature. (A) MIP and (B) volume rendered vasculature with thresholds manipulated to highlight the major vessels. (C) MIP and (D) volume rendered vasculature with thresholds manipulated to visualize total vasculature.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2954.jpg
What does this image show?
vasculitis
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3555079_F5_181438.jpg
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β2C effect on branching is dendritic specific and is maintained in developing rat hippocampal neurons in culture. (A) Epifluorescence (e) and TIRF (t) images of a typical β2C expressing neuron at 7 DIV (24 h from transfection) and stained for MAP2 and Phalloidin (PH) in order to visualize dendritic processes. (B) While dendritic arborization is expanded in (A), in control neurons expressing ECFP the effect is not visible. (C) β2C expressing neurons at 15 DIV (i.e., 9 days from transfection) maintain enhanced dendritic arborization. (A–C): arrows point to probable axons identified by near absence of MAP2 staining. Scale bars: 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4593344_Fig4_429669.jpg
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Microscopic findings of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) with malignant transformation (hematoxylin-eosin staining × 100). On microscopic examination, HCA is composed of uniform benign-appearing hepatocytes (A), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprises tumor cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with nuclear irregularities and plates more than two cells in thickness (B).
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2513.jpg
Does this image show good example of nodule protruding into bladder?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4156987_fig2_318525.jpg
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Coronal view of fused 18F-FDG PET/CT image of a culture proven not infected vascular prosthetic graft. In this particular case, a 45-year-old male patient underwent emergency surgery by placement of a Viabahn in the left common iliac artery because of rupture. He was admitted to the hospital 6 weeks later with fever and sepsis. 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning showed increased FDG uptake at the level of the left iliac artery. Ultimately, no bacteria were cultured from the graft under antibiotic therapy.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3744471_pone-0072118-g004_224946.jpg
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Cellular localization of BODIPY-DIF-3 in HeLa cells.(A) Cells were incubated for 0.5 h with BODIPY-DIF-3 (20 µM), Hoechst (0.1 µg/ml) and MitoTracker (0.1 µM), washed free of the additives, and observed by using a high-magnification fluorescence microscope. (B–D) Cells were incubated for 1–3 days with BODIPY-DIF-3 (20 µM) and then for 0.5 h with Hoechst (0.1 µg/ml) and MitoTracker (0.1 µM). Cells were washed free of the additives and observed by using a high-magnification fluorescence microscope. Three-dimensional (3D) images were constructed from z-stacked 2D images, and two representative 2D-projections of the 3D images are shown (A–D). BODIPY-DIF-3 and MitoTracker co-localized to the mitochondria.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14811.jpg
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Initial radiographic view
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4127232_fig1_312582.jpg
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The assessment of intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in the carotid artery. (a) Radiofrequency-based quality intima-media thickness. (b) Radiofrequency-based quality arterial stiffness. The arrows indicate the inferior end of the carotid bulb and the double-arrow lines show a distance of 1 cm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4423146_Fig1_384196.jpg
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Orbital computed tomographic scans showing leiomyoma. (A) Coronal image. (B) Axial image. These computed tomographic scans reveal a well-defined soft tissue mass in the anterosuperior aspect of the right orbit (arrows in A and B). The mass is displacing the eyeball anteroinferiorly (A). The lesion reveals mild enhancement with intravenous contrast dye and is displacing the medial rectus muscle laterally (B). The left eyeball and rectobulbar spaces are normal.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glks4lb071u2xo3309v.jpg
What type of procedure is the image taken from?
Colonoscopy
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3584718_F3_188908.jpg
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Morphological and electrical properties of EPL interneurons in the MOB. (A1) and (A2) Reconstruction of CRH+ EPL interneurons labeled via biocytin fill. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B1) and (B2) Reconstruction of CRH+ EPL interneurons labeled via AAV (flexed ChR2) injection into a CRH-Cre mouse. Scale bar, 10 μm. (C) Sholl analysis of CRH+ EPL interneurons, n = 10. Error bars represent SEM. (D–I) β-spectrin staining in CRH-Cre; ROSA-lox-stop-lox-tdTomato mice. (G–I) are high magnification images from the inset shown in (F). Scale bar (D–F), 50 μm; (G–I), 15 μm. All the images are from coronal sections. Red fluorescence is directly from tdTomato without antibody enhancement.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2984.jpg
Is cranial artery present?
no
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3820618_fig3_241699.jpg
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Confocal microscopy images of fragmented and malformed cortical actin cytoskeleton observed in the roots of 4-to-7-days-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing the moderately toxic actin marker, GFP-tagged mouse talin, in a genetic background lacking the Class II outlier formin AtFH12. Corresponding tissue from a wild-type (wt) isogenic seedling is shown in the right bottom corner. Modified from [138]; confocal images obtained by the author.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_baby/train_2623.jpg
What is present?
cytomegalic inclusion virus infection in infant
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2722669_F8_43054.jpg
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Contrasting regulation of tight junctions among VHL mutants of different disease types in RCC10. RCC10 cells lines (as indicated; all created by retroviral infection) were grown to confluence on coverslips and immunostaining for ZO-1 (left panels) was performed (original magnification of 1000×). DAPI labeled nuclei of corresponding cells are also shown (right panels).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3954889_pone-0092932-g002_274186.jpg
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Acute HFD activates c-Fos in specific nucleus of mesolimbic pathway.Panel A shows a schematic diagram of the brain regions under study in a coronal section of the mouse brain (left column) and representative microphotographs of c-Fos immuno-staining of control, HFD-ad lib and HFD-pair-fed groups. Upper, middle and bottom line of images show the NAc (core and shell), the CeA and the LHA, respectively. Scale bar: 100 μm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4550408_pone.0135607.g005_417810.jpg
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3D modeling of MBα-pimo distribution in mammary gland carcinoma. A) Single slice images taken from a 3D imaging sequence in B-mode (left). Single slice images taken from a 3D imaging sequence depicting the differential targeted expression (d.T.E) (right). B) Three-dimensional contrast projection of 3D stack image data from hypoxia targeted, MBα-pimo, contrast signal collected in a rear-limb 4T1 tumor. Images (0.152mm/slice) generated using Visualsonics imaging system and post-processed using the Huygens essential software.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36237.jpg
in what plane is this image taken?
axial
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3580914_fig1_187652.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Radiographic images and schematic of vascular injury.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3997698_f2-ol-07-05-1439_283741.jpg
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Morphological changes in HSC-3 and SAS cells. Cells were cultured in medium containing 0, 10 and 100 ng/ml EGF for six days. Images were captured using light microscopy at a magnification of ×40. EGF, epidermal growth factor.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2000908_F4_13952.jpg
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Representative cryo electron micrographs (Cryo-EM) of buckysomes. Both unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles are seen. The scale bars in A, B, C, are 100 nm; D, E are 200 nm. Image C is a 45° tilt of B. The bilayer diameter is ~6.5 nm. Buckysomes were prepared in 10 mM citrate at pH 7.0 at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. (see Methods for detailed methodology on sample preparation).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73896.jpg
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CT showed an air-fluid collection in the urachus (white arrow).
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36205.jpg
is this a contrast or noncontrast ct?
contrast
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2298.jpg
What does this image show?
wrights stain pleomorphic leukemic cells in peripheral blood prior to therapy
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2777375_pone-0008014-g004_50851.jpg
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Histolological assessment of intestine after Irradiation.H&E staining demonstrates increased crypt depth and increased villi thickness in AdRspo1-treated animals following exposure to WBI. BrdU immunohistochemistry demonstrates higher crypt cell proliferation after AdRspo1 treatment when compared to AdLacZ cohorts. Finally, TUNEL staining demonstrates a decrease in the rate of TUNEL-positive, apoptotic cells in AdRspo1-treated mice post-WBI, when compared to intestinal lumen of AdLacZ-treated mice.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3444921_F2_155603.jpg
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Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan: transversal section (A) frontal plane bi-dimensional reconstruction (B). Image shows a 91×80×71mm aneurysm of the descending aorta.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3171297_F2_108147.jpg
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Fluorescence reflectance imaging of stink bug damaged cotton bolls with long wavelength UV lamp illumination. The circular blue-green spots in Panels A and B are the stink bug puncture wounds. The piercing holes are visible on some spots while invisible on some other spots. In Panel B, the damaged top tissue layers were removed over the circular blue-green spots.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4330236_Fig9_358850.jpg
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A 64-year-old man with papillary RCC of the left kidney. The nephrographic phase of the axial CE-CT demonstrates a homogeneously low attenuation mass (arrow)
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3022012_pone-0014498-g001_84365.jpg
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Dynamic morphology of Ramos B cells.Selected frames from live microscopic imaging of RTX-Al488 coated Ramos cells (Videos S1). Ramos cells were able to adhere to the substratum by the formation of a uropod as seen at the first time of observation (0 min), and at 10 and 15 minutes afterwards. RTX-Al488 (green) was enriched at uropods, while being depleted from the opposite, mobile end. Scale bar 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3598560_F6_191912.jpg
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a The lateral view of Patient 1 in Group I shows an L3 vertebral compression fracture and an intact T12 before the operation. b T12 was further collapsed at the three-month follow-up. c The recent T12 fracture remains at the one-year follow-up. d Anteroposterior view, preoperative radiograph. e Anteroposterior view, three-month follow-up. f Anteroposterior view, one-year follow-up.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3712715_cancers-04-00777-f010_218118.jpg
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(A,B) Microscopic feature of small cell lung cancer infiltrate in a bioptical obtained specimen with high mitotic rate. (C,D) Small cell lung cancer in higher magnification with malignant small cells with scant cytoplasm and defined cell borders, fine granular nuclear chromatin, absent or inconspicuous nucleoli, focal or extensive necrosis.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4483253_Fig2_400651.jpg
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Muscle biopsies of patients #1 and #3. a–b Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain showing sarcocysts within the muscle fibers. c Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II): inflammatory cell infiltrate around sarcocyst (asterisk). d HE stain showing endomysial inflammatory cell infiltrate with eosinophils (arrows). Scale bars, a–c 40 μM; d 160 μM
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75511.jpg
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Case 3. Preoperative lateral X-LWK showing no signs of intervertebral bone formation.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4396082_Fig3_377844.jpg
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Clinical features of patients who underwent cell transplantation. Slit-lamp photographs of successful transplants in patient 2 (A, B) and patient 14 (C, D) before treatment (A, C) and at last follow-up—(B) 5.6 years and (D) 1.9 years—with restoration of an intact transparent corneal epithelium and reduced vascularisation (B). Notably, a localised region of superior-temporal whorl-like staining (obscured by the eyelid) was evident on clinical examination in patient 14 (D). Slit-lamp photographs of failed transplants in patient 8 (E, F) and patient 13 (G, H) before treatment (E, G) and at last follow-up—(F) 2.6 years and (H) 2 years—with an irregular corneal epithelium and recurrence of epithelial defects.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/illus_process/train_0816.jpg
Are the two red cell enzyme defects, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase, shown bold?
yes
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43196.jpg
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Anterior segment ultrasound showing anteriorly rotated ciliary processes
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4128658_pone-0103723-g003_312738.jpg
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IHC assay showing the changes of Hsp90α immunostaining in burned mouse skin.(A) Unwound normal skin showed a few positive Hsp90α stainings. (C, E) Epidermal and dermal tissues after burn injury appeared more positive brownish stainings, indicating that Hsp90α was induced after the burn stimulation. In addition, Hsp90α level was the highest at 12 h post-treatment (C) and somewhat decreased at 48 h (E). Magnification of red boxed areas in (A), (C) and (E) was shown as (B), (D)and (F), respectively.
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3109401_fig2_98106.jpg
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Pulmonary vein wedge angiography. In panel (a) balloon occlusion with hand contrast injection demonstrates opacification of the distal branches of the right upper pulmonary artery (RUPA) and in panel (b) the levophase of the wedge angiogram shows normal right upper pulmonary vein (RUPV) drainage into the left atrium (LA). Panel (c) shows normal opacification of the distal branches of the left lower pulmonary artery (LLPA) with wedge angiography. However, during the levophase in panel (d), there is abnormal drainage of the left lower pulmonary vein (LLPV) with contrast persisting in the LLPA and the absence of contrast media in the LA diagnostic of PVOD.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic61076.jpg
what is the plane?
axial
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3596097_F2_191329.jpg
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Rear half of Omp85Ngo is required for mitochondrial targeting but the last quarter of the protein is not sufficient to mediate importThe scheme on the left-hand side shows the protein part exchanges performed between Omp85Ngo and BamAEco; indicated in the boxes are the numbers of the amino acid residues of each protein present in the chimeric constructs Omp851/2BamA1/2, BamA1/2Omp851/2, Omp853/4BamA1/4, BamA3/4Omp851/4, Omp851/2BamA1/4Omp851/4 and BamA1/2Omp851/4BamA1/4. All constructs have an N-terminal FLAG-tag and do not contain the bacterial signal sequence. HeLa cells were transfected with these plasmids, labelled using the Δψ-sensitive dye MitoTracker (red) and an antibody against the FLAG-tag (green) and analysed by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars represent 100 μm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1352.jpg
What does this image show?
pulmonary thromboemboli
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qo1f0r08325f6l18rt.jpg
Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?
No
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4041040_F3_293317.jpg
Examine the image closely and share its details
Lateral radiographs of the head. Lateral radiographs of the head were obtained in three head and neck positions. Left: extended head and neck position. Middle: neutral head and neck position. Right: flexed head and neck position. The pharyngeal diameter was defined as the shortest distance between the epiglottis and the roof of the pharynx (double-headed arrow). The metallic markers (M) were used to calculate the amplification factor as described by Cehak et al. [16].
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_21650.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Postoperative inlet view radiograph of the Case 2 showing the reduction of the dislocation
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3706423_pone-0068622-g003_216737.jpg
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A patient with pathologically proven laryngeal carcinoma in the left vocal cord and mild dysplasia in the right vocal cord.A: Laryngostroboscopy showed a 5 × 6-mm mass in the left vocal cord and rough mucosa in the anterior right vocal cord suspected to be bilateral laryngeal carcinoma in the vocal cords. B: DWI-suggested lesions were identified in the bilateral vocal cords (b = 1000 s/mm2). C: Consequently, the corresponding ADC map reveals hypointense of lesions in the left vocal cord. (ADC = 1.26×10−3 mm2/s), and hyperintense of lesions in the right vocal cord(ADC = 1.67×10−3 mm2/s).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_63792.jpg
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Axial T2W image showing evidence of central hyperdensity in the spinal cord – Syrinx (On the 10th day of admission)
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4016743_fig06_287595.jpg
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SK2 subunit mRNA expression in the postnatal rat brain. X-ray images of sagittal (A,C,E–G,I,K) and horizontal (B,D,H,J,L) sections at postnatal stages P1, P3, P6, P12, and P24 showing strong SK2 hybridization signals in the olfactory system, cerebral cortex (Cx), hippocampus (Hi), and cerebellum (Cb). For details on the distribution see Table5. Control sections (K,L) were hybridized in the presence of 100-fold excess cold oligonucleotide, showing a uniformly low, nonspecific labeling. For abbreviations see list. Scale bar = 4 mm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1479417_pmed-0030233-g003_5740.jpg
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)MRA shows the left MCA occluded by a thrombus at its origin (white arrow). This technique uses MR to demonstrate blood vessels within the central nervous system.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2746602_fig3_46319.jpg
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Influence of DR on microvessel density and apoptosis in the CT-2A brain tumour. DR was initiated 7 days before intracerebral tumour implantation and was continued for 11 days. H&E stained tumour sections in an AL mouse (A) and in a DR mouse (B) (100×). Factor VIII immunostaining from the tumour grown in an AL mouse (C) and in a DR mouse (D) (200×). TUNEL positive apoptotic cells (arrows) from the tumour grown in an AL mouse (E) and in a DR mouse (F) (400×). Each stained section was representative of the entire tumour. All images were produced from digital photography.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3897719_pone-0086538-g001_260078.jpg
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Loss of CD34 in a subset of aging capillaries.Eyes from two donors are depicted, ages 85 (A–C) and 88 (D–F). Large vessel endothelial cells showed retention of CD34 expression. Arrows in D–F indicate choriocapillaris vessels with greatly reduced CD34 reactivity. Large vessels (arrowheads) retained expression. Green fluorescence, anti-CD34 labeling; red fluorescence, UEA-I; blue fluorescence, DAPI. Scalebar = 50 µm.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50157.jpg
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Presurgical orthopantomograph showing radiolucent multilobulated lesion, which covers the mandibular ascending ramus and left condyle.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2409354_F3_23695.jpg
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Photomicrograph of the renal biopsy showing prominent fibrocellular crescent formation. Chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrosis is also evident in the interstitium. Periodic acid-Schiff stain.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03743.jpg
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Postoperative T2-Weighted MRI Scan of Patient with Multiple Sclerosis Following a Cervical Laminectomy C5, C6, C7 Followed by C2-T2 Fusion. The study demonstrated chronic cord atrophy and marked focal intracord T2 hyperintensity from C4-C7, most prominent at/immediately below the C45 level. A central less intense signal was seen at C3 without cord expansion/pathological enhancement, consistent with the history of MS and chronic myelomalacia. Excellent decompression of the spinal canal was seen at all levels without recurrent/residual spinal stenosis/extrinsic cord deformity
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59563.jpg
in what plane is this mri?
axial
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1475638_F8_5612.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of surfactant protein A on formaldehyde fixed paraffin sections of rat lungs during normal postnatal development on day 3 (A), day 6 (C) and day 10 (E) and after exposure to hyperoxia on day 3 (B), 6 (D) and 10 (F) at a 200-fold magnification. a = alveolus, br = bronchus, bv = blood vessel, s = saccule, tb = terminal bronchus.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1188.jpg
Does this image show lung, histoplasma pneumonia?
yes
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3458113_pone-0045074-g005_157369.jpg
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L-type VGCC and caveolin-1 colocalization.(a)–(c) Confocal images of L-type calcium channel staining of SCG cells cultured on 2D surface (a), 3D scaffolds (b) and in freshly dissected SCG tissue (c). Arrows point to one cell. (d)–(f) Confocal images of caveolin-1 (caveolar protein) from SCG cells cultured on 2D surface (d), 3D scaffolds (e) and in freshly dissected SCG tissue (f). (g)–(i) are the super-imposed image of VGCC and caveolin-1 staining, yellow indicates that VGCC protein and caveolin-1 are colocalized. Scale bars are 20 µm.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3436703_F2_153669.jpg
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MRI at 3 y. 4 mo. of age. Axial spin echo T2 WI (A), axial gradient echo T2 WI (B) and coronal T2 weighted (C) sections showing chronic bilateral cerebellar haemorrhagic infarctions as encephalomalacia and loss of parenchyma (asterisks). Note hemosiderin (white arrow). D, E: Axial spin echo T2 images showing chronic-appearing lacunar infarctions in subcortical white matter of the right frontal lobe (short black arrow) and peripheral pons (black arrow). No osmotic demyelination features in central pontine fibers. F: Axial diffusion weighted image reveals no restricted diffusion in central pons.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4088925_F5_304676.jpg
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Side-by-side comparison of C4 and C4bp stainings in the same placental samples. C4 is deposited in syncytial knots, visible as bright clusters but also in the syncytia of selected villi. C4bp is observed in syncytial bodies. C4bp is not observed in a circumferential pattern of the syncytium. C4 and C4bp are both observed in fibrinoid structures [here in control panels (G,C)]. Top row (A,E): early-onset PE. Middle top row (B,F): late-onset PE. Middle bottom row (C,G): control. Bottom row (D,H): negative control (antibody I omitted). 20× magnification.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3469360_F4_159849.jpg
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Follow-up computed tomography. The majority of changes continued to improve to almost normal over the next two-and-a-half years.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2924.jpg
What is present?
testicle
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4356411_f1-ol-09-04-1520_366555.jpg
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Contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed at the time of admission. A tumor 30 mm in size was observed in the S2 liver segment (arrowheads). A high density was indicated inside the tumor in the arterial phase (arrows), while a low density was indicated in the portal and delayed phases. (a) Plain; (b) arterial phase; (c) portal phase; (d) delayed phase.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2078590_F4_14905.jpg
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Chest radiography with reexpanded left lung and decreased pulmonary edema.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00093.jpg
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Anterior uveitis with cystoid macular edema.In a 57-year-old female with quiescent anterior uveitis, peripheral vessel leakage and cystoid macular edema were detected.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4625559_Fig2_438723.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Radiographic evaluation. a at the extration date - preoperative view; (b) defect after the extraction; (c) grafted area with MinerOss and Mem-Lock membrane at 120 days post-operative
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4119382_fig04_310921.jpg
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Human mitral valve: immunofluorescence labelling shows telocytes (TCs). Laser scanning confocol microscopy: CD34 and c-kit double immunofluorescence labelling showing (A) CD34 (green), (B) c-kit (red) and (C) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. CD34 and vimentin double immunofluorescence labelling showing (D) CD34 (green), (E) vimentin (red) and (F) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. CD34 and PDGF Receptor-β double immunofluorescence labelling showing (G) CD34 (green), (H) PDGFR-β (red) and (I) co-localization (yellow) in a telocyte. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue). Original magnification 400×; scale bar = 20 μm.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3797776_pone-0077294-g001_238146.jpg
What is shown in this image?
Illustration of top and bottom regions (inside dashed rectangles) used for calculating the eye-scanning measures.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4222045_F1_333285.jpg
Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner
Treatment and follow-up of a distal femoral fracture. (A) Preoperative radiographic AP view of a distal femur fracture with external fixation. (B) The lateral view shows the sagittal alignment of the fragments. (C,D) Postoperative radiographs confirm reduction quality and implant position. (E,F) Callus formation and cortical continuity demonstrate ongoing fracture healing.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25317.jpg
what is the plane of the image?
axial
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3088002_F0003_94548.jpg
Provide a brief description of the given image.
T2W axial magnetic resonance image in a 10-year-old child showing bilateral symmetrical subtle hyperintense lesions (arrow) in the white matter
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4225475_fig03_334480.jpg
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General control nonderepressible-2-dependent translational control of atf-5 under amino acid limitation. Confocal images of N2 or gcn-2(ok871) worms, both carrying a translational fusion of atf-5::gfp, fed Control or krs-1(RNAi) expressing bacteria. The images show 1-day adults fed with each RNAi from eggs (P0) or their L3-arrested progeny (F1) in krs-1(RNAi) worms. White arrows indicate fluorescent nuclei; white arrowheads show regions of autofluorescence. All images were taken at 20× magnification under the same microscopy settings (scale bar: 50 μm).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4660684_Fig10_447991.jpg
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Scutellarin enhanced TNF-α expression in astrocytes after MCAO. TNF-α expression (red) was absent in astrocytes in the sham (A1–3). It was induced in GFAP positive astrocytes (green) at 3 and 7 days (B1–3) after MCAO, but the expression subsided at 14 days (D1–3). In MCAO rats treated with scutellarin (C1–3, E1–3). TNF-á expression in astrocytes was markedly enhanced being most pronounced at 7 days when compared with the matching MCAO control groups (B1–3, D1–3). Scale bars: 50 µm. DAPI-blue
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3335535_fig2_135145.jpg
Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.
Lymph node biopsy showing giant cells and caseation in H/E stain by 400x.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0881.jpg
What are also present?
a few multinucleate tumour giant cells
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00464.jpg
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Axial computerized tomography scan revealed dilated long retained left ureteral stump
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3965157_f2-etm-07-04-0982_276435.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
Postoperative pathological results of the lesions. (A) Ovarian pathology following cytoreductive surgery (H&E staining; magnification, ×400). (B) CA-125 expression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (immunohistochemical staining; magnification, ×400). (C) Splenic pathology following splenectomy (H&E staining; magnification, ×200). H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; CA-125, cancer antigen-125.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvs9158074y7xp278o9.jpg
Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image?
Z-line
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic44902.jpg
what is the primary abnormality in this image?
renal arteriovenous malformation
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2739494_F0004_45100.jpg
What is shown in this image?
(a) X-ray of the elbow (lateral view) showing implant cut out. X-ray (anteroposterior (b) and lateral views (c)) of the same patient showing union of fracture in elongation.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1566.jpg
Does this image show monocyte in intima?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2908072_F1_69411.jpg
Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see
Microscopic appearance and immunohistochemical features of the tumor. A) Representative area of the core needle biopsy specimen showing a homogeneous plasmacytoid appearance of the tumor cells (H&E; ×100 magnification). B) Desmin and C) CD99 strong immunoreactivity (×200 magnification). D) S100 and E) HMB-45 immunohistochemical staining (×200 magnification). F) Representative area of the resection specimen showing nests of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm divided by thin fibrous septa (×100 magnification).
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv28zz4074ydaumfq5d.jpg
Where in the image is the anatomical landmark?
Center, Center-right, Upper-center, Upper-right, Lower-center, Lower-rigth
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04024.jpg
Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown.
X-Ray demonstrating the access capability of the ultrassonic handpiece with the CVD bur.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl2s3rf071u3bj0eu8m.jpg
What color is the abnormality?
Pink, Red, White, Yellow
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3956520_fig7_274501.jpg
Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image.
Histological specimen R, using cold-blade scalpel, colour EE, magnification from original 40x.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2817010_f2_56293.jpg
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Typical appearance of kidney-shaped and biconvex lenses. Panels A and B each show a single “slice” from the central region of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan: a nonkidney- shaped lens (A) and a kidney-shaped lens (B). Panels C and D show MRI3dX mesh models of the lenses from two eyes: a lens with a normal biconvex appearance (C) and a lens showing a depression the anterior surface, characteristic of kidney-shaped lenses (D). The scale bar in panel D is only an approximation since the true dimensions are altered due to the presentation in perspective.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4123979_pone-0104533-g001_311986.jpg
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Brain MRI images of the proband showing characteristic diffuse leukoencephalopathy.T2-weighted MRI images (A–C) showed diffuse hyperintensities in the periventricular white matter with a symmetrical distribution, the centrum semiovale, and the basal ganglia. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2 sequences (D–F) revealed confluent white-matter lesions in multiple brain regions. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence (G) demonstrated acute ischemic stroke in the centrum semiovale. MR angiography (H) revealed no intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3485490_fig1_163064.jpg
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US and color Doppler US images obtained at first day ((a) and (d)), fourth month ((b) and (e)) and sixth month ((c) and (f)) show an enlarged, tortuous noncompressible tubular structure with hypoechoic material centrally, representing thrombosed right ovarian vein, extending superiorly from the right adnexa, lateral to the IVC (white arrows). With time, the width of the vein decreased. At fourth month, color Doppler US image shows flow with recanalization (e). VCI = vena cava inferior, A = abdominal aorta.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33934.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
Coronal view of chest CT showed huge mass in the upper thoracic esophagus.