image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49854.jpg | what is the mr weighting in this image? | t1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2263055_F1_18580.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Morphology and trophoblast marker expression of parental fusion partners and hybrid cells. The photomicrographs representative shows cultured first trimester trophoblasts (FT) 48 hours after isolation, ACH-3P hybrid cells and AC1-1 choriocarcinoma cells, both in the 6th passage (20 × magnification) (A). IHC staining for cytokeratin-7 and vimentin of ACH-3P (B). Representative zymography of cell culture supernatants from FT, ACH-3P and AC1-1 after 48 h culture indicating presence of MMP9 and MMP2 (C). Representative FACS analysis for HLA-G (thick line) on viable ACH-3P cells (D). The result of the control antibody is shown (thin line) as overlay. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2268946_F4_19351.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | ITIH2 immunohistochemistry on TMA derived from normal and cancerous breast tissue. A+B: Strong cytoplasmic staining is seen in normal epithelial cells of the mammary gland. C+D: Ductal carcinoma in-situ (high grade type) with moderate focal cytoplasmic staining and normal, partially hyperplastic gland epithelium with strong cytoplasmic staining (see arrows). E-H: Invasive ductal carcinoma with either negative (E, F) or strong ITIH2 staining (G, H). Magnification: 100× (A, C, E, G), 400× (B, D, F, H). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16730.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the right axilla showing multiple enlarged axillary lymph nodes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3617350_Fig2_196861.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | MRI (GE-Philips 1.5T) Patient’s axial T2 weighted image (top of the head: absence of meningeal abnormalities) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3541376_pone-0052723-g004_178090.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Pre- and post-surgery glottis of patients receiving MFHP.
A: The preoperative glottis under laryngoscopy; B: The postoperative glottis under laryngoscopy 6 months after procedure. C: The preoperative glottis under contrast-enhanced spiral CT. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl8s41r071uhqlybr1o.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59403.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | axial |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qs1f6z083208yghik0.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Lower-right, Center-right, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310837_pone-0032893-g004_131258.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Carbon nanomaterial retention in vital organs.Liver, spleen, and kidney tissue sections of mice 7 days after intravenous injection with carbon nanomaterials at 25 μg/g b.w. Carbon nanomaterials are indicated by arrows. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin. The scale bar is 50 μm. PVA, polyvinyl alcohol; CNCs, carbon nanocapsules; C60, C60 fullerene; MWCNTs, multi-walled carbon nanotubes; SWCNTs, single-walled carbon nanotubes. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0600.jpg | Is there marked left atrial dilation as seen from above the valve? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19417.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Posterior tibiofibular ligament tear (arrow). The ligament is edematous and avulsed from the fibula. There has also been stripping of the ligament from the posterior tibial periosteum. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4682939_pone.0144534.g001_454115.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Colour retinography showing the various stages of eye lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection in Brazilian patients.In (A) the arrow indicates the region with an acute exudative chorioretinal lesion ("lighthouse in the fog") and cloudy vitreous. In (B) the arrow indicates a chorioretinal lesions in the healing process—the patient had good clinical response to treatment and scar edges in definition. In (C) the arrow indicates presentation of an old chorioretinal scar and an old chorioretinal satellite lesion with pigment mobilization. In (D) chorioretinal scaring with well-defined edges indicated by the arrows with visualization of the sclera. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1em30832htfmeuwi.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4606502_Fig3_433518.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | The processed DTI data to visualize white matter tracts in the brain. a The placement of the regions of interests (ROIs) on the color-coded fractional anisotropy (FA) map and the corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. #1: genu of corpus callosum, #2: internal capsule, #3: splenium of corpus callosum, #4: corona radiate. The regions outside of the brain parenchyma were masked out from the display. For the FA color-coding scheme, red, green, and blue colors were used for left–right, dorsal–ventral, and rostral–caudal directions, respectively. b Bilaterally visualized DTI tractography of the corticospinal tracts and optic radiations in sheep (software-generated pseudo-coloring was used) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3071842_pone-0018656-g003_91940.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A: Immunohistochemical doublestaining of a renal allograft specimen with Granzyme B (red) and CD57 (blue), illustrating a Granzyme B positive NK cell.Bar = 10 µm. B: Doublestaining of Granzyme B (red) with CD68 (blue). Note that macrophages do not express Granzyme B. Bar = 25 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3524127_f2-etm-05-01-0247_173870.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Alendronate sodium regulated expression of α-SMA in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats (×200). (A) Normal control group. (B) Alendronate sodium control group. (C) Liver fibrosis model group. (D) Alendronate sodium-treated group. α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3932251_fig5_268857.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | An example of the virtual scene designed for studying the robot behaviour adaptation on reaching tasks from a 3D perception in an unstructured environment. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2945357_F5_74643.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | In vivo imaging of the zebrafish retina in a genetic model of retinopathy using the coumarin derivatives. Control zebrafish (A and C) and crb2a morphants (B and D) at 4 and 5 dpf were stained with BODEC (A and B) or DIBPBC (C and D). The retinas were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal disorganization in the crb2a morphants is clearly visualized by both BODEC and DIBPBC. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46089.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Six months post-op sagittal contrast image showing a large exophytic growth destroying the sacrum and extending both anteriorly and posteriorly |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2512.jpg | Is prostate present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2817395_fig7_56324.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 3D structure viewing along the 4-fold axis of erythrocyte L Ferritin model with S/N = 0.1, 0.5, and 0.8. (a) The standard 3D structures, (b) the result for S/N = 0.1, (c) S/N = 0.5, (d) S/N = 0.8, (e) the FSC curves for different noise levels. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3653961_pone-0063223-g004_204427.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Computer tomography (CT) of the brain of the patients involved in the study, prior to the VEPS measurements.The CT’s are divide into two groups according to clinical neurology pathology valuation: Edema and Hematoma. Moderate to severe diffuse brain edema without hemorrhage or hematomas, and subdural or epidural well located haematomas regions are evident. A description of the particular pathology is given next to each CT image. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_prostate/train_2500.jpg | What is present? | prostate |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36263.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Increased humero-ulnar distance of 9 mm (positive drop sign) in lateral view of the elbow (black arrows) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3741333_pone-0071078-g002_224237.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histochemical localization of GUS activity in AtRDUF1::GUS transgenic plants.(A) Developing seed at 12 days after pollination. (B) Desiccated mature seed. (C) Broken mature seed. (D) Dissected seed after imbibition. (E–H) Germinating seedlings at 1-day (E), 2-days (F), 3-days (G), and 4-days (H) after germination. (I) Leaf. (J) Root. (K) Flower. (L) Pollen. (M) Siliques. Bars represent 0.25 mm in A-D; 0.1 mm in J; 10 μm in L; and 1 mm in E-I, K, and M. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_3004.jpg | Is artery present? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3570131_f1-etm-05-03-0777_185062.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | VX2 allografts of the four groups on day 30. Row 1, gross morphology of allografts; row 2, clear cells (haematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×400 and ×100); row 3, capsules (haematoxylin and eosin staining; magnification, ×100); row 4, ultra-structure of the tumour cells. The arrow indicates a collagen bundle (transmission electron microscope; magnification, ×10,000); rows 5 and 6, positive expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with brown grains (immunohistochemical staining; magnification, ×100). TAE, transcatheter arterial embolisation; O+C, octreotide + celecoxib. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3820729_f3-etm-06-05-1127_241774.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histopathological examination (H&E, original magnification ×100). The endothecium of the cyst was giant cell granulation tissue and the exothecium was responsive bone. The responsive bone-like tissue was surrounded by benign osteoblasts. Additionally, cystose cells were surrounded by responsive hyperosteogeny, among which scattered inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3848730_F3_247775.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT images of wrist . The erosion volume was obtained after the automatic calculation of the area of the erosion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4620401_fig1_437364.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Abdominal X-ray shown in (a), depicting the number of shrapnel left in the left side of the body after the gunshot injury, in addition to dilated loops of bowel. CT scan with oral and intravenous contrast shows the splenosis deposit (white arrow) in axial (b) and coronal (c) views. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3654940_F3_204632.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Morphological analysis of myocardial damage in WT and Kir6.2−/− mice 360 min after LPS administration. Representative light and electron micrographs of the left ventricular tissues indicate that LPS-induced endotoxemia caused more severe myocardial damage in Kir6.2−/− mice than in WT mice (n = 6 per group). Mt, mitochondria; Mf, myofiber. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4320311_Fig4_356238.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Localization of VLDLr in mouse striatum in embryonic, postnatal, and adult stages. a–c at E16 (a), no VLDLr immunoreactivity is detected, whereas at P15 (b), VLDLr expression is prominent and declines again at 3 months (c). d-o Identification of striatal cells expressing VLDLr at 3 months. Double-immunofluorescence with NeuN (d–f), GFAP (g–i), and Tomatolectin (j–l) illustrates no colocalization of the proteins. m–o Double-immunohistochemistry for the oligodendrocyte marker Olig 2 and VLDLr reveals co-expression of the proteins. o Higher magnification of the white boxed area in n. Strong intracellular VLDLr labeling (arrowhead) is shown in Olig2-expressing cells (asterisk). Bars 100 μm (m), 50 μm (a–c, n), 20 μm (d–l, o) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4081394_f2-ol-08-02-0745_303349.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (A) A low-power view of the biosy specimen showing a pleomorphic cellular infiltrate with hyperchromatic small cells (hematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification, ×40). (B) Sheets of tumor cells exhibiting numerous Homer-Wright-type rosettes (hematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification, ×10). (C) Tumor cell separated by fibrous septa (hematoxylin and eosin staining; original magnification, ×10). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4008471_fig1_285510.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Ultrasound images prenatally and postnatally. (a) Fetal scan at the 12th week of pregnancy demonstrating moderate nuchal edema and cystic hygroma. (b) Pathological flow of the venous duct at the 20th week. During atrial contractions, a reverse flow is noticeable. (c) Two-dimensional echocardiogram of a newborn with absent SVC. The azygos and the hemiazygos veins have fused, and the venous duct formed is draining into the IVC. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3519648_F2_171828.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | 51 year old male presenting to the ED with right hemiparesis and aphasia. Imaging was initiated 4 hours after witnessed symptom onset. A &B. CTA demonstrates occlusion of the proximal left MCA (white arrows). C &D. Initial DWI shows large abnormality of the left MCA territory. E &F. MR perfusion time to peak (TTP) maps demonstrates hypoperfusion of similar extent as the diffusion abnormality. G &H. Follow-up MRI shows no significant enlargement of the initial abnormality. Whole brain map volume measurements for this patient are: DWI: 154 ml; MTT: 211 ml (mismatch: 57 ml); TTP: 241 ml (mismatch 87 ml). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q01ebb083259ia67bc.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39921.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Postoperative computed tomography (axial view) confirms the hemilaminectomy and that the lesion was completely excised. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4390182_fig3_376298.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Ultrasonography image of the right breast showing 1.4 cm × 1.2 cm irregularly shaped, speculated, hypoechoic lesion with central necrotic changes and high vascularity. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18075.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Fluorescein angiography results showing occlusive retinal phlebitis with late leakage. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3068475_fig5_91468.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Adipophilin in cellular membranes. Survey freeze-fracture view of a lipid-laden macrophage immunogold-labeled for adipophilin. Apart from positive labeling in the periphery of lipid droplets prominent label is seen in the P face of the plasma membrane (PL) and ER membranes. The E faces of the ER, mitochondrial and vesicle membranes are devoid of label. Inset: higher magnification of the P face of ER and plasma membrane. M mitochondria. Bar: 0.2 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1esf08326xaq7f1x.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4562265_f8_421743.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | CGRP expression in transverse sections of dorsal horn/thoracic spinal cords from Sham, SCI+SAL, SCI+ALG and SCI+ALG+GFs groups 49D post-injury.Representative pictures demonstrate differences in CGRP expression, particularly in number and length of CGRP positive fibers among the experimental groups. Note, enhanced growth and branching of CGRP fibers from dorsal horn to Laminae III–V and VII in SCI+ALG and SCI+ALG+GFs groups (A3, B3, A4, B4) when compared to sham and saline rats (A1, B1, A2, B2). Scale bar = 500 μm. Lower panel shows higher magnification from corresponding regions. Scale bar = 250 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3725899_Fig4_220912.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Electron micrographs (A) and immunoelectron micrographs (B) of each partially purified L1-EGFP fusion proteins. Detailed methods are described under Materials and methods. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3789050_f1-ol-06-02-0612_235394.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Diagnosis and treatment images of patient 1. (A) Coronal source image obtained from magnetic resonance angiography demonstrates membranous obstruction of the IVC (arrow). (B) T2-weighted MRI reveals a homogeneously hypertensive area (arrow). (C) Inferior vena cavagram illustrates membranous obstruction. (D) Inferior vena cavagram performed immediately following balloon dilation indicates full IVC patency. (E) Common hepatic angiogram reveals a hypervascular mass (arrow) supplied by segment VII of the hepatic artery. (F) Right hepatic angiogram from selective TACE performed through the feeding artery reveals successful embolization of vessels supplying the tumor. IVC, inferior vena cava; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2527007_F1_27081.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | CATS- and CATX-immunohistochemistry in normal rat spinal cord. Representative examples of CATS- (A, C, E-G) and CATX-immunostained (B, D, H-J) sections of the L5 segment. CATS-immunopositive deposits are localized in small glial-like cells (C, E, F) that distributed homogenously throughout the section (A), while CATX is mostly found in large neurons (D, H) and only few small cells are intensely stained (D, J). G, I: Sections incubated with preabsorbed primary antibodies are free of immunostaining. Scale bars, 500 μm (A, B), 50 μm (C, D), 20 μm (E-J). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1415.jpg | Does this image show ulcerative lesion left true cord quite good? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50593.jpg | in what plane is this x-ray? | frontal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3322934_F4_133298.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunogold and in situ hybridization (ISH) labeling of severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus–infected cells. A) Cytoplasmic area that is relatively free of organelles (arrow). B) At higher magnification, these regions are shown to consist of ribosomelike and filamentous structures. Within these regions, C) viral proteins are detected by immunolabeling, using hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid (12 nm gold), and D) ultrastructural ISH detects viral mRNA, genRNA, or both, by using a pool of riboprobes (6 nm gold). Bars, A,1 μm; B–D, 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3003628_F2_81495.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Sample of abnormal findings detected by PSID in the study population. In the first line (from left to right): enlarged left ventricle with depressed EF, dilated right ventricle and dilated IVC which also presents reduced respiratory reactivity. In the second line: mitral regurgitation (double jet), pericardial effusion and pleural effusion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3465887_fig1_159142.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | (a) X-ray shows cloudy appearance in the right maxillary sinus including an impacted tooth (arrowhead) in the Caldwell view. (b) X-ray shows cloudy appearance in the right maxillary sinus in the Waters view. (c) Axial view of the CT scan shows a cystic lesion expanding the lateral wall (arrow) of the maxillary sinus containing the impacted tooth inside. (d) Coronal view of the CT scan shows the calcificated cystic wall. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic38704.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | ectopic pregnancy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3913014_fig3_263802.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative sample from each group (n = 12 in each group): the 3D architecture of the trabecula bone beneath the tibial growth plate. (a) SHAM; (b) OVX; (c) E2; (d) RDE. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4141345_Fig36_315038.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Medullary rebound in a young female patient with a history of recent chemotherapy for treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma: coronal STIR (a) showed an area of increased intensity in the tibial diaphysis that displayed higher signal intensity than the muscle on T1WI (b) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4052480_fig11_296656.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Single-beat full-volume acquisition and automatic endocardial border detection allow fast assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with the possibility of averaging results over multiple cardiac beats. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qp1f1f0832g91z6tmp.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | No |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4182615_Fig4_324458.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Post-operative X-rays: a AP and b, c oblique Judet views (same patient as in Fig. 1) |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzgdp5s086u8a4qh105.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3840563_F1_245959.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Diagnostic imaging of the retroperitoneal paraganglioma. (A) Abdominal ultrasonography showed a retrocaval mass (indicated by arrowheads) present in the right parasagittal sonographic section. The mass compressed the IVC (indicated by an white arrow) in an anterior direction. (B) Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan showed a non-homogeneously enhanced retrocaval mass (indicated by arrowheads) with necrotic cysts. (C) Coronal contrast-enhanced CT scan showed anterior displacement and extrinsic compression of the IVC (indicated by an black arrow) by the retrocaval mass (indicated by arrowheads). (D) Postoperative abdominal US scan showed multifocal hepatic metastatic lesions (shown in blue). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16802.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | 33-year-old female presenting with mild pelvic pain and a palpable pelvic mass. T1-weighted axial MRI image before UFE shows a single intramural fibroid with heterogeneous (mild/moderate) enhancement pattern. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3913104_fig1_263828.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Sagittal T2-weighted (a), sagittal T1-weighted (b), axial T2* (c), and axial T2-weighted (d) MRI images show a large cranially and caudally migrating posterior disc extrusion (herniation) at C5-C6 level (arrows), eccentric to the right side and impinging upon the subarachnoid space, the cervical cord, and the right C6 nerve root. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1560.jpg | Does this image show continuous type illustrating opened and closed intercellular junction? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4698731_f3_458528.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Tubular injury was significantly less in RANTES(−/−) mice.(a) Representative sections of cortico medulla tissue from wild type mice and RANTES(−/−) mice on days 1 and 7 after reperfusion (hematoxylin- and eosin-stained; magnification, x100; scale bar - 50 μm). Compared with WT mice, ATN* changes and interstitial inflammation with infiltrates was significantly attenuated in RANTES(−/−) mice. (b) Semi quantitative analysis of renal tubular damage shows significant decrease (P < 0.01) of ATN score in RANTES(−/−) mice compared with wild type mice in kidney IRI on days 1, 3 and 7 after reperfusion. The data represented are mean ± SD. (n = 3 to 6 per group). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4389341_Fig3_376043.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image |
Microscopic examination of the endometriosis cyst of the liver. Cyst and normal liver tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin (a) and with immunohistochemistry with estrogen receptor antibody (b), progesterone receptor antibody (c), CD10 antibody (d), CK7 antibody (e), and HepPar-1 antibody (f) (×100 magnification). No hyperplasia or atypia was observed in epithelial or stromal component. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3903486_pone-0085843-g003_261628.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Gray matter volume increase in TLE-HS and TLE-NL.VBM demonstrated areas of gray matter increase in TLE-HS and TLE-NL. A: shows the areas of gray matter volume increase in TLE-HS (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels); B: shows the areas of gray matter volume increase in TLE-NL (two-sample T-test, p<0.001, uncorrected, minimum threshold cluster of 30 voxels). TLE-HS: temporal lobe epilepsy with MRI signs of hippocampal sclerosis; TLE-NL: temporal lobe epilepsy with normal MRI; VBM: voxel based morphometry; T: t-value; L: left; R: right. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1896151_F2_11786.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Distribution and downregulation of miRNA in TG. TG tissues were obtained from animals inflamed by CFA for 4 hr and in situ hybridization was performed with 5' biotin labeled LNA probes according to the protocol recommended by the manufacturer (Exiqon). Bound probes were detected by Cy3-streptavidin for green fluorescence while the tracer rhodamine-conjugated dextran produced red fluorescence. White arrowhead indicates tracer labeled cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3615585_fig1_196374.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | MRI spine showed a long intramedullary inflammatory lesion in the cord from C3 to the upper boarder of T1 on T1-weighted MRI imaging. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic9634.jpg | what kind of image is this? | ugi - upper gi |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3653923_pone-0063101-g004_204376.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Ovarian histology.Hematoxylin-eosin-saffron staining ovary sections of rabbits fed a control diet (left panel) or HH diet (right panel) at low (A,B) or high (C,D) magnification. Compared to the control sample (A), numerous atretic follicle remnants (open arrowheads) are scattered in the ovary parenchyma of the high fat diet-fed animal (B). With higher magnification, primary (I), secondary (II) and tertiary follicles (III) are observed in the control samples (C) whereas numerous fields in high fat diet-fed animal samples are devoid of maturing follicles and are only composed of atretic follicle remnants at different stage of involution (D). Scale bars = 500 µm (A, B) and 100 µm (C, D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3890319_pone-0085237-g001_258216.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Spatial localization of CaSR and RAMPs in COS-7 cells.(A) COS-7 cell transfected with CaSR-citrine alone showing intracellular localisation of CaSR (red circle) in the absence of RAMP expression. (B) COS-7 cells co-transfected with RAMP-cerulean (left column) and CaSR-citrine (column 2) were imaged by confocal microscopy 48 hr post transfection. 50 pixel dot ROI was manually drawn around the cell membrane of the CaSR-citrine image to measure cell-surface FRET (column 3). Scale bar 10µm. Red arrows on the FRET images (right column) indicate areas of co-localization between CaSR and RAMP on the cell-surface, which are shown magnified in the insets. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3669509_Fig2_208375.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Contrast-enhanced axial CT image a week before the stent placement shows the esophageal cancer (arrow) in the cervical region in a 64 year-old man |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2535598_F2_27685.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Scans of a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. (A) Digital subtraction angiography (maximum intensity projection technique): the terminal branch of the left maxillary artery is at the hilus of the pathological angiofibroma neovascularization. (B) Computed tomography of the viscerocranium: nasopharyngeal angiofibroma seen with intravenous contrast. (C) The same tumor seen with computed tomography carotidography (volume rendering technique). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4511739_pone.0131916.g002_408480.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Kha’s skull a) frontal (ap) and lateral b).Note the shrunken brain remnants (arrows). The shape of the nasal bone indicates an aquiline profile. A snake’s head (made of stone) is clearly visible at Kha (arrowhead, lateral view). A dense oval plate (amulet?) is visible above the “Gold of Honour” collar. The collar of honour is made of gold discs. The broad earrings are made of ca. 1 mm thick gold foil. Imaging parameters a): 70kV, 3,2mAs; b) 70kV, 8mAs. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31316.jpg | what organ system is visualized? | breast |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1929.jpg | Are mitotic figures present? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4030220_fig10296_290731.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining of Rat OvariesA: ovary tissue in female offspring of control group 1, B: ovary tissue in female offspring of experimental group 1, C: ovary tissue in female offspring of control group 2, D: ovary tissue in female offspring of experimental group 2. PF: Preantral follicle, AF: Antral follicle, POF: Preovulatory follicle, CL: corpus luteum (100 x magnifications). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3863825_F1_252071.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Figure 1: Presence of fatty component along with enhancing soft tissue is seen within the well-defined, encapsulated mass lesion on CT scan. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4494462_FIG10_403816.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A spinal arteriovenous malformation.Digital subtraction spinal angiography showing an intramedullary AVM in the cervical spinal cord (left). The 3-D reconstruction from the axial images of rotation angiography (middle line) showing the nidus and draining veins. The dose plan targeting the nidus while sparing the surrounding spinal cord, with the steepness of the isodose line on axial images of an angiogram (AG) fused to CT and enhanced MR images (right line). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q41egv08327l2wfa9u.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3629059_pone-0060428-g003_199256.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Observation of cellular uptake behavior of carbonate apatite by SEM.Scanning electron microscopy revealed a process of uptake behavior into HCT116 colon cancer cells. A) The control HCT116 devoid of apatite particles. B) The particles attached on the cell. C) The particles were getting internalized at as early as 45 min, and D) further going into the cells at 90 min. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3603714_fig1_193425.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (a) CT shows a large cyst in the upper abdominal area. (b) EUS shows the cyst wall was 3 mm. The wall was not adhered to the gastric wall, as relative movement was observed. (c) After the needle puncture, cyst (red arrow) fluid will leak into the omental bursa. After cystotome dilation and stent placement, fluid leak (green arrow) begins to increase. (d) A large collection of fluid, measuring 3 cm, is seen below the cyst. (e) Transmural approach by a cystotome. (f) Intraperitoneal drainage by a 7 Fr nasobiliary catheter. (g) Drainage catheters seen on X-ray. (h) Pancreatic pseudocyst size is diminished, as confirmed by CT. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4691081_ijms-16-26134-f001_456366.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on mitotic chromosomes of WD14 by using oligo-pTa535-1 (red) and oligo-pSc119.2-1 (green) as probes. Yellow arrows indicate the four 6D chromosomes and two alien chromosomes 6V from Dasypyrum villosum. Chromosomes were counterstained with 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01116.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Coronal T1W SPIR images, following Gadolinium administration, show enhancement of the medial part of the left thigh, next to the previously performed surgical wound (white thick arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glls4mz071u0cuo22tn.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3431464_Fig4_152541.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | CHII lesions and thinning of the spinal cord. A CHII lesion was diagnosed when a typical high-intensity intramedullary signal was seen at the C0–C2 level on T2-weighted sagittal MR images in neutral position. All subjects demonstrating a CHII lesion are summarised here. Those subjects who demonstrated a CHII lesion and thinning of the spinal cord are marked with an asterisk
|
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3016345_F4_83128.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Electron micrographs of cultures with and without drug treatment. (A-D) Exposure to SB (10 mM) for 36 hs resulted in accumulation of filamentous aggregates in differentiated 3D5 cells with induced α-Syn expression. (E-F) Without the SB treatment very few filamentous elements were detected in differentiated 3D5 cells with induced α-Syn expression. (B), (D) and (F) are higher magnification photographs of the framed area shown in (A), (C) and (E), respectively. The filaments have a diameter of either (B) 8-10 nm or (D) around 5 nm. Scale bar: 0.5 μm (A, C and E); 100 nm (B, D and F). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3647661_F3_203375.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | No evidence of productive Norwalk virus (NV) replication in 3-dimensional INT-407 aggregates by confocal microscopy analysis of viral proteins. Three-dimensional INT-407 aggregates 24 h post inoculation (hpi) (panels A, B) and 48 hpi (panels C, D) with live NV, 24 hpi with inactivated NV (panels E, F), or phosphate-buffered saline alone controls (panels G, H). Aggregates were stained for viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) (panels A, C, E, G) or nonstructural protein VPg (panels B, D, F, H). Nuclei were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (not shown in print issue). Original magnification ×63. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3819511_F2_241492.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Computed tomography showing the glenoid with the measurements of each segment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3970249_fig1_277528.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Plain abdominal radiograph showing dilatation of small bowel without any gas-fluid levels. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56602.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Panoramic radiograph shows multiple cystic odontogenic lesions in both jaws. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyvdoj8086ucu98a8mz.jpg | Where in the image is the instrument? | Center, Center-right, Upper-center |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4022059_F3_288947.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Distance maps calculated from CSLM images. (a) Control, (b) ZC, (c) SG, and (d) HS reactor samples pseudo-colored to depict cell wall thickness. (e) Mean cell wall thicknesses with standard deviations were determined from the centerline of the cell walls in the distance maps. CSLM, confocal scanning laser microscopy; HS, horizontal screw; SG, steam gun; ZC, ZipperClave®. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2908739_fig4_69638.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Investigation of the membrane targeting kinetics of GTPases that are substrates of different prenylation pathways following mevastatin wash-out. AtT20 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids allowing the expression of the indicated EGFP-fusion protein and incubated overnight with 5 μM mevastatin. The intracellular localization of the heterologously expressed protein was observed using confocal fluorescence microscopy at the indicated time-points following mevastatin wash-out. Bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4428012_Fig2_385274.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Transverse (a-1, b-1, and c-1) and coronal (a-2, b-2, and c-2
) computed tomography, macroscopic (a-3, b-3, and c-3
), and microscopic images (40X: d, i, and n, 200X: e, j, and o) of metastatic myxoid liposarcoma. (a-1–a-5) Images from December 2006, when the patient underwent a left pneumonectomy for myxoid liposarcoma metastasizing to the left lung. (b-1–b-5) Images from August 2009, when the patient underwent segmental resection for a peritoneal metastatic myxoid liposarcoma, involving the mesentery and subserosa of the jejunum. (c-1–c-5) Ever since then, the patient was treated by one additional segmental resection for a recurred peritoneal metastatic myxoid liposarcoma in February 2012. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76613.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Non-contrast axial CT image showing mild diffuse hyperdensity of the right basal ganglia without associated mass effect. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3920331_F1_266189.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Satellite cells locate between basal lamina and host FDB in collagenase dissociated FDB cultures. FDB fiber cultures were fixed with paraformaldehyde and immunostained with anti-laminin anti-Pax7, followed by appropriate secondary antibodies. Satellite cell located between basal lamina and FDB fiber, showing collagenase did not remove lamina and satellite cell from FDB fiber. Images in bottom row are the same fiber as top row but with higher magnification. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic36248.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | thoracic neuroblastoma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3216896_F2_115763.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Morphology and immunohistochemical stainings: (A) H&E (original magnification 100×) and (B) H&E (original magnification 400×) show a spindle cell proliferation in an intraparotideal lymph node with moderate cellular pleomorphy (C) Vimentin (original magnification 400×) and (D)HLA-DR (original magnification 400×) were strongly expressed by the tumor cells. (E) Clusterin (original magnification 400×) and (F) S100 protein (original magnification 400×) were negative in the tumor cells. (G)CD20 showed only very few reactive small B-cells (original magnification 400×) and (H) CD3 some reactive T-lymphocytes (original magnification 400×). Virtual Slides: http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777507, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777681, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777716, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777754, http://diagnosticpathology.slidepath.com/dih/webViewer.php?snapshotId=1316777781 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4412517_Fig2_381566.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cerebral imaging of two patients with hydrocephalus. a, b Axial Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) MRI showing extensive edema in the thalami, basal ganglia and brainstem, and hydrocephalus of both temporal horns (arrows). c, d Axial non-contrast-enhanced CT scan of a different patient showing a large space occupying intracranial hemorrhage in the left hemisphere, and an increase of width of the contralateral temporal horn |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4504227_Fig4_406582.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Correlation between apparent magnetic susceptibility and myofiber orientation in a typical specimen. Anatomical reference image created by averaging GRE magnitude data from echoes 1–4 (a). Mean magnetic susceptibility map calculated from multi-echo GRE image phase data (b). DTI myofiber orientation map that has been weighted by the fractional anisotropy and converted into red/green/blue values, where blue indicates the magnetic field direction (c). The major eigenvector of the DTI data was used to calculate the myofiber angle relative to the magnetic field direction (d). Yellow arrows indicate myofibers that are nearly parallel to B0 and more paramagnetic. Red arrows indicate myofibers that are nearly perpendicular to B0 and more diamagnetic |
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