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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4445784_Fig6_390092.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Detection of relaxin in boar epididymis and vas deferens. Relaxin (green fluorescence) is detected in the epididymal caput (a), corpus (b), and cauda (c). Detection is also found in the proximal (d), middle (e), and distal (f) sections of the vas deferens. Signals are usually found in the basal cells (white arrows) and lumen of all epididymal and vas deferens sections, in the vicinity of spermatozoa (white arrow heads). Red arrows indicate relaxin signals found in the blood vessels. Nuclei are counter-stained in blue. Ar = Fluorescence artefact area; SLM = Smooth Longitudinal Muscle; SCM = Smooth Circular Muscle; 200× magnification |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2579.jpg | What is present? | hepatobiliary |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1488855_F3_5956.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunohistochemical examination using anti-CMV monoclonal mouse antibody was positive (indicated by an arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3585120_pgen-1003302-g004_188969.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Images of FAM20A
−/− tooth #18.
A: Photographs of #18 after cutting it sagitally. B: Photographs of a wild-type molar after cutting it sagitally. C: Photograph of #18 before sectioning. D: Occlusal view of #18 by photograph (top) and 3-D μ-CT image. E: 3-D μ-CT image of inside #18. Note the hollow area in the crown and the calcified pulp chamber. F: 3-D μ-CT image of #18. Note the shortness of the crown, which as apparently greatly diminished by resorption. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1790.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03763.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | AP radiograph of the pelvis in a 9-year-old patient with cleidocranial dysplasia. Note that the pelvis showed a combination of delayed ossification of the ischium and pubis. In addition, there was maldevelopment of the capital femoral epiphyses, and both were separated from the metaphyses with upward and medial inclination. Note the gap between the epiphyses and the irregular metaphyses respectively. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2747840_F5_46602.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Transduction of sensory fibers within the dorsal horn following rAAV2/6 delivery via different routes. (A) eGFP expression in dorsal horn following sciatic nerve, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intrathecal injection of 2.6 × 105 tu rAAV2/6. Scale bar: 100 μm. Confocal microscope images for CGRP (red, lamina I and II outer) and IB4 (blue, lamina II inner) against eGFP expression (green) in the dorsal horn following sciatic nerve (B) and intrathecal (C) injection. Scale bar: 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4434955_f1_387211.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Identification of the differentially expressed proteins among three gonad types.a) H.E. staining of ovary, ovotestis and testis tissues. b) The 2D protein electrophoresis shows the differentially expressed protein spots among these gonads. The red circles on the 2D gels display the differentially expressed protein spots. Circus plots show the numbers of five kinds of proteins identified: highly expressed in males (16); highly expressed in ovotestis (3); highly expressed in ovary (5); highly expressed in both ovotestis and testis (17); highly expressed in both ovotestis and ovary (24). Detail information of protein spots is showed in Table S1. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_56333.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Bronchoscopic examination shows a polypoid smooth-surfaced mass lesion that completely occluded the lingular division of the left upper lobe bronchus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3649758_fig3_203596.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) Anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis, showing a periacetabular chondrosarcoma on the left. (b) and (c) MRI of the pelvis, showing the destruction of the cortical bone and extraosseous tumor expansion. Notably is that the hip joint is not infiltrated. (d) Anteroposterior radiograph after P2 resection and hip transposition. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07550.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | TV Ultrasound image showing the endometrial cavity dilated with bleeding superior to the sac. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4648850_Fig1_444706.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Computed tomography showed a mass measuring 20 × 20 mm in the small intestine (a) (arrow), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed an abnormal uptake of 18FDG in the lesion (b) (arrow) |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2282.jpg | Is whipples disease present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3715463_pone-0069919-g003_218715.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance images (a, b) of another patient #7.They show multiple hyperintensity lesions over juxtacortical area of left medial temporal lobe and bilateral basal ganglion (caudate nucleus and putamen). Pons and cerebellum are also involved. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3128610_pone-0021749-g002_101306.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | NafA is induced and exposed at the bacterial surface upon host cells interaction.FaDu cells were infected with the wild-type strain for 2 h (left column) or 6 h (right column). After washing away unbound bacteria, the cells were stained with anti-NafA peptide N antibody. Fluorescent (upper row) and Nomarski (lower row) images are shown. A 100 x objective lens was used. The inset shows higher magnification of the boxed area in the image. Arrow indicates a microcolony on the cell. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4619722_pone.0140537.g003_437025.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Example for correlation between PET and positive BOLD response.26 year old patient (patient 2) with structural epilepsy. PET shows a discrete temporal and parietal hypometabolism. The strongest positive BOLD response in MREG is located temporal on the right hand side and therefore shows a good correlation with PET. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4492074_Fig5_403101.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Case 2. A 64-year-old woman with moderate HV; antero-posterior radiographic images at: a Preoperative period. b 1-month follow-up. c 3-month follow-up. d 6-month follow-up. e 48-month follow-up showing the maintained correction of the deformity |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3242774_pone-0028933-g005_119729.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effect of INCB3344 on established CNV.(A) Fundus photographs (1st and 3rd rows) and fluorescent angiography (2nd and 4th rows) pre-treatment (1st column) and post-treatment (2nd column) with vehicle (top 2 rows) or INCB3344 (bottom 2 rows). Established CNV in Sod1
−/− mice were markedly regressed by INCB3344 treatment (bottom), while no significant regression of established CNV was detected in vehicle treatment (top). Scale bar = 20 µm. (B) INCB3344 treatment caused a 70.35±9.86% decrease (n = 6) in established CNV size, which was significantly higher than that in vehicle treatment (1.0±1.0%, n = 7, *P<0.001). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4654730_Fig3_446237.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Ophthalmic findings in the right eye after canakinumab therapy. a Anterior inflammation (conjunctival injection, ulcerative keratitis, anterior chamber inflammation, and hypopyon) remained resolved 6 months after the initiation of canakinumab therapy. b Fundus examination of the right eye showed a pale optic disc with peripapillar sheath-like fibrosis involving the retinal vessels (arrowhead) and yellowish deposits in the posterior pole (arrows). c Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed intact ellipsoid zone and drusen-like subretinal deposits (arrows) internal to the retinal pigment epithelium |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27442.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Angiographic result after stenting the ostium of the left common carotid artery |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1794488_F1_9390.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Transoesophageal echocardiographic transgastric, cross-sectional view of the left ventricle at midpapillary muscle level with automated border detection (ABD). Endocardial border of the left ventricle, including the papillary muscles, was circumscribed manually to define the region of interest (blue line). ABD quantifies the cardiac chamber areas instantaneously by detecting the blood-tissue interface (red line), which results in a continuous, beat-to-beat left ventricular area curve (green line). Left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) was defined as peak of the left ventricular area during diastole. Left ventricular end-systolic area (LVESA) was defined as minimum left ventricular area during systole. Stroke area (SA) was defined as LVEDA – LVESA over the same cardiac cycle. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4200347_Fig4_328821.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Expression and subcellular localization of PbIMC1e. Bright-field and GFP fluorescence images of schizont, ookinete, mature oocyst and sporozoite life stages. The schizont image was captured using a CCD camera due to the low levels of fluorescence, while the other images were captured by confocal microscopy. Hoechst DNA staining (blue) indicates the position of nuclei. Arrows point to posterior structures in ookinetes and sporozoites |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4366561_Fig7_369741.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of the patellae and patellar tendons. Patellae are indicated as P. a No ectopic bone was detected at 3 weeks. b At 6 weeks, ectopic ossification was detected in 2 cases. c, d At 12 and 20 weeks, all tendons had ectopic ossification. e Mean volumes of ectopic ossification increased over time |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4091863_pone-0100184-g007_305177.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Examination of viral protein trafficking to the plasma membrane.CHH-1 cells were transfected with pSAV3-HHFL cDNA (A and B) or pSAV3-HHΔ6k cDNA (C and D). At 4 dpt, cells were immunostained under permeablized (A and C) or non-permeablized (B and D) conditions. Green fluorescence indicates localization of expressed viral proteins while blue fluorescence shows cell nucleus counterstained by DAPI. The image is representing at least three repeated experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4132354_F1_313402.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Axial sections of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain. These images (a-c) reveal cortical hyperintensity in the bilateral parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyydokg086udcjo76fn.jpg | Are there any instruments in the image? | Tube |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39084.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Fractured pacemaker wires; pieces lie in the right ventricle (lower arrow) and the left lobe pulmonary artery (upper arrow) |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3407659_fig3_147269.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Activation foci evoked by stimulation of the unaffected (a) and affected (b) eye in a patient with acute left optic neuritis. White lines show activation in area MT/V5 in right and left hemispheres. The Talairach coordinates (x; y; z) of the activated area are also reported. L and R: left and right. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4686427_fig6s2_454952.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Representative fluorescence microscopy images showing effects of free sugars on binding of Alexa Fluor 647-CTB to T84 cells.Binding of Alexa Fluor 647-CTB and DAPI staining in the presence of 100 mM fucose or 100 mM glucose were measured by fluorescence microscopy. Quantification of imaging data is presented in Figure 6E.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09545.016 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_39023.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Resuscitative ultrasound image illustrating measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (3 mm behind the globe) in a patient with elevated intracranial pressure. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1479.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0196.jpg | What are large, with round to convoluted nuclei having high n/c ratio and no cytoplasmic granularity? | the cells |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3559312_F1_182197.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | TKE along the centerline as a function of time in the pre- and post-intervention cases; comparison between CFD (top row) and MRI (lower row). X-axis labels: MA: maximum acceleration, PS: peak systole, MD: maximum deceleration, BD: beginning of diastole. Y-axis locations are AscAo: ascending aorta, Arch: aortic arch, LCC: left common carotid artery, CoA: coarctation of the aorta, and DescAo: descending aorta. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1q31efr0832hki0d592.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3144247_pone-0022663-g005_103604.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Hematoxylin and eosin-stained light micrographs of histological sections from mice lungs (Magnifications: X10).Lungs from nonimmunized mice (A), from saline immunized mice (B) and from intranasal OmpA immunized mice (C) showing normal airspaces, interstitium, and bronchioles. D: Intranasal OmpA immunized mouse lung tissue, 24 h after intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of S. flexneri 2a (1×107 CFU/30 µl) showing mild infiltration of neutrophils and other mononuclear cells. E: Lung from saline immunized mice, 24 h after intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of S. flexneri 2a N.Y-962/92 showing severe pneumonia with vascular congestion, peribronchial and perivascular accumulation of inflammatory cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4009241_fig4_285754.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Postoperative CT, MRI images of Case 5. View of the incision. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4482032_Fig1_400256.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
a. Computed tomography showing a tumour mass in the right atrium with irregular enhancement and, also a small pericardial effusion (arrow indicates the tumour). b. Computed tomography showing the right coronary artery was also involved by the tumour (arrow indicates the coronary artery) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4574565_Fig1_424746.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Identification of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells. a Colony of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells; (b) positive staining for alkaline phosphatase; (c) normal 46, XX karyotype at passage 20; (d) positive staining for OCT4; (e) positive staining for NANOG; (f) positive staining for TRA-1-60; (D1-F1) nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342; (D2-F2) merged images for OCT4, NANOG and TRA-1-60. Bar is 100 μm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3045889_F7_88318.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | In situ localization of ascorbate peroxidase APX transcript isoforms in chickpea root nodules. In situ localization of APX1 (upper panel) and APX2 (lower panel, bar: 500 μm). Corresponding cDNAs were derived from RACE amplifications using UniTags as starting sequences. A) Control without reverse transcription B) Nodules from non-stressed plants C) Nodules from plants after a 2 h exposure to 25 mM NaCl Abbreviations: see figure 6 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3135625_fig5_102163.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | SEM micrographs of surface ultrastructural characteristics of CEMss cells treated with DCM/F7 in a time-dependent manner (24 and 48 h) and cultured in RPMI 1640 media maintained at 37°C and 5% CO2. (a) The characteristic of untreated CEMss cells surface showing the restoration of a typical morphological feature of a cancer cell such as smooth surface (as shown in white arrow). (b) and (c) DCM/F7 treated CEMss cells (24 and 48; IC50: 3 μg/ml) showed distinct morphological changes corresponding to typical apoptosis, including cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing and separated apoptotic bodies (magnification 4000x). BL: Blebbing; AB: Apoptotic body. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2797607_pone-0008577-g005_53337.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Oral keratinocytes (5×107 cells/well) were incubated for 24 hr in KSFM media with fluorescently labeled exosomes and examined under fluorescence microscopy.The lysed lanes serve as a negative control. Magnification was 10×, and the smaller boxed panels represent magnification of 40×. Note the fluorescence intensity increases with increasing amounts of exosomes (32 and 64 µl, respectively). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4180505_Fig3_323901.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
FDG-PET/CT findings of aortitis before and after steroid therapy. A-1 and A-2. FDG PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake in the ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, and left subclavian artery. B-1 and B-2. After steroid therapy, FDG-PET/CT showed a significant reduction in the FDG uptake in the same area. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4235038_F2_337069.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | The most flaccid part of the diaphragm can be identified under thoracoscopy (the green arrow in 2A). After confirming the edge to be sutured, we started plication from a more medial part of the diaphragm (B) and then continued the procedure to a more lateral part of the diaphragm (C). The overall view of the diaphragm after plication is shown in (D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3848567_F7_247749.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Confocal observation of excysted oocysts control samples. A) excysted oocyst labelled with only primary antibody seen under transmitted light; B) corresponding confocal image, showing no immunolabeling. C) excysted oocyst labelled with only secondary antibody seen under transmitted light; D) corresponding confocal image, showing no immunolabeling. E) excysted oocyst labelled with both primary and secondary antibodies seen under transmitted light; F) corresponding confocal image, showing oocyst intensely immunolabelled. Scale bars: 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4490756_Fig5_402758.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 3D reconstructions of the muscular architecture of the creeping-type larva of Loxosomella murmanica. Reconstructions are based on the confocal microscopy dataset shown in Fig. 4 f. a: Fronto-lateral view. b: Frontal view. c: Dorsal view (i.e., facing the apical organ). d: Fronto-lateral view. e: Abfrontal view. f: Ventral view |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09500.jpg | What is shown in this image? | M R I at 6 months showing normal physeal plate with no AVN |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3072998_pone-0018459-g001_92121.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Typical MR Images of thrombus obtained at 9.4 T.Proton density (showing the amount of water), T1 and T2 weighted images (highlighting differences in T1 and T2 relaxation times respectively) of 3 samples obtained after thrombectomy. A) Thrombus, clotted blood, B) sample composed mainly of lipids and C) sample of mixed composition. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3577430_F3_186595.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Enhanced expression of TS protein in NSCLC compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Paraffin sections from patients with NSCLC were prepared and stained with anti-TS antibody and then reviewed and scored under a microscope. A-C, Representative low, medium, and high levels of TS expression, respectively. D, Negative staining of normal tissues. E, strong expression of TS protein in lung squamous cell carcinoma. F, low level of TS expression in lung adenocarcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4224397_pone-0111390-g002_334222.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Rabbit MSCs observed using an inverted microscope after differentiation and staining.A. After osteogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs and Alizarin red staining, calcium deposition is observed (arrows; original magnification, 100×; scale bar, 10 µm). B. After chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs and Alcian blue staining, sulfated cartilage GAGs are observed (arrows; original magnification, 100×; scale bar, 100 µm). C. After adipogenic differentiation of rabbit MSCs and Oil Red O staining, accumulation of intracellular neutral lipid vacuoles is observed (arrows; original magnification, 100×; scale bar, 10 µm). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2688839_pbio-1000133-g003_39358.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Scanning electron microscopy of in vivo biofilms.The mutant strain CJN1201 (zap1Δ/zap1Δ, [A,B]), complemented strain CJN1193 (zap1Δ/zap1Δ+pZAP1, [C,D]), and reference wild-type strain DAY185 (ZAP1/ZAP1, [E,F]) were inoculated into rat intravenous catheters, and resulting biofilms were visualized after 24 h of growth. Images show catheter luminal surfaces at (A,C,E) 1,000× and (B,D,F) 50× magnification. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyddo1w086u8d955azz.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3668183_F1_208041.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Computed tomography scan demonstrates bilateral multiple lung cysts. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qp1f270832ae0546r5.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3174228_pgen-1002285-g005_108813.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Electron microscopy of choroidal (upper and lower left micrographs) and RPE cells (upper and lower right micrographs), including melanosomes, from wild-type C57BL/6 mice (upper two micrographs) and Pmel−/− mice (lower two micrographs), respectively.A scale bar is depicted in the lower left hand corner of each micrograph. Melanosomes of both choroidal and RPE cells of the affected animal appear spherical with irregular borders, the latter more obvious in the RPE cells (lower right micrographs, indicated by white arrowheads). Further, no cigar-shaped melanosomes were found in either choroidal or RPE cells in the Pmel
−/− mice. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3415050_F0003_149061.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sagittal and transverse section of right thigh showing large abscess on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3915710_fig1_264815.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (Sh, Sh + EP) Normal histopathological examination of the lung tissues in Sh and Sh + EP groups. (S/C) Diffuse intra-alveolar edema (↑), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (▲), and leukocyte infiltration in the S/C group. (S/C + EP) Moderate intra-alveolar edema and alveolar epithelial thickening (↑) were observed in the S/C group that received EP. (Hematoxylin and Eosin, [H&E] ×200). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC1524979_F1_6326.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | MGH-like pattern (ASC-H, favor reactive) Groups of metaplastic cells arranged in checkerboard like pattern. The dark nuclei may show nucleoli (arrows). (A & b- Cervical smear [Papanicolaou stained SurePath™ Preparation], c- Cervical biopsy [Hematoxylin-eosin stained section]). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_28774.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Pancreatitis: a 53-year-old man with left renal cell carcinoma s/p resection on 2 months of pazopanib therapy for metastatic disease to the spine. The patient presented with upper abdominal pain. CT scan shows stranding anterior to the head of the pancreas, highly suspicious for pancreatitis secondary to therapy. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4469651_pone.0126460.g002_397422.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Identified brain regions that were most relevant for the differentiation of CHRNA4 and DRD2 polymorphisms.The PLS-DA based on the contrasted BOLD estimates between the nicotine and placebo treatment sessions during invalid trials. The nicotine-induced main variance in these regions was able to successfully predict the four genetic groups (see Fig 4). Regions are displayed at VIP threshold ≥ 1.28 (see methods section), cluster extent threshold k≥40. (1) Pulvinar nuclei of the thalamus, (2) putamen/striatum, (3) precuneus, (4) insula; see Table 1 for a complete list. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3751366_F1_226818.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Initial chest X-ray and CT. Chest X-ray (A) and computed tomography (CT) (B) images showing multifocal nodules scattered over the lung fields bilaterally. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3256162_pone-0029720-g003_121740.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistological assessment of liver xenografts.Cellular infiltrates (CD3, CD20), antibody (IgG and IgM) and complement (C3, C4d, C5b-9) deposition were obvious in the WT pig liver at 2 hours, but were minimal or absent in GTKO and GTKO/CD46 pig livers. Fibrin and platelets were present in WT or GTKO and GTKO/CD46 pig livers regardless of post-Tx time, immunosuppression, and genetic modification of the organ-source pig. For details, see Table 2. (g) = green, (r) = red. Solid white bar indicates 0.1 mm for all figures. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2628350_F1_32745.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Histologic examination of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The stages of the PanIN-IDC pathway are shown as normal pancreatic ductal epithelia (A), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm-1B (PanIN-1B) (B), PanIN-2 (C) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (D). The stages of the intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma (IPMA)-intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) pathway are shown as IPM adenoma (E), IPM borderline (F) and IPM carcinoma (G). (Magnifications of A to G are 100×, 100×, 100×, 200×, 100×, 200×, 200×, respectively). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4008539_fig1_285580.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Coronary angiography revealing ectasia in the (A) right coronary artery, (B) left circumflex artery (arrow), and (C) left descending artery (arrow head). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3390369_pone-0040316-g004_143988.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Graphical representation of the sLORETA results comparing the ERPs between the earthquake and control groups at the time range of P300, P200 and N300.Orange indicates significant hyperactivity for earthquake survivors compared with controls. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3944717_F6_272206.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Patient 2. Preoperative sonographic control with massive enlarged lymphatics. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4545182_Fig6_416219.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Male, 52 years. The patient suffered from arterial hypertension. Fatal outcome in hospital due to intracerebral hemorrhage after neurosurgical insertion of a probe for intracranial pressure measurement. a MPMCTA, standard protocol with femoral arterial and venous access: dynamic phase, MIP. Right hemispheric intracerebral hemorrhage with propagation into the ventricle. b MIP after cannulation of right common carotid artery and additional application Angiofil®. Note the contrast agent enhancement in the right posterior lobe (arrows) representing a potential source of hemorrhage |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48225.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Steinmann pin across greater trochanter into the acetabulum and supracondylar skeletal traction were used to maintain reduction |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3876906_fig3_255130.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Sheets of monomorphic cells were interrupted by perivascular pseudorosettes (H&E, ×200, original magnification). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3658867_F2_205576.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Gross and microscopic findings of the embolic mass extracted from both lower extremities. The masses extracted by open transcatheter embolectomy at (A) the right common iliac artery and (B) the left superficial femoral artery have a long rod consisting of gray soft tissue and red thrombus. (C) Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells confirms intimal-type PAS positive for vimentin. PAS: primary aortic sarcoma. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2853.jpg | What is present? | muscle |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3326708_F3_134077.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | CT scans showing representative axial and sagittal slices of the produced incomplete burst fracture in human spine specimens. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4279819_fig2_347522.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the maxilla by means of implant navigation software, with virtual planning of implant placement. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3574072_pone-0056790-g007_185985.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Histochemistry images of distracted mouse tibiae.Mouse tibiae immunostained for members of the BMP signaling pathway (BMP-2, BMPR1a, BMP-3) at 34 and 51 days. Representative images taken at 400× magnification, scale bar represents 50 µM. Chondrocytes and fibroblastic cells are indicated by the white arrows and letters “C” and “F”, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4490479_ijms-16-12925-f002_402555.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Adhesion assay: Confocal images (63× magnification) after DAPI (blue), tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)-conjugated phalloidin (red) and vinculin (green) staining of RT4-D6P2T (A) and primary SC (B) on poly-l-lysine coated coverslips (control condition), random fibers and aligned fibers 3 h after seeding. Scale bar: 40 μm; RT4-D6P2T (C) and primary SC (D) cell numbers were expressed as cells/mm2 ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA. Asterisks refer to significant statistical difference with *
p ≤ 0.05 and ***
p ≤ 0.001. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2740146_fig-003_45379.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Flourescein Angiogram of the right eye showed blocked venous fluorescence from the retinal hemorrhages, extensive areas of capillary non-perfusion, and vessel wall staining. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4295575_Fig3_350713.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans from the fourth surgery.
(A to
L) Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans show three intracranial lesions (circles). (M to
X) Postoperative MRI scans show complete resection of all lesions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4087301_fig2_304588.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Comparison of MRI pituitary with and without contrast images between initial evaluation and follow-up evaluation. At the initial evaluation ((a) Sagittal slice; (b) and (c) Coronal slices), the pituitary infundibulum thickening was seen with minimal involvement of optic chiasm. At the follow-up evaluation 3 months later ((d) Sagittal slice; (e) and (f) Coronal Slices), abnormal enlargement and enhancement of infundibulum worsened with progressive involvement of left aspect of optic chiasm and proximal portion of left optic nerve. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4607247_Fig2_433778.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Transoesophageal echocardiography. a. The mitral annuloplasty ring was detached from the mitral annulus at a 136° angle in early diastole (arrow). LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; Ao = Aorta. b. The mitral valve is re-attached to the annuloplasty ring in early systole (arrow); trivial MR is present on colour Doppler echocardiography. c. Transoesophageal, two-chamber echocardiogram showing 15-mm long, highly mobile vegetations (arrow) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3679831_F2_210716.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Assessment of PMN adherence to microvessels by H&E staining. A) Micrographs showing PMNs adhering to arterioles: (a) sham-operated group; (b) I/R group; (c) GW9662 group; (d) telmisartan group; (e) telmisartan–GW9662 group; (f) candesartan group; (H&E stain; 400×). B) Micrographs show PMNs adhering to venules: (a) sham-operated group; (b) I/R group; (c) GW9662 group; (d) telmisartan group; (e) telmisartan–GW9662 group; (f) candesartan group; (H&E stain; 400×). C) Quantitative analyses of the number of PMNs adhering to microvessels. *P < 0.05 compared with sham-operated; #P < 0.05 compared with I/R. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21899.jpg | what type of imaging modality is shown? | ct w/contrast (iv) |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic49029.jpg | what organ is this image of? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4194020_Fig1_327151.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Areas of correlation between diffusion parameters and SCQ score. a–c Areas of significant (p < 0.05, corrected) positive correlation between FA and SCQ score (red). d Areas of significant (p < 0.05, corrected) negative correlation between RD and SCQ score (blue). SCQ social communication questionnaire, FA fractional anisotropy, RD radial diffusivity, ALIC anterior limb of the internal capsule, SCR superior corona radiata, PLIC posterior limb of the internal capsule, CST corticospinal tract, SCP superior cerebellar peduncle. Results overlaid on the MNI152 T1 1 mm brain. The mean FA skeleton is shown in green. Voxels showing significant values are enhanced using the tbss_fill function in FSL (Color figure online) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3831759_F2_244149.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Ballon shape during dilation process of cervix canal in-vivo for different time. Pressure and volume of dilation for CCBD in time. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxva90d0074yctoe143i.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3197153_pone-0025669-g006_112314.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | CDC administration reduced infarct size and increased capillary density.Infarct size measurements obtained using picro-Sirius red staining (A: top) and MRI (A: bottom) were found to correlate (B) and showed that CDC-treated hearts were less fibrotic than control hearts (C). Immuno-staining for CD31 showed increased capillary density in the peri-infarct region of CDC-treated hearts compared with controls; representative images are shown in (D) and quantified in (E). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4186610_f3-ol-08-05-1980_325662.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Microscopic appearance of the tumor revealing the typical mixture of mature adipose cells, thick-walled vessels and smooth muscle cells, which stained positively for human melanoma black-45 (staining, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×400). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3586481_fig10_189459.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Representative histochemical and immunohistochemical staining in kidney tissue (H and E, PAS, and active caspase-3) micrographs of experimental groups. (a) represented H&E, (b) PAS, and (c) represented active caspase-3 immunohistochemistry stained sections. (★) showed mononuclear cell infiltration; (white arrows) resembled basal represented membrane regularity and brush border in proximal tubule endothelium; (black arrows) represented active caspase-3 positive cells. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qt1f8j08321rqn55c8.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55648.jpg | what imaging modality was used to take this image? | mr - t2 weighted |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4629031_fig7_439759.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Interaction models of bavachinin (BNN) and bavachin (BVN) in MAO isozymes active sites. Docking poses in (a) human MAO-A with BNN and 2Z5X ligand (a1), BNN alone (a2), or BVN alone (a3) and in (b) human MAO-B with BNN and 2XCG (b1), BNN alone (b2), or BVN alone (b3). The analogs were surrounded with the closest active site residues where the difference in their interactive behavior with both isozymes is illustrated. Molecular surfaces are highlighted in brown for hydrophobic zones and blue for polar aminoacids. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_61220.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Hip Medial Heterotopic Ossification (Brooker Class IV). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3630224_pone-0061309-g006_199859.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Cholinergic innervation of RSV-infected fetal airways.Sections of fetuses delivered from dams inoculated with rrRSV or from pathogen-free controls co-stained with polyclonal antibodies against acetylcholine and NGF. Immunohistochemical analysis by confocal microscopy found increased acetylcholine immunoreactivity in the subepithelial neural plexus lining the lumen of fetal airways exposed in utero to RSV and co-expressing NGF immunoreactivity (asterisks). In contrast, noradrenaline and substance P immunoreactivity was very weak in all fetuses. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1065.jpg | What does this image show? | multiple myeloma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3772311_F4_231358.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Top illustrates the within-modality processing of abstractness in language semantics ([AS > CS], blue), gesture semantics ([AG > CG], yellow), and in common neural structures (green, overlapping regions). Bar graphs in the middle of figure illustrate the contrast estimates (extracted eigenvariates) for the commonly activated (green) medial superior frontal (left) and temporal pole/IFG cluster (right). These are representative for all overlapping activation clusters. The within-modality processing of concrete in contrast to abstract language semantics ([CS > AS], blue) and gesture semantics ([CG > AG], yellow) is illustrated at the bottom of figure. Here we found no overlap between activation patterns. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4244928_fig4_339338.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | A postoperative radiograph shows the proper retrograde placement of thermoplasticized gutta-percha in direct contact with the resin located inside the main canal. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2768090_fig1_49010.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | KLK6 and KLK13 expression in normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and epithelial ovarian cancer. The normal OSE stains positive for both KLK6 (A) and KLK13 (B). Serous epithelial cancers express KLK6 (C) and KLK13 (D) in the cytoplasm. In a mucinous ovarian tumour, KLK6 shows strong expression (E). KLK13 is positively expressed in a clear cell ovarian tumour (F). All photomicrographs were taken at × 40 magnification. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvk90vs074yd420gt2w.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4569676_Fig2_423535.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Patterns of neointimal coverage as visualized on optical coherence tomography images. a Homogeneous pattern (green); b heterogeneous pattern (light gray); c layered pattern (dark gray). Panels on the bottom right are color-coded cartoons of the corresponding OCT images, explaining the composition of the neointimal tissue. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4051685_pone-0099347-g007_296405.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Localization of recombinant hemagglutinins in leaves visualized by electron microscopy.Thin leaf sections mounted on copper grids were probed with monoclonal mouse anti-c-myc antibody followed by the goat anti-mouse-IgG conjugated to 10 nm gold particles. A and B. H5; C. H5-ELP; D. H5-HFBI. The membrane of immunodecorated PB is surrounded by ribosomes (arrows, C). Bars represent 250 nm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21503.jpg | what plane is demonstrated? | axial |
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