image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qw1fcz0832hehic7b5.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris ip |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41515.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Extraction of the mandibular left 1st molar due to resorption of the mesial root at the age of 15 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3589209_F1_189747.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Composite fundus photograph, fluorescein angiography and vertical OCT of the left eye. (a) Composite fundus photograph of the left eye on the day of presentation demonstrating mild vitritis, optic nerve edema with overlying exudates, macular thickening, and multiple track-like chorioretinal scars (arrowheads). Retinal veins show phlebitis with areas of inflammatory exudates (arrows). (b) and (c) Fluorescein angiography of the left eye shows leakage of fluorescein from the optic nerve and the retinal veins. (d) Vertical OCT image of the left eye demonstrates subretinal and intraretinal fluid. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2410120_fig2_23876.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A–D) Magnetic resonance images of mouse brain with Mel57-VEGF-A165 tumour, acquired prior to (A and C) and following administration of Gd-DTPA (B) and USPIO (D). The imaging parameters are the same as in Figure 1. From the image shown in the figure, three ROIs (labelled a, b and c) were analysed. (E and F) Immunostainings for pericytes (E) and extravasated IgGs (F) of a lesion in a section matched with the MRI slice. Note the highly dilatated tumour vasculature and the enormous amount of extravasated IgG. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2613387_F6_31976.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Representative Mason's trichrome stains of the lumbar spine (L2/3) of the experimental animal group B show the development of granulation tissue at the left paravertebral soft tissue (a). The magnification of the granulation tissue reveals numerous macrophages (arrows in b), being characteristic for the formation of granulation tissue. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3772067_pone-0072501-g010_231329.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microglial immunorectivity in striatal grafts.Ipsilateral striatum of sham (A–D), ES (E–H) or 7 days differentiated cells (I–L), transplanted groups were stained for CD11b immunoreactivity. No immune-staining for CD11b was detectable in vehicle, without any cells infused striatum (see A–D). Increased immunostaining for the microglial marker, CD11b is seen only in the ES (E–H) and 7 d cells (I–L) grafted striata. Each figure in CGK and D,H,L is the magnified versions of the marked regions of the figure from the previous figure in the same lane. Magnifications are as stated in Figure 8 legends. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4347407_f07_363550.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Sagittal tomographic slice and 3D CT scan of External Cervical Resorption
in left maxillary canine (circle) three months after restorative treatment
onset. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3777845_f0035_232479.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Seed-based correlation maps showing the group main effect for healthy controls and TLE patients. Representative seeds in the ipsilateral medial temporal (hippocampal head), lateral temporal (ITG) and insular regions are shown in the left column. The remaining columns show the Z-score maps at selected axial locations. As in prior figures, the hemisphere ipsilateral to the seizure focus is mapped on the left (I) while the contralateral hemisphere is mapped on the right (C). Illustrated clusters are significant (p < .01) after correction for multiple comparisons. Blue–green colors indicate negative correlations, red–yellow indicate positive correlations. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4557822_Fig2_420047.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Difficult examination due to patient distress. The foot and ankle has been held in a moderate degree of plantar flexion and internal rotation. Soft tissue swelling and posterior effusion is noted. Allowing even for the immature skeleton and positioning there appears to be significant widening of the subtalar joints and as this is the specific area of tenderness, bruising, inflammation, and some subtalar subluxation is suspected |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2852764_F0003_61675.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Postcontrast CT showed a 4×6 cm sized mass with central low signal density (asterisk) and peripheral high density, suggesting fluid and peripheral calcification. The space between the tibia and fibula was also enhanced (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4392638_Fig3_376966.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Subtotal ostial occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (RAO caudal view). Insert: preoperative coronary angiography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4476329_F2_398751.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Scrub typhus in a 67-year-old woman. Serial contrast-enhanced abdominal CT images shows gallbladder wall thickening and splenomegaly. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09733.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | CT angiogram of abdomen and pelvis – transverse section showing the mycotic aneurysm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3078927_pone-0018800-g004_92740.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological examination of aortas pre-selected by microCT and Sudanophilia.(A) MicroCT cross-section of an aorta from an Ldlr-1KO mouse revealed a lesion (demarcated in pink) occluding 69% of the aorta with variable internal density. (B) Verhoeff-Van Gieson stained section of the raised lesion outlined by the white rectangle in 4A contained a Type V fibroatheroma (Figure 4B) with a core of extracellular lipid rimmed by foam cells (corresponding to the dark center observed by microCT) and overlain by a fibrous cap (FC) that is better defined by birefringence on polarization of the same lesion stained with picrosirius red (C). Bar in C represents 100 microns. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3072383_pone-0018303-g003_91993.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Increased cellularity in PDGF-AL brains.An overview of coronal sections of a PDGF-AL transgenic mouse brain (AL8 line, #4012) and wt littermate control (H&E staining). Higher magnification images in lower panels of selected areas from the overviews serve to illustrate areas of increased cellularity (20x and 40x objectives, respectively). A rather loose texture of the accumulating “clear” cells is indicated with arrows in pia and cerebellum. Strikingly, the borders of the inner granular layer in cerebellum appeared to be diffuse compared to wt control brain. Abbreviations: Hp-hippocampus, CC-Corpus callosum, SVZ- subventricular zone, Cblm – cerebellum. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2670303_F2_37464.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Intracellular polysaccharide shedding by C. neoformans cells. Polysaccharide shedding capacity of C. neoformans strain H99 was tested in HPBMs. Top panel: Intracellular shedding of cryptococcal polysaccharide from C. neoformans cells into HPBMs after 18 h incubation. Bottom panel: HPBMs lacking intracellular cryptococcal cells showed no fluorescence. Bar = 10 μM |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19801.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Superior mesenteric angiogram shows visualization of the hepatic and splenic arteries via collaterals, suggesting celiac axis stenosis. The ruptured aneurysm is observed as an arterial malformation in the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arcade (arrow) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31600.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | MRI images of the lesion. The solitary lesion at the fourth hepatic segment is (A) hypointense on T1WI and (B) hyperintense on T2WI. The dynamic gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid MRI protocol showing a (C) mild ring-like enhancement during arterial phase, (D) continued and prominent enhancement in portal venous phase, and (E) that the enhancement of the tumor has decreased in the delayed phase, and that the septum is enhanced. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; WI, weighted image. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4049753_f3-ol-07-06-2073_295913.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Computed tomography of patients with various responses to cisplatin/pemetrexed chemotherapy. (A) PD in a patient who progressed with an obvious increase in the volume of pulmonary nodules (white arrows) and more emerging micro-lung metastases (white circles). (B) SD in a patient with more emerging micro-lung metastases and pleural effusion (arrows). (C) SD with less pleural effusion (arrows). (D) PR in a patient. The arrows indicate an obvious regression in the volume of pulmonary nodules. Day 42 and day 84 indicate two and four cycles of cisplatin/pemetrexed respectively. PD, progressive disease; SD, stable disease; PR, partial response. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2361857_fig2_21575.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4685311_f3_454825.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Statistical maps showing brain activation while participants had to evaluate hand soaps and toothpaste and mouthwash products.See text for details. Areas of significant fMRI signal change are shown as color overlays on the T1-MNI reference brain (FWE corrected at p > 0.05). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3106484_F1_97550.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Example images obtained from one volunteer using all techniques. The4x1.5mm slices shown of the 3D acquisition correspond to the single 6mm slices of the 2D acquisitions. There is a high degree of visual similarity between the initial (upper) and repeat images (below) acquired 29 days apart. Respiratory efficiency in the initial studies was 100% B2B-RMC, 40% 2D spiral and 38* TSE. In the repeat studies respiratory efficiency was 100% B2B-RMC, 55% 2D spiral and 40% 2D TSE. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18711.jpg | what type of imaging modality is shown? | xr - plain film |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2157.jpg | Is oral present? | yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_42273.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Contrast magnetic resonance imaging of brain, axial view showing peripheral rim enhancement of lesion |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2729750_F3_44005.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Immunohistochemistry of TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 in rat endometrium during the estrous cycle. IHC shown are from one representative experiment and were repeated four times using four different uterine sections from four different rats per day of the estrous cycle. Representative days of estrous cycle are presented (diestrus; proestrus; estrus; metestrus). C-: negative control. LE: luminal epithelium; S: stroma. Magnification: 400×. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3970802_fig-3_277716.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | AXH domain is not involved in foci formation.A YFP construct starting at the ataxin-1 AXH domain and ending at the last ataxin-1 amino acid (AXH2End) was expressed as a YFP fusion in COS cells (A and B). These cells showed a diffused YFP fluorescence which was nuclear, as evidenced by DAPI overlay (B). YFP tagged AXH domain also failed to form foci (C and D). Upon N-terminal extension of the AXH2End construct to include further residues starting from amino acids TLND, nuclear foci formation was observed (Figs. 4E and 4F). YFP fluorescence in left panels is overlaid with DAPI in right panels. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3919898_f3-ol-07-03-0721_265973.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Notch protein expression of (A) MCF-10F; (B) Alpha5; (C) Tumor2 cell lines. Biopsy specimens containing (D) ductal carcinoma and (E and F) invasive ductal carcinoma determined by immunoperoxidase technique (magnification, ×400). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2809363_fig5_55283.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Morphological aspects of primary cultures of myoblasts isolated from soleus and EDL muscles. Untreated myoblasts (control) or myoblasts treated at day 4 with either anti-TGFβ1 or anti-TβRI antibody were cultured as described in the Materials and Methods Section. Observations were performed at the indicated days after plating using an Hoffman contrast objective. Bars: 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_15584.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Malignant melanoma of the right nasal cavity. T1-weighted image showing heterogeneously hyperintense areas within tumor (arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pm1dw7083203g1b7yv.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | 5-10mm |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3677974_Fig1_210171.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. a A 2-cm SMT-like elevated lesion with a depression was observed at the posterior wall of the middle gastric body. b Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy: the surface of the tumor was lobular. c EUS revealed a low echoic mass located at the first to third layers |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1645.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3702448_F6_215872.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | T1 mapping artifact. Susceptibility artifact in the inferolateral wall of the midventricular plane (red arrow). The artifact was located at the border of the inferolateral and the inferior segment. In the corresponding map the artifact is hardly recognizable by visual assessment (white arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo9104074y30j4b8du.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3575259_F2_186155.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Accurate measurement of three-dimensional TKR kinematics using fluoroscopy. Model-based shape matching techniques were applied to (A) the acquired two-dimensional fluoroscopy images by (B) superimposing surface models of the components and embedded radiopaque markers and iteratively adjusting their three-dimensional pose to match the TKR silhouette. (C) Joint angles, including flexion, valgus, and axial rotation, were determined from the relative orientation between the femoral component and metal tibial baseplate and between the femoral component and polyethylene tibial bearing in each image. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2825.jpg | What does this image show? | bone nearly completely filled with tumor primary probably is lung |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3487652_F10_163425.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Internal female reproductive organs of Planinasus kotrbae sp. n., photos, left lateral view. 25 overview 26 vagina and associated organs 27 ventral receptacle and spermathecae 28 same, different focal plane. ag accessory gland co common oviduct ft fatty tissue ov ovaries sp spermatheca, slightly cracked and distorted in the microscopic slide preparation va vagina vr ventral receptacle. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3689129_F6_212911.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Jadera haematoloma on and around its host plant (Cardiospermum halicacabum) (site 1). 21 Chain-link fence with heartseed vine 22 Adult male feeding on a fruit (arrow: stylet with its basal portion ensheathed in the concavity of labrum) 23 Adult male feeding on a seed 24 fruit damaged by Jadera haematoloma (arrows: feeding scars) 25 seed damaged by Jadera haematoloma (arrow: feeding cone) 26 fourth instar larva feeding on the stalk of a fruit 27 larvae walking and feeding on a leaf stem of heartseed vine among leaf litter. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2873341_F2_64429.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Computed tomography of the chest showing mediastinal lymph node enlargement (upper image: September 2005, i.e. initial diagnosis of metastases). Slow progression in the absence of treatment (lower image: June 2008, i.e. before initiation of sunitinib therapy). The white arrow indicates metastasis in a thoracic vertebra. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3552618_fig2s1_180630.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Tubulin accumulation in large inclusions after different stresses is specific to TBs.Confocal projections of Arabidopsis GFP-TUA6 leaves subjected to the stress indicated and examined by in vivo confocal fluorescence microscopy. (A) Wild type CaMV-infected leaf epidermis, (B) Leaf epidermis infected with the CaMV-ΔP2 mutant that does not form TBs, and (C) Healthy lead epidermis. Arrows indicate tubulin-containing TBs, visualized by live GFP-tubulin fluorescence (green). Chloroplast autofluorescence is shown in magenta. Note, however, that heat-shock induced some small GFP-tubulin aggregates. Scale bar = 10 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00183.011 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4346122_Fig2_363373.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image |
Voxel-wise FDG comparisons. Patterns of hypometabolism in CBS-PIB- and CBS-PIB+ compared with normal controls (NC) and compared with each other. Voxel-wise comparisons included sex, education and age as nuisance variables. T-score maps are rendered on the ch2.better template. All results are presented at a threshold of P <0.001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons. CBS-PIB-, corticobasal syndrome Pittsburgh compound negative; CBS-PIB+, corticobasal syndrome Pittsburgh compound B positive; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4355733_f9_366077.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Confocal laser-scanning fluorescent images of RBE cells treated with lobaplatin (5 μg/mL) with and without CQ (20 μM) for 24 h.GFP-LC3 (green fluorescence) transfected RBE cells were labeled with Superior LysoProbe (IV) (1 μM, red fluorescence), and Hoechst 33342 (1 μg/ml, blue fluorescence). Cells were imaged on an inverted laser scanning fluorescent microscope (Olympus) using a 60 × oil immersion objective lens. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuz8zw4074yheicg35d.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4320174_Fig11_356149.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Coral leaf
. (a) original image. The rest are images processed using the following methods (b) HE, (c) ICM, (d) UCM, (e) PDSCC, (f) Proposed method. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04161.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Axial contrast-enhanced CT image of the abdomen demonstrating air within the IVC (arrow). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glfs4cn071u0m2x8rre.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4071001_pone-0100732-g005_301193.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Tumor targeting evaluation in vivo.Group 1: mice with LoVo tumors prior and after injection of blank PEALCa; Group 2: mice with LoVo tumors prior and after injection of SPIO-PEALCa (A). The relative T2 value of both groups prior and after injection(B). Prussian blue staining images of the tumor histological sections treated with PTX-PEALCa and PTX-SPIO-PEALCa (200 ×) (C). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8908k074y6z8zc2oy.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4052148_fig4_296540.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | (a and b) Clinical and radiographic examination at 12 months revealed spontaneous eruption of canine and its more vertical placement. (c and d) Restoration of central incisor and canine with resin composite: a clinical view. (e) Restoration of central incisor and canine: a radiographic view. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3468438_pone-0047021-g004_159699.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Histopathology of the tumor tissues and liver of mice following MESB treatment.Histopathalogical sections of thigh and liver of a tumor bearing mouse with and without treatment with MESB after 30th day A(a–f) and C(a–f) and 45th day B(a–f) and D(a–f) of development of tumor. Magnification shown are 10x (a, c and e in all panels) and 40x (b, d and f in all panels). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3728212_pone-0071190-g003_221454.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Morphology of nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis Min system mutant plants infected with TRV-GFP or TRV-ALB3.All plants were infected with TRV-GFP or TRV-ALB3 at 12 days old. Nongreen plastids were observed 3 weeks after infection. (A) Confocal chlorophyll autofluorescence images of nongreen plastids were captured from leaf mesophyll cells. Scale bars = 10 µm. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs of nongreen plastid ultrastructure in VIGS-ALB3 plants in wild-type and Min system mutants. Scale bars = 2 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic58841.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | acute dural venous sinus thrombosis (dvst), secondary temporal lobe venous hemorrhagic infarction |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4464351_f2-mmr-12-02-1699_395715.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Effects of QC on pathological changes of prostate tissue in BPH rats. Samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed under a light microscope (magnification, ×100). Cont, control group; Model, model group; Finast, finasteride group; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; QC, qianliening capsules. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2689217_F1_39377.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Transvaginal ultrasound image of septated right ovarian cyst in IVF, which reappeared after puncture performed prior to gonadotropin therapy. Aspirated fluid was consistent with borderline vs. well-differentiated ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4439086_pone.0127691.g002_388419.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Histological analysis of horn buds and frontal skin from wild type fetuses (gd 115 and 140).(A-D): Horn buds with multiple layers of vacuolated keratinocytes. Note the absence of hair follicles below the horn bud in (A-D). (A) and (C): Note thick nerve bundles in the dermis below the horn bud (black stars). (B) and (D): Represent magnifications (A) and (C). (E-H): Frontal skin. (E) and (G): Note the absence of thick nerve bundles in the dermis. (F) and (H) represent magnifications of (E) and (G). Haematoxylin and eosin. Gd = gestation days, ep = epidermis, de = dermis, hf = hair follicles. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0010.jpg | Is the late-phase reaction composed of small cells embedded in a finely fibrillar matrix? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2272.jpg | What is present? | colon |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4456790_Fig1_393715.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Initial radiograph. (A) Anteroposterior view and (B) lateral view. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2987.jpg | Do good example tastefully shown with face out of picture and genitalia stain? | no |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0695.jpg | Is rheumatoid nodule composed of central necrosis rimmed by palisaded histiocytes? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic53066.jpg | what organ system is being imaged? | spine and contents |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4183518_pone-0109014-g005_324697.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Increased analgesic response to new treatment following a positive treatment history is associated with higher pain related activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, A) and the striatum (B).Images show BOLD responses (t-scores) to painful heat stimulation related to the ‘group-by-condition-interaction’ contrast [Positive group [treated>untreated site]>Negative group [treated>untreated site]], for details see Table 1 E2. For visualization purposes the images are thresholded at p<0.005. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3482521_F2_162231.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Preoperative panoramic X-ray view. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06982.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan of the chest showing a crescent shaped lucency (air crescent sign) with in the area of consolidation left upper lobe |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4575081_pone.0138573.g004_424862.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Description of primary central nervous system lymphoma by multiple parameters from diffusion and DCE-MR.A 16 years old female with primary central nervous system lymphoma in the right frontal lobe. ADC map showed that the tumor had decreased signal intensity with peritumoral edema (a); tumor on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI manifested as severe enhancement (b); the corresponding Ve (c) and iAUC (d) maps showed higher value in tumor parenchyma than peritumoral area; concentration-time curve (CTV) of the tumor manifested as a slowly rising type (e); histologic results: large B cell lymphoma (f), (Hematoxylin- Eosin(HE) ×10). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4231087_pone-0112922-g008_336031.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Spheroid formation in Lipidure-coated plates.Cells were cultured in non-adherent Lipidure-coated 96-well U-bottom plates for time-lapse recording over 24 hrs. MDCK II cells attached together quickly to form several spheroids, each consisting of a small number of cells. The spheroids themselves did not fuse together, remaining separate from each other (white arrowheads). EpH4 cells did not attach together quickly, and tended to form a single spheroid. R2/7 α-Cate cells attached together quickly and tended to form a single spheroid. Bar, 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4501069_Fig1_405718.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Preoperative MR images axial T2 fat sat. (left) and sagittal T2 fat sat. (right) show a complete tear of the Achilles tendon with a gap about 2.4 cm filled with fluid signal intensity |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_41375.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Post operative x-ray showing the proud bipolar prosthesis and extravasated cement |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3492103_F1_164438.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Computed tomography scan of the patient’s abdomen (A and B): A mesenteric lymphadenopathy of 2.7cm maximum diameter with a hypodense center was detected (white arrows) |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3460739_F2_157919.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Histological findings of the tumor. (a) The primary ovarian tumor was composed of closely packed irregular papillae, some of which had fibrous cores, lined by cells with stromal invasion. The tumor cells had atypical nuclei with prominent nucleoli and high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios. Psammoma bodies were occasionally seen (upper left). (b) A specimen from right supraclavicular lymph node composed of cuboidal cells with oval to round nuclei with papillary infiltration. Psammoma bodies were frequently seen. (a,b) Stain: hematoxylin and eosin; magnification: ×400. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25128.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | displaced bucket handle tear of the medial meniscus |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl5s3vv071u18ipbr2h.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic50404.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | brain, cerebral abscess |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1310924_f3-ehp0113-001594_4121.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | CYP1A1 expression in transitional epithelium from the bladder of Arctic beluga whale. CYP1A1 is labeled pink to dark red; arrows indicate cells with labeling and the identical cell type without labeling. (A) CYP1A1 expression in the transitional epithelium of bladder; labeling is most intense in the umbrella cells. (B) Serial section from beluga shown in (A) labeled using the nonspecific antibody UPC-10. Magnification, 400×. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyododk086ue7wwgllj.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3772067_pone-0072501-g010_231325.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Microglial immunorectivity in striatal grafts.Ipsilateral striatum of sham (A–D), ES (E–H) or 7 days differentiated cells (I–L), transplanted groups were stained for CD11b immunoreactivity. No immune-staining for CD11b was detectable in vehicle, without any cells infused striatum (see A–D). Increased immunostaining for the microglial marker, CD11b is seen only in the ES (E–H) and 7 d cells (I–L) grafted striata. Each figure in CGK and D,H,L is the magnified versions of the marked regions of the figure from the previous figure in the same lane. Magnifications are as stated in Figure 8 legends. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3797320_f1-etm-06-04-1022_237923.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histopathology of hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens in different groups of BALB/c mice (magnification, ×400): (A) control mice; (B) mice pretreated with ginsenoside Rg1 only; (C) mice pretreated with acetone plus ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation; (D–F) mice irradiated with different doses of UVB (30, 60 and 120 mJ/cm2, respectively); (G–I) mice pretreated with ginsenoside Rg1 plus UVB irradiation (30, 60 and 120 mJ/cm2, respectively). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2263057_F1_18592.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Representative results of immunohistochemical staining of CapG in normal tissues, OPLs, and primary OSCCs. A: Normal oral tissue exhibits negative CapG protein expression (original magnification × 100); B: CapG-positive case of OPL. The immunoreaction is enhanced in the spinous layer (original magnification × 100); C: CapG-positive case of OSCC (stage IV). Strong positive immunoreactivity for CapG is detected in the nuclear and cytoplasm (original magnification × 200); D: The same OSCC sample is immunostained in the absence of the primary antibody (original magnification × 200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3056806_F2_90099.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Pre-operative radiographs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4499409_fig5_405365.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) (Optovue, Fremont, CA) at 3 months and 12 months postoperative. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2856387_F0004_62278.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Lateral X-ray of lumbosacral spine (a) in a four-year-old child shows TB of L1–L3 with kyphosis of 40°. Lateral X-ray of same patient (b) where lumbar kyphosis is corrected with pedicle subtraction and Hartshill fixation. The kyphosis is corrected to 10° |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3967638_fig2_276939.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Photographic representation of percent wound contraction on different postexcision days of control, AME (200 mg/kg) and VTE (200 mg/kg) treated rats on day 4 (Control: 9.9, AME: 20.9, VTE: 20.6), day 8 (control: 30.3, AME: 45.8, VTE: 52.4), day 12 (control: 52.9, AME: 80.9, VTE: 78.4), day 16 (control: 89.9, AME: 96.5, VTE: 99.3), and day 20 (control: 98.8, AME: 100, VTE: 100). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3097590_F3_95807.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Transverse color Doppler US image shows vascular flow within the solid components. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic21622.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | face, sinuses, and neck |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3919927_f4-etm-07-03-0709_266082.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Histology of buccal mucosa tissues induced by injecting U14 squamous cell carcinoma cells into mice (H&E staining; magnification, ×100). Group A, mice were administered 400 mg/kg by gavage and topically treated with 100 mg/ml Kunming tea; Group B, mice were administered 800 mg/kg by gavage and topically treated with 200 mg/ml Kunming tea; Group C, mice were administered 1,600 mg/kg by gavage and topically treated with 400 mg/ml Kunming tea. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3480469_pone-0048007-g003_161898.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Results of the weighted parametric fMRI analysis.
a. The behavioral pattern of PCE/NCE was associated with a similar pattern of activity changes in the premotor cortex, especially the SMA, the caudate and the putamen (p<0.005 for display purpose). b. Comparison between the compatibility effect and striatal BOLD signal activity across ISIs in a representative subject. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4342219_pone.0118212.g004_362802.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Proceedings of HIFU ablation.Example of HIFU ablations all around (top) or at a predefined distance (bottom) to a metallic mark in several steps: first target (1) then ablate (in 40 seconds) and visualize the ablated area with the integrated ultrasound imaging probe (2) and macroscopically (3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3639898_F2_202158.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder is shown. (A) H&E of tumor from partial cystectomy specimen (40× magnification), (B) H&E of tumor from partial cystectomy specimen (200× magnification), (C) H&E of metastatic tumor from one of 13 positive lymph nodes (40× magnification), (D) Chromogranin IHC (40× magnification), (E) synaptophysin IHC (40× magnification) and (F) CD56 IHC (40× magnification). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2830976_F1_58297.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Esophagogastroscopy on admission. (a) Endoscopic picture shows esophagogastric varices (Li F2 Cb RC (+), Lg-cf F1 RC (-). (b) White thrombus was observed on the middle of the esophageal varices. (c) The first session of variceal ligation with one rubber band was carried out successfully. (d) Endoscopic picture shows the banded varices 5 days after the first variceal ligation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qq1f2v0832ecn3egfr.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4609080_Fig1_434276.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Representative images of changes in bone microarchitecture in rats. Tibias of F344 rats were dissected and evaluated ex vivo by micro-CT (a) and slicing of undecalcified tissues (H & E staining); (b) eight weeks after treatment |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2914745_pone-0011929-g004_70569.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Localization of wt and mutant TPPI in CHO cells.Freshly plated CHO cells at 70% confluency were transiently transfected with mutant plasmids using FugeneHD reagent. After 24 h, cells were immunostained for TPPI (RAS307, rabbit polyclonal) and LAMP (mouse monoclonal). Secondary antibodies labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 (green fluorescence visualizing TPPI) and Alexa Fluor 555 (red fluorescence visualizing LAMP) were used. Upon merging, the yellow color indicates overlap of expressed proteins. Digital images were taken at a magnification of ×1000. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45819.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Lateral radiograph following dual-plane fixation of an L1 fracture. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1py1e8z0832gv1t14hb.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3606420_F3_194086.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A low power view showing the cystic components (arrowheads) of the tumor (H&E, magnification ×12.5, A). Sheets and nests of uniform polygonal epithelioid cells with round or oval nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm divided by thin fibrovascula stroma were found. Pseudopapillary structures were observed. Cell atypia was mild and mitosis was not found (H&E, magnification ×200, B; H&E, magnification ×400, C). Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for CD56 (D), CD10 (E), and the nuclear type of β-catenin (F) (Magnification ×400, D-F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4322314_fig1_356810.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | (a) Lung. Microscopic alveolar examination showing diffuse inflammatory macrophage and lymphocyte cell infiltration, suggesting pulmonary pneumonia. (b) Liver. Macroscopic examination showed liver cirrhosis. Microscopic examination showed pseudolobule in the liver (hematoxylin eosin staining and Azan staining). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4620499_f1_437416.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Continental arrangement at the time of the last two mass extinction events, and the diversity of extant lineages of Triassic and Cretaceous ages.(A,B), Continental arrangement at the Triassic-Jurassic (A) and Cretaceous-Paleogene (B) boundaries (Copyright Ron Blakey Colorado Plateau Geosystems, Inc.). (C–F) The present-day diversity of ancient lineages as compiled in the present study, based on dated phylogenies and distribution data (see Methods section) and mapped in ArcGIS ver. 9.339. Lineages of Late Triassic (C,E) and Late Cretaceous (D,F) age – untransformed (C,D) and weighted to indicate where narrowly-distributed lineages are more numerous (E,F). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC1421418_F5_4978.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | 3D FEM models at systole for the three data sets. (a) patient 1, (b) patient 2, (c) and (d) patient 3 at two different time steps in the cardiac cycle. Here a smoothing factor [13] of 20 and a decimation factor [13] of 20 were applied in order to obtain FEM models with a reasonable number of FEM triangles for further processing. 3D FEM model of the same data set as in Figures 3 and 4. The three planes (some with level sets) for each spatial direction show the cutting planes through the model. No smoothing or decimation was applied. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4526180_Fig4_412206.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | A 27-year-old male with T8/9 lesions was performed by posterior-only approach. a-d The pre-operative imaging data showed T8/9 presented with severe bone destruction, formation of local paraspinal abscess and compression of spinal cord. The postoperative anterior-posterior (e) and lateral X-ray (f) indicated posterior long-segment fixation was in good position. X-ray (g, h) showed good bone fusion and no obvious loss of kyphosis angle in 3 months postoperative. Sagittal and coronal CT-scan (i, j) showed satisfactory bone fusion without presence of complications related to instrumentation and relapse of Pott’s disease at the final follow-up |
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