image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27819.jpg | what organ systems can be evaluated with this ultrasound? | gastrointestinal |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4491581_fig4_402988.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | In situ zymographic analysis for MMP-9 activity in dorsal skin of TEA-treated mice against UVB-induced skin damage. (a) Images of gelatinoylysis/MMP-9 and (b) its higher magnification. Degradation of collagen by gelatinases was detected as fluorescence. TEA treatment significantly suppressed gelatinoylysis and MMP-9 expression in the dermal region. TEA, thread embedding acupuncture; MMP-9, matrix-metalloproteinase-9; UV, ultraviolet B. Scale bars = 200 μm (a) and 100 μm (b). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4243735_Fig4_338959.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. |
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
SKS13
overexpressing plants. 3-3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of detached leaves from Ws, mutant 3790, Col-0 and SKS13 overexpressing transgenic line G101. The arrows indicate the part of each leaf that was injured by forceps to serve as a positive control for the DAB staining. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4598836_f5_431347.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | STEM–EDS analysis of E1.(a) HAADF image. Panels labelled as Zn, Ni, Cu, Mg and Co are intensity maps for the respective characteristic X-rays. The individual EDS maps show uniform spatial distributions for each element and are atomically resolved. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1760.jpg | What opened the other from capsular surface many cysts? | nice photo one kidney |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy9dnuw086uf7h250uk.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3976929_fig4_279116.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial (a) and coronal (b) images of contrast enhanced CT of the paranasal sinuses show an ill-defined poorly enhancing lesion at the operated (maxillectomy) site extending into the left orbit. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4531435_Fig2_413697.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Posterior intraconal tumor in the left orbit of a 51-year-old female patient (case 2). a Forward shift of the upper lid skin crease as sign of mild proptosis (arrow). b Bone perforation connecting the orbit with the anterior cranial fossa (arrow, computed tomography). c Irregular contrast enhancement of the well-circumscribed round tumor after on T1-weighted magnetic resonance tomography (asterisk) impairing visual acuity. d Histopathologic evaluation showing large cavernous vessels (arrows), confirming the diagnosis of a hemangioma (Elastica van Gieson staining, original magnification ×50). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4226198_F3_334638.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Detailed legend: Computed tomography axial image (a) and magnetic resonance imaging coronal image (b) of the head, performed without (a) and with (b) the administration of contrast material, showing the infiltrative lesion in the external right ear and its relation to anatomical structures. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2500017_F2_26358.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | FRAP of Nrg-GFP in embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of epithelial cells in wild-type (A), nrx IV (B), cont (C) and Dfvari (D) embryos at stage15. Pre-bleach images are shown on the left. The sections of cell interface that were bleached are indicated with boxes. Images on the right show the recovery of fluorescence 160 seconds after bleaching. Bar: 5 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4217719_pone-0110107-g001_332358.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | SRL histochemistry to normal and cancerous human breast tissues.SRL histochemistry was performed in human breast (normal, primary cancer and metastatic) tissue samples. SRL shows weak binding to normal human breast tissues but strong binding to primary cancer and metastatic breast tissues. All the images were obtained with 100X magnification. Arrows point to SRL binding to apical surface of the secretory gland epithelia. Representative images of both Haematoxylin-Eosin and Biotin-SRL staining are shown. SRL binding was evaluated through optical analysis by measuring the mean area of stained cells scored arbitrarily as intense (+++), moderate (++), light (+) and no staining (−). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4040475_F2_293294.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Inaccuracy in node level localization due to variations in head position. For patient 7, the correct localization of the sentinel node on simulation CT (B) was based on vascular calcifications on SPECT/CT (A) (white arrows). The discordance between SPECT/CT (level 2) and simulation CT (level 3) is due to uncontrolled position of the head for SPECT/CT acquisition and subsequent relative position of hyoid bone (dotted red line, C and D). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54991.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | diffuse large b-cell lymphoma |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1683.jpg | Is lymph node present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4526692_pone.0134857.g002_412352.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 69-year-old man with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the middle third of the bile duct suffered stent blockage five months after stent implantation.(a) One month after intraductal RFA, CT showed the tumor was enlarged with obvious enhancement, plus liver metastases. (b) Hepatic artery angiography revealed multiple metastases nodules in the liver (arrows). (c) After the second TACE, lipiodol depositions were found in the tumor (arrows) and liver metastases. (d) CT images obtained at 3-month follow-up showed the tumor had reduced in size. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_10074.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | A 15-year-old male presented with acute epigastric pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. High resolution ultrasound using linear array transducer shows ascaris with triple line within in the dilated main pancreatic duct (long white arrow) with pancreatitis |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3097572_F0002_95798.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Three-dimensional virtual CT scan image showing the track followed by the arrowhead that now lies with its tip just in touch with upper and middle pole of left kidney. It has not caused any pneumo/hemothorax |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2933604_F3_72724.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Correlation between inflammatory infiltration and collagen degradation. Picro Siriusred staining (panel A: collagen deposition = red) showing areas with massive collagen degradation. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 (panel B) and 27E10 (panel C) demonstrated accumulation of infiltrating cells particularly at the intima-media border (arrows indicate areas with profound vascularization). MMP1 (panel D) and MMP9 (panel E) were strongly expressed at the intima-media border and in deeper areas of the media. Interestingly, MMP2 expression was only very low (not shown). In situ zymography (panel F: collagenolysis) showed massive collagenolytic activity at the intima-media border and in deeper areas of the media. (m: media; i: intima; original magnification: ×100) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3344877_pone-0036441-g007_136693.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Fluorescent structures in E. coli BL21 overexpressing mCherry-DnaA(117–378).Two examples (A and B) of phase-contrast (left image), fluorescence (middle) and their overlay (right) images of BL21 cells expressing mCherry-DnaA(117–378) during 4 hours. The cells visible as non-fluorescent in B actually display a fluorescence level similar to those shown in Figure 5D1, that is just too low relative to intensity of inclusion bodies. Scale bar is 2 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3368216_fig1_140591.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological analysis of the liver (Oil Red-O staining). The liver was extracted 14 days after commencing the treatment. Oil Red-O staining was performed in frozen liver sections to detect the presence of fat. Lipid droplets are stained red with Oil Red-O. The arrowhead shows the lumen of a blood vessel. These images are representative of observations made on 8 mice per group. (Scale bar: 50 μm). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3082839_F0002_93479.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Fiber optic bronchoscopy shows the tumor in the opening of right main bronchus (RMB) near carina |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_43952.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Bilateral SDH following shunt |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2813635_F0001_55817.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Initial MRI with the classical bone marrow edema picture of the right femoral head and neck. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3736548_fig6_223550.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Verbal memory fMRI task: between-groups T2 versus T1 ANOVA. Regions showing greater activation for t2 > t1, for pomegranate group > placebo group, were found in the left hemisphere in occipital polar regions (ANOVA, Z > 2.0, P = .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2838916_F1_59309.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Mycosis fungoides presentation, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations. (a) Bullous lesions are present on two indurated erythematous plaques on the left thigh. (b) Histopathologic section showing subcorneal and intra-epidermal bullae accompanied by infiltrates of atypical lymphocytes. (c) Direct immunofluorescence examination reveals the absence of immunoreactants both within the epidermis and at the dermo-epidermal junction. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1971.jpg | What does this image show? | kidney |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic3098.jpg | what is the primary abnormality in this image? | spontaneous thoracic esophageal perforation (boerhaave's syndrome) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2361857_fig2_21567.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptide binding. Tumour and endothelial cells were incubated with 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein-labelled anti-NP1 and anti-KDR peptides on chamber slides for 18 h. Peptide binding to the VEGF receptors, NP-1 and KDR, was examined on 4T1 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B) and HUVEC (C) cells by confocal microscopy (× 400 magnification). Images are representative of a scan zoom of between 1- and –4.2-fold. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3753733_fig5_227565.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Pelvic ultrasound demonstrates a right adnexal mass (labeled RT ADN) adjacent to the uterus (labeled UT) with surrounding hypoechoic fluid suspicious for ectopic pregnancy. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3608261_fig16_194523.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | The effect of the averaging of the data at l = 4 represented by the maxima detected from Q-ball glyphs. There is not a significant difference between the quality of the data without and with averaging even at higher b-values. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3600207_fig5_192671.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Asymmetrical 18F-FDG uptake appreciable in larynx at PET/CT scan (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2775675_pone-0007973-g003_50390.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Internalization of FM-4-64 in leaf tissue expressing AtEHD2 and mutant forms.
N. benthamiana leaves transiently expressing AtEHD2 forms as indicated were injected with 5 µM FM-4-64 48 hours after transformation. Leaf sections were visualized under a laser-scanning-meta confocal microscope (zeiss) 60 minutes after injection. Bars = 20 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3782247_F1_233267.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Panoramic radiography demonstrating: A) First and second right maxillary molars probably responsible for the cyst-like lesion appearing at their apices, B) Gutta-percha used for tracing the course of sinus tract showing occluso-apical dimension of the lesion which was not detected in periapical view, and C) Complete healing of the lesion 9 months after root canal therapy and permanent restoration |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2803975_F1_54350.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Chest X-ray evolution (admission to discharge from ICU). Increased heart-thorax index and heterogeneous diffuse infiltrate sparing upper lobes and bases. Favorable radiological evolution. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_45160.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Complete obliteration of the sacroiliac joint is noted on this oblique x-ray evaluation of the joint. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4497710_f4_404843.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Time course of morphological changes in the submandibular salivary glands in X-ray-irradiated mice (25 Gy). The salivary glands were retrieved at 4 days and 16 weeks postirradiation, and the paraffin sections were subjected to hematoxylin–eosin staining. Similar observations were obtained from two additional mice from each strain. Bar=20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_1963.jpg | What said to be due to syringomyelia ? | good example of muscle atrophy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3031590_pone-0016510-g006_85879.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Group x listening condition interaction effects on regional network measures.Surface maps display cortical regions showing a significant interaction effect (p<.05, uncorrected) between age group and listening condition on regional network measures of (top panels) and (bottom panels). The color bar indicates the significance (F-statistic) of the interaction effect. Table 2 provides p-values and indicates the nature of the interaction effects in each significant region. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1560372_F3_7027.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Direct selection of Pc 23–231-GFP mutants with increased fluorescence. Fluorescence of the three prion mutants (17, 22 and 25) isolated by the procedures described. Each was grown overnight on agar plates and a heavy inoculum transferred to a sectored agar plate supplemented with IPTG to induce expression of the fusion protein. After three hours at 37 degrees the plate was photographed under UV light. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2705.jpg | What does this image show? | acute myocardial infarction |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3472052_Fig1_160357.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Myeloid sarcoma of the uterine cervix. a Biopsy showing medium-sized neoplastic cells intermixed with eosinophil precursors (H & E). b Neoplastic cells expressed CD45 (leucocyte common antigen) (immunoperoxidase). c Neoplastic cells expressed myeloperoxidase (immunoperoxidase). d Positron emission tomography, showing a hypermetabolic lesion (arrow) at the uterine cervix. e Post-treatment scan, showing diminution of the size and metabolic activity of the lesion |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3202134_fig5_113242.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | A 2-year-old female with a left parietal primitive neuroectodermal (PNET), WHO grade IV. (a) Axial T1 postcontrast. A faintly enhancing left parietal lobe mass is present (arrows). (b) DWI sequence. The mass is hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging. (c) ADC map. Signal hypointensity of the lesion on the ADC map (arrow) is present, consistent with restricted diffusion related to dense cell packing. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3296773_pone-0032996-g002_128820.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Metabolic protein expression in primary and metastatic lesions of pancreatic adenocarcinomas.Immunohistochemical examination of GLUT1 (A) HK2 (B), ALDOB (C), ENO3 (D), PKM2 (E), LDHA (F) IDH3A (G) expression in uninvolved pancreas, pancreatic tumor, and liver, lung, lymph node and diaphragm metastatic lesions. The staining was performed with Fast-Red stain. The images were captured at 200× magnification. Tumor cell area (T), stromal cell area (S) and uninvolved region (U) are indicated in the IHC images. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3457608_fig4_157051.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Anatomo-pathologic examination of the primary lesion (ethmoidal samples): the two tumoral contingents are present at the outset: adenocarcinoma (AC) is in contact with chondroid chordoma (CC). Physaliphorous cells are visible (→). Their nuclei are eccentric, with prominent nucleoli and cytoplasmic vacuoles of mucoid material. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4417536_Fig5_382943.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunohistochemistry of ZEB1 protein expression. Immunohistochemical detection of ZEB1 in human pancreatic tissue samples. Representative images of ZEB1 expression: Upper panels, ZEB1 is expressed in periacinar cells in normal pancreatic tissue samples. Lower panels, detection of ZEB1 in stromal cells, but not in epithelial tumor cells in PDAC samples. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4303217_fig05_352363.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Immunofluorescence staining for fast and slow myosins in the muscle of Brody patient (BP). Confocal microscopy images of transverse skeletal muscle sections stained with anti-fast (top) and anti-slow (bottom) myosin antibodies (green). WGA (red) stains connective tissue. DAPI (blue) counterstains nuclei. Increased fiber size variability and fiber hypertrophy is readily observed in both types of the BP muscle fibers. Bar, 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4206269_pone-0104262-g017_329667.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | In vivo B-mode images extracted from the 3D volumetric data.The imaging array scans perpendicularly to the image plane with a step size of 0.5 mm. a–b) B mode images with the catheter in-plane. c–d) B mode images with the catheter perpendicular to the image plane. a) & c) Reference images with active element turned off. b) & d) images with the active echo spot. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2949720_F1_75196.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Pre-operative MR images illustrating the presence of a cystic lesion located in the pineal region. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3485272_pone-0047515-g002_162904.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | BOLD activations in the cerebellum induced by electrical stimulation of S1.(a)–(b) A representative t-score map of BOLD activation in Monkey 1 in one session (250 µA, 30 runs). (a) BOLD activation at the site of EM. In Monkey 1, right S1 was stimulated (arrow). (b) BOLD activations in the cerebellum. Cb5, cerebellar lobule V. Cop, copula myramidis. (c)–(d) A representative t-score map of BOLD activation in Monkey 2 in one session (500 µA, 9 runs). Conventions are the same as in (a) and (b). (c) BOLD activation at the site of EM. In Monkey 2, left S1 was stimulated (arrow). (d) BOLD activations in the cerebellum. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3988081_pone-0094844-g001_281464.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | T2-weighted mid-sagittal MRI scan of (a) a healthy subject (b) and Chiari Type I malformation patient with arrow indicating location of tonsillar herniation through the foramen magnum and an asterisk indicating the medullary (brainstem) compression. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4352527_F1_365034.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
B. elegans; flower, shrub and leaf |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3000416_F7_80863.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Axial computed tomography (CT) image in mediastinal soft tissue window-level setting shows the characteristic appearance of a fat-containing tumor with density values of approximately -50 to -100HU (Hounsfield units), in this case a subpleural lipoma. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_1721.jpg | Where is this? | urinary |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4277406_pone-0115911-g004_346991.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Immunohistochemical staining of protein expression.The staining patterns of 19 proteins transcribed from genes in the enriched or enhanced categories are exemplified here in one to three tissue types. The gene name, tissue type and FPKM-value in brackets are shown for each image. BM: bone marrow; LN: lymph node; Appx: appendix. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_34774.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | A cyst with nodular thickening of the wall and internal septa. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4328833_F1_358416.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | T2 scans from one subject acquired using the T2P4TE sequence under breath-hold (BH), free breathing (FB), and free breathing with respiratory navigator gating (FB+NAV). Data are shown without (uncorrected) and with (motion corrected) in-plane motion correction. The endocardial contour of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, drawn on the reference image (1st image) of each scan, is reported in all subsequent T2-weighted images to facilitate visual motion assessment. Misalignments observed among uncorrected images (white arrows) were substantially reduced after in-plane motion correction using ARCTIC. Furthermore, artifacts in uncorrected T2 maps (white arrows) were reduced in motion corrected T2 maps. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3667362_Fig4_207847.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Male 25-year-old patient with bone sarcoma of the tibia: a preoperative plain X-ray; b, c preoperative MRI for diagnosis and staging; d, e postoperative X-ray with Ilizarov external fixator after fixation of the fibula with two interfragmentary screws; f, g plain X-ray taken six months postoperatively; h, i stress fracture after the Ilizarov fixator and above-knee cast was applied; j X-ray showing union of stress fracture; k plain X-ray taken 18 months postoperatively, showing fibula hypertrophy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2891720_F5_67384.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Spatial pattern of galectin-3/Mac-2 immunoreactive cells within the corpus callosum following TBI. Representative photomicrographs illustrating galectin-3/Mac-2-ir cells in the white matter in a TBI animal 24 after injury. Labelling within every 12th serial section is shown. Qualitative assessment shows that the density of galectin-3/Mac-2 labelling is highest at the impact site (panels C and D). Labelling density decreases at levels both anteriorly (panels A and B) and posteriorly (panels E and F) from this site. Bar = 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4383608_pone.0120140.g001_374666.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Comparison of static imaging and reference high-dose protocols.FDK reconstructions of gated data obtained with the reference high-dose protocol (A) and with the static imaging protocol (B) comprising 32 and 8 frames per projection angle, respectively. C: Absolute image difference between two high-dose respiratory phases. D: Prior image obtained from the addition of the four low-dose respiratory phases and processed with a Gaussian filter to reduce noise. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3135520_F3_102106.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Ectopic white-matter bundles expressing myelin basic protein (MBP) immunoreactivity are present in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the BTBR mouse. Immunostaining of MBP in representative (A, C, E) BTBR and (B, D, F) B6 brains. (A, B) Absence of the corpus callosum was prominently seen at low magnification in BTBR. (C, D). At higher magnifications, small ectopic bundles of MBP-immunoreactive white-matter tracts were seen in the ACC of BTBR brain (arrows). (E, F) High magnification of MBP immunoreactivity in the cingulate cortex. Scale bars = (A, B) 500 μm, (C, D) 100 μm, (E, F) 50 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1171.jpg | Is respiratory present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3423759_f2-rado-46-01-69_151121.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | The histopathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (A and B), prostate cancer (C and D). (A and C: 100× magnification; B and D: 400× magnification). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qh1evj08327fi0fe1r.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3748409_fig2_225795.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Nasal biopsy showing numerous multinucleated giant cells (haematoxylin-eosin staining). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4115667_F1_310061.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (A–D) Axial HBS SPECT-CT image through the abdomen of a patient with hemochromatosis and multifocal HCC. Notice the regional uptake differences in cirrhotic and tumorous tissue (A). Corresponding MRI T2 weighted image (B). Same patient before (C) and after (D) RE of the left lobe including segment 4. (C) It is from the same HBS SPECT/CT as image (A), but shown in a different axial plane. The decrease of 99mTc-mebrofenin uptake after treatment is best visible in segment 4. The area of high uptake is biliary excretion in a dilated bile duct. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_69593.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | SB positioned left side. IVC (red color) drains to RA. DA(blue color) is positioned left to the vertebra. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4456149_pone.0128096.g002_393582.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Ultra-structural analysis of HMGEC.Cells were either cultured in serum-free medium until they reached 90% confluence (A) or cultured in serum-containing medium for 1 (B, higher magnification in F), 3 (C), 7 (D) or 14 (E) days. Cytokeratin filaments (CF) elongated and desmosomes (black arrow heads) increased in serum-treated cells over time, but desmosomes were not visible in cells grown in serum-free media. Lipid droplets (arrows) can be seen in serum-treated cells. N = nuclei, ES = extracellular space. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4493959_Fig5_403715.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail |
a 3D ECG-gated cine image as a function of cardiac cycle, obtained at 7 T at 104 μm isotropic resolution after injection of USPIO at 200 μmol Fe/kg. Short axis: upper panel; long axis: lower panel. No respiratory gating was used. The arrow (image 6) indicates the aortic valve. b Slices extracted from a 3D volume showing the coronary arteries (right coronary arteries: arrow in upper image; right coronary arteries and left coronary arteries: arrows lower image). The scale-bar represents 1 cm |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3197654_pone-0026567-g008_112488.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Bright blood coronary MRA and iMSDE vessel wall scan in a 76 y/o male.A and B represent the first scanning session, C and D represent the second session. Excellent visualization of the right coronary artery (RCA) (A, C) and vessel wall (arrowheads) (B, D) was achieved in both sessions. Note excellent suppression of blood signal. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2769382_fig-003_49416.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | A-P radiograph of the pelvis and proximal femur showed horizontal acetabulae, coxa vara, and short femoral necks with prominence of the lesser trochanters producing the “monkey wrench” appearance of the proximal femur. Note the remarkable prominence of the lesser trochanters (arrows). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2097.jpg | What is present? | Infarct |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4219178_F5_332666.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Photograph and SEM images of wafer-scale Si nanostructures formed by the combined approach of SRNIL and MCEE. (a) Photograph of a 4″ Si wafer consisting of 32 arrays of hexagonally ordered hexagonal Si nanopillars. (b) SEM image showing the hexagonal long-range order of the Si nanopillars. Inset shows the cross-sectional SEM image of the Si nanopillars showing the relatively straight sidewalls and NIL mask cap. (c) SEM plan view of the Si nanopillars (approximately 160-nm wide) showing the NIL mask cap on the top surface of each structure. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4491393_fig2_402901.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Transverse abdominal unenhanced CT scan acquired after oral administration of a water-soluble contrast agent. The images show the collapse of the second part of the duodenum (white arrow (a)) and the presence of an air bubble collection (open arrow (b) and (c)) (35 × 35 × 15 mm), located between the posterior wall of the duodenum and the collapsed IVC graft. The transaxial CT images of the lower tract of the duodenum demonstrate the trouble of assessing attenuation differences between IVC graft and luminal contrast agent (arrowheads (d)). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2779997_F2_51387.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | View of the wound on the eighth day after the beginning of the vacuum-assisted closure therapy. Note that some granulation tissue became apparent and the wound tract obliterated and contracted on the base of the wound. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4468917_F1_397209.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | BK-virus-associated nephropathy (A–C): intranuclear viral inclusion in epithelial cells (B,C). Histological analysis of a kidney section from a patient with BKV nephropathy (Trichrome Masson staining). At low magnification (x10), note an extensive fibrosis (green staining) with an important inflammation (Nucleus of leukocytes appeared in black). At higher magnification (x25), the nucleus of some tubular cells is modified by the presence of a large intranuclear viral inclusion which appeared in white (see arrows). Interstitial infiltration is made by several mononuclear cells. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3201903_F1_113133.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | A superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) on the right side. A hypertensive male patient with dilatation of the right ventricle documented with echocardiography. Multidetector computed tomography angiography showed a sinus venosus ASD (a) and PAPVR from the right upper lobe to the superior vena cava (b). RA = right atrium, LA = left atrium. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2831867_F1_58351.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | X-ray of right knee showed comminuted supracondylar fracture of femur. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_52931.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Transthoracic echocardiography parasternal view showing ruptured sinus of valsalva of right coronary cusp draining into right ventricle and subaortic ventricular septal defects |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2092.jpg | What is present? | hematologic |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2865543_ppat-1000897-g005_63517.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Loss of PdeH function advances appressorium formation and maturity.Comparative time-lapse observation of germination and appressorium formation in the wild-type or pdeHΔ conidia. Equivalent number of conidia from the indicated strains were inoculated on cover slips and incubated in a moist chamber at room temperature. The samples were analysed and micrographed every hour over an 8 h period. White arrows indicate the stage of appressorium initiation/germ tube hooking, whereas black arrows depict melanized appressoria. Scale bar = 10 micron. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4177712_F4_323199.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Early cleavage time-lapse. Non-annual species (dashed boxes) are compared with annual species (solid boxes) by brightfield time-lapse imaging. Early cleavage stages are shown for each species and the time at which they occur is indicated. There is a large difference in early division rate between annual and non-annual species. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3907527_pone-0087255-g005_262814.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Increased axonal ribosome numbers in human ALS.A, sural nerve biopsy of a control person having no neurological symptoms, showing a myelinated axon in which no polyribosomes can be discerned. Polyribosomes are detected in the Schwann cell (Sc), either freely in the cytoplasm, or associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (arrowhead). Inset shows detail of axoplasm containing many cross sectioned microtubules (Mt). B, sural nerve autopsy from a patient diagnosed with sporadic ALS. In the axoplasm, clusters of polyribosomes are presented. Left inset: arrowhead points to ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a Schwann cell, which show similar morphology as those in the axoplasm (right inset). Bar, 100 nm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3018574_f0015_83771.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Magnetometer topographies (top row) and PSFs for 3 selected locations (columns) for all 3 methods (bottom rows). Simulations were carried out for one data set. Target locations are indicated by small blue dots. Dipole Localization Error (DLE) is indicated in centimeters, Spatial Dispersion in square-root-of-centimeters. All images are scaled to their individual maximum. The values at the top of the scale bars indicate relative maximum amplitudes with respect to the left-most column. Note that CTFs for these target locations would be identical to the corresponding PSFs for MNE for all three methods. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4595735_f2_430406.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Multi-angle surface-rendering of the 3D reconstructed brain.(A) Ventral view. (B) Dorsal view (C) Partial enlargement view of (B) with red box showing the leptomeningeal anastomotic branches. (D) Lateral right view. (E) Lateral left view. (F) The pial branches of middle cerebral artery. Scale bars: 3000 μm (A,B,D,E), 1000 μm (C) and 1500 μm (F). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4623525_F4_437881.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Subcellular localization of SeNN24-GFP and SeNN8-GFP in onion epidermal cells. (A,B,G–J) GFP fluorescence in onion cells transiently expressing SeNN24-GFP (A,B) or SeNN8-GFP (G–J). The images were acquired before (A,G,H) or after (B,I,J) cell plasmolysis. The fluorescence images of SeNN8-GFP were acquired at two different depths in a same cell (G,H for a turgid cell, I,J for a plasmolyzed cell). (C,D,K–N) Bright-field images of the same cells as shown in the upper panels. (E,F,O–R) Bright-fields images merged with fluorescence images. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07469.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Double-contrast barium enema showing the effect of a large endometriotic nodule on the surface of the sigmoid colon. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2427009_F2_24250.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Epicardial coronary artery (LAD) diameter at baseline, during cold pressor test and adenosine infusion. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3917419_F1_265332.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Plain radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showing bone destruction and deformity consistent with Charcot spine below previous thoracolumbar instrumented fusion. (A) Plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs showing previous instrumented fusion with hooks and rods from T3 to L3. Bony destruction and deformity is evident distal to the previous fusion. Sagittal computed tomography scan (B) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (C) showing extensive endplate and osseous destruction at L3 and L4. (D) Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showing abnormal paravertebral soft tissue and a complex paraspinal mass within the psoas muscle with fluid collections, areas of dystrophic ossification and nonspecific soft tissue inflammatory changes (arrow). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27244.jpg | which organ system is imaged? | musculoskeletal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4558578_f4_420281.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | SEM images of the smaller spheres without patches and the growing spheres in different stages to form a layer structure: (b) starting growing, (c) several “patches” form, (d) patches encounter with each other to form one layer. Pictures are taken from different spheres. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4686016_pgen.1005704.g006_454919.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Subcellular localization of the retromer subcomplex.MoVps35-GFP localizes to punctate structures at or near the vacuolar membrane, and partially colocalizes with FM4-64 that marks endosomal and vacuolar membranes in conidia (A) and mycelium (B). Shown are confocal epifluorescent micrographs. Scale bar = 10 μm. (C) Time-lapse video microscopy of MoVps35-GFP-labeled punctate structures. Arrowheads indicate the relative position of MoVps35-GFP-labeled compartments at each time point. Elapsed time is indicated in seconds. See also S3 Movie. Scale bar = 10 μm. (D) and (E) show localization of MoVps26-GFP and MoVps29-GFP to similar punctate structures at or near the vacuolar membranes. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3680012_F1_210795.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Hematoxylin and eosin (A) as well as immunochemical stainings (B-F) of the current lymph node biopsy from 2011. Effacement of the normal lymph node architecture by medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. Evidence of expanded mesh works of follicular dendritic cells stained by CD23 (B). Neoplastic cells show strong positivity for CD3 (C) and CD4 (D) as well as positivity for PD-1 (E) and CXCL13 (F). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67863.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | 7- and 11-year-old sisters with mucopolysaccharidosis I, Hurler-Scheie and Scheie syndrome. Radiograph of spine and ribs showed anterior notching in thoraco-lumbar vertebral bodies with mild inferior beaking in L2 vertebra and oar-shaped ribs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4133756_F1_313676.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative post-mortem histopathology findings in H & E stained brain sections from (i) wild-type and (ii) IFN-γ−/− C57BL/6 mice on day 6 post-inoculation with 1 × 106 PbA-PRBC. As no difference was evident between uninfected mice and infected IFN-γ−/− mice, only the latter are shown. (A) Olfactory bulb; (B) Meningeal vessel; (C) Cerebellum. The brains of PbA-infected w/type mice showed hemorrhage and leukocyte adhesion to the cerebral vasculature (arrows), whereas no pathological findings were evident in any IFN-γ−/− mouse. In this and later Figures (where appropriate) the work was carried out according to national and State legislation on animal experimentation, with approval from the University of Sydney Animal Ethics Committee. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4238263_fig1_337957.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Pre-penicillin therapy imaging. (a) FLAIR, (b) DWI sequence, and (c) CT angiogram. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4314417_f5-ijmm-35-03-0715_354643.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Aortic sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for ABCA1 protein localization. Representative images captured at magnification, ×40, ×100 and ×200. ABCA1, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1; AS, atherosclerosis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3954165_f1_273879.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | The transthoracic echocardiogram and CT chest findings.The echocardiogram image (
a) shows large pericardial effusion with collapse of the free wall of right atrium. The coronal (
b) and axial (
c) CT images show the effusion and an enormous heterogeneous mass in the pericardial cavity. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1152.jpg | Does this image show lungs, hyaline membrane disease? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2897887_pone-0011447-g002_68152.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Probing a collection of B. henselae infected, uninfected, and SPF control cat sera.Arrays containing 1433 B. henselae proteins were probed with cat sera organized into 3 groups as described in the text. Heatmap showing normalized intensity with red strongest, bright green weakest, and black in between. Cat samples are in columns and sorted left to right by increasing average intensity to differentially reactive antigens, and antigens are listed in rows sorted by decreasing average seroreactivity of infected cats. Only seroreactive antigens are displayed (n = 105). Seroreactivity is higher in the infected cats against differentially reactive antigens, but equally reactive in the cross-reactive antigen set. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic59806.jpg | what is one organ system seen in this image? | spine and contents |
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