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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3310454_F1_131148.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Baylisascaris procyonis infection in the frontal cerebral lobe white matter. A) Larval nematode seen in multiple transverse sections, surrounded by mild chronic inflammation and reactive changes. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×10. B) Morphologic features of the larvae included maximum diameter of 65 μm; thin, striated cuticle (Cu); single paired lateral alae (Al); and paired excretory columns (EC) that were smaller in diameter than the central intestine (In). Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification ×40. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4123615_fig1_311865.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Transthoracic echocardiography revealed global hypokinesia of the LV with left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of 20% which was measured by biplane Simpson method. The three-year-earlier echocardiography had showed ejection fraction of 50%. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2887896_F2_66752.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | (A) Macroscopic transverse section of enlarged spleen with multiple white creamy nodules. (B) Microscopic view of a pulmonary granuloma (hematoxylin and eosin stain, magnification 200×). (C) High magnification microscopic view showing numerous acid-fast bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen stain, magnification 600×). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3875417_pone-0082462-g003_254744.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MRI of a knee 5 years after a simultaneous arthroscopic reconstruction of the ACL and the PCL with hamstring tendons showing an proper localization and structure of grafts without knee subluxation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1feb0832ex93hgt4.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4437559_Fig1_387894.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Ipilimumab Treatment Course of Patient with UC. A. re-staging chest axial PET CT imaging of patient at different time points. (1) prior to initial dose of ipilimumab, (2) following first dose of ipilimumab and ipilimumab-induced grade III colitis, (3) following total colectomy and prior to re-treatment with ipilimumab, (4) complete disease resolution following a four-dose regimen of ipilimumab. B. Time line of clinical events. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3437305_fig11_153815.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | A CT scan on the same patient as in Figure 11 shows extensive bullous emphysema. The punctured bulla contains an air/fluid. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3535415_Fig6_176700.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Cell spreading and actin stress fibers are dispensable for nuclear translocation of cyclin D1/D2 in cycling N2A cells. N2A cells were synchronized by shake-off and treated with CCD or LB at the indicated time-points after synchronization. After 20 h, the drugs were washed away and the cells were fixed 1 h later, after which they were processed for microscopy using phalloidin-TRITC and DAPI, as well as antibodies against cyclin D1/D2 and P(Y118)paxillin. Pictures were obtained on a confocal microscope. Top nuclei (blue), F-actin (red), P(Y118)paxillin (green). Bottom cyclin D1/D2. Bar 10 μm |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1236.jpg | What is present? | Face |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3305470_F2_130288.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | 3D cardiac images in the original plane (upper) and a reformatted plane (lower) acquired with 6×, 8× & 10× at mid-systole (left) and mid-diastole (right). Note: breathhold position is slightly shifted in different acquisitions. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3681910_pone-0066741-g005_211275.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | GFP-SrgA localizes to conidiophores.GFP-SrgA localizes to the apex of both hyphae and conidiophores. A punctate accumulation at the tip is seen in both hyphae and the early stages of vesicle swelling (top and middle rows, respectively), but a more diffuse localization is evident in mature conidiophores (bottom row). Left column: brightfield; middle column: GFP fluorescence; bottom column: Merged image. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4246597_fig07_339769.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Lack of native tdTomato fluorescence in brainstem motor nuclei. (A) Bright field (A1) and corresponding fluorescence images (A2) of the XII nucleus at 0.35 mm caudal to VIIc from a P4 Dbx1 reporter mouse. Inset from A2 is shown in A3 at higher magnification. (B) Bright field (B1) and fluorescent view (B2) of the VII motor nucleus at 0.40 mm rostral to VIIc. (C) Lack of native fluorescence in the IO and cNA of the same brainstem section as in (A). C2 and C3 show magnified images of the boxes highlighted in C1. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3713996_F1_218496.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Chest computed tomography (CT) scan and radiograph images of patient (case-patient 1) in a study of 4 persons with early cases of influenza A(H7N9) virus infection, Shanghai, China. Images were taken 1, 5, 7, and 11 days after illness onset. A, B) CT scan images on day 1, showing bilateral pleural effusion but no obvious lesions. C) CT scan image on day 5, showing extensive ground-glass opacity and consolidation. D, E) x-ray images on days 7 and 11, respectively, showing reduced light transmittance on both sides of the lung. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glus4z7071u8ibo003f.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2738973_pone-0007095-g008_44966.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Overexpression of m-aconitase does not lead to cell death of astrocytes.Primary midbrain cultures were transduced with AdAcon for 24–48 hrs and GFP fluorescence (green) was observed. Representative images of (A) neurons detected by MAP2 staining (red) and (B) astrocytes detected by GFAP staining (red). (A,B) Arrows point to neurons and astrocyte, respectively. (C) AdGFP and AdAcon transduced astrocytes were labeled with GFAP (red) after 18 hrs of 1000 µM PQ2+ incubation. Nuclei (blue) were counterstained with DAPI, representative images, 40× magnification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4559873_Fig4_420841.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Microscopic findings of the skin, liver, and lymph node specimen. The skin lesion and the liver and lymph node metastases are stained to detect Melan-A, Ki-67, phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase, and phosphorylated Akt (×400) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4146565_pone-0106023-g008_315984.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Histological changes in kidneys and tissue layer regeneration on ureter segments in both tested groups.RG-renal glomeruli, RT-renal tubules, E-epithelial layer, SM-smooth muscle layer. AAM – acellular aortic arch scaffold, PLCL - poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone). Magnification was placed in right corner of images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4475708_fig4_398574.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Color photo (a) and FAF image (b) of a focal pattern of DFO retinopathy. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990a4074y8g29djvu.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04506.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Follow-up imaging 4 months after radiotherapy. Postcontrast coronal T1-weighted image showing significant reduction in size of the lesion |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3486900_ppat-1002998-g003_163294.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Immunofluorescent analysis of M2 expression.MDCK cells were infected with the indicated viruses at an MOI of 10, fixed at 8h p.i., permeabilised and stained with (A) anti M2 14C2 or (B) G74 (in green, as labeled) and (as counterstains) with anti-NP (red) and DAPI (blue) before imaging by confocal microscopy. Extended focus projections of a series of optical sections through the depth of the cells are shown, either as merged 3-colour images or (in grey scale), the green channel alone. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic16618.jpg | what is the modality? | xr - plain film |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3350046_fig1_137374.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Axial PD fat suppressed T2-weighted images of a right knee in a patient with prior anterior cruciate reconstruction demonstrate a fractured Bio-TransFix cross pin (red arrows). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3721204_marinedrugs-11-01763-f001_219774.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Actin re-organization in okadaic acid-exposed cells. SH-SY5Y cells were left untreated (A,B) or exposed to 400 nM okadaic acid for 25 (C,D) or 50 (E–H) min. Fixed cells were labeled with Rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, and actin distribution (red) was visualized using confocal microscopy. Nuclei were labeled using DAPI (blue). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3513322_pone-0049707-g005_170259.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Pancreatic tumor relapse occurs following Kras* reactivation.(A) Experimental design. (B) Identification of a large pancreatic tumor mass 22 weeks after Kras* activation. T: tumor, S: stomach, Sp: spleen, L: liver, G: gallbladder. (C) Images taken 1, 3 and 6 weeks following Kras* inactivation. Note the greatly reduced primary tumor mass and metastatic load. (D) Reactivation of Kras* results in rapid tumor relapse. (E) Histology of the primary tumor as well as metastases found in the liver and lung following tumor relapse show abundant phospho-ERK1/2 expression (insets). Scale bar 100 um (F) Tumor and total metastases volume at the indicated time points. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2762171_F0001_47983.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Preoperative X-ray [anteroposterior view (a) and lateral view (b)] of dorsolumbar junction showing fracture L1 vertebra |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glts4xz071u6b7n1x9y.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_38502.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Gonioscopic photograph of the left eye showing part of the membrane |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_22958.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Occipitocervical fixation supplemented by vertebrectomy with an anterior cage and plate fixation for a patient who required decompressive cervical laminectomies. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qg1ev30832c0f20yx7.jpg | What type of polyp is present? | Paris iia |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4351526_f1_364599.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Histological and IHC observations for TMJ synovium facing the articular cavity.HE staining for control synovium (a) and SC synovium (b). IHC observation of TGF-β3 (c), FGF-2 (d), and CD34 (e) in SC synovium. Control synovium was featured by layers of fibroblast-like synoviocytes located in the lining layer and a few fibroblasts and blood vessels in the sublining layer. The SC synovium was characterized by increased amount of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the sublining layer. The vessels wall and sublining fibroblasts were stained positively by the antibodies against TGF-β3, FGF-2, and CD34. * represents for articular cavity. Scale bars: (a~e): 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4490621_Fig4_402662.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Aberration in myelination was observed in HSP27-S135F mice. Toluidine blue staining showed normal myelination in normal mice (a) and demyelination in HSP27-S135F mice (b). Scale bar = 20 μM. c. Distribution of diameter of myelinated axon demonstrated that the proportion of large (>15 μm) myelinated fibers are reduced in HSP27-S135F mice. **, p < 0.01. Electron microscopy demonstrated normal pattern in normal mice (d) and abnormal myelination in transgenic mice (e-g). Magnifications: (d) and (e), x 1000; (f) and (g), x 4000 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuq8zn4074y6ud0erxj.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75908.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Postoperative CT scan showing complete tumor excision |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4642647_Fig4_443456.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Lack of evidence for a tri-acidic export signal for LMTK2. a Cells stably expressing either WT, di-acidic mutants (A1110SA) or tri-acidic mutants (ANA1110SA) of LMTK2 (green), along with mRFP calreticulin (red), were fixed and imaged using immunofluorescence miscroscopy. Nuclei are stained blue using DAPI. Bar = 10 μm. b Pearson’s coefficients were determined for cells by imaging at least 30 cells from various randomly selected fields of view. *p < 0.01 for difference by Student’s t-test. n.s. = not significantly different |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4462585_pone.0128710.g007_395231.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Immunostaining of tubulin assembly in SGC-7901 cells.SGC-7901 cells were treated with 7k (0.14 μM) for 48 h (scale bar = 10 μm). The left, middle and right panels represent the tubulin assembly stained with FITC, DAPI and a merge of the corresponding left and middle panels, respectively. Images were taken using a confocal microscope. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3461289_fig2_158168.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | (a) Transverse CT scans revealed the presence of gas in both hepatic lobes. (b) Transverse CT scans revealed the presence of gas in both hepatic lobes. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1166561_F1_2400.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | OIS response to low vs. high amplitude stimulation. OIS images taken from three subjects (A, B, C). All images are anatomically oriented as shown in the top left image. Images were obtained by averaging across 10 experimental trials and then summing frames taken from the time of stimulus onset to 5 seconds after stimulus offset to better show regions of high absorbance indicated by dark pixels. The left column shows responses acquired in the absence of stimulation (control), while the middle and right columns show the stimulus-evoked response to 50 and 400 μm respectively in the same subjects. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2914636_pbio-1000444-g004_70506.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Modulation of delay activity by reward context.(A) Regions exhibiting significant delay period activity, across all gain-loss conditions (p(FWE) < 0.01, k > 5). (B) Average BOLD signal time-courses for different gain-loss contexts (shaded error bars: ±SE), extracted from left Superior Parietal Lobule (SPL) of each subject. Vertical lines demarcate delay period onset at 0 s and average movement onset at 15 s; combined “cues presentation” (gain-loss context cue, spatial cue, and mask) lasts 3.7 s prior to the onset of the delay period. (C) Average beta values (±SE) for the corresponding delay-period regressors, averaged across all subjects. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4605919_Fig2_433437.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Mammary ultrasonography. A poorly marginated and low echoic area was detected under the nipple. The palpable mass was diagnosed as gynecomastia |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3715425_pgen-1003591-g002_218656.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Normal chromosome morphology and HTP-3 and SYP-1 loading in pachytene stage nuclei in [mus-81; xpf-1], [slx-1; xpf-1], [mus-81; him-6] and [slx-1; him-6] double mutants.(A) Projections of representative nuclei from whole-mount gonads stained with α-HTP-3 antibody (white) and DAPI (white), or red and blue, respectively, in merged images. (B) Representative pachytene nuclei stained with α-SYP-1 antibody and DAPI (SPY-1, green in merged images). Scale bars are shown in white (1 µm). (C) FISH images were taken with 100× and 60× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4631598_pone.0142211.g007_440252.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Resorption activity of ER-Hoxb8-derived OCs compared to conventional OCs.(A) Representative microscopy images of pit formation assays performed with dentin discs and mature OCs from indicated sources. Resorption pits were visualized after removal of cells and toluidine blue staining. RAW 264.7 macrophages (“MΦ”) were used as negative control. Scale bars = 400 μm. (B) Microscopy images of mature OCs re-plated in CaP-coated cell culture plates after formalin-fixation and TRAP plus AgNO3 staining. Scale bars = 100 μm. (C) Representative examples of merged and inverted overviews of 24-well cell culture plates obtained from 7x7 individual microscopic images at 20x magnification. Resorption areas are visible as black spots. Scale bars = 1 mm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3689129_F6_212910.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Jadera haematoloma on and around its host plant (Cardiospermum halicacabum) (site 1). 21 Chain-link fence with heartseed vine 22 Adult male feeding on a fruit (arrow: stylet with its basal portion ensheathed in the concavity of labrum) 23 Adult male feeding on a seed 24 fruit damaged by Jadera haematoloma (arrows: feeding scars) 25 seed damaged by Jadera haematoloma (arrow: feeding cone) 26 fourth instar larva feeding on the stalk of a fruit 27 larvae walking and feeding on a leaf stem of heartseed vine among leaf litter. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2441605_F1_24882.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | PET scan of patient N. 2, showing a focal hyperintensity signal at pancreatic head level; the magnetic resonance cholagiopancreatography (MRCP) showed the presence of a cystic dilatation of the whole Wirsung duct. Total pancreasectomy was performed, with a final diagnosis of in situ carcinoma within the cephalic Wirsung duct. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_67288.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Wirsungo-bili-IRM: un canal pancréatique accessoire reliant les deux canaux principal et accessoire |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4074416_F1_301971.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Segmentation of CT image. From an input 3D CT image (A), we segmented the three regions by different methods. (B) The kidney region was segmented by the graph cut method [8,9]. We specified several foreground (red) and background (blue) points on a cross section and the method computed the kidney region from the points. (C) The urinary tract region was segmented by region growing [7]. The method grew the urinary tract region from several seeds (red points). (D) The tumor region was segmented by the contour-based method [11]. The method computed the boundary surface from specified multiple contours. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3014972_F11_83075.jpg | What is shown in this image? | GFP-tagging of truncated PfSHMTm in transfected 3D7 parasites. Fluorescence images of parasites transfected to yield a GFP-fusion carrying the first 100 amino acids of PfSHMTm at the N-terminus. MitoTracker was also used to localize the mitochondrion, which showed complete coincidence with the GFP fluorescence (three examples shown). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3777927_pone-0075092-g002_232571.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Induction of lytic and mixed bone lesions by PC3 and PC3c cells respectively after intratibial injection.(A) PC3 and PC3c cells were inoculated into male SCID mice; 10 weeks post inoculation, radiography revealed pure osteolytic lesions in mice injected with PC3 cells (n=6) (E) and mixed lesions in mice injected with PC3c cells (n=8) (I) compared to mice injected with PBS (n=10) (A) (see *(lysis) and white arrows (formation)). (B,C- F,G-J,K) Three-dimensional micro-CT reconstructions of tibiae and (D, H, L) histology after Goldner’s Trichrome staining confirmed the radiography results. T: Tumor; NB: New Bone. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2078.jpg | What is present? | hematologic |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2904772_ppat-1000994-g005_68859.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Distribution of MLG in the presence of cytochalasin D or nocodazole.BHK cells were infected with rVSV-MLG in the presence of NH4Cl as described for Fig. 4B. Cytoskeletal inhibitors were added for 30 minutes before NH4Cl washout and the inhibitors remained in the post-washout media until the cells were fixed 60 minutes later. Distribution of MLG, Nup62 and actin (A) or tubulin (B) either without (top panels) or with (bottom panels) cytoskeletal inhibitors. Arrows indicate nuclear envelope localization. The brightness levels were adjusted for all the images using Canvas 11 software to maximize the MLG signal after conversion to grayscale. Bars = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3557284_pone-0054792-g002_181932.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Expression of expanded polyglutamine protein disrupts eye morphology of adult flies.(A–D) Scanning election microscopic images of the eyes of 15-day-old adult flies (×200). (a–d) Scanning election microscopic images of the eyes of 15-day-old adult flies (×1000). Compared to normal Drosophila phenotype (A, a), moderate expression of MJDtr-78Q in eye caused mildly disrupted eye morphology (C, c), whereas strong expression of MJDtr-78Q in eye had quite deleterious effect on the eye phenotype (D, d). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3361248_fig3_139620.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Photomicrograph of rat kidney section. (a and b) Normal histology of kidney tissue in control and SA-treated rats (H&E ×200). (c) Marked tubular necrosis (asterisk) and massive mononuclear cell infiltration (arrow) in cortex of rats in GM-group (H&E ×200). (d) Section from rat treated with gentamicin (100 mg/kg) plus salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) reveal almost complete prevention of histopathological alterations (H&E ×200). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic28086.jpg | what organ systems can be evaluated with this ct scan? | genitourinary |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4510395_f0005_408045.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Isoform-specific recruitment of AMPK-α to SGs. The isoform-specific association of the catalytic subunit with SGs was verified in HeLa cells with a different set of primary antibodies against AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 (Upstate, see Section 1). Consistent with results in our main paper [1], these unrelated isoform-specific antibodies located AMPK-α2 to DEM-induced SGs, which were demarcated with the SG marker G3BP1. Scale bar is 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4009241_fig3_285744.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | 36-year-old female. Weakness in lower extremities. Preoperative ASIA was C (Case 5). Preoperative CT and MRI revealed a thoracic 8-9 disc herniation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2000466_F4_13905.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (A) shows a dilated common bile duct with defined filling defects corresponding to mucin. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (B) also shows mucin in the common bile duct and a communication between the cystic lesion and bile duct. However, the filling defect corresponding to the tumor component in the cystic lesion could not be defined. Arrows head indicate mucin in the common bile duct. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4449889_fig3_391444.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Effect of MRE exposure on HepG2 cell morphology. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of root extract for 24 h and morphological changes were observed using phase-contrast microscopy. The control cells show the normal morphology. In contrast, cells treated with intermediate concentrations of MRE show abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles. At high dosage of treatment, cells became round and shrunken. The photographs were taken at a magnification ×40. Images are representative of three independent experiments ((a)-(b) control; (c)-(d) 10 μg/mL; (e)-(f) 50 μg/mL; (g)-(h) 100 μg/mL; (i)-(j) 200 μg/mL; (b), (d), (f), (h), and (j) +10 mM NAC). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_0671.jpg | Is infective endocarditis characterized by large, irregular, often destructive masses that can extend from valve leaflets onto adjacent structures e.g., chordae or myocardium? | yes |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27870.jpg | what plane was used? | lateral |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3678890_f1-ol-05-05-1559_210466.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Non-small cell lung cancer. (A and B) Transverse contrast-enhanced CT scan obtained with (A) lung and (B) mediastinal window, at the level of distal tracha, revealed a mass (2cm×1.5cm, arrow) in the right upper lobe and some lymph nodes, a small sized right effusion. Adenocarcinoma cells (C) were found in the smears of the pleural effusion (H&E staining; magnification, ×40). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwyedo3c086ucodk7jed.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3563495_F2_183609.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | M. tuberculosis p27 and PE_PGRS33 target J774 cell mitochondria. J774 macrophages exposed for 2 h to 1 μg/ml of p27, MT_1866, PE_PGRS1, PE_PGRS33, or α–crystallin His–tagged recombinant proteins were labelled with Mito Tracker red CMX ROS (mitochondria, red), FITC–labelled anti His antibody (recombinant protein, green), and DAPI (nuclei, blue), and then analyzed by confocal microscopy, in order to assess targeting of recombinant proteins to host cell mitochondria. Results are representative of multiple microscope fields form three independent experiments. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4328843_F2_358433.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Example BLOSM reconstruction results from one patient with amyloidosis. Multi-slice images from one time point are shown (A-C), along with the x-t profile (D) and a corresponding LGE image (I). A subendocardial perfusion defect is clearly depicted by BLOSM, even in the presence of respiratory motion during the scan, as illustrated in the x-t profile. The subendocardial perfusion defect location matched closely with enhancement on the LGE image. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3383737_pone-0039329-g004_142755.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | J1 mESCs maintained with SB-216763 for one month express the pluripotency marker Oct–4.Cultures were maintained continuously with various doses of SB-216763 or LIF for 1 month and then immunostained for Oct–4. SB-216763 precipitated at doses ≥20 µM, and some of these particulates are visible in the phase-contrast images as black spots that fluoresced intensely green when excited at ∼480 nm. Scale bars represent 100 µm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4209838_fig8_330533.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Immunofluorescence of OATP1B1 negative control, OATP1B1-FLAG positive control, D251E, W254F, W258/259F, and N261A transiently transfected HEK293T cells, visualized by confocal microscopy. DAPI (blue) localized to the nucleus (504 nm) and FITC (green) localized to the FLAG epitope (488 nm). Scale bar = 20 μM. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4172007_F6_322017.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Active zones of axo-somatic terminals on fusiform cells. (A,B) Examples of terminals (T) containing multiple active zones (small black arrow-heads). White arrows point to mitochondria. (C,D) Higher magnification views of synaptic junctions containing active zones (cluster of vesicles between black arrowheads pointing towards each other). Note the absence of PSDs beneath the postsynaptic membrane (yellow arrows), indicating that these were symmetric synapses. The vesicles of the active zone appear amidst a larger (reserve) pool of vesicles that fill the rest of the terminal (long black arrows in A). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3534487_F2_176491.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The microscopic examination of jejunum in affected calves compared with the healthy jejunum. (A) Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections of jejunum from the healthy calves. Images were obtained on an Olympus BX-50 light microscope at 5-fold original magnifications. The jejunum of the healthy calves showed normal epithelial cell in mucosa and submucosa. (B) The microscopic lesions of jejunum tissues collected from affected calves showed intestinal capillary congestion (arrow a), cell necrosis in smooth muscle (arrow b) and exfoliation of epithelial cells in mucosa (arrow c). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4045373_fig0020_294409.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Comparable expression of siglec-F ligands in the lung tissue of model 1 and model 2 induced allergic airway inflammation. The expression of siglec-F ligands in lung tissue taken from PBS or OVA-treated WT mice was measured using pre-complexes of siglec-F-Fc/anti-Fc. Sections shown in lower panels were treated with sialidase prior to staining. Sections were analyzed by confocal microscopy (LSM 700 microscope and Zen 2009 software; Carl Zeiss) and images collected with an α-Plan-Apochromat 40× NA 1.46 objective. Scale bars represent 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2989123_F0002_79057.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Postoperative radiographs showing good alignment after fixation with two Kirschner wires |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4384762_Fig1_374833.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
CD68-positive mononuclear cells are present in fibrotic lesions. (A) Colonic tissue specimens from CD patients with active disease feature a large amount of collagen fibers indicative for fibrosis as visualized by van-Gieson staining. (B) Same area as in (A) features strong expression of CD68, a marker of activated monocytes/macrophages. (C) Fibrotic regions in the intestine of CD patients feature strong expression of CD68. (D) Enlarged section from (C) featuring CD68-positive mononuclear cells. (E) Representative section from (C) visualizing collagen fibers by van-Gieson staining. Magnification: 10-fold or 40-fold, respectively. All analysed patient samples showed comparable staining characteristics when compared to samples from non-affected controls. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv7907k074yhv4610cd.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_76474.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | CT angiography multiplanar reformatted image. Left coronary artery is emerging from pulmonary artery trunk. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4354740_Fig3_365639.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner |
Preoperatively and postoperatively slit lamp photographs of a patient with posttraumatic corneal scar and the surgery procedure. A: Represented the slit lamp photographs for the patient with posttraumatic corneal scar and neovascularization preoperatively. B: lift the separated recipient corneal tissue after the treatment with femtosecond laser. C: Depth of the residual corneal scaring measured with ultrasound corneal pachymetry before phototherapeutic keratectomy. D: Place donor corneal tissue over the recipient corneal stromal bed. E: Represented the corneal graft with continuous sutures 5 days after femtosecond laser-assisted deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. F: The cornea with removed sutured at 1.25 months after surgery. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2908739_fig4_69644.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Investigation of the membrane targeting kinetics of GTPases that are substrates of different prenylation pathways following mevastatin wash-out. AtT20 cells were transiently transfected with plasmids allowing the expression of the indicated EGFP-fusion protein and incubated overnight with 5 μM mevastatin. The intracellular localization of the heterologously expressed protein was observed using confocal fluorescence microscopy at the indicated time-points following mevastatin wash-out. Bars = 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1559640_F3_7000.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Radiological history of the patient. From left (x-ray taken outside our centre before start of treatment) to right the radiological course of the patient can be seen (last picture after 27 months on the right). A progression of the curve is visible. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4417275_Fig5_382854.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
Sciatic nerves of rats in each group. (A and H, Control group, showing normal sciatic nerve; B and I, Mod group, showing DPN sciatic nerve; C and J, MCB group, showing sciatic nerve of DPN rats treated with Mecobalamin; D-F and K-M, LTBK, MTBK and HTBK group, showing sciatic nerve of DPN rats treated with LTBK, MTBK and HTBK, respectively. Magnification, 400 ×). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3920811_fig3_266288.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Listening question identification. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4425908_Fig10_384705.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
New bone regeneration assessment of hOPG-transfected PDLSCs/β-TCP constructs by circularly polarized light microscopy. (A) The osteoblasts and bone lacunas were clearly observed in the newly formed bone by using light microscopy. (B) At the same visual field, the hOPG-GFP-transfected PDLSCs were observed by using a fluorescence microscope. (C) When images (A) and (B) were overlapped, the positions of some GFP+ cells were superposed with the osteoblasts and bone lacunas. The newly formed bone was also clearly observed in Toluidine blue-stained tissue sections (D). Magnification: 100×. β-TCP, beta-tricalcium phosphate; GFP, green fluorescent protein; hOPG, human osteoprotegerin; PDLSC, periodontal ligament stem cell. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3025835_F4_85255.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | X-rays showing the symphysis pubis with 4.0 cm diastasis initially. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0224.jpg | What is an apocrine cyst? | a common feature of nonproliferative breast disease |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2828486_pone-0009427-g007_57937.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | MYC levels are reduced and Nkx3.1 protein is markedly increased in cribriform PIN/CIS lesions.(A–D) Low power view (original magnification 40×) of the ventral prostate from a Lo-MYC MYC mouse at 1 year of age that contains residual PIN glands (*) and cribriform PIN/CIS (circled in black dotted line). (E–H) A higher power view (original magnification 200×) of a different mouse showing both PIN and cribriform PIN/CIS in the same microscopic field. Immunostains as indicated show a moderate reduction in MYC staining overall and a marked increase in Nkx3.1 in cribriform PIN/CIS areas. AR expression is retained in both PIN and cribriform PIN/CIS. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35339.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Sutura frontonasalis (arrow), coronal multiplanar reconstruction. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4271442_Fig2_345717.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Histological and immunohistochemical examinations. A, B: Histology of primary medullary thyroid cancer; C: Metastasis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the right inguinal lymph node; D: The right testis: histological examination shows trabecular solid areas with round and spindle cells of medullary thyroid carcinoma, partially separated by fibrous stroma infiltrating testicular parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry: Tumor cells show diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for TTF-1 (E) and with calcitonin (F). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_36561.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT showing the localization of Foley catheters in situ |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3861530_f1-ol-07-01-0125_251457.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Following administration of docetaxel plus interferon-α for 6 months, a metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node tumor disappeared in the computed tomography scans of a 58-year-old male. (A–C) Pre-treatment image of retroperitoneal lymph node tumor (6 cm in diameter) located between the aorta and vena cava. The boundaries of the tumor and the vena cava are unclear (arrow, metastatic retroperitoneal lymph node; flat-shaped arrow, vena cava; circular arrow, aorta). (D–F) Post-treatment image demonstrates the disappearance of metastatic mass. The vena cava and aorta boundaries are clearly defined (square arrow, superior mesenteric artery). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4060322_fig1_298765.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Liver biopsy at 100x magnification showing bile duct plugs (arrows) along with multinuclear giant/hydropic cells. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxux8ztw074y467g3ap6.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3008670_pone-0015047-g007_81943.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | A transgenic fish expressing GFP under the 1.8 Kb zebrafish prep1.1 promoter recapitulates the expression of the endogenous gene during embryogenesis.A–F: live Tg(-1.8pknox1.1:eGFP)io009 embryos of three different developmental stages (indicated) visualized by confocal (A) or fluorescence microscopy (D, F). Embryos in B, C and E are the same of A, D and F respectively, visualized in transmission (A) and bright field (C, E). G, H, I: In situ hybridization of embryos at the same stage of development with the pknox1.1 antisense RNA-probe, shown in lateral view. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4486653_Fig3_401111.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Case 1: a Pathogenic examination reveals that capillary vessels (arrow) consisting of a monolayer of endothelial cells increasing in the epidermis. This appearance is characteristic of vascular tumors (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification ×200). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3454406_pone-0045597-g003_156973.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Representative optical microscopic images of LLC cells following incubation with MBV (a–c) or MBc (d–f) for 10 (a and d), 30 (b and e), 60 min (c and f).MBV preferentially attached to LLC cells, MBc rarely attached to the cells. Arrows indicate microbeads; original magnification, ×400; bars: 20 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4578332_Fig3_425480.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Fourteen-month postoperative follow-up. a Periapical radiography, complete bone remineralization of the periapical lesion of the distal root is observed. b Cone-beam computed tomography, coronal section. Arrow: partial bone remineralization of the previous lesion is observed. c Cone-beam computed tomography, axial view on the middle third of the roots. Obturation of the four canals is observed. d Axial view of the apical third of the roots (1mm from the apex). Arrow: the absence of sealing material in the radix entomolaris canal is observed. e Cone-beam computed tomography, three-dimensional rendered image. Arrows: radiopaque changes in the last millimeters of the mesiobuccal and radix entomolaris canals are observed Abbreviations, L: lingual; B: buccal. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4ub071u4u2x6f41.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3378713_fig05_142061.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Mutant RANK accumulates intracellularly in human osteoclasts. Human osteoclasts transduced with adenoviral (A) WT-RANK-FLAG, (B) FEO-RANK-FLAG (including inset magnification of highlighted region), and (C) PDB-RANK-FLAG were immunostained for FLAG (red) and stained for DNA (Sytox green: green) and analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Images presented are xy sections (scale bar shown on each image) of representative cells. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4593678_RSOS150189F9_429749.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Sclerorhynchus atavus (Batoidea), (a,c,d) NHMUK PV P4776, (b) NHMUK PV OR83663. (a,b) Rendered images as segmented denticle series, showing lateral rostral (blue), ventral (pink) and lateral cephalic series (orange). Arrows in (b) indicate lateral rostral denticles disarticulated from the rostrum post-mortem. (c,d) Sets of denticles including functional (1, purple), replacing recumbent denticle (2, red) and a third closely associated to the functional denticle (3, blue). Denticles 3 and 4 (green) represent the ventral denticles associated with the lateral cephalic series. The figure is arranged with proximal to the right, dorsal to the top. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_46473.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Axial computed tomography showing a contained rupture in the transverse aorta |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3368430_fig0015_140676.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Activation for experimental conditions relative to the moving baseline task. (A) Person identification (PI) (top) and (B) sign identification (SI) (bottom); voxel-wise p-value = 0.05, cluster-wise p-value = 0.0025. Six axial sections, showing activation in temporo-occipital and frontal regions are displayed; the left hemisphere is displayed on the left; regions labeled: fusiform gyrus (FG) (Kreifelts, Ethofer, Shiozawa, Grodd, & Wildgruber, 2009), posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS-p), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and precuneus (PCu). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4618885_Fig8_436534.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Oxalate-treated mice generated undifferentiated and highly aggressive tumors. H&E staining of two representative sections of both non-cancerous breast tissue (a and b) and breast mice tumor tissues (d and e), generated after treatment with oxalate, are shown. Panels c and f are enlargements of the areas delimited in panels b and e respectively. Panel f mitotic figures (arrowheads) and abnormal epithelial breast duct cells (arrow) are marked. A total of 13 tumors and of 13 non-tumor tissues were examined. In all cases, animals treated with oxalate generated malignant, undifferentiated tumors with the characteristics of fibrosarcoma of the breast. Scale bar 50 μm |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3474750_pone-0047698-g005_160963.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Areas showing increased coupling with right anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC)/rostral cingulate zone (RCZ) during dilemma decisions involving Humanized versus Neutral persons.(A) The seed region in aMCC/RCZ, defined by a sphere with a radius of 5 mm around (2 13 47). (B) Bilateral frontoinsular cortex (C) Bilateral precuneus and cuneus (D) Left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). Other specifications as in Figure 3. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2316.jpg | What does this image show? | gaucher disease |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic20748.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | meningioma |
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