image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_1/PMC2531110_F2_27467.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Moderate activity of the mass on Positron Emission Tomography study. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4410949_pone.0124959.g005_381069.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Simulation of drug pathway by internal iliac arterial infusion.(a, b) Ink was injected into aorta abdominalis of the BALB/c-nu mice and the bladder artery was clearly. (c) After cutting the bladder, the main branches filled ink was clearly manifested within the artery of bladder mucous membrane. (d) The BALB/c-nu mice pelvic X-ray plain film was showed and it was lower density in pelvic region. (e) Imaging showed that contrast was concentrated in the pelvic blood vessels and bladder region after a contrast medium of iopromide was injected. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4412539_pone.0124939.g004_381595.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Reseeding of cbHSPCs-1 at 20% O2 and 5% O2.Floating cbHSPCs-1 were harvested on Day 7 and reseeded on new ASC layer. On Day 11 cbHSPCs-1 were located in three compartments, as was described above for cbMNC-derived cbHSPCs. A, B. An accrued population of floating reseeded cbHSPCs-1 was visible in co-cultures. Phase contrast. Bar—50 um. C, D. Single and clastered phase-bright reseeded cbHSPCs-1 on the ASC surface and phase-dim cbHSPCs-1 beneath ASC layer. Phase contrast. Bar—50 um. White arrows—the phase-bright, red arrows—phase-dim cbHSPCs-1. E, F—CAFC areas in ASC/reseeded cbHSPCs-1 co-culture, Day 14. NAMC contrast. Bar—100 um. Red arrows indicate CAFCs beneath the ASC layer. White arrows—phase-bright cbHSPCs-1 on the ASC surface. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4583228_pone.0139251.g006_427013.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Lung Histopathology of M. intracellulare infected mice.A: MI SM#42 represents the reactivation model. B: MI ATCC13950 and C: MI SM#30 are the regrowth models of the indicated M. intracellulare strains. (a) Untreated controls and (b) antibiotic-treated samples at 28 weeks post infection. Histopathological changes of the lungs with M. intracellulare infection at 35 weeks post infection with no immunosuppression (c), sulfasalazine treatment (d), and dexamethasone treatment (e). The scale bar represents 1 mm at ×10 magnification. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qt1f8f08322ra0b2np.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4516833_fig2_409700.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | (a) Kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray in postoperative day 1. (b) Perirenal urinoma, perirenal and infrahepatic stone fragments, and lower calyceal residual stone fragments were seen on computed tomography in postoperative day 1. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4016099_F5_287316.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Immunohistochemical analysis of the 'fibrotic program’ active in allogeneically transplanted grafts. Representative immunohistochemical stainings show strong positivity for Fas ligand, MMP-1, MMP-13, and β2-microglobulin in allogeneically (FVB into DBA/1) and for Gremlin-1 in syngeneically (DBA/1 into DBA/1) transplanted hearts explanted at day 100, in comparison to naive non-transplanted FVB hearts and acutely rejected (BALB/c into C57BL/6) allografts (20× magnification). MMP, matrix metalloproteinase. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2963760_F0003_76877.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | MRI-guided biopsy using axial, contrast-enhanced FLASH 3D T1W fat-suppressed images. The pre-biopsy image (a) shows an enhancing lesion (arrow) in the right breast. The fiducial marker (arrowhead in b) is seen after localization, along with the lesion (arrow). The magnetic susceptibility artifact (curved arrow) of the trocar and canula is seen (c), with the lesion (arrow) at the tip of the artifact. Following the biopsy (d), the enhancing lesion (arrow) is seen along with the small magnetic susceptibility artifact (arrowhead) due to the clip in situ. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4472267_Fig3_398003.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
a Enhanced abdominal CT showed transposition of the abdominal organs and identified no metastasis to the lymph nodes or to the distant organs. b Three-dimensional reconstruction image of CT angiography showed no vascular anomalies |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4086568_F6_304363.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 3D reconstructive view left side of CT-face |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4691119_ijms-16-26176-f005_456441.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Representative histological pictures of heart (A), kidney (B), spleen (C), brain (D), lung (E) and liver (F) staining with H&E in the seven-day repeated toxicity study (magnification 400×). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1945027_F3_12904.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | CHESS suppresses fat signal artifact and facilitates discrimination between ventral and dorsal-lateral lobes. A: T2- weighted MRI. A': Magnification of the central 64 × 64 pixel square, indicated by the white box in A. White arrow in A and black arrows in A' illustrate the shift of the signal derived from fat. The locations of the prostate (P), ureter (U) and abdominal fat (F) are indicated. B: T2-weighted image acquired using CHESS. B': Magnification as in A'. White arrows indicate ventral prostate (VP) and dorsal-lateral prostate (DLP). C: Volume of the VP (solid bars) and DLP (grey bars) of normal mice determined using CHESS images, as in Figure 1F. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4609513_fig4_434441.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | MTs disassembly and F-actin rearrangement were involved in PEDF-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. (a) Endothelial cells were incubated under the conditions described in Figure 3(a). All the cells were stained for a-tubulin (red) and the nucleus was stained for DAPI (blue). Representative images show the MTs organization. The boxed areas are shown at higher magnification in the inserts to illustrate details of MTs. Scale bars = 10 μm. (b) Endothelial cells were stained for F-actin (red). White and blue arrows indicate central and peripheral F-actin fibers in cells, respectively. Scale bars = 10 μm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic51700.jpg | how was the image taken? | mr - flair |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55450.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | coronal |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4352060_pone.0116925.g008_364879.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Photographs of exposure time changes for fluorescent particles in the whole microfluidic channel.Flow rate 1.2 μL/min. In total, 108 images were captured using a 10× objective lens, and were used to construct the WSI (whole-slide image). Images are superimposed the fluorescence and DIRI images. (8a) Exposure time 10 ms. (8b) Exposure time 30 ms. (8c) Exposure time 90 ms. (8d) Exposure time 269.9 ms. (8e) Exposure time 810 ms. (8f) Exposure time 2.4 s. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3024982_pone-0015572-g002_85047.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Localization of GlcCer in Cn grown in vitro at high CO2 and either acidic or neutral pH.Indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the localization of GlcCer in wild type Cn in media of either acidic (A) or neutral (B) pH. Primary antibody used is an anti-Cn GlcCer monoclonal antibody developed by our lab. The secondary was an isotype-specific FITC-conjugated antibody, and confocal microscopy was used to analyze the images. The amount of surface puncta per cell was quantified by counting puncta from three large fields of cells, averaged by cell number (C). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3673098_f11-sensors-13-04527_209164.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Trajectory and map reconstruction based on IMPALA radar odometry. (a) Estimated trajectory with IMPALA odometry: in blue the ground truth, in red the reconstructed trajectory with the measurements of the odometer and gyrometer, and in green radar-odometry solution; (b) Aerial view of the experimental area; (c) Map obtained based on radar odometry with the estimated velocities. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4577954_f3-etm-0-0-2689_425374.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | T1-weighted coronal magnetic resonance image of a patient (patient 4) with anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and a mRS score of 5 at that time depicting contrast enhancement (white arrows) and subcortical T2-hyper-intensities (T2-weighted image not shown). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4156171_f1-ol-08-04-1509_318151.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | CT scan obtained on admission. (A) Axial, (C) coronal and (D) sagittal enhanced CT scans showing a mass occupying the maxillary sinus extending to the temporal base. (B) Bone imaging showing a right middle cranial base deficiency. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4098681_fig03_306122.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Histological sections of the right hip joint between HH30 and HH35 through the anterior–posterior plane of the femur showing that no cavity is present until HH34. First and third column, magnification × 4, second and fourth column, magnification × 10. fe, femur; il, ilium; isc, ischium. Proximal is to the right and ventral to the top. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3437678_fig1_153877.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A 60-year-old female (BMI = 37) with a right-sided infiltrating ductal carcinoma was referred for staging. Images were obtained in a Biograph mCT (Siemens) 60 min after i.v. injection of 478 MBq of FDG. (a) FDG-PET maximum intensity projection of the thorax. (b) Axial fused FDG-PET/CT images of the primary tumour in the upper-inner quadrant (arrowhead) (SUV = 5,3), a metastasic lymph node in the right internal mammary chain (arrow) (SUVmax = 1,38) was found in the PET and histopathologically confirmed. (c) Axial fused FDG-PET/CT image of a second tumour in the same breast identified in FDG-PET (arrow) (SUVmax = 0,5), not detected by conventional imaging techniques and biopsy-proven. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3137635_pone-0022395-g005_102479.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Subcellular localization of isolated nuclear export and import signals in Cos 7, PC3, and LNCaP cells.(A) Cells were transfected with pcDNA-f:GFP-NES1, -NES2, -NLS1, -NLS2, or -NLS3 and observed under a confocal microscope. (B) Western blot of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the transfected cells described in (A) with anti-FLAG, anti-HSP90, or anti-lamin B antibody. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic29916.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2082039_F2_14930.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Immunofluorescence of 14-3-3ζ protein in oral cancer cells, HSC2. Cells were fixed and immunolabeled with anti-14-3-3ζ antibody followed by streptavidin-conjugated-FITC labeled secondary antibody (Green fluorescence) and nuclei were counterstained with propidium iodide (red fluorescence). (a) Nuclei showing red fluorescence of Propidium Iodide. (b) Green fluorescence in cytoplasm and nucleus of HSC2 cells. (c) Merged figure showing localization of 14-3-3ζ protein in oral cancer cells (a-c, original magnification × 200). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glbs45v071ua0sq8o9d.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl6s3xf071uhz1s3rac.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | Yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvo910k074y2jz12pby.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Gastroscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4359501_Fig1_367556.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
ECG in sinus rhythm, clinical ventricular tachycardia (VT #1) and three other induced VT morphologies during the electrophysiological procedure (VT #2 – #4). The pacemap for VT #1 is shown in the last column corresponding to the site marked by an asterisk in Figure 3. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2768452_fig4_49056.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | A male patient with prostate cancer metastases to bone. T1W axial MRI pelvis (A) shows a metastasis within the right iliac bone (arrow). High signal within the lesion on the diffusion-weighted MRI of the pelvis (B) indicates that diffusion within the metastasis is less restricted than diffusion in the surrounding normal marrow. An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map of pelvis (C) generated from the diffusion-weighted imaging data (B values 0, 50, 100, 250 500, and 750) provides a quantitative index of water diffusion within the tumour. The ADC map also shows heterogeneity of water diffusion within the tumour not shown by conventional T1W imaging. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3626577_F1_198494.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic Resonance Imaging of left thigh at admission. a. T1 after contrast coronal image showing hyperintense necrotic lesion of the left thight; b. T2 FLAIR weighted sagittal image of the same lesion that appear hypointense. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3136467_pone-0021708-g003_102311.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | The effect of dynamin 1, dynamin 1 K44A, dynamin 2 or dynamin 2 K44A expression on FGF1 internalization.U2OS cells stably transfected with FGFR1 (A) or FGFR3 (B) were transfected with HA-tagged dynamin constructs as indicated and incubated with Cy3-FGF1 and 50 U/ml heparin at 37°C for 20 min. The cells were then fixed and stained with anti-HA antibody. The cells were examined with confocal microscopy. Bar, 5 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31115.jpg | what plane was used? | axial |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3898929_pone-0084882-g001_260547.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Central processing of penile-vaginal penetration images (PEN).Central processing of penile-vaginal penetration images (PEN) in all subjects (left panel), and within the three groups (right). Brain maps are thresholded at p<0.05, FWE corrected for multiple comparisons. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4370643_pone.0120728.g006_370790.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Fibrin deposition in the kidneys 24 hr after LPS challenge in mice.(A) Fibrin deposition in the kidney. Kidney specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. Fibrin deposits (purple) in both glomeruli (long arrows) and tubules (small arrows), are indicated. Magnification: 20x. (B) Plasma levels of D-dimer. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (N = 4 mice per group), *P<0.05. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2788242_pone-0008213-g002_52362.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Immunohistochemical identification of VEGF isoforms.(a) Negative controls with blue labeling corresponding to haematoxylin labeled nucleus (arrows). (b) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human thymus adipose tissue (arrows). (c) VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D positive cells from human subcutaneous adipose tissue (arrows). Positive cells shown with brown labeling. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4411880_fig1_381319.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | CT scan of the abdomen highly suspicious for multiple hepatic metastases. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2759594_F0002_47674.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | (a): Preoperative X-ray antero posterior view showing Garden III intracapsular femoral neck fracture. (b): Postoperative X-ray antero posterior view showing osteosynthesis of femoral neck fracture with two 6.5 mm partially threaded cancellous screws and primary valgus osteotomy fixed with contoured broad DCP. (c): X-ray ante antero posterior view at two-year follow-up showing sound union. Patient had normal function of hip and excellent results |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4041906_F3_293542.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative images of LGE CMR and coronary anatomy at the start of angiography in the cohorts. Top row: CMR late gadolinium images from a patient within each of the 5 study cohorts, demonstrating infarct (enhancement); microvascular obstruction (arrow) evident as hypointense areas within infarct. Middle row: coronary angiography images at the start of angiography in the same patients demonstrating infarct related artery; white star denotes culprit lesion (right coronary artery in PPCI and lysis patient, left circumflex in rescue-PCI patient, left anterior descending artery in late PCI and non-reperfused patient). Bottom row: Time from symptoms to revascularisation (TTR) and CMR data for the same patients. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72282.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Chest computed tomography scan after thoracentesis showing air collection in the T2 spinal canal and a fistula. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2700588_F0003_40572.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Effect of pyruvate treatment on PDH E1-∞ and GFAP contents in the right hippocampus of a rat. Fig 3a and 3b are at lower magnification (25×), while 3c and 3d (circled in a and b) at the higher magnification (100×). 3a and 3c are brain injuries without pyruvate. b and d are with pyruvate. Brain injury marker of gliosis . GFAP (red) was mainly localized around the injury in star-shaped branched astrocytes. PDH (green) was seen in neuronal bodies. 3a and 3c are showing very little PDH (green) and more red (GFAP) in comparison to pyruvate-treated TBI animals in 3b and 3d |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3135775_fig4_102174.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Picrosirius red staining of left ventricular interstitial collagen deposition in corn starch (16 weeks) (a), CAF + BT (8 weeks) (b), CAF + BT (16 weeks) (c) and CAF + BT + AVE (16 weeks) (d)-treated rats and hematoxylin and eosin staining of infiltrating inflammatory cells of left ventricular interstitial region (magnification, ×40) CS (16 weeks) (e), CAF + BT (8 weeks) (f), CAF + BT (16 weeks) (g) and CAF + BT + AVE (16 weeks)-treated (h) rats; collagen is stained light red. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3084165_F3_93609.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Image intensifier lateral views showing reduction maneuver using K-wires. Serial views show the use of two proximal K-wires as a joystick to reduce the proximal ulnar deformity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3751881_pone-0073370-g005_227169.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Immunohistochemical triple stainings to quantify excitatory synapses on GABAergic neurons in lamina II of the spinal dorsal horn.Confocal images depicting co-staining of GAD67 (green) with the postsynaptic marker PSD-95 (blue) and the presynaptic marker synaptophysin (red). Bottom right, white arrowheads in enlarged boxed areas indicate colocalization of the three antigens. Scale bars: 10 µm (2 µm for enlarged boxes). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3520817_F2_172220.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT and MRI revealed the multiple tumors as ossification in the infrapatellar fat pad. a CT MPR image b Sagittal T1-weighted MRI c Sagittal T2-weighted MRI d Axial T2-weighted MRI. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3471901_pone-0047159-g004_160301.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Expression of transgene of eGFP-MiLV and pEGFP-N3 plasmid in mice muscle. After intramuscular injection, at least one mouse of each group was killed per week to detect the GFP expression. The muscle sections (5 µm) were observed by fluorescence microscope. The control group was injected with PBS. 1, 2, 4, 8 represents the weeks after intramuscular injection. The fluorescence of eGFP-MiLV lasted more than two months in mouse muscle. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3623920_Fig1_198179.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | AP and lateral wrist radiographs showing proximal radial migration |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_lungs/train_1366.jpg | What is present? | respiratory |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3773451_fig4_231594.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Masson's trichrome staining showing smooth muscle (pink) and collagen (blue) level in CCSM of rat at a magnification of 200x. MEBF treatment increased smooth muscle level in CCSM of young rats, and the effect was better than that of sildenafil. Smooth muscle level decreased in aged rat CCSM, and both MEBF and sildenafil treatment increased smooth muscle level significantly, with the effect of MEBF being more pronounced. Picrosirius red staining showing collagen-III (green) and collagen-I (red orange/yellow) level in CCSM of rat at a magnification of 100x. Collagen-III level was more prominent in CCSM of aged rats in comparison to young rats. Treatment of MEBF and sildenafil decreased collagen-III level. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3715520_pntd-0002340-g002_218741.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Representative image showing lung damage in a patient with nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.A 69-years-old woman with Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease. (A and B) High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest obtained at level of upper lobes showing multiples cavities in the right upper lobe and centrilobular nodules. It is also possible to observe bronchiectasis in left upper lobe (arrow). (C) Tree-in-bud pattern. (D) Presence of bronchiectasis in middle lobe. Also note centrilobular nodules at right lower lobe. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3017546_pone-0014497-g004_83411.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | NKp46 immunostaining.Patients with an overexpression of IL-18 and with low (A) or high level of TWEAK (B). Magnification is 20X (first column) and 40X (second column). ep: epithelium, s: stroma, gl: glands, sa: spiral arteries. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_2655.jpg | What is lower chest and abdomen anterior opened? | lower showing apparent two sets intestine with one liver |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3974733_pone-0093073-g003_278533.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | The in situ expression of UPK1A protein in gastric cancer specimens was assessed by immunohistochemistry.(A) and (E), Immuno-staining of a GC tumor and the adjacent non-tumorous area. (B) and (F), Strong UPK1A staining was observed in well-differentiated GC. (C) and (G), Weak UPK1A staining in moderately differentiated gastric cancer. (D) and (H), Negative UPK1A staining in poorly differentiated GC. (A–D with 200× magnification; E–H with 400×magnification). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35372.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | nonossifying fibroma |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4035490_Fig10_292103.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Retroperitoneal haematoma. a Axial unenhanced CT image of a 72-year-old man demonstrates haemorrhage involving bilateral anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) pararenal spaces as well as the area along the psoas muscles. The left kidney is displaced laterally. Attenuation of 45 HU (more than 30 HU) indicates acute haematoma. b Coronal unenhanced CT image of the same patient shows bilateral retroperitoneal haematomas (white arrows) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05121.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Post-operative anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis with bilateral uncemented monopolar hemi-arthroplasties. A fragment at the left greater trochanter is the result of a pre-operative abductor avulsion fracture. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3886399_Fig2_257647.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Preoperative anteroposterior radiographs showing the hip in a a neutral position and b a flexed adduction position. The arrows indicate the height of the greater trochanter, and the difference between these shows the expected descent of the tip of the greater trochanter. The dotted line indicates the teardrop line |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3555833_pone-0055071-g003_181520.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Enhanced IDO and a decreased PD-L1 expression in NOD pancreas pDCs.Pictures show the immunohistochemical detection of IDO in the pancreas of NOD mice at 4, 10 and 20 weeks of age, magnification 200x (A). The pancreas of NOD mice was stained for Siglec-H (green), IDO (red) and DAPI (blue) by immunofluorescence, magnification 400x (B). Histogram represents the PD-L1 expression on pDCs (CD11b−PDCA-1+ cells) in the pancreas of C57BL/6, NOR and NOD mice of 10 weeks of age (C). Bar graph represents the geometric MFI of PD-L1 on pDCs (D). Data are presented as average+SEM, n = 5 mice, * p<0.04, ** p<0.01 as determined by the unpaired Mann-Whitney U test. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4134213_pone-0104078-g005_313723.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Morphological examination of Ubiad1
+/+, Ubiad1
+/− and Ubiad1
−/− embryos from pregnant Ubiad1
+/− mice orally administered MK-4.(A) Morphology of Ubiad1
+/+, Ubiad1
+/− and Ubiad1
−/− embryos at E15.5 from MK-4-supplemented pregnant Ubiad1
+/− mice. (B) HE staining of embryos at E15.5. (C) Morphology of Ubiad1
+/+, Ubiad1
+/− and Ubiad1
−/− embryos at E17.5 from MK-4-supplemented pregnant Ubiad1
+/− mice. (D) HE staining of embryos at E17.5. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3374775_pone-0038852-g008_141434.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | TEM of unstained lesion, 7 and 14 day specimens with corresponding SAED patterns showing intrafibrillar mineral within collagen fibrils after remineralization.Diffraction was consistent with apatite with its long axis along the axis of the collagen fibrils. Inset of lesion shows lower magnification of the specimen appearance and the inset at 14 days shows intrafibrillar crystallites at higher magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1827.jpg | Does this image show thyroid, hashimoto 's? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1ps1e0b08329arp8xig.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 1 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3608571_pone-0059717-g003_194714.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Functional connectivity with supplementary motor area in both groups.Regions that showed a significant functional connectivity (FC) with supplementary motor area (SMA) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (upper panel) and in controls (lower panel). Hot color represents positive functional connectivity, whereas blue cold color represents negative functional connectivity. For display purposes only, all statistical maps (P<0.001, uncorrected) are overlayed on a T1-weighted MNI template. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1041.jpg | Is oral present? | yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4415936_pone.0125065.g002_382357.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Photomicrographs of representative lung sections obtained from C57BL/6 mice after a single bleomycin instillation (stained by hematoxylin-eosin).Tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to investigate inflammatory cells accumulation (21st day of the experiment). (A) Mice receiving intratracheal 0.9% NaCl, (B) Mice receiving intratracheal BLM, (C) Mice with fibrosis spiperone treated, (D) Mice with fibrosis HYAL treated, (E) Mice with fibrosis pegHYAL treated, (F) Mice with fibrosis pegHYAL and spiperone treated. The photomicrographs were taken using an Axio Lab.A1 (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging GmbH; Göttingen, Germany) microscope and AxioCam ERc5s digital camera. All photomicrographs were at 100 × magnification. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2911760_F4_70064.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Electron microscopy of lung parenchyma. Animals were randomly assigned to hypovolemia (HYPO), normovolemia (NORMO) or hypervolemia (HYPER) with recruitment maneuver (RM-CPAP) or not (NR). Type II pneumocyte (PII) as well as alveolar capillary membrane were damaged in all acute lung injury groups. Note that the alveolar-capillary membrane is less damaged in the HYPO-RM-CPAP group (ellipse) compared with the other groups. In NORMO-RM-CPAP, there was a detachment of alveolar capillary membrane (arrow). In HYPER-RM-CPAP, note that alveolar compartmentalization is lost with disorganization of the alveolar cellular components. Photomicrographs are representative of data obtained from lung sections derived from six animals. EN, endothelial cell. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_48794.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Panoramic view of hip. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3574679_f3-sensors-13-00334_186047.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | AO retinal images with adaptive compensation of the photoreceptor layer (A), vasculature (B) and retinal nerve fiber layer (C). Scale bars represent 50 μm. The blood vessels form a three-dimensional network across the inner retinal layers. All the images shown in this review have been acquired using a flood-illumination AO retinal camera (rtx1, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3222619_F10_116654.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Microscopic images of Kidney sections in curative study. Representative microscopic images of the H and E of the kidney sections from normal (A), Lithogenic group (B) and Treated (C) with Ov.Cr. A1, B1 and C1 show the polarized images of the sections. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3064645_F2_91111.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | JEV binding to 3A10-3F and BHK-21 cells measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). JEV antigen were detected with anti-JEV mAb and FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG at 24 hr post-infection, and uninfected 3A10-3F cells (a) and BHK-21 cells (c) were negative controls. The cytoplasm and nuclei were stained red by Evans blue, and green fluorescent signals of viral antigen were significantly weaker in 3A10-3F cells (b) than in BHK-21 cells (d) (Magnification: ×400). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic52800.jpg | what is the plane of this ultrasound? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2894859_pone-0011323-g003_67933.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI and QD-probe digital macroimages from glioblastoma multiforme, grade IV biopsy X.(A) T1 weighted MRI axial scan showing gadolinium positive signal. (B–E) Digital macrophotographic images of ex vivo stained biopsies from the resected tumor and adjacent brain tissue stained with targeted QD probes taken with the same magnification and the same exposure times. Tumor tissue (B) 625QDStAv-biotin-MAb528 EGFR staining, (C) 625QDGAMIG-MAb 199.12 EGFR staining. Adjacent brain, (D) 625QDStAv-biotin-MAb528 EGFR staining, (E) invading tumor tissue, 625QDStAv-biotin-MAb528 EGFR staining. Excitation, 365 nm; emission >450 mm. Objective 5X NA 0.15. Bar 1 mm. Note that panel D serves as the control for panel B, ie stained with the same probes under identical conditions. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3900264_F4_260934.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Effects of SHSST on representative H&E staining of liver tissue. Pictures in the left panel are at the original magnification of 100×. The pictures in the right panel are at the original magnification of 400 × . |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3121951_f0010_100323.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Representative microCT images of trabecular bone in the sciatic neurectomised (right) and contra-lateral normally loaded control tibias (left) from each of the 8 groups of mice. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3148529_F5_104177.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Kupffer cells in developing mouse liver. Fluorescence images showing Alexa 488 (green) F4/80 immunoreactivity and large 0.2 μm microspheres (red) labelling of cells in developing mouse liver. The left column (A, D, G J) presents F4/80 immunoreactivity. The middle column (B, E, H, K) presents microsphere fluorescence in the same sections as shown in A, D, and G. The right column (C, F, I, L) presents merged images from the left and middle columns. Top row, tissue from pup euthanized at P3; second row from P6, third row from P11, and bottom row from P14. Calibration bar in L = 50 μm for all images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4072634_pone-0100132-g005_301583.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Transversal imaging of ROS in olive roots: (A–C: apical zone, D–F: mature zone) Imaging of DHE (superoxide anion) and (G–I: apical zone, J–L: mature zone) DCF–DA fluorescence (peroxide) accumulation in olive roots.(A,D,G,J) non treated roots -control-; (B,E,H,K) roots in contact with Rhizophagus irregularis 24 h (AMF); (C,F,I,L) roots in contact with Verticillium dahliae (PF) 1 h. At least 5 roots were tested for each experimental condition and 5 independent repeats were analyzed. Bar = 100 µm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic32354.jpg | what type of imaging modality is shown? | ct w/contrast (iv) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4185420_fig6s2_325152.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Pvr expression is regulated autonomously by bip1, Nup98, and RpS8 within the lymph gland.Mock FLP-out Gal4-expressing clones (GFP-positive cells, green) show no reduction in Pvr expression (red, A–A′), whereas similar clones expressing Pvr RNAi show a very strong reduction in Pvr protein expression (B–B′). FLP-out Gal4-expressing clones expressing either bip1 RNAi (C–C′) or Nup98 RNAi (D–D′) also reduce Pvr protein levels, with bip1 RNAi exhibiting somewhat stronger effects. FLP-out clones were made using Hand-gal4 UAS-FLP Ay-gal4 UAS-GFP at 25°C. Restricting the RNAi knockdown of bip1 (F), Nup98 (G), or RpS8 (H) to circulating cells with srpHemo-gal4 (E) shows no effect on lymph gland Pvr levels.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03626.013 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491271_Fig2_402846.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Subcellular localization of full length HBZ and HBZ fragments as assessed by the 4D4-F3 mAb. Full length GFP-tagged HBZ (HBZ) and a series of GFP-tagged HBZ fragments listed in the top of the figure, were transfected into 293T cells and their subcellular localization investigated by confocal microscopy either as GFP fluorescence (first series of horizontal panels, a1–f1) or as reactivity with the 4D4-F3 mAb followed by Alexa fluor 546-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody (second series of horizontal panels, a2–f2). Third series of horizontal panels represent the merge between the GFP and the Alexa fluor 546 signals (a3–f3). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3289906_fig1_127736.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | X-ray after dorsoventral spondylectomy. Postoperative X-ray of case 6. Dorsoventral intralesional spondylectomy of L4, dorsal instrumentation from L3 to L5, and titanium cage interposition with bone graft. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4632130_f2_440602.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Photographs of the samples (bar: 5 mm): lotus leaves covered with a sputtered gold film (a) 10-nm, (b) 20 nm and (c) 30-nm-thick (sample I–III), (d) a lotus leaf covered with 30-nm-thick vacuum-evaporated gold (sample IV), (e) lotus leaf without coating (sample V), and (f) a dokudami leaf covered with a 30-nm-thick sputtered gold film (sample VI) for control. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3813798_f2-ol-06-05-1406_240310.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Case 1. (A) Photomicrograph exhibiting angiocentric and perivascular growth of myofibroblasts (HE staining; magnification, ×100). (B) Immunohistochemistry showing immunopositivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA; magnification, ×100). (C) Immunohistochemistry showing immunopositivity for vimentin (VIM; magnification, ×100). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qr1f5j08325e5i8d1w.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4314416_f2-ijmm-35-03-0625_354635.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Pancreatic histological alterations. Rats were sacrificed at 12, 24 and 48 h after the induction of AP, 6 rats at each time point in each group. Representative light micrographs from (A, F and K) the normal control group, (B, G and L) NaTc + vehicle-treated group, (C, H and M) NaTc + AS-IV-treated group, (D, I and N) L-Arg + vehicle-treated group, and (E, J and O) L-Arg + AS-IV-treated group are presented (magnification, x200). By comparison, pre-treatment with AS-IV significantly decreased interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and acinar cell necrosis. AS-IV, astragaloside IV; NaTc, sodium taurocholate; L-Arg, L-arginine; AP, acute pancreatitis. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1977.jpg | Is muscle caused by numerous blood transfusions? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3876774_fig1_255115.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | mpMRI-ultrasound image fusion: suspicious lesion (arrows) on T2W (a), on DWI with low ADC (b), and washout curve on DCE (c). Correlation of an anatomical landmark (cyst) for registration of b-mode ultrasound and SPACE 3D T2W-MRI (d). Target point (+) in the center of the suspicious lesion on b-mode ultrasound and SPACE 3D T2W-MRI (e). Note the slight deformation of the lesion (circle) on the ultrasound due to compression by the endorectal probe. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4192579_F1_326876.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A) Ulcerative lesion in right glosso-mandibular sulcus and right lateral lingual border. B) Intraoperative image after intraoral resection of the lesion with wide margins. C) Surgical specimen. D) Intraoperative image showing nasolabial flap design. Transbuccal tunnel allows the flap to be transferred into the intraoral cavity. E, F) Postoperative images before and after radiotherapy treatment. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_24310.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Portable semi-upright anterior-posterior chest radiograph in our reported patient with chest pain. A foreign body at the tip of left subclavian vein and right pulmonary artery are noted |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3025911_pone-0016007-g007_85335.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Formation of EVs in various human malignant tumor cell lines.Human gastric carcinoma N-87 (A) and flavopiridol-resistant breast cancer MCF-7/FLV1000 cells (B) were fixed and co-reacted with antibodies to ABCG2 (f), ZO-1 (b) and ERM complex (c and g) as detailed in Materials and Methods. Cells were then examined with a Zeiss inverted Cell-Observer microscope at a magnification of ×400. The merged images including nuclei stained with DAPI were generated using Cell-Observer software. BF indicates bright field mode. Continuous arrows denote the localization of EVs markers (either ABCG2 or ERM complex), whereas dashed arrows indicate TJ localization. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4348402_Fig8_363692.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. |
Microscopic examination shows many dilated thick-walled vessels of varying caliber in the myometrium (hematoxylin-eosin staining; magnification 100×).
|
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4264257_Fig4_344204.jpg | Describe the image concisely. |
Fresh and decellularized anulus fibrosus (AF) stained with sirius red. (A) Fresh AF stained with sirius red, ×40 magnification. (B) Decellularized AF stained with sirius red, ×40 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3084297_pone-0019344-g006_93729.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Microchannel formation by spatially bioprinting the sacrificial living porogens using a cell bioprinter.(a) E. coli (800,000 CFU/mL) were mixed with 0.5% agarose at 40°C. Agarose-bacteria mixture was printed on a 1% agarose pre-coated petri dish and covered with another 1% agarose layer on top. (b) Top view of bacterial colony chain in 0.5% agarose. (c) Merged bacterial colonies. (d) Cross-section of a formed microchannel in the hydrogel. (e) Diffusion enhanced in bioprinted microfluidic hydrogels at areas with high porous density. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71575.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Control exit angiography after implantation of 2 vascular stents in the RVOT and MPA following telescope stent-in-stent technique (Abbott Vascular MULTI-LINK 4 × 8 mm and 3.5 × 15 mm) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4450302_fig6_391677.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Seed point extraction results of five groups of data sets. The first to the fourth columns correspond to the source angiograms, segmentation results of Fritzsche, Boroujeni, and the proposed methods. The first to the fifth rows correspond to five different data sets. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3039561_F2_87268.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | IVUS images showing optimal stent expansion (A); neointima formation (B) and late stent malaposition 6 months after a DES implantation (C). OCT imaging allows not only assessment of stent expansion but also evaluation of stent struts coverage (absence of coverage (D) vs. complete coverage (E)) and measurement of neointimal hyperplasia (F). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4663318_fig3_448700.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Follow-up CT-scan. Follow-up CT-scan approximately 2.5 months after liver resection showing the further volume increase of the liver remnant (a). Furthermore, examples of the novel extrahepatic tumor manifestations in terms of peritoneal carcinosis (b) as well as lung metastases (c) are shown (marked by red circles, resp.). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3743135_F6_224738.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Cellular distribution of KV10.1_Venus and CFP-tagged PIST. CFP-PIST, when expressed alone (A), reproduced from Figure 5, gave a diffuse distribution with preferential location to the Golgi (stained in red). Overexpressed KV10.1 showed a preferentially intracellular distribution (B). When co-expressed (C), both CFP-PIST and KV10.1 were detectable at the cell periphery, compatible with an increase of membrane localization of both proteins. (D) represents a larger magnification of the area represented by a white square in the “merged” panel in (C), Scale bar: 10 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2801662_F3_53774.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Preoperative CT scan. The scan shows a severely fibrotic, contracted gallbladder (arrow) and multiple simple liver cysts. Retrograde dissection was required in this patient (case 3) (Somatom Volume Zoom - 4 slice, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4518302_f1_410054.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Characterization of W18O49 and annealed WO3 samples.(a) X-ray diffraction patterns of as-obtained W18O49 sample and annealed WO3 with all reflections perfectly indexed; (b) ultraviolet–visible profile comparison between W18O49 sample and annealed WO3, showing a blue shift and an obvious absorption tail beyond the edge that may arise from the presence of oxygen vacancies; (c,d) scanning electron microscopy images for W18O49 and WO3 samples, respectively. Inset in (c): high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image on one single nanowire illustrating clear lattice fringe of 0.38 nm, which suggested that the nanowire growth was along the [010] direction. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3925488_Fig7_267379.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
A case of uterine bleeding caused by a uterine cervix pregnancy at 5 weeks. Hemorrhage-responsible arteriogram (HRA) created by CT during pelvic arteriography depicts the bilateral uterine arteries responsible for uterine bleeding (a). Using oblique HRA images, the right uterine artery (blue color) (b) and the left uterine artery (green color) (c) were selectively catheterized. Angiographic images of each of the bilateral uterine arteries depict a hypervascular stain corresponding to the placenta (d, e). The patient received actinomycin D infusion for abortion followed by embolization with gelatin sponge particles (f). |
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