image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_09920.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Postop radiographs. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_75696.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Anteroposterior fluoroscopic image of the abdomen demonstrates the wire (arrows) passing over the hepatic dome from a right lateral percutaneous approach. Contrast is seen opacifying the correct location of the peritoneal cavity. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4312695_F1_354351.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Clinical and MRI examination. a) Intraoral photograph showed an expansive non-fluctuant mass, ovoid in shape, on the right maxilla with palatine protrusion including 2nd premolar and 1st molar. Overlying mucosa was intact. b) MRI T1 before operation. Axial plane shows the tumor’s extension through the right side of the palate involving 2nd premolar and 1st molar without reaching the midline. The mass showed variable densities and bony erosion of the maxilla. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4105468_pone-0102164-g005_307582.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Real-time imaging of the 7EMT process in live cells.(A) After the delivery of miR-200a-MB-MNPs (20 µg/ml) into NMuMG cells, real-time imaging was performed following TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) treatment. From 2 minute 30 seconds after EMT induction, NMuMG cells containing MNPs (green) in their cytoplasm showed Cy5 fluorescence (white arrows) generated by the miR-200a-MBs. (B) The Cy5 fluorescence intensity was quantified with Image J, showing increased signals generated by miR-200a-MBs. (C) During the acquisition period of real-time imaging, the NMuMG cells exhibited morphological changes and the loss of cell-cell adhesions (red arrows) after TGF-β1 treatment. Scale bar, 10 µm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2435111_F1_24526.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Patient 1: Panel A: T1-W turbo spin echo sequence. Panel B: STIR (Short Tau Inversion Recovery) sequence. Panel C: bSSFP sequence. Panel D: post-contrast T1-w turbo spin echo sequence. Panel E: first pass perfusion. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl4s3u7071u1ccm7nxt.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3913446_pcu004-F5_263875.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Electron micrographs in the minor veins of the first leaves of 18-day-old A. thaliana plants grown under a 390 p.p.m. (control) or a 780 p.p.m. (experimental) atmospheric CO2 concentration. Note that more and larger starch grains were observed in chloroplasts of vein cells (such as CCs) of the experimental plants (B) than the control plants (A). (C, D) Magnified images of the red boxes in (A) and (B), respectively. Blue stars indicate sieve elements. White asterisks indicate starch, CC, companion cell. Scale bars = 5 µm for (A) and (B); 2 µm for (C) and (D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4606811_f8_433691.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Altered expression of LXR and SREBP1c occurs in hepatic biopsies from HIV infected patients with NASH.Liver biopsies from (A) healthy donor, (B) HIV infected patient with mild steatosis and (C) HIV infected patient with moderate severe hepatic steatosis were serially sectioned and stained with LXRα and SREBP1c antibodies; (Magnification 200x). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4699835_pone.0145516.g002_458806.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Photographs of hybrid snakes.At the top of the figure, the B. erythromelas (Be, ♀) and the B. neuwiedi (Bn, ♂) that mated and originated F1 hybrids (Hy) (photographed at 36 months old). At the bottom of the figure is shown two 2-month-old individuals originated from the mating between Hy# 11 and Hy# 03. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4106910_F5_307896.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | FE-SEM micrographs for PTFE/PPS coatings via non-uniform cooling processes. FE-SEM micrographs with different magnifications of surface microstructures of PTFE/PPS superhydrophobic coating cured at 390°C for 1.5 h and then quenched in the dry ice cooling medium (Q3 coating) (a ×2,000, b ×10,000, c ×30,000, d ×2,000, e ×10,000, f ×30,000, g ×10,000, h ×30,000).The continuous zone of the coatings is marked with red circles while the discontinuous zone is marked with red ellipse. The insets show the behavior of water droplets on Q3 coating surface: WCA = 154°. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3499207_F2_166217.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Slit-lamp (A, B) and histological (C, D) examinations 11 months after the initial presentation. The salmon-pink conjunctival tumor remains unchanged OD (A). The conjunctival tumor shows marginal regression after radiotherapy OS (B). Histologically, diffuse atypical lymphoid cell infiltration with plasma cells is observed OD (C, H & E staining), while small lymphoid cells infiltrate the stroma OS (D, H & E staining). Bar indicates 100 μm. OD, oculus dexter; OS, oculus sinister. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2585576_F3_30462.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A. echocardiogram of a subject with a large atrial septal defect; B. 2D echocardiogram of a subject with effusive pericarditis. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3664317_F5_206970.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | A task-based fMRI example from a patient with a right side stroke affecting their right leg. (A) An activation pattern generated using a standard fMRI model and (B) an activation pattern using an alternative approach, that is the patient’s electrodermal activity time-series data measured concurrently. (C) Moving the right affected limb (R:Aff) resulted in larger and repeated phasic EDA responses compared to the left unaffected (L:Unaff) limb, where EDA responses are small and habituate. (D) The event-related fMRI paradigm is shown for reference. These results suggest moving the affected limb increased arousal and/or effort (Based on MacIntosh et al., 2008). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3639832_F4_202102.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Motility Tests of the P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 strain. (A) Motility assays performed in semisolid M9 media containing 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% agar at 18°C and 28°C. (B) Motility assays in semisolid KB media containing 0.3% (left) and 0.5% (right) agar. (C) The results obtained using the stab technique in M9 and KB media. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3514279_pone-0050582-g006_170550.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Anastamoses within the 3D capillary bed.(a) Fluorescent images of hMVECs undergoing angiogenic sprouting at Day 1–6 after seeding. Arrows indicate the points of contact where vessels anastamose and form lumens. (b) Phase contrast images of 3D microvascular networks in alginate-collagen gels at 4× magnification and (c) 20× magnification. (d) High resolution confocal images taken at Day 6 show specific sites of anastomoses, and dotted boxes correspond to images at (e) higher magnification (VE-cadherin, green; actin, red; cell nuclei, blue). Scale bars, 250 µm (a–d), 50 µm (e). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_0636.jpg | Is the cytoplasm large excess of mature and small differentiated lymphocytes? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3561274_F2_183047.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Screening chest CT at 2 years before CT examination at our hospital. A 7mm slice thickness CT shows a faint pure GGO in the right upper lobe (arrow), which is smaller than that of Figure 1. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3503812_pone-0049889-g007_167681.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Electron micrographs of rod cells from 1-month old mice with the P23H transgene in combination with different numbers of wild type rhodopsin genes.Genotypes are abbreviated at the top: 1 Rho+P23H is mRho+/−P23H+/0, 2 Rho+P23H is mRho+/+P23H+/0, and 3 Rho+P23H is mRho+/+NHRE+/0P23H+/0. The top row of images is at 700X magnification, the middle row is at 4400X, and the bottom row is at 12000X, with scale bars indicating 11 µm, 1.7 µm, and 0.6 µm, respectively. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3881914_f1-ol-07-02-0531_256694.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Axial MRI T1 with contrast images. (A) Third recurrence, nine years following diagnosis, of an enhancing lesion in the anterior temporal fossa involving the left optic nerve. (B) Resolution of the lesion following 9 months of steroid therapy. (C) Fourth recurrence, 12 years following diagnosis, consisting of a new contrast-enhancing lesion in the contralateral temporal lobe. (D) Two-year follow-up showing complete sustained resolution of the lesion following seven months of steroid therapy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4300775_Fig3_351499.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
A case of hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections. (
A) Preoperative lateral radiograph showed disc space narrowing with endplate erosion at L3-4 level, and (B) MRI revealed L3-4 spondylodiscitis. (C) Postoperative lateral radiograph demonstrated the presence of anterior interbody fusion with allograft and traditional open posterior pedicle screw. (D) Postoperative lateral view at two-year follow-up revealed union of L3-4 interbody fusion. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4241309_fig5_338653.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Radiograph showing (a) the reverse shoulder arthroplasty five months after implantation and (b) the reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the enlarged lucencies (arrows) at 18 months after implantation, which is just prior to its removal. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3444451_pone-0045116-g005_155435.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | PET Images from One Representative Animal at 24 hours Post Dose: Frontal View (A) and Sagittal View (B). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3767048_fig4_230458.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Findings in PET-CT scan before and after cellular therapy. (a) PET-CT scan before intervention showing reduced FDG uptake in the areas of frontal lobe, cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and mesial temporal lobe. (b) PET-CT scan six months after intervention comparison shows increased FDG uptake in the areas of frontal lobe, cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, and mesial temporal lobe. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3087231_F0003_94345.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | MRI six weeks after injury. The coronal fast spin echo T2- weighted image with fat saturation (a) and the sagittal T1-weighted (b) image show a new abnormality in the anterior aspect of the right femoral head, which is with low signal intensity on T1 weighted and high signal intensity on T2 weighted. (Images obtained on a 1.5T General Electric MR scanner) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4192579_F1_326877.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | A) Ulcerative lesion in right glosso-mandibular sulcus and right lateral lingual border. B) Intraoperative image after intraoral resection of the lesion with wide margins. C) Surgical specimen. D) Intraoperative image showing nasolabial flap design. Transbuccal tunnel allows the flap to be transferred into the intraoral cavity. E, F) Postoperative images before and after radiotherapy treatment. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxva90co074y41clguhf.jpg | Are there any anatomical landmarks in the image? | Z-line |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2924515_F0003_71798.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Conjunctival biopsy and vitreous material. (a) Conjunctival biopsy with large amyloid aggregates in the subepithelial tissue (*); (b) exhibiting typical congophilia and birefringence under the polarizer (*); (c) fluffy vitreous material; (d) displaying congophilia. (a and c: H and E stain; b and d: Congo red; a–d ×80 original magnification) |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4617072_F2_435958.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Radiological evaluation of the brain before surgery. T1-weighted axial gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrated a ring-enhancing cystic lesion at the right part of suprasellar region in the anterior of optic chiasma (arrows) (A, C, D). T2-weighted image demonstrates the same lesion as in the previous image (arrow) (B). A cyst in the pineal region was also showed with long-T1 and long-T2 signals (arrows) (E, F). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2217533_F1_16793.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | A 14-year-old girl with idiopathic scoliosis and the Lenke classification was 1C+. A-B: AP radiographs before treatment showing right thoracic scoliosis measured 92°. C:Bending films showed right thoracic scoliosis corrected to 77°. D:The right thoracic curve correction obtained with Halo-femoral traction treatment was 40.2%. E-F:The major curve measured 35° after posterior spinal fusion and the correction rate was 62%. G-H: AP and lateral radiographs at 20-month follow-up showed solid spinal fusion with a 37° right thoracic curve. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3974844_pone-0093999-g001_278608.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Location of neuronal iconic protein expression in human renal tissues and in human brain tissues.Immunohistochemical staining of NeuN, NSE, nestin, S100, nephrin, synaptopodin, UCH-L1 and α-actinin-4 were positive in the glomerulus, with positive cells primarily localized around the glomerular capillary loop, approximately at the site of podocyte distribution (A, C), as well as in the polymorphic neurons in brain tissues (B, D). Elivison×400. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03947.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Encircling Hip Heterotopic Ossification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4700442_f6_459065.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Pathological observations of damages (e.g., the red spots especially for the lung) to four organs (lung, liver, kidney and heart) from KM mice after ricin aerosol exposure (10 μg/mouse) with and without the nsPEFs treatment with different pulse durations (10 ns, 100 ns and 300 ns) for 200 pulses.PC refers to the KM mouse group exposed to 10 μg/mouse ricin toxin via inhalation without treatment, and NC refers to the KM mouse group exposed to only saline aerosols. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_73812.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Foetus at 31 + 2 GW with multiple contractures. The thick-slab T2-w image shows an abnormal inward rotation of the foot compared with the course of the calf (arrow), resulting in a clubfoot deformity |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4647448_Fig3_444317.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Nuclear localization of PHF11 is induced by poly(I:C). a Confocal microscopy of PHF11 localization in HaCaT keratinocytes on day 4 of culture in the absence of poly(I:C) (untreated), or after a 24-h poly(I:C) treatment (+poly(I:C)). b Higher magnification image of the nuclei of cells treated with poly(I:C) and stained for PHF11 (green), NF-κB (red). A merged image of PHF11 and NF-κB (lower left), as well as DAPI-stained nuclei (lower right) is shown |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvb90e4074y3ro53u7x.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3507901_F3_168934.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | FISH detection of viral RNA in salivary glands of Aedes albopictus by confocal microscopy. FISH was carried out on salivary glands dissected from Ae. albopictus females at 14 days post-infection with blood-meals containing DENV-2 Bangkok strain, using the three DENV-Probes simultaneously. Viral RNA is detected (green) in the distal zone of the lobe close to the salivary duct. No signal was detected in control females engorged with an uninfected blood-meal. Bar, 500 μm. A global view of salivary glands is provided in the supplementary Figure S2. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4243337_fig-2_338901.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Characterization of parental cells and candidate colonies.Phase images compare the morphology of control H9p54 hESCs with parental ChM5 and ChMRCB1ChMRC.B1 cells. Inserts are magnified 3X. Note change in size due to higher area of cytoplasm in somatic cells. Magnification is identical within columns. Immunostaining of H9p45 hESCs and candidate iChM5Ap3 and iChMRCB1ChMRC.B1Ap7 colonies for Oct4 (red) and a fluorescent DNA (blue) dye. Scale bar, 100 microns. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39829.jpg | which plane is the image taken? | axial |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3795655_pone-0076845-g010_237265.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Relation of BCL-6/BCoR aggregates to components of the nuclear pore complex.ECs were transfected with EFpBCL-6 or EFp-BCoR-A (A) or with a combination of both plasmids (B). Cells were processed after 12 hours with Hoechst 33342 DNA stain and with antibodies against NUPs, BCL-6 and BCoR for CLSM imaging. Scale bars: 5 µm (applying to all panels). The last lane shows magnifications of the indicated regions (white rectangles). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4499200_Fig6_405292.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | HE staining of proximal metaphysis of right tibia in the CTR, SUR, and SUR + ECT groups at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks post-surgery. Histological images were taken at 40× magnification |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1764169_f3-ehp0114-a00700_8290.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Biomarkers of biologically effective dose assess the interaction of toxicants with molecular targets such as protein receptors. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04617.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Panoramic radiograph showing Begg's bracket on 11 and traction with a ligature wire tied to a stainless steel base arch wire |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37267.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Cerebral computed tomography scan without contrast, axial section, parenchymal window. Homogeneous subdural isodense hematoma, right hemisphere, with deviation from the midline and contralateral subarachnoid hemorrhage |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03127.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Axial brain MRI in FLAIR sequence showing abnormal signals in sigmoid sinus. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4180070_pone-0108160-g008_323783.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological assessment of SOX2-expressing hair cells shows no morphological changes or downregulation of hair cell markers over time.A–D. Both calretinin and myosin VI are expressed normally in Gfi1-SOX2 mutants (B,D) at P6 when compared to controls (A,C). A′–D′. Expression of SOX2 alone (shown also in A–D) demonstrates the upregulation of SOX2 in the inner and outer hair cells in Gfi1-SOX2 mutants (asterisks indicate hair cell nuclei expressing SOX2 in B′–D′). Scale bar in D = 100 microns for A–D. E–H. Expression of indicated hair cells markers in Gfi1-SOX2 mutants (F,H) is maintained normally at P20 when compared to controls (E,G). Scale bar in H = 100 microns for E–H. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4665537_diagnostics-03-00261-f003_448982.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | CT perfusion examination of a 77-year-old female after right-sided portal vein embolization prior to liver resection. The patient has a large HCC in the right liver lobe and segment 4. (A) Perfusion shows the portal flow, which is eliminated on the right side and elevated in the left liver lobe; (B) Perfusion index (Arterial Flow/Arterial Flow + Portal Flow). This index is low in the left side due to elevated portal flow, and the index is high in all of the embolized segments, but highest in the vascular part of the HCC (arrow) (Images reconstructed with Vitrea 6.2, Vital Images A Toshiba Medical Systems Group). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzfdp4k086udepueye0.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 2 |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glqs4tv071u6bvv5ncd.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3933554_fig1_269209.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CEUS image of the I IF joint of the left hand (patient Number 25) at the start (a) and at the 12th month (b) of anti-TNF therapy. A reduction in the grade of contrast enhancement from (a) to (b) is shown. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_62332.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | 42-year-old man diagnosed with malignant paraganglioma. Axial post-contrast CT image demonstrates malignant paraganglioma encircling abdominal aorta in the retroperitoneal region with peripheral enhancement (arrows). Due to extensive necrosis, central portion of the tumor is hypodense with regard to peripheral areas. Note that there is also a liver metastasis (arrowhead) revealing systemic spread. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2569032_F2_28939.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | MRI of the pelvis. Left: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis is showing extensive irregular collection (abscesses) along the left obturator internus muscle with infiltration to the surrounding left hip structures (arrow). Right: Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis is showing left hip joint effusion that is suggestive of septic joint (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4241518_f5_338704.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Numerical simulations of Whispering gallery type resonant modes formed in NNWs.(a) Schematic diagram of the self-formed microcavity for optical characterization. (b) Schematic views of the approximate pentagon and hexagon, defined by interconnected nanowalls. (c, d) Simulated resonance patterns diagrams of the proposed pentagon and hexagon nanostructures, displaying that standing wave field distribution can be formed. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3769296_pone-0075058-g002_230771.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Maps of functional connectivity with Amygdala in the results of one sample t-test.Resting state left amygdala FC pattern for (a) LOD group, (b) HC group. Resting state right amygdala FC pattern for (c) LOD group, (d) HC group. Corrected with Monte Carlo simulation, P<0.05, Cluster size is more than 119 voxels. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3177909_F2_109367.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Kinetics of EBV DNAemia and computerized tomography scan analysis in a patient with PTLD. (A) Monitoring by computerized tomography scan analysis of an intrathoracic PTLD nodule (white arrow) in a lung transplant recipient. (B) EBV DNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy specimens. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4159637_F2_319205.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | SEM images of ZnO nanorod arrays coated with pulsed current polymerized PPy sheath. (A) Initial stage of PPy oligomers cluster deposition, (B) ZnO core-PPy sheath structure after 10 k pulsed electropolymerization cycles, (C) PPy nanotube array after 2-h etch, and (D) open pore PPy nanotube array after 4-h etch. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3163576_pone-0022835-g004_106776.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Final registration results for five tumors.Registered ex vivo T2*-w MRI (first column), in vivo T2*-w MRI (second column), registered color 3D histology (third column), and checkerboard view of in vivo and registered histology (fourth column). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1579.jpg | Does malignant lymphoma show stress ulcers, stomach? | no |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3634810_pone-0062579-g001_200533.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The main features of images acquired from a Golgi-stained whole mouse brain using MOST.(A) A half of a coronal slice used for soma size measurement. (B) The local 3D image stack including random soma distributions and comparatively dense neurites from (A). The three somas surrounded with yellow circles correspond to the three somas in (C). (C) Examples showing the hollowness of somas in (B). The first column shows the projection images of the sub-stacks containing the three somas. The right image sequence shows discontinuous sections with fixed interval (10 µm) in each sub-stack. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2789724_F2_52630.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Histological findings on tissue sections. Histological section of the placenta. A) Numerous PAS positive hyphae are present within the necrotic cotyledons (PAS reaction, magnification ×200). B) Numerous fungal hyphae (black), irregular in diameter and without regular septation, are present. (GMS stain, magnification ×200). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4194850_F2_327299.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Figure 1. The normal red reflex |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4331827_F1_359661.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Axial T2WI, T1WI and contrast-enhanced T1WI as well as ADC and DWI maps show the classic appearance of PCNSL where the mass is isointense to mildly hypointense on T2WI and isointense on T1WI (relative to gray-matter) and shows predominantly solid, intense contrast enhancement (1a-1d). The mass is also in a typical distribution abutting a CSF-containing space (in the splenium of the corpus callosum abutting the lateral ventricles in this case). The mass is associated with extensive perilesional T2-hyperintensity. On ADC and DWI, the mass shows diffusion restriction. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4637027_fig8_442252.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Anti-CD15-SPIONs injected into the corpus callosum. After injection of anti-CD15-SPIONs into the corpus callosum, the corpus callosum (arrows) shows decreased signal intensity on T2∗-weighted (a) and T2-weighed images (b), which was retained until 7 days after injection. No decreased signal intensity appears in the RMS or SVZ. Prussian blue staining reveals that there were positive SPIONs in the needle track (black arrowhead) and the corpus callosum (arrows), while no positive SPIONs are present in the SVZ and RMS (black rectangle). Bar = 200 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4395195_fig01_377667.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Biometal imaging in liver. (A) Simultaneous LA-ICP-MS imaging of C, Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb isotopes in a liver section taken from a 10 months old wild-type animal. (B) A liver section of a 11 months old male mouse lacking the copper transporter gene Atp7b that had already developed a tumour (left panel) was analysed for its copper content by LA-ICP-MS imaging (right panel). In the respective analysis, the distribution of Cu is depicted as a three-dimensional representation. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24431.jpg | what is abnormal in the mri? | chiari ii malformation |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3564927_pone-0055464-g001_183896.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | T1-weighted and diffusion weighted imaging of a patient with hyperintense DWI signal intensity (A, B) and of a patient with hypointense DWI signal intensity (D, E) and the Gomori silver impregnation stain for reticulin in these patients showing dense reticulin network (C) and scattered reticulin network (F). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzadoy8086u7rog5t28.jpg | Is there text? | No |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_1743.jpg | Does this section show normal kidney? | no |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4407415_Fig1_380149.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative immunohistochemical analysis of B7-H3 expression in tissue sections of HCC. B7-H3 immunostaining in HCC tissues (A) Strong positive, (B) Moderate positive, (C) Weak positive. B7-H3 immunostaining in HCC adjacent liver tissues (D), normal liver tissues (E) and metastatic tumor (F). Higher B7-H3 expression was often observed in tumor cells at the tumor edge (G), invading (arrows) to surrounding tissue, ×200 magnification. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2360632_fig4_21307.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Invasive breast cancer specimens from the tissue microarray with (A) negative, (B) moderate, and (C) strong positive staining reaction for PRL-3. (D) Strong PLR-3 staining of tumour vessel. (E) PRL-3 negative and (F) positive lymph node metastases. Magnification 10-fold. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4093294_F3_305304.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
Figure 3. (A) September 3 MRI brain FLAIR sequence showing
classic posterior appearance of PRES. (B) October 20 MRI brain FLAIR sequence
revealing complete resolution after 6 weeks. Images printed with permission from
Clinic Station at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
|
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4257152_F3_342057.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Statistical parametric maps showing (A) a linear increase in BOLD signal with target's pain ratings, and (B) regional increases in BOLD signal at the time of target pain onset (irrespective of the pain intensity experienced by the target person). The maps are thresholded at an uncorrected p-value of p < 0.001. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3784059_Fig3_233807.jpg | What is shown in this image? | CT scan of the patient with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the left lung complicated by atelectasis before (a) and after (b) interventional therapy. The arrows showed the position of lesions |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18757.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | askin tumor of chest wall |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3064591_pone-0018065-g009_91059.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Increased occurrence of micronuclei and anaphase bridges in LmnaDhe/+ fibroblasts indicate segregation defects during mitosis.(A–F) Immunodetection of Lamin A (red; A,B,E,F) and Lamin B (green; C–F) in LmnaDhe/+ fibroblasts. Mutant fibroblast cultures have an increased proportion of cells with anaphase bridges (A,C,E; white arrowheads) (Table 3; p<0.001; t-test) and micronuclei (B,D,F; white arrowheads) (Table 3; p<0.001; t-test), as compared to Lmna+/+ cells, consistent with chromosome segregation defects during mitosis. Single confocal optical sections though the middle of the nucleus are shown. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_31697.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Preoperative axial T2-weighted MRI showing severe C5-6 cord compression by a massive disc herniation. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01626.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Magnetic resonance examination of the brain revealing diffuse sulcal space and cisternal space effacement with diffusely increased signal of the extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid spaces and ependyma of the lateral ventricles on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. Diffuse parenchymal swelling and slightly increased T2-weighted signal of the cortex of the temporal lobes, insular cortex and hippocampal regions noted bilaterally suggests encephalitis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3907062_F5_262727.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Dynamic translocation of STIM1 into neuronal filopodia in response to store-depletion. Representative time-lapse fluorescent images of growth cone expressing YFP-XSTIM1 before (1 mM Ca2+) and after store Ca2+ depletion (0 mM Ca2+/CPA). mCherry was co-expressed to mark filopodia and growth cone. Images were pseudocolored to enhance the observation of intensity changes. The arrows indicate newly translocated XSTIM1 proteins into neuronal filopodia. Scale bars: 10 μm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3151269_pone-0023101-g002_104550.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Bioluminescence imaging of gene transduction by vectors derived from AAV2, -8 and -9 displaying peptide ligands.In vivo bioluminescence imaging of transgene expression in FVB mice injected intravenously with rAAV-luciferase vectors harboring wild type capsid or capsids displaying a targeting peptide selected in the structural context of AAV2. Images were taken 28 days after vector injection, when whole animal bioluminescence intensities (BLI) reached peak values after injection of luciferase substrate. BLI ranges from 105–108 relative light units per animal (photons/sec/cm2). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3554681_pone-0055079-g001_181319.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Representative images of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).ARMD is a clinical spectrum that begins with accumulation of yellowish deposits (yellow arrow) underneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) called drusen (A), which are hallmarks of non-neovascular ARMD. In some patients, this may progress to advanced disease with subretinal hemorrhage (white arrow) from choroidal neovascularization in neovascular ARMD (B). Optical coherence tomography (C–D) is an imaging modality frequently used to distinguish the two entities. Smooth dome-shaped elevations of the RPE (yellow arrowhead) typically correspond to drusen seen on clinical examination in non-neovascular ARMD (C). When subretinal fluid accumulates beneath the neurosensory retina (white arrowhead), this is indicative of conversion to neovascular ARMD (D). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2762568_F0003_48148.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) radiograph of right thigh including hip depicting a gap non-union of femur with infection treated with antibiotic impregnated intramedullary nail. Anteroposterior (c) and lateral (d) radiograph of the same patient showing exchange interlock nailing performed after control of infection |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3917258_marinedrugs-12-00017-f003_265254.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | HT29 cells at 400× magnification under the Olympus inverted microscope. One percent dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) control (a); cells treated with 0.025 mg/mL synthetic 6-bromoisatin (b); cells treated with 0.05 mg/mL synthetic 6-bromoisatin (c) and cells treated with 0.1 mg/mL synthetic 6-bromoisatin (d) for 12 h (final concentration of 1% DMSO). Examples of apoptotic cells with chromatin condensation and surrounded by a halo are indicated by the arrows. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4516021_f1_409651.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Echocardiographic assessment of an athlete with left ventricular hypertrophic adaptation (Figure 1: A, B, C) and a patient with a mild form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Figure 1: D, E, F).Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy present smaller LV end-diastolic diameters, reduced radial strain values and reduced velocities of the mitral annulus as compared to athletes. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4301517_f2-ol-09-02-0774_351731.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Immunohistochemical and histological staining of the extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. The tumor was positive for (A) chromogranin A (magnification, ×200), (B) hematoxylin-eosin (magnification, ×200), (C) neuron-specific enolase (magnification, ×200) and (D) synaptophysin (magnification, ×200). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4377465_fig1_372660.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Presentation 2. (a) MRI showing mass in the left side of the heart pressing on the mitral valve (arrow head) and two other masses in the left atrium indicated (asterisks). (b) TEE showing a mobile, echogenic mass (asterisk) in the left heart prolapsing through the mitral valve (arrow) into the ventricle. (c) Nongated CT-scan captured the mass (arrow) in motion in the left side of the heart. LA: left atrium. LV: left ventricle. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2685.jpg | Is cardiovascular present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4045221_fig1_294343.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Images of visceral fat cells and liver cells. (A) Images of visceral fat cells after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The body weights of all rats were monitored every week and visceral fat weight was measured when the mice were anesthetized with Nembutal (100 mg/kg). The images are shown at 400× magnification. (B) Histological images of the livers of rats fed chow and HFD, as visualized by HE staining. All the images are shown at 400× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3825576_Fig2_242510.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Second pseudoaneurysm at the bottom of the apex. A CT after 1 week demonstrates exclusion of the first pseudoaneurysm and the second aneurysm (arrow). B Angiography catheter tip positioned in the second pseudoaneurysm. C The second pseudoaneurysm excluded with the amplatzer |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3448331_F2_156671.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Scanning electron microscopic image of sandblasted amalgam surface (magnification, ×500); scratch-like irregularities and a surface topography similar to the one produced in the electrolytic etching of amalgam surface is visible. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4673219_F1_451619.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Representative H&E and immunohistochemical staining of 7 candidate biomarkers in primary melanomas and metastatic melanomasCytoplasmic staining was investigated for BRAF, MMP2, Dicer, KAI1, and Tip60, and nuclear staining was observed for Fbw7 and p27. Metastatic melanomas had overexpression of BRAF and MMP2, but did not express/had low levels of Dicer, Fbw7, KAI1, p27 and Tip60 compared with primary melanomas. Magnification used × 400 for H & E and immunohistochemical staining. H & E, hematoxylin and eosin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PM, primary melanoma; MM, metastatic melanoma. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2698.jpg | Does this image show coronary artery atherosclerosis? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4292024_F1_350112.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | 67 years old patient with lung cancer. MR images acquired before and after MR guided ultrasound treatment shows increase ADC value at 3 months follow-up (1878.33 mm2/s) compared to baseline (991.87 mm2/s). Also at the end of follow-up we observed absence of pain (VAS baseline: 7; VAS 3 months: 0). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_47209.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Transesophageal echocardiographic image showing a defect between the left atrium and right ventricle. LA, Left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RV, right ventricle; RA, right atrium; C, communication; Tr.Ann, Tricuspid valve annulus. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3782696_F5_233534.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Functional connectivity analyses, seeded in the anterior insula in participants with the lowest scores on the PCL-R and participants with the highest scores on the PCL-R (>30) during imagine-other perspective. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4655406_f8_446489.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Analysis of stacked images.(a) A stack of two-photon laser scanning microscopic images (60 images) shows GFP expressing axons from the mouse neocortical layer 122. Stacked images are shown in 3D projection and rotated with (b) 0 and (c) 45 degrees. (d) Neurite tracing of (a) using NIA. Analyzed images are shown in 3D projection and rotated with (e) 0 and (f) 45 degrees. For better visualization of traced neurites, we have thickened the detected neurite structures. Further comparison of 3D projections is shown in Videos 1 and 2 (Supporting information). All processes are fully automated. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05569.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The corresponding coronal T2-weighted fat-suppressed image clearly depicts a fracture line (arrows) through the ischial tuberosity apophysis. An adjacent fluid collection most likely represents a distended bursa (arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4602947_F3_432553.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (A) Computed tomography (CT) of abdomen revealed wall thickening of the transverse colon around the hepatic flexure (white arrowhead) at the initial evaluation. (B) and (C) At 20 mo after the initial evaluation, abdominal CT revealed exacerbation of the intestinal stricture in the transverse colon around the hepatic flexure (B, white arrow), dilatation of the ascending colon (C, black arrowhead), and extraintestinal fluid accumulation, which indicated abscess formation (C, black arrow). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1410.jpg | Is larynx present? | yes |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv8909c074y0i1x320e.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04030.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Fluoroscopic view of the quadratus lumborum block. Fluoroscopy may be helpful to identify the quadratus lumborum muscle. Contrast medium spreads from the iliac crest to the inferior costal margin. This triangular image suggests that the quadratus lumborum block was performed by sub-fascial injection of the local anesthetic agent. This technique was reported by Murouchi et al.[5] |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3558958_f2C_182101.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Micrograph of Paenibacillus strain Y412MC10 cells showing individual cells and clumps of cells. Cells were grown in YTP-2 media for 18 hours at 37°C and 200 rpm. An aliquot was removed and stained using a 5 μM solution of SYTO® 9 fluorescent stain in sterile water (Molecular Probes). Dark field fluorescence microscopy was performed using a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-S epifluorescence microscope at 200× magnification using a high-pressure Hg light source and 500 nm emission filter. |
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