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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16860.jpg
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Angiogram of the right lower extremity with run off.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuu8zqw074y6owx4apm.jpg
Is this finding easy to detect?
No
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4692452_f0020_456787.jpg
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Reduced fiber integrity based on fractional anisotropy estimated by diffusion-weighted imaging. Statistical parameter map of regions in which fractional anisotropy (and radial diffusivity) significantly decreased with BMI adjusted for gender, age and intracranial volume (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). This figure is thresholded at p < 0.001 uncorrected level for display purposes only and superimposed on a T1-weighted image. The color bar indicates the t-score. Abbreviations: CST, corticospinal tract; MCP, middle cerebellar peduncle.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4163491_fig1_320120.jpg
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Surgical procedure. Full-thickness flap elevation and corticotomy were performed on the buccal side (a). Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles (b), irradiated cortical bone (ICB) particles (c), and micromacroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (SB: MBCP+) particles (d) were grafted. Primary closure was obtained, and activation of P2 and P3 for buccal tipping was started with a closed coil spring (200 g) ((e) and (f)).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3828147_pcbi-1003283-g002_243199.jpg
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Example of photograph of a cyst from our experiment.Most of the cysts observed took on similar nearly circular cross section projections.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1438.jpg
Is malignant adenoma present?
yes
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2845803_fig3_60589.jpg
Write a terse but informative summary of the picture.
Association between greater absolute grey matter volume in the right temporal gyrus (the two other clusters seen were not significantly associated) and the Symptom Re-labelling insight factor.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3932721_fig1_269003.jpg
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Chest ((a), (b), (d), and (e)) and abdominal ((c), (f)) CT scans showing resolution after treatment ((d), (e), and (f)) of diffuse lesions ((a), (b), and (c)).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2925369_fig2_71934.jpg
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MRI diffusion-weighted images showing left superficial MCA infarct. (a) 24 hours after stroke onset, (b) 5 days after stroke onset.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2876.jpg
What is present?
hepatobiliary
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic18635.jpg
what is the organ principally shown in this ct scan?
gastrointestinal
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2993987_F0002_79912.jpg
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(A) Coronal non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan showing the foreign body piercing the floor of the orbit into the maxillary sinus. (B) Axial non-contrast CT scan showing the entire extent of the foreign body
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2987861_F1_78859.jpg
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Scheme of RNA interference (RNAi)-induced gene silencing by local electroporation in targeting in specific neuron.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3849604_F3_248159.jpg
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Expression of CD20 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Representative photomicrographs of CD20 expression. a: moderate number of B lymphocytes in the stroma (red arrow head) in pancreatic carcinoma. b: Lymphoid follicle (red arrow head) rich in CD20 lymphocytes from patient with pancreatic carcinoma. c: absence of CD20 in both epithelial component (red arrow head) and stroma (green arrow head) in poorly differentiated pancreatic adenocarcinoma (G3). Photomicrographs are at 5× magnification.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4143075_F7_315394.jpg
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HAADF-STEM image of a line scan of a length of 200 nm . The red artificial marking line indicates the scan direction from left to lower right. The original line scan of the e-beam was in the middle of the Stoeber spheres (note the brighter contrast line running along the surface of the first three Stoeber spheres).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_71404.jpg
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High-resolution (3T) coronal MRI T2 weighted sequence showing signal hyperintensity and volume atrophy in the left hippocampus (arrow) compared to the right, suggesting left hippocampal sclerosis.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3822591_fig01_241961.jpg
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DU145 underwent migration test in basal conditions (control medium) or under chemotactic stimulus represented by medium conditioned by 3 days culture of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells. Complete and detailed transwell view: control medium (A and B) and MSC conditioned media (C and D). (A and C, stereoscopic microscope at 40× magnification; B and D, light microscope at 100× magnification).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2944157_F2_74322.jpg
Summarize the visual content of the image.
A) H&E staining and B) CK-19 immunohistochemistry of lymph node metastases from colon carcinoma.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2766900_F0022_48870.jpg
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PET studies of a 58-year-old lady with left lung cancer. MIP images (A) and axial fused PET/CT images (B) of the left upper lobe mass of six consecutive PET scans are shown. The initial study (I) shows intense FDG uptake in the left upper lung neoplasm without loco-regional nodal or distant metastatic disease. A repeat study (II) 5 months after completing radiation therapy shows interval improvement with significant residual uptake. Subsequent studies (III-VI) 7 months, 11 months, 15 months and 22 months after completing therapy reveal gradual improvement in the intensity of uptake without evidence of residual/ recurrent disease
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_05713.jpg
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Left ventriculogram showing apical and basal hyperkinesis and mid cavitary akinesis.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3880734_fig2_256458.jpg
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Histopathology of fat pad biopsy showing intravascular large B cell lymphoma cells mainly located in lumina of small vessels (arrows).
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3434178_pone-0042661-g005_153314.jpg
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Hypoxia induces HIF-1α expression along with EZH2 and Whsc2 in hypoxic U251 cells as detected by confocal microscopy.U251 cells were grown on a coverslips for 7 days either under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, the cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with the primary antibodies (HIF-1α, EZH and Whsc2). The cells were then visualized at 40× magnification. The Top Panels compare the normoxic and hypoxic pairings of HIF-1α and EZH2, while the Bottom Panels compare the HIF-1α and Whsc2 pairings.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3364202_pone-0037985-g002_139989.jpg
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The FOX-2 splice variants FOX-2V1 and FOX-2cyt co-localize with nuclear ATXN1 inclusions.Confocal microscopy of HeLa cells transfected with (A) pCMV-HA-FOX-2V1 and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, or (B) pCMV-MYC-FOX-2cyt and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, and (C) pCMV-MYC-TIAR and pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q30 or pcDNA1-FLAG-SCA1-Q82, respectively. Forty-eight hours post transfection cells were fixed and prepared for microscopic analyses. Proteins were visualized using the respective antibodies against the tag as described in Material and Methods. Nuclei were stained using Hoechst. Bars represent 20 µm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/outside_arm/train_1948.jpg
Are extremities present?
yes
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_intestine/train_1553.jpg
Is abdomen present?
yes
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26737.jpg
what is abnormal in the ct scan?
cavernous hemangioma
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4678062_fig2_453345.jpg
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Second computed tomography of the head (02:30 am) shows an aneurysm at the right carotid T cross, pan-cerebral diminished perfusion, and developing tonsillar herniation.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3508933_F5_169052.jpg
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Representative transaxial slices of [11C]-MET PET images. Images were taken at days 0, 7, and 14 after the start of a treatment regimen (control, 0.5 mg fulvestrant, 5 mg/kg/day letrozole, and 8 mg/kg/day tamoxifen). Black arrows indicate ER+ tumors; gray arrows, ERαKD tumors.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3703529_F10_216301.jpg
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GFP fluorescence in Arabidopsis plants expressing ER-GFP under the control of the TCS-promoter. Fluorescence is observed in cytokinin responsive tissues. (A,B) GFP fluorescence in the root tip of a 2 week old PTCS:ER-GFP plant. (A) GFP fluorescence. (B) Overlay of GFP fluorescence and bright field image. (C,D,E,F) GFP fluorescence in M. incognita–induced root-knots in PTCS:ER-GFP plants at 7 dai (C,D) and 14 dai (E,F). Throughout development staining was diffuse and virtually absent from root knots. (C,E) GFP fluorescence. (D,F) Overlay of GFP fluorescence and bright field image. Scale bars represent 50 μm in (A,B) and 100 μm in (C–F).
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3609774_pone-0059755-g006_195139.jpg
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The developmentally regulated re-localization of PbMAPK1 from the nucleus to extra-nuclear comma/ring-shaped structures is dependent on both the catalytic and the C-terminal domain.HepG2 cells were infected with either Pb conPbMAPK1-catD(D178A)-GFP or Pb conGFP-PbMAPK1-CTD parasites. 54 hpi host cell and parasite nuclei were stained using Hoechst 33342 and live cell imaging was performed. Scale bar: 10 µm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4498759_pone.0132331.g005_405105.jpg
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Map of mean volume changes in Batten disease affected sheep.Volume changes are shown for control sheep (A, C, E, G) and Batten disease affected sheep (B, D, F, H) in sagittal (A, B)), horizontal (C, D) and two coronal planes (E-H), one at the level of the striatum (E, F), the other at the level of the thalamus (G,H). Scale bar in G is 1cm and the colour scale indicates volume change as ml/year.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54450.jpg
what organ system is primarily present in this image?
skull and contents
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3447795_pone-0045621-g005_156486.jpg
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Transplanted mADSCs promoted collaterals formation and angiogenesis in vivo.Micro-CT angiography showed that mADSCs significantly increased collateral vessels formation (red arrows) on day 21 (a). Vascular cast (upper panels) and scanning electron microscopy (lower panels) visualized 3D architecture of microvasculature and demonstrated the enhanced angiogenesis (yellow squares and arrows) in ADSC-treated animals compared to control group animals on day 21 (b). Immunohistochemical staining (c) and quantitative analysis (d) displayed higher CD31-positive capillary (red arrows) to muscle fiber ratio in the ADSC group compared to the control group on day 21. n = 20 random fields. Scale bar represents 10 µm (b), 100 µm (c). Error bars: mean±SD. *P<0.01 vs. Control.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20738.jpg
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Computed tomography image of infected walled off pancreatic necrosis
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4169590_pone-0107913-g005_321527.jpg
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Immunohistochemical staining of HNF4α, CYP2E1 and HBx in human liver tissues.Row 1, morphology observation with HE staining. Row 2, HBx immunochemical staining. Row 3, HNF4α immunochemical staining. Row 4, CYP2E1 immunochemical staining. All HE staining or immunochemical staining were shown as typical fields from five cases of human normal, and five cases of paracarcinoma or HCC liver tissues.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pw1e5v083266q9ffow.jpg
Where in the image is the abnormality?
Center, Upper-right, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4141339_Fig10_314884.jpg
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A 34-year-old male patient with intraventicular arachnoid cyst (AC) and hydrocephalus. Sagittal 3D-MPRAGE (A) and axial FLAIR (B) images show AC extending from the right lateral ventricle into the third ventricle (arrows). Sagittal heavily T2W 3D-SPACE image clearly shows the morphology of the AC and third ventricle (C). Sagittal 3D-SPACE with variant FA mode (D) and PC-MRI (E, F) images demonstrate the narrowed aqueduct and decreased aqueductal CSF flow (arrows)
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2315.jpg
What is present ?
hematologic
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2925369_fig2_71927.jpg
Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented.
MRI diffusion-weighted images showing left superficial MCA infarct. (a) 24 hours after stroke onset, (b) 5 days after stroke onset.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3458059_pone-0045812-g007_157279.jpg
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Transmission electron microscopic analysis of MEFs, CombiMag-DNA lipoplexes, LMF-treated MEF cells at 12 hr intervals until 48 hrs, and two LMF-iPS cell lines.The lower photos represent magnifications of the white-dotted square in each upper photo, and the white arrowheads indicate the presence of liposomal magnetofection particles in LMF-MEF cells. Upper: low magnification, x6,000–8,000; lower: high magnification, x50,000.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2409183_fig3_23619.jpg
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The E218Q mutant of basigin, but not the E218R mutant, is correctly targeted to the plasma membrane of COS cells. COS cells were co-transfected with MCT1-c-CFP and basigin-c-YFP constructs containing the mutations indicated and live cell imaging performed as described under ‘Methods’. This Figure is reproduced in colour in Molecular Membrane Biology online.
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3733909_f1_222543.jpg
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Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) showing grades of external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment-outer segment (IS-OS) junction disruption. Spectral domain OCT in A, B, and C showing no disruption of ELM (arrowhead) and IS-OS (arrow) , only ELM disruption with intact IS-OS and both ELM and IS-OS disruption respectively. A: grade 0—no disruption of ELM (arrowhead) and IS-OS junction (arrow); B: grade 1—ELM disrupted, IS-OS junction intact; C: grade 2—both ELM and IS-OS junction disrupted.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16765.jpg
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Case 3. Antero-posterior radiograph from a 54-year-old lady who attended a research clinic. She had a good hip function score and very high blood metal ion concentrations
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz8dovg086u8osr53d5.jpg
What type of polyp is present?
Paris ip
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3763398_f4-cancers-03-03824_229223.jpg
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Immunolocalization of ATIP staining in well-differentiated (A and B), moderately-differentiated (D and E) and poorly-differentiated (G and H) prostate cancer in paraffin embedded tissue sections. Serial sections (C, F and I) showing little or no staining when the ATIP antibody was pre-absorbed with ATIP antigen. Images were taken at (A, C, D, F, G and I) 200× and (B, E and H) 400× magnification.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4259004_F4_342603.jpg
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Time-lapse of type IV development (embryogenic pollen) shown by synchronously acquired DIC and fluorescence images. (A) Uni-nucleate pollen with large vacuole and thin layer of peripheral cytoplasm. (B) Uni-nucleate pollen increases in size. (C) Cytoplasmic strands appear prior to pollen mitosis I. (D–F) Large spherical vegetative-like nucleus and smaller ellipsoid generative-like nucleus after asymmetric division. (G–L) Synchronized mitotic events originate from the vegetative-like cell; note that the generative-like cell does not show any mitotic activity. CS, cytoplasmic strand; Gn, generative-like nucleus; PA, pollen aperture; V, vacuole; Vn, vegetative-like nucleus. Bar = 20 μm.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3143091_F4_103378.jpg
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Representatives of the distal tibiae macroscopic and histological appearances of different groups at 24 weeks post-OVX. Top panel represents digital photographs of 200-μm thick sections (bar = 1 mm); bottom panel are representatives H&E histological sections from the boxed metaphyseal regions of the top panel (bar = 100 μm). The trabecular bone volume at the metaphyseal region of the tibiae in the OVX group had reduced markedly; both OPG-Fc and ALN-treated groups had greater bone volumes than that in the OVX group; and the OPG-Fc+ALN-treated group had the greatest bone volumes, which appeared to be even greater than that in the sham group.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3576283_f6-ol-05-03-1017_186480.jpg
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Microscopic findings. (A) The esophageal tumor consists of numerous spindle cells that are observed to be polymorphic, mixed with a number of squamous cells (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×200). (B) The gastric biopsies reveal carcinomatous cells with evidently abnormal karyokinesis and polymorphic spindle cells (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×200).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3311142_F1_131333.jpg
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A single short axis slice of the 3D cine DENSE data at mid systole. (a) DENSE magnitude image illustrating the myocardial mid-line for the RV (green dotted line). (b, c, d) DENSE unwrapped phase images encoded for motion in the x, y and z directions, respectively. (e) Corresponding 3D DENSE displacement field. Red lines correspond to epicardial surfaces and blue lines correspond to endocardial surfaces.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3975995_F1_278828.jpg
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Preoperative imaging. (A) and (B) Axial and coronal computed tomographic scans, respectively, with oral and intravenous contrast showing a large, heterogeneously enhancing retroperitoneal mass deforming the inferior vena cava at the level of the right renal vein (arrow).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3324466_pone-0035299-g001_133650.jpg
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Optimization of the micro-CT imaging technique.Longitudinal micro-CT images (A-D), through 4 rat hearts stained with 15, 7.5, 3.75 and 1.87% concentrations of I2KI respectively. Corresponding high power images focussing on the atrioventricular conduction axis (E-H). Inset 3D renderings of each heart show the associated planes of interest. AO- aorta, IVS- inter-ventricular septum, HB- His bundle, LV- left ventricle, RV- right ventricle. (scale bar represents 1 mm).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4344742_Fig3_363151.jpg
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Radiographic zones for the evaluation of the radiolucent lines.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1553475_F1_6764.jpg
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Patient information included dorsal and forward bending photographs, as well as AP and latero-lateral radiographs.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic47995.jpg
in what plane is this image taken?
frontal
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic31628.jpg
what is abnormal in the ultrasound?
adenomyomatosis
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3984874_fig2_280753.jpg
What is shown in this image?
K562 cells were stained with Liu's dye for morphological examinations. Cells were treated with medium only (upper panels), 10 mM AuNPs (middle panels), after 24–72 h of treatment. The arrow indicates an apoptotic cell (lower panels). Original magnification is 1,000x for all panels.
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4011930_pone-0096877-g002_286325.jpg
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Subcellular localization of TaRZ proteins.TaRZ-GFP fusion proteins were transiently expressed in tobacco plant, and GFP signals in tobacco leaves were detected using a confocal microscope. DAPI was used to stain the nuclei, and Brassica rapa microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase (BrFAD2) was used as a marker for ER localization. Bar  = 30 mm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3561148_F7_182981.jpg
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Expression of smooth muscle markers, fibroblast markers and contractile proteins in upper and lower segment myometrial cells Immunocytochemistry of (a) α smooth muscle actin, (b) caldesmon, (c) calponin, (d) tropomyosin, (f) Vimentin, (g) IB10, and the (h) oxytocin receptor in; (A) upper segment myometrial cells at p2, (B) lower segment myometrial cells at p2, (C) upper segment myometrial cells at p10 and (D) lower segment myometrial cells at p10. Negative controls were incubated without primary antibody (e).
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4639807_f2_442708.jpg
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TEM characterization of the electrode.(a) HAADF–STEM image of the SG–Si electrode, (b) Higher magnification HAADF–STEM image of SG–Si and (c) EELS mapping of the elements Si (yellow) and S (red), with each pixel representing 3.4 × 3.4 nm, (d) HAADF–STEM images zooming in on interconnected SiNPs in the SG–Si electrode, (e) Regular TEM image of the image in (d,f) HRTEM image of a SiNP with carbon shell and graphene. Scale bars, 100 nm in a,b,d, and e, 20 nm in c, and 5 nm in f.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2733.jpg
Does this image show coronary artery with atherosclerosis and thrombotic occlusion?
yes
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2375337_fig1_22311.jpg
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Immunohistochemical detection of MCT1 in healthy human colon. Immunohistochemistry for MCT1 and villin was carried out on healthy human colon biopsy sections using a peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody as described in the Materials and Methods section. MCT1 staining is seen as a brown colouring contrasting with the blue/purple counterstained nuclei. (A) MCT1, ×200 magnification; (B) MCT1, ×400 magnification; (C) MCT1 antibody pre-incubated with immunising peptide, ×100 magnification; (D) immunodetection of villin, ×200 magnification. Bars represent 50 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3246465_pone-0029166-g003_120149.jpg
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Altered islet morphology in RIP-Cre Dicer1Δ/Δ mice.H-E stainings of 5, 8, 11 and 25 weeks old littermate controls (left) or RIP-Cre Dicer1Δ/Δ (right) mice. Representative islets of more than 5 mice per group and age are shown. All images are 20× magnification.
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4700629_Fig5_459156.jpg
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Histopathology. Histopathological examination identified several cystic structures lined with either squamous or columnar epithelium, gastric type, surrounded by fibroconnective and muscular stroma (a, b). In addition foci of lymphatic tissue (c) and small mucinous glands admixed with hyaline cartilage (d) were seen. Findings were consistent with a mature teratoma. Signs of malignancy were absent
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3786893_pone-0076009-g005_234530.jpg
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Immunohistochemical analysis.Representative immunohistochemical stainings for microvascular density (CD-31, A and B), apoptosis (TUNEL, C and D), and proliferation (Ki-67, E and F) in the therapy (right) and control group (left). Note the lower number of CD-31 and Ki-67 positive cells (stained in brown, B and F) and the higher number of cells positive for TUNEL (stained in fluorescent green, D) in the therapy group.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3363142_fig3_139865.jpg
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A colloid nodule in a patient with nodular goiter and papillary carcinoma. (a) on supersonic shear wave elastography (upper image) the colloid nodule (full circle) is very soft with punctuate increased stiffness (arrow head) representing microcalcifications (some not visible on B-mode lower image), in contrast to bigger high echogenicity foci (arrow), which are soft and represent inspissated colloid as evident on subsequent images. (b) presents comet tail artifacts (arrow heads) that change the direction with steering of ultrasound beam (c) indicating the nature of this artifact that is attributable to inspissated colloid in thyroid nodule.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4044068_F1_294096.jpg
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Rest and stress perfusion images showing inferior wall defect with corresponding coronary x-ray angiography. a. Rest perfusion image demonstrating mid inferior wall defect (white arrow). b. Stress perfusion image demonstrating mid inferior wall defect with septal wall extension (green arrow). c. Coronary X-ray angiography demonstrating chronic total occlusion of the mid right coronary artery (red arrow). d. Coronary X-ray angiography demonstrating distal right coronary artery filling via collaterals (blue arrow).
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_59250.jpg
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CT neck showing prevertebral collection
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4282204_pone-0116416-g012_348038.jpg
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MicroCT transverse sections of embryos showing lung lumina.Sections are of Causus rhombeatus (A – C) and Calloselasma rhodostoma (D, E). The embryo's dorsal sides are up. Astral blue arrows denote right lung, dark yellow left lung; V  =  ventricle. Annotation done in Amira 5.4.5. Scale bar represents 1 mm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2808.jpg
What does this image show?
excellent close-up of two vertebral bodies with obvious tumor teratocarcinoma primary in mediastinum
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3576206_f2-ol-05-03-0787_186438.jpg
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Formation process of prostate cancer stem-like spheres (PCSLSs) in serum-free medium (SFM). Three-day (A) and seven-day (B) phases of spheres in SFM (×400). Four-day phase of spheres (C), and one-day (D), two-day (E) and four-day (F) phases of TGF-β-induced spheres (×100). A comparison of sphere-forming cell immunofluorescence staining between CD133 (G), CD44 (H) and the nuclei phase (I) (×200). The merge phase of CD133 and CD44 is demonstrated in (J) and (K), respectively.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3766641_F7_230362.jpg
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Conditional Dicer inactivation does not alter the ultrastructure of adrenal chromaffin cells. Electron micrographs show P0 adrenal chromaffin cells from (A) control and (B) mutant (DicercKO) mice. Quantitative analysis fails to reveal significant differences in (C) chromaffin granule size and (D) number of chromaffin granules per unit cytoplasmic area between control and mutant animals. Scale bar: 1,000 nm.
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3019107_pbio-1000574-g001_83904.jpg
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MSL3-GFP targets to the periphery of chromosomes in live embryonic cultured cells expressing MSL3-GFP and His2AvDmRFP1 at different stages of the cell cycle.For all pseudo-colored images: RFP1, cyan; GFP, magenta. (A–F) Rows from top to bottom: interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase (side view), and anaphase (cross-section view). Columns from left to right: His2AvDmRFP1-labeled chromatin, MSL3-GFP, superimposed mRFP1 (cyan) and GFP (magenta) signals, 3-fold higher magnification of the labeled X chromosome arm. All images were deconvolved. Bars: 1 µm – (F, third column), G, H, I; 0.5 µm – (F, last column).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2764571_F3_48272.jpg
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Retinoic acid (RA) cannot override the inhibition of skeletal myogenesis by β-Cat/EnR. P19[control] (A, B, E, F) and P19[β-Cat/EnR] (C, D, G, H) cells were aggregated in the presence of 0.8% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with (E-H) and without (A-D) 10 nM RA. Cells were fixed on day 9 of differentiation for immunofluorescence with MF20 antibody (B, D, F, H) and counter stained with Hoechst dye (A, C, E, G). Magnification is 160×.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3591260_f1-mjhid-5-1-e2013013_190396.jpg
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Chest CT scan at onset. A. Parenchymal lung involvement by pathologic tissue (Hodgkin’s lymphoma). The pulmonary origin is demonstrated by the irregular margins of the lesion, especially evident in correspondence with the posterolateral portion (arrow). B. Intralesional bronchial structures (arrow). C. Window to the mediastinum. It is evident the "angiogram sign" (arrowhead) in the context of the parenchymal mass. Also here is evident an intralesional bronchial branch (arrow).
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4561349_F3_421463.jpg
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The OpsDHN1 histidine-rich motif is required for its nuclear subcellular localization. (A) Schematic representation of the pMDC43-OpsDHN1-ΔHis construct. (B) Schematic representation of BiFC pYFN43- and pYFC43- OpsDHN1-ΔHis vectors. (C) Cytoplasm localization of GFP::OpsDHN1-ΔHis translational fusion in N. benthamiana leaves. White arrowheads indicate cytosolic and nuclear compartments. (D) BiFC assay of OpsDHN1-ΔHis version. Transient fluorescent expression was analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. From left to right: the GFP and DAPI fluorescence spectrum, bright field, chlorophyll fluorescence and overlay signals. The S-segment and K-segments are depicted as dark-gray box and black boxes, respectively. The deleted histidine-rich motif is represented by an open triangle. The scale bar corresponds to 10 μm.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2349.jpg
What is present ?
immunoblastic reaction characteristic of viral infection
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4048690_F0001_295555.jpg
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Ultrasound images A) apical four cavity 2d echocardiography image showing dilatation of right ventricular with rv / lv higher than 0.6 in diameter and surface, atrial septal defect with 3 cm type ostium secundum; B) apical four cavity with color doppler showing a left - right shunt; C) the subcostal window with color doppler showing the atrial septal defect with shunt; D) apical four cavity centred on the right ventricle showing the expansion of the ring tricuspid to 5 cm. (LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, RV: right ventricle, RA: right atrium, Red arrow: atrial septal defect)
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3462789_pone-0046625-g002_158399.jpg
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Corticosterone destabilizes newly formed endothelial cell sprouts.Skeletal muscle endothelial cell spheroids were suspended in a 3-dimensional type I collagen culture. Spheroids were treated for 24 and 48 hours with 600 nM corticosterone. Spheroids are indicated by an asterisk (*), sprouting cells are indicated by black arrows, and rounded cells are indicated by white arrows (51× magnification) (A). 48 hours of corticosterone treatment significantly decreased sprout length compared to control spheroid sprout lengths (*p<0.05 vs 48 hr control, n = 28–35 sprout lengths from 5 independent experiments) (B). C – Control, CORT – Corticosterone.
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14348.jpg
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Pre-treatment neck MRI showing splaying of ICA, ECA on the right side by CBP where as the vessels are pushed anteriorly on the left side by vagal paraganglioma.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3907849_f4-ijms-15-00958_262934.jpg
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The distribution of SLC26A6 in the uterus of rats receiving various genistein doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day with and without the presence of ICI 182780, an estrogen receptor antagonist). An increase in SLC26A6 immunostaining intensity was seen at the apical membrane of the luminal and glandular epithelia with increasing doses of genistein. The intensity was reduced following concomitant administration of ICI 182780. High apical intensity was observed in the estrogen treated group (positive control). C: control; ICI: ICI 182780; 25G: 25 mg/kg/day genistein; 50G: 50 mg/kg/day genistein; 100G: 100 mg/kg/day genistein; E2: estrogen. n = 4 rats per group. The images were taken at 20× magnification. L: lumen.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2993049_fig1_79830.jpg
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(a) Preoperative imaging workup of the patient consisted of MRI and CT of the pelvis. A CT of the allograft (iliac bone) was also obtained. (b) The tumor is segmented on the MRI slices. (c) The MRI and CT are coregistered. The CT of the patient and of the allograft are registered. (d) The target planes (red lines) are preoperatively defined by locating the planes with respect of a safe margin from the tumor. The planes coordinates are transferred to the allograft.
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pt1e1j08323lfq47ic.jpg
What color is the abnormality?
Pink
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_17991.jpg
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72-year-old man with breast carcinoma. Focused ultrasound of the right breast confirms an ill-defined and isoechoic nodule deep to the right nipple, correlating with the lesion seen on previous imaging (arrow).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4585109_F2_427444.jpg
What is shown in this image?
SEM micrographs of cells cultured on GEL/HA (A,B) and GEL (C,D) displaying a good colonization of the 3D scaffolds. At 21 days (insets), spherical structures (arrows) were present in PDPCs cultured on both tested scaffolds. Similar features were evidenced also in PDL-SCs seeded on GEL/HA (inset Figure 1C).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4407940_F0001_380420.jpg
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(A) axial Transthoracic echocardiography, Multiples cysts of pericardium, associated with signs of adiastole; (B) Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan of cheest. Abundant septated pericardial effusion, mullticystic extending into the mediastinum; (C) Heart MRI, T2-weighted black blood spin-echo images Pericardial constriction with numerous pericardial cysts, with intermediate signal intensity; (D) Heart MRI. T2-weighted STIR sequences Pericardial cysts, with high signal intensity
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3627620_F11_198813.jpg
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T2-mapping in acute apical infarction. The diastolic cine frame (A) reveals apical septal wall thickening in the area of edema. Late gadolinium enhancement shows apical infarction scar with microvascular obstruction (B). While conventional T2-weighted STIR image depicts both, edema and bright slow flowing blood within the lumen (C), T2 map correctly indicates edema color-coded in orange with an apical T2 of 91 ms (D). The microvascular obstruction corresponds to a T2 of 60 ms, color-coded in pink. Basal T2 was 54 ms.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2764.jpg
What does this image show?
thermal burned skin
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4542522_f4_415879.jpg
Present a compact description of the photo’s key features.
MRI findings after cell transplantation into the rabbit nucleus pulposus.T2 signal intensity in the nucleus pulposus of the BMSCs-injected discs was stronger than the discs of other two control groups.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4326495_Fig5_357879.jpg
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Histopathologic findings of the skin in Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients. Extravasation of RBCs in the dermis is shown in (A). (B) illustrates perivascular oedema, and (C) shows leukocytic infiltration around blood vessels. Haematoxylin and eosin stain, 400× magnification, Bar = 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3956922_pone-0092347-g002_274634.jpg
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The distribution in the representative organs after infusion of 1×106 MSCs through different administration routes.(A–B) Renal retention of grafted MSCs. Under fluorescence microscopic observation, both the gross specimen and frozen sections showed that there were significantly more CM-Dil labeled MSCs (red) engrafted to the kidney in RA group compared with TV and CA group. (C) The distribution of MSCs in the other representative organs, including lung, spleen, liver and heart. In TV group, the majority of implanted cells accumulated in the lung. In CA group, the transplanted cells widely distributed to these representative organs. In RA group, few cells were detected in other organs.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3358313_pone-0037146-g005_139049.jpg
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Subcellular localization of TaRab7 protein.Onion epidermal cells were transformed with plasmids expressing the fusion protein and green fluorescent protein (GFP) by bombardment. All images were observed with a confocal microscope. (A). Onion epidermal cells expressing the GFP alone driven by the 35 S promoter. (B). Onion epidermal cells expression the TaRab7-GFP fusion protein.
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1515.jpg
Is yo present?
no
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4127224_fig3_312561.jpg
Describe the image concisely.
Whole body CT scan revealed free gas in the mediastinum and subcutaneous tissue, dissecting soft tissues and muscles from the maxillary to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the sternoclavicular joint bilaterally. Free gas was also evident in correspondence of the dorsal and pectoral soft tissues (black arrows).
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2746602_fig3_46316.jpg
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Influence of DR on microvessel density and apoptosis in the CT-2A brain tumour. DR was initiated 7 days before intracerebral tumour implantation and was continued for 11 days. H&E stained tumour sections in an AL mouse (A) and in a DR mouse (B) (100×). Factor VIII immunostaining from the tumour grown in an AL mouse (C) and in a DR mouse (D) (200×). TUNEL positive apoptotic cells (arrows) from the tumour grown in an AL mouse (E) and in a DR mouse (F) (400×). Each stained section was representative of the entire tumour. All images were produced from digital photography.
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2569931_F5_29056.jpg
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Dual-localization of co-expressed β2-adrenergic receptors by confocal microscopy. HEK293 cells stably expressing Flag-tagged β2AR-Gαs receptor were transiently transfected with a HA-tagged β2AR construct to obtain the co-expression of the two receptors in the same cell. Cells were treated (Agonist) or not (Control) with 1 μM isoproterenol for 5 hours, fixed and subjected to indirect immunofluorescence analysis as described in Methods, and then visualized by confocal microscopy. Co-localization of HA-β2AR (Alexa-Fluor 488 staining; green) with Flag-β2AR-Gαs (Alexa-Fluor 594 staining; red) is shown in the merged colour image by yellow staining. Photographs represent a typical situation observed in 4 independent experiments. Scale bars, 10 μm.
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4563085_fig7_421933.jpg
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Case  2. (a) Axial HRCT scan shows very discrete lineal opacities in both lung apices. (b) Axial HRCT scan at the same level compared to (a) two years and two months later shows a loss of volume and prominent parenchymal fibrotic infiltrates. (c) Axial HRCT image at the level of carina reveals lung architectural distortion, as well as the presence of pleural thickening and subpleural parenchymal opacities.
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35667.jpg
what plane is this mri in?
coronal
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic35679.jpg
what organ system is visualized?
breast
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic46629.jpg
what organ system is imaged?
heart and great vessels
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4480335_Fig9_399716.jpg
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18F-FDG PET/CT and 89Zr-rituximab immuno-PET/CT images in patient 2 obtained 6 days after injection with and without a preload of unlabelled rituximab show lower tracer uptake in involved lymph nodes with the preload (white arrows), but higher uptake in less accessible visceral lesions (oesophagus and stomach; blue arrows) resulting in better tumour targeting