image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC3364849_F2_140117.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Cone-beam computed-tomography (CBCT) matched with the planning CT using the clip-box involving skull, pneumatic sinusal structure and clivus. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwy8dnu0086u717nakwr.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3708745_F2_217339.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | 18F-FDG-PET, CT, and fused (PET-CT) images of a representative mouse. PET/CT (transaxial) sections of HER2-positive lung metastasis of a representative mouse, 1 h post-18F-FDG injection (collected 9 weeks after cell injection). First row: fused PET/CT, second row: PET, and third row: CT. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3469108_fig2_159809.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Representative three-dimensional illustration of the scaffold (right) and sham (left) sites with their corresponding mesial roots after six weeks of healing (reconstructed from micro-CT data using CTvox). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glas443071u6ga4fbrw.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_81436.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | 10/30/14 Presenting Head CT showing effaced suprasellar cistern and left temporal subdural hemorrhage. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2740173_fig-001_45460.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Brain CT. A solitary tumorous lesion (2 cm) is seen in the right temporal lobe. The tumor was solitary and well defined. No infiltrative growth was recognized. The density was that of blood. No edema was seen in the surrounding brain. The ridiologists’ diagnosis was cavernous hemanigioma. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3848892_F5_247825.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted with gadolinium) showing cystic changes (arrow) in the multifidus muscle at 4 weeks after the operation. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4276880_F4_346803.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Mutation of the ΔB residues confers retention in the Rab11 compartment. Cells expressing WT N-terminally FLAG-tagged FPR2, ΔA, or ΔB were co-expressed with EGFP Rab11 and fed with M1 antibody as in Figs. 1 and 2 and incubated for 30 min with W peptide. Cells were then fixed, permeabilized, and incubated with secondary antibody (anti-mouse IgG2b Alexa Fluor ® 594, 1:1000) and visualized using confocal microscopy. Representative images are shown with scale bars equal to 20 μm (green arrow indicates the Rab11 recycling compartment, and white arrows show co-localization). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1951.jpg | What is present? | band constriction in skin above ankle of infant |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11213.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Preoperative sagittal view of computed tomographic scans of the thoracic spine revealed the burst fractures of T7 vertebrae and complete dislocation of T6 vertebrae |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4546967_fig3_417056.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | X-ray arthrogram showing mild contrast tracking along the proximal lateral aspect of the femoral component. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qu1fab0832d4ht9yee.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4062640_f1_299431.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Images of Bradyrhizobium sp strain WSM1417 using scanning (Left) and transmission (Center) electron microscopy as well as light microscopy to visualize colony morphology on a solid medium (Right). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2190.jpg | Where is this? | oral |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4381505_F1_373872.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tissue expression pattern of CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORTER (CAT9). Histochemical glucuronidase (GUS) analysis from the shoots of a 25-days-old seedling expressing the pCAT9::GUS construct (A) and roots (B). Staining of flowers (C) and of a 4-days old seedling (D). (E) Fluorescence from 10-days old seedling roots expressing pCAT9::CAT9–GFP; inset: 40-stacks-sectioned fluorescence). (F,G) Bright field and fluorescence image of a pCAT9::CAT9–GFP expressing root tip. Scaling bars: (A,B,D): 0, 5 cm, (C,E): 250 μm, (F,G): 20 μm. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4589689_f6_428842.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | H&E staining of the articular knee joints of RA rats after intra-articular injection of Dex-M, Met-HA, or Met-HA/Dex-M at 1–6 weeks (200× magnification). Arrows show chondrocytes. *In accordance with one referee’s suggestion, the experiment for intra-articular injection of free Met was performed. The images of H&E staining showed almost no chondrocytes at 1, 3, 6 weeks (Supplementary information), indicating that intra-articular injection of free drug failed to produce significant effects owing to the rapid clearance of the drugs from the articular joint. Thus this result demonstrates that the injectable formulations in this work can improve the therapeutic effectiveness. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4506913_fig1_407399.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Clinical images. (a) Initial presentation; note Miller Class I recession defect on facial of the mandibular left canine; (b) pouch prepared; (c) SCTG surgery completed; (d) postoperative week 1 presentation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3775727_pone-0074871-g001_231993.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Urine protein, renal function, renal histopathology, and hyalinosis/sclerosis.(A) Urine protein time-course study. (B) Serum BUN levels on days 7, 14, and 28. (C) Serum creatinine levels on days 7, 14, and 28. (D) Kidney histopathological evaluation by H&E staining on days 7, 14, and 28. The arrows indicate hyalinosis/sclerosis, and the rectangles EPHLs. (E) Immunohistochemical staining for renal Col-IV. In D and E, the original magnification was 400× and the scoring is shown on the right. In the histograms, the data are the mean±SEM for seven mice per group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. #, not detectable. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4461246_pone.0128404.g003_394852.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Illustration of the pre- and post- registration of breast MRI with annotation to fuse on mammography in a selected patient for the CC view.(a) the annotation (red) in MIP of MRI (b) (e) the annotation in mammography (green) (c) the fused annotations from MRI to the mammography (d) the registered MRI with annotation (red) (f) the fusion of registered annotation from MRI to mammography. The yellow area is the overlapping part between the annotations of the fused MRI and mammography. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54134.jpg | the mri shows what organ system? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4241246_fig1_338595.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | (a) Enhanced computed tomography scan of the whole body shows a right mediastinal cystic mass with a right-sided aortic arch and liver, consistent with situs inversus totalis. (b) T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the chest shows a homogenous, high-intensity area adjacent to the right side of the mediastinum. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3898992_pone-0085178-g003_260603.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Microvasculatures observed at different levels of collagen density.Increasing the density of the ECM reduced neovascularization in both the experiments and computational simulations. Top Row: Z-projection mosaic of 3D confocal image data showing vascularized collagen gels taken at Day 6 of growth. Bottom Row: Results of the comparable computational simulations, presented as 3D volume-renderings of the line segment data. The three levels of collagen density assessed in this study were: 2.0 mg/ml (A, D), 3.0 mg/ml (B, E), and 4.0 mg/ml (C, F). (Scale bar = 350 µm). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2822774_F7_56906.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Interaction with TACC1 changes TR intracellular localization. The GFP-TRα1 construct was transfected into non-targeting siRNA (A) or TACC1 siRNA (B) treated HEK-293F cells. The distribution of GFP-TRα1 was analysed by confocal microscopy. The cell nuclei were stained with DRAQ5 (red colour). Two representative pictures are shown for each condition. We never observed the GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm of the control cells. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4420597_fig01_383495.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Staining for F-actin in non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma cells reveals that the cells isolated from a secondary cancer of the lymph nodes, namely H1299 cells, do not form bundled actin filaments (stress fibres) during cell migration. (A) CL1-0, CL1-5, A549 and H1299 cells were immunostained with fluorescent phalloidin, to localize F-actin; bar 15 μm. (B) Time-lapse TIRF images of H1299 cells expressing F-tractin-GFP and mApple-paxillin showing the dynamics of F-actin and FAs, respectively; bar 15 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4033500_fig1_291655.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Ophthalmoscopy revealed a tomato ketchup red appearance of the fundus and an exudative retinal detachment. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4469511_F0001_397392.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A) échographie anténatale de 22SA a montré une encéphalocéle; B) une continuité entre la tête et le tronc; C) un pied bot; D) L'IRM fœtale a confirmé ces anomalies avec une rachischisis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4339189_pone.0117063.g005_361789.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Immunohistochemisty of brain from challenged mice.Coronal sections at the thalamic level showing cerebrum, hippocampus and thalamus from mice inoculated with cerebral cortex from donor (A), recipient (B) and reference CH1641 (C) sheep. Mice inoculated with recipient (B) and reference CH1641 (C) material show no prominent PrPSc in these areas at this magnification. They do, however, show strong intracellular and neuropil PrPSc in other areas such as the medulla as shown in (D) and (E). Scale bar in (A)–(C) indicates 250 μm; in (D) and (E) indicates 25 μm. Antibody R145 |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4313712_F3_354486.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Distribution of IR co-receptor IR25a in the last antennular section, LSM scan of whole mount immunohistochemical assay, IR25a protein labeled in green, counterstain of cell core with SYTOX orange, (A) overview of OSN cell bodies expressing IR25a, (B) IR25a in the aesthetasc dendrites, (C) closeup of an exemplary aesthetasc, (D) control without primary antibody, (E) IR25a in dendrites (outlined arrowheads) from cell bodies (filled arrowheads) to the aesthetasc pad. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2931124_F0001_72390.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Recent ultrasonography of transplant kidney |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2759592_F0003_47669.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | T2 WI MRI scan (coronal image) of the left side shows multifoci of hypointensity and fragmentation of the accessory center |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4449563_Fig1_391401.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Sample immunohistochemical images. Immunohistochemical images of PODXL- negative non-malignant pancreatic tissue from two cases (top row), primary intestinal-type (I-type) tumours (left column), primary pancreatobiliary-type (PB-type) tumours (mid-column) and metastases (right column) with different PODXL staining scores (0–4). Asterisks indicate paired samples; i.e. from the same case/resection specimen. Score 0 = negative staining, score 1 = weak cytoplasmic positivity in any proportion of cells, score 2: moderate-strong cytoplasmic positivity in any proportion of cells, score 3: distinct membranous positivity in < = 50 % of cells and score 4 = distinct membranous positivity in >50 % of cells. All images with 10X original magnification |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3549280_F6_180076.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sub-cellular localization of Rheb on Golgi. A) HEK293 cells; B) HeLa cells were transiently transfected with EGFP-Rheb. Twenty-four hours after transfection cells were stained with 5 μM BODIPY TR C5 ceramide and live cells analyzed by confocal microscopy. The images reveal that Rheb localizes to the Golgi. Bar 8 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4673170_F5_451560.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | TREX2 is involved in DNA processing and facilitates cell death in UVB-irradiated skinA. TUNEL staining in UVB-irradiated skin of wt and Trex2−/− mice. Nuclei were counterstained with DRAQ5. White dotted lines demarcate the epidermal-dermal border. Inserts are higher magnifications of boxes. Representative images are shown. Original magnification, 63x. B. Quantitative analysis of the UVB-induced TUNEL pattern labeling in the epidermal living layers and C. the stratum corneum. TUNEL-positive nuclei number and percentage of lineal TUNEL-labeling pattern are relative to epidermis length. Significant differences between genotypes: Mann-Whitney test (#P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01). Graphs show mean and SEM of at least 4 mice from each genotype. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3528673_pone-0052541-g006_174765.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Representative Electron Micrographs of the aorta (scale bar: 1 µm or 2 µm).
A: Effects of GSPB2 on the aorta of db/db mice. B: Effects of MFG-E8 shRNA on the aorta of db/db mice. C: Effects of recombinant MFG-E8 on the aorta of db/db mice. Black arrows show abnormal ultrastructure changes. CC: control db/m group; DM: untreated db/db group; DMT: GSPB2 treated db/db group; GFP: treatment of GFP in db/db group; M-RNAi: treatment of MFG-E8 shRNA in db/db group; rmMFG-E8: treatment of recombinant MFG-E8 in db/db group. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_liver/train_2899.jpg | What does this image show? | cholangiocarcinoma |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2838823_F5_59195.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Detection of ZIC-like immunoreactivities in atypical and malignant meningioma. (A--C) Atypical meningioma with partially "blastic changes". (D--I) Anaplastic meningioma with geographic necrotic patterns. Each set of sections (A, B), (D, E), (F, G), and (H, I) is comprised of neighboring sections. (C) is the higher magnification of the boxed region in (B). (A) Hematoxylin and eosin staining. (B, C, D, F, H, J) Immunostaining with CXY2 antibody. (E, G) Immunostaining with anti-vimentin (VIM) antibody. (I, K) Immunostaining with anti-EMA antibody. Thick scale bar, 1 mm; thin scale bar, 100 μm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4499274_F0006_405325.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Control CT scan of right knee is highlighting a perfect consolidation of bone lesions. (A) coronal; (B) axial |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4352274_Fig8_364943.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see |
Expression of HCN2 in PV-positive cells of the hippocampus at P56. (A-B, D, E-F, H-J, L-N, P): Most PV-immunopositive cells located in the CA1 (A-B, D), CA2 (E, F, H), CA3 (I, J, L), and DG (M, N, P) were labeled with HCN2. (A, E, I): HCN2 expression was most prominent in the sl-m of the CA1 (A), as well as in the sp of the CA2 (E) and CA3 (I). Interestingly, at this stage the alveus showed HCN2 labeling, contrasting with its expression pattern at P21. A-B, D, E-F, H-J, L-N, P: white arrows indicate PV-positive/HCN2-positive cells. C, G, K, O: DAPI staining. Scale bars = 20 μm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4628103_F6_439409.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunostaining and immunohistochemical staining using the anti-HaCENH3 and anti-H3K9me2 antibodies. (A–O) Immunostaining images. (A–E) An interphase nucleus. (F–J) Prophase chromosomes. (K–O) Metaphase chromosomes. (P–T) Immunohistochemical staining images of metaphase chromosomes. Scale bar, 10 μm. (U) Scanning of metaphase chromosomes. Scanned positions are indicated as red lines. (V) A vertical scan of the chromosome. (W) A horizontal scan of the chromosome. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4609848_F4_434497.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A) FLAIR image, (B) APT-weighted image, (C) FA image, and (D) MD image of a PD patient (male; 74 years old; H&Y stage 2.5). (E) FLAIR image, (F) APT-weighted image, (G) FA image, and (H) MD image of a normal control (male; 61 years old). The CEST/APT imaging acquisition protocol provided B0 inhomogeneity-corrected, APT-weighted images with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios. The APT-weighted intensities in regions of the striatum (black arrow) were higher in PD patient than in normal control. The FA and MD values in regions of the striatum (black arrow) seemed to be similar for this PD patient and normal control. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3522317_s2sub3fig3_172735.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | A 24-year-old girl with bouts of headache and sensory-neural hearing loss. A and B. Axial T1-weighted MR images of the brain. C-E. Axial T2-weighted MR images. F-H. Axial T1-weighted MR images with contrast. I. Axial T1-weighted MR images without contrast. J. Axial T2-weighted without contrast MR image of the CP-angles. K and L. Axial and coronal post-contrast T1-weighted MR images. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4337180_fig1_360984.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | A 16-year-female with left hip subluxation associated with acetabular dysplasia and partial sacral agenesis treated with periacetabular osteotomy combined with allogeneic bone grafting. (a) Preoperative AP radiograph of the pelvis. (b) An AP radiograph obtained two years after the operation. The patient had achieved anatomical correction with an adequate bone stock in the hip joint. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4458544_fig2_394116.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. |
βCR colocalizes with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in macrophagesbone-marrow-derived macrophages were treated with vehicle (PBS) or EPO (5 U/mL) for 10 min. Cells were fixed and immunostained with anti-βCR or anti-EPOR Ab for confocal microscopy examination. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic39424.jpg | is this a contrast or noncontrast ct? | contrast |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/inside_oral/train_1412.jpg | Is metastatic carcinoma lung present? | no |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3613369_pone-0060299-g001_195755.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Intra-tumoral heterogeneity in the ability to develop metastatic colonization.(A) H&E section demonstrating normal colonic area and primary colon carcinoma (magnification 40×). (B) 4 to 6 week old male BALB/c nude mice were orthotopically implanted with HCT116 or HCT116b tumor xenografts. GFP imaging revealed primary tumor growth in both HCT116 and HCT116b animals. However, distant metastasis was only observed in HCT116 implanted animals by week 6. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4432374_f8_386501.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a–e) Optical images of the as-prepared AlN samples grown on a TaC crucible lid. From left to right, the temperature increases from 1800 to 2200 °C. (f–j) SEM images of the as-prepared NWs and grains corresponding to the selected area marked by the red box as shown in the top sample pictures. (k–o) Growth model corresponding to the upper SEM images from (f–g). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3078543_F2_92637.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A: In the sagittal section (right L4/5 foramen; T1-weighted image), foraminal stenosis is not obvious (arrow). B: In the transverse section (L4/5 foramen; T2-weighted image) as well, foraminal stenosis is not evident. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4348341_pone.0114820.g002_363677.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | The tumor margin on ultrasound.a. It shows that there is a slight lobulated margin of normal-like breast tumor. b. The ultrasound image of a basal-like breast cancer shows that the tumor margin is angular and speculated. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv39014074yhxoihk8b.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3850018_F1_248402.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Computer tomography of Case 2 revealed a heterogeneous-density occupation in the left pelvic cavity. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3018635_fig1_83790.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (a) Histology of NK/T-cell lymphoma showing presence of atypical lymphoid cells, which are medium to large in size with irregular and hyperchromatic nuclei. (b) In situ hybridization for Epstein Barr virus-encoded early RNAs (EBER) positivity in NK/T-cell lymphoma. (c) NK/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type presenting with perforation of hard palate. (d) PET/CT scan of a patient with NK/T-cell lymphoma showing a FDG-avid mass in the right nasal cavity. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2935374_pone-0012606-g005_72964.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Rac GTPase Activation is Critical for Enhanced Oxidative Damage in the Hippocampus CA1 Following GCI.DAB staining of representative coronal CA1 sections show NSC23766 ability to attenuate staining for oxidative stress markers for lipid peroxidation (4-HNE), DNA damage (8-OHdG) and histone phosphorylation (p-H2A.X). (Four to five animals per treatment group, magnification used was 20X). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxv990ac074yd27687my.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Oesophagitis |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2516530_pone-0003061-g004_26704.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Photograph of seedlings showing anthocyanin accumulation.Seedlings were grown on 6% sucrose medium for 15 days. The transgenic line numbers are indicated below the photograph. 2x is diploid, 4x tetraploid. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3919917_f1-ol-07-03-0709_266045.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Computed tomography scan indicating a huge cystic mass in the midabdomen, with an estimated maximum diameter of >15 cm. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic54565.jpg | which organ system is imaged? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3154169_F2_104852.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | MRI of the right hip; T1 sequential coronal views. The blue arrow shows the pattern of probable bone regeneration. The green arrow shows probable bone consolidation. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/outside_leg/train_1950.jpg | What does this image show? | 1 month old child with congenital aortic stenosis |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2361752_fig1_21522.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and HIF-2α by WHO-stage 1 (A, C, E and F) and WHO-stage 4 (B, D) PETs. (A, B) VEGF is highly expressed in a WHO stage-1 PET (A) and negative in a WHO-stage 4 PET (B). (C, D) HIF-1α cytoplasmic expression is strong in a WHO-stage 1 PET (C). HIF-1α nuclear expression is detected in a WHO-stage 4 PET (D). (E, F) HIF-2α cytoplasmic (E) and stromal (F) expression is detected in a WHO-stage 1 PET. Immunoperoxidase and haematoxylin nuclear counterstaining; original magnifications: A, × 250; B, × 250; C, × 150; D, × 500; E, × 200; F, × 250. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glxs52n071u9674doxk.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | Ulcerative colitis |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4407925_fig05_380405.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Perfusion maps of a patient with LAD disease for the mid-cavity slice obtained by (a) ARMA, (b) exponential, and (c) Fermi deconvolution. The perfusion maps are represented as function of spatial resolution level and direction of spatial averaging. Perfusion estimates are in mL/g/min. Transmural perfusion variations across the myocardium wall in ischemic regions have been disappeared at 20 and 10% of original resolution in transmural direction averaging for exponential and Fermi methods. However, for angular direction averaging, the endocardium, epicardium, and their transmural perfusion differences are still distinguishable from each other at 20 and 10% resolution levels in ischemic regions. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3899368_pone-0086935-g003_260804.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Electron micrographs of several Achromobacter phages with different morphotypes.Negative staining (4% (w/v) uranyl acetate, pH 5.0). Bars represent 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4489084_F6_401941.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Brevianthus
flavus
subsp.
crenulatus: A leaf apex B cells below apex on abaxial leaf surface C, D abaxial leaf surface at mid-leaf E, F adaxial leaf surface. All from NSW745726. Scale: 20 µm (A, B, E, F); 10 µm (C, D). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3797699_pone-0077710-g002_238056.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Identification of PH3+ cells in the CPu of the SE brain at 1 h.Identity of PH3+ cells (red) was determined by double immunostaining with cell type specific markers (green). Virtually all the PH3+ cells are NeuN+ mature neurons (A), not S100β+ astrocytes (B), Olig2+ oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocyte precursors (C) or Iba1+ microglia (D). Arrows indicate PH3+/NeuN+ (double-labeled) cells and arrowheads indicate PH3+ (single-labeled) cells. Single optical confocal microscopy images are shown. Scale bar = 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4342507_Fig8_362877.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Web-like and membranous structures on the edges of stent. A Coronary angiography (CAG) immediately after bare metal stent deployment into the proximal segment of left anterior descending artery. Arrows: segment where angioscopy was performed. B Web-like structure on the proximal edge of the stent (arrow). B-1 The web stained blue with Evans blue (EB), indicating it was composed of fibrin. C Membranous structure on the distal edge of the stent (arrow), easily displaced by a guidewire (arrow, C-1). Arrowhead: guidewire. C-2 The membranous structure stained blue with EB, indicating it was composed of fibrin (arrow). Reproduced from ref. [17], with permission |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4549040_fig02_417329.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Localization of SNAP-23 in trigeminal satellite glial cells in rat. The blue colour on image (A) represents the nuclear stain Hoechst and stains the nuclei of each cell. SNAP23 positive satellite glial cells were identified by double labelling with antibodies against glutamine synthetase (Red: Alexa fluor® 555), a specific Satellite glial cell marker in ganglia (B) and SNAP-23 (Green: Alexa fluor® 488) (C). On the merged image (D) overlapping of the two colours indicates SNAP23 positive SGCs. The enhanced area on image (D) shows an example of such co-localization of satellite glial cells enveloping a neuron. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_bone/train_2825.jpg | Is nodules present? | no |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3397558_f2-ijms-13-07776_145143.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Effects of polydatin on pulmonary artery morphology during hypopiesia and hypoxia (HE staining, at 200× magnification). (A) normoxic group; (B) hypobaric and hypoxic group; (C) silaenafil group; (D) 5 mg/kg polydatin group; (E) 10 mg/kg polydatin group; (F) 20 mg/kg polydatin group. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3356893_fig5_138834.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | CT scan showing large hematoma in Right lobe of liver following blunt trauma. The hematoma was complicated by bilhemia. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4266765_fig4_344840.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Hemorrhage can limit diagnostic confidence. The location of tumor (thick arrow) on T2-weighted imaging (a) is indistinct, with additional low signal areas in the peripheral gland bilaterally that appear mass-like (thin arrows). The location of tumor is confirmed on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map (b) but dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) perfusion (c) is heterogeneous (thin arrows). The precontrast T1-weighted image (d) reveals short T1 corresponding to the areas of low signal on T2-weighted imaging (thin arrows) confirming that this signifies artifact from hemorrhage. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4045552_fig2_294518.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Images showing downgrading of aneurysm residue by 3D RA by showing the excellent relationship between the artery and the clip: (a) 2D DSA image showing a small remnant (black arrow), (b) 3D RA, SSD image, showing the “remnant” to be a loop of the vessel rather than aneurysm neck. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3911946_pone-0087447-g004_263647.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | GFP expression in RN and anterograde labeling of RST.GFP expression was observed in the RN following scAAV2-GFP injection, as illustrated in coronal sections (A and B). The schematic inset in panel A illustrates the coordinates and levels of this section. Higher magnification images demonstrate anterograde transport of GFP to the contralateral site (C), midbrain (D and E) and cervical spinal cord in coronal (F and G) and sagittal sections (H and I). The box frames in panels D and F represent the regions magnified in panels E and G, respectively. Scale Bars: 500 µm (AH), 200 µm (I). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4014437_F4_286796.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Effect of PGF on myocardial scar formation after AMI. A: A bar graph showing the average scar area in different groups. Symbols indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) from the control group (#), from the non-treatment AMI group (&), and from the nude PGF group (※), respectively. B: Digital images (×7.5) of tissue sections stained by Masson Trichrome in the control group (B1), AMI group (B2), PGF group (B3) and PGF-PLGANPs group (B4). Red color indicates viable myocardium, while blue color indicates fibrosis due to infarction damage. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_14265.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | OPG post-operative view |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2268845_f4_19292.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Mesenchymal phenotype of MC-L by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. LSCM pictures of MC-L show positivity (green fluorescence) for vimentin (20X), CD90 (20X), and CD29 (20X) and negativity for CD11c (40X), CD11a (40X), CD45 (40X), CD34 (20X), and CD25 (20X). The nuclei are counterstained with propidium iodide (red). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2720231_fig3_42759.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunofluoresence staining for uPA, CD44 and MDR1 in primary and metastatic EOCs. Representative images from different patients. Representative confocal images of uPA and CD44 (green; Alexa-488) and MDR1 (red; Alexa-594) expression in EOC primary and metastatic EOC tissues are shown. Low levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (A–C), respectively. Medium levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in primary EOC tissues (D–F), respectively. High levels of uPA, CD44 and MDR1 are shown in metastatic EOC tissues (G–I), respectively. uPA immunolabelling is homogeneous and is generally seen on epithelial and stromal cells. Magnification: A–I × 400. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2762554_F0002_48121.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Pre-operative X-ray of pelvis including both hips (anteroposterior view) and lateral view of left hip (b) showing post-infective hip with reduced joint space, coxa breva, and subchondral sclerosis on both femoral and acetabular sides. (c) X-ray of pelvis including both hips (anteroposterior view) showing Cobra plate fixation of the left hip with obliteration of the joint space. (d) Removal of implant showing trabecular bone growth across the joint at 10.5 years follow-up |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16906.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Contrast enhanced T1W saggital MRI showing the same clinoidal meningioma |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3504515_F4_168109.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Imaging response of a 5 years-old child with an orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (plan shown Figure4). Inital imaging for treatment planning (A;B), Follow-up imaging 6 months after treatment; imaging showed a significant reduction in contrast enhancement with an overall reduction of the lesion in diameter. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3323261_F1_133327.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | A) Computed tomographic scan: note the right fronto-basal collection (arrow) with a midline shift right to left. B) Brain histology: three large clusters of amebic vegetative forms are seen (H-E stain, x 250). Inset: Positive indirect immunofluorescent analysis on tissue section with anti– Naegleria fowleri serum. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3655876_F1_204955.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Coronal MRI scans of malignant myoepithelioma development in the present case. Initial T1-weighted post-contrast images taken at symptom onset were normal (A). Follow-up images 1 month later depicted a new, left cavernous sinus mass with heterogeneous signal intensity (B). Preoperative images indicated the tumor mass significantly increased (C). Post-biopsy images displayed more progressive tumor development, since the tumor filled the left cavernous sinus and extended into the ipsilateral middle fossa (D). Postoperative images presented a large residue with successive tumor growth (E, F). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3414837_F1_149031.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Computed tomographic scan of the brain obtained after the event revealed the presence of air gases (arrow), which suggested the infusion of subdural air while attaching an extension tube with a syringe filled with a local anesthetic. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3239324_F1_119420.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Histological observations of coronary arteritis induced by treatment with MZR and IgG. A, Control (PBS); B, MZR group; C, IgG group. Each micrograph represents an individual mouse. H&E stain, Bar: 500 μm. Numbers (white) are coronary arteritis score. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2928795_F1_72219.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic vessels. Immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic vessels using D2-40 antibody against podoplanin in an oropharyngeal (A) and a supraglottic tumour (E). Detection of intratumoural lymphatics in an oropharyngeal (B) and a supraglottic tumour (F). Detection of peritumoural lymphatics in a supraglottic tumour. The basal layer of the epithelium and the margin of the tumour mass gave positive signal for podoplanin (C). Detection of peritumoural lymphatics in a glottic tumour that stained positive for podoplanin (G). Example of one representative podoplanin positive tumour cell embolus inside a podoplanin positive lymphatic vessel of an oropharyngeal (D) and a supraglottic carcinoma (H). Scale bar, 250 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3682927_F2_211335.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Volumen rendering technique shows aortic root (A), RCA, LAD and ramus diagonalis I (RD I). Hypoplastic LCX is not visible, the ordinary position of the LCX is marked as a dotted line. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4421818_f2_383666.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphology and structure of graphene aerogels.(a) Optical image of a 3D printed graphene aerogel microlattice. SEM images of (b) a 3D printed graphene aerogel microlattice, (c) graphene aerogel without R–F after etching and (d) graphene aerogel with 4 wt% R–F after etching. Optical image of (e) 3D printed graphene aerogel microlattices with varying thickness and (f) a 3D printed graphene aerogel honeycomb. Scale bars, 5 mm (a), 200 μm (b), 100 nm (c,d), 1 cm (f). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl9s43j071ub5zrd4iy.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2647928_F5_34978.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Lentivirus-mediated EGFP delivery to the SR. Lentivirus-mediated delivery by stereotaxic injections to the SR of the hippocampus does not result in substantial EGFP expression in the GCL, despite low (A) or high (B) EGFP expression, 1 week after injection. Right panels represent the boxed area in the left panels of the figure. Arrows (A) and arrowheads (B) indicate EGFP+ cells in the GCL. Scale bars: left panels 100 μm; right panels 20 μm. Each image shown is representative of 5 animals independently injected. SR: Stratum Radiatum; CA1: Cornu Ammonis 1; ML: Molecular layer; DG: Dentate Gyrus. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC1164403_F2_2385.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Examples of the different immunostaining patterns obtained using the antibody clones 22-1-1 and Ab-1 in various adenocarcinomas. Signet ring cell gastric carcinoma (a, b; magnification × 80). Colorectal adenocarcinoma (c, d; magnification × 60). Lymph node metastasis (e, f; magnification × 50). Prostatic adenocarcinoma (g; magnification × 60) and (h; magnification × 50): Adenocarcinoma of the lung (i, j; magnification × 60). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1670.jpg | Does excellent example show acid fast stain a zillion organisms? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4096498_F2_305882.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Treatment of the thromboembolic complication after deployment of the stent. (a) Unsubtracted left vertebral angiography (left oblique, caudo-cranial view) shows the Silk stent deployed stent deployed in the left V4 segment. (b) Thrombo-embolic occlusion of the distal part of the stent. (c) Normalized flow in the vertebro-basilar system after local injection of r-TPA and systemic injection of Abciximab. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1643.jpg | What does this image show? | esophagus |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1874.jpg | What is present ? | female reproductive |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3881306_F7_256597.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | atient 11: A) Patient presented with large periradicular radiolucency around the apex of the fused roots of upper first molar ; the root canal treatment is poor and a rather long segment of broken instrument in the distal root is evident; B) Immediate post operative radiography; the crown was removed, then IR and periradicular endodontic surgery with CEM cement was done. The prosthetic crown was replaced after three weeks; C) Seventeen-month follow-up radiograph shows resolution of periradicular lesion and formation of a normal lamina dura surrounding the roots |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4289066_pone.0116277.g002_349633.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | 55y old male patient suffering from NSCLC (tumor stage IV, adenocarcinoma, G2) Central necrotic lymph node in the mediastinum (see arrow) with a high T2 signal in MRI (A) and a low FDG-uptake in the fused PET/MR images (B).In DWI, no diffusion restriction can be observed (C) and a T2 shine through effect can be seen on the corresponding ADC-map (D). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3170810_fig3_108057.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Representative illustration of neurofilament immunostainings. Immunodetection of axonal neurofilaments is illustrated at the level of the corpus callosum (a) and anterior commissure (b) in both young and old PS1 and APPxPS1 transgenics. See text for details concerning age and genotype effects. Black arrow heads point to positive axonal enlarged varicosities in old APPxPS1 mice. Scale bars: 100 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_40849.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Anteroposterior radiograph showing an intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip joint that was ankylosed because of arthrodesis performed 56 years earlier. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2213650_F1_16664.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Results of fixing and permeabilizing conditions on phospho-MLC and actin filament staining. Images in the left column show cells that were fixed in the absence of any drugs to inhibit MLC phosphorylation. Images on the right depict cells fixed after treatment with 10 μM Y27632 to inhibit MLC phosphorylation. Fluorescence from phalloidin (which stains actin filaments) is indicated by red, anti-diphospho-MLC fluorescence by green, DAPI staining of nuclear DNA by blue, yellow indicates co-localization of red and green signal, pink indicates co-localization of red and blue signal. |
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