image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_25761.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Anteroposterior fluoroscopic image of lumbar spine post fixation. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1po1dyf08328p936k73.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3958355_pbio-1001815-g009_274914.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Trimera formation is not a general stress response.Cells exposed to triazoles ketoconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole formed trimeras at frequencies similar to FLC. Cells that were exposed to caspofungin, an echinocandidn, also produced many trimera-like and multimera-like cells (upper and lower panels). Exposure to toxin 5-FOA as well as heat shock did not result in a significant number of trimeras. No trimeras were detectable following exposure to 2-DOG (unpublished data). Percentages in upper right corner of DAPI image denote frequency of trimera formation in 300–400 cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_endocrine/train_1447.jpg | What is present? | endocrine |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2978087_pone-0013924-g003_78207.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | IRES-directed expression of DsRed in cells.(A) BHK-21 or (B) C6/36 cell monolayers were infected in triplicate with recombinant dsSINV constructs. Pictures were taken at 10× magnification using a Zeiss Axiovert epi-fluorescence microscope. White light pictures show monolayer confluency at (A) 3 and (B) 4 dpi (upper panels). GFP-specific fluorescence indicates cap-dependent translation of the first ORF (middle panels). DsRed-specific fluorescence indicates 5′-end-independent translation directed by the RhPV 5′ IRES element (lower panels). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3443279_Fig6_155096.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Hypervascular HCCs in a 50-year-old man with chronic liver disease. a Pre-contrast MRI, b arterial phase, c portal vein pressure (PVP), d 3 min, f 4 min, f HCP. Marked heterogeneous liver with nodular contour, with reticulation in the HCP- cirrhotic The arrows point to two rounded focal lesions, with arterial enhancement (one less prominent), PV washout and hypointensity in the HCP |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3780346_F4_232925.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Angiogram demonstrating aneurysm development (Panel A, black arrow) in a 13 year-old patient who previously underwent subclavian
flap aortoplasty for coarctation of the aorta. Magnetic resonance imaging of a 30 year-old patient in Panel B also demonstrates aneurysm
formation (white arrow) after subclavian flap-aortoplasty. Note the absence of the left subclavian artery in both images. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4694910_F1_457322.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Autoradiograph (A1–A3, C1–C3) and corresponding H&E stained images (B1–B3, D1–D3) of CA4P + 131I-prohy group and 131I-prohy group at 4 h (A1, B1, C1, D1), 24 h (A2, B2, C2, D2) and 120 h (A3, B3, C3, D3) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3608638_pone-0058217-g001_194770.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Endoscopic severity of Kodsi's grading.A: Grade I, a few raised white plaques up to 2 mm in size without edema or ulceration. B: Grade II, multiple raised white plaques greater than 2 mm in size without ulceration. C: Grade III, confluent, linear, and nodular elevated plaques. D: Grade IV, finding of grade III with increased friability of the mucous membranes and occasional narrowing of the lumen. E: “White carpet” appearance, thick white plaque cover on esophageal mucosa circumferential narrowing the lumen. F: Oral Candidiasis, in which endoscopy can detect laryngopharyngeal candidiasis. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3823142_fig03_242068.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Distribution of cardiac telocytes in the myocardium. (I) Immuofluorescent staining for c-kit (red) revealed that many of the cardiac telocytes were distributed in the longitudinal dimension of the whole heart (A1-2, B1-2 and C1-2). (II) All of the cardiac telocytes were distributed within the cross direction (A1-2 and B1-2). Figures inset in I-A1-2, I-B1-2, I-C1-2, II-A1-2 and II-B1-2 contain images of cardiac telocytes at a higher magnification (n = 3). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2946336_pone-0013002-g001_74820.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Morphologies and clustering of selected pancreatic cancer cell lines.Mesenchymal-like cell lines are presented in the top two rows, and epithelial-like cell lines are in the bottom two rows. Note the increased cell scatter and spindle like projections seen in the mesenchymal-like cells as compared to the tighter cell-cell adhesion and more spherical shape characteristic of the epithelial cells. The images were collected by phase-contrast microscopy at 10× magnification. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3212229_F2_114994.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Formation of clusters. (a) Clusters formed by C60 molecules after having left the crystals composed of C60 molecules in carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions (36.0°C) for 24 h. (b) C60 molecules were so weakly bonded to each other that the clusters were broken by the electron beams, the energy flux of which was 1.5 nW nm-2, during the SEM observation. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic34587.jpg | in what plane was this image taken? | sagittal |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1910594_F5_12024.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Patients 3. A: TTDE before adenosine. B: TTDE after adenosine. C: DW recording. D: coronary angiography with site of DW recording (arrow). DW: Doppler-wire. TTDE: transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3673122_f10-sensors-13-04979_209177.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | SEM micrographs and example of EDS corresponding to different configurations of the SNGC electrodes used and not used: AuSNPs/CeO2(25% w/w)-modified SNGC electrode (A) used and (B) not used, both obtained with the secondary electron detector; AuSNPs/CeO2(2.5% w/w)-modified SNGC electrode (C) used and (D) not used, both obtained with the backscattered electron detector; (E) X-ray EDS corresponding to the AuSNPs/CeO2 nanocomposite film deposited on the surface of a SNGC electrode. All the micrographs were obtained at the magnification of 90× and operating in the range of 24-30 kV. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic25415.jpg | what organ system is primarily present in this image? | lung, mediastinum, pleura |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3407778_F1_147335.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Preoperative CT findings. The CT showed a single left supraclavicular lymph node (arrow) (a) axial section, (b) coronal section |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxuw8zt4074y0m7g3tl5.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | No |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_50652.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Radiograph of case 9 shows absence of lumbosacral vertebrae, thoracic vertebral defects, malformed ribs, dysplastic and hypoplastic pelvic bones, and “frog-like” position of the right lower extremity. Spine terminates at the T12 level. The left radius is absent (the absence of left thumb is not well visualized). The orogastric tube does not pass through esophagus, and is twisted. There is no passage of gas into the stomach and intestines. Note shaft fracture of the left femur, and dislocated left knee. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3786880_f2-etm-06-02-0509_234523.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Hematoxylin and eosin staining of a pathological tissue paraffin section (magnification, ×40). (A) The tumor cells are astrocytes with round or elliptical nuclei and visible nuclear divisions. (B) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining demonstrated positive expression, confirming an astrocyte tumor. (C) The tumor cells were negative for CD138 staining, confirming that the tumor was not a myeloma. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3940942_F2_271124.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Tissue microarray cylinders representing an adrenal gland infiltration by a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of (A) adrenal gland and (A’) tumor tissue. (B–F) Several histochemical and immunohistochemical stainings of extracellular matrix elements and (B’–F’) their corresponding mark-up images after image analysis are shown. The cylinder tissue was stained with (B) Gomori for Ret F, (C) Masson’s trichrome for Col I F, and (D) Alcian blue pH 2.5 for GAGs; and immunostained with (E) anti-CD45 for leukocyte-common antigen and (F) anti-CD31 for Blood vessels. Tumors tend to disrupt the topology of the ECM of the organ in which they settle, producing changes in biotensegrity. AG, antigen. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4620258_fig1_437320.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Cone-beam computed tomography scans of the posterior maxillary region. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4100526_F2_306552.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Specific lesion of 5-HT neurons in the DRN and RMg. A representation of 5-HT-ir in the DRN (A, B) and RMg (C, D) between the ACSF-injected group (left column; A, C) and the anti-SERT-SAP-injected group (right column; B, D). Magnifications: panels A, B, C, D (bar scale 100 μm). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3691082_f4-rado-47-02-111_213249.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | (a, b) Nine months after the second surgery, PET/CT revealed high FDG uptake in the right submaxillary lymph node (SUVmax= 3.2), right oropharynx (SUVmax= 5.4) and(c) multiple nodules in both lungs (SUVmax= 4.6). |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3942481_pone-0090853-g006_271599.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The NF2L64P mutation affects subcellular localization in a temperature sensitive fashion.Subcellular localizations of expressed NF2 isoform 1 (A–B) and the L64P mutation (C–D) are compared in wing imaginal discs kept at 25°C (A,C) or 37°C (B,D) for two hours prior to dissection. While the L64P mutant protein shows normal apical, punctate localization at 25°C (C), it is much more cytoplasmic and evenly distributed at 37°C (D). In contrast, the higher temperature has no apparent effect on subcellular distribution of the wild type isoform 1 protein, which was apical and punctate at both temperatures (A–B). Insets in B and D show higher magnification views of representative areas. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4300053_Fig1_351390.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image |
Histological and radiological images of screen-detected and interval breast cancer. Upper row: Radiological (A) and histological whole tumour images of a screen-detected cancer with stellate shape and abundant stromal elastosis (grade 3) (HES staining in B; elastin-staining in C). Middle row: Comparable images of an interval cancer with rounded, pushing-border contour and no stromal elastosis (grade 0) (D-F). Magnification x 5. Lower row: Higher magnification (x200) of histological slides from the screening cancer in the upper row. G, HES-staining. H, elastin-staining. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3716817_F5_218919.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Neuropathological assays of temporal lobes of three FFI cases, a sCJD (Case 1) patient, a G114V gCJD patient and normal control (indicated above). Upper: HE stain. Middle: Nissl stain. Bottom: GAFP-specific IHC. Scale bar, 20 μm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0585.jpg | Are the alveolar spaces as well as interstitium seen at the periphery? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3732605_fig1_222359.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | (a) Diffuse black-gray pigmentation in ocular surface in both eyes. (b) Histopathology revealed subepithelial extracellular silver particles in the substantia propria. (c) Squamous metaplastic changes on conjunctival epithelium and diffuse highly reflective extracellular punctiform deposits in conjunctival substantia propria. (d) Normal corneal epithelium on confocal microscopy. (e) Highly reflective punctiform deposits in the stroma demonstrated with confocal microscopy. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3723793_F4_220294.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Measurement of bone density by micro-CT. Shown are representative longitudinal isosurface volume renderings of the femur from a (A) control mouse and a (B) CIA mouse from week 0 after initiation of collagen immunization. All rendering thresholds were set to 800 Hounsfield units. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_06213.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | CT of abdomen without contrast showing lymphadenopathy. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4244948_fig6_339357.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Iohexol resulted in more severe morphological injury compared with iodixanol in 5/6 NE rats. (a) Representative photomicrographs of tubular cell injury (arrow) in rat kidney tissue sections of the control, iohexol, and iodixanol groups. (b) Quantitative analysis of histologic scoring. Original magnifications: ×100. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Calibration bar = 20 μm. **
P < 0.01 versus the control group; n = 8. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3910261_fig3_263538.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Microscopic detection of retina neuron apoptosis (×400). (a–c) Control group; (d–f) diabetic group. (Apoptosis is labeled with arrow.) |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4061510_F2_299052.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrating small bowel obstruction and mesenteric haematoma taken at the same anatomical level as Figure1b. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3751337_F3_226817.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Magnetic resonance imaging: Both the axial (A) and the coronal (B) images suggested extra prostatic extension and the invasion of the bladder wall and the rectum. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3139116_fig1_102648.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Axial view of right external iliac artery thrombosis. No contrast-enhancement is visible. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1es708329w7t4chl.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3103544_pone-0020330-g002_97269.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Representative ultrasound images of orthotopic human pancreatic cancer xenografts in the mouse pancreas over time.A) Normal mouse pancreas, B) 1 week post-USGI, C) 2 weeks post-USGI, D) 1 week post-SOI, and E) 2 weeks post-SOI. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2376938_fig5_22501.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Detection of vessels within the tumour of HEP-2 tumour xenograft: Pecam-1 endothelial immunostaining, magnification × 100. (A) Control group, highly vascularised tumour with thick and large vascular channels. Presence of large vessels located at the periphery of the tumour. (B) Irradiation alone, moderately vascularised tumours. (C) n-3 PUFA alone, moderately vascularised tumours. (D) Irradiation combined with n-3 PUFA, marked inhibition in tumour vascularisation. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3001876_pone-0015310-g003_81094.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | A 3% Ethanol Treatment Inhibits Fine Movements.
Analysis of Fine Movements (body movements while stationary). Time lapse images of worms taken over 15 seconds, highlighting the need for immobilization of live planarians when imaging. (A) Untreated control worm moved its head completely out of frame in less than 10 seconds. (B) A PC2-RNAi injected worm (without gross movements) remained in frame; however fine movements were not inhibited, as seen by its head progressively extending across the frame. (C) An EtOH-treated worm stayed completely in frame without any fine movements. (The assay required loose mounting, resulting fluid drift, but note that the eye/body positions remain the same). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4500444_pone.0132515.g002_405545.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Representative methionine PET (MET-PET) images from the three PET centers (A, B, and C) and reference contrast-enhanced MRIs from patients with recurrent gliomas.All lesions are indicated with arrow heads. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4174767_F2_322460.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Default Mode Network masks for the different neuroimaging modalities: (A) cingulum bundle for MD modality; (B) mPFC and posterior midline areas for GWC; (C) mPFC and posterior midline areas for VBM. When necessary masks were resampled to match template characteristics. Cingulum mask is inflated for visual purposes. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3919891_f1-ol-07-03-0717_265941.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | (A) T2-weighted sagittal and T1-weighted (B) axial and (C) sagittal gadolinium-enhanced MRI showing a ~15×28-mm spindle-shaped intramedullary mass located at the level of T12. (D) T2-weighted sagittal and T1-weighted (E) axial and (F) sagittal gadolinium-enhanced MRI demonstrating that the tumor tissue had been radically resected and a cavity had been formed. (G) Stained microscopic sections of the surgical specimen (hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×50). (H) Immunohistochemical staining revealed a positive reaction to prostatic acid phosphatase (magnification, ×100). MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4458537_fig2_394095.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | US system screenshot. In the upper panel on the left a standard real-time ioUS B-mode image is displayed; on the right, the corresponding preoperative MRI is fused with real-time ioUS B-mode. In the lower the three standard orthogonal planes (sagittal, coronal, and axial) and the insonation plane panel are displayed. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3695770_F1_214474.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Cansiliella servadeii and its habitat. a) Top view of the adult insect. b) detail of the abdomen with indication of the gut position and coiling; c) insect browsing on moonmilk in Grotta della Foos cave floor. d) sequence showing C.servadeii on location, preening its left antenna and passing it through mouthparts. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4354744_Fig5_365657.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description |
Effects of Oryeongsan on translocation of p-Smad-2 (A) and Smad-4 (B) into the cell nucleus in rat mesangial cells. Immunofluorescent images of p-Smad-2 (A) and Smad-4 (B) nuclear translocation (red arrow) under the laser scanning confocal microscopy were show (magnification. 400X). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue) and p-smad-2 (A) and Smad-4 (B) were stained with Alexa Fluor 488 (green). Green fluorescence indicates localization of p-Smad-2/Smad-4. Respective data were obtained from five independent experiments. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27827.jpg | what part of the body is being imaged here? | genitourinary |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_30864.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a block with irregular and unclear edges and a short T2 signal area in the lateral ciliary body. The signal was equal to that from the brain cortex. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_08106.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray showing 2 giant left ureteral stones. The arrows point to the two radio opaque left ureteral stones |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3626318_fig2_198413.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | In PET-CT a high 18F-fluorodeoxyiglucose uptake confirms the neoplastic nature of a superior sulcus lesion. CT also allows a morphological study thanks to the possibility of multiplanar reformations on the axial (A), coronal (B), and sagittal planes (C). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3367614_F2_140485.jpg | What is shown in this image? | A) Electron microscopy scan of peripheral blood. B) Transmission electron microscopy scan of peripheral blood. a, membrane invaginations; b, stomatocytes and spherostomatocytes; c, erythrocyte with vacuole-enclosed suspect organism. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3567960_F3_184636.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Some distinctive features of BSE in VM mice. (a)-(d) Immunohistochemistry showing characteristic features in the dentate gyrus (a), periaqueductal grey mater (b), solitary tract (c) locus ceruleus (d). (e)–(h) The same areas stained using the PET blot approach. Both methods revealed similar distribution of PrPSc but IHC confered higher resolution. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2989515_F0004_79261.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Mid-segittal T2WI (A) and T1WI (B) taken at nine months postoperative followup did not show an evidence of recurrence of the cyst |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4047087_pone-0099175-g004_295142.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Optical images and fluorescence measurements of cell invasion on Au-NP treatment.The images represent A549 cells (A) and 95D cells (B) that have crossed the pores of the Matrigel invasion chamber and corresponding fluorescence intensity results. *P<0.05. Error bars indicate the SD values from three independent experiments. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3724941_pone-0070409-g001_220810.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Electron microscopy images of the single antigens and the trivalent combination used to immunize BALB/c mice.Morphological assemblies of NoV GII-4 capsid (A), GI-3 capsid (B) and RV rVP6 (C) proteins, and the trivalent combination (1:1:1 of each antigen) of the structures depicted in panels A-C (D) were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a FEI Tecnai F12 electron microscope (Philips Electron Optics, Holland) with 18,500 × magnification following negative staining with 3% uranyl acetate (UA), pH 4.6. The arrows represent each structure (A–C) in the trivalent assembly (D). Bar 100 nm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3132032_F6_101688.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | The effect of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) on Safranin O histological staining of the murine knee joint. Typical sections from the condyle and groove areas of (a through f) the treadmill-only group and (g through l) the OA group are shown. In each case, the boxed areas are shown at high magnification to the immediate right; for example, the boxed areas in (a) are shown at higher magnification in (b) and (c). Black arrows indicate (h and k) cartilage erosion and (i and l) fibrotic or chondrophytic deposits. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC1479693_pbio-0040215-g007_5755.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Delineating ACF Borders with Multiple Tones and Bands of Noise(A–C) An additional multi-tone experiment with animal J02. Format as for
Figure 5 (A), (C and D). (D–I) Show the results from two animals where five one-octave bands of noise (band-passed noise) were used to localize ACFs. (D and G) Five best noise-band maps showing the antero-posterior frequency gradients. (E and H) show the gradient sign procedure revealing borders between neighboring ACFs. (C, F, and I) show auditory cortex ROI outlines. The results of the gradient tests within these outlines in comparison to the model gradient are shown in
Table 1.
|
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90gs074y8ob781xw.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White, Yellow |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3926292_fig5_267504.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs illustrating adequate callus formation at the fracture site at time of final followup. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4585313_F3_427605.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Kirsch et al. (2005) showed that oxytocin attenuated amygdala activation in response to fearful stimuli. (A) shows activation at the amygdala, with neural responses to fearful faces shown on the left, and to fearful scenes on the right, under placebo conditions (top), and after treatment with oxytocin (bottom). (B) shows the main effect of the drug in the left amygdala, where the signal was strongest. (C) plots BOLD levels at the amygdala using a region of interest analysis. Reproduced with permission from J. Neurosci. (Kirsch et al., 2005). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3914586_fig11_264499.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Representative optical fluorescence microscopy images of hABMSCs cultured for 5 days in static conditions (a1–d1) or at 10 min/day (a2–d2), 30 min/day (a3–d3), 60 min/day (a4–d4), 120 min/day (a5–d5), and 180 min/day (a6–d6) by OSS with OM; cell nuclei (a1–a6), actin filaments (b1–b6), (OCN, c1–c6), and merged images (d1–d6) of the fluorescence stains. Fluorescence images showed more intense observation in OSS groups with OM compared to those of control (arrows: cell direction). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4415920_pone.0124881.g003_382341.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | α-SMA stain of kidney tissue.The groups are (A) control, (B) EG-exposed, (C) EG+STS-exposed, (D) EG+SC-exposed, (E) EG+SS-exposed animals. The α -SMA stain was markedly increased in EG-exposed animals but decreased in all treatment groups. The significance levels are with reference to the EG group. The data are means ± SD from 7–8 animals per group. *p< 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3009706_F6_82218.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Viroplasms do not colocalize with Cy5 labeled infectious rotavirus particles. MA104 cells grown in coverslips were infected with purified rotavirus strain RRV TLPs (left side panels) or purified rotavirus strain RRV TLP's labeled with Cy5 (right side panels). Four hours after infection, cells were fixed, and the viroplasms detected with an anti-NSP2 polyclonal antibody, and a secondary antibody coupled to Alexa-488. Images were obtained with confocal microscope LSM 510 and processed as described in material and methods. In merge, detected viroplasms are in green, and Cy5 labeled RRV particles are in red, pointed by arrows. Detail of viroplasm location and Cy5 labeled RRV are shown. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4632305_fig4_440664.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Epi induces β-catenin nuclear translocation. HCMa were pretreated with phospho-ERK inhibitor U0126 (10 μmol/l in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), or solvent alone, and then stimulated with epi 500 μmol/l for 10 min. For indirect immunofluorescence, cells were stained for β-catenin detection with an anti-rabbit FITC-488-conjugated Ab. Negative control rabbit IgG were used in place of a primary rabbit polyclonal antibody to evaluate nonspecific staining. Hoechst 33342 was used for nuclear staining (DAPI). Samples were analyzed by using a confocal microscope, (objective × 63; bars=20 μm) |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3701132_Fig3_215630.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Representative axial (a–c) and corresponding curved multiplanar reformatted images (d–f) of the left anterior descending artery from three reconstruction methods performed on one subject (window width/level = 1,200/200). a and d were reconstructed using conventional filtered back projection (FBP); image noise increases in b and e that were reconstructed with FBP after a simulated 50 % dose reduction (FBP50 %). c and f were reconstructed with AIDR3D applied to the raw data after the application of the 50 % simulated noise reduction (AIDR50 %) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3893791_fig3_259193.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Top shows CT head perfusion study with mismatch in mean transit time and blood volume. Bottom shows smaller final completed stroke area in DWI sequence of MRI. Both used to calculate percentage area salvage. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4282913_F3_348223.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | (a) Surgical repositioning and semi-rigid splinting using orthodontic wire-composite. (b) Splint was removed. (c) Root canal treatment and filling with glass fiber posts in 1.1 and 1.2. (d) Orthopantomography, 2 weeks follow-up. (e) Root canal treatment and filling with fiberglass posts in 2.1 and 2.2. (f) Lateral left view, the traumatized teeth were restored with minimally invasive preparations of feldspathic ceramic. (g) Lateral right view. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwybdny8086u12yrb44u.jpg | Are there any abnormalities in the image? | No |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4607875_F3_433951.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Cystogenesis during drug treatment in Pkd1−/− and wt mice. (A) Ratio of renal cyst volume to body weight in Pkd1−/− mice in the four drug treatment groups. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to vehicle treatment. (B) Representative images of collected livers (top) and kidneys (bottom) from each treatment cohort; scale bar, 1 cm. (C) Representative light microscopy images from H&E slides, reflecting cystic burden of Pkd1−/− and wt mice in all treatment groups at experimental endpoint (10 weeks of treatment). Images taken at 20× magnification; scale bar, 50 μm. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4214415_f2-ol-08-06-2577_331393.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A) Survivin and (B) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the five-week primary tumor. (C) Survivin and (D) VEGF expression in the five-week lungs. No (E) survivin or (F) VEGF expression was identified in the healthy bone. No (G) survivin or (H) VEGF expression was identified in the healthy lungs (stain, hematoxylin and eosin; magnification, ×200). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3900664_pone-0086865-g001_261078.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Differences in cell morphology with TGF-β and bFGF.ADSCs in SSFM were treated with 10/mL bFGF plus 5 µg/ml heparin (bFGF), 1 ng/mL TGF-β1 (TGFβ), or no additions (Unt). Phase contrast images were taken at 2 days (2d) and 4 days (4d) of treatment. Images are representative of more than three independent experiments. Scale bar = 50 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3049781_pone-0017559-g004_89193.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Effect of chloranil on the laminin-induced co-clustering of ß-DG and AQP4.Primary astrocytes were treated for 7 h with 20 nM laminin and15 µM chloranil during the last 4 h. The concentration of chloranil varied from 0 (A,B,C), 6(D,E,F), 12(G,H,I), 25 (J,K,L), 50 (M,N, O) to 100 µM (P,Q,R). The cells were fixed and labelled for μ-DG (A, D, G, J, M and P) and AQP4 (B, E, H, K, N and Q). Clustered staining was quantified using confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 30 µm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_37674.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | A 61-year-old man with shock after liver biopsy. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrates massive hemoperitoneum and active contrast extravasation from the anterior surface of segment 5 of the liver (arrow). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4450338_fig3_391714.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Pancreatic lesion was found by follow-up after acute pancreatitis. The case was diagnosed as a pseudocyst by surgical pathology. (a) US indicated cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas (M: mass; P: pancreas), which contained low-echo solid components (arrow). The case was diagnosed as type IV by US. (b) There was no enhancement inside the cystic lesion in CEUS (the right picture). The case was diagnosed as type I by CEUS. (c) Enhanced CT indicated no enhancement in the cystic lesion. The case was diagnosed as type I. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3559544_pone-0055392-g009_182392.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Anatabine reduces mononuclear cell infiltration in the spinal cord of EAE mice.Representative 40X microscopic fields of longitudinal sections of the spinal cord stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Intense mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of the peripheral white matter in the spinal cord of EAE placebo mice is evident compared to control mice. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3366958_pone-0038182-g004_140447.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Case 3. (a, b) Macroscopic and ICG lymphography findings in the dorsum of the hand over the forearm. (c) Magnified ICG lymphography findings in (c) splash pattern (SP) and (d) linear pattern (LP) areas. (e) Immunostaining of the skin in the SP area (LYVE-1). Overgrowth of subcutaneous capillary lymph vessels was apparent (red arrows). (f) Immunostaining of the skin in the LP area (LYVE-1). Skin capillary lymph vessels are diffusely present directly below the dermis (red arrows). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1fez0832frjo31n1.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1ps1e0b08329arp8xig.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4119634_fig2_310991.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | 3D rendering of local brain regions showing significant decreases (yellow) and increases (green) in cortical thickness (in mm) between children in the local bias group and the global bias group. LH: left hemisphere; RH: right hemisphere. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2768636_F0007_49115.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Gastrointestinal (GI) bleed. Angiogram (A) shows an abnormal vascular blush (arrow) from the branches of the superior mesenteric artery. Superselective catheterization and angiogram (B) of the culprit vessel confirms the finding of an active bleed (arrow). Post-embolization image (C) shows no evidence of the active bleed |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4186578_f2-ol-08-05-1912_325580.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | (A) Patient 1: Computed tomography (CT) scannings of a pulmonary mass in the left lower lobe prior to and one year after initiation of bevacizumab treatment. (B) Patient 5: CT of the (a) left maxillary sinus and (b) left frontal sinus that were initially obstructed by inverted papilloma and were cleared following three cycles of bevacizumab therapy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_04259.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Computed tomography scan of giant lymph cyst. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2766639_pgen-1000718-g001_48542.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | PGP induced pluripotent stem cells.(A) We derived 2–3 iPS cell lines from two biopsy sites in each individual. iPS cells expressed molecular pluripotency markers (SSEA4, SSEA3, Tra1-60, Tra1-81, NANOG and OCT4) and stained for the alkaline phosphatase activity. (B) When injected into immune-deficient mice, iPS cells formed a teratoma, containing normal tissues from all three germ layers, including respiratory epithelium (endoderm), bone (mesoderm) and neuroectoderm (ectoderm). |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/outside_other/train_1575.jpg | What is present? | breast |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3399083_Fig3_145573.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | (a) Microscopic images and factor analysis score images (color coding of scores: red>yellow>blue) depicting different regions of human skin from a PBS control experiment (24 h treatment at 34 °C) and following SDS-d25 treatment for 24 and 40 h at 34 °C. The skin surface is located at the left of each image plane. Factor analysis was conducted over the CH stretching region (2,830–3,000 cm−1). (b) Factor loadings map to high scores in the following regions of human skin: SC (black), VE (red) and Der (blue). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4197402_fig1s1_327974.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Assessment of additional Nrp1 variants containing mutations in the VEGF-binding site.AP-SEMA3A or AP-VEGF was applied to COS-1 cells overexpressing the indicated construct (top and middle row). Non-permeabilized antibody staining was performed with a polyclonal anti-NRP1 antibody to detect NRP1 surface expression (bottom row). Scale bar: 50 μm.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03720.004 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3898307_fig-3_260243.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Photograph of DNHM D2946.Red and white arrows point at the maximum extent of the primary and secondary feathers of the wing. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3398390_fig1_145281.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (A) Main effect of group – Deaf > Hearing (red/yellow), Hearing > Deaf (blue/green) and (B) main effect of condition – speechreading > sign (red/yellow), sign > speechreading (blue/green) and (C1) group by condition interaction (C2) Graphs display mean percent BOLD change in each condition for each group. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean (voxel-wise p-value = 0.025, cluster-wise p-value = 0.01). Activations up to 15 mm beneath the cortical surface are displayed. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2667670_pone-0005295-g009_37164.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Selected PE fluorescence images of ensemble PBsome isolated from P. cruentum WT cells (A), WT cell pretreated with glutaraldehyde (B) and F11 mutant (C) obtained with confocal microscopy by detecting 550–600 nm.Scale bar: 5 µm. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4324492_fig4_357377.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC). Early phase ICGA shows minimal choroidal signs (a). Diffuse late phase mottled hypofluorescence in the posterior pole (b) corresponds to hyperautofluorescence in FAF (c). An extensive disruption of IS/OS layer is evident on OCT images (Figure 4(d)). There was a resolution of acute findings after treatment (e, f, g). |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3607713_Fig4_194353.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Roentgenograms and MRI for case 4. The images show that the lunate has not collapsed, and that the lunate intensity is recovered on MRI. The upper panels show anteroposterior views on the roentgenograms, the middle panels show lateral views on the roentgenograms, and the lower panels show PDW images on MRI. The preoperative images are shown on the left, together with the 1.5-, 2-, 3-, 7-, and 10-year postoperative images |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4190977_fig8_326609.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Radiographic views of Case 3. CBCT images at (a, c) pretreatment and (b, d) 6 months postoperatively. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3128610_pone-0021749-g004_101311.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | NafA regulates bacterial piliation.Piliation of the wild-type strain (A) and the ΔNafA strain (B, C) was analyzed by transmission electron microscope after negative staining. White arrows mark membrane blebs and black arrows mark pili. Arrowheads in panel B and C indicate thick bundled pilus structures. The inset in panel B shows a higher magnification of the boxed area, which displays the bundled pili. An overview of the ΔNafA strain piliation is shown in panel C. Black scale bars show 0.5 µm and white scale bars 50 nm. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3682185_f0005_211311.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | (A) sagittal slice from a T2W MRI sequence showing the inferior limit of the intracranial volume at the foramen magnum (orange). (B) identification of the inferior boundary using the upper edge of the supraorbital ridge (blue). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3919924_f2-ol-07-03-0781_266064.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT of a 14-year-old female patient showing a round soft tissue mass invading the deep lobe. The unclear margin between the sternocleidomastoid and the mass was more apparent following CT enhancement. CT, computed tomography. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3702701_f2-etm-05-06-1671_216042.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | H&E staining on the sixth week after balloon injury (magnification, ×200). (A) Control group. (B) Injury group demonstrated a large number of neointimal formation and contractile remodeling of blood vessels, as well as aggravated vascular stenosis compared with the second week group. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1541.jpg | What is present? | retroperitoneal liposarcoma |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_18185.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | MRI showing a large central necrotic fibroid. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4190049_fig1_326233.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI of the neck: (a) T2WI axial section and (b) T2WI coronal section T2 hyperintensities are observed in the bilateral neck muscles, predominantly in the left pharyngeal constrictor muscles (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1260015_F6_3498.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Group of low grade Urothelial tumour cells obtained after centrifugation and smearing. Papanicolaou stain, x 400. |
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