image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/subfolder_4/PMC4621037_pone.0141153.g003_437590.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Residual tumor tissue detected by [18F]FET-PET—Follow-up. Patient #18. A,B: sagittal slices. C,D: axial slices. A: Pre-operative PET showing focal uptake in the right parietal lobe. B: Suspicious uptake in the cranial border of the resection cavity 48h and C: 4 months after resection, consistent with vital tumor. D: Corresponding MRI 4 months after resection corroborating the PET finding. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_72953.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Contrast CT scan of the Left Renal Cell Carcinoma revealing a 10 × 8 cm intensely enhancing heterogeneous mass arising from the upper pole. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3797288_f1-etm-06-04-0961_237812.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | A 59-year-old male with recurrent chest stuffiness in the chest for 1 month. (A) CT-VR; (B) DSA-CAG, a moderate stenosis in the proximal end of the LAD, showing the consistency between the two approaches; (C) short-axis position of the left ventricle at the end of diastasis; (D) short-axis position of the left ventricle at the end of systole; (E) VR of the ventricular volume at the end of diastasis based on cardiac function analysis; (F) VR of ventricular volume at the end of systole. CT-VR, computed tomography-volume render; DSA-CAG, digital subtraction angiography-coronary angiography; LAD, left anterior descending artery; VR, volume render. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qf1etf0832exgc96op.jpg | Have all polyps been removed? | No |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3280283_pone-0031073-g001_125917.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Infusion of 192-saporin results in lesioning of cholinergic neurons.Photomicrographs (50× magnification) of MS region immunostained with anti-ChAT antibody in (A) a saline infused rat and (B) in a rat infused with 192-saporin. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3881054_f3-etm-07-02-0335_256544.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining images of the liver. (A) Sham group (magnification, ×100); (B) Shock group (magnification, ×100); (C) Ringer’s lactate (RL) resuscitation group (magnification, ×100); (D) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) resuscitation group (magnification, ×100); (E) autologous blood resuscitation (BL) group (magnification, ×100). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic55233.jpg | what organ systems can be evaluated with this mri? | skull and contents |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3200343_pone-0026577-g004_113039.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | A representative animal of collateral poor NHP (2 hour occlusion of MCA).Axial (A) and coronal (B) MRI FLAIR at day 3 demonstrate extensive high intensity areas located in the left MCA territory. Axial (C) and coronal (D) image of MRI T2WI at 1-year post-stroke demonstrated that high intensity areas remained. Gross brain anatomy revealed obvious lesion on the lateral surface of the brain 1 year after stroke (E, F). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4433235_pone.0126822.g004_386775.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Confocal laser scanning microcopy images of female S. japonicum from unisexual infections cultured in vitro.Females before cultivation (A, B), females cultured for 21 days in medium RPMI-1640 without RBCs (C, D) or with RBCs (E, F). Ov, ovary; IO, immature oocyte; MO, mature oocyte; Vt, vitelline cells. (A) Ovary containing numerous immature oocytes. (B) Undeveloped vitelline gland. (C) Ovary with immature oocytes. (D) Immature vitelline cells. (E) Enlarged ovary with mature oocytes. (F) Mature vitelline cells. Scale bar, 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3532292_F1_175665.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Pelvic ultrasonography images showing absence of the uterus, and the presence of both ovaries. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3058083_F7_90264.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Expression patterns of candidate genes from the Schmidtea mediterranea traces database. Expression in whole mount in situ hybridization of different genes in (1) control and (2) 75 Gy irradiated planarians 6 days after irradiation. A, chaperonin containing TCP1 theta subunit homolog; B, splicing factor 3b subunit 1 homolog; C, TNF receptor-associated factor homolog; D, similar to pol polyprotein; E, unknown protein; F, lectin-like homolog. F.3 shows a higher magnification view of a transverse section from F.2 (dashed line), where the two posterior gut branches were labeled. Scale bars: 250 μm in panels A.1 to F.2 and 100 μm in panel F.3. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4312120_fig01_354121.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Staining pattern of p53 in gastric cancer. (A) Positive case. Staining of p53 is seen in the nuclei (magnification, 400×). (B) Negative case. No staining of p53 is seen in the nuclei (magnification, 400×). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4633612_f2_441309.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | (A) TEM observation of mesoporous gold sponges; (B) SAED pattern of mesoporous gold sponges; (C) EDX of mesoporous gold sponges; (D–F) HRTEM images for mesoporous gold sponges. Lattice fringes are indicated with respective d-spacing symbols and some grain boundaries with arrow pairs. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3014814_f04_82916.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Comparison of morphology of UV and H2O2 treated Bombyx mori cells. The numbers at the top of the panels show the time stage of the B. mori cell culture after-stimulation. The black arrow indicates typical morphology of the cell in the relevant stage. (A) shows normal B. mori cells. (B–D) show UV treated cells. (E–G) show H2O2 treated cells. The photos were taken at 200× magnification. High quality figures are available online. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_68170.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Same foot as in Figure 7. MRI sagittal STIR-sequence shows regression of bone marrow edema (white arrows) and soft tissue edema. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3248156_F2_120535.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Expression of FACT and proliferation marker Ki67 in intestineImmunohistochemical staining of a section of small intestine with antibodies against SSRP1, SPT16 and Ki67. Blue arrows show Ki67 negative cells at the bottom of a crypt. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_2147.jpg | What does this image show? | cystic fibrosis |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_1083.jpg | Does this image show x-ray left side angiogram? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4292810_Fig1_350228.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
Investigations conducted at presentation. (A) Fundoscopic examination showing advanced glaucomatous excavation bilaterally. (B) Optical coherence tomography report demonstrating asymmetric RNFL thinning more pronounced in the right eye. (C) Left eye pattern deviation plot from standard automated perimetry. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4578050_f4-etm-0-0-2684_425402.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Overexpression of EBP50 inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. (A-C) Representative data of SW1990 cells: (A) SW1990; (B) HA-SW1990 and; (C) EBP50-SW1990 cells. (D and E) Representative data of PANC-1 cells: (D) PANC-1; (F) HA- PANC-1 and; (F) EBP50- PANC-1 cells. Magnification, x200. EBP50, ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50; HA-SW1990, SW1990 cells transfected with pBK-CMV-HA empty vector; EBP50-SW1990, SW1990 cells transfected with pBK-CMV-HV-EBP50. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4010476_pone-0096610-g004_286030.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Expression of differentiation-associated genes is associated with differentiation stage in ESCC.Immunohistochemistry showed expression pattern of c-Jun and differentiation-associated genes in ESCC. A similar pattern of c-jun, cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 immunoreactivity was observed. These proteins were highly expressed in the intermediate and superficial layers in normal epithelium. c-Jun was displayed both cytoplasmic and nuclei localization in normal epithelium, whereas it was located in the cytoplasm in the tumor nest. cystatin A, involucrin and SPRR3 were predominantly localized in well-differentiation ESCC, but weakly expressed in moderately and poorly differentiated ESCC. N: nontumor tissue; W: well-differentiated ESCC; M: moderately differentiated ESCC; P: poorly differentiated ESCC. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3749436_F1_226011.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | OVA-epicutaneous sensitization leads to epidermal thickening and inflammation. (A) WT and K14-Act mice were treated with vehicle (Ctl) or OVA. Skin biopsies were stained for H&E (20× objective). (B) Epidermal thickness (7–10 animals per group, five to seven fields per animal) in micrometer was measured on H&E-stained biopsies from the four experimental groups using a scaled ocular lens on a light microscope. Mean values are represented as fold of the mean value of WT vehicle group (Ctl) ± SEM. Statistical differences were calculated with the Mann–Whitney U-test (p < 0.05*, p < 0.001***). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2740088_fig-001_45306.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Preoperative CT scan showing acute intestinal obstruction with small bowel dilatation (arrow points towards the mass caused by the inflammation of the appendices epiploic). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC2653474_F4_35707.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | In situ hybridization analysis of mClca1/2 expression in E17 mouse embryo. Dark-field emulsion autoradiograph depicting whole embryo is shown in A. Hematoxylin-eosin stained bright-field images (B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, S, U, W) and corresponding dark-field emulsion autoradiographs (C, E, G, I, K, M, O, R, T, V, X) taken at 100× magnification, corresponding to various parts of the embryo are shown. Abbreviations: di-diencephalon; fv-follicles of vibrissae; he-heart; in-intestine; li-liver; lu-lung; oe-olfactory epithelium; on-optic nerve; sg-submandibular gland; sk-skin; tr-trachea; tri-trigeminal nerve; ur-urethra; ve-vertebrae. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_20270.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Abdominal X-ray. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4320425_F2_356294.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Different configurations of the retromolar canal observed on CBCT scan. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3903465_pone-0081344-g002_261552.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Confocal microscopic analysis of renal biopsy in active Class IV LN patient before IVMP pulse therapy.(a) Specimen was stained for CD8, FoxP3, and 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (nuclear stain). White arrows indicate CD8+FoxP3+ cells. (b) (c) right CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+FoxP3+Treg cell expression significantly decreased before IVMP pulse therapy in renal tissue of Class IV LN (n = 50) FoxP3+ (brown); CD4+ or CD8+ (pink). (b) (c) left CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+FoxP3+ Treg cell expression significantly increased after IVMP pulse therapy in renal tissue of follow-up biopsies in Fig. 2a patient. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4359933_F5_367798.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Photomicrographs of TUNEL staining on representative liver and spleen sections infected with L. major at 90 and 120 days. Arrows indicate intact cells and interrupted arrows indicate TUNEL-positive cells (400× magnification). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4629595_F1_439828.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Multilobular Tumor of Bone. Gross (left) and radiologic (right) appearance of the tumor. Radiography shows the dorsoventral projection of the skull and zygomatic area with the mass (arrows). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3976260_pone-0092211-g002_278910.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Manual measurement method.T2-weighted (A) and b1000 DW (B) images, and corresponding ADC map (C and D). An esophageal tumor can be depicted as thickening of the esophageal wall (arrow in (A) with high signal intensity on the corresponding b1000 DW image (arrow in B) and low signal intensity on the corresponding ADC map (arrow in C). An ROI was manually drawn in the tumor on the ADC map (red circular region in D) to calculate the tumor ADC value. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC2366066_pone-0002147-g002_21827.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Post-mortem neuropathological findings in Patient D.A: Spongiform changes in the frontal cortex with numerous ballooned neurons (H&E, original magnification 100×); Inserts: Immunohistochemistry of ballooned neurons (αB-Crystalline; 20× and 200×). B: Status spongiosus in the occipital cortex (H&E, 100×). C: Cerebellar cortex with moderate spongiform changes of the molecular layer and severe degeneration of the granular cell layer (H&E, 20×). D–F: Immunohistochemistry with an antibody against PrP (L42) shows a synaptic pattern of PrPSc deposition. D: Frontal cortex (40×), E: Retina (400×). F: Cerebellar cortex (20×). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4133756_F1_313674.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Representative post-mortem histopathology findings in H & E stained brain sections from (i) wild-type and (ii) IFN-γ−/− C57BL/6 mice on day 6 post-inoculation with 1 × 106 PbA-PRBC. As no difference was evident between uninfected mice and infected IFN-γ−/− mice, only the latter are shown. (A) Olfactory bulb; (B) Meningeal vessel; (C) Cerebellum. The brains of PbA-infected w/type mice showed hemorrhage and leukocyte adhesion to the cerebral vasculature (arrows), whereas no pathological findings were evident in any IFN-γ−/− mouse. In this and later Figures (where appropriate) the work was carried out according to national and State legislation on animal experimentation, with approval from the University of Sydney Animal Ethics Committee. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC4407356_Fig1_380146.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Clinical and MRI features of LEOPARD syndrome presenting with hypertrophic plexi and neuropathic pain. Patient with LEOPARD syndrome showing multiple cutaneous lentigines (A and C: trunk, B: palms) and café-au-lait spots, on the upper buttock (D). Spinal MRI showing hyperthrophy of the cervico-brachial (E) and lumbo-sacral (F) plexi. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2709650_F1_41501.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | [A] Low grade urothelial carcinoma cytology (Papanicolaou stain ×200), [B] Positive Immunocyt/uCyt test (red fluorescence × 200), [C] CK20 immunocytochemistry (×200), [D] Biopsy (HE × 200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3382129_pone-0039636-g003_142439.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | SPG stimulation in the RB-treated cortex.A, Brain surface images in a typical experiment before (left), and after (middle) photothrombosis and during SPG stimulation (2 mA, 500 µs, right). Note vasodilation and reperfusion of the thrombosed vessels (circled). B, Laser-Doppler recording in the same experiment as in (A), showing reduced rCBF during photothrombosis, which was partially reversible during SPG stimulation. C, Fluorescent angiography from a different rat before (left), after photothrombosis (middle) and during SPG stimulation (2 mA, 500 µs, right). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33781.jpg | what organ is this image of? | skull and contents |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qb1em30832htfmeuwi.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_33206.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | IOPA showing stainless steel crown on molars |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_60637.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | The 18F-FDG PET scan demonstrated hypermetabolic areas at the peripheral consolidation (SUV 7.4) and the apical cavitary mass (SUV 12.8) of the right upper lobe. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3420509_fig1_150151.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Top view three-dimensional computed tomography scan shows absent left circumflex artery in the atrioventricular groove (arrowed heads) with single left anterior descending artery (thick arrows) and prominent diagonal branches (thin arrows). |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3656030_pone-0063388-g001_205023.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | MIYAIRI 588 prevents progression of CDAA diet-induced liver steatosis to tumorigenesis.Each group was investigated at 8, 16, and 50 weeks after completion of the diet regimen. MIYAIRI 588 was administered after CDAA diet feeding for 2 weeks. To confirm that the feeding of the CDAA diet caused the liver steatosis, the groups administered CSAA and CDAA were examined at 2 weeks after the commencement of this experiment. (A) Macroscopic histomorphology and (B) hematoxylin and eosin staining for microscopic histopathology were performed at the indicated time periods. Data are representative of 6 individual liver sections. Original magnification, ×25. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/inside_spleen/train_2068.jpg | Is chronic ischemia present? | no |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1820784_F2_9999.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Hematoxylin-eosin staining (100× magnification) showing poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, suggesting malignant carcinomatous changes in the recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Nuclear atypia and prominent mitosis are noted. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3435386_pone-0042248-g004_153546.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Presence of Ang4, goblet cells and Paneth cell granules in the small and large intestine.A; Ang4 immunohistochemical staining in colonic tissue from C57Bl/6 mice, original magnification ×400. B; Periodic acid/Schiff staining for goblet cells in a serial colonic tissue section from C57Bl/6 mice, original magnification ×400. Philoxine B/tartrazine staining for Paneth cell granules in naïve small intestine (C), and large intestine d21 p.i. with T. muris (D). Arrowhead indicates Paneth cell granules, original magnification ×400. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4071841_F3_301417.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Confocal laser scanning microscopy showing the simultaneous localization of TIP3-GFP and the ER network in barley endosperm. (A) In the aleurone, CH-SEC61 localized to the ER network including the nuclear envelope (arrowhead) and was distinct from TIP3-GFP-labelled PSVs; red spherical signal within TIP3-GFP-positive PSVs represents the autofluorescence of the globoid inclusion. (B) In young undifferentiated endosperm (<8 DAP), TIP3-GFP already strongly labelled PSVs in close proximity to the ER network labelled with ER-Tracker Red (circles), including the nuclear envelope (arrowhead). (C) Internal endosperm at 8 DAP showed that CH-SEC61 was localized on the nuclear envelope (arrowhead) and small spherical structures, possibly protein bodies (arrow). Bars, 5 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvr9150074y1gfae1xg.jpg | Where in the image is the abnormality? | Center, Upper-left, Upper-right, Lower-left, Lower-right, Center-left, Center-right, Upper-center, Lower-center |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic30275.jpg | what is most alarming about this mri? | arnold-chiari malformations |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2914775_F1_70584.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | A. SICUS assessment of ileo-colonic anastomosis. Calipers indicate thickness of ileal (up) (1.9 mm) and colonic (down) (1.2 mm) limbs. Arrowhead indicates colon, arrow indicates neo-terminal ileum. B. SICUS assessment of ileo-colonic anastomosis and neo-terminal ileum. CD intramural involvement of ileo-colonic anastomosis (thickness 10 mm see arrows) and neo-terminal ileum (extending for 8 cm, see arrowhead). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3548100_Fig2_179845.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Epifluorescence observation for fixed CHO-K1 cells stained with PI and DAPI. Magnification ×20. Images of cells, taken on Zeiss Axioimager microscope, stained with DAPI (first column), PI (second column) and the combined image for the two dyes (last column). Arrows show the dead cells with condensed nucleus with the PI staining |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3676995_fig2_210027.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Abdominal X-ray showing dilatation of the small and large bowel loops. The arrow shows the stop at colon level. Displacement of the gravid uterus to the right is clearly seen. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_brain/train_0174.jpg | Is the tumour firm and fibrous? | no |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3836902_pone-0079432-g001_245517.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Effect of Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infection on gross morphology.H&E staining in the paraffin-embedded sections prepared from the distal colons of uninfected normal (N) and CR infected (days 3–19) C57Bl/6 (A) and Tlr4−/− (C) mice, respectively. Scale bar, 100 µm. Crypt hyperplasia as measured by Ki-67 staining. Immunohistochemical labeling of Ki-67 as a marker of proliferation in paraffin-embedded sections prepared from the distal colons of uninfected normal (N) and CR-infected (days 3–19) C57Bl/6 (B) and Tlr4−/− (D) mice, respectively. Percentages represent percent cells positive for Ki-67. Scale bar = 100 µm (n = 3 independent experiments). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4439086_pone.0127691.g002_388417.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Histological analysis of horn buds and frontal skin from wild type fetuses (gd 115 and 140).(A-D): Horn buds with multiple layers of vacuolated keratinocytes. Note the absence of hair follicles below the horn bud in (A-D). (A) and (C): Note thick nerve bundles in the dermis below the horn bud (black stars). (B) and (D): Represent magnifications (A) and (C). (E-H): Frontal skin. (E) and (G): Note the absence of thick nerve bundles in the dermis. (F) and (H) represent magnifications of (E) and (G). Haematoxylin and eosin. Gd = gestation days, ep = epidermis, de = dermis, hf = hair follicles. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4608103_Fig2_434040.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | The computerized tomography (CT) image before surgery and surgical specimens of case 3 and case 4. a, b CT image of case 3, c, d CT image of case 4; the red arrows show the bladders are invaded by tumor; the white arrows show the air bubbles in the bladder because of rectovesical fistula; e, f the specimen of case 3, g, h the specimen of case 4 (the black arrows show the same results to the radiographic results) |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_27364.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Follow-up angiography after one year showed AVM was obliterated without a residual AVM or any other abnormal vessels |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC3806764_pone-0078305-g001_239078.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Comparison of short-axis MR images with TTC staining.Example of 3D, 2D images and TTC staining obtained from the same pig 4 weeks post MI. It showed good agreement in depiction of the extent of myocardial scar, and the borders of hyperenhanced regions were much clearer on 3D images (arrows). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_11257.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sagittal T1-weighted MRI demonstrating a small posterior fossa with a low-lying tentorial attachment posteriorly. The tectum is beaked (white arrow) and partial corpus callosum agenesis is present. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4619512_Fig10_436837.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Comparisons among seeding methods for image enhancement. The results of global threshold method lose the contrast information between center and edge; The results of LoG threshold method extend the center region exorbitantly; The results of SVF seeding method can enhance the original volume properly |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3905849_gkt806-F3_262399.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Optochemical activation of Eg5 siRNA in HeLa cells. HeLa cells were transfected with caged and non-caged siRNAs (40 pmol). The cells were irradiated (5 min, 25 W, 365 nm) and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 48 h. (A–G) The cells were fixed and stained with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). The cells were imaged on a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope using a 40× oil objective and Alexa Fluor 488 and DAPI-specific lasers (488 nm multiline argon and 405 nm diode). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic15996.jpg | what organ is this image of? | gastrointestinal |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3914248_fig1_264243.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Light microscopy. Adjacent efferent arteriole with significant deposits of amorphous eosinophilic material; glomerulus with same limited and segmental deposits in its wall; interstitium with the same deposits. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0kvxvc90go074y4erzha8j.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 0 |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2893126_F12_67661.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Final cephalogram of case 1. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3818213_pone-0079759-g008_241179.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image | Electron micrographs of HI Bdellovibrio showing the presence and absence of cell surface structures.Representative electron micrographs of cells stained with 2% PTA pH7.0 to show long straight pili structures. A) An example of a HID22 (bd0108∆42bp) cell showing a pilus greater than 1 µm that occurred in 15% of the isolates. Average representatives of HID22 cells (B), and of a HI strain containing a wild-type bd0108 gene (C). The Δbd0108 markerless deletion strain showing no pilus-like structures (D). E) A table showing 4 HI isolates and their average presence/absence and length of pili. Scale bars = 500 nm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4490611_Fig3_402653.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | Computed tomography scans postoperative day 3 (A) showing the presence of the surgical clip at the level of the right anterior cerebral artery. Computed tomography scans postoperative day 7 (B) demonstrating right frontobasal hypodensity area – as per subacute ischemic stroke – and progressive resorption of the subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography 1-month follow up (C) showing the regular perfusion of the areas normally supplied by the Circle of Willis. Three-months angiogram (D) highlighting the correct positioning of the clip, with regular perfusion of both right and left anterior postcommunicating cerebral arteries by the left carotid circulation. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3485087_F1_162777.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (OctreoScan®) of the patient: single-photon emission computed tomography was performed 3 hours after injection of 200MBq111In-pentetreotide and showed a focal uptake at the junction between the head and the body of the pancreas. MIP 3D; Maximum intensity projection, three dimensional. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4356356_f2-ol-09-04-1699_366422.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Expression pattern of CA9 and GLUT1 immunostaining: (A) Perinecrotic CA9 expression in MFH (magnification, ×40); (B) diffuse CA9 expression in LMS (magnification, ×40); (C) perinecrotic GLUT1 expression in MFH (magnification, ×40) and (D) diffuse GLUT1 expression in LMS (magnification, ×40). CA9, carbonic anhydrase 9; GLUT1, glucose transporter-1; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; LMS, leiomyosarcoma. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3296764_pone-0033022-g008_128808.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | The FIB-SEM showed all mutants to have variable degrees of aberration in ER morphology.Left column shows orthoslices representing central slices through the volume. 3D reconstructions of the ER in indicated strains were generated from data collected by serial 3–10 nm cuts of each sample through the cell. ER and nuclei were psuedo-colored with green and blue color, respectively. The FIB-SEM picture of H99 was taken at different angle from the orthoslice to have a clearer view of the ER structure. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4481125_Fig1_400009.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Illustration of our fully automated computer algorithm for quantifying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and fibroglandular tissue (FGT). Representative 2D and 3D tissue segmentations in selected breast MRI scans are shown. a A breast MRI slice of the T1-weighted sequence. b Segmentation of the whole breast (red contour) and FGT (green contour). c 3D display of FGT (green) relative to the whole breast (red). d This dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI subtraction (SUB) image corresponds to the T1 slice shown in (a). e BPE (purple contour) estimated over the FGT area in the SUB image. f 3D display of BPE (purple), FGT (green), and whole breast (red) |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4301905_Fig2_351958.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented |
Immunohistochemical stains for MICA/MICB, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3, RAET1E, and RAET1G on tissue microarrays. All photos are at the same magnification. Bar: 50 μm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_01436.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Orthopantomogram showing interdental bone loss between second premolar and first molar |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4504632_F2_406694.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | A, CT scan (axial view) showing 2 of the needles placed at the ends of the tumor. B, CT scan (coronal view) showing the 6 needles placed at the edge of the tumor (arrows). C, CT scan 3D (superior view) showing the 6 needles placed. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1pu1e330832d2263hab.jpg | What is the size of the polyp? | < 5mm |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic24733.jpg | in what plane is this image taken? | pa |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3430213_f6-ijms-13-07938_152133.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | The fractured morphology of pure PLA (a) and PLA/stearate-Zn3Al LDH nanocomposites with (b) 1.0, (c) 3.0, and (d) 5.0 wt % stearate-Zn3Al LDH content. (Magnification is 2500 k). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3202781_toxins-01-00173-f003_113306.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | GFP fluorescence of D. septosporum transformed with dotC-gfp (a, b) or dotA-gfp (c, d). Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) images on the left (a and c) are combined 0.2 μm Z-stacks. Images on the right (b and d) are single-layer snapshots, with vertical cross-section profiles illustrated on the right. White arrows indicate intracellular vesicles/vacuoles showing GFP-fluorescence. Vesicles in (c) are very small. Scale bar = 20 μm. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz5dosg086u1bf28rey.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4585035_F6_427421.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Scanning electron micrographs of S. aureus(A–C), B. subtilis(D–F), and (G–J) cells: control (A,D,G), treated with D-limonene organogel-nanoemulsion (B,E,H), treated with D-limonene organogel-nanoemulsion with nisin (C,F,I), and E.coli treated with organogel-nanoemulsion with nisin (J), at MIC value for 3 h (magnification × 30,000 or 50,000). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3608695_pone-0059536-g003_194823.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Ultrasound-guided intratumoral injection of treatment agents.A. The xenografts were visualized by ultrasound and either VSV (1.05×107 pfu) dissolved in 25 µl PBS or PBS alone was injected through a 30G needle into the center of the tumor. B. 48 h after injection of VSV, all xenograft tumors showed positive staining for VSV-G around the injection site which correlated to TUNEL staining. C. VSV-G and TUNEL staining were negative after PBS injection alone. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2004.jpg | Does cm show atn acute tubular necrosis? | no |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glds49v071u08w57r94.jpg | Is there a green/black box artefact? | No |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3016406_F1_83156.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | Morphological changes in hybrid poplar suspension-cultured cells treated with TA and habituated to TA. A-D Confocal microscopy imaging of hybrid poplar cells stained with fluorescein diacetate: A treated with methanol for 24 h; B treated with TA (1.0 μM) for 24 h; C habituated to 1.7 μM TA; D TA(-)hab cells. Bar = 50 μm. E-L Electron microscopy imaging of 5-day-old non-habituated hybrid poplar cells (E and I) and 5-day-old TA(-)hab cells (F-H, J-L). n = nucleus; cw = cell wall; v = vacuole. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1785.jpg | Does this image show parathyroid, normal? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3679835_F3_210727.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Visualization of mild retinal vasculitis, an uncommon finding in sympathetic ophthalmia. (A) Fluorescein angiogram of a sympathetic ophthalmia retina shows mild vascular leakage revealing retinal vasculitis (arrows). (B) Histopathology confirms retinal vasculitis with lymphocytes (arrows) alongside the vessel wall. Hematoxylin & eosin; original magnification, ×400. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4348649_f2_363826.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Tracking individual alveoli in the lung base.(a) Schematic of overall lung movement. (b) Representative microradiographs of the lower left lung base (black box of (a)) of a mouse during one normal inspiration (200 ms)-expiration (400 ms) cycle (0, 200, 400, and 600 ms from the left). (c) The magnified regions correspond to blue boxes in (b). Three trackable alveoli (red, orange and blue dashed circles) are demonstrated. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3324167_fig2_133501.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | (A) Infrared image, obtained with OCT Spectralis, Heidelberg tomography, shows a prominent retinal fold in the right eye. (B) SD-OCT, vertical scan line of the lesion that shows a high reflectivity of the internal retinal layers with an area of low-absent reflectivity below which are not allowed the visualizations of the external retinal layers. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3088005_F0002_94552.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Patient 1: A and B: Contrast enhanced axial T1-weighted MRI following the ventriculoperitoneal shunt revision showed the uniformly enhancing infiltrative lesion occupying the posterior third ventricular region and the quadrigeminal cistern. C: T2-weighted axial image showing the lesion to be heterogeneously iso- to hyperintense. D: Sagittal contrast enhanced T1 image showing the lesion occupying the third ventricle along the internal cerebral vein almost reaching upto the foramen of Monro. E: The coronal-enhanced T1 image showing the vertical extent of the lesion from the foramen of Monro to the midbrain. F: The diffusion-weighted image showing restriction of diffusion within the lesion. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzgdp4s086u4z2l0rdj.jpg | Is there text? | Yes |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_brain/train_2367.jpg | Does this image show brain, infarcts, hypotension? | yes |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2749060_F1_46693.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Follistatin representative microscopic views of: mRNA expression (A, C, E, G, I) as detected by in situ hybridization (ISH); and protein expression (B, D, F, H, J) as identified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for normal breast (NB), florid hyperplasia (FH), fibroadenoma (FIB), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). FST staining was detected in the epithelial cytoplasm (arrow) and nucleus (arrowhead) in the normal, benign and malignant breast tissue, with a stronger staining in the FIB peri-alveolar stromal cells. Negative controls were performed omitting anti-Dig antibody; Dig-labelled probe and anti-Dig antibody for ISH (K) and omitting the primary antibody for IHC (L). Bar 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3827430_pone-0080647-g006_243038.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Foreign-body reaction of the different meshes.Immunohistochemical labelling of rabbit macrophages (arrows) using the RAM-11 monoclonal antibody (200x) (top panel). Positive cell percentages recorded after 14 and 90 days of implant (bottom panel). Results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *, p<0.01 and #, p<0.001 vs. VentralightTM at 14 days; |, p<0.01 and †, p<0.001 vs. VentralightTM at 90 days; ‡, p<0.05 vs. Bard meshTM at 90 days. Prosthetic filaments (F), polyglecaprone film (*). PhysiomeshTM (Phy), new composite mesh (NCM), VentralightTM (VL). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4489525_F3_402192.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | MR images of the brains of two separate mice held using the stereotactic system. As shown the brains are at the same locations |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4640115_f2_442756.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | 3D reconstructions of a Ag-Au nanoclusters.Reconstruction showing structure (a) and composition (b) of the cluster. For each reconstruction, a volume-rendered 3D view and three orthogonal 0.23 Å-thick slices through the reconstruction are shown. Scale bars, 2 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_19185.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Sagittal computed tomography scan obtained 6 months postoperatively showing union of the posterior subtalar joint and incorportation of the bone grafts. Two large cannulated, 7.5-mm screws were used. The horizontally placed screw fixed the talar head, the other screw the talar body. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2474572_F3_25481.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Specific activation by true acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture. Activation regions shown by fMRI signals associated with true acupuncture were compared to those from sham acupuncture. Panel 3a: sagittal, coronal and axial view (respectively) of activation in the insula and adjacent operculi. Panel 3b: Correlation of saliva production with ROI volumes. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3394787_pone-0040070-g003_144658.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The diabetic NTS shows a lower NPY immunoreactivity in comparison to the control NTS.Panels A and B represent the levels II and III of the brainstem, respectively. Boxed areas are reproduced at higher magnification in the correspondent right columns of each panel. Note that these results are in contrast to what has been observed in the ARC. Scale bar = 500 µm in the left columns; = 200 µm in the right columns. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_16799.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Cropped orthopantomograph - Tooth 18, 28 in stage A and 38, 48 in stage B |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC2856688_pone-0010246-g004_62469.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Enzymatic passaging, freezing and thawing of hESC in RegES medium.
A) Bright-field (scale bar, 500 µm) microscopic images showing undifferentiated colony morphology of hESC line 08/013 (p40) cultured in RegES medium and passaged with a single-cell dissociation method for 6 passages. B) Bright-field (scale bar, 500 µm) microscopic image showing undifferentiated colony morphology of hESC line 07/046 (p33) after freezing and subsequent thawing in RegES medium at passage 1. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC2566808_pone-0003504-g004_28751.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Effects of dominant-negative Glued on dendritic protein targeting.Larval MBs expressing various dendritic markers, including Dscam[TM1] (A and B), Rdl-HA (C and D) and Nod-β-gal (E and F), in the absence or presence of dominant-negative Glued. Note that dominant-negative Glued selectively affected the somatodendritic distribution of Dscam[TM1]::GFP (compare B to A), and that mislocalized Dscam[TM1]::GFP preferentially accumulated at the ends of lobes (arrows). The calyx regions were outlined by dashed lines. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4314733_Fig1_354702.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. |
A 27-year-old man sustained a fall from ground level. (A) lateral x-ray shows burst fracture of L2. (B) MRI shows the burst fracture and canal compromise. (C) lateral x-ray and 3D-CT (D) show excellent alignment with the rods and screws in place. |
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