image stringlengths 37 84 | question stringlengths 9 255 | answer stringlengths 1 1.79k |
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splits/sfolder_1/PMC4034767_fig2_291908.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | The pathological picture of normal control group (a), model control group (b), CTX group (c), and FZFA + CTX group (d). Lung tissues were fixed, sectioned at 4 μm thickness, stained with H&E solution, and observed under a microscope of 200 magnifications. White arrows indicate inflammatory cells and black arrows indicate the cancer cells. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2720.jpg | What is present ? | Cardiovascular |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3686605_F2_212104.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | In case 6, a sliding hernia was identified under endoscopy (A), which was considered as the cause of the patient’s GER and then the asthmatic symptoms. This anatomical defect was then corrected by laparoscopic repair of the HH with LF (B). Although her respiratory symptoms was significantly relieved, the remaining cough was still evident, an additional anti-reflux SRF was conducted (C &D), which finally cleared her cough. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4529988_Fig10_413354.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Patent Ductus Arteriosus. a Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiogram in the sagittal plane demonstrates a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, arrow) communicating between the proximal descending aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA). b
In-plane PC-CMR shows flow from the aorta into the PA via the PDA |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2906155_fig2_69163.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Immunohistochemical studies on Fut8, GnT-V, and GPC3 in thyroid cancer. The staining of Fut8 was located in the Golgi apparatus, while GnT-V staining was observed throughout a cell. Staining of GPC3 was heterogeneous and showed a membrane pattern. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_kidney/train_0116.jpg | What does the cortex show? | characteristic 'flea bitten kidney ' |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4498239_Fig3_404968.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Micro-CT scan of the right temporal bone at 22 Hbd (horizontal section). a
asc anterior semicircular canal, c cochlea, ds dorsum sellae, mcf middle cranial fossa, v vestibule. FC1w1, FC1w2, IAM—parameters described in the text and Table 1. b
ba basilar portion of the occipital bone, c cochlea, inc incus, m malleus, mcf middle cranial fossa, lsc lateral semicircular canal, tc tympanic cavity, v vestibule. FC2w1, FC2w2—parameters described in the text and Table 1
|
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1835.jpg | Is endocrine present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3775801_pone-0074712-g002_232070.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Example of the CWS microperimetric abnormality demonstrating long term-damage.Left Panel: Microperimetry examination overlaid on color fundus photograph, at the area of the previous cotton wool spot. An intraretinal hemorrhage is present superotemporal to the macula and a CWS is inferior to the optic nerve.Middle Panel: Enlarged image of microperimetry overlay showing sensitivity values in dB over the area of CWS shows decreased sensitivity (lower numbers in violet) over the area of previous cotton wool spot demonstrating long-term damage.Right Panel: Color photograph of the retina of the same eye with a dot hemorrhage superotemporal to the macula and fading cotton wool spot. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4489354_Fig2_402169.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | The features of cerebral MRI. MRI showed multiple abnormal patchy signals with marked enhancement in bilateral cerebellopontine angle cistern (a, b, arrow), quadrigeminal cistern (c, arrow), bilateral cerebellum (d, arrow), cerebral hemisphere (e, arrow), and upper cervical cord surface (f, arrow). SWI showed the hemorrhagic lesion located at the in-depth of left calcarine fissure (g, arrow), which was confirmed by the axial (h, arrow) and coronal (i, arrow) enhanced MR imaging |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4502310_fig2_405997.jpg | Provide a brief description of the given image. | Lugol chromoendoscopy image of many irregularly shaped multiform Lugol-voiding lesions (grade D Lugol-voiding pattern). |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4269211_fig2_345306.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Anterior reconstruction from T12 to L2 using iodine-supported instrumentation. (a) Operative photograph. (Right side is directed cranially, and upper side is directed dorsally.) Postoperative radiographs of the lumbar spine. (b) Lateral view. (c) Anteroposterior view. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2988693_F1_78963.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | a-c: Plain Radiographs of the cervical spine. Antero-posterior-, lateral- and oblique-view radiographs of the cervical spine: A vertical gap of the C5 arch is seen on the antero-posterior-view radiograph (a). On lateral-view (b) slightly incongruent articular pillars of C5 are noted. On an oblique-view radiograph of the right side (c) an enlarged and elongated right C4-C5 neuroforamen with absence of the right C5 pedicle is seen. The opposite lamina projects through this space (arrow). There is also dorsal displacement of the articular pillar (arrowhead). |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4198776_fig3_328387.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Lumbar spine MRI [Axial and sagittal T1-weighted (left top and bottom); axial and sagittal T2-weighted (right top and bottom) images] demonstrates dorsal subdural hematoma (arrows) extending from approximately T11/12 to L4 levels. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2561.jpg | What is present ? | hepatobiliary |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2412852_F1_23956.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Grade 3 colitis with tremelimumab. High magnification images of a biopsy of the colon in patient 1114. Sections from paraffin-embedded tissue were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, and granzyme B by immunohistochemistry using commercially available antibodies. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4245831_Fig2_339526.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details |
Images of
H. parasuis
biofilms obtained by CLSM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of Haemophilus parasuis strains F9, MU21-2, Nagasaki and ER-6P biofilms formed under static conditions in wells of microtiter plates. Biofilms were stained with FilmTracer™ FM 1–43, wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA)-Oregon green 488 (for poly-N-acetyl glucosamine), SYPRO Ruby (for proteins) and BOBO-3 (for eDNA). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3271119_pone-0031175-g003_124459.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Time-lapse imaging of nuclear dynamics following CAT fusion between incompatible strains (tFI01 and tFI04).(A) CAT fusion was established (arrow at 24 h time point) and a germ tube started elongating from the base of the right conidium. Mitosis occurred in the right conidium between 27 and 36 h. (B) Following CAT fusion between uninucleate conidia (24 hrs), mitosis occurred after 2 h (26 h). (C) A nucleus (arrow) has migrated from one conidium to the other to form a heterokaryotic cell. Bar = 10 µm. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3917325_F3_265288.jpg | Walk through the important details of the image | Immunohistochemical staining of syndecan 2 in NETs. (A,D,G,J) Normal tissue from colon (A), lung (D), small intestine (G), and gastric transitional mucosa (J). (B,E,H,K) Well-differentiated NETs from colon (B), lung (E), small intestine (H), and pancreas (K). (C,F,I,L) Poorly differentiated NETs from colon (C), lung (F), stomach (I), and pancreas (L). Syndecan 2 antibody marks normal epithelial cells, namely intracryptic cells, with faint cytoplasmic staining. The marking is enhanced in low degree NETs, decreasing in those NETs with the highest degree of malignancy (neuroendocrine carcinomas). Magnification 200×. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic33734.jpg | what abnormality is seen in the image? | varicocele |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/inside_heart/train_2731.jpg | Where is this? | heart |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3239377_F1_119447.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | HRCT features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. A. Normal aspect of the lung. B. Mild. C. Moderate. D. Severe. A'. US examination of healthy interlobular septa at lung surface level. Note as the pleura is a linear and regular hyperechoic band (arrow). B'-D'. US examinations showing different scores of fibrotic pulmonary involvement: B'. Mild. C'. Moderate. D'. Severe. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4333578_pone.0118100.g006_360182.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Morphotype III: a: MPEF-PV 3341 maxillary tooth lingual and labial view; b: Schematic wrinkling; c: Apical part with denticles; d: Characteristic subcircular pits; e: Carina; f: Denticles in higher magnification; g: Bulge at base. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl4s3u3071u2dfi4v58.jpg | What color is the abnormality? | Pink, Red, White |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC2567305_F1_28832.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | December 2004: Contrast-enhanced axial (A, B), sagittal (C), and coronal (D) T1-weighted MR-images of the brain and sagittal T1- and T2-weighted MR-images (E, F) of the spine showing multiple intracranial metastatic nodules and extensive spinal involvement. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4376714_pone.0121597.g004_372243.jpg | Break down the elements of the image in a detailed manner | The uterine horns were collected from control (Panel A, B) and study bitches (Panel C, D).In Fig. 4C, endometrial hyperplasia, dilated glands, inflammatory cells and haemorrhages in the stroma. In Fig. 4D, dilated gland lined partially by epithelium with vacuolated cytoplasm, lymphocytes within the stroma were present. Microphotographs of uterine horn sections stained with H-E, original magnification 4A, 4C 40x; 4B, 4D 200x. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4005728_ppat-1004096-g008_284962.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Follicular helper T cells infiltrate B cells follicles during the acute phase of L. infantum infection of rhesus macaques but the Tfh response is not sustained until the chronic phase.(A–D) Splenic tissue sections were stained with antibodies against CxCR5 (blue), CD4 (green) and PD-1 (red) and imaged by confocal microscopy. Shown are representative pictures of a naïve animal (A) and at 11 (B), 28 (C) and 250 (D) days after infection. (E) Inset from figure 8C as defined by the white square. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4385325_Fig4_375015.jpg | Provide a detailed description of the given image |
In vivo
validation of the tricistronic vector hNET.2A.FLuc.2A.RQR8 via (a) BLI and (b-e) SPECT/CT. 5 × 106 SupT1/hNET.2A.FLuc.2A.RQR8 were inoculated into the right flank of immunocompromised mice. Regions of interest were drawn around the right flanks and mean luminescence signal intensity was measured (n = 3). (b-d) Maximum intensity projection (MIP) SPECT images and (e) SPECT/CT illustrate 123I-MIBG clearance via renal excretion, with increasing signal in the adrenals, thyroid, salivary glands and tumour (d, e). Percent injected dose (n = 3) of 123I-MIBG within the tumours was determined by drawing 3D regions of interest. Colour bars represent counts per minute with maximum and minimum threshold levels indicated. |
splits/sfolder_1/PMC3935826_pone-0085741-g001_269645.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Lesion frequency maps (axial (left), sagittal (middle) and coronal (right) views) in the hot metal color scale showing the infratentorial (A) and supratentorial (B) T2-weighted lesion distributions in children with RRMS (rows 1 and 3) vs. adults with RRMS (rows 2 and 4), superimposed on the average T2-weighted structural images (in grey scale) for each group. The intensity of each voxel in the overlay represents the group frequency for lesions at each location. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820glis4j7071u8wd17ygy.jpg | How many polyps are in the image? | 0 |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4337257_fig9_361015.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Analysis of microcomputed tomography in the region of the proximal tibia and distal femur after sacrifice. Representative 3D images of (a) tibia and (b) femur. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3351389_pone-0037070-g005_137843.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Morphology and histology of placentas of wild-type, Cul4b heterozygous and absorbed embryos at 14.5 dpc.(A) Representative photographs of placentas of wild-type, Cul4b heterozygous and absorbed embryos at 14.5 dpc. (B) H&E staining of radial sections of placentas. sp, spongiotrophoblast layer; la, labyrinthine layer. Lower panels are the higher magnification of the upper panels. (C) Immunohistochemisty of radial sections of placentas with an antibody to PECAM, an angiogenesis marker. Middle panels are the higher magnification of the upper panels, and lower panels are the higher magnification of the middle panels. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3522706_pone-0051773-g013_173425.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Assessment of caveolar endocytosis by CAV1-and/or cavin-1-expressing parasites.(A) IFA of Toxoplasma coexpressing CAV1-YFP cavin-1-HA immunolabeled with antibodies against HA (cavin-1-HA) and SAG1 (plasma membrane, blue) showing no overlap with the plasma membrane. (B) Assessment of Alexa Fluor 594- CT-B distribution after 30 min-pulse by fluorescence microscopy in cavin-1-HA-expressing parasites (panel a) and CAV1-YFP- and cavin-1-HA-expressing Toxoplasma (panels b and c), showing no internalization of the CT-B regardless of the proximity of the structures containing CAV1 or cavin-1. |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC3332319_Fig1_134624.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | AP and lateral radiograph showing a nonunion after plate fixation of a Monteggia fracture. The plate is not on the tension (=dorsal) side but rather on the medial side. The apex posterior deformity recurred with subluxation of the radial head |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl4s3v3071uf47na29u.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/sfolder_3/PMC4611149_F3_434765.jpg | Offer a thorough analysis of the image | Increased BOLD activity during social > simple truth telling overlaid on an anatomical MRI of a single subject in MNI space. Left: sagittal, coronal, and axial sections centered on the medial prefrontal activation (dashed circle). Right: sagittal, coronal, and axial sections centered on the activation in bilateral anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus (dashed circles). |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwz1doos086ua6d5d4je.jpg | How many instrumnets are in the image? | 1 |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4485496_fig1_400946.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy of the human conjunctiva in glaucoma patients and control group. (Letter A) Basal epithelial cells of conjunctiva, (Letter B) goblet cells, (Letter C) dendritic cells, and (Letter D) subepithelial fibers. (Number 1) Control group, (Number 2) beta-blockers group, (Number 3) alpha adrenergic agonists group, (Number 4) prostaglandin group, and (Number 5) combination therapy group. The scale bar indicates 50 μm. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3623390_fig2_198012.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Manual segmentation of abdominal organs (a) and 3D model of abdominal organs (b) in the supine position. A: anterior, P: posterior, R: right, L: left, T: top, and B: bottom. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC1819384_F5_9957.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Electron microscopy analysis of structure changes in E. coli challenged baboon lung. a: normal architecture of the alveolar septae in healthy baboons; b. accumulation of neutrophils (PMN) and the presence of intra-alveolar bleeding erythrocytes (arrow) can be observed at 2 hrs; c: the increased accumulation of macrophages, fibroblasts and collagen deposition at 24 hrs. av, alveola; coll, collagen; Fb, fibroblasts; Mac, macrophages; RBC, red blood cells. Magnification: ×7000. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4128658_pone-0103723-g003_312734.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | IHC assay showing the changes of Hsp90α immunostaining in burned mouse skin.(A) Unwound normal skin showed a few positive Hsp90α stainings. (C, E) Epidermal and dermal tissues after burn injury appeared more positive brownish stainings, indicating that Hsp90α was induced after the burn stimulation. In addition, Hsp90α level was the highest at 12 h post-treatment (C) and somewhat decreased at 48 h (E). Magnification of red boxed areas in (A), (C) and (E) was shown as (B), (D)and (F), respectively. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4255798_fig04_341625.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | MCP‐1 causes MMP‐9‐CFP to be trafficked into lysosomes in live PF. PF were transfected with CFP vector alone (as a transfection control) or MMP‐9‐CFP. CFP fluorescence is pseudocolored green. Cells were incubated with Lysotracker Red (pseudocolored red) to visualize lysosomal membrane structures. No colocalization of CFP and Lysotracker was noted in cells treated with either MCP‐1 or MCP‐1 + blocking antibody (bAb). No colocalization of MMP‐9‐CFP with Lysotracker Red was seen in cells treated with MCP‐1 + bAb; however, strong colocalization MMP‐9‐CFP with Lysotracker Red was seen after MCP‐1 (10 ng/mL) treatment. |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4593011_Fig6_429615.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation |
18
F-FDG autoradiography. Representative autoradiography (A, B, E, F), block face photographs (C, G) and fusion images (D, H) of a representative IPPE control (A-D) and an APPE AAA animal (E-H). (A and E) represent 18 F-FDG uptake (in PSL/mm2), while (B and F) are gray-scale images displayed with optimal contrast settings for fusion. The 18 F-FDG uptake in the aortic wall is increased in the APPE AAA wall (AMRARG 7.91 ± 1.97) compared to the IPPE control aortic wall (AMRARG 1.23 ± 0.52). The aortic wall (red arrows), blood pool (yellow arrows), and psoas musculature (black arrows) are identified (scale bar 5 mm). |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC4389580_Fig12_376126.jpg | Describe the following image in detail |
Phase contrast fluorescence microscopy of
Cry1Ac
transgenic plants with transit peptide. A = DAPI blue fluorescence. B = FITC green fluorescence. C = Chloroplast auto-fluorescence red. D = Merged image of A, B and C. Yellow color is produced where green and red fluorescence occurred at the same place i.e. Cry1Ac inside chloroplasts. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1px1e7n0832e7p6db2g.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC2360248_fig2_21097.jpg | Clarify the contents of the displayed image with great detail | Immunohistochemical staining patterns for GnT-V and staining of L4-PHA in endometrial cancers. Staining pattern of a tumour: (A) GnT-V low; (B and C) GnT-V high. (D–F) L4-PHA staining and (G–I) PCNA immunostaining were performed simultaneously with the same A, B, and C specimens, respectively. (J) Normal endometrial cells showed very faint or negative GnT-V expression. (K) Positive control for GnT-V (normal placenta). (L) Negative control. Original magnification, × 100. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_80128.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Resolution of small bowel intussusceptions with no evidence of overt colitis |
splits/subfolder_5/PMC4550660_Fig5_417855.jpg | Characterize the image using a well-detailed description | Histological assessment of osteochondral-like tissue. The upper part of the tissue is the bony layer and the lower part is the chondral layer. a, b Alcian blue stains both the chondral and bony layers. c, d Alizarin red specifically stains the calcified region in the bony layer. b, d At higher magnification, the cells migrating out of the individual micropellets and filling the void space between micropellets are visible. e, f, g Collagens II, X, and I were all accumulated more on the bony side, although being present on both sides. h OsteoImage stains exclusively the bony side indicating the lack of calcification in the chondral layer. Bars 200 μm |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC1434728_F13_5033.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Simulation III – edge-growth with chest-wall trophism. Edge cells remain mitotically active; non-edge cells exit the cell cycle as their distance from the body wall increases (chest-wall trophism). Anterior diaphragm extension is enhanced over Simulation II (Fig. 12), but remains insufficient. The curvilinear shape of the hemi-diaphragm is still not achieved, the CDH defect is not enlarged, and the anterior ipsilateral diaphragm is also affected. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3528734_pone-0052824-g008_174835.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Cycloheximide enhances the rate of disappearance of CNBP-positive foci.(A and B) To induce P-bodies and stress granules, HeLa cells expressing RFP-DCP1a and RFP-RCK and untransfected cells were incubated with 500 µM arsenite for 30 minutes. Following arsenite treatment, cells were allowed to recover in fresh medium for 45 minutes in the (A) absence or (B) presence of cycloheximide. After fixation, transfected cells were subjected to immunofluorescence to detect CNBP (top and middle panels) or CNBP and TIAR (bottom panels) and examined using confocal microscopy. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03022.jpg | Offer a succinct explanation of the picture presented. | Type IV radial club hand with complete absence of radius. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3551831_F1_180544.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Example PET response. Coronal images of a PET scan of a patient prior to SBRT (A). Notice the hypermetabolic lesion in the liver has had a complete response at 1 month following therapy (B), and continues to have a complete response at 19 months post-therapy (C). |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic48506.jpg | what is most alarming about this ct scan? | glomus tumor, paraganglioma, chemodectoma |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3195779_fig1_112081.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Painful haemangioma of right-hand aspect of T8 (arrowed) in a 56-year-old man treated with unipedicular vertebroplasty. Sagittal (a) and axial (b) TSE T2-weighted images. (c): Vertebroplasty spot fluoroscopy image, AP projection. Postprocedure, the patient reported complete resolution of pain. |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC3267772_pone-0031181-g003_123918.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | An adenocarcinoma showing typical presentation of the lung profile by immunohistochemistry.Hematoxylin-eosin stain (left upper), cytokeratin (CK)7 (right upper), CK20 (left lower), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) (right lower). CK7 and TTF-1 are positive in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumor cells, respectively (original magnification ×200). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3080336_F3_92978.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | CT scan with 3-D reconstruction image of the same patient; anterior aspect. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cl8k2u1qx1fff0832dezz6pwk.jpg | What type of procedure is the image taken from? | Colonoscopy |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4340936_pone.0117029.g008_362480.jpg | Examine the image closely and share its details | Task-related modulation in BOLD signal as task condition changed from Win $1 to Win $5 of the MIDT task.A. Color on the brain images shows task-related increases and decreases in BOLD signal as revealed by GLM-based analyses. The color bar indicates t values. B1, B2, and B3. Color on the brain images shows regions covered by positive, negative, and neutral ICs, respectively. The color bar indicates number of overlapping ICs. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3817180_pone-0078186-g002_240993.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | Demonstration of 3D gas ΔR2*-mMRA.(A) 3D high-resolution T2*WI acquired during the inhalation of air. (B) T2*WI acquired during the inhalation of carbogen. (C) ΔR2* map computed from the two T2*WIs. (D) The reconstructed ΔR2* maps, which can be viewed flexibly in various planes. (E) A 1-mm-thick axial view revealing the microvasculature. (F) A sagittal view. (G) A horizontal view. The cortical penetrating vessels are readily distinguishable in each view, and subcortical vessels are also identified in the striatum and hippocampus. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4579070_pone.0138440.g002_425878.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Kidney morphology, fibrosis and the expression of STC1 and AQP1 after nephrotoxic nephritis in STC1 knockdown kidneys (STC1 shRNA Tg), compared with control kidneys (scrambled shRNA Tg).Kidney tissue was harvested 10 days after the administration of anti-GBM antibody and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff’s (PAS), Masson’s trichrome, STC1 and AQP1; 40X-200X magnification. Arrowheads point to casts; G, denotes glomerulus. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4364565_Fig1_368910.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. |
The representative images of MPC. A, TRUS; B, pelvic MRI. The arrow indicates the cystic lesion. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4491835_f1_403084.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Overview microscopy images of the nanocellulose samples.(a–c) TEMPO-mediated oxidized W-CNF, (d–f) W-CNC and (g–i) B-CNC samples via AFM (a,d,g) Cryo-SEM (b,e,h) and TEM (c,f,i). All AFM images have the same magnification in order to provide a direct comparison between nanocellulose particles. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic27827.jpg | what is most alarming about this ultrasound? | epididymitis |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/cla820gl9s43n071u50v7gmsx.jpg | Is this finding easy to detect? | Yes |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3916336_pone-0086109-g008_264940.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Immunofluorescence staining of KV2.2 in the mice small intestine frozen section.The cell membrane was stained by Fm 4-64 membrane stain (red fluorescence) and cell nuclear was stained by DAPI (blue fluorescence). The green fluorescence was KV2.2 immunofluorescence. Scale bar = 20 µm, the experiments repeated six times. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3268097_F1_123958.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating a cystic-solid mass of brainstem with mild edema. The solid part manifested homogeneous enhancement on T1-weighted gadolinium enhancement (thick arrow). The well-defined mass was mainly located in pons with the cystic part (thin arrow) extending to the right cerebral peduncle, but there was no evidence of attachment to dura mater. Axial T1-weighted imaging (A), coronal (B) and sagittal (C) post-contrast T1-weighted imaging. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3001466_pone-0015130-g014_81029.jpg | Explain the various aspects of the image before you | 3-dimensional model of the ascorbate binding region of the adrenergic receptor.The position of the ascorbate binding site (highlighted in blue beneath the arrow) is immediately adjacent to the adrenergic binding site. (Model provided by, and adapted, with permission from Lei Shi and Jonathan A. Javitch, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and reprinted from the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, volume 42 © Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org) [22]. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_03524.jpg | Relay a brief, clear account of the picture shown. | Aspect of trilateral retinoblastoma (MRI). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_66069.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | In prominent systemic ventricle hypertrophy, the aortic valve and the systemic atrioventricular valve are discontinuous because of muscle interposition |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC2556682_F3_28276.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging scans of the pelvis. The arrows point to the heterotopic bony masses. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4414932_Fig5_382126.jpg | Write a terse but informative summary of the picture. | Contrast-enhanced US images of non-targeting MBs (top row), targeting MBs (middle row), and targeting MBs combined with pUS treatment (bottom row) at various times |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3769233_pone-0075155-g002_230716.jpg | Give an elaborate explanation of the image you see | Superresolution imaging of DARPP-32.Confocal microscopy image showing an overview of a striatal dendritic structure with a selected spine (Upper left – green; squared box). Distribution of immunolabeled DARPP-32 imaged with superresolution STED microscopy (Upper right - green).(Lower) Gallery of dendritic spine and their DARPP-32 distributions as resolved with confocal microscopy and STED microscopy. All images are raw, unprocessed data.Scale bars 250 nm. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_07323.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Ultrasound showing an heterogenous mass 25 mm adjacent to the ovary (OEP, ovarian ectopic pregnancy; Ov, ovary). |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3498732_fig06_166185.jpg | Describe the following image in detail | (a) Electron micrographs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae before starting the retentostat (pictures I and II) and after 22 days in retentostat (pictures III and IV). Glycogen was stained with phosphotungstic acid in pictures II and IV. GG, glycogen granules; LD, lipid droplets. The size bar respresents 1 μm. (b) Mean-normalized expression of genes involved in glycogen synthesis and degradation according to growth rate in the combined chemostat/retentostat dataset. (c) Intracellular glycogen contents as a function of the specific growth rate in the combined chemostat/retentostat dataset. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3336231_fig3_135362.jpg | What is shown in this image? | MRI findings, diaphyseal and physeal destruction, and bone oedema and soft tissue oedema. |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_79651.jpg | Describe the image concisely. | Arteriography showing the presence of a hypervascular mass (Hyalin-vascular type of Castleman's disease) with rapid flushing of the tumor. The feeding vessels originated from the aorta and left renal artery. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_2614.jpg | Where is this? | skin |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3386273_pone-0039616-g001_143217.jpg | Analyze the image in a comprehensive and detailed manner | Case 1 at diagnosis.a) Coronal, b) Sagital and c) Axial view of T2 MRI real images of the tumor. d) and e) Corresponding simulated MRI images generated at a detection level of d) 400 cells/ and e) 1 cell/. In simulations, white areas represent the tumor mass and black ones, tumor infiltration. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_1050.jpg | What does this image show? | pagets disease |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3610161_F1_195301.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Facial features and renal biopsy. (A) Malformations of the external ear. (B) Surgical scars of the pre-existing fistulae. (C) Light microscopy on renal biopsy (Jones’ silver stain, ×400 magnification) showing focal glomerulosclerosis (arrow). (D) Light microscopy on renal biopsy (PAS stain, ×400 magnification) showing focal glomerulosclerosis (arrow). |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00851.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Chest radiograph showing cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions in the lung bases. The chest radiographs reveal bilateral pleural effusion in the lung base and an enlarged cardiac silhouette |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC3879514_F0001_256235.jpg | Share a concise interpretation of the image provided. | Initial chest radiograph (A) and CT (B) showing a large loculated right-sided pleural effusion. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/val/illus_other/train_2680.jpg | What is present? | coronary artery |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_00270.jpg | Render a clear and concise summary of the photo. | Upper gastrointestinal series showing contrast accumulation in dilated stomach and duodenum. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC4061240_f3-etm-08-01-0031_298988.jpg | Narrate the contents of the image with precision | Immunohistochemical staining of 5α-reductase type I in the prostate tissues of rats in the (A) castration, (B) BPH, (C) finasteride and (D) pollen groups. (E) Quantitative image analysis of the immunohistochemical staining expressed as optical densities across 10 fields for each rat section. #P<0.05, vs. castration; *P<0.05, vs. BPH. Castration, corn oil injection (sc) + PBS (p.o.); BPH, testosterone (sc) + PBS (p.o.); finasteride, 5 mg/kg finasteride (p.o.) + testosterone (sc); pollen, 88.7 mg/kg rape pollen SFE-CO2 (p.o.) + testosterone (sc); SFE, supercritical fluid extract; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline. Magnification, ×100. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3510261_ppat-1003048-g010_169621.jpg | Create a compact narrative representing the image presented | Immunohistochemistry analysis of mouse Xenograft tumors.Solid tumors were excised from mock or drug treated mice, followed by immunohistochemistry staining using antibodies specific for p-Akt, LANA, and Ephrin B2. No specific primary antibody was used for control. Images were taken at 100× and 400× magnification. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/test/cell_sparse/train_2335.jpg | What is present? | bone marrow |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4504159_Fig6_406547.jpg | Present a compact description of the photo’s key features. | Differentiation potential is retained in culture with XcytePLUS™. WJ-MSC maintained for 6 passages in the indicated culture conditions. Expanded cells were subjected to adipocytic (a–d), osteogenic (e–h), and chondrogenic (i–l) differentiation conditions as described in “Methods”. Morphological observations indicated no differences in differentiation efficacy between the groups. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4158267_fig2_318934.jpg | Give a short and clear explanation of the subsequent image. | Panoramic radiograph demonstrating absence of teeth. |
splits/subfolder_3/PMC4481414_pone.0127419.g004_400169.jpg | Summarize the visual content of the image. | Immunofluorescence validation of the Targeted NBs.Microscopic observation of the Targeted NBs (A and B). The ring-like structures with thick membranes are NBs (B). The results demonstrated that Targeted NBs could specifically incorporate nanobody via biotin-avidin interactions. |
splits/sfolder_2/PMC3505566_Fig7_168303.jpg | Write an exhaustive depiction of the given image | An 86-year-old male with a history of previous ischemic events developed sudden left-sided hemianopia. a T2-weighted TSE image with a number of ischemic lesions. b DW image (b = 1,000) clearly shows a region of acute ischemia as an area of restricted diffusion. c PASL image with a perfusion deficit in the right occipital region. TSE, turbo spin echo; DW, diffusion weighted; PASL, pulsed arterial spin labeling |
roco-dataset/data/train/radiology/images/ROCO_35030.jpg | Portray the image with a rich, descriptive narrative | Contrast-enhanced axial computed tomographic image of the abdomen shows a contrast-filled rounded structure (arrow) adjacent to the hepatic hilum compressing the common bile duct (arrowhead). This finding is consistent with a hepatic artery aneurysm. There are intra- and extrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation secondary to an extrinsic compression from the hepatic artery aneurysm. |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_0983.jpg | Is the stroma desmoplastic? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4016099_F3_287323.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | Increased collagen deposition in allogeneically transplanted grafts. (A) Representative Masson’s trichrome stainings showed increased levels of collagen (blue color) in allogeneically (FVB into DBA/1) compared to syngeneically (DBA/1 into DBA/1) transplanted hearts explanted at day 60 and day 100 after transplantation (5× and 20× magnification). (B) Analysis by Sircol assay detected significantly higher amounts of collagen in FVB hearts placed into DBA/1 recipients at day 60 (P = 0.0342) and at day 100 after transplantation (P = 0.0022) compared to the DBA/1 to DBA/1 mice and also to FVB control hearts (P = 0.0094). At least five mice per group were analyzed. *P < 0.05. |
ImageCLEFmed-MEDVQA-GI-2023-Development-Dataset/images/clb0lbwzadoyc086u0brshvx5.jpg | How many findings are present? | 2 |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train/cell_dense/train_1795.jpg | What is present? | endocrine |
data_PathVQA/pathvqa_maml/t0/train_unlabel/train_1624.jpg | Is gastrointestinal present? | yes |
splits/subfolder_4/PMC4561101_fig3_421386.jpg | Share a comprehensive rundown of the presented image | Radiologic features of recurrent malignant lung disease. Contrast enhanced axial CT image shows (a) a 1.9 × 1.4 cm nodular paramediastinal opacity and (b) a left 1.1 × 0.9 cm perihilar nodule. Histological examination demonstrated pure adenocarcinoma with the same EGFR exon 19 mutation that was present in the original tumor. |
splits/subfolder_2/PMC3997684_f1-ol-07-05-1586_283709.jpg | Illustrate the image through a descriptive explanation | (A) Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck showed thickening of the soft tissues of the right wall of the nasopharynx. (B) Histopathological examination of the nasopharynx revealed undifferentiatd squamous cells. (H&E staining; magnification, ×10). (C) CT scan of the chest showed a locally thickened wall of the right chest. (D) Histopathological examination of the right axillary lymph node specimens revealed a number of poorly differentiated metastatic squamous cells. (H&E staining; magnification, ×40)(E) Breast fine needle aspiration revealed metastatic squamous cells. |
ImageClef-2019-VQA-Med-Training/Train_images/synpic26244.jpg | what plane is the image acquired in? | coronal |
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