id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12,994,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XStream%20Systems | XStream Systems Inc. was a US-based company which developed X-ray based identification equipment for research and pharmaceutical industry applications. The company was sold to Veracity Network, Inc in 2011.
Company history
This company was incorporated in May 2004. The technology used in XStream Systems' products was... | XStream Systems | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 280 | [
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
4,866,437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsive%20efficiency | In aerospace engineering, concerning aircraft, rocket and spacecraft design, overall propulsion system efficiency is the efficiency with which the energy contained in a vehicle's fuel is converted into kinetic energy of the vehicle, to accelerate it, or to replace losses due to aerodynamic drag or gravity. Mathematica... | Propulsive efficiency | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,524 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,866,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSMB%20%28mathematics%29 | NSMB is a computer system for solving Navier–Stokes equations using the finite volume method. It supports meshes built of several blocks (multi-blocks) and supports parallelisation. The name stands for "Navier–Stokes multi-block". It was developed by a consortium of European scientific institutions and companies, betwe... | NSMB (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 74 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Numerical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
4,868,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermite%27s%20identity | In mathematics, Hermite's identity, named after Charles Hermite, gives the value of a summation involving the floor function. It states that for every real number x and for every positive integer n the following identity holds:
Proofs
Proof by algebraic manipulation
Split into its integer part and fractional part, ... | Hermite's identity | [
"Mathematics"
] | 224 | [
"Mathematical problems",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical identities",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Algebra"
] |
4,869,700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional%20reduction | Dimensional reduction is the limit of a compactified theory where the size of the compact dimension goes to zero. In physics, a theory in D spacetime dimensions can be redefined in a lower number of dimensions d, by taking all the fields to be independent of the location in the extra D − d dimensions.
For example, con... | Dimensional reduction | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 631 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"String theory",
"Supersymmetry",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,871,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20separation | In fluid dynamics, flow separation or boundary layer separation is the detachment of a boundary layer from a surface into a wake.
A boundary layer exists whenever there is relative movement between a fluid and a solid surface with viscous forces present in the layer of fluid close to the surface. The flow can be exter... | Flow separation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,075 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Boundary layers",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,872,137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycide | Polycide is a silicide formed over polysilicon. Widely used in DRAMs. In a polycide MOSFET transistor process, the silicide is formed only over the polysilicon film as formation occurs prior to any polysilicon etch. Polycide processes contrast with salicide processes in which silicide is formed after the polysilicon et... | Polycide | [
"Materials_science"
] | 128 | [
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Microtechnology"
] |
2,646,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasstron | Glasstron was a series of portable head-mounted displays released by Sony, initially introduced in 1996 with the model PLM-50. The products featured two LCD screens and two earphones for video and audio respectively. The products are no longer manufactured nor supported by Sony.
The Glasstron was not the first head-mo... | Glasstron | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 225 | [
"Computer peripherals",
"Electronic engineering",
"Components",
"Display technology"
] |
2,647,223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic%20network | A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell. As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism, the metabolic pathways, as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions.
With the s... | Metabolic network | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 270 | [
"Molecular biology stubs",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
2,647,762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20Ocean%20Model | The Modular Ocean Model (MOM) is a three-dimensional ocean circulation model designed primarily for studying the ocean climate system. The model is developed and supported primarily by researchers at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL) in Princeton, N... | Modular Ocean Model | [
"Physics"
] | 693 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
2,648,839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum-cascade%20laser | Quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) are semiconductor lasers that emit in the mid- to far-infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and were first demonstrated by Jérôme Faist, Federico Capasso, Deborah Sivco, Carlo Sirtori, Albert Hutchinson, and Alfred Cho at Bell Laboratories in 1994.
Unlike typical interband semi... | Quantum-cascade laser | [
"Physics"
] | 3,106 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Terahertz technology"
] |
2,649,192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel%20diffraction | In optics, the Fresnel diffraction equation for near-field diffraction is an approximation of the Kirchhoff–Fresnel diffraction that can be applied to the propagation of waves in the near field. It is used to calculate the diffraction pattern created by waves passing through an aperture or around an object, when viewe... | Fresnel diffraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,774 | [
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
2,649,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20operator | An integral operator is an operator that involves integration. Special instances are:
The operator of integration itself, denoted by the integral symbol
Integral linear operators, which are linear operators induced by bilinear forms involving integrals
Integral transforms, which are maps between two function spac... | Integral operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 61 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
2,650,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory%20rate | The respiratory rate is the rate at which breathing occurs; it is set and controlled by the respiratory center of the brain. A person's respiratory rate is usually measured in breaths per minute.
Measurement
The respiratory rate in humans is measured by counting the number of breaths for one minute through counting h... | Respiratory rate | [
"Physics"
] | 830 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Temporal rates",
"Physical quantities"
] |
2,650,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highway%20Addressable%20Remote%20Transducer%20Protocol | The HART Communication Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is a hybrid analog+digital industrial automation open protocol. Its most notable advantage is that it can communicate over legacy 4–20 mA analog instrumentation current loops, sharing the pair of wires used by the analog-only host systems. HART is ... | Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,027 | [
"Industrial automation",
"Industrial computing",
"Automation",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
2,650,443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe%20Steel | Kobe Steel, Ltd. (株式会社神戸製鋼所, Kabushiki gaisha Kōbe Seikō-sho), is a major Japanese steel manufacturer headquartered in Chūō-ku, Kobe. KOBELCO is the unified brand name of the Kobe Steel Group.
Kobe Steel has the lowest proportion of steel operations of any major steelmaker in Japan and is characterised as a conglomera... | Kobe Steel | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,382 | [
"Industrial machine manufacturers",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
2,650,522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine%20parvovirus | Canine parvovirus (also referred to as CPV, CPV2, or parvo) is a contagious virus mainly affecting dogs and wolves. CPV is highly contagious and is spread from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact with their feces. Vaccines can prevent this infection, but mortality can reach 91% in untreated cases. Treatment often ... | Canine parvovirus | [
"Biology"
] | 3,266 | [
"Vaccination",
"Vaccine-preventable diseases"
] |
2,651,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C4-Dinitrotoluene | 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or dinitro is an organic compound with the formula C7H6N2O4. This pale yellow crystalline solid is well known as a precursor to trinitrotoluene (TNT) but is mainly produced as a precursor to toluene diisocyanate.
Isomers of dinitrotoluene
Six positional isomers are possible for dinitrotoluene.... | 2,4-Dinitrotoluene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 506 | [
"Explosive chemicals"
] |
19,833,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine%20equation | The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer (1825–1897).
Equation
The Antoine equation... | Antoine equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,170 | [
"Thermodynamic equations",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Equations of physics",
"Thermodynamics"
] |
19,837,606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20Technology%20Engineering%20Center | The Energy Technology Engineering Center (ETEC), was a government-owned, contractor-operated complex of industrial facilities located within the Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL), Ventura County, California. The ETEC specialized in non-nuclear testing of components which were designed to transfer heat from a nucle... | Energy Technology Engineering Center | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,731 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Radioactively contaminated areas",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Radioactive contamination",
"Civilian nuclear power accidents",
"Soil contamination",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power"
] |
23,970,820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser-induced%20incandescence | Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is an in situ method of measuring aerosol particle volume fraction, primary particle sizes, and other thermophysical properties in flames, during gas-phase nanoparticle synthesis, and in aerosol streams more broadly. The technique is prominently used to characterize soot.
The techniq... | Laser-induced incandescence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 141 | [
"Spectroscopy stubs",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Molecular physics stubs",
"Spectroscopy",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
23,971,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20energy | The potential magnetic energy of a magnet or magnetic moment in a magnetic field is defined as the mechanical work of the magnetic force on the re-alignment of the vector of the magnetic dipole moment and is equal to: The mechanical work takes the form of a torque :
which will act to "realign" the magnetic dipole wit... | Magnetic energy | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 352 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Physical quantities",
"Forms of energy",
"Energy (physics)",
"Electromagnetism stubs"
] |
23,971,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauc%20plot | A Tauc plot is used to determine the optical bandgap, or Tauc bandgap, of either disordered or amorphous semiconductors.
In his original work Jan Tauc () showed that the optical absorption spectrum of amorphous germanium resembles the spectrum of the indirect transitions in crystalline germanium (plus a tail due to lo... | Tauc plot | [
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 335 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films",
"Materials science"
] |
23,974,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%E2%80%93Quillen%20cohomology | In commutative algebra, André–Quillen cohomology is a theory of cohomology for commutative rings which is closely related to the cotangent complex. The first three cohomology groups were introduced by and are sometimes called Lichtenbaum–Schlessinger functors T0, T1, T2, and the higher groups were defined independentl... | André–Quillen cohomology | [
"Mathematics"
] | 468 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Commutative algebra"
] |
23,974,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C7H7Cl | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C7H7Cl}}
The molecular formula C7H7Cl (molar mass: 126.58 g/mol, exact mass: 126.0236 u) may refer to:
Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene
Chlorotoluenes
Molecular formulas | C7H7Cl | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 68 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
20,954,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue-gas%20condensation | Flue gas condensation is a process, where flue gas is cooled below its water dew point and the heat released by the resulting condensation of water is recovered as low temperature heat.
Cooling of the flue gas can be performed either directly with a heat exchanger or indirectly via a condensing scrubber.
The conde... | Flue-gas condensation | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 487 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Scrubbers",
"Heat exchangers"
] |
20,956,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20systems | Aircraft systems are those required to operate an aircraft efficiently and safely. Their complexity varies with the type of aircraft.
Aircraft software systems
Aircraft software systems control, manage, and apply the subsystems that are engaged with avionics on board an aircraft.
Flight control systems
Flight contro... | Aircraft systems | [
"Engineering"
] | 595 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Aircraft systems"
] |
20,957,324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bondi%20accretion | In astrophysics, the Bondi accretion (also called Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton accretion), named after Hermann Bondi, is spherical accretion onto a compact object traveling through the interstellar medium. It is generally used in the context of neutron star and black hole accretion. To achieve an approximate form of the Bondi... | Bondi accretion | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 352 | [
"Interstellar media",
"Outer space",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Stellar astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Equations of astronomy"
] |
20,957,502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal%20crystal | A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloidal particles and fine grained materials analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules. A natural example of this phenomenon can be found in the gem opal, where spheres of silica assume a close-packed locally periodic structure under mod... | Colloidal crystal | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,592 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Soft matter",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
20,962,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGehee%20transformation | The McGehee transformation was introduced by Richard McGehee to study the triple collision singularity in the n-body problem.
The transformation blows up the single point in phase space where the collision occurs into a collision manifold, the phase space point is cut out and in its place a smooth manifold is pasted. ... | McGehee transformation | [
"Physics"
] | 139 | [
"Mechanics",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
20,962,073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Tippett%E2%80%93Gnedenko%20theorem | In statistics, the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem (also the Fisher–Tippett theorem or the extreme value theorem) is a general result in extreme value theory regarding asymptotic distribution of extreme order statistics. The maximum of a sample of iid random variables after proper renormalization can only converge in d... | Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 913 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in statistics"
] |
26,810,695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient%20of%20coincidence | In genetics, the coefficient of coincidence (c.o.c.) is a measure of interference in the formation of chromosomal crossovers during meiosis. It is generally the case that, if there is a crossover at one spot on a chromosome, this decreases the likelihood of a crossover in a nearby spot. This is called interference.
Th... | Coefficient of coincidence | [
"Biology"
] | 722 | [
"Genetics"
] |
26,818,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean%20cannon | A Galilean cannon is a device that demonstrates conservation of linear momentum. It comprises a stack of balls, starting with a large, heavy ball at the base of the stack and progresses up to a small, lightweight ball at the top. The basic idea is that this stack of balls can be dropped to the ground and almost all of ... | Galilean cannon | [
"Physics"
] | 473 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Physics experiments"
] |
26,821,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunamis%20in%20lakes | A tsunami is a series of large water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume within a body of water, often caused by earthquakes, or similar events. This may occur in lakes as well as oceans, presenting threats to both fishermen and shoreside inhabitants. Because they are generated by a near field source reg... | Tsunamis in lakes | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,964 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Water waves",
"Waves",
"Natural hazards",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
26,822,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20fracture%20mechanics | Structural fracture mechanics is the field of structural engineering concerned with the study of load-carrying structures that includes one or several failed or damaged components. It uses methods of analytical solid mechanics, structural engineering, safety engineering, probability theory, and catastrophe theory to ca... | Structural fracture mechanics | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 344 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Solid mechanics",
"Fracture mechanics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Construction",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Materials degradation"
] |
25,324,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welding%20defect | In metalworking, a welding defect is any flaw that compromises the usefulness of a weldment. There are many different types of welding defects, which are classified according to ISO 6520, while acceptable limits for welds are specified in ISO 5817 and ISO 10042.
Major causes
According to the American Society of Mecha... | Welding defect | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,015 | [
"Welding",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
25,330,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR%20pathway | The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle. Therefore, it is directly related to cellular quiescence, proliferation, cancer, and longevity. PI3K activation phosphorylates and activates AKT, localizing it in the plasma membrane. AKT can have a number of downst... | PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,573 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
8,352,121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baffle%20spray%20scrubber | Baffle spray scrubbers are a technology for air pollution control. They are very similar to spray towers in design and operation. However, in addition to using the energy provided by the spray nozzles, baffles are added to allow the gas stream to atomize some liquid as it passes over them.
A simple baffle scrubber s... | Baffle spray scrubber | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 524 | [
"Scrubbers",
"Wet scrubbers",
"Pollution control technologies",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
6,373,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discontinuous%20deformation%20analysis | Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is a type of discrete element method (DEM) originally proposed by Shi in 1988. DDA is somewhat similar to the finite element method for solving stress-displacement problems, but accounts for the interaction of independent particles (blocks) along discontinuities in fractured and... | Discontinuous deformation analysis | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,277 | [
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Materials science",
"Computational physics"
] |
1,907,770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive%20mass%20transfer | Dispersive mass transfer, in fluid dynamics, is the spreading of mass from highly concentrated areas to less concentrated areas. It is one form of mass transfer.
Dispersive mass flux is analogous to diffusion, and it can also be described using Fick's first law:
where c is mass concentration of the species being disp... | Dispersive mass transfer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 194 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,908,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20solid | The Einstein solid is a model of a crystalline solid that contains a large number of independent three-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillators of the same frequency. The independence assumption is relaxed in the Debye model.
While the model provides qualitative agreement with experimental data, especially for the hig... | Einstein solid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,310 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
1,908,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramagram | The panoramagram is an instrument invented in 1824 and a method of stereoscopic viewing in which the left-eye and right-eye photographs are divided into narrow juxtaposed strips and viewed through a superimposed ruled or lenticular screen in such a way that each of the observer's eyes is able to see only the correct pi... | Panoramagram | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 101 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices"
] |
1,908,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-difference%20time-domain%20method | Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) or Yee's method (named after the Chinese American applied mathematician Kane S. Yee, born 1934) is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics (finding approximate solutions to the associated system of differential equations). Since it is a time-d... | Finite-difference time-domain method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,570 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Computational electromagnetics",
"Electromagnetism",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Applied mathematics",
"Mathematical software",
"Computational physics",
"Computational science",
"Scattering",
"Radiation",
"Fundamental inte... |
1,908,302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slewing | Slewing is the rotation of an object around an axis, usually the z axis. An example is a radar scanning 360 degrees by slewing around the z axis. This is also common terminology in astronomy. The process of rotating a telescope to observe a different region of the sky is referred to as slewing.
The term slewing is als... | Slewing | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 177 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Geometry",
"Geometry stubs"
] |
1,908,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique based on re-orientation of atomic nuclei with non-zero nuclear spins in an external magnetic field. This re-orientation occurs with absorption of electromagnetic radiat... | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 6,455 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy"
] |
1,908,635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarimetry | Polarimetry is the measurement and interpretation of the polarization of transverse waves, most notably electromagnetic waves, such as radio or light waves. Typically polarimetry is done on electromagnetic waves that have traveled through or have been reflected, refracted or diffracted by some material in order to char... | Polarimetry | [
"Physics"
] | 1,681 | [
"Polarization (waves)",
"Astrophysics"
] |
1,908,650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%20prism | A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer. It is an optical device made from calcite crystal used to convert ordinary light into plane polarized light. It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by total internal reflection, i.e. the ordinary ray is eliminated and only the extraordinary ray is transmitted t... | Nicol prism | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 601 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Optical materials",
"Materials",
"Microscopy",
"Polarization (waves)",
"Matter"
] |
1,909,881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift%20quantization | Redshift quantization, also referred to as redshift periodicity, redshift discretization, preferred redshifts and redshift-magnitude bands, is the hypothesis that the redshifts of cosmologically distant objects (in particular galaxies and quasars) tend to cluster around multiples of some particular value.
In standard ... | Redshift quantization | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,723 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astrophysics"
] |
1,910,119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium%28V%29%20oxide | Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V2O5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent.... | Vanadium(V) oxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,769 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Redox",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,910,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implant%20%28medicine%29 | An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. For example, an implant may be a rod, used to strengthen weak bones. Medical implants are human-made devices, in contrast to a transplant, which is ... | Implant (medicine) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,239 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Biomedical engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
1,911,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethusamudram%20Shipping%20Canal%20Project | Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project () is a proposed project to create a shipping route in the shallow straits between India and Sri Lanka. This would provide a continuously navigable sea route around the Indian Peninsula. The channel would be dredged in the Sethusamudram sea between Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka, passing ... | Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,557 | [
"Macro-engineering"
] |
1,911,628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-LRU | Pseudo-LRU or PLRU is a family of cache algorithms which improve on the performance of the Least Recently Used (LRU) algorithm by replacing values using approximate measures of age rather than maintaining the exact age of every value in the cache.
PLRU usually refers to two cache replacement algorithms: tree-PLRU and ... | Pseudo-LRU | [
"Technology"
] | 563 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Computer science",
"Computer science stubs"
] |
1,911,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20angle%20spinning | In solid-state NMR spectroscopy, magic-angle spinning (MAS) is a technique routinely used to produce better resolution NMR spectra. MAS NMR consists in spinning the sample (usually at a frequency of 1 to 130 kHz) at the magic angle θm (ca. 54.74°, where cos2θm=1/3) with respect to the direction of the magnetic field.
... | Magic angle spinning | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 916 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,912,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic%20tensor | In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime. The field tensor was first used after the four-dimensional tensor formulation ... | Electromagnetic tensor | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,381 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Tensor physical quantities",
"Tensors in general relativity",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
1,912,810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algar%E2%80%93Flynn%E2%80%93Oyamada%20reaction | The Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction is a chemical reaction whereby a chalcone undergoes an oxidative cyclization to form a flavonol.
Reaction mechanism
There are several possible mechanisms to explain this reaction; however, these reaction mechanisms have not been elucidated. What is known is that a two-stage mechanism e... | Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 233 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Heterocycle forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
1,914,015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtamangala | The Ashtamangala () is the sacred set of Eight Auspicious Signs (, bajixiang) featured in a number of Indian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. The symbols or "symbolic attributes" () are yidam and teaching tools. Not only do these attributes (or energetic signatures) point to qualities of enlightened m... | Ashtamangala | [
"Physics"
] | 1,581 | [
"Magic items",
"Physical objects",
"Matter"
] |
22,463,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20climate%20engineering%20topics | Climate engineering geoengineering topics related to greenhouse gas remediation include:
Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management
Stratospheric aerosol injection (climate engineering)
Marine cloud brightening
Cool roof
Space sunshade
Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering
Carbon dioxid... | List of climate engineering topics | [
"Engineering"
] | 140 | [
"Planetary engineering",
"Geoengineering"
] |
22,468,364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20%28thermodynamics%29 | In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state. The specific volume, an intensive property, is the system's volume per unit mass. Volume is a function of state and is interdependent with other thermodynamic properties such as pressure and temperature... | Volume (thermodynamics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,764 | [
"State functions",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Gases",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Phases of matter",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Volume",
"Wikipedia cat... |
3,606,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%27s%20tree%20theorem | In mathematics, Kruskal's tree theorem states that the set of finite trees over a well-quasi-ordered set of labels is itself well-quasi-ordered under homeomorphic embedding.
History
The theorem was conjectured by Andrew Vázsonyi and proved by ; a short proof was given by . It has since become a prominent example in r... | Kruskal's tree theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,305 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Order theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Wellfoundedness",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical induction"
] |
3,606,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20dummy%20force%20method | The Unit dummy force method provides a convenient means for computing displacements in structural systems. It is applicable for both linear and non-linear material behaviours as well as for systems subject to environmental effects, and hence more general than Castigliano's second theorem.
Discrete systems
Consider a d... | Unit dummy force method | [
"Engineering"
] | 618 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural analysis",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
3,607,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fano%27s%20inequality | In information theory, Fano's inequality (also known as the Fano converse and the Fano lemma) relates the average information lost in a noisy channel to the probability of the categorization error. It was derived by Robert Fano in the early 1950s while teaching a Ph.D. seminar in information theory at MIT, and later r... | Fano's inequality | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 861 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Binary relations",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
3,607,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20layer%20deposition | Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas-phase chemical process; it is a subclass of chemical vapour deposition. The majority of ALD reactions use two chemicals called precursors (also called "reactants"). These precursors react with the surface of a materia... | Atomic layer deposition | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 6,384 | [
"Thin film deposition",
"Microtechnology",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Semiconductor device fabrication",
"Chemical vapor deposition",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering"
] |
3,608,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20foam | Acoustic foam is an open celled foam used for acoustic treatment. It attenuates airborne sound waves, reducing their amplitude, for the purposes of noise reduction or noise control. The energy is dissipated as heat. Acoustic foam can be made in several different colors, sizes and thickness.
Acoustic foam can be attach... | Acoustic foam | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 600 | [
"Foams",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
3,609,527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomer%E2%80%93Cottrell%20junction |
Lomer-Cottrell Junction
In materials science, a Lomer–Cottrell junction is a particular configuration of dislocations that forms when two perfect dislocations interact on interacting slip planes in a crystalline material.
Formation Mechanism
When two perfect dislocations encounter along a slip plane, each perfect d... | Lomer–Cottrell junction | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 364 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Crystallographic defects",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography stubs",
"Crystallography",
"Materials degradation"
] |
3,609,638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing%20frame | A standing frame (also known as a stand, stander, standing technology, standing aid, standing device, standing box, tilt table) is assistive technology that can be used by a person who relies on a wheelchair for mobility. A standing frame provides alternative positioning to sitting in a wheelchair by supporting the pe... | Standing frame | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 797 | [
"Accessibility",
"Design",
"Medical equipment",
"Medical technology"
] |
3,610,203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cdc25 | Cdc25 is a dual-specificity phosphatase first isolated from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a cell cycle defective mutant. As with other cell cycle proteins or genes such as Cdc2 and Cdc4, the "cdc" in its name refers to "cell division cycle".
Dual-specificity phosphatases are considered a sub-class of protein t... | Cdc25 | [
"Biology"
] | 978 | [
"Cell cycle",
"Cellular processes"
] |
3,610,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%27s%20reactance%20theorem | Foster's reactance theorem is an important theorem in the fields of electrical network analysis and synthesis. The theorem states that the reactance of a passive, lossless two-terminal (one-port) network always strictly monotonically increases with frequency. It is easily seen that the reactances of inductors and cap... | Foster's reactance theorem | [
"Physics"
] | 2,330 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Circuit theorems",
"Physics theorems"
] |
3,610,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite%20intercalation%20compound | In the area of solid state chemistry, graphite intercalation compounds are a family of materials prepared from graphite. In particular, the sheets of carbon that comprise graphite can be pried apart by the insertion (intercalation) of ions. The graphite is viewed as a host and the inserted ions as guests. The materia... | Graphite intercalation compound | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,892 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Inorganic carbon compounds",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Supramolecular chemistry"
] |
3,610,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammar%20experiment | The Hammar experiment was an experiment designed and conducted by Gustaf Wilhelm Hammar (1935) to test the aether drag hypothesis. Its negative result refuted some specific aether drag models, and confirmed special relativity.
Overview
Experiments such as the Michelson–Morley experiment of 1887 (and later other exper... | Hammar experiment | [
"Physics"
] | 1,075 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Physics experiments"
] |
3,611,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-phase%20ion%20chemistry | Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics. It is the science that studies ions and molecules in the gas phase, most often enabled by some form of mass spectrometry. By far the most important applications for this science is in studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of... | Gas-phase ion chemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 923 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
3,612,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invader%20potential | In ecology, invader potential is the qualitative and quantitative measures of a given invasive species probability to invade a given ecosystem. This is often seen through climate matching. There are many reasons why a species may invade a new area. The term invader potential may also be interchangeable with invasivenes... | Invader potential | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,184 | [
"Metrics",
"Ecological metrics",
"Quantity",
"Invasive species",
"Pests (organism)",
"Conservation biology"
] |
3,612,259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a hierarchy is a set-theoretical object, consisting of a preorder defined on a set. This is often referred to as an ordered set, though that is an ambiguous term that many authors reserve for partially ordered sets or totally ordered sets. The term pre-ordered set is unambiguous, and is always synonymou... | Hierarchy (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 517 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Set theory"
] |
13,000,492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20distribution%20method | The moment distribution method is a structural analysis method for statically indeterminate beams and frames developed by Hardy Cross. It was published in 1930 in an ASCE journal. The method only accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial and shear effects. From the 1930s until computers began to be widely used in... | Moment distribution method | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,557 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural analysis",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
13,000,954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Stem%20Cell%20Centre | The Australian Stem Cell Centre is an Australian medical research and development centre which focuses on regenerative medicine through the use of stem cells. Founded in 2003, the Centre is the National Biotechnology Centre of Excellence and has received over $100 million in funding in recent years. It is Australia's p... | Australian Stem Cell Centre | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 329 | [
"Translational medicine",
"Tissue engineering",
"Stem cell research"
] |
23,979,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast%20damper | A blast damper is used to protect occupants and equipment of a structure against overpressures resultant of an explosion. The blast dampers normally protect air inlets and exhaust penetrations in an otherwise hardened structure. Blast dampers are related or identical to blast valves, the latter name is generally used t... | Blast damper | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 235 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Explosion protection",
"Safety engineering",
"Combustion engineering",
"Explosions"
] |
23,979,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrefaction | Torrefaction of biomass, e.g., wood or grain, is a mild form of pyrolysis at temperatures typically between 200 and 320 °C. Torrefaction changes biomass properties to provide a better fuel quality for combustion and gasification applications. Torrefaction produces a relatively dry product, which reduces or eliminates i... | Torrefaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,716 | [
"Pyrolysis",
"Oil shale technology",
"Synthetic fuel technologies",
"Organic reactions"
] |
23,979,808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorton | A vorton is a hypothetical circular cosmic string loop stabilized by the angular momentum of the charge and current trapped on the string.
References
Further reading
Physical cosmology
Large-scale structure of the cosmos
String theory | Vorton | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 43 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"String theory",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
23,981,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H27NO2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H27NO2}}
The molecular formula C21H27NO2 (molar mass: 325.44 g/mol) may refer to:
Etafenone, a vasodilator
Ifenprodil
Norpropoxyphene
SR 59230A
Molecular formulas | C21H27NO2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 70 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,981,348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C21H29NO | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C21H29NO}}
The molecular formula C21H29NO (molar mass: 311.46 g/mol) may refer to:
Alphamethadol
Betamethadol
Biperiden
Dimepheptanol, or methadol
Isomethadol
UR-144
Molecular formulas | C21H29NO | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 71 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,981,390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H14 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H14}}
The molecular formula C22H14 (molar mass: 278.36 g/mol) may refer to:
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
Dibenz[a,j]anthracene
Pentacene
Picene
Molecular formulas | C22H14 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 67 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
23,981,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H29NO2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H29NO2}}
The molecular formula C22H29NO2 (molar mass: 339.471 g/mol) may refer to:
A-834,735
Dextropropoxyphene
Levopropoxyphene
Lobelanidine
Noracymethadol
Molecular formulas | C22H29NO2 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 74 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
26,825,148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Bruijn%E2%80%93Erd%C5%91s%20theorem%20%28incidence%20geometry%29 | In incidence geometry, the De Bruijn–Erdős theorem, originally published by Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn and Paul Erdős in 1948, states a lower bound on the number of lines determined by n points in a projective plane. By duality, this is also a bound on the number of intersection points determined by a configuration of l... | De Bruijn–Erdős theorem (incidence geometry) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 471 | [
"Theorems in projective geometry",
"Euclidean plane geometry",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Theorems in discrete geometry",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Incidence geometry"
] |
26,826,914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli%E2%80%93Lubanski%20pseudovector | In physics, the Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector is an operator defined from the momentum and angular momentum, used in the quantum-relativistic description of angular momentum. It is named after Wolfgang Pauli and Józef Lubański.
It describes the spin states of moving particles. It is the generator of the little group of ... | Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector | [
"Physics"
] | 1,335 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
26,828,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization%20of%20the%20electromagnetic%20field | The quantization of the electromagnetic field is a procedure in physics turning Maxwell's classical electromagnetic waves into particles called photons. Photons are massless particles of definite energy, definite momentum, and definite spin.
To explain the photoelectric effect, Albert Einstein assumed heuristically in... | Quantization of the electromagnetic field | [
"Physics"
] | 2,667 | [
"Mathematical quantization",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
491,903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue%E2%80%93Morse%20sequence | In mathematics, the Thue–Morse or Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence is the binary sequence (an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s) that can be obtained by starting with 0 and successively appending the Boolean complement of the sequence obtained thus far. It is sometimes called the fair share sequence because of its applications... | Thue–Morse sequence | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,474 | [
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Topology",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
492,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4%20carbon%20fixation | carbon fixation or the Hatch–Slack pathway is one of three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in plants. It owes the names to the 1960s discovery by Marshall Davidson Hatch and Charles Roger Slack.
fixation is an addition to the ancestral and more common carbon fixation. The main carboxylating enzyme ... | C4 carbon fixation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,165 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Photosynthesis"
] |
492,043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photorespiration | Photorespiration (also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or C2 cycle) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme RuBisCO oxygenates RuBP, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. The desired reaction is the addition of carbon dioxide to RuBP (carboxylation), a key step in th... | Photorespiration | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,088 | [
"Plant physiology",
"Plants",
"Photosynthesis",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
492,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electret | An electret (formed as a portmanteau of electr- from "electricity" and -et from "magnet") is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electrical polarisation. An electret has internal and external electric fields, and is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet.
The term electret was coined by Olive... | Electret | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,279 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Materials",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Dielectrics",
"Matter"
] |
493,521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux%20%28metallurgy%29 | In metallurgy, a flux is a chemical reducing agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used in both extractive metallurgy and metal joining.
Some of the earliest known fluxes were sodium carbonate, potash, charcoal, coke, borax, lime, lead sulfide and certain ... | Flux (metallurgy) | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 6,971 | [
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
494,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20synthesis | DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure. DNA synthesis occurs when these nucleotide units are joined to form DNA; this can occur artif... | DNA synthesis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,933 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"DNA replication",
"Molecular genetics"
] |
494,418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper%20time | In relativity, proper time (from Latin, meaning own time) along a timelike world line is defined as the time as measured by a clock following that line. The proper time interval between two events on a world line is the change in proper time, which is independent of coordinates, and is a Lorentz scalar. The interval is... | Proper time | [
"Physics"
] | 2,294 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Time in physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Timekeeping",
"Theory of relativity",
"Spacetime"
] |
4,876,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20the%20wall | In fluid dynamics, the law of the wall (also known as the logarithmic law of the wall) states that the average velocity of a turbulent flow at a certain point is proportional to the logarithm of the distance from that point to the "wall", or the boundary of the fluid region. This law of the wall was first published in ... | Law of the wall | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,266 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Turbulence",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,879,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20induction | Asymmetric induction describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer (enantioinduction) or diastereoisomer (diastereoinduction) over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element ... | Asymmetric induction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 4,819 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Asymmetry",
"Spacetime",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,882,496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parks%E2%80%93McClellan%20filter%20design%20algorithm | The Parks–McClellan algorithm, published by James McClellan and Thomas Parks in 1972, is an iterative algorithm for finding the optimal Chebyshev finite impulse response (FIR) filter. The Parks–McClellan algorithm is utilized to design and implement efficient and optimal FIR filters. It uses an indirect method for find... | Parks–McClellan filter design algorithm | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,289 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Filter theory"
] |
4,882,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remez%20algorithm | The Remez algorithm or Remez exchange algorithm, published by Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez in 1934, is an iterative algorithm used to find simple approximations to functions, specifically, approximations by functions in a Chebyshev space that are the best in the uniform norm L∞ sense. It is sometimes referred to as Remes a... | Remez algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,338 | [
"Approximation theory",
"Polynomials",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Algebra"
] |
4,882,595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax%20approximation%20algorithm | A minimax approximation algorithm (or L∞ approximation or uniform approximation) is a method to find an approximation of a mathematical function that minimizes maximum error.
For example, given a function defined on the interval and a degree bound , a minimax polynomial approximation algorithm will find a polynomia... | Minimax approximation algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 202 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Computational mathematics",
"Approximations",
"Numerical analysis"
] |
1,285,760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrating%20oil | Penetrating oil, also known as penetrating fluid, is a low-viscosity oil. It can be used to free rusted mechanical parts (such as nuts and bolts) so that they can be removed, because it can penetrate into the narrow space between the threads of two parts. It can also be used as a cleaner; however, it should not be use... | Penetrating oil | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 186 | [
"Oils",
"Carbohydrates",
"Materials stubs",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
1,285,827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam%20distillation | Steam distillation is a separation process that consists of distilling water together with other volatile and non-volatile components. The steam from the boiling water carries the vapor of the volatiles to a condenser; both are cooled and return to the liquid or solid state, while the non-volatile residues remain behi... | Steam distillation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,159 | [
"Distillation",
"Separation processes"
] |
1,286,190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%20chloride | Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl. The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li+ ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of wa... | Lithium chloride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 906 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Lithium salts",
"Salts",
"Desiccants",
"Materials",
"Metal halides",
"Matter"
] |
1,286,222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrometric%20cone | Pyrometric cones are pyrometric devices that are used to gauge heatwork during the firing of ceramic materials in a kiln. The cones, often used in sets of three, are positioned in a kiln with the wares to be fired and, because the individual cones in a set soften and fall over at different temperatures, they provide a ... | Pyrometric cone | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,178 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Temperature",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
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