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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
37,753,134	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CuproBraze	CuproBraze is a copper-alloy heat exchanger technology for high-temperature and pressure environments such as those in modern diesel engines. The technology, developed by the International Copper Association (ICA), is licensed for free to heat exchanger manufacturers around the world. Applications for CuproBraze inclu...	CuproBraze	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	2,907	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Copper alloys", "Chemical equipment", "Alloys", "Thermodynamics", "Heat exchangers" ]
37,753,951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internally%20grooved%20copper%20tube	Internally grooved copper tubes, also known as "microfin tubes", are a small diameter coil technology for modern air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Grooved coils facilitate more efficient heat transfer than smooth coils. Small diameter coils have better rates of heat transfer than conventionally-sized condense...	Internally grooved copper tube	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,988	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Chemical equipment", "Thermodynamics", "Heat exchangers", "Heat conduction" ]
37,755,119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20and%20bulk%20erosion	Surface and bulk erosion are two different forms of erosion that describe how a degrading polymer erodes. In surface erosion, the polymer degrades from the exterior surface. The inside of the material does not degrade until all the surrounding material around it has been degraded. In bulk erosion, degradation occurs...	Surface and bulk erosion	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	779	[ "Biomaterials", "Biological engineering", "Biomedical engineering", "Materials", "Polymer chemistry", "Polymers", "Matter", "Medical technology" ]
26,463,161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novikov%27s%20compact%20leaf%20theorem	In mathematics, Novikov's compact leaf theorem, named after Sergei Novikov, states that A codimension-one foliation of a compact 3-manifold whose universal covering space is not contractible must have a compact leaf. Novikov's compact leaf theorem for S3 Theorem: A smooth codimension-one foliation of the 3-sphere S...	Novikov's compact leaf theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	416	[ "Mathematical theorems", "Mathematical problems", "Topology", "Theorems in topology" ]
26,467,595	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile%20salt%20sulfotransferase	Bile salt sulfotransferase also known as hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (ST2A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2A1 gene. Function Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. These cyt...	Bile salt sulfotransferase	[ "Chemistry" ]	175	[ "Post-translational modification", "Gene expression", "Biochemical reactions" ]
26,469,213	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talampanel	Talampanel (INN; development codes GYKI 537773 and LY300164) is a drug which has been investigated for the treatment of epilepsy, malignant gliomas, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As of May 2010, results from the trial for ALS have been found negative. Talampanel is not currently under development. Talampan...	Talampanel	[ "Chemistry" ]	189	[ "Drug safety", "Abandoned drugs" ]
45,214,668	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRKY%20transcription%20factor	WRKY transcription factors (pronounced ‘worky’) are proteins that bind DNA. They are transcription factors that regulate many processes in plants and algae (Viridiplantae), such as the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, senescence, seed dormancy and seed germination and some developmental processes but also cont...	WRKY transcription factor	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,133	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
45,223,069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4	Cas scaffolding protein family member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASS4 gene. History and discovery CASS4 (Crk associated substrate 4) is the fourth and last described member of the CAS protein family. CASS4 was detected by Singh et al. in 2008 following in silico screening of databases describing...	CASS4	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,543	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
48,186,544	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BgK	BgK is a neurotoxin found within secretions of the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera which blocks voltage-gated potassium channels, thus inhibiting neuronal repolarization. Etymology The neurotoxin was named BgK, with the Bg representing the Latin taxonomy (Bunodosoma granulifera) of the specific sea anemone from wh...	BgK	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,067	[ "Neurochemistry", "Neurotoxins" ]
48,187,627	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elagolix	Elagolix, sold under the brand name Orilissa, is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist) medication which is used in the treatment of pain associated with endometriosis in women. It is also under development for the treatment of uterine fibroids and heavy menstrual bleeding in women. The medicatio...	Elagolix	[ "Chemistry" ]	6,939	[ "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Ethers", "Amines", "Bases (chemistry)" ]
48,188,195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relugolix	Relugolix, sold under the brand names Orgovyx and Relumina among others, is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH receptor antagonist) medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men and uterine fibroids in women. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of relugolix include menstrual abnorma...	Relugolix	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,662	[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Ethers", "Ureas" ]
25,068,575	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcome%E2%80%93MRC%20Cambridge%20Stem%20Cell%20Institute	The Cambridge Stem Cell Institute at the University of Cambridge is a research centre for the nature and potential medical uses of stem cells. It is located on the Cambridge Biomedical Campus in Cambridge, England and was originally funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council. The main areas of stud...	Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	173	[ "Translational medicine", "Tissue engineering", "Stem cell research" ]
25,069,073	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer%20paint	Hammer paint (or hammered paint) is a special lacquer with a surface that looks like hammered metal when dried. It is also known as hammertone. Composition The slightly iridescent areas are caused by the different orientation of very small shiny particles, which are suspended in the lacquer. These particles are often ...	Hammer paint	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	304	[ "Paints", "Materials stubs", "Coatings", "Materials", "Matter" ]
25,069,467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett%20acceptance%20ratio	The Bennett acceptance ratio method (BAR) is an algorithm for estimating the difference in free energy between two systems (usually the systems will be simulated on the computer). It was suggested by Charles H. Bennett in 1976. Preliminaries Take a system in a certain super (i.e. Gibbs) state. By performing a Metropo...	Bennett acceptance ratio	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,325	[ "Statistical mechanics", "Thermodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
25,069,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20cluster	A crystal cluster is a group of crystals which are formed in an open space environment and exhibit euhedral crystal form determined by their internal crystal structure. A cluster of small crystals coating the walls of a cavity are called druse. See also References Further reading "Mechanical and Physical Properties...	Crystal cluster	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	78	[ "Materials science stubs", "Materials science", "Crystallography stubs", "Crystallography", "Crystals", "Condensed matter physics" ]
25,070,208	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversing%20drum%20mixer	A reversing drum mixer (also commonly called a non-tilting mixer) is a type of concrete mixer that produces concrete in single batches. The entire drum rotates around its axis as materials are loaded through a charge chute at one end of the drum and exit through a discharge chute at the opposite end of the drum. Mixi...	Reversing drum mixer	[ "Engineering" ]	290	[ "Structural engineering", "Concrete", "Civil engineering", "Civil engineering stubs" ]
25,077,398	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian%20coherent%20structure	Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) are distinguished surfaces of trajectories in a dynamical system that exert a major influence on nearby trajectories over a time interval of interest. The type of this influence may vary, but it invariably creates a coherent trajectory pattern for which the underlying LCS serves as...	Lagrangian coherent structure	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	6,322	[ "Turbulence", "Dynamical systems", "Chemical engineering", "Mechanics", "Piping", "Flow visualization", "Fluid dynamics" ]
39,214,059	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%E2%80%93Vinet%20equation%20of%20state	The Rose–Vinet equation of state is a set of equations used to describe the equation of state of solid objects. It is a modification of the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. The initial paper discusses how the equation only depends on four inputs: the isothermal bulk modulus , the derivative of bulk modulus with respe...	Rose–Vinet equation of state	[ "Physics" ]	147	[ "Solid mechanics", "Equations of physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Classical mechanics stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Equations of state" ]
39,223,191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISASMELT	The ISASMELT process is an energy-efficient smelting process that was jointly developed from the 1970s to the 1990s by Mount Isa Mines (a subsidiary of MIM Holdings and now part of Glencore) and the Government of Australia's CSIRO. It has relatively low capital and operating costs for a smelting process. ISASMELT tech...	ISASMELT	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	8,421	[ "Smelting", "Metallurgical processes", "Metallurgy", "Industrial engineering", "Industrial furnaces", "Environmental engineering", "Industrial ecology" ]
36,307,450	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive%20transport%20modeling%20in%20porous%20media	Reactive transport modeling in porous media refers to the creation of computer models integrating chemical reaction with transport of fluids through the Earth's crust. Such models predict the distribution in space and time of the chemical reactions that occur along a flowpath. Reactive transport modeling in general can...	Reactive transport modeling in porous media	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,680	[ "Transport phenomena", "Chemical engineering", "Physical phenomena", "nan" ]
36,313,540	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton%20spin%20crisis	The proton spin crisis (or proton spin puzzle) is a theoretical crisis precipitated by a 1987 experiment by the European Muon Collaboration (EMC), which tried to determine the distribution of spin within the proton. Physicists expected that the quarks carry all a proton's spin. However, not only was the total proton s...	Proton spin crisis	[ "Physics" ]	891	[ "Unsolved problems in physics" ]
41,948,238	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse%20scheduling%20problem	The nurse scheduling problem (NSP), also called the nurse rostering problem (NRP), is the operations research problem of finding an optimal way to assign nurses to shifts, typically with a set of hard constraints which all valid solutions must follow, and a set of soft constraints which define the relative quality of v...	Nurse scheduling problem	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	622	[ "Physical quantities", "Time", "Optimal scheduling", "Industrial engineering", "Time management", "Spacetime" ]
23,558,865	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseflow%20residence%20time	Baseflow residence time (often mean baseflow residence time) is a parameter useful in describing the mixing of waters from the infiltration of precipitation and pre-event groundwater in a watershed. It describes the average amount of time that water within the transient water supply resides in a watershed. Many methods...	Baseflow residence time	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	157	[ "Hydrology", "Environmental engineering" ]
23,560,902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-26%20variants	More than 50 different modifications and experimental vehicles based on the T-26 light infantry tank chassis were developed in the USSR in the 1930s, with 23 modifications going into series production. The majority were armoured combat vehicles: flame tanks, artillery tractors, radio-controlled tanks (teletanks), milit...	T-26 variants	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,115	[ "Chemical weapon delivery systems", "Chemical weapons" ]
31,121,915	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discontinuity%20%28geotechnical%20engineering%29	In geotechnical engineering, a discontinuity (often referred to as a joint) is a plane or surface that marks a change in physical or chemical characteristics in a soil or rock mass. A discontinuity can be, for example, a bedding, schistosity, foliation, joint, cleavage, fracture, fissure, crack, or fault plane. A divi...	Discontinuity (geotechnical engineering)	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	630	[ "Soil mechanics", "Mining engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]
31,122,086	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysilazane	In organosilicon chemistry, polysilazanes are polymers in which silicon and nitrogen atoms alternate to form the basic backbone (). Since each silicon atom is bound to two separate nitrogen atoms and each nitrogen atom to two silicon atoms, both chains and rings of the formula occur. R can be hydrogen atoms or organic...	Polysilazane	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,010	[ "Inorganic polymers", "Inorganic compounds" ]
31,122,751	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C13H12O8	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C13H12O8}} The molecular formula C13H12O8 (molar mass: 296.23 g/mol, exact mass: 296.0532 u) may refer to: Caffeoylmalic acid Coutaric acid Molecular formulas	C13H12O8	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	63	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
31,122,867	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech%20interference%20level	Speech Interference Level (SIL) is an acoustical parameter calculated from sound pressure levels measured in octave bands. It is used to characterize a noise signal in the frequency range where the human ear has its highest sensitivity. The Speech Interference Level is calculated as the arithmetic mean of unweighted ...	Speech interference level	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	168	[ "Quantity", "Sound measurements", "Physical quantities" ]
31,124,187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20ions%20in%20aqueous%20solution	A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H2O)n]z+. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have higher sol...	Metal ions in aqueous solution	[ "Chemistry" ]	7,911	[ "Homogeneous chemical mixtures", "Solutions" ]
31,126,328	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TcoF-DB	The Dragon Database for Human Transcription Co-Factors and Transcription Factor Interacting Proteins (TcoF-DB) is a database that facilitates the exploration of proteins involved in the regulation of transcription in humans by binding to regulatory DNA regions (transcription factors) and proteins involved in the regula...	TcoF-DB	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	126	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Gene expression", "Signal transduction", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics", "Biophysics", "Induced stem cells", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Biological databases", "Transcription factors" ]
31,129,066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparagen	Reparagen is a joint health product that scientists at Albany Medical College ran clinical trials on to test the theory that the combination of Uncaria guianensis and Lepidium meyenii can turn on Insulin-like growth factor References Genetic diseases and disorders	Reparagen	[ "Chemistry" ]	54	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology stubs", "Medicinal chemistry stubs" ]
31,131,470	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot-assisted%20double%20heart%20valve%20replacement	The first robot-assisted double heart valve replacement was carried out in the Chennai region of India at Chettinad Health City. This is the first instance of such a procedure using robotic surgery. The surgery was carried out by Dr R. Ravi Kumar, the director of the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and head of the ...	Robot-assisted double heart valve replacement	[ "Biology" ]	84	[ "Biotechnology stubs", "Medical technology stubs", "Medical technology" ]
31,131,659	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomsen%E2%80%93Friedenreich%20antigen	Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) is a disaccharide that serves as a core 1 structure in O-linked glycosylation. First described by Thomsen as a red blood cell's antigen, later research have determined it to be an oncofetal antigen. it is present in the body as a part of membrane transport proteins...	Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	146	[ "Biochemistry", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry stubs", "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology" ]
46,569,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20Security	London Security is a British fire protection company based in Elland, West Yorkshire, England. London Security has 200,000 customers in the UK, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria and Luxembourg. It is 98% owned by its chairman, Tony Murray. References External links Companies based in Elland Building materials comp...	London Security	[ "Engineering" ]	69	[ "Building engineering", "Fire protection" ]
46,571,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoryl%20group	A phosphoryl group is a trivalent group, consisting of a phosphorus atom (symbol P) and an oxygen atom (symbol O), where the three free valencies are on the phosphorus atom. While commonly depicted as possessing a double bond (P=O) the bonding is in fact non-classical. Despite that, the meaning of the term "phosphory...	Phosphoryl group	[ "Chemistry" ]	568	[ "Functional groups" ]
46,571,441	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%2C%20archaeal%20and%20plant%20plastid%20code	The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code (translation table 11) is the DNA code used by bacteria, archaea, prokaryotic viruses and chloroplast proteins. It is essentially the same as the standard code, however there are some variations in alternative start codons. The code As in the standard code, initiation is...	Bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	537	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Biosynthesis", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
46,571,676	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20mold%2C%20protozoan%2C%20and%20coelenterate%20mitochondrial%20code%20and%20the%20mycoplasma/spiroplasma%20code	The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon. The code AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQ...	The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,203	[ "Protein biosynthesis", "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Biosynthesis", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
50,602,087	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic%20MRI%20Pulses	Adiabatic radio frequency (RF) pulses are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to achieve excitation that is insensitive to spatial inhomogeneities in the excitation field or off-resonances in the sampled object. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are often performed with surface transceiver coils that h...	Adiabatic MRI Pulses	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,867	[ "Nuclear magnetic resonance", "Magnetic resonance imaging" ]
29,760,118	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansen%27s%20linkage	Jansen's linkage is a planar leg mechanism designed by the kinetic sculptor Theo Jansen to generate a smooth walking motion. Jansen has used his mechanism in a variety of kinetic sculptures which are known as (Dutch for "beach beasts"). Jansen's linkage bears artistic as well as mechanical merit for its simulation of ...	Jansen's linkage	[ "Engineering" ]	282	[ "Robotics engineering", "Robot kinematics" ]
29,763,411	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stodola%27s%20cone%20law	The Law of the Ellipse, or Stodola's cone law, is a method for calculating highly nonlinear dependence of extraction pressures with a flow for multistage turbine with high backpressure, when the turbine nozzles are not choked. It is important in turbine off-design calculations. Description Stodola's cone law, consid...	Stodola's cone law	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	878	[ "Engines", "Turbomachinery", "Turbines", "Energy engineering", "Jet engines", "Power engineering", "Electrical engineering" ]
29,763,819	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushiki%27s%20theorem	In mathematics, particularly in the study of functions of several complex variables, Ushiki's theorem, named after S. Ushiki, states that certain well-behaved functions cannot have certain kinds of well-behaved invariant manifolds. The theorem A biholomorphic mapping cannot have a 1-dimensional compact smooth invari...	Ushiki's theorem	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	281	[ "Theorems in mathematical analysis", "Functions and mappings", "Several complex variables", "Theorems in complex analysis", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical relations", "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
29,767,475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20lens	A flat lens is a lens whose flat shape allows it to provide distortion-free imaging, potentially with arbitrarily-large apertures. The term is also used to refer to other lenses that provide a negative index of refraction. Flat lenses require a refractive index close to −1 over a broad angular range. In recent years, f...	Flat lens	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,707	[ "Metamaterials", "Materials science" ]
33,693,150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C12H14O2	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C12H14O2}} The molecular formula C12H14O2 (molar mass: 190.24 g/mol) may refer to: Butylphthalide (3-n-butylphthalide or NBP) Ligustilide	C12H14O2	[ "Chemistry" ]	66	[ "Isomerism", "Set index articles on molecular formulas" ]
33,693,638	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battlefield%204	Battlefield 4 is a 2013 first-person shooter video game developed by DICE and published by Electronic Arts. The game was released in October and November for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, and is the sequel to 2011's Battlefield 3, taking place six years later during the fictio...	Battlefield 4	[ "Physics" ]	7,504	[ "Asymmetrical multiplayer video games", "Symmetry", "Asymmetry" ]
33,694,818	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophorbide	Pheophorbide or phaeophorbide is a product of chlorophyll breakdown and a derivative of pheophytin where both the central magnesium has been removed and the phytol tail has been hydrolyzed. It is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Pheophorbide may be generated by digestion of ingested plant matter. Bot...	Pheophorbide	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	133	[ "Biochemistry stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Biochemistry", "nan" ]
33,698,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPS%20operon	The capsule biosynthesis, or CPS operon, is a section of the genome present in some Escherichia coli, of which regulates the production of polysaccharides making up the bacterial capsule. These polysaccharides help protect the bacteria from harsh environments, toxic chemicals, and bacteriophages. The CPS operon contai...	CPS operon	[ "Chemistry" ]	316	[ "Operons", "Gene expression" ]
33,700,433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20steam%20technology%20patents	List of steam technology patents. This is a list of patents relating to steam engines, steam locomotives, boilers, steam accumulators, condensers, etc. Belgian patents BE 904602 (A1), 1986, Boiler fed water heater - has flue gas closed-circuit heat exchanger contg. pure water with self-regulating operation British...	List of steam technology patents	[ "Physics" ]	939	[ "Power (physics)", "Steam power", "Physical quantities" ]
33,702,384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T1%20process	A T1 process (or topological rearrangement process of the first kind) is one of the main processes by which cellular materials such as foams or biological tissues change shapes. It involves four discrete objects such as bubbles, drops, cells, etc. The four objects are initially arranged in a plane in the following way....	T1 process	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	278	[ "Spacetime", "Topology", "Space", "Geometry" ]
33,702,893	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20rheology	Surface rheology is a description of the rheological properties of a free surface. When perfectly pure, the interface between fluids usually displays only surface tension. The stress within a fluid interface can be affected by the adsorption of surfactants in several ways: Change in the surface concentration of surfac...	Surface rheology	[ "Chemistry" ]	361	[ "Rheology", "Fluid dynamics" ]
40,510,551	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screened%20porch	A screened porch, also known as a screen room, is a type of porch or similar structure on or near the exterior of a house that has been covered by window screens in order to hinder insects, debris, and other undesirable objects from entering the area inside the screen. Typically created to enhance the livability of a ...	Screened porch	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	497	[ "Building engineering", "Landscape architecture", "Rooms", "Architectural elements", "Components", "Architecture" ]
40,512,332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuum%20percolation%20theory	In mathematics and probability theory, continuum percolation theory is a branch of mathematics that extends discrete percolation theory to continuous space (often Euclidean space ). More specifically, the underlying points of discrete percolation form types of lattices whereas the underlying points of continuum percola...	Continuum percolation theory	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,383	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Percolation theory", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Combinatorics", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
40,513,454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clohessy%E2%80%93Wiltshire%20equations	The Clohessy–Wiltshire equations describe a simplified model of orbital relative motion, in which the target is in a circular orbit, and the chaser spacecraft is in an elliptical or circular orbit. This model gives a first-order approximation of the chaser's motion in a target-centered coordinate system. It is used to ...	Clohessy–Wiltshire equations	[ "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	538	[ "Astrodynamics", "Spaceflight", "Outer space", "Aerospace engineering" ]
40,517,576	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology%20of%20Fishing%20Creek%20%28North%20Branch%20Susquehanna%20River%20tributary%29	Fishing Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Hydrology involves the discharge, the pH, the chemical hydrology, the dams, and the water temperature. Data has been gathered from a United States Geological Survey gauging station near Bloomsburg, Pennsylvani...	Hydrology of Fishing Creek (North Branch Susquehanna River tributary)	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	3,384	[ "Hydrology", "Environmental engineering" ]
40,518,246	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube-based%20nanostructure	Tube-based nanostructures are nanolattices made of connected tubes and exhibit nanoscale organization above the molecular level. Lattices Lattices are structures formed of arrays of uniformly sized cells. Ceramic lattice nanostructures have been formed using hollow tubes of titanium nitride (TiN). Using vertex-connect...	Tube-based nanostructure	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	566	[ "Ceramic engineering", "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Ceramic materials", "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology", "Nanomaterials", "Matter" ]
37,759,555	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Radiation%20Protection%20Association	The International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) is an independent non-profit association of national and regional radiation protection societies, and its mission is to advance radiation protection throughout the world. It is the international professional association for radiation protection. IRPA is recogni...	International Radiation Protection Association	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	1,043	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Nuclear organizations", "Waves", "Radiation", "Nuclear energy", "Nuclear physics", "Energy organizations", "Radioactivity" ]
37,761,264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grothendieck%E2%80%93Teichm%C3%BCller%20group	In mathematics, the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group GT is a group closely related to (and possibly equal to) the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. It was introduced by and named after Alexander Grothendieck and Oswald Teichmüller, based on Grothendieck's suggestion in his 1984 essay Esquisse d'un Programme...	Grothendieck–Teichmüller group	[ "Mathematics" ]	246	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Number theory" ]
37,763,802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014%20aluminium%20alloy	2014 aluminium alloy (aluminum) is an aluminium-based alloy often used in the aerospace industry. It is easily machined in certain tempers, and among the strongest available aluminium alloys, as well as having high hardness. However, it is difficult to weld, as it is subject to cracking. 2014 is the second most popul...	2014 aluminium alloy	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	682	[ "Aerospace engineering", "Aerospace materials", "Alloys", "Aluminium alloys" ]
37,763,925	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque%20amplifier	A torque amplifier is a mechanical device that amplifies the torque of a rotating shaft without affecting its rotational speed. It is mechanically related to the capstan seen on ships. Its most widely known use is in power steering on automobiles. Another use is on the differential analyser, where it was used to increa...	Torque amplifier	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	1,142	[ "Mechanical amplifiers", "Mechanical power control", "Mechanics", "Mechanical power transmission", "Amplifiers" ]
37,764,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxychlorination	In chemistry, oxychlorination is a process for generating the equivalent of chlorine gas (Cl2) from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. This process is attractive industrially because hydrogen chloride is less expensive than chlorine. Mechanism The reaction is usually initiated by copper(II) chloride (CuCl2), which is the ...	Oxychlorination	[ "Chemistry" ]	538	[ "Inorganic reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
37,765,984	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattop%20%28critical%20assembly%29	Flattop is a benchmark critical assembly that is used to study the nuclear characteristics of uranium-233, uranium-235, and plutonium-239 in spherical geometries surrounded by a relatively thick natural uranium neutron reflector. Flattop assemblies are used to measure neutron activation and reactivity coefficients. Si...	Flattop (critical assembly)	[ "Physics" ]	509	[ "Nuclear technology", "Nuclear physics" ]
37,771,398	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRF51%20series	The nRF51 Series SoCs are a family of ultra low-power wireless SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor. The nRF51 series are designed to enable a wide range of wireless embedded systems and consumer electronic products in many different fields of wireless connectivity including wearable devices, computer peripherals, mobile pho...	NRF51 series	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	211	[ "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
35,314,773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai-Ming%20Ho	Kai-Ming Ho is a senior physicist at Ames Laboratory and distinguished professor in Department of Physics and Astronomy at Iowa State University. Honors 2012 Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics (American Physical Society) External links Personal website 21st-century American physicists Iowa State Univ...	Kai-Ming Ho	[ "Physics" ]	86	[ "Computational physicists", "Computational physics" ]
35,314,983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viability%20theory	Viability theory is an area of mathematics that studies the evolution of dynamical systems under constraints on the system state. It was developed to formalize problems arising in the study of various natural and social phenomena, and has close ties to the theories of optimal control and set-valued analysis. Motivatio...	Viability theory	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	995	[ "Mechanics", "Dynamical systems" ]
35,317,869	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20isomers%20of%20nonane	This is the list of structural isomers of nonane. There are 35. Straight-chain Nonane Octanes 2-Methyloctane 3-Methyloctane 4-Methyloctane Heptanes Dimethylheptanes 2,2-Dimethylheptane 2,3-Dimethylheptane 2,4-Dimethylheptane 2,5-Dimethylheptane 2,6-Dimethylheptane 3,3-Dimethylheptane 3,4-Dimethylheptane 3,5-Dimethy...	List of isomers of nonane	[ "Chemistry" ]	473	[ "Hydrocarbons", "Stereochemistry", "Organic compounds", "Lists of isomers of alkanes", "Isomerism" ]
35,318,832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20isomers%20of%20dodecane	This is the list of 355 isomers of dodecane. Straight-chain Dodecane Undecane 2-Methylundecane 3-Methylundecane 4-Methylundecane 5-Methylundecane 6-Methylundecane Decane Dimethyl 2,2-Dimethyldecane 2,3-Dimethyldecane 2,4-Dimethyldecane 2,5-Dimethyldecane 2,6-Dimethyldecane 2,7-Dimethyldecane 2,8-Dimethyldecane 2,9...	List of isomers of dodecane	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,369	[ "Organic compounds", "Isomerism", "Hydrocarbons", "Lists of isomers of alkanes" ]
35,319,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational%20safety%20and%20health	Occupational safety and health (OSH) or occupational health and safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work (i.e., while performing duties required by one's occupation). OSH is related to the fields of occupational medicine and occupational hygiene and alig...	Occupational safety and health	[ "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	13,089	[ "Safety engineering", "Systems engineering", "Environmental social science" ]
35,324,195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C34H22O22	The molecular formula C34H22O22 (molar mass: 782.52 g/mol, exact mass: 782.060272 u) may refer to: Punicalin, an ellagitannin found in pomegranates 4,6-isoterchébuloyl-D-glucose, an ellagitannin found in Terminalia macroptera Molecular formulas	C34H22O22	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	86	[ "Molecules", "Set index articles on molecular formulas", "Isomerism", "Molecular formulas", "Matter" ]
45,227,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monier%20Ventilation%20Shaft%201	Monier Ventilation Shaft 1 is a heritage-listed ventilation shaft at 500 Wickham Terrace, Spring Hill, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Joseph Monier and built . It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 August 1998. History The Monier Ventilation Shafts are thought to have been...	Monier Ventilation Shaft 1	[ "Chemistry", "Environmental_science" ]	2,103	[ "Water treatment", "Stormwater management", "Water pollution" ]
45,228,541	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TaxiBot	The TaxiBot, developed by the Lahav Division of Israel Aerospace Industries, is a semi-robotic, towbarless aircraft tractor. Its primary function is to transport an aircraft from the terminal gate to the take-off area (taxi-out phase) and back to the gate post-landing (taxi-in phase). TaxiBot has been suspected to be ...	TaxiBot	[ "Engineering" ]	325	[ "Engineering vehicles", "Tractors" ]
45,230,173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular%20vibrational%20energy%20redistribution	Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) is a process in which energy is redistributed between different quantum states of a vibrationally excited molecule, which is required by successful theories explaining unimolecular reaction rates such as RRKM theory. Such theories assume a full statistical redistri...	Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	113	[ "Quantum chemistry stubs", "Chemical reaction engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Quantum chemistry", "Molecular physics", "Chemical process engineering", "Theoretical chemistry stubs", "Quantum mechanics", "Chemical processes", "Theoretical chemistry", " molecular", "nan",...
45,233,993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20space%20exploration	Design Space Exploration (DSE) refers to systematic analysis and pruning of unwanted design points based on parameters of interest. While the term DSE can apply to any kind of system, we refer to electronic and embedded system design in this article. Given the complex specification of electronic systems and the pletho...	Design space exploration	[ "Engineering" ]	531	[ "Systems engineering", "Industrial engineering" ]
48,191,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allendeite	Allendeite, Sc4Zr3O12, is an oxide mineral. Allendeite was discovered in a small ultrarefractory inclusion within the Allende meteorite. This inclusion has been named ACM-1. It is one of several scandium rich minerals that have been found in meteorites. Allendeite is trigonal, with a calculated density of 4.84 g/cm3. ...	Allendeite	[ "Physics" ]	505	[ "Natural materials", "Materials", "Matter" ]
48,201,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPOPS-II	GPOPS-II (pronounced "GPOPS 2") is a general-purpose MATLAB software for solving continuous optimal control problems using hp-adaptive Gaussian quadrature collocation and sparse nonlinear programming. The acronym GPOPS stands for "General Purpose OPtimal Control Software", and the Roman numeral "II" refers to the fact...	GPOPS-II	[ "Mathematics" ]	707	[ "Numerical software", "Mathematical software" ]
48,204,219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogalvanic%20cell	In electrochemistry, a thermogalvanic cell is a kind of galvanic cell in which heat is employed to provide electrical power directly. These cells are electrochemical cells in which the two electrodes are deliberately maintained at different temperatures. This temperature difference generates a potential difference betw...	Thermogalvanic cell	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,169	[ "Electrochemistry" ]
26,477,771	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary%20action%20through%20synthetic%20mesh	Capillary action through synthetic mesh is the result of the intermolecular attraction between moisture and semi-synthetic polymers, causing a current of thermionic energy through a specific pathway within a mesh material. The combination of the adhesive forces and the surface tension that arises from cohesion produce...	Capillary action through synthetic mesh	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	410	[ "Organic polymers", "Molecular physics", "Chemical engineering", "Semiconductor materials", "Molecular electronics", "Organic compounds", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics", "Nanotechnology", "Organic semiconductors" ]
26,478,301	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRAS	SRAS (spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy) a non-destructive acoustic microscopy microstructural-crystallographic characterization technique commonly used in the study of crystalline or polycrystalline materials. The technique can provide information about the structure and crystallographic orientation of the mate...	SRAS	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,355	[ "Molecular physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Instrumental analysis", "Materials science", "Crystallography", "Condensed matter physics", "Spectroscopy" ]
26,480,606	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade%20Creek%20Project	The Mira Loma Arcade Creek Project was a project studying the riparian corridor of an urban watershed in Sacramento, California. It consisted of eleven studies which measured the health of Arcade Creek and was run entirely by students of Mira Loma High School and five faculty advisers. As of 2017, there were 346 studen...	Arcade Creek Project	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	580	[ "Ecological restoration", "Environmental engineering" ]
26,480,895	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterobarb	Eterobarb (Antilon) is a barbiturate derivative. It has mainly anticonvulsant action with less sedative effects than the closely related compound phenobarbital. It saw reasonable success in clinical trials, but is not in widespread medical use. Synthesis Eterobarb can be synthesized by reacting phenobarbital with chlo...	Eterobarb	[ "Chemistry" ]	96	[ "Organic compounds", "Functional groups", "Ethers" ]
26,481,832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola%20of%20safety	In classical mechanics and ballistics, the parabola of safety or safety parabola is the envelope of the parabolic trajectories of projectiles shot from a certain point with a given speed at different angles to horizon in a fixed vertical plane. The fact that this envelope is a parabola had been first established by Eva...	Parabola of safety	[ "Physics" ]	276	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Ballistics" ]
26,482,358	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20flow	Relativistic heavy-ion collisions produce very large numbers of subatomic particles in all directions. In such collisions, flow refers to how energy, momentum, and number of these particles varies with direction, and elliptic flow is a measure of how the flow is not uniform in all directions when viewed along the beam...	Elliptic flow	[ "Physics" ]	277	[ "Nuclear physics", "Astrophysics", "Quark matter" ]
26,486,063	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate-integrated%20waveguide	A substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) (also known as post-wall waveguide or laminated waveguide) is a synthetic rectangular electromagnetic waveguide formed in a dielectric substrate by densely arraying metallized posts or via holes that connect the upper and lower metal plates of the substrate. The waveguide can be e...	Substrate-integrated waveguide	[ "Engineering" ]	2,484	[ "Electronic design", "Electronic engineering", "Electronics manufacturing", "Design" ]
49,459,416	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2061000-4-5	IEC 61000-4-5 is an international standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission on surge immunity. In an electrical installation, disruptive surges can appear on power and data lines. Their sources include abrupt load switching and faults in the power system, as well as induced lightning transients from an ...	IEC 61000-4-5	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,941	[ "Electromagnetic compatibility", "Radio electronics", "Computer standards", "IEC standards", "Electrical engineering" ]
49,462,636	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Italian%20oil%20drilling%20referendum	An abrogative referendum on oil and natural gas drilling was held in Italy on 17 April 2016. The referendum was on the proposed repealing of a law that allows gas and oil drilling concessions extracting hydrocarbon within 12 nautical miles of the Italian coast to be prolonged until the exhaustion of the useful life of ...	2016 Italian oil drilling referendum	[ "Chemistry" ]	548	[ "Petroleum technology", "Oil wells" ]
49,466,458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20tooling	Rapid tooling (RT) in the plastic injection molding industry refers to molds that are manufactured in a very short period of time, also known as prototype tooling. Some of the main advantages to rapid tooling trades is that it decreases the time and cost of the product. With rapid tools being fast and easily reproducib...	Rapid tooling	[ "Engineering" ]	472	[ "Computer-aided design", "Design engineering", "Manufacturing", "Mechanical engineering" ]
32,107,744	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIN%201025	DIN 1025 is a DIN standard which defines the dimensions, masses and sectional properties of hot rolled I-beams. The standard is divided in 5 parts: DIN 1025-1: Hot rolled I-sections - Part 1: Narrow flange I-sections, I-serie - Dimensions, masses, sectional properties DIN 1025-2: Hot rolled I-beams - Part 2: Wide fl...	DIN 1025	[ "Engineering" ]	205	[ "Structural engineering", "Structural steel", "Structural engineering standards" ]
32,109,190	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantiers%20et%20Ateliers%20Augustin%20Normand	Chantiers et Ateliers A. Normand was a French shipyard in Le Havre. They were notable for building small warships since the late 1850s to the early part of the 20th century. They also developed the Normand boiler, an early design of three-drum water-tube boiler. Shipyards of France Le Havre Former submarine builders	Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand	[ "Engineering" ]	69	[ "Mechanical engineering stubs", "Mechanical engineering" ]
32,115,422	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical%20centre%20of%20Ireland	The Geographical Centre of Ireland, according to an investigation and calculation carried out by the Official Irish Government Mapping Agency, Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI) published on the official OSI website on 24 February 2022 is near the village of Castletown Geoghegan, County Westmeath. The exact location lies a...	Geographical centre of Ireland	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	439	[ "Point (geometry)", "Geometric centers", "Geographical centres", "Symmetry" ]
32,122,623	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20manufacturing%20file%20format	Additive manufacturing file format (AMF) is an open standard for describing objects for additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing. The official ISO/ASTM 52915:2016 standard is an XML-based format designed to allow any computer-aided design software to describe the shape and composition of any 3D object to be...	Additive manufacturing file format	[ "Technology" ]	3,730	[ "Computer standards", "XML-based standards" ]
32,122,937	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20of%20Logic%20Based%20on%20Ordinals	Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals was the PhD dissertation of the mathematician Alan Turing. Turing's thesis is not about a new type of formal logic, nor was he interested in so-called "ranked logic" systems derived from ordinal or relative numbering, in which comparisons can be made between truth-states on the basis...	Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals	[ "Mathematics" ]	504	[ "Ordinal numbers", "Mathematical logic", "Mathematical objects", "Mathematical logic stubs", "Order theory", "Numbers" ]
39,224,245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YDS%20algorithm	YDS is a scheduling algorithm for dynamic speed scaling processors which minimizes the total energy consumption. It was named after and developed by Yao et al. There is both an online and an offline version of the algorithm. Offline Algorithm Definitions: There is a set of n Jobs , where each job has a release time ...	YDS algorithm	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	669	[ "Optimal scheduling", "Real-time computing", "Industrial engineering" ]
39,230,475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configurational%20mechanics	Configurational mechanics is a subdiscipline of continuum mechanics in which particular emphasis is placed on reckoning from the perspective of the material manifold. By contrast, in classical mechanics, reckoning is commonly made from the perspective of spatial coordinates. Configurational mechanics has been applied...	Configurational mechanics	[ "Physics" ]	96	[ "Classical mechanics stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Continuum mechanics" ]
31,134,176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyre	Phyre and Phyre2 (Protein Homology/AnalogY Recognition Engine; pronounced as fire) are free web-based services for protein structure prediction. Phyre is among the most popular methods for protein structure prediction having been cited over 1,500 times. Like other remote homology recognition techniques (see protein thr...	Phyre	[ "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	1,928	[ "Computational science", "Applied mathematics", "Bioinformatics", "Bioinformatics software" ]
31,135,900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Creek%20Chlorination%20House	The Edith Creek Chlorination House is a historic structure in Mount Rainier National Park, built by the National Park Service in 1930. The rustic structure was built as part of the water supply system to the Paradise area. The low concrete building with stone veneer cladding was built to withstand very heavy snow loads...	Edith Creek Chlorination House	[ "Chemistry" ]	238	[ "Water treatment", "Water treatment facilities" ]
31,136,418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octaazacubane	Octaazacubane is a hypothetical explosive allotrope of nitrogen with formula N8, whose molecules have eight atoms arranged into a cube. (By comparison, nitrogen usually occurs as the diatomic molecule N2.) It can be regarded as a cubane-type cluster, where all eight corners are nitrogen atoms bonded along the edges. I...	Octaazacubane	[ "Chemistry" ]	373	[ "Allotropes", "Allotropes of nitrogen", "Hypotheses in chemistry", "Theoretical chemistry", "Hypothetical chemical compounds", "Explosive chemicals" ]
31,142,113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-pronged%20parts%20retriever	A 3-pronged parts retriever, also known as a Pearl-Catcher, is a tool used by computer technicians. Design It consists of a length of tube of around 4 mm to 6 mm in diameter, often made of coiled steel springs, with a push-button on one end. Three metal wires protrude from the other end, each sprung to bend outwards, ...	3-pronged parts retriever	[ "Physics", "Technology" ]	265	[ "Physical systems", "Machines", "Lifting equipment" ]
31,142,581	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%E2%80%93Schmidt%20reduction	In mathematics, the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction or Lyapunov–Schmidt construction is used to study solutions to nonlinear equations in the case when the implicit function theorem does not work. It permits the reduction of infinite-dimensional equations in Banach spaces to finite-dimensional equations. It is named after A...	Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction	[ "Mathematics" ]	609	[ "Functional analysis", "Mathematical objects", "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical relations" ]
31,142,742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-independent%20hashing	In computer science, a family of hash functions is said to be k-independent, k-wise independent or k''-universal if selecting a function at random from the family guarantees that the hash codes of any designated k keys are independent random variables (see precise mathematical definitions below). Such families allow g...	K-independent hashing	[ "Engineering" ]	1,460	[ "Error detection and correction", "Reliability engineering" ]
31,144,433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunninghamella%20elegans	Cunninghamella elegans is a species of fungus in the genus Cunninghamella found in soil. It can be grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth, a liquid medium used for cultivation of yeasts and molds from liquid which are normally sterile. As opposed to C. bertholletiae, it is not a human pathogen, with the exception of two d...	Cunninghamella elegans	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,695	[ "Animal testing", "Fungi", "Fungus species", "Biotechnology", "Model organisms", "Alternatives to animal testing", "nan", "Fungal models" ]
25,082,219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic%20airfoils	A supersonic airfoil is a cross-section geometry designed to generate lift efficiently at supersonic speeds. The need for such a design arises when an aircraft is required to operate consistently in the supersonic flight regime. Supersonic airfoils generally have a thin section formed of either angled planes or oppose...	Supersonic airfoils	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	919	[ "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Aerodynamics", "Airspeed", "Aerospace engineering", "Piping", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Fluid dynamics" ]
25,082,257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reach%20%28mathematics%29	Let X be a subset of Rn. Then the reach of X is defined as Examples Shapes that have reach infinity include a single point, a straight line, a full square, and any convex set. The graph of ƒ(x) = \|x\| has reach zero. A circle of radius r has reach r. References Geometric measurement Real analysis Topology	Reach (mathematics)	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	72	[ "Geometric measurement", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Topology", "Space", "Geometry", "Spacetime" ]

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