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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
31,103,500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasoning%20system	In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction. Reasoning systems play an important role in the implementation of artificial intelligence and knowledge-based systems. By the everyday usage de...	Reasoning system	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,261	[ "Automated theorem proving", "Mathematical logic", "Cognitive architecture", "Computational mathematics", "Information systems", "Artificial intelligence engineering", "Expert systems" ]
31,104,438	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-tree	In graph theory, a k-tree is an undirected graph formed by starting with a (k + 1)-vertex complete graph and then repeatedly adding vertices in such a way that each added vertex v has exactly k neighbors U such that, together, the k + 1 vertices formed by v and U form a clique. Characterizations The k-trees are exactl...	K-tree	[ "Mathematics" ]	349	[ "Graph minor theory", "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory" ]
31,104,610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollonian%20network	In combinatorial mathematics, an Apollonian network is an undirected graph formed by a process of recursively subdividing a triangle into three smaller triangles. Apollonian networks may equivalently be defined as the planar 3-trees, the maximal planar chordal graphs, the uniquely 4-colorable planar graphs, and the gra...	Apollonian network	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,562	[ "Triangulation (geometry)", "Planes (geometry)", "Planar graphs" ]
36,284,621	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20experiment	The Wu experiment was a particle and nuclear physics experiment conducted in 1956 by the Chinese American physicist Chien-Shiung Wu in collaboration with the Low Temperature Group of the US National Bureau of Standards. The experiment's purpose was to establish whether or not conservation of parity (P-conservation), wh...	Wu experiment	[ "Physics" ]	3,432	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physics experiments", "Electroweak theory", "Experimental physics", "Fundamental interactions", "Asymmetry", "Symmetry" ]
36,291,111	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20adsorption%20constant	The Henry adsorption constant is the constant appearing in the linear adsorption isotherm, which formally resembles Henry's law; therefore, it is also called Henry's adsorption isotherm. It is named after British chemist William Henry. This is the simplest adsorption isotherm in that the amount of the surface adsorbate...	Henry adsorption constant	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	773	[ "Physical chemistry", "Statistical mechanics", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "nan" ]
36,292,499	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-%282-Hydroxypropyl%29%20methacrylamide	N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide or N-HPMA is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide). The polymer is water-soluble (highly hydrophilic), non-immunogenic and non-toxic, and resides in the blood circulation well. Thus, it is frequently used as macromolecular carrier for low molecu...	N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	381	[ "Monomers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
36,293,587	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionium%E2%80%93thorium%20dating	Ionium-thorium dating is a technique for determining the age of marine sediments based upon the quantities present of nearly stable thorium-232 and more radioactive thorium-230. (230Th was once known as ionium, before it was realised it was the same element as 232Th.) Uranium (in nature, predominantly uranium-238) is ...	Ionium–thorium dating	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	323	[ "Radiometric dating", "Nuclear chemistry stubs", "Nuclear and atomic physics stubs", "Nuclear physics", "Radioactivity" ]
33,668,371	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceresin	Ceresin (also cerin, cerasin, cerosin, ceresin wax or ceresine) is a wax derived from ozokerite by a purifying process. The purifying process of the ozokerite commonly comprises a treatment with heat and sulfuric acid, but other processes are also in use. Uses include: An alternative to beeswax in ointments (Histo...	Ceresin	[ "Physics" ]	140	[ "Materials", "Matter", "Waxes" ]
33,673,568	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%20equivalent	Oxygen equivalent compares the relative amount of oxygen available for respiration at a variable pressure to that available at SATP. As external respiration depends on the exchange of gases due to partial pressures across a semipermeable membrane and normally occurs at SATP, an oxygen equivalent may aid in recognizing...	Oxygen equivalent	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	340	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Equivalent quantities", "Diffusion", "Quantity", "Equivalent units", "Units of measurement" ]
41,925,824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwp1	Hwp1 (Hyphal wall protein 1) is a protein (glycoprotein) located on the surface of an opportunistic diploid fungus called Candida albicans. This "hyphal" denomination is due to Hwp1 appears exclusively on the surface of a projection called hyphae that emerges from the surface of this fungus. Hwp1 is particularly impo...	Hwp1	[ "Chemistry" ]	378	[ "Glycoproteins", "Glycobiology" ]
41,926,407	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-4%20120-cell%20honeycomb	In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the order-4 120-cell honeycomb is one of five compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). With Schläfli symbol {5,3,3,4}, it has four 120-cells around each face. Its dual is the order-5 tesseractic honeycomb, {4,3,3,5}. Related honeycombs It is related to the (or...	Order-4 120-cell honeycomb	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	178	[ "Tessellation", "Crystallography", "Honeycombs (geometry)", "Symmetry" ]
41,927,402	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20honeycomb%20honeycomb	In the geometry of hyperbolic 4-space, the cubic honeycomb honeycomb is one of two paracompact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs). It is called paracompact because it has infinite facets, whose vertices exist on 3-horospheres and converge to a single ideal point at infinity. With Schläfli symbol {4,3,4...	Cubic honeycomb honeycomb	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	359	[ "Tessellation", "Crystallography", "Honeycombs (geometry)", "Symmetry" ]
49,435,114	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20genetically%20modified%20crops	Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species. As of 2015, 26 plant species have been genetically modified and approved for...	List of genetically modified crops	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,215	[ "Biotechnology", "nan", "Genetic engineering", "Genetically modified organisms" ]
49,442,097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas%20Dynamic%20Trap	The Gas Dynamic Trap is a magnetic mirror machine being operated at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Akademgorodok, Russia. Technical specifications Dimensions The plasma inside the machine fills a cylinder of space, 7 meters long and 28 centimeters in diameter. The magnetic field varies along this tube. ...	Gas Dynamic Trap	[ "Chemistry" ]	395	[ "Particle traps", "Magnetic confinement fusion devices" ]
29,732,232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancroft%20point	A Bancroft point is the temperature where an azeotrope occurs in a binary system. Although vapor liquid azeotropy is impossible for binary systems which are rigorously described by Raoult's law, for real systems, azeotropy is inevitable at temperatures where the saturation vapor pressure of the components are equal. Su...	Bancroft point	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	152	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Phases of matter", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Dynamical systems", "Phase transitions", "Distillation", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Physical chemistry stubs", "Scalar physical quantities", "Temperature",...
29,733,801	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouse%20model	The Rouse model is frequently used in polymer physics. The Rouse model describes the conformational dynamics of an ideal chain. In this model, the single chain diffusion is represented by Brownian motion of beads connected by harmonic springs. There are no excluded volume interactions between the beads and each bead i...	Rouse model	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Biology" ]	271	[ "Polymer physics", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Biophysics", "Polymer chemistry", "Statistical mechanics" ]
40,489,816	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate-of-living%20theory	The rate of living theory postulates that the faster an organism's metabolism, the shorter its lifespan. First proposed by Max Rubner in 1908, the theory was based on his observation that smaller animals had faster metabolisms and shorter lifespans compared to larger animals with slower metabolisms. The theory gained f...	Rate-of-living theory	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	594	[ "Senescence", "Cellular processes", "Biochemistry", "Theories of biological ageing", "Metabolism" ]
40,491,703	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMes	SIMes (or H2Imes) is an N-heterocyclic carbene. It is a white solid that dissolves in organic solvents. The compound is used as a ligand in organometallic chemistry. It is structurally related to the more common ligand IMes but with a saturated backbone (the S of SIMes indicates a saturated backbone). It is slightly...	SIMes	[ "Chemistry" ]	129	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Organic compounds", "Carbenes", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
40,494,287	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaj%20Riska	Kaj Antero Riska (born January 25, 1953, Helsinki, Finland) is a naval architect and engineer with expertise in ice and arctic technology. He has written various publications about ice-going ships and icebreaker design, ice loads and ice management for arctic offshore floating platforms. He worked at Total S.A. as Seni...	Kaj Riska	[ "Physics" ]	8,634	[ "Physical systems", "Transport", "Ice in transportation" ]
40,496,327	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20theories%20of%20gravity	Extended theories of gravity are alternative theories of gravity developed from the exact starting points investigated first by Albert Einstein and Hilbert. These are theories describing gravity, which are metric theory, "a linear connection" or related affine theories, or metric-affine gravitation theory. Rather than ...	Extended theories of gravity	[ "Physics" ]	351	[ "General relativity", "Theoretical physics", "Theory of relativity", "Theories of gravity" ]
32,084,423	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantzen%20filtration	In representation theory, a Jantzen filtration is a filtration of a Verma module of a semisimple Lie algebra, or a Weyl module of a reductive algebraic group of positive characteristic. Jantzen filtrations were introduced by . Jantzen filtration for Verma modules If M(λ) is a Verma module of a semisimple Lie algebra ...	Jantzen filtration	[ "Mathematics" ]	184	[ "Representation theory", "Fields of abstract algebra" ]
32,084,687	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20module	In algebra, a Weyl module is a representation of a reductive algebraic group, introduced by and named after Hermann Weyl. In characteristic 0 these representations are irreducible, but in positive characteristic they can be reducible, and their decomposition into irreducible components can be hard to determine. See a...	Weyl module	[ "Mathematics" ]	84	[ "Representation theory", "Fields of abstract algebra" ]
32,084,694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneader%20reactor	A kneader reactor (or kneading reactor) is a device used for mixing and kneading substances with high viscosity. Many industries, such as the food processing, utilize kneader reactors to produce goods, as for example, polymers or chewing gum. Although the machine has existed for decades, kneader reactors are only recen...	Kneader reactor	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	726	[ "Chemical reactors", "Chemical reaction engineering", "Chemical equipment" ]
32,085,457	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasielastic%20scattering	In physics, quasielastic scattering designates a limiting case of inelastic scattering, characterized by energy transfers being small compared to the incident energy of the scattered particles. The term was originally coined in nuclear physics. It was applied to thermal neutron scattering by Leon van Hove and Pierre ...	Quasielastic scattering	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	101	[ "Scattering", "Neutron scattering", "Nuclear physics" ]
32,085,758	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMA%20enclosure%20types	The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) defines standards used in North America for various grades of electrical enclosures typically used in industrial applications. Each is rated to protect against personal access to hazardous parts, and additional type-dependent designated environmental conditions....	NEMA enclosure types	[ "Engineering" ]	262	[ "Electrical enclosures", "Electrical engineering" ]
32,086,016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatal%20conductance	Stomatal conductance, usually measured in mmol m−2 s−1 by a porometer, estimates the rate of gas exchange (i.e., carbon dioxide uptake) and transpiration (i.e., water loss as water vapor) through the leaf stomata as determined by the degree of stomatal aperture (and therefore the physical resistances to the movement of...	Stomatal conductance	[ "Biology" ]	2,328	[ "Plant physiology", "Plants" ]
32,086,877	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel%20ecosystem	Novel ecosystems are human-built, modified, or engineered niches of the Anthropocene. They exist in places that have been altered in structure and function by human agency. Novel ecosystems are part of the human environment and niche (including urban, suburban, and rural), they lack natural analogs, and they have exten...	Novel ecosystem	[ "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	1,263	[ "Symbiosis", "Systems ecology", "Ecology", "Ecosystems", "Environmental social science" ]
32,088,502	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coxeter%20notation	In geometry, Coxeter notation (also Coxeter symbol) is a system of classifying symmetry groups, describing the angles between fundamental reflections of a Coxeter group in a bracketed notation expressing the structure of a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, with modifiers to indicate certain subgroups. The notation is named afte...	Coxeter notation	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	11,332	[ "Group theory", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Geometry", "Symmetry" ]
32,089,853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greninger%20chart	In crystallography, a Greninger chart is a chart that allows angular relations between zones and planes in a crystal to be directly read from an x-ray diffraction photograph. The Greninger chart is a simple trigonometric tool to determine g and d for a fixed sample-to-film distance. (If one uses a 2-d detector the pr...	Greninger chart	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	341	[ "X-rays", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Diffraction", "Crystallography", "Spectroscopy" ]
35,290,643	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20pharmacology	In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects. Screening of chemical libraries of small molecules is t...	Reverse pharmacology	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	182	[ "Pharmacology", "Life sciences industry", "Drug discovery", "Medicinal chemistry stubs", "Medicinal chemistry", "Pharmacology stubs" ]
35,292,764	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stig%20Stenholm	Stig Torsten Stenholm (26 February 1939 – 30 September 2017) was a theoretical physicist who formerly held an Academy of Finland professorship. Education and career Stenholm obtained an engineering degree at the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), and a master of science degree in mathematics at the University ...	Stig Stenholm	[ "Physics" ]	552	[ "Theoretical physics", "Theoretical physicists" ]
35,298,389	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalian%20Institute%20of%20Chemical%20Physics	The Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) (), also called Huawusuo (), is a research centre specialized in physical chemistry, chemical physics, biophysical chemistry, chemical engineering and materials science belonging to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is located in Dalian, Liaoning, China. General Inform...	Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	641	[ "nan", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Chemical physics" ]
35,300,443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidic%20acid	In chemistry, an imidic acid is any molecule that contains the -C(=NH)-OH functional group. It is the tautomer of an amide and the isomer of an oxime. The term "imino acid" is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a different molecular structure. Imidic acids can be fo...	Imidic acid	[ "Chemistry" ]	402	[ "Amides", "Functional groups" ]
45,196,112	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-shift%20bond	In theoretical chemistry, the charge-shift bond is a proposed new class of chemical bonds that sits alongside the three familiar families of covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds where electrons are shared or transferred respectively. The charge shift bond derives its stability from the resonance of ionic forms rather th...	Charge-shift bond	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,216	[ "Chemical bonding", "Condensed matter physics", "nan" ]
45,197,219	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalation%20archetype	The escalation archetype is one of possible types of system behaviour that are known as system archetypes. The escalation archetype is common for situations of non-cooperative games where each player can make own decisions and these decisions lead to the outcome for the player. However, when both players try to maximi...	Escalation archetype	[ "Physics", "Biology" ]	2,818	[ "Behavior", "Aggression", "Human behavior", "Conflict (process)" ]
45,197,429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20aldol%20tandem%20reaction	Modified aldol tandem reaction is a sequential chemical transformation that combines aldol reaction with other chemical reactions that generate enolates. Enolates are a common building block in chemical syntheses and are typically formed by the addition of base to a ketone or aldehyde. Modified Aldol tandem reactions a...	Modified aldol tandem reaction	[ "Chemistry" ]	435	[ "Organic reactions" ]
45,197,601	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grieco%20three-component%20condensation	The Grieco three-component condensation is an organic chemistry reaction that produces nitrogen-containing six-member heterocycles via a multi-component reaction of an aldehyde, a nitrogen component, such as aniline, and an electron-rich alkene. The reaction is catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid or Lewis acids such as y...	Grieco three-component condensation	[ "Chemistry" ]	398	[ "Name reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
45,199,011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bois%20du%20Cazier	The Bois du Cazier () was a coal mine in what was then the town of Marcinelle, near Charleroi, in Belgium which today is preserved as an industrial heritage site. It is best known as the location of a major mining disaster that took place on August 8, 1956 in which 262 men, including a large number of Italian labourers...	Bois du Cazier	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	990	[ "Glass engineering and science", "Glass museums and galleries" ]
45,204,119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling%20jumbo	A Drilling jumbo or drill jumbo is a rock drilling machine. Use Drilling jumbos are usually used in underground mining, if mining is done by drilling and blasting. They are also used in tunnelling, if rock hardness prevents use of tunnelling machines. It is considered as a powerful tool to facilitate labor-intensive ...	Drilling jumbo	[ "Engineering" ]	259	[ "Mining equipment" ]
26,456,640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane	A membrane is a selective barrier; it allows some things to pass through but stops others. Such things may be molecules, ions, or other small particles. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membranes and biological membranes. Biological membranes include cell membranes (outer coverings of cells or organ...	Membrane	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	5,144	[ "Separation processes", "Water treatment", "Water pollution", "Membrane technology", "Environmental engineering", "Water technology", "Materials degradation", "Fouling" ]
26,457,064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20collision%20approximation	In condensed-matter physics, the binary collision approximation (BCA) is a heuristic used to more efficiently simulate the penetration depth and defect production by energetic ions (with kinetic energies in the kilo-electronvolt (keV) range or higher) in solids. In the method, the ion is approximated to travel through ...	Binary collision approximation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,383	[ "Phases of matter", "Materials science", "Computational physics", "Condensed matter physics", "Nuclear physics", "Matter" ]
26,459,697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20valve	A light valve (LV) is a device for varying the quantity of light, from a source, which reaches a target. Examples of targets are computer screen surfaces, or a wall screen in the case of a light projector. There are two basic principles of achieving this. One is by deflecting the light on its way to the target (a refl...	Light valve	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	405	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Optics", "Electronic engineering", " molecular", "Display technology", "Atomic", " and optical physics" ]
25,061,776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%E2%80%93Glatzel%20equation	The Simon–Glatzel equation is an empirical correlation describing the pressure dependence of the melting temperature of a solid. The pressure dependence of the melting temperature is small for small pressure changes because the volume change during fusion or melting is rather small. However, at very high pressures high...	Simon–Glatzel equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	496	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Mathematical objects", "Equations", "Thermodynamics", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter", "Dynamical systems" ]
25,066,275	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATF/CREB	The ATF/CREB family is a group of transcription factors, consisting of different ATFs (Activating transcription factors), CREB (cAMP response element binding protein), CREM (cAMP response element modulator) and related proteins. Among the transcription factors assigned to this group, some are more related to CREB-like,...	ATF/CREB	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	153	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
25,066,324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20for%20All%20%28in%20ICT%29	Design for All in the context of information and communications technology (ICT) is the conscious and systematic effort to proactively apply principles, methods and tools to promote universal design in computer-related technologies, including Internet-based technologies, thus avoiding the need for a posteriori adaptati...	Design for All (in ICT)	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	3,938	[ "Information and communications technology", "Information technology", "Accessibility", "Computing and society", "Design" ]
25,066,611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos%C3%A9%E2%80%93Hoover%20thermostat	The Nosé–Hoover thermostat is a deterministic algorithm for constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulations. It was originally developed by Shuichi Nosé and was improved further by William G. Hoover. Although the heat bath of Nosé–Hoover thermostat consists of only one imaginary particle, simulation systems achieve...	Nosé–Hoover thermostat	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	713	[ "Molecular dynamics", "Computational chemistry", "Molecular physics", "Computational physics" ]
50,590,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation%20of%20radioactive%20waste	Bioremediation of radioactive waste or bioremediation of radionuclides is an application of bioremediation based on the use of biological agents bacteria, plants and fungi (natural or genetically modified) to catalyze chemical reactions that allow the decontamination of sites affected by radionuclides. These radioactiv...	Bioremediation of radioactive waste	[ "Chemistry", "Technology", "Engineering", "Biology", "Environmental_science" ]	6,608	[ "Chemical engineering", "Biodegradation", "Ecological techniques", "Civil engineering", "Environmental impact of nuclear power", "Hazardous waste", "Radioactivity", "Environmental engineering", "Bioremediation", "Environmental soil science", "Radioactive waste" ]
50,592,162	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20static%20light%20scatter	Differential static light scatter (DSLS) is a term coined to represent the change in total light scatter of a system over time or temperature in a static environment. Static light scattering or SLS and its many types are well outlined in literature and is the base principal for DSLS but varies specifically in that the...	Differential static light scatter	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	561	[ " absorption and radiative transfer (optics)", "Scattering", "Condensed matter physics", "Particle physics", "Nuclear physics" ]
41,933,329	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereblon%20E3%20ligase%20modulator	Cereblon E3 ligase modulators, also known as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group. The IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, mezigdomide and iberdomide). These drugs may also be...	Cereblon E3 ligase modulator	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,991	[ "Biochemistry", "Teratogens", "Medicinal chemistry", "nan" ]
41,938,141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum%20polymer%20composite	An aluminum polymer composite (APC) material combines aluminum with a polymer to create materials with interesting characteristics. In 2014 researchers used a 3d laser printer to produce a polymer matrix. When coated with a 50–100 nanometer layer of aluminum oxide, the material was able to withstand loads of as much a...	Aluminum polymer composite	[ "Physics" ]	198	[ "Materials", "Composite materials", "Matter" ]
41,939,036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite-inspired%20robots	Termite-inspired robots or TERMES robots are biomimetic autonomous robots capable of building complex structures without a central controller. A prototype team of termite-inspired robots was demonstrated by Harvard University researchers in 2014, following four years of development. Their engineering was inspired by th...	Termite-inspired robots	[ "Engineering" ]	639	[ "Robotics", "Automation" ]
48,148,493	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20equilibrium	The Divine Equilibrium is a refinement of Perfect Bayesian equilibrium in a signaling game proposed by Banks and Sobel (1987). One of the most widely-applied refinements is the D1-Criterion. It is a restriction of receiver's beliefs to the type of senders for whom deviating towards an off-the-equilibrium message could...	Divine equilibrium	[ "Mathematics" ]	943	[ "Game theory", "Game theory equilibrium concepts" ]
48,153,673	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobility%20as%20a%20service	Mobility as a service (MaaS) is a type of service that enables users to plan, book, and pay for multiple types of mobility services through an integrated platform. Transportation services from public and private transportation providers are combined through a unified gateway, usually via an app or website, that creates...	Mobility as a service	[ "Physics" ]	2,937	[ "Physical systems", "Transport", "Transport culture" ]
48,160,061	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unbalanced%20circuit	In electrical engineering, an unbalanced circuit is one in which the transmission properties between the ports of the circuit are different for the two poles of each port. It is usually taken to mean that one pole of each port is bonded to a common potential (single-ended signalling) but more complex topologies are po...	Unbalanced circuit	[ "Engineering" ]	620	[ "Electronic engineering", "Electronic circuits" ]
46,558,709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyophorine	Dictyophorines are a pair of sesquiterpenes isolated from the fungus Phallus indusiatus (Dictyophora indusiata). These compounds are based on the eudesmane skeleton, a common structure found in plant-derived flavors and fragrances, and they are the first eudesmane derivatives isolated from fungi. Dictyophorines A and ...	Dictyophorine	[ "Chemistry" ]	120	[ "Functional groups", "Organic compounds", "Isopropenyl compounds", "Organic compound stubs", "Organic chemistry stubs" ]
46,564,090	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82%20Kuczy%C5%84ski	Paweł Kuczyński is a Polish born political art satirist and philosopher who is anti-war. Awards 2013: silver plate at Salon of Antiwar Cartoons in Serbia. 2010: Silver prize at the Dicaco International Cartoon Contest. 2008: Golden hat at the international Cartoonfestival Knokke-Heist. Eryk Award (named after Eryk Lip...	Paweł Kuczyński	[ "Engineering" ]	174	[ "Design engineering", "Draughtsmen" ]
46,564,590	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicyanamide	Dicyanamide, also known as dicyanamine, is an anion having the formula . It contains two cyanide groups bound to a central nitrogen anion. The chemical is formed by decomposition of 2-cyanoguanidine. It is used extensively as a counterion of organic and inorganic salts, and also as a reactant for the synthesis of vari...	Dicyanamide	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	177	[ "Matter", "Anions", "Functional groups", "Nitriles", "Ions" ]
39,204,523	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energetically%20modified%20cement	Energetically modified cements (EMCs) are a class of cements made from pozzolans (e.g. fly ash, volcanic ash, pozzolana), silica sand, blast furnace slag, or Portland cement (or blends of these ingredients). The term "energetically modified" arises by virtue of the mechanochemistry process applied to the raw material, ...	Energetically modified cement	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	7,827	[ "Environmental design", "Building engineering", "Architecture", "Construction", "Materials", "Design", "Matter", "Building materials" ]
39,207,553	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20integrate-and-fire	In biology exponential integrate-and-fire models are compact and computationally efficient nonlinear spiking neuron models with one or two variables. The exponential integrate-and-fire model was first proposed as a one-dimensional model. The most prominent two-dimensional examples are the adaptive exponential integrate...	Exponential integrate-and-fire	[ "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	1,047	[ "Nonlinear systems", "Neurochemistry", "Ion channels", "Dynamical systems" ]
39,211,211	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeze-casting	Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ceramics, polymers, metals a...	Freeze-casting	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	6,301	[ "Ceramic engineering", "Chemical mixtures", "Condensed matter physics", "Colloids" ]
31,108,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-use%20bioreactor	A single-use bioreactor or disposable bioreactor is a bioreactor with a disposable bag instead of a culture vessel. Typically, this refers to a bioreactor in which the lining in contact with the cell culture will be plastic, and this lining is encased within a more permanent structure (typically, either a rocker or a ...	Single-use bioreactor	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	2,146	[ "Bioreactors", "Biological engineering", "Chemical reactors", "Biochemical engineering", "Microbiology equipment" ]
31,113,949	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RegulonDB	RegulonDB is a database of the regulatory network of gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. RegulonDB also models the organization of the genes in transcription units, operons and regulons. A total of 120 sRNAs with 231 total interactions which all together regulate 192 genes are also included. RegulonDB was found...	RegulonDB	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	837	[ "Gene expression", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Biological databases" ]
31,115,267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowotny%20phase	In inorganic chemistry, a Nowotny chimney ladder phase (NCL phase) is a particular intermetallic crystal structure found with certain binary compounds. NLC phases are generally tetragonal and are composed of two separate sublattices. The first is a tetragonal array of transition metal atoms, generally from group 4 thro...	Nowotny phase	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	431	[ "Inorganic compounds", "Metallurgy", "Alloys", "Intermetallics", "Condensed matter physics" ]
31,117,483	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate%20modulus	In relation to biomechanics, the aggregate modulus (Ha) is a measurement of the stiffness of a material at equilibrium when fluid has ceased flowing through it. The aggregate modulus can be calculated from Young's modulus (E) and the Poisson ratio (v). The aggregate modulus of a similar specimen is determined from a u...	Aggregate modulus	[ "Physics", "Mathematics", "Biology" ]	175	[ "Biomechanics", "Physical phenomena", "Behavior", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Classical mechanics stubs", "Motor control", "Classical mechanics", "Mechanics", "Physical properties" ]
31,117,841	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EOn	eOn was a volunteer computing project running on the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform, which uses theoretical chemistry techniques to solve problems in condensed matter physics and materials science. It was a project of the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences at the ...	EOn	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Technology" ]	186	[ "Materials science stubs", "Condensed matter physics", "Computing stubs", "Condensed matter stubs", "Physical chemistry stubs" ]
31,119,235	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadworthiness	Roadworthiness or streetworthiness is a property or ability of a car, bus, truck or any kind of automobile to be in a suitable operating condition or meeting acceptable standards for safe driving and transport of people, baggage or cargo in roads or streets, being therefore street-legal. In Europe, roadworthy inspecti...	Roadworthiness	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	513	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Transport stubs", "Transport law", "Physical systems", "Transport", "Mechanical engineering" ]
31,120,170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Green%20Building%20Standards%20Code	The California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen Code) is Part 11 of the California Building Standards Code and is the first statewide "green" building code in the US. Background and purpose The purpose of CALGreen is to improve public health, safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction o...	California Green Building Standards Code	[ "Engineering" ]	2,880	[ "Building engineering", "Building codes" ]
31,120,858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendocino%20County%20GMO%20Ban	Mendocino County, California, was the first jurisdiction in the United States to ban the cultivation, production or distribution of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The ordinance, entitled Measure H, was passed by referendum on March 2, 2004. Initiated by the group "GMO Free Mendocino", the campaign was a highly ...	Mendocino County GMO Ban	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,312	[ "Genetic engineering", "Genetically modified organisms" ]
31,121,373	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memistor	A memistor is a nanoelectric circuitry element used in parallel computing memory technology. Essentially, a resistor with memory able to perform logic operations and store information, it is a three-terminal implementation of the memristor. History While the memristor is defined in terms of a two-terminal circuit elem...	Memistor	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	350	[ "Electrical engineering", "Electrical components", "Components" ]
33,685,939	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacognosy%20Research	Pharmacognosy Research is a peer-reviewed open-access medical journal published on behalf of the Pharmacognosy Network Worldwide. The journal publishes articles on the subject of pharmacognosy, natural products, and phytochemistry and is indexed with CASPUR, EBSCO, ProQuest, and Scopus. External links Pharmacognos...	Pharmacognosy Research	[ "Chemistry" ]	113	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacognosy" ]
33,686,793	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Bernhard%20Vietz	Ferdinand Bernhard Vietz (18 November 1772 in Vienna – 15 December 1815 in Vienna), was an Austrian pharmacologist, a Doctor of the Healing Arts and Professor of Forensic Medicine at the University of Vienna, and is best known for Icones Plantarum Medico-Oeconomico-Technologicarum cum Earum Fructus ususque Descriptione...	Ferdinand Bernhard Vietz	[ "Chemistry" ]	352	[ "Pharmacology", "Biochemists", "Pharmacologists" ]
33,688,973	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscanner	A microscanner, or micro scanning mirror, is a microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) in the category of micromirror actuators for dynamic light modulation. Depending upon the type of microscanner, the modulatory movement of a single mirror can be either translatory or rotational, on one or two axes. In the first ca...	Microscanner	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,651	[ "Microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems", "Materials science", "Microtechnology" ]
49,449,732	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROTO%20%28fusion%20reactor%29	PROTO is a proposed nuclear fusion reactor to be implemented after 2050, a successor to the ITER and DEMO projects. It is part of the European Commission long-term strategy for research of fusion energy. PROTO would act as a prototype power station, taking in any technology refinements from earlier projects, and demons...	PROTO (fusion reactor)	[ "Physics" ]	96	[ "Plasma physics stubs", "Plasma physics" ]
49,450,154	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoleuca%20cognata	Melanoleuca cognata, commonly known as the spring cavalier, is an edible species of agaric fungus. It is found in Europe and North America in forests, meadows, and parks. The species may be difficult to identify without analysis of its microscopic features. The mushroom is fairly tall for species of its genus. The cap...	Melanoleuca cognata	[ "Biology" ]	131	[ "Fungi", "Fungus species" ]
49,451,315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20quad%20cable	In electrical engineering, star-quad cable is a four-conductor electrical cable that has a special quadrupole geometry which provides magnetic immunity when used in a balanced line. Four conductors are used to carry the two legs of the balanced line. All four conductors must be an equal distance from a common point (us...	Star quad cable	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	1,139	[ "Electrical systems", "Building engineering", "Physical systems", "Electrical engineering", "Electrical wiring" ]
29,744,149	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel-dependent%20hydrogenase	Hydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze the reversible activation of hydrogen and which occur widely in prokaryotes as well as in some eukaryotes. There are various types of hydrogenases, but all of them seem to contain at least one iron-sulphur cluster. They can be broadly divided into two groups: hydrogenases containi...	Nickel-dependent hydrogenase	[ "Biology" ]	253	[ "Protein domains", "Protein classification" ]
29,744,467	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate%20lyase%20family	Isocitrate lyase family is a family of evolutionarily related proteins. Isocitrate lyase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate. This is the first step in the glyoxylate bypass, an alternative to the tricarboxylic acid cycle in bacteria, fungi and plants. A cysteine, a ...	Isocitrate lyase family	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	298	[ "Protein stubs", "Protein classification", "Biochemistry stubs", "Protein domains", "Protein families" ]
29,746,234	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hector%20%28cloud%29	Hector is a cumulonimbus thundercloud cluster that forms regularly nearly every afternoon on the Tiwi Islands in the Northern Territory of Australia, from approximately September to March each year. Hector, or sometimes Hector the Convector, is known as one of the world's most consistently large thunderstorms; specific...	Hector (cloud)	[ "Physics" ]	341	[ "Weather", "Physical phenomena", "Anomalous weather" ]
29,753,527	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithiol	In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol () functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility. They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone. ...	Dithiol	[ "Chemistry" ]	675	[ "Organic compounds", "Organosulfur compounds", "Thiols", "Functional groups" ]
43,414,656	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20average	In applied statistics, Vincentization was described by Ratcliff (1979), and is named after biologist S. B. Vincent (1912), who used something very similar to it for constructing learning curves at the beginning of the 1900s. It basically consists of averaging subjects' estimated or elicited quantile functions in order...	Vincent average	[ "Mathematics" ]	130	[ "Applied mathematics", "Applied statistics" ]
40,502,817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93J%C3%BCttner%20distribution	In physics, the Maxwell–Jüttner distribution, sometimes called Jüttner–Synge distribution, is the distribution of speeds of particles in a hypothetical gas of relativistic particles. Similar to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, the Maxwell–Jüttner distribution considers a classical ideal gas where the particles are d...	Maxwell–Jüttner distribution	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,487	[ "Matter", "Particle statistics", "Phases of matter", "Special relativity", "Theory of relativity", "Statistical mechanics", "Gases" ]
40,503,196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZBTB48	Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 48 (ZBTB48), also known as telomeric zinc-finger associated protein (TZAP), is a protein that directly binds to the double-stranded repeat sequence of telomeres. In humans it is encoded by the ZBTB48 gene. Loss of ZBTB48 has been shown to lead to telomere elongation both in cells ...	ZBTB48	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	281	[ "Gene expression", "Signal transduction", "Senescence", "Induced stem cells", "Telomeres", "Transcription factors" ]
40,503,515	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge%20vector%E2%80%93tensor%20gravity	Gauge vector–tensor gravity (GVT) is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm where gauge fields cause the MOND behavior. The former covariant realizations of MOND such as the Bekenestein's tensor–vector–scalar gravity and the Moffat's scalar–tensor–vector gravity ...	Gauge vector–tensor gravity	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	670	[ "Astronomical sub-disciplines", "Theoretical physics", "Astrophysics", "Theories of gravity" ]
40,504,424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity%20current%20intrusion	The term gravity current intrusion denotes the fluid mechanics phenomenon within which a fluid intrudes with a predominantly horizontal motion into a separate stratified fluid, typically along a plane of neutral buoyancy. This behaviour distinguishes the difference between gravity current intrusions and gravity current...	Gravity current intrusion	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	538	[ "Piping", "Chemical engineering", "Fluid dynamics" ]
28,309,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isogenic%20human%20disease%20models	Isogenic human disease models are a family of cells that are selected or engineered to accurately model the genetics of a specific patient population, in vitro. They are provided with a genetically matched 'normal cell' to provide an isogenic system to research disease biology and novel therapeutic agents. They can be ...	Isogenic human disease models	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,040	[ "Biological engineering", "Genetic engineering", "Molecular biology" ]
28,310,124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular%20decomposition	In graph theory, the modular decomposition is a decomposition of a graph into subsets of vertices called modules. A module is a generalization of a connected component of a graph. Unlike connected components, however, one module can be a proper subset of another. Modules therefore lead to a recursive (hierarchical)...	Modular decomposition	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,653	[ "Mathematical relations", "Graph theory", "Graph theory objects" ]
35,304,616	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20roller%20bearing	A spherical roller bearing is a rolling-element bearing that permits rotation with low friction, and permits angular misalignment. Typically these bearings support a rotating shaft in the bore of the inner ring that may be misaligned in respect to the outer ring. The misalignment is possible due to the spherical intern...	Spherical roller bearing	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	845	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
35,310,202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagniard%E2%80%93De%20Hoop%20method	In the mathematical modeling of seismic waves, the Cagniard–De Hoop method is a sophisticated mathematical tool for solving a large class of wave and diffusive problems in horizontally layered media. The method is based on the combination of a unilateral Laplace transformation with the real-valued and positive transfor...	Cagniard–De Hoop method	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	427	[ "Physical phenomena", "Computational electromagnetics", "Mathematical analysis", "Mathematical analysis stubs", "Classical mechanics", "Computational physics", "Waves", "Wave mechanics" ]
32,097,685	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmark%27s%20sliding%20block	The Newmark's sliding block analysis method is an engineering that calculates permanent displacements of soil slopes (also embankments and dams) during seismic loading. Newmark analysis does not calculate actual displacement, but rather is an index value that can be used to provide an indication of the structures likel...	Newmark's sliding block	[ "Physics", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	735	[ "Structural engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", " prevention and mitigation", "Soil mechanics", "Civil engineering", "Earthquake engineering", "Environmental soil science", "Landslide analysis" ]
32,102,172	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarma%20method	The Sarma method is a method used primarily to assess the stability of soil slopes under seismic conditions. Using appropriate assumptions the method can also be employed for static slope stability analysis. It was proposed by Sarada K. Sarma in the early 1970s as an improvement over the other conventional methods of a...	Sarma method	[ "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	833	[ "Structural engineering", " prevention and mitigation", "Civil engineering", "Earthquake engineering", "Environmental soil science", "Landslide analysis" ]
32,103,592	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langlands%E2%80%93Deligne%20local%20constant	In mathematics, the Langlands–Deligne local constant, also known as the local epsilon factor or local Artin root number (up to an elementary real function of s), is an elementary function associated with a representation of the Weil group of a local field. The functional equation L(ρ,s) = ε(ρ,s)L(ρ∨,1−s) of an Artin L-...	Langlands–Deligne local constant	[ "Mathematics" ]	637	[ "Representation theory", "Fields of abstract algebra" ]
32,104,707	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20noise	Cellular noise is random variability in quantities arising in cellular biology. For example, cells which are genetically identical, even within the same tissue, are often observed to have different expression levels of proteins, different sizes and structures. These apparently random differences can have important biol...	Cellular noise	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,074	[ "Cell biology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Biophysics", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
32,106,812	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence%20%28logic%29	In mathematics, computer science and logic, convergence is the idea that different sequences of transformations come to a conclusion in a finite amount of time (the transformations are terminating), and that the conclusion reached is independent of the path taken to get to it (they are confluent). More formally, a pre...	Convergence (logic)	[ "Mathematics" ]	102	[ "Mathematical logic stubs", "Mathematical logic" ]
32,106,995	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belinfante%E2%80%93Rosenfeld%20stress%E2%80%93energy%20tensor	In mathematical physics, the Belinfante–Rosenfeld tensor is a modification of the stress–energy tensor that is constructed from the canonical stress–energy tensor and the spin current so as to be symmetric yet still conserved. In a classical or quantum local field theory, the generator of Lorentz transformations can...	Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress–energy tensor	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	941	[ "Tensors in general relativity", "Tensors", "Tensor physical quantities", "Physical quantities" ]
37,748,394	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Vinylpyridine	2-Vinylpyridine is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHC5H4N. It is a derivative of pyridine with a vinyl group in the 2-position, next to the nitrogen. It is a colorless liquid, although samples are often brown. It is used industrially as a precursor to specialty polymers and as an intermediate in the chemic...	2-Vinylpyridine	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	842	[ "Monomers", "Polymer chemistry" ]
37,749,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C28H48O2	{{DISPLAYTITLE:C28H48O2}} The molecular formula C28H48O2 (molar mass: 416.68 g/mol, exact mass: 416.3654 u) may refer to: β-Tocopherol γ-Tocopherol	C28H48O2	[ "Chemistry" ]	65	[ "Isomerism", "Set index articles on molecular formulas" ]
37,749,068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20mass%20ratio%20inspiral	In astrophysics, an extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) is the orbit of a relatively light object around a much heavier (by a factor 10,000 or more) object, that gradually spirals in due to the emission of gravitational waves. Such systems are likely to be found in the centers of galaxies, where stellar mass compact obj...	Extreme mass ratio inspiral	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	3,124	[ "Black holes", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Binary systems", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Density", "Stellar phenomena", "Astronomical objects", "Gravitational-wave astronomy", "Astronomical sub-disciplines" ]
37,749,393	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%20in%20heat%20exchangers	Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat to achieve desired heating or cooling. An important design aspect of heat exchanger technology is the selection of appropriate materials to conduct and transfer heat fast and efficiently. Copper has many desirable properties for thermally efficient and durable heat exchan...	Copper in heat exchangers	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	3,763	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Corrosion prevention", "Chemical equipment", "Corrosion", "Thermodynamics", "Heat exchangers", "Heat conduction" ]
37,750,468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target%20angle	Target angle is the relative bearing of the observing station from the vehicle being observed. It may be used to compute point-of-aim for a fire-control problem when vehicle range and speed can be estimated from other information. Target angle may be best explained from the example of a submarine preparing to launch a...	Target angle	[ "Physics" ]	677	[ "Geometric measurement", "Scalar physical quantities", "Physical quantities", "Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities", "Angle" ]
37,752,313	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20Climate%20Change-Meridional%20Overturning%20Circulation%20and%20Heatflux%20Array	The Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID or MOCHA) program is a collaborative research project between the National Oceanography Centre (Southampton, U.K.), the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science (RSMAS), and NOAA’s Atlantic Oce...	Rapid Climate Change-Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array	[ "Physics", "Environmental_science" ]	650	[ "Oceanography", "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics" ]

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