id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
606,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe%20%28graphics%29 | In 3D computer graphics, a lathed object is a 3D model whose vertex geometry is produced by rotating the points of a spline or other point set around a fixed axis. The lathing may be partial; the amount of rotation is not necessarily a full 360 degrees. The point set providing the initial source data can be thought of ... | Lathe (graphics) | [
"Engineering"
] | 205 | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Design engineering"
] |
1,018,642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawall | A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast. The purpose of a seawall is to protect areas of human habitation, conservation, and leisure activities from the action of tides, waves, or tsunamis. As a sea... | Seawall | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,204 | [
"Coastal engineering",
"Civil engineering"
] |
1,018,774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20M.%20Acaba | Joseph Michael Acabá (born May 17, 1967) is an American educator, hydrogeologist, and NASA astronaut. In May 2004, he became the first person of Puerto Rican ancestry to be named as a NASA astronaut candidate, when he was selected as a member of NASA Astronaut Training Group 19. He completed his training on February 10... | Joseph M. Acaba | [
"Astronomy"
] | 1,874 | [
"Educator astronauts",
"Astronomy education"
] |
1,019,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20measure | In mathematics, a Dirac measure assigns a size to a set based solely on whether it contains a fixed element x or not. It is one way of formalizing the idea of the Dirac delta function, an important tool in physics and other technical fields.
Definition
A Dirac measure is a measure on a set (with any -algebra of subs... | Dirac measure | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 575 | [
"Measures (measure theory)",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Size"
] |
1,019,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamson%20amplifier | The Williamson amplifier is a four-stage, push-pull, Class A triode-output valve audio power amplifier designed by D. T. N. Williamson during World War II. The original circuit, published in 1947 and addressed to the worldwide do it yourself community, set the standard of high fidelity sound reproduction and served as ... | Williamson amplifier | [
"Physics"
] | 6,908 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
1,019,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksander%20Jab%C5%82o%C5%84ski | Aleksander Jabłoński (born 26 February 1898 in Woskresenówka, in Imperial Russia; died 9 September 1980 in Skierniewice, Poland) was a Polish physicist and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. His research was in molecular spectroscopy and photophysics.
Life and career
He was born on 26 February 1898 in Woskresen... | Aleksander Jabłoński | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 701 | [
"Physical chemists",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Analytical chemists",
"Spectroscopists",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
1,020,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling%20equation | The Starling principle holds that extracellular fluid movements between blood and tissues are determined by differences in hydrostatic pressure and colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) between plasma inside microvessels and interstitial fluid outside them. The Starling equation, proposed many years after the dea... | Starling equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,276 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Mathematics in medicine",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,021,118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20fracture | In structural engineering and material science, fast fracture is a phenomenon in which a flaw (such as a crack) in a material expands quickly, and leads to catastrophic failure of the material. It proceeds in high speed and requires a relatively small amount of accumulated strain energy, making it a dangerous failure m... | Fast fracture | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 268 | [
"Mechanical failure",
"Materials science",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
1,021,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistry | Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells and tissue, by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Albert Hewett Coons, Ernest Berliner, Norman Jones and Hugh J Creech was the fir... | Immunohistochemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,317 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Pathology",
"Staining",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Immunologic tests",
"Histology",
"Microbiology techniques",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Cell imaging"
] |
1,021,753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety%20%28universal%20algebra%29 | In universal algebra, a variety of algebras or equational class is the class of all algebraic structures of a given signature satisfying a given set of identities. For example, the groups form a variety of algebras, as do the abelian groups, the rings, the monoids etc. According to Birkhoff's theorem, a class of algebr... | Variety (universal algebra) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,342 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Universal algebra"
] |
4,194,183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Centre%20for%20Theoretical%20Physics | The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a research center for physical and mathematical sciences, located in Trieste, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy.
The center operates under a tripartite agreement between the Italian Government, UNESCO, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It is l... | International Centre for Theoretical Physics | [
"Physics"
] | 947 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physics institutes"
] |
16,189,704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Valkyrie | The Valkyrie is a theoretical spacecraft designed by Charles Pellegrino and Jim Powell (a physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory). The Valkyrie is theoretically able to accelerate to 92% the speed of light and decelerate afterward, carrying a small human crew to another star system.
Design
The Valkyrie's high per... | Project Valkyrie | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Technology"
] | 1,185 | [
"Exploratory engineering",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Antimatter",
"Hypothetical spacecraft",
"Interstellar travel",
"Matter"
] |
10,962,898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium%28III%29%20selenide | Indium(III) selenide is a compound of indium and selenium. It has potential for use in photovoltaic devices and has been the subject of extensive research. The two most common phases, α and β, have a layered structure, while γ has a "defect wurtzite structure." In all, five polymorphs are known: α, β, γ, δ, κ. The α-β ... | Indium(III) selenide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 241 | [
"Semiconductor materials"
] |
10,964,172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush%20deck | In naval architecture, a flush deck is a ship deck that is continuous from stem to stern.
History
Flush decks have been in use since the times of the ancient Egyptians. Greco-Roman Trireme often had a flush deck but may have also had a fore and aft castle deck. Flush decks were also common on medieval and Renaissance ... | Flush deck | [
"Engineering"
] | 370 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering"
] |
10,965,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefoldin | Prefoldin (GimC) is a superfamily of proteins used in protein folding complexes. It is classified as a heterohexameric molecular chaperone in both archaea and eukarya, including humans. A prefoldin molecule works as a transfer protein in conjunction with a molecule of chaperonin to form a chaperone complex and correct... | Prefoldin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 968 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Cell biology",
"Molecular biology"
] |
10,967,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomotherapy | Tomotherapy is a type of radiation therapy treatment machine. In tomotherapy a thin radiation beam is modulated as it rotates around the patient, while they are moved through the bore of the machine. The name comes from the use of a strip-shaped beam, so that only one “slice” (Greek prefix “tomo-”) of the target is exp... | Tomotherapy | [
"Physics"
] | 1,338 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics"
] |
10,969,277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank%20product | The rank product is a biologically motivated rank test for the detection of differentially expressed genes in replicated microarray experiments.
It is a simple non-parametric statistical method based on ranks of fold changes. In addition to its use in expression profiling, it can be used to combine ranked lists in vari... | Rank product | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Biology"
] | 518 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Microtechnology",
"Microarrays",
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
10,971,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylglyoxal%20pathway | The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryotes, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate. However unlike glycolysis the methylglyoxal pathway does not produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP. The pathway is named after the substrate methylglyoxal which has three c... | Methylglyoxal pathway | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,187 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Cellular respiration",
"Metabolism"
] |
341,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram%20Brockhouse | Bertram Neville Brockhouse, (July 15, 1918 – October 13, 2003) was a Canadian physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (1994, shared with Clifford Shull) "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter", in particular "for the development of... | Bertram Brockhouse | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 623 | [
"Physical chemists",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Analytical chemists",
"Spectroscopists",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
341,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane%E2%80%93Emden%20equation | In astrophysics, the Lane–Emden equation is a dimensionless form of Poisson's equation for the gravitational potential of a Newtonian self-gravitating, spherically symmetric, polytropic fluid. It is named after astrophysicists Jonathan Homer Lane and Robert Emden. The equation reads
where is a dimensionless radius an... | Lane–Emden equation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,708 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics"
] |
342,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes%20number | In viscous fluid dynamics, the Archimedes number (Ar), is a dimensionless number used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, named after the ancient Greek scientist and mathematician Archimedes.
It is the ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces and has the form:
where:
is the local ... | Archimedes number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 668 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
342,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-gravity | Anti-gravity (also known as non-gravitational field) is the phenomenon of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity. It does not refer to either the lack of weight under gravity experienced in free fall or orbit, or to balancing the force of gravity with some other force, such as electromagnetis... | Anti-gravity | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 3,322 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"General relativity",
"Anti-gravity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
342,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional%20antenna | A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna which radiates or receives greater radio wave power in specific directions. Directional antennas can radiate radio waves in beams, when greater concentration of radiation in a certain direction is desired, or in receiving antennas receive radio waves from one specific... | Directional antenna | [
"Physics"
] | 1,474 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
342,520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel%20efficiency | Fuel efficiency (or fuel economy) is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio of effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may vary per application, and this spectrum ... | Fuel efficiency | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,084 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Energy economics",
"Physical properties",
"Environmental social science"
] |
342,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilayer | A bilayer is a double layer of closely packed atoms or molecules.
The properties of bilayers are often studied in condensed matter physics, particularly in the context of semiconductor devices, where two distinct materials are united to form junctions, such as p–n junctions, Schottky junctions, etc. Layered materials,... | Bilayer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 152 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Nanotechnology stubs",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Thin films",
"Matter"
] |
343,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann%E2%80%93Lema%C3%AEtre%E2%80%93Robertson%E2%80%93Walker%20metric | The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (FLRW; ) is a metric that describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding (or otherwise, contracting) universe that is path-connected, but not necessarily simply connected. The general form of the metric follows from the geometric properties of homogeneity and isotropy; Eins... | Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,075 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Tensors",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Astrophysics",
"Equations",
"Metric tensors",
"Physical cosmology",
"Coordinate systems",
"Coordinate charts in general relativity",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
344,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korteweg%E2%80%93De%20Vries%20equation | In mathematics, the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation is a partial differential equation (PDE) which serves as a mathematical model of waves on shallow water surfaces. It is particularly notable as the prototypical example of an integrable PDE, exhibiting typical behaviors such as a large number of explicit solutions, i... | Korteweg–De Vries equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,904 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Integrable systems",
"Theoretical physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
344,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20frequency | An audio frequency or audible frequency (AF) is a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz). It is the property of sound that most determines pitch.
The generally accepted standard hearing range for humans is 20 to 20,000 Hz. In air at atmospheric pr... | Audio frequency | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 343 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Sound measurements",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering",
"Physical properties"
] |
344,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20energy | Rotational energy or angular kinetic energy is kinetic energy due to the rotation of an object and is part of its total kinetic energy. Looking at rotational energy separately around an object's axis of rotation, the following dependence on the object's moment of inertia is observed:
where
The mechanical work require... | Rotational energy | [
"Physics"
] | 409 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Forms of energy",
"Energy (physics)",
"Motion (physics)"
] |
344,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Solar%20Challenge | The World Solar Challenge (WSC), since 2013 named Bridgestone World Solar Challenge, is an international event for solar powered cars driving 3000 kilometres through the Australian outback.
With the exception of a four-year gap between the 2019 and 2023 events, owing to the cancellation of the 2021 event, the World S... | World Solar Challenge | [
"Technology"
] | 3,826 | [
"Science and technology awards",
"Engineering competitions",
"Science competitions"
] |
11,946,749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirocyte | Respirocytes are hypothetical, microscopic, artificial red blood cells that are intended to emulate the function of their organic counterparts, so as to supplement or replace the function of much of the human body's normal respiratory system. Respirocytes were proposed by Robert A. Freitas Jr in his 1998 paper "A Mecha... | Respirocyte | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 285 | [
"Synthetic biology",
"Molecular genetics",
"Biological engineering",
"Bioinformatics"
] |
13,493,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20volatility | Relative volatility is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals. This quantity is widely used in designing large industrial distillation processes. In effect, it indicates the ease or difficulty of using distillation to separate the more volatile components from the les... | Relative volatility | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 905 | [
"Separation processes",
"Chemical engineering",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Petroleum engineering",
"Energy engineering",
"Distillation",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
13,495,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20spin%20Hall%20effect | The quantum spin Hall state is a state of matter proposed to exist in special, two-dimensional semiconductors that have a quantized spin-Hall conductance and a vanishing charge-Hall conductance. The quantum spin Hall state of matter is the cousin of the integer quantum Hall state, and that does not require the applicat... | Quantum spin Hall effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,114 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantum electronics",
"Hall effect",
"Spintronics",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nanotechnology",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
13,496,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%20algebra | In category theory, a field of mathematics, a category algebra is an associative algebra, defined for any locally finite category and commutative ring with unity. Category algebras generalize the notions of group algebras and incidence algebras, just as categories generalize the notions of groups and partially ordered ... | Category algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,051 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Category theory"
] |
7,312,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float-out | Float-out is the process in shipbuilding that follows the keel laying and precedes the fitting-out process. It is analogous to launching a ship, a specific process that has largely been discontinued in modern shipbuilding. Both floating-out and launching are the times when the ship leaves dry land and becomes waterbor... | Float-out | [
"Engineering"
] | 467 | [
"Naval architecture",
"Shipbuilding",
"Marine engineering"
] |
7,315,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20Operations%20of%20Chemical%20Engineering | Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, first published in 1956, is one of the oldest chemical engineering textbooks still in widespread use. The current Seventh Edition, published in 2004, continues its successful tradition of being used as a textbook in university undergraduate chemical engineering courses. It is wi... | Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 192 | [
"Chemical process engineering",
"Chemical engineering books",
"Chemical engineering",
"Unit operations"
] |
9,487,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical%20staple | Surgical staples are specialized staples used in surgery in place of sutures to close skin wounds or to resect and/or connect parts of an organ (e.g. bowels, stomach or lungs). The use of staples over sutures reduces the local inflammatory response, width of the wound, and time it takes to close a defect.
A more recen... | Surgical staple | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,309 | [
"Construction",
"Fasteners"
] |
9,487,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20electron%20beam | Relativistic electron beams are streams of electrons moving at relativistic speeds. They are the lasing medium in free electron lasers to be used in atmospheric research conducted at entities such as the Pan-oceanic Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at the University of Hawaii and NASA. It has b... | Relativistic electron beam | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 138 | [
"Electron",
"Electron beam",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Special relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
9,492,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20graded%20category | In mathematics, especially homological algebra, a differential graded category, often shortened to dg-category or DG category, is a category whose morphism sets are endowed with the additional structure of a differential graded -module.
In detail, this means that , the morphisms from any object A to another object B o... | Differential graded category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 619 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Categories in category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
9,493,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6mb%C3%B6c | A gömböc () is any member of a class of convex, three-dimensional and homogeneous bodies that are mono-monostatic, meaning that they have just one stable and one unstable point of equilibrium when resting on a flat surface. The existence of this class was conjectured by the Russian mathematician Vladimir Arnold in 1995... | Gömböc | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,855 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Statics",
"Physical quantities",
"Euclidean solid geometry",
"Quantity",
"Classical mechanics",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Spacetime",
"Space",
"Volume",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
9,493,613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieving%20coefficient | In mass transfer, the sieving coefficient is a measure of equilibration between the concentrations of two mass transfer streams. It is defined as the mean pre- and post-contact concentration of the mass receiving stream divided by the pre- and post-contact concentration of the mass donating stream.
where
S is the si... | Sieving coefficient | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 258 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
9,494,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIT%20%28gene%29 | Proto-oncogene c-KIT is the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein known as tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117 (cluster of differentiation 117) or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
KIT was first described by ... | KIT (gene) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,915 | [
"Tyrosine kinase receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
9,494,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20larval%20ecology | Marine larval ecology is the study of the factors influencing dispersing larvae, which many marine invertebrates and fishes have. Marine animals with a larva typically release many larvae into the water column, where the larvae develop before metamorphosing into adults.
Marine larvae can disperse over long distances, ... | Marine larval ecology | [
"Biology"
] | 3,666 | [
"Marine biology"
] |
2,227,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive%20data%20type | In computer programming languages, a recursive data type (also known as a recursively-defined, inductively-defined or inductive data type) is a data type for values that may contain other values of the same type. Data of recursive types are usually viewed as directed graphs.
An important application of recursion in co... | Recursive data type | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,488 | [
"Type theory",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects"
] |
2,227,503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langmuir%E2%80%93Blodgett%20film | A Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is an emerging kind of 2D materials to fabricate heterostructures for nanotechnology, formed when Langmuir films—or Langmuir monolayers (LM)—are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. LB films can cont... | Langmuir–Blodgett film | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,913 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Nanotechnology",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Thin films",
"Matter"
] |
2,227,640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image-forming%20optical%20system | In optics, an image-forming optical system is a system capable of being used for imaging. The diameter of the aperture of the main objective is a common criterion for comparison among optical systems, such as large telescopes.
The two traditional optical systems are mirror-systems (catoptrics) and lens-systems (dioptr... | Image-forming optical system | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 307 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
"Telescopes",
" molecular",
"Astronomical instruments",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
2,227,994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%20tank | An oxygen tank is an oxygen storage vessel, which is either held under pressure in gas cylinders, referred to in the industry as high pressure oxygen cylinders, or as liquid oxygen in a cryogenic storage tank.
Uses
Oxygen tanks are used to store gas for:
medical breathing (oxygen therapy) at medical facilities and ... | Oxygen tank | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 622 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
2,228,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2F | E2F is a group of genes that encodes a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as repressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC ... | E2F | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,070 | [
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Cellular processes",
"Induced stem cells",
"Cell cycle",
"Transcription factors"
] |
2,228,245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrupole%20ion%20trap | In experimental physics, a quadrupole ion trap or paul trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles. They are also called radio frequency (RF) traps or Paul traps in honor of Wolfgang Paul, who invented the device and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work. It ... | Quadrupole ion trap | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,183 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Measuring instruments",
"Particle traps",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Matter"
] |
2,229,292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%20numbers%20of%20the%20second%20kind | In mathematics, particularly in combinatorics, a Stirling number of the second kind (or Stirling partition number) is the number of ways to partition a set of n objects into k non-empty subsets and is denoted by or . Stirling numbers of the second kind occur in the field of mathematics called combinatorics and the st... | Stirling numbers of the second kind | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,350 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Factorial and binomial topics",
"Permutations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Arithmetic",
"Mathematical relations",
"Triangles of numbers",
"Operations on numbers"
] |
2,229,421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diisobutylaluminium%20hydride | Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH, DIBAL, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a reducing agent with the formula (i-Bu2AlH)2, where i-Bu represents isobutyl (-CH2CH(CH3)2). This organoaluminium compound is a reagent in organic synthesis.
Properties
Like most organoaluminum compounds, the compound's structure is most probably more t... | Diisobutylaluminium hydride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 572 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metal hydrides",
"Redox",
"Reducing agents"
] |
2,229,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zig-zag%20bridge | A zig-zag bridge is a pedestrian bridge composed of short segments, each set at an angle relative to its neighbors and usually with an alternating right and left turn required when traveling across the bridge. It is used in standard crossings for structural stability; and in traditional and contemporary Asian and Weste... | Zig-zag bridge | [
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Stonemasonry",
"Construction",
"Bridges"
] |
2,230,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computer%20algebra%20systems | The following tables provide a comparison of computer algebra systems (CAS). A CAS is a package comprising a set of algorithms for performing symbolic manipulations on algebraic objects, a language to implement them, and an environment in which to use the language. A CAS may include a user interface and graphics capabi... | List of computer algebra systems | [
"Mathematics"
] | 323 | [
"Computer algebra systems",
"Comparisons of mathematical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
2,230,778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersonic%20fracture | Supersonic fractures are fractures where the fracture propagation velocity is higher than the speed of sound in the material. This phenomenon was first discovered by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart (Markus J. Buehler and Huajian Gao) and IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose,... | Supersonic fracture | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 500 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Fracture mechanics",
"Classical mechanics stubs",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Materials degradation"
] |
2,230,989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Shuttle%20thermal%20protection%20system | The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the extreme heat of atmospheric reentry. A secondary goal was to protect from the heat and cold of space while in orbit.
Materials
The TPS covered essentially the entire orbiter surface, and consisted of ... | Space Shuttle thermal protection system | [
"Engineering"
] | 5,026 | [
"Atmospheric entry",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
2,231,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheavy%20element | Superheavy elements, also known as transactinide elements, transactinides, or super-heavy elements, or superheavies for short, are the chemical elements with atomic number greater than 104. The superheavy elements are those beyond the actinides in the periodic table; the last actinide is lawrencium (atomic number 103).... | Superheavy element | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,635 | [
"Synthetic materials",
"Synthetic elements",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
2,231,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohm%20diffusion | The diffusion of plasma across a magnetic field was conjectured to follow the Bohm diffusion scaling as indicated from the early plasma experiments of very lossy machines. This predicted that the rate of diffusion was linear with temperature and inversely linear with the strength of the confining magnetic field.
The r... | Bohm diffusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,683 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena"
] |
17,446,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberlein%E2%80%93%C5%A0mulian%20theorem | In the mathematical field of functional analysis, the Eberlein–Šmulian theorem (named after William Frederick Eberlein and Witold Lwowitsch Schmulian) is a result that relates three different kinds of weak compactness in a Banach space.
Statement
Eberlein–Šmulian theorem: If X is a Banach space and A is a subset of... | Eberlein–Šmulian theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 459 | [
"Compactness theorems",
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Theorems in topology",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
17,446,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godement%20resolution | The Godement resolution of a sheaf is a construction in homological algebra that allows one to view global, cohomological information about the sheaf in terms of local information coming from its stalks. It is useful for computing sheaf cohomology. It was discovered by Roger Godement.
Godement construction
Given a ... | Godement resolution | [
"Mathematics"
] | 440 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Category theory",
"Sheaf theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
5,602,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin%20beta-1 | Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene.
β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell–cell adhesion and gene transcription. In humans, the CTNNB1 protein is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. In Drosophila, the ... | Catenin beta-1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 7,446 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
5,605,079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20of%20the%20Euler%20product%20formula%20for%20the%20Riemann%20zeta%20function | Leonhard Euler proved the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function in his thesis Variae observationes circa series infinitas (Various Observations about Infinite Series), published by St Petersburg Academy in 1737.
The Euler product formula
The Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function reads
whe... | Proof of the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 693 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Article proofs",
"Infinite products"
] |
5,605,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostability | In materials science and molecular biology, thermostability is the ability of a substance to resist irreversible change in its chemical or physical structure, often by resisting decomposition or polymerization, at a high relative temperature.
Thermostable materials may be used industrially as fire retardants. A thermo... | Thermostability | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,588 | [
"Toxicology",
"Organisms by adaptation",
"Extremophiles",
"Bacteria",
"Structural biology",
"Environmental microbiology",
"Protein structure"
] |
5,607,447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20medicine | Space Medicine is a subspecialty of Emergency Medicine (Fellowship Training Pathway) which evolved from the Aerospace Medicine specialty. Space Medicine is dedicated to the prevention and treatment of medical conditions that would limit success in space operations. Space medicine focuses specifically on prevention, acu... | Space medicine | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,790 | [
"Space programs",
"Human spaceflight programs"
] |
14,638,490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe%20combined%20immunodeficiency%20%28non-human%29 | The severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a severe immunodeficiency genetic disorder that is characterized by the complete inability of the adaptive immune system to mount, coordinate, and sustain an appropriate immune response, usually due to absent or atypical T and B lymphocytes. In humans, SCID is colloquially... | Severe combined immunodeficiency (non-human) | [
"Biology"
] | 1,308 | [
"Model organisms",
"Animal models"
] |
14,640,519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal%20mating%20pheromone%20receptors | Fungal pheromone mating factor receptors form a distinct family of G-protein-coupled receptors.
Function
Mating factor receptors STE2 and STE3 are integral membrane proteins that may be involved in the response to mating factors on the cell membrane. The amino acid sequences of both receptors contain high proportions... | Fungal mating pheromone receptors | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 103 | [
"Protein classification",
"Signal transduction",
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Protein domains",
"Membrane proteins",
"Protein families"
] |
14,640,617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20AMP%20receptors | Cyclic AMP receptors from slime molds are a distinct family of
G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors control development in
Dictyostelium discoideum.
In D. discoideum, the cyclic AMP receptors coordinate aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism, and regulate the expression of a large numb... | Cyclic AMP receptors | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 169 | [
"Protein classification",
"Signal transduction",
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Protein domains",
"Membrane proteins",
"Protein families"
] |
14,641,222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal%20stability | In flight dynamics, longitudinal stability is the stability of an aircraft in the longitudinal, or pitching, plane. This characteristic is important in determining whether an aircraft pilot will be able to control the aircraft in the pitching plane without requiring excessive attention or excessive strength.
The longi... | Longitudinal stability | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,227 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
14,642,717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt%20test%20%28vehicle%20safety%20test%29 | The tilt test is a type of safety test that certain government vehicle certification bodies require new vehicle designs to pass before being allowed on the road or rail track.
The test is an assessment of the weight distribution and hence the position of the centre of gravity of the vehicle, and can be carried out in ... | Tilt test (vehicle safety test) | [
"Engineering"
] | 230 | [
"Vehicle design",
"Design"
] |
14,642,741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20image%20correlation%20and%20tracking | Digital image correlation and tracking is an optical method that employs tracking and image registration techniques for accurate 2D and 3D measurements of changes in images. This method is often used to measure full-field displacement and strains, and it is widely applied in many areas of science and engineering. Compa... | Digital image correlation and tracking | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,103 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Materials science",
"nan"
] |
14,643,727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirani%20gauge | The Pirani gauge is a robust thermal conductivity gauge used for the measurement of the pressures in vacuum systems. It was invented in 1906 by Marcello Pirani.
Marcello Stefano Pirani was a German physicist working for Siemens & Halske which was involved in the vacuum lamp industry. In 1905 their product was tantalum... | Pirani gauge | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,034 | [
"Vacuum",
"Measuring instruments",
"Vacuum gauges",
"Vacuum systems",
"Pressure gauges",
"Matter"
] |
14,646,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20ordering | Charge ordering (CO) is a (first- or second-order) phase transition occurring mostly in strongly correlated materials such as transition metal oxides or organic conductors. Due to the strong interaction between electrons, charges are localized on different sites leading to a disproportionation and an ordered superlatt... | Charge ordering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,665 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
14,647,723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disclination | In crystallography, a disclination is a line defect in which there is compensation of an angular gap. They were first discussed by Vito Volterra in 1907, who provided an analysis of the elastic strains of a wedge disclination. By analogy to dislocations in crystals, the term, disinclination, was first used by Frederick... | Disclination | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 726 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Crystallographic defects",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Mechanics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Materials degradation",
"Matter"
] |
14,650,127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt%20Zawirski | Zygmunt Zawirski (29 July 1882 – 2 April 1948) was a Polish philosopher and logician.
His main field of study was philosophy of physics, history of science, multi-valued logic and relation of multi-valued logic to calculus of probability.
Biography
Zawirski was born on 29 July 1882 in the village of Berezowica Mała (... | Zygmunt Zawirski | [
"Mathematics"
] | 253 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical logicians"
] |
14,650,318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%20Cassini%20Soldner | Israeli Cassini Soldner (ICS), commonly known as the Old Israeli Grid (OIG; Reshet Yisra'el Ha-Yeshana) is the old geographic coordinate system for Israel. The name is derived from the Cassini Soldner projection it uses and the fact that it is optimized for Israel. ICS has been mostly replaced by the new coordinate sy... | Israeli Cassini Soldner | [
"Mathematics"
] | 624 | [
"Geographic coordinate systems",
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
14,650,395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadic%20second-order%20logic | In mathematical logic, monadic second-order logic (MSO) is the fragment of second-order logic where the second-order quantification is limited to quantification over sets. It is particularly important in the logic of graphs, because of Courcelle's theorem, which provides algorithms for evaluating monadic second-order f... | Monadic second-order logic | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,122 | [
"Mathematical logic"
] |
169,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth%20force | In physics, a fifth force refers to a hypothetical fundamental interaction (also known as fundamental force) beyond the four known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces.
Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observat... | Fifth force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,533 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
170,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi%20energy | The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics usually referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature.
In a Fermi gas, the lowest occupied state is taken to have zero kinetic energy, where... | Fermi energy | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,094 | [
"Phases of matter",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter",
"Materials science"
] |
170,429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropic%20etching | In semiconductor manufacturing, isotropic etching is a method commonly used to remove material from a substrate via a chemical process using an etchant substance. The etchant may be in liquid-, gas- or plasma-phase, although liquid etchants such as buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) for silicon dioxide etching are more o... | Isotropic etching | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 162 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
171,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin | Chitin (C8H13O5N)n ( ) is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, an amide derivative of glucose. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature (behind only cellulose); an estimated 1 billion tons of chitin are produced each year in the biosphere. It is a primary component of cell walls in fungi (esp... | Chitin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,830 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Natural products",
"Biochemistry",
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules",
"Molecular biology",
"Structural biology",
"Polysaccharides"
] |
171,317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent%20exchange | Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other, in which there is a transfer of some property, usually heat or some chemical. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation colum... | Countercurrent exchange | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 5,329 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Chemical engineering",
"Thermodynamics",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
171,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20melting | Zone melting (or zone refining, or floating-zone method, or floating-zone technique) is a group of similar methods of purifying crystals, in which a narrow region of a crystal is melted, and this molten zone is moved along the crystal. The molten region melts impure solid at its forward edge and leaves a wake of purer ... | Zone melting | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,237 | [
"Separation processes by phases",
"Methods of crystal growth",
"Crystallography",
"Crystals",
"Liquid-solid separation"
] |
171,414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20drawing | An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing that is used to convey information about an object. A common use is to specify the geometry necessary for the construction of a component and is called a detail drawing. Usually, a number of drawings are necessary to completely specify even a simple component. These... | Engineering drawing | [
"Engineering"
] | 8,553 | [
"Design engineering",
"Technical drawing",
"Civil engineering",
"nan"
] |
171,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetboat | A jetboat is a boat propelled by a jet of water ejected from the back of the craft. Unlike a powerboat or motorboat that uses an external propeller in the water below or behind the boat, a jetboat draws the water from under the boat through an intake and into a pump-jet inside the boat, before expelling it through a n... | Jetboat | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,829 | [
"Marine propulsion",
"Marine engineering"
] |
171,552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision%20detection | Collision detection is the computational problem of detecting an intersection of two or more objects in virtual space. More precisely, it deals with the questions of if, when and where two or more objects intersect. Collision detection is a classic problem of computational geometry with applications in computer graphic... | Collision detection | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 4,792 | [
"Computational geometry",
"Computational mathematics",
"Computer engineering",
"Robotics engineering"
] |
171,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis%20light%20transport | Metropolis light transport (MLT) is a global illumination application of a Monte Carlo method called the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to the rendering equation for generating images from detailed physical descriptions of three-dimensional scenes.
The procedure constructs paths from the eye to a light source using bid... | Metropolis light transport | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 533 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computing stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
171,728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20equation | In fluid dynamics, the drag equation is a formula used to calculate the force of drag experienced by an object due to movement through a fully enclosing fluid. The equation is:
where
is the drag force, which is by definition the force component in the direction of the flow velocity,
is the mass density of the fluid,... | Drag equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,506 | [
"Drag (physics)",
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
171,816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Extended%20Phenotype | The Extended Phenotype is a 1982 book by the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author introduced a biological concept of the same name. The book's main idea is that phenotype should not be limited to biological processes such as protein biosynthesis or tissue growth, but extended to include all effec... | The Extended Phenotype | [
"Biology"
] | 1,438 | [
"Evolutionary biology concepts"
] |
8,808,087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty%20acid%20synthase | Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FASN gene.
Fatty acid synthase is a multi-enzyme protein that catalyzes fatty acid synthesis. It is not a single enzyme but a whole enzymatic system composed of two identical 272 kDa multifunctional polypeptides, in which substrates are handed fro... | Fatty acid synthase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,816 | [
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism"
] |
8,810,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal%20and%20meridional%20flow | Zonal and meridional flow are directions and regions of fluid flow on a globe.
Zonal flow follows a pattern along latitudinal lines, latitudinal circles or in the west–east direction.
Meridional flow follows a pattern from north to south, or from south to north, along the Earth's longitude lines, longitudinal circles ... | Zonal and meridional flow | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 353 | [
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)"
] |
8,812,149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL2 | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. ... | CXCL2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 406 | [
"Cytokines",
"Signal transduction"
] |
8,812,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20replacement | Molecular replacement (MR) is a method of solving the phase problem in X-ray crystallography. MR relies upon the existence of a previously solved protein structure which is similar to our unknown structure from which the diffraction data is derived. This could come from a homologous protein, or from the lower-resolutio... | Molecular replacement | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 743 | [
"X-ray crystallography",
"Crystallography"
] |
3,071,999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunroom | A sunroom, also frequently called a solarium (and sometimes a "Florida room", "garden conservatory", "garden room", "patio room", "sun parlor", "sun porch", "three season room" or "winter garden"), is a room that permits abundant daylight and views of the landscape while sheltering from adverse weather. Sunroom and sol... | Sunroom | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 518 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Solar design",
"Energy engineering",
"Rooms",
"Glass architecture",
"Architecture"
] |
3,073,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agitator%20%28device%29 | An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion by shaking or stirring. There are several types of agitation machines, including washing machine agitators (which rotate back and forth) and magnetic agitators (which contain a magnetic bar rotating in a magnetic field). Agitators can come in many sizes ... | Agitator (device) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 636 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,074,037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARGUS%20distribution | In physics, the ARGUS distribution, named after the particle physics experiment ARGUS, is the probability distribution of the reconstructed invariant mass of a decayed particle candidate in continuum background.
Definition
The probability density function (pdf) of the ARGUS distribution is:
for . Here and are para... | ARGUS distribution | [
"Physics"
] | 317 | [
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
4,200,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20heat%20flux | In the study of heat transfer, critical heat flux (CHF) is the heat flux at which boiling ceases to be an effective form of transferring heat from a solid surface to a liquid.
Description
Boiling systems are those in which liquid coolant absorbs energy from a heated solid surface and undergoes a change in phase. In f... | Critical heat flux | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,248 | [
"Thermodynamics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,204,003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%E2%80%93Keldysh%20effect | The Franz–Keldysh effect is a change in optical absorption by a semiconductor when an electric field is applied. The effect is named after the German physicist Walter Franz and Russian physicist Leonid Keldysh.
Karl W. Böer observed first the shift of the optical absorption edge with electric fields during the disco... | Franz–Keldysh effect | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,566 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Computer engineering"
] |
4,205,059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuropaBio | EuropaBio ("The European Association for Bioindustries") is Europe's largest and most influential biotech industry group, whose members include leading large-size healthcare and industrial biotechnology companies. EuropaBio is located in Brussels, Belgium. The organisation was initiated in 1996 to represent the interes... | EuropaBio | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 633 | [
"Biotechnology organizations",
"Pan-European biotechnology organisations"
] |
1,581,131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20motor | An electrostatic motor or capacitor motor is a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge.
An alternative type of electrostatic motor is the spacecraft electrostatic ion drive thruster where forces and motion are created by electrostatically accelerating ions.
Overview
An electros... | Electrostatic motor | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 829 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Engines",
"Electric motors"
] |
1,581,163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectric%20motor | A piezoelectric motor or piezo motor is a type of electric motor based on the change in shape of a piezoelectric material when an electric field is applied, as a consequence of the converse piezoelectric effect. An electrical circuit makes acoustic or ultrasonic vibrations in the piezoelectric material, most often lead... | Piezoelectric motor | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,653 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Engines",
"Electric motors"
] |
1,581,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20jasmonate | Methyl jasmonate (abbreviated MeJA) is a volatile organic compound used in plant defense and many diverse developmental pathways such as seed germination, root growth, flowering, fruit ripening, and senescence. Methyl jasmonate is derived from jasmonic acid and the reaction is catalyzed by S-adenosyl--methionine:jasmon... | Methyl jasmonate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 924 | [
"Ketones",
"Functional groups"
] |
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