id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
607,686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatini%20variation | In general relativity and gravitation the Palatini variation is nowadays thought of as a variation of a Lagrangian with respect to the connection.
In fact, as is well known, the Einstein–Hilbert action for general relativity was first formulated purely in terms of the spacetime metric . In the Palatini variational met... | Palatini variation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 394 | [
"Lagrangian mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
608,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyramine | Tyramine ( ) (also spelled tyramin), also known under several other names, is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Tyramine acts as a catecholamine releasing agent. Notably, it is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, resulting in only non-psychoactive peripheral sympathomimetic ef... | Tyramine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,296 | [
"Alkaloids by chemical classification",
"Phenethylamine alkaloids"
] |
608,162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suprachiasmatic%20nucleus | The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a small region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm. It is responsible for regulating sleep cycles in animals. Reception of light inputs from photosensitive retinal ganglion cells allow it to coordinate the subordinate cellular clocks ... | Suprachiasmatic nucleus | [
"Biology"
] | 3,670 | [
"Behavior",
"Sleep physiology",
"Sleep",
"Circadian rhythm"
] |
609,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an expression is a written arrangement of symbols following the context-dependent, syntactic conventions of mathematical notation. Symbols can denote numbers, variables, operations, and functions. Other symbols include punctuation marks and brackets, used for grouping where there is not a well-defined ... | Expression (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,613 | [
"Algebra",
"Mathematical logic",
"Elementary algebra",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Logical expressions",
"Abstract algebra"
] |
609,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20%28mechanical%20device%29 | A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine.
Transmissions can have a single fixed-gear ratio, multiple distinct gear ratios, or continuously variable ... | Transmission (mechanical device) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,326 | [
"Mechanical power transmission",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Mechanisms (engineering)"
] |
609,717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%E2%80%93silicon%20alloys | Aluminium–silicon alloys or Silumin is a general name for a group of lightweight, high-strength aluminium alloys based on an aluminum–silicon system (AlSi) that consist predominantly of aluminum - with silicon as the quantitatively most important alloying element. Pure AlSi alloys cannot be hardened, the commonly used ... | Aluminium–silicon alloys | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,848 | [
"Alloys",
"Aluminium alloys"
] |
610,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EUMETSAT | The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States.
EUMETSAT's primary objective is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operatio... | EUMETSAT | [
"Astronomy",
"Engineering"
] | 1,878 | [
"Space programs",
"European space programmes",
"Astronomy organizations",
"Space organizations"
] |
610,202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine%20structure | In atomic physics, the fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It was first measured precisely for the hydrogen atom by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887, laying the basis for the... | Fine structure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,523 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
610,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrador%20Sea | The Labrador Sea (; ) is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland. The sea is flanked by continental shelves to the southwest, northwest, and northeast. It connects to the north with Baffin Bay through the Davis Strait. It is a marginal sea of the Atlantic.
The sea formed upon se... | Labrador Sea | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,753 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
610,582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escapement | An escapement is a mechanical linkage in mechanical watches and clocks that gives impulses to the timekeeping element and periodically releases the gear train to move forward, advancing the clock's hands. The impulse action transfers energy to the clock's timekeeping element (usually a pendulum or balance wheel) to rep... | Escapement | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 8,755 | [
"Timekeeping components",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical power control",
"Components"
] |
4,210,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LIGA | LIGA is a fabrication technology used to create high-aspect-ratio microstructures. The term is a German acronym for – lithography, electroplating, and molding.
Overview
LIGA consists of three main processing steps: lithography, electroplating, and molding. There are two main LIGA-fabrication technologies: X-Ray LIG... | LIGA | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,428 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Microtechnology",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
4,211,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadomtsev%E2%80%93Petviashvili%20equation | In mathematics and physics, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (often abbreviated as KP equation) is a partial differential equation to describe nonlinear wave motion. Named after Boris Borisovich Kadomtsev and Vladimir Iosifovich Petviashvili, the KP equation is usually written as
where . The above form shows that ... | Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 893 | [
"Equations of fluid dynamics",
"Equations of physics",
"Integrable systems",
"Theoretical physics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,211,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy%20building | A Zero-Energy Building (ZEB), also known as a Net Zero-Energy (NZE) building, is a building with net zero energy consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site or in other definitions by renewable energy sources offs... | Zero-energy building | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 16,110 | [
"Environmental design",
"Sustainable building",
"Sustainable architecture",
"Building engineering",
"Energy economics",
"Construction",
"Environmental social science",
"Design",
"Building biology",
"Architecture"
] |
3,077,731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdimensional | Interdimensional may refer to:
Interdimensional hypothesis
Interdimensional doorway
Interdimensional travel
Dimension | Interdimensional | [
"Physics"
] | 26 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Dimension",
"Physical quantities",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
3,077,732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenchel%27s%20theorem | In differential geometry, Fenchel's theorem is an inequality on the total absolute curvature of a closed smooth space curve, stating that it is always at least . Equivalently, the average curvature is at least , where is the length of the curve. The only curves of this type whose total absolute curvature equals and w... | Fenchel's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 373 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Theorems in differential geometry",
"Physical quantities",
"Theorems in plane geometry",
"Theorems about curves",
"Theorems in geometry",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
3,077,796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorodeoxyglucose%20%2818F%29 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F)}}
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (INN), or fluorodeoxyglucose F 18 (USAN and USP), also commonly called fluorodeoxyglucose and abbreviated [18F]FDG, 2-[18F]FDG or FDG, is a radiopharmaceutical, specifically a radiotracer, used in the medical imaging modality positron emission tomograph... | Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,839 | [
"Carbohydrates",
"Medicinal radiochemistry",
"Deoxy sugars",
"PET radiotracers",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Chemicals in medicine"
] |
3,079,231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carothers%20equation | In step-growth polymerization, the Carothers equation (or Carothers' equation) gives the degree of polymerization, , for a given fractional monomer conversion, .
There are several versions of this equation, proposed by Wallace Carothers, who invented nylon in 1935.
Linear polymers: two monomers in equimolar quantiti... | Carothers equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 783 | [
"Equations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
3,080,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level%20design | High-level design (HLD) explains the architecture that would be used to develop a system. The architecture diagram provides an overview of an entire system, identifying the main components that would be developed for the product and their interfaces.
The HLD can use non-technical to mildly technical terms which should ... | High-level design | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 524 | [
"Computer occupations",
"Software engineering",
"Design",
"Software design",
"Software development"
] |
3,081,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisomal%20targeting%20signal | In biochemical protein targeting, a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) is a region of the peroxisomal protein that receptors recognize and bind to. It is responsible for specifying that proteins containing this motif are localised to the peroxisome.
Overview
All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm a... | Peroxisomal targeting signal | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 511 | [
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Protein targeting",
"Signal transduction",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry"
] |
3,082,158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multileaf%20collimator | A multileaf collimator (MLC) is a Collimator or beam-limiting device that is made of individual "leaves" of a high atomic numbered material, usually tungsten, that can move independently in and out of the path of a radiotherapy beam in order to shape it and vary its intensity.
MLCs are used in external beam radiothera... | Multileaf collimator | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 359 | [
"Medical equipment",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Medical physics",
"Medical technology"
] |
3,082,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake%20Baroque | Earthquake Baroque, or Seismic Baroque, is a style of Baroque architecture found in the former Spanish East Indies (now the Philippines and some nearby Pacific islands) and in Guatemala, which were Spanish-ruled territories that suffered destructive earthquakes during the 17th and the 18th centuries. Large public build... | Earthquake Baroque | [
"Engineering"
] | 316 | [
"Earthquake engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Structural engineering"
] |
2,233,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrin | Aldrin is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used until the 1990s, when it was banned in most countries. Aldrin is a member of the so-called "classic organochlorines" (COC) group of pesticides. COCs enjoyed a very sharp rise in popularity during and after World War II. Other noteworthy examples of COCs inclu... | Aldrin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,407 | [
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention",
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution",
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Neurochemistry",
"Neurotoxins"
] |
2,233,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOPAC | MOPAC is a computational chemistry software package that implements a variety of semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods based on the neglect of diatomic differential overlap (NDDO) approximation and fit primarily for gas-phase thermochemistry. Modern versions of MOPAC support 83 elements of the periodic table (H-La, ... | MOPAC | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,151 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software"
] |
2,234,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrospray | The name electrospray is used for an apparatus that employs electricity to disperse a liquid or for the fine aerosol resulting from this process. High voltage is applied to a liquid supplied through an emitter (usually a glass or metallic capillary). Ideally the liquid reaching the emitter tip forms a Taylor cone, whic... | Electrospray | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,596 | [
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Colloids",
"Materials science",
"Aerosols",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan"
] |
2,235,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manning%20formula | The Manning formula or Manning's equation is an empirical formula estimating the average velocity of a liquid in an open channel flow (flowing in a conduit that does not completely enclose the liquid). However, this equation is also used for calculation of flow variables in case of flow in partially full conduits, as t... | Manning formula | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,715 | [
"Hydrology",
"Building engineering",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Piping",
"Hydraulic engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,237,293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staudinger%20reaction | The Staudinger reaction is a chemical reaction of an organic azide with a phosphine or phosphite produces an iminophosphorane. The reaction was discovered by and named after Hermann Staudinger. The reaction follows this stoichiometry:
R3P + R'N3 → R3P=NR' + N2
Staudinger reduction
The Staudinger reduction is conducte... | Staudinger reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 536 | [
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"nan",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Glycobiology"
] |
2,237,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry and physics, cohesion (), also called cohesive attraction or cohesive force, is the action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive. It is an intrinsic property of a substance that is caused by the shape and structure of its molecules, which makes the distribution of surro... | Cohesion (chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 670 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Materials science",
"Intermolecular forces",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Physical properties",
" and optical physics"
] |
13,520,509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baire%20measure | In mathematics, a Baire measure is a measure on the σ-algebra of Baire sets of a topological space whose value on every compact Baire set is finite. In compact metric spaces the Borel sets and the Baire sets are the same, so Baire measures are the same as Borel measures that are finite on compact sets. In general Baire... | Baire measure | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 408 | [
"Measures (measure theory)",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Size"
] |
13,522,147 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20coder | A clinical coder—also known as clinical coding officer, diagnostic coder, medical coder, or nosologist—is a health information professional whose main duties are to analyse clinical statements and assign standardized codes using a classification system. The health data produced are an integral part of health informatio... | Clinical coder | [
"Biology"
] | 2,468 | [
"Health informatics",
"Medical technology"
] |
13,522,189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cno%20Benkichi | was a Japanese photographer and inventor. He is known for making Karakuri puppets.
Life and career
Ōno Benkichi was born in Kyoto in 1801. His real name was . At the age of 20, he moved to Nagasaki to study Western medicine and science. After studying weaponry and mathematics on Tsushima Island, he returned to Kyoto ... | Ōno Benkichi | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 227 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Karakuri"
] |
13,522,371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%20oxide%20adsorption | Iron oxide adsorption is a water treatment process that is used to remove arsenic from drinking water. Arsenic is a common natural contaminant of well water and is highly carcinogenic. Iron oxide adsorption treatment for arsenic in groundwater is a commonly practiced removal process which involves the chemical treatm... | Iron oxide adsorption | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 476 | [
"Water treatment",
"Water pollution",
"Water technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,984,862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrotron%20Radiation%20Center | The Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), located in Stoughton, Wisconsin and operated by the University of Wisconsin–Madison, was a national synchrotron light source research facility, operating the Aladdin storage ring. From 1968 to 1987 SRC was the home of Tantalus, the first storage ring dedicated to the production o... | Synchrotron Radiation Center | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,979 | [
"Materials testing",
"Synchrotron radiation facilities"
] |
10,985,744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotational%20diffusion | Rotational diffusion is the rotational movement which acts upon any object such as particles, molecules, atoms when present in a fluid, by random changes in their orientations.
Although the directions and intensities of these changes are statistically random, they do not arise randomly and are instead the result of int... | Rotational diffusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,924 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Motion (physics)"
] |
10,986,798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20symmetry | In chemistry, molecular symmetry describes the symmetry present in molecules and the classification of these molecules according to their symmetry. Molecular symmetry is a fundamental concept in chemistry, as it can be used to predict or explain many of a molecule's chemical properties, such as whether or not it has a... | Molecular symmetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 5,067 | [
"Theoretical chemistry",
"nan",
"Geometry",
"Symmetry"
] |
10,987,985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact%20category | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an exact category is a category equipped with short exact sequences. The concept is due to Daniel Quillen and is designed to encapsulate the properties of short exact sequences in abelian categories without requiring that morphisms actually possess kernels and cokernels... | Exact category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,204 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Additive categories",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
10,988,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical%20interference | When two probability distributions overlap, statistical interference exists. Knowledge of the distributions can be used to determine the likelihood that one parameter exceeds another, and by how much.
This technique can be used for geometric dimensioning of mechanical parts, determining when an applied load exceeds t... | Statistical interference | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 519 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Systems engineering",
"Reliability engineering",
"Applied probability"
] |
10,989,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroanalytical%20methods | Electroanalytical methods are a class of techniques in analytical chemistry which study an analyte by measuring the potential (volts) and/or current (amperes) in an electrochemical cell containing the analyte. These methods can be broken down into several categories depending on which aspects of the cell are controlle... | Electroanalytical methods | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,000 | [
"Electroanalytical methods",
"Electroanalytical chemistry"
] |
10,990,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oocyte%20cryopreservation | Oocyte cryopreservation is a procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes). The technique is often used to delay pregnancy. At the time pregnancy is desired, the eggs can be thawed, fertilized, and transferred to the uterus as embryos. Many studies have suggested infertility problems as germ cell deterioration related... | Oocyte cryopreservation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,758 | [
"Cryopreservation",
"Cryobiology",
"Assisted reproductive technology",
"Medical technology"
] |
10,993,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin%E2%80%93Lomax%20model | The Baldwin–Lomax model is a 0-equation turbulence model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulent boundary layer flows.
External links
Baldwin-Lomax model at cfd-online.com
Fluid dynamics
Mathematical modeling | Baldwin–Lomax model | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 45 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied mathematics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Applied mathematics stubs",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,993,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebeci%E2%80%93Smith%20model | The Cebeci–Smith model, developed by Tuncer Cebeci and Apollo M. O. Smith in 1967, is a 0-equation eddy viscosity model used in computational fluid dynamics analysis of turbulence in boundary layer flows. The model gives eddy viscosity, , as a function of the local boundary layer velocity profile. The model is suitable... | Cebeci–Smith model | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 371 | [
"Mathematical modeling",
"Applied mathematics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,993,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbane | Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of pl... | Plumbane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 484 | [
"Metal hydrides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Reducing agents"
] |
5,611,195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium-232 | Uranium-232 () is an isotope of uranium. It has a half-life of around
69 years and is a side product in the thorium cycle. It has been cited as an obstacle to nuclear proliferation using 233U as the fissile material, because the intense gamma radiation emitted by 208Tl (a daughter of 232U, produced relatively quickly)... | Uranium-232 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 581 | [
"Isotopes",
"Fissile materials",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"Isotopes of uranium",
"Explosive chemicals",
"Matter"
] |
5,611,262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20in%20the%20environment | Uranium in the environment is a global health concern, and comes from both natural and man-made sources. Beyond naturally occurring uranium, mining, phosphates in agriculture, weapons manufacturing, and nuclear power are anthropogenic sources of uranium in the environment.
In the natural environment, radioactivity of ... | Uranium in the environment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,391 | [
"Element toxicology",
"Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements",
"Radiobiology",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Nuclear technology",
"Soil contamination",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
11,965,603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20rotation | Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. The rate of rotation can be measured from the spectrum of the star, or by timing the movements of active features on the surface.
The rotation of a star produces an equatorial bulge due to centrifugal force. As stars are not solid bodies, they can also u... | Stellar rotation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,658 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Rotation",
"Motion (physics)",
"Concepts in stellar astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Stellar astronomy"
] |
11,967,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Bear%20Forest | The White Bear Forest is an old growth forest, located in Temagami, Ontario, Canada. The forest is named after Chief White Bear, who was the last chief of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai before Europeans appeared in the region. In some parts of the White Bear Forest trees commonly reach 200 to 300 years in age, while the ol... | White Bear Forest | [
"Biology"
] | 867 | [
"Old-growth forests",
"Ecosystems"
] |
11,969,823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanosystems%20Initiative%20Munich | The Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) is a German research cluster in the field of nano sciences. It is one of the excellence clusters being funded within the German Excellence Initiative of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
The cluster joins the scientific work of about 60 research groups in the Munich region an... | Nanosystems Initiative Munich | [
"Materials_science"
] | 298 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanotechnology institutions"
] |
11,974,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chinese%20mushrooms%20and%20fungi | East Asian mushrooms and fungi are often used in East Asian cuisine, either fresh or dried. According to Chinese traditional medicine, many types of mushroom affect the eater's physical and emotional wellbeing.
List of mushrooms and fungi
See also
List of mushroom dishes
Chinese
Chinese cuisine
Chinese edible mush... | List of Chinese mushrooms and fungi | [
"Biology"
] | 59 | [
"Fungi",
"Lists of fungi"
] |
7,330,494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte%20growth%20factor | Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or scatter factor (SF) is a paracrine cellular growth, motility and morphogenic factor. It is secreted by mesenchymal cells and targets and acts primarily upon epithelial cells and endothelial cells, but also acts on haemopoietic progenitor cells and T cells. It has been shown to have a m... | Hepatocyte growth factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,017 | [
"Growth factors",
"Signal transduction",
"Cytokines",
"Developmental genes and proteins",
"Induced stem cells"
] |
7,330,572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis-inducing%20factor | Apoptosis inducing factor is involved in initiating a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis (positive intrinsic regulator of apoptosis) by causing DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Apoptosis inducing factor is a flavoprotein. It also acts as an NADH oxidase. Another AIF function is to regulate the permea... | Apoptosis-inducing factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,045 | [
"Senescence",
"Programmed cell death",
"Apoptosis",
"Signal transduction"
] |
7,330,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-periodic%20oscillation%20%28astronomy%29 | In X-ray astronomy, quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) is the manner in which the X-ray light from an astronomical object flickers about certain frequencies. In these situations, the X-rays are emitted near the inner edge of an accretion disk in which gas swirls onto a compact object such as a white dwarf, neutron star, ... | Quasi-periodic oscillation (astronomy) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,014 | [
"X-rays",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Observational astronomy",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
7,330,887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myogenin | Myogenin, is a transcriptional activator encoded by the MYOG gene.
Myogenin is a muscle-specific basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor involved in the coordination of skeletal muscle development or myogenesis and repair. Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of transcription factors, which also includes... | Myogenin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 249 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
7,330,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twist-related%20protein%201 | Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) also known as class A basic helix–loop–helix protein 38 (bHLHa38) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the TWIST1 gene.
Function
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors have been implicated in cell lineage determination and differe... | Twist-related protein 1 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 862 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
7,330,969 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphthalmia-associated%20transcription%20factor | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MITF gene.
MITF is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor involved in lineage-specific pathway regulation of many types of cells includin... | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,006 | [
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Induced stem cells",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Transcription factors"
] |
7,331,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%20switch | A pressure switch is a form of switch that operates an electrical contact when a certain set fluid pressure has been reached on its input. The switch may be designed to make contact either on pressure rise or on pressure fall. Pressure switches are widely used in industry to automatically supervise and control systems... | Pressure switch | [
"Physics"
] | 1,013 | [
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Hydraulic tools"
] |
7,333,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20control%20system | An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field co... | Industrial control system | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,427 | [
"Manufacturing",
"Automation",
"Industrial engineering",
"Control engineering",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Industrial automation"
] |
1,586,105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice%20protein | Lattice proteins are highly simplified models of protein-like heteropolymer chains on lattice conformational space which are used to investigate protein folding. Simplification in lattice proteins is twofold: each whole residue (amino acid) is modeled as a single "bead" or "point" of a finite set of types (usually only... | Lattice protein | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,660 | [
"Protein structure",
"Computational problems",
"Structural biology",
"Mathematical problems",
"NP-complete problems"
] |
1,586,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9chet%20filter | In mathematics, the Fréchet filter, also called the cofinite filter, on a set is a certain collection of subsets of (that is, it is a particular subset of the power set of ).
A subset of belongs to the Fréchet filter if and only if the complement of in is finite.
Any such set is said to be , which is why it is a... | Fréchet filter | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 759 | [
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Order theory"
] |
1,586,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO%20blood%20group%20system | The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes (red blood cells). For human blood transfusions, it is the most important of the 44 different blood type (or group) classification systems currently recognized by the International Society of Blood... | ABO blood group system | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,125 | [
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
1,587,123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%C3%A9%20g-factor | In physics, the Landé g-factor is a particular example of a g-factor, namely for an electron with both spin and orbital angular momenta. It is named after Alfred Landé, who first described it in 1921.
In atomic physics, the Landé g-factor is a multiplicative term appearing in the expression for the energy levels of an... | Landé g-factor | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 546 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Nuclear physics",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
1,587,656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20private%20database | A virtual private database or VPD masks data in a larger database so that only a subset of the data appears to exist, without actually segregating data into different tables, schemas or databases. A typical application is constraining sites, departments, individuals, etc. to operate only on their own records and at the... | Virtual private database | [
"Engineering"
] | 212 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Data security"
] |
1,589,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemawashi | Nemawashi () is a Japanese business informal process of laying the foundation for some proposed change or project by talking to the people concerned and gathering support and feedback before a formal announcement. It is considered an important element in any major change in the Japanese business environment before any... | Nemawashi | [
"Engineering"
] | 415 | [
"Lean manufacturing"
] |
8,830,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspace%20theorem | In mathematics, the subspace theorem says that points of small height in projective space lie in a finite number of hyperplanes. It is a result obtained by .
Statement
The subspace theorem states that if L1,...,Ln are linearly independent linear forms in n variables with algebraic coefficients and if ε>0 is any given ... | Subspace theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 326 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"Diophantine approximation",
"Approximations",
"Number theory"
] |
8,834,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptagonal%20tiling | In geometry, a heptagonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is represented by Schläfli symbol of {7,3}, having three regular heptagons around each vertex.
Images
Related polyhedra and tilings
This tiling is topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra with Schläfli symbol {n,... | Heptagonal tiling | [
"Physics"
] | 447 | [
"Isogonal tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Hyperbolic tilings",
"Isohedral tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
8,834,365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order-7%20triangular%20tiling | In geometry, the order-7 triangular tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane with a Schläfli symbol of {3,7}.
Hurwitz surfaces
The symmetry group of the tiling is the (2,3,7) triangle group, and a fundamental domain for this action is the (2,3,7) Schwarz triangle. This is the smallest hyperbolic Schwarz tr... | Order-7 triangular tiling | [
"Physics"
] | 560 | [
"Isogonal tilings",
"Tessellation",
"Hyperbolic tilings",
"Isohedral tilings",
"Symmetry"
] |
8,834,541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frataxin | Frataxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FXN gene.
It is located in the mitochondrion and Frataxin mRNA is mostly expressed in tissues with a high metabolic rate. The function of frataxin is not clear but it is involved in assembly of iron-sulfur clusters. It has been proposed to act as either an iron c... | Frataxin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,416 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
8,837,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroartemisinin | Dihydroartemisinin (also known as dihydroqinghaosu, artenimol or DHA) is a drug used to treat malaria. Dihydroartemisinin is the active metabolite of all artemisinin compounds (artemisinin, artesunate, artemether, etc.) and is also available as a drug in itself. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin and is... | Dihydroartemisinin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,082 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Lactols",
"Functional groups",
"Organic peroxides"
] |
9,508,538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic%20initiation%20factor | Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are proteins or protein complexes involved in the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. These proteins help stabilize the formation of ribosomal preinitiation complexes around the start codon and are an important input for post-transcription gene regulation. Several initiation... | Eukaryotic initiation factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,690 | [
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Biosynthesis",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
9,508,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20initiation%20factor | A bacterial initiation factor (IF) is a protein that stabilizes the initiation complex for polypeptide translation.
Translation initiation is essential to protein synthesis and regulates mRNA translation fidelity and efficiency in bacteria. The 30S ribosomal subunit, initiator tRNA, and mRNA form an initiation complex... | Bacterial initiation factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,414 | [
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Biosynthesis",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
9,511,813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20waste%20agriculture | Zero waste agriculture is a type of sustainable agriculture which optimizes use of the five natural kingdoms, i.e. plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce biodiverse-food, energy and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedsto... | Zero waste agriculture | [
"Physics"
] | 459 | [
"Materials",
"Waste",
"Matter"
] |
9,512,445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing%20Engineering%20Centre | The Manufacturing Engineering Centre (MEC) is an international R&D Centre of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing and Information Technology. The MEC was founded in 1996 under the directorship of Professor Duc Truong Pham. The Centre forms part of Cardiff University, which dates back to 1883 and is one of Britain's m... | Manufacturing Engineering Centre | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 432 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Nanotechnology institutions",
"Industrial engineering"
] |
9,516,170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyanhydride | Polyanhydrides are a class of biodegradable polymers characterized by anhydride bonds that connect repeat units of the polymer backbone chain. Their main application is in the medical device and pharmaceutical industry. In vivo, polyanhydrides degrade into non-toxic diacid monomers that can be metabolized and eliminate... | Polyanhydride | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,090 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Biological engineering",
"Materials",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Polymers",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
1,026,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyl%20tensor | In differential geometry, the Weyl curvature tensor, named after Hermann Weyl, is a measure of the curvature of spacetime or, more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Like the Riemann curvature tensor, the Weyl tensor expresses the tidal force that a body feels when moving along a geodesic. The Weyl tensor diffe... | Weyl tensor | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,101 | [
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Tensor physical quantities",
"Curvature tensors",
"Tensors in general relativity"
] |
1,027,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code | G-code (also RS-274) is the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) and 3D printing programming language. It is used mainly in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools, as well as for 3D-printer slicer applications. The G stands for geometry. G-code has many variants.
G-code instructi... | G-code | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,013 | [
"Construction",
"Industrial engineering",
"Computer-aided engineering"
] |
1,027,466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xprize%20Foundation | XPRIZE Foundation is a non-profit organization that designs and hosts public competitions intended to encourage technological development. The XPRIZE mission is to bring about "radical breakthroughs for the benefit of humanity" through incentivized competition. It aims to motivate individuals, companies, and organizati... | Xprize Foundation | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 4,131 | [
"Genetic engineering",
"Transhumanism",
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
1,028,314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penman%20equation | The Penman equation describes evaporation (E) from an open water surface, and was developed by Howard Penman in 1948. Penman's equation requires daily mean temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and solar radiation to predict E. Simpler Hydrometeorological equations continue to be used where obtaining such data is im... | Penman equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 973 | [
"Hydrology",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
1,028,388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosamine | Nitrosamines (or more formally N-nitrosamines) are organic compounds produced by industrial processes. The chemical structure is , where R is usually an alkyl group. They feature a nitroso group () that are "probable human carcinogens", bonded to a deprotonated amine. Most nitrosamines are carcinogenic in animals. A 20... | Nitrosamine | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 785 | [
"Digestive system",
"Toxicology",
"Functional groups",
"Organ systems",
"Nitrogen cycle",
"Carcinogens",
"Metabolism"
] |
1,028,589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20basis | In mathematics, specifically the algebraic theory of fields, a normal basis is a special kind of basis for Galois extensions of finite degree, characterised as forming a single orbit for the Galois group. The normal basis theorem states that any finite Galois extension of fields has a normal basis. In algebraic number... | Normal basis | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,705 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Cryptography",
"Applied mathematics",
"Linear algebra",
"Abstract algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
1,028,841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex%20category | In mathematics, the simplex category (or simplicial category or nonempty finite ordinal category) is the category of non-empty finite ordinals and order-preserving maps. It is used to define simplicial and cosimplicial objects.
Formal definition
The simplex category is usually denoted by . There are several equivalen... | Simplex category | [
"Mathematics"
] | 637 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic topology",
"Basic concepts in set theory",
"Families of sets",
"Category theory",
"Algebraic structures",
"Simplicial sets",
"Categories in category theory",
"Topology",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Free algebraic structures"
] |
1,028,926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural%20acoustics | Architectural acoustics (also known as building acoustics) is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a building and is a branch of acoustical engineering. The first application of modern scientific methods to architectural acoustics was carried out by the American physicist Wallace Sabine in the ... | Architectural acoustics | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,120 | [
"Building engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Civil engineering",
"Building defects",
"Mechanical failure",
"Architecture"
] |
1,029,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomics | Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites, the small molecule substrates, intermediates, and products of cell metabolism. Specifically, metabolomics is the "systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind", the study of their smal... | Metabolomics | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,643 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Omics",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Systems biology"
] |
1,029,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed%20circuit%20board%20milling | Printed circuit board milling (also: isolation milling) is the milling process used for removing areas of copper from a sheet of printed circuit board (PCB) material to recreate the pads, signal traces and structures according to patterns from a digital circuit board plan known as a layout file. Similar to the more com... | Printed circuit board milling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,467 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
1,030,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humic%20substance | Humic substances (HS) are colored relatively recalcitrant organic compounds naturally formed during long-term decomposition and transformation of biomass residues. The color of humic substances varies from bright yellow to light or dark brown leading to black. The term comes from humus, which in turn comes from the Lat... | Humic substance | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,420 | [
"Organic acids",
"Soil chemistry",
"Acids",
"Organic compounds"
] |
1,030,420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equidistributed%20sequence | In mathematics, a sequence (s1, s2, s3, ...) of real numbers is said to be equidistributed, or uniformly distributed, if the proportion of terms falling in a subinterval is proportional to the length of that subinterval. Such sequences are studied in Diophantine approximation theory and have applications to Monte Carl... | Equidistributed sequence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,832 | [
"Ergodic theory",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Diophantine approximation",
"Approximations",
"Number theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
345,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20volume%20method | The finite volume method (FVM) is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations.
In the finite volume method, volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term are converted to surface integrals, using the divergence theorem. ... | Finite volume method | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,227 | [
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Computational mathematics",
"Computational physics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
345,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20detector | A product detector is a type of demodulator used for AM and SSB signals. Rather than converting the envelope of the signal into the decoded waveform like an envelope detector, the product detector takes the product of the modulated signal and a local oscillator, hence the name. A product detector is a frequency mixer.... | Product detector | [
"Engineering"
] | 909 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Demodulation",
"Frequency mixers",
"Communication circuits"
] |
345,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEGAS%20algorithm | The VEGAS algorithm, due to G. Peter Lepage, is a method for reducing error in Monte Carlo simulations by using a known or approximate probability distribution function to concentrate the search in those areas of the integrand that make the greatest contribution to the final integral.
The VEGAS algorithm is based on i... | VEGAS algorithm | [
"Physics"
] | 418 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics stubs",
"Computational physics"
] |
345,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20differential%20geometry%20topics | This is a list of differential geometry topics. See also glossary of differential and metric geometry and list of Lie group topics.
Differential geometry of curves and surfaces
Differential geometry of curves
List of curves topics
Frenet–Serret formulas
Curves in differential geometry
Line element
Curvature
Radius o... | List of differential geometry topics | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,215 | [
"nan"
] |
345,919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20prime%20untranslated%20region | In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression.
During gene expression, an mRNA molecule is transcri... | Three prime untranslated region | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,936 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
345,929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SECIS%20element | In biology, the SECIS element (SECIS: selenocysteine insertion sequence) is an RNA element around 60 nucleotides in length that adopts a stem-loop structure. This structural motif (pattern of nucleotides) directs the cell to translate UGA codons as selenocysteines (UGA is normally a stop codon). SECIS elements are thus... | SECIS element | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 462 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
346,030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improper%20integral | In mathematical analysis, an improper integral is an extension of the notion of a definite integral to cases that violate the usual assumptions for that kind of integral. In the context of Riemann integrals (or, equivalently, Darboux integrals), this typically involves unboundedness, either of the set over which the in... | Improper integral | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,995 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
346,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20of%20countability | In mathematics, an axiom of countability is a property of certain mathematical objects that asserts the existence of a countable set with certain properties. Without such an axiom, such a set might not provably exist.
Important examples
Important countability axioms for topological spaces include:
sequential space: a ... | Axiom of countability | [
"Mathematics"
] | 274 | [
"General topology",
"Mathematical logic",
"Topology",
"Mathematical axioms"
] |
346,681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3-compact%20space | In mathematics, a topological space is said to be σ-compact if it is the union of countably many compact subspaces.
A space is said to be σ-locally compact if it is both σ-compact and (weakly) locally compact. That terminology can be somewhat confusing as it does not fit the usual pattern of σ-(property) meaning a co... | Σ-compact space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 578 | [
"General topology",
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
346,769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20approximation | In science, engineering, and other quantitative disciplines, order of approximation refers to formal or informal expressions for how accurate an approximation is.
Usage in science and engineering
In formal expressions, the ordinal number used before the word order refers to the highest power in the series expansion us... | Order of approximation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,738 | [
"Computational mathematics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Perturbation theory"
] |
346,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%20gun | The Gauss gun (often called a Gauss rifle or Gauss cannon) is a device that uses permanent magnets and the physics of the Newton's cradle to accelerate a projectile. Gauss guns are distinct from and predate coil guns, although many works of science fiction (and occasionally educators) have confused the two. Typical us... | Gauss gun | [
"Physics"
] | 396 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physics education"
] |
346,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension%20theorem%20for%20vector%20spaces | In mathematics, the dimension theorem for vector spaces states that all bases of a vector space have equally many elements. This number of elements may be finite or infinite (in the latter case, it is a cardinal number), and defines the dimension of the vector space.
Formally, the dimension theorem for vector spaces s... | Dimension theorem for vector spaces | [
"Mathematics"
] | 687 | [
"Theorems in algebra",
"Theorems in linear algebra",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Theorems in abstract algebra"
] |
347,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20metal | An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and... | Amorphous metal | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,975 | [
"Glass",
"Metallurgy",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Materials science",
"Homogeneous chemical mixtures",
"Amorphous metals",
"Alloys",
"Chemical mixtures",
"nan",
"Amorphous solids"
] |
347,049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valuation%20%28algebra%29 | In algebra (in particular in algebraic geometry or algebraic number theory), a valuation is a function on a field that provides a measure of the size or multiplicity of elements of the field. It generalizes to commutative algebra the notion of size inherent in consideration of the degree of a pole or multiplicity of a ... | Valuation (algebra) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,315 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
347,113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger%20team | A tiger team is a team of specialists assembled to work on a specific goal, or to solve a particular problem.
Origin of the term
A 1964 paper entitled Program Management in Design and Development used the term tiger teams and defined it as "a team of undomesticated and uninhibited technical specialists, selected for ... | Tiger team | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 607 | [
"Software engineering",
"Biological engineering",
"Software testing",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
347,322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holotype | A holotype (Latin: holotypus) is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International... | Holotype | [
"Biology"
] | 916 | [
"Botanical nomenclature",
"Zoological nomenclature",
"Botanical terminology",
"Biological nomenclature"
] |
347,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance%20%28genetic%20algorithm%29 | In genetic algorithms, inheritance is the ability of modeled objects to mate, mutate (similar to biological mutation), and propagate their problem solving genes to the next generation, in order to produce an evolved solution to a particular problem. The selection of objects that will be inherited from in each successiv... | Inheritance (genetic algorithm) | [
"Biology"
] | 607 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Genetic algorithms"
] |
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