id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,490,280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spent%20caustic | Spent caustic is a waste industrial caustic solution that has become exhausted and is no longer useful (or spent). Spent caustics are made of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, water, and contaminants. The contaminants have consumed the majority of the sodium (or potassium) hydroxide and thus the caustic liquor ... | Spent caustic | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 641 | [
"Materials",
"Waste",
"Matter",
"Water pollution"
] |
7,493,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20triplet | In number theory, a prime triplet is a set of three prime numbers in which the smallest and largest of the three differ by 6. In particular, the sets must have the form or . With the exceptions of and , this is the closest possible grouping of three prime numbers, since one of every three sequential odd numbers is a ... | Prime triplet | [
"Mathematics"
] | 569 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical problems",
"Number theory",
"Unsolved problems in number theory"
] |
7,493,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss-of-pressure-control%20accident | A loss-of-pressure-control accident (LOPA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor that involves the pressure of the confined coolant falling below specification. Most commercial types of nuclear reactor use a pressure vessel to maintain pressure in the reactor plant. This is necessary in a pressurized water reactor... | Loss-of-pressure-control accident | [
"Technology"
] | 1,094 | [
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Civilian nuclear power accidents"
] |
7,497,569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20immunology | Systems immunology is a research field under systems biology that uses mathematical approaches and computational methods to examine the interactions within cellular and molecular networks of the immune system. The immune system has been thoroughly analyzed as regards to its components and function by using a "reduction... | Systems immunology | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 2,634 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Computational fields of study",
"Branches of immunology",
"Bioinformatics",
"Computing and society",
"Systems biology"
] |
14,845,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Speed%20Civil%20Transport | The High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) was the focus of the NASA High-Speed Research (HSR) program, which intended to develop the technology needed to design and build a supersonic transport that would be environmentally acceptable and economically feasible. The aircraft was to be a future supersonic passenger aircraft,... | High Speed Civil Transport | [
"Physics"
] | 673 | [
"Physical systems",
"Transport",
"Supersonic transports"
] |
14,846,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpion%20toxin | Scorpion toxins are proteins found in the venom of scorpions. Their toxic effect may be mammal- or insect-specific and acts by binding with varying degrees of specificity to members of the Voltage-gated ion channel superfamily; specifically, voltage-gated sodium channels, voltage-gated potassium channels, and Transient... | Scorpion toxin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 823 | [
"Protein toxins",
"Toxins by chemical classification"
] |
14,848,938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs%20secreted%20in%20the%20kidney | This is a table of drugs that are secreted in the kidney.
Acid medication are, because of pH partition, secreted to a higher extent when urine is basic. In the same way, basic medications are secreted to a higher extent when urine is acidic.
References
Pharmacokinetics | Drugs secreted in the kidney | [
"Chemistry"
] | 62 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacokinetics"
] |
5,744,837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction%20of%20distance | Friction of distance is a core principle of geography that states that movement incurs some form of cost, in the form of physical effort, energy, time, and/or the expenditure of other resources, and that these costs are proportional to the distance traveled. This cost is thus a resistance against movement, analogous (b... | Friction of distance | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,434 | [
"Distance",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Space",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
5,745,135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF%20beta%201 | Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. In humans, TGF-β1 is encode... | TGF beta 1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 873 | [
"Proteins",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Molecular biology"
] |
5,745,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA-group | In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be a CA-group or centralizer abelian group if the centralizer of any nonidentity element is an abelian subgroup. Finite CA-groups are of historical importance as an early example of the type of classifications that would be used in the Feit–Thompson theo... | CA-group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 702 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures",
"Properties of groups"
] |
5,745,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CN-group | In mathematics, in the area of algebra known as group theory, a more than fifty-year effort was made to answer a conjecture of : are all groups of odd order solvable? Progress was made by showing that CA-groups, groups in which the centralizer of a non-identity element is abelian, of odd order are solvable . Further pr... | CN-group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 293 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Finite groups",
"Properties of groups",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
5,745,363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20pressure | Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection. It is a quantitative description of the amount of change occurring in processes investigated by evolutionary biology, but the formal... | Evolutionary pressure | [
"Biology"
] | 1,724 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
5,745,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%20puzzle | Conway's puzzle, or blocks-in-a-box, is a packing problem using rectangular blocks, named after its inventor, mathematician John Conway. It calls for packing thirteen 1 × 2 × 4 blocks, one 2 × 2 × 2 block, one 1 × 2 × 2 block, and three 1 × 1 × 3 blocks into a 5 × 5 × 5 box.
Solution
The solution of the Conway puzzle... | Conway puzzle | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 192 | [
"Packing problems",
"Tessellation",
"Recreational mathematics",
"Tiling puzzles",
"Mathematical problems",
"Symmetry"
] |
5,746,828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating%20hormone%20receptor | The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor or FSH receptor (FSHR) is a transmembrane receptor that interacts with the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and represents a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). Its activation is necessary for the hormonal functioning of FSH. FSHRs are found in the ovary, testis, and uterus.
... | Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,526 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Neurochemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
5,747,450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heronian%20mean | In mathematics, the Heronian mean H of two non-negative real numbers A and B is given by the formula
It is named after Hero of Alexandria.
Properties
Just like all means, the Heronian mean is symmetric (it does not depend on the order in which its two arguments are given) and idempotent (the mean of any number with i... | Heronian mean | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 205 | [
"Means",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Point (geometry)",
"Geometric centers",
"Symmetry"
] |
5,748,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CALPUFF |
CALPUFF is an advanced, integrated Lagrangian puff modeling system for the simulation of atmospheric pollution dispersion distributed by the Atmospheric Studies Group at TRC Solutions.
It is maintained by the model developers and distributed by TRC.
The model has been adopted by the United States Environmental Protec... | CALPUFF | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 554 | [
"Atmospheric dispersion modeling",
"Environmental modelling",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
5,748,599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PUFF-PLUME | PUFF-PLUME is a model used to help predict how air pollution disperses in the atmosphere. It is a Gaussian atmospheric transport chemical/radionuclide dispersion model that includes wet and dry deposition, real-time input of meteorological observations and forecasts, dose estimates from inhalation and gamma shine (i.e.... | PUFF-PLUME | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 277 | [
"Atmospheric dispersion modeling",
"Environmental modelling",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
11,184,941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton%E2%80%93Mouton%20effect | In physical optics, the Cotton–Mouton effect is the birefringence in a liquid in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field. It is a similar but stronger effect than the Voigt effect (in which the medium is a gas). Its electric analog is the Kerr effect.
It was discovered in 1905 by Aimé Cotton and Henri Mou... | Cotton–Mouton effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 220 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phases of matter",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Optical phenomena",
"Magneto-optic effects",
"Matter",
"Liquids"
] |
11,184,994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara%20Mednick | Sara C. Mednick is a sleep researcher at the University of California, Irvine. Her research focuses on the relationship between napping and performance. She is the author of several papers and a mass market book, Take a Nap! Change Your Life. She graduated with her PhD in psychology from Harvard University studying u... | Sara Mednick | [
"Biology"
] | 476 | [
"Sleep researchers",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
11,185,249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic-polar%20protein%20folding%20model | The hydrophobic-polar protein folding model is a highly simplified model for examining protein folds in space. First proposed by Ken Dill in 1985, it is the most known type of lattice protein: it stems from the observation that hydrophobic interactions between amino acid residues are the driving force for proteins fold... | Hydrophobic-polar protein folding model | [
"Chemistry"
] | 387 | [
"Protein structure",
"Structural biology"
] |
13,739,906 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence | Immunosenescence is the gradual deterioration of the immune system, brought on by natural age advancement. A 2020 review concluded that the adaptive immune system is affected more than the innate immune system. Immunosenescence involves both the host's capacity to respond to infections and the development of long-term ... | Immunosenescence | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,783 | [
"Senescence",
"Immunology",
"Ageing processes",
"Cellular processes",
"Metabolism"
] |
13,743,194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonylation | In chemistry, carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide (CO) into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. The term carbonylation also refers to oxidation of protein side chains... | Carbonylation | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,087 | [
"nan"
] |
13,751,165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent%20diffraction%20imaging | Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a "lensless" technique for 2D or 3D reconstruction of the image of nanoscale structures such as nanotubes, nanocrystals, porous nanocrystalline layers, defects, potentially proteins, and more. A comprehensive review titled Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging... | Coherent diffraction imaging | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,665 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"Diffraction",
"Crystallography",
"Microscopes",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Nanotechnology",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
638,425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth%20gauge | A depth gauge is an instrument for measuring depth below a vertical reference surface. They include depth gauges for underwater diving and similar applications.
A diving depth gauge is a pressure gauge that displays the equivalent depth below the free surface in water. The relationship between depth and pressure is lin... | Depth gauge | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,185 | [
"Vertical position",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance",
"Measuring instruments",
"Pressure gauges"
] |
638,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In discrete mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of arc... | Vertex (graph theory) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 884 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theory objects",
"Graph theory"
] |
638,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOLPRO | MOLPRO is a software package used for accurate ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. It is developed by Peter Knowles at Cardiff University and Hans-Joachim Werner at Universität Stuttgart in collaboration with other authors.
The emphasis in the program is on highly accurate computations, with extensive treatment ... | MOLPRO | [
"Chemistry"
] | 542 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software"
] |
639,706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swampland%20%28physics%29 | In physics, the term swampland refers to effective low-energy physical theories which are not compatible with quantum gravity. This is in contrast with the so-called "string theory landscape" that are known to be compatible with string theory, which is hypothesized to be a consistent quantum theory of gravity. In other... | Swampland (physics) | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 2,271 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Quantum gravity",
"String theory",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model"
] |
639,767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmdel%20Horn%20Antenna | The Holmdel Horn Antenna is a large microwave horn antenna that was used as a satellite communication antenna and radio telescope during the 1960s at the Bell Telephone Laboratories facility located on Crawford Hill in Holmdel Township, New Jersey, United States. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989 b... | Holmdel Horn Antenna | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,598 | [
"Astrophysics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
639,790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20of%20cosmic%20microwave%20background%20radiation | The discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation constitutes a major development in modern physical cosmology. In 1964, US physicist Arno Allan Penzias and radio-astronomer Robert Woodrow Wilson discovered the cosmic microwave background (CMB), estimating its temperature as 3.5 K, as they experimented with the Ho... | Discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,167 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Radio astronomy",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
640,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norden%20bombsight | The Norden Mk. XV, known as the Norden M series in U.S. Army service, is a bombsight that was used by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) and the United States Navy during World War II, and the United States Air Force in the Korean and the Vietnam Wars. It was an early tachometric design, which combined optics, a... | Norden bombsight | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 11,011 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Mechanical computers"
] |
640,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxical%20reaction | A paradoxical reaction (or paradoxical effect) is an effect of a chemical substance, such as a medical drug, that is opposite to what would usually be expected. An example of a paradoxical reaction is pain caused by a pain relief medication.
Substances
Amphetamines
Amphetamines are a class of psychoactive drugs that ... | Paradoxical reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,795 | [
"Drug-induced diseases",
"Pharmacology",
"Drug safety",
"Clinical pharmacology"
] |
640,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplysia | Aplysia () is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are a kind of marine gastropod mollusk.
These benthic herbivorous creatures can become rather large compared with most other mollusks. They graze in tidal and subtidal zones of tropical waters, mostly in the Indo-Pacific ... | Aplysia | [
"Biology"
] | 4,310 | [
"Model organisms",
"Animal models"
] |
640,714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hales%E2%80%93Jewett%20theorem | In mathematics, the Hales–Jewett theorem is a fundamental combinatorial result of Ramsey theory named after Alfred W. Hales and Robert I. Jewett, concerning the degree to which high-dimensional objects must necessarily exhibit some combinatorial structure.
An informal geometric statement of the theorem is that for any... | Hales–Jewett theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,219 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in discrete mathematics",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical problems",
"Ramsey theory"
] |
641,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20A.%20Yorke | James A. Yorke (born August 3, 1941) is a Distinguished University Research Professor of Mathematics and Physics and former chair of the Mathematics Department at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Life and career
Born in Plainfield, New Jersey, United States, Yorke attended The Pingry School, then located in ... | James A. Yorke | [
"Physics"
] | 808 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists"
] |
641,565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic%20accumulator | A hydraulic accumulator is a pressure storage reservoir in which an incompressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure that is applied by an external source of mechanical energy. The external source can be an engine, a spring, a raised weight, or a compressed gas. An accumulator enables a hydraulic system to cope wi... | Hydraulic accumulator | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,300 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Hydraulic machinery",
"Piping",
"Hydraulic accumulators",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,313,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde%203-phosphate%20dehydrogenase | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated GAPDH) () is an enzyme of about 37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules. In addition to this long established metabolic function, GAPDH has recently been implicated in several non-metabo... | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,068 | [
"Carbohydrate metabolism",
"Glycolysis"
] |
4,318,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20point | The function point is a "unit of measurement" to express the amount of business functionality an information system (as a product) provides to a user. Function points are used to compute a functional size measurement (FSM) of software. The cost (in dollars or hours) of a single unit is calculated from past projects.
S... | Function point | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,223 | [
"Software engineering",
"Quantity",
"Metrics",
"Software metrics"
] |
4,319,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20reflection | Quantum reflection is a uniquely quantum phenomenon in which an object, such as a neutron or a small molecule, reflects smoothly and in a wavelike fashion from a much larger surface, such as a pool of mercury. A classically behaving neutron or molecule will strike the same surface much like a thrown ball, hitting only ... | Quantum reflection | [
"Physics"
] | 2,172 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
4,319,802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20isothiocyanate | Methyl isothiocyanate is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH3N=C=S. This low melting colorless solid is a powerful lachrymator. As a precursor to a variety of valuable bioactive compounds, it is the most important organic isothiocyanate in industry.
Synthesis
It is prepared industrially by two routes. Ann... | Methyl isothiocyanate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 413 | [
"Isothiocyanates",
"Lachrymatory agents",
"Functional groups",
"Chemical weapons"
] |
9,715,483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectionwise%20normal%20space | In mathematics, a topological space is called collectionwise normal if for every discrete family Fi (i ∈ I) of closed subsets of there exists a pairwise disjoint family of open sets Ui (i ∈ I), such that Fi ⊆ Ui. Here a family of subsets of is called discrete when every point of has a neighbourhood that intersect... | Collectionwise normal space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 580 | [
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
9,715,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Primakoff | Henry Primakoff (; February 12, 1914 – July 25, 1983) was an American theoretical physicist who is famous for his discovery of the Primakoff effect.
Primakoff contributed to the understanding of weak interactions, double beta decay, spin waves in ferromagnetism, and the interaction between neutrinos and the atomic nuc... | Henry Primakoff | [
"Physics"
] | 471 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theoretical physicists"
] |
9,716,092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeine | Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combine... | Codeine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,434 | [
"Chemical ecology",
"Secondary metabolites",
"Prodrugs",
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Metabolism"
] |
9,717,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymol%20blue | Thymol blue (thymolsulfonephthalein) is a brownish-green or reddish-brown crystalline powder that is used as a pH indicator. It is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and dilute alkali solutions.
It transitions from red to yellow at pH 1.2–2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0–9.6. It is usually a component o... | Thymol blue | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 238 | [
"Titration",
"PH indicators",
"Chromism",
"Chemical tests",
"Equilibrium chemistry"
] |
9,717,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myomesin | Myomesin is a protein family found in the M-line of the sarcomere structure. Myomesin has various forms throughout the body in striated muscles with specialized functions. This includes both slow and fast muscle fibers. Myomesin are made of 13 domains including a unique N-terminal followed by two immunoglobulin-like (I... | Myomesin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,344 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
9,718,351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20state%20space | In physics, a quantum state space is an abstract space in which different "positions" represent not literal locations, but rather quantum states of some physical system. It is the quantum analog of the phase space of classical mechanics.
Relative to Hilbert space
In quantum mechanics a state space is a separable comp... | Quantum state space | [
"Physics"
] | 646 | [
"Hilbert spaces",
"Quantum mechanics",
"nan"
] |
9,718,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilenberg%27s%20inequality | Eilenberg's inequality, also known as the coarea inequality is a mathematical inequality for Lipschitz-continuous functions between metric spaces. Informally, it gives an upper bound on the average size of the fibers of a Lipschitz map in terms of the Lipschitz constant of the function and the measure of the domain.
T... | Eilenberg's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 452 | [
"Binary relations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
9,719,512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnesen%27s%20inequality | Bonnesen's inequality is an inequality relating the length, the area, the radius of the incircle and the radius of the circumcircle of a Jordan curve. It is a strengthening of the classical isoperimetric inequality.
More precisely, consider a planar simple closed curve of length bounding a domain of area . Let and ... | Bonnesen's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 149 | [
"Geometric inequalities",
"Geometry",
"Geometry stubs",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
9,721,524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunningham%20correction%20factor | In fluid dynamics, the Cunningham correction factor, or Cunningham slip correction factor (denoted ), is used to account for non-continuum effects when calculating the drag on small particles. The derivation of Stokes' law, which is used to calculate the drag force on small particles, assumes a no-slip condition which ... | Cunningham correction factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 243 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Colloids",
"Aerosols",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics stubs",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
9,722,260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20substance | A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Chemical substances may take the form of a single element or chemical compounds. If two or more chemical substances can be combined without reacting, they may form a chemical mixture. If a mixture is separa... | Chemical substance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 3,286 | [
"Artificial materials",
"Materials",
"nan",
"Chemical substances",
"Matter"
] |
9,724,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Sensor%20Ultraviolet%20Limb%20Imager | The Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) is an imaging spectrometer that is used to observe the earth's ionosphere and thermosphere. These sensors provide vertical intensity profiles of airglow emissions in the extreme ultraviolet and far ultraviolet spectral range of 800 to 1700 Angstrom (80 to 170 nanometre... | Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 772 | [
"Spectrometers",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
9,724,850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny%20Ionospheric%20Photometer | The tiny ionospheric photometer (TIP) is a small space-based photometer that observes the Earth's ionosphere at 135.6 nm. The TIP instruments were designed and built by the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and are a part of the COSMIC program.
Operation
Although each TIP instrument is fairly simple in design and ope... | Tiny Ionospheric Photometer | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 167 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma physics",
"Electromagnetic radiation meters",
"Spacecraft stubs",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Astrophysics",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Measuring instruments",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Electromagnetism stubs"
] |
1,074,990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clebsch%E2%80%93Gordan%20coefficients | In physics, the Clebsch–Gordan (CG) coefficients are numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling in quantum mechanics. They appear as the expansion coefficients of total angular momentum eigenstates in an uncoupled tensor product basis. In more mathematical terms, the CG coefficients are used in representation the... | Clebsch–Gordan coefficients | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,574 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical physics",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
1,074,997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb%20shift | In physics, the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb, is an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom. The difference was not predicted by theory and it cannot be derived from the Dirac equation, which predicts identical energies. Hence the Lamb shift is a deviation from theory seen... | Lamb shift | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,389 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Physical properties"
] |
1,075,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster%20decomposition | In physics, the cluster decomposition property states that experiments carried out far from each other cannot influence each other. Usually applied to quantum field theory, it requires that vacuum expectation values of operators localized in bounded regions factorize whenever these regions becomes sufficiently distant ... | Cluster decomposition | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 990 | [
"Theorems in quantum mechanics",
"Quantum field theory",
"Equations of physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Physics theorems"
] |
1,075,071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptome | The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs, or just mRNA, depending on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau of the words transcript and genome; it ... | Transcriptome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,476 | [
"Gene expression",
"Bioinformatics",
"Omics",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
1,075,211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolome | The metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample. The biological sample can be a cell, a cellular organelle, an organ, a tissue, a tissue extract, a biofluid or an entire organism. The small molecule chemicals found in a given metabolome may include both endogenous... | Metabolome | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,103 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Bioinformatics",
"Cellular processes",
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Systems biology"
] |
1,075,379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitali%E2%80%93Hahn%E2%80%93Saks%20theorem | In mathematics, the Vitali–Hahn–Saks theorem, introduced by , , and , proves that under some conditions a sequence of measures converging point-wise does so uniformly and the limit is also a measure.
Statement of the theorem
If is a measure space with and a sequence of complex measures. Assuming that each is abs... | Vitali–Hahn–Saks theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 434 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in measure theory"
] |
1,075,892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20mechanics | Wave mechanics may refer to:
the mechanics of waves
the application of the quantum wave equation, especially in position and momentum spaces
the resonant interaction of three or more waves, which includes the "three-wave equation"
See also
Quantum mechanics
Wave equation
Quantum state
Matter wave
Further rea... | Wave mechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 79 | [
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics"
] |
1,076,110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20sequencing | Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This may serve to identify the protein or characterize its post-translational modifications. Typically, partial sequencing of a protein provides sufficient information (one or more sequence tags) t... | Protein sequencing | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,589 | [
"Proteomic sequencing",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Cell biology"
] |
1,076,205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price%20equation | In the theory of evolution and natural selection, the Price equation (also known as Price's equation or Price's theorem) describes how a trait or allele changes in frequency over time. The equation uses a covariance between a trait and fitness, to give a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection. It p... | Price equation | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,968 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
1,076,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Road%20to%20Reality | The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe is a book on modern physics by the British mathematical physicist Roger Penrose, published in 2004. It covers the basics of the Standard Model of particle physics, discussing general relativity and quantum mechanics, and discusses the possible unificatio... | The Road to Reality | [
"Physics"
] | 592 | [
"Quantum mind",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
1,077,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20quantum%20number | In physics and chemistry, the spin quantum number is a quantum number (designated ) that describes the intrinsic angular momentum (or spin angular momentum, or simply spin) of an electron or other particle. It has the same value for all particles of the same type, such as = for all electrons. It is an integer for all... | Spin quantum number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,611 | [
"Quantum chemistry",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum numbers",
"Quantum models",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
" and optical physics",
"Atomic",
"Symmetry",
"Rotational symmetry"
] |
1,077,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutaka%20Taniyama | was a Japanese mathematician known for the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture.
Life
Taniyama was born on 22 November 1927 in Kisai, a town in Saitama. He was the sixth of eight children born to a doctor's family. He studied at Urawa High School (present-day Saitama University) after graduating from Fudouoka Middle School. He... | Yutaka Taniyama | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,106 | [
"Number theorists",
"Number theory"
] |
1,078,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siladium | Siladium is a trademark for a stainless steel alloy used in jewelry, particularly in high school and college class rings.
The trademark was registered in 1973 to John Roberts, Inc., maker of the Artcarved brand of class rings. John Roberts, Inc., and the Siladium trademark were subsequently acquired by CJC Holdings, I... | Siladium | [
"Chemistry"
] | 84 | [
"Alloys",
"Alloy stubs"
] |
1,078,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacophore | In medicinal chemistry and molecular biology, a pharmacophore is an abstract description of molecular features that are necessary for molecular recognition of a ligand by a biological macromolecule. IUPAC defines a pharmacophore to be "an ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optima... | Pharmacophore | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 933 | [
"Computational chemistry",
"Cheminformatics",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"nan"
] |
369,482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition%20reaction | In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct.
An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds. Examples include a molecule with a carbon–carbon double bond (an alkene) or a triple bon... | Addition reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 437 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
370,346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20domain | In mathematics, physics, electronics, control systems engineering, and statistics, the frequency domain refers to the analysis of mathematical functions or signals with respect to frequency (and possibly phase), rather than time, as in time series. Put simply, a time-domain graph shows how a signal changes over time, ... | Frequency domain | [
"Physics"
] | 1,290 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
370,681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20barrier | A separation barrier or separation wall is a barrier, wall or fence, constructed to limit the movement of people across a certain line or border, or to separate peoples or cultures. A separation barrier that runs along an internationally recognized border is known as a border barrier.
David Henley opines in The Guardi... | Separation barrier | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,691 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Separation barriers",
"Types of wall",
"Space",
"Spacetime",
"Borders"
] |
371,462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer%20lines | The Fraunhofer lines are a set of spectral absorption lines. They are dark absorption lines, seen in the optical spectrum of the Sun, and are formed when atoms in the solar atmosphere absorb light being emitted by the solar photosphere. The lines are named after German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, who observed them... | Fraunhofer lines | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Astronomy"
] | 747 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Absorption spectroscopy",
"Astrochemistry",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
"Spectroscopy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
" and optical physics"
] |
371,968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debye%20model | In thermodynamics and solid-state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 to estimate phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid. It treats the vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box in contrast to the Einstein photoelectron model, which treats... | Debye model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 5,380 | [
"Thermodynamic models",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Thermodynamics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
372,198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20preparation%20theorem | In mathematics, the Weierstrass preparation theorem is a tool for dealing with analytic functions of several complex variables, at a given point P. It states that such a function is, up to multiplication by a function not zero at P, a polynomial in one fixed variable z, which is monic, and whose coefficients of lower d... | Weierstrass preparation theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,124 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Several complex variables",
"Theorems in complex analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Commutative algebra"
] |
372,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grothendieck%27s%20Galois%20theory | In mathematics, Grothendieck's Galois theory is an abstract approach to the Galois theory of fields, developed around 1960 to provide a way to study the fundamental group of algebraic topology in the setting of algebraic geometry. It provides, in the classical setting of field theory, an alternative perspective to that... | Grothendieck's Galois theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 572 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical relations",
"Category theory",
"Algebraic geometry"
] |
372,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20engineering | Optical engineering is the field of engineering encompassing the physical phenomena and technologies associated with the generation, transmission, manipulation, detection, and utilization of light. Optical engineers use the science of optics to solve problems and to design and build devices that make light do somethin... | Optical engineering | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 280 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Optics",
" molecular",
"nan",
"Atomic",
" and optical physics"
] |
17,705,066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirimiphos-methyl | Pirimiphos-methyl, marketed as Actellic and Sybol, is a phosphorothioate used as an insecticide. It was originally developed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., now Syngenta, at their Jealott's Hill site and first marketed in 1977, ten years after its discovery.
This is one of several compounds used for vector cont... | Pirimiphos-methyl | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 254 | [
"Biocides",
"Toxicology",
"Pesticides"
] |
17,705,397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procymidone | Procymidone is a pesticide. It is often used for killing unwanted ferns and nettles, and as a dicarboximide fungicide for killing fungi, for example as seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip of lupins, grapes, stone fruit, strawberries. It is a known endocrine disruptor (androgen receptor antagonist) whi... | Procymidone | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 152 | [
"Pesticides",
"Toxicology",
"Endocrine disruptors",
"Functional groups",
"Organic compounds",
"Imides",
"Biocides",
"Organic compound stubs",
"Organic chemistry stubs"
] |
17,710,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering%20diffraction | Engineering diffraction refers to a sub-field of neutron scattering which investigates microstructural features that influence the mechanical properties of materials. These include:
lattice strain, a measure of distortion in crystals
texture, a measure of grain orientations
dislocation density, a measure of the micros... | Engineering diffraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 72 | [
"Scattering stubs",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
3,172,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selectable%20marker | A selectable marker is a gene introduced into cells, especially bacteria or cells in culture, which confers one or more traits suitable for artificial selection. They are a type of reporter gene used in laboratory microbiology, molecular biology, and genetic engineering to indicate the success of a transfection or tran... | Selectable marker | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 916 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biochemistry",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
3,173,180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonochemistry | In chemistry, the study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of ultrasound in forming acoustic cavitation in liquids, resulting in the initiation or enhancement of the chemical activity in the solution. Therefore, the chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction of the ult... | Sonochemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,539 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Piping",
"Theoretical chemistry",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Fluid dynamics",
" and optical physics"
] |
3,173,663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug%20flow%20reactor%20model | The plug flow reactor model (PFR, sometimes called continuous tubular reactor, CTR, or piston flow reactors) is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems of cylindrical geometry. The PFR model is used to predict the behavior of chemical reactors of such design, so that key reactor varia... | Plug flow reactor model | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,826 | [
"Chemical reactors",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Chemical equipment"
] |
3,173,705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packed%20bed | In chemical processing, a packed bed is a hollow tube, pipe, or other vessel that is filled with a packing material. The packed bed can be randomly filled with small objects like Raschig rings or else it can be a specifically designed structured packing. Packed beds may also contain catalyst particles or adsorbents s... | Packed bed | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,026 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Distillation",
"nan",
"Separation processes"
] |
3,175,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorene | Phosphorene is a two-dimensional material consisting of phosphorus. It consists of a single layer of black phosphorus, the most stable allotrope of phosphorus. Phosphorene is analogous to graphene (single layer graphite). Among two-dimensional materials, phosphorene is a competitor to graphene because it has a nonzero ... | Phosphorene | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,408 | [
"Monolayers",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
3,176,865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bredt%27s%20rule | In organic chemistry, an anti-Bredt molecule is a bridged molecule with a double bond at the bridgehead. Bredt's rule is the empirical observation that such molecules only form in large ring systems. For example, two of the following norbornene isomers violate Bredt's rule, and are too unstable to prepare:
The rule ... | Bredt's rule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 708 | [
"Stereochemistry",
"Space",
"nan",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Spacetime"
] |
3,177,013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaper%20Genie | Diaper Genie is a baby diaper disposal system. It consists of a large plastic container with a plastic lid. The system seals diapers individually in a scented film to protect against germs and odors. By opening the lid on the top of the canister, a soiled diaper may be inserted into the "mouth" of the container. After ... | Diaper Genie | [
"Biology"
] | 234 | [
"Diapers",
"Excretion"
] |
3,177,451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate%20variables%20%28thermodynamics%29 | In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is expressed in terms of pairs of conjugate variables such as temperature and entropy, pressure and volume, or chemical potential and particle number. In fact, all thermodynamic potentials are expressed in terms of conjugate pairs. The product of two quantities that ar... | Conjugate variables (thermodynamics) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,720 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical quantities"
] |
3,178,199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethering | Tethering or phone-as-modem (PAM) is the sharing of a mobile device's Internet connection with other connected computers. Connection of a mobile device with other devices can be done over wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), over Bluetooth or by physical connection using a cable, for example through USB.
If tethering is done over WL... | Tethering | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,132 | [
"Mobile telecommunications",
"Wireless networking",
"Net neutrality",
"Computer networks engineering"
] |
14,854,086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune%20%28mathematics%20software%29 | DUNE (Distributed and Unified Numerics Environment) is a modular C++ library for the solution of partial differential equations using grid-based methods.
The DUNE library is divided into modules. In version 2.9 are the core modules
general classes and infrastructure: dune-common,
geometry classes: dune-geometry,
g... | Dune (mathematics software) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 496 | [
"Numerical software",
"Mathematical software"
] |
14,855,633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition%20ring | In mathematics, a composition ring, introduced in , is a commutative ring (R, 0, +, −, ·), possibly without an identity 1 (see non-unital ring), together with an operation
such that, for any three elements one has
It is not generally the case that , nor is it generally the case that (or ) has any algebra... | Composition ring | [
"Mathematics"
] | 692 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Ring theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
14,858,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interposer | An interposer is an electrical interface routing between one socket or connection to another. The purpose of an interposer is to spread a connection to a wider pitch or to reroute a connection to a different connection.
An interposer can be made of either silicon or organic (printed circuit board-like) material.
In... | Interposer | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Computer engineering",
"Integrated circuits"
] |
14,861,214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Interstate%20Low-Level%20Radioactive%20Waste%20Compact | The Central Interstate Low Level Radioactive Waste Compact is made up of the states of Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The compact was established by the "Compact Law" and the "Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments of the 1985."
The Central Interstate Low Level Radioactive Waste Compact and US Ecol... | Central Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 197 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Hazardous waste",
"Radioactive waste"
] |
12,168,753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20coalescing%20operator | The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# since version 2.0, Dart since version 1.12.0, PHP since version 7.0.0, Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, PowerShell since 7.0... | Null coalescing operator | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,709 | [
"Binary operations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Binary relations"
] |
12,169,570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetization%20transfer | Magnetization transfer (MT), in NMR and MRI, refers to the transfer of nuclear spin polarization and/or spin coherence from one population of nuclei to another population of nuclei, and to techniques that make use of these phenomena. There is some ambiguity regarding the precise definition of magnetization transfer, ho... | Magnetization transfer | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,213 | [
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
12,170,265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spark%20ionization | Spark ionization (also known as spark source ionization) is a method used to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample. The prepared solid sample is vaporized and partially ionized by an intermittent discharge or spark. This technique is primarily used in the field of mass spectrometry. When incorporated with a mass ... | Spark ionization | [
"Physics"
] | 1,084 | [
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
12,170,296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaser%20coupling | The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far one of the oldest coupling reactions and is based on copper compounds like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like air. The base used in the original research paper is ammonia and the solvent is water or an alcohol.
The reac... | Glaser coupling | [
"Chemistry"
] | 593 | [
"Coupling reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
12,171,241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation%20vapor%20density | The saturation vapor density (SVD) is the maximum density of water vapor in air at a given temperature. The concept is related to saturation vapor pressure (SVP). It can be used to calculate exact quantity of water vapor in the air from a relative humidity (RH = % local air humidity measured / local total air humidity ... | Saturation vapor density | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 311 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical quantities"
] |
9,023,027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20polynomial | In mathematics, exponential polynomials are functions on fields, rings, or abelian groups that take the form of polynomials in a variable and an exponential function.
Definition
In fields
An exponential polynomial generally has both a variable x and some kind of exponential function E(x). In the complex numbers the... | Exponential polynomial | [
"Mathematics"
] | 618 | [
"Polynomials",
"Algebra"
] |
9,023,486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20principal%20axes | An aircraft in flight is free to rotate in three dimensions: yaw, nose left or right about an axis running up and down; pitch, nose up or down about an axis running from wing to wing; and roll, rotation about an axis running from nose to tail. The axes are alternatively designated as vertical, lateral (or transverse), ... | Aircraft principal axes | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,001 | [
"Attitude control",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Line (geometry)",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
9,023,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Relativity%20%28book%29 | General Relativity is a graduate textbook and reference on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity written by the gravitational physicist Robert Wald.
Overview
First published by the University of Chicago Press in 1984, the book, a tome of almost 500 pages, covers many aspects of the general theory of relativit... | General Relativity (book) | [
"Physics"
] | 1,226 | [
"General relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
9,024,777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20UN%20numbers%201901%20to%202000 | UN numbers from UN1901 to UN2000 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are as follows:
UN 1901 to UN 2000
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified meaning a collective entry to which substances, mixtures, solutions or articles may be assigned if a) they are not mentioned... | List of UN numbers 1901 to 2000 | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 166 | [
"Lists of UN numbers"
] |
9,025,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20UN%20numbers%202201%20to%202300 | UN numbers from UN2201 to UN2300 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are as follows:
UN 2201 to UN 2300
See also
Lists of UN numbers
References
External links
ADR Dangerous Goods, cited on 7 May 2015.
UN Dangerous Goods List from 2015, cited on 7 May 2015.
UN... | List of UN numbers 2201 to 2300 | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 88 | [
"Lists of UN numbers"
] |
9,025,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anytime%20algorithm | In computer science, an anytime algorithm is an algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends. The algorithm is expected to find better and better solutions the longer it keeps running.
Most algorithms run to completion: they provide a single answer after performing s... | Anytime algorithm | [
"Engineering"
] | 889 | [
"Artificial intelligence engineering",
"Software engineering"
] |
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