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id int64 39 79M	url stringlengths 32 168	text stringlengths 7 145k	source stringlengths 2 105	categories listlengths 1 6	token_count int64 3 32.2k	subcategories listlengths 0 27
9,036,004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molindone	Molindone, sold under the brand name Moban, is an antipsychotic medication which is used in the United States in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of molindone include extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia, among others. Molindone is thought to work by blocking the effects of ...	Molindone	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,997	[ "Ketones", "Functional groups" ]
1,078,637	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbrand%E2%80%93Ribet%20theorem	In mathematics, the Herbrand–Ribet theorem is a result on the class group of certain number fields. It is a strengthening of Ernst Kummer's theorem to the effect that the prime p divides the class number of the cyclotomic field of p-th roots of unity if and only if p divides the numerator of the n-th Bernoulli number B...	Herbrand–Ribet theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	751	[ "Theorems in algebraic number theory", "Theorems in number theory" ]
1,078,762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholino	A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression. Its molecular structure contains DNA bases attached to a backbone of methylenemorpholine rings linked thro...	Morpholino	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	3,445	[ "Genetics techniques", "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Gene expression", "Genetic engineering", "Biotechnology", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "nan", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Nucleic acids" ]
1,079,448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20operator	In mathematics and quantum mechanics, a Dirac operator is a differential operator that is a formal square root, or half-iterate, of a second-order operator such as a Laplacian. The original case which concerned Paul Dirac was to factorise formally an operator for Minkowski space, to get a form of quantum theory compati...	Dirac operator	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	935	[ "Mathematical analysis", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Differential operators", "Quantum operators", "Mathematical physics" ]
1,079,466	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rster%20resonance%20energy%20transfer	Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence resonance energy transfer, resonance energy transfer (RET) or electronic energy transfer (EET) is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two light-sensitive molecules (chromophores). A donor chromophore, initially in its electronic excited state, may transf...	Förster resonance energy transfer	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	3,742	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Physical phenomena", "Luminescence", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Fluorescence", "Protein–protein interaction assays", "Cell biology", "Optical phenomena", "Molecular biology techniques", "Biophysics", "nan", "Microscopy", "Biochemistry", "Cell imaging...
1,080,811	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20of%20skiing	The physics of skiing refers to the analysis of the forces acting on a person while skiing. The motion of a skier is determined by the physical principles of the conservation of energy and the frictional forces acting on the body. For example, in downhill skiing, as the skier is accelerated down the hill by the force...	Physics of skiing	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	599	[ "Biomechanics", "Mechanics", "Mechanical engineering" ]
1,081,291	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tao%20of%20Physics	The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism is a 1975 book by physicist Fritjof Capra. A bestseller in the United States, it has been translated into 23 languages. Capra summarized his motivation for writing the book: “Science does not need mysticism and mysticism do...	The Tao of Physics	[ "Physics" ]	2,070	[ "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum mysticism" ]
1,082,550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker%E2%80%93Weber%20theorem	In algebraic number theory, it can be shown that every cyclotomic field is an abelian extension of the rational number field Q, having Galois group of the form . The Kronecker–Weber theorem provides a partial converse: every finite abelian extension of Q is contained within some cyclotomic field. In other words, every ...	Kronecker–Weber theorem	[ "Mathematics" ]	461	[ "Theorems in algebraic number theory", "Theorems in number theory" ]
67,903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaring%20the%20square	Squaring the square is the problem of tiling an integral square using only other integral squares. (An integral square is a square whose sides have integer length.) The name was coined in a humorous analogy with squaring the circle. Squaring the square is an easy task unless additional conditions are set. The most stu...	Squaring the square	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,680	[ "Discrete mathematics", "Tessellation", "Recreational mathematics", "Discrete geometry", "Rectangular subdivisions", "Mathematical problems", "Symmetry" ]
67,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busy%20beaver	In theoretical computer science, the busy beaver game aims to find a terminating program of a given size that (depending on definition) either produces the most output possible, or runs for the longest number of steps. Since an endlessly looping program producing infinite output or running for infinite time is easily c...	Busy beaver	[ "Mathematics" ]	8,093	[ "Computability theory", "Mathematical logic" ]
67,958	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium	Copernicium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Cn and atomic number 112. Its known isotopes are extremely radioactive, and have only been created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 30 seconds. Copernicium was first created in February 1996 by th...	Copernicium	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	4,386	[ "Matter", "Chemical elements", "Synthetic materials", "Synthetic elements", "Nuclear physics", "Atoms", "Radioactivity" ]
68,121	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20space	In topology and related branches of mathematics, a topological space X is a T0 space or Kolmogorov space (named after Andrey Kolmogorov) if for every pair of distinct points of X, at least one of them has a neighborhood not containing the other. In a T0 space, all points are topologically distinguishable. This conditi...	Kolmogorov space	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,342	[ "Properties of topological spaces", "Topological spaces", "Topology", "Space (mathematics)" ]
68,206	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20dogma%20of%20molecular%20biology	The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", although this is not its original meaning. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1957, then published in 1958: He re-stated it in a Nature paper ...	Central dogma of molecular biology	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,463	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology" ]
68,316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20pump	A heat pump is a device that uses energy (usually electricity) to transfer heat from a colder place to a warmer place. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a heat pump and refrigeration cycle, cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. In winter a heat pump can move heat from the cool outd...	Heat pump	[ "Engineering" ]	5,940	[ "Building engineering", "Civil engineering", "Architecture" ]
68,326	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20periodic%20table	An extended periodic table theorizes about chemical elements beyond those currently known and proven. The element with the highest atomic number known is oganesson (Z = 118), which completes the seventh period (row) in the periodic table. All elements in the eighth period and beyond thus remain purely hypothetical. El...	Extended periodic table	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	19,085	[ "Periodic table", "Nuclear physics" ]
68,344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin	Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red bile") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates. This catabolism is a necessary process in the body's clearance of waste products that arise from the destruction of aged or abnormal red blood cells. In the first ste...	Bilirubin	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,364	[ "Chemical pathology", "Cellular processes", "Pigmentation", "Biochemistry", "Biological pigments", "Liver function tests", "Metabolism" ]
68,503	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudometric%20space	In mathematics, a pseudometric space is a generalization of a metric space in which the distance between two distinct points can be zero. Pseudometric spaces were introduced by Đuro Kurepa in 1934. In the same way as every normed space is a metric space, every seminormed space is a pseudometric space. Because of this a...	Pseudometric space	[ "Mathematics" ]	663	[ "Properties of topological spaces", "Topological spaces", "Topology", "Space (mathematics)" ]
68,513	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20science	Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. Some related practical applications are...	Surface science	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,022	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Surface science", "Condensed matter physics", "nan", "Physical chemistry" ]
68,518	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemisorption	Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate. New chemical bonds are generated at the adsorbent surface. Examples include macroscopic phenomena that can be very obvious, like corrosion, and subtler effects associated with heterogeneous catalysis, where...	Chemisorption	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,315	[ "Catalysis", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "nan", "Chemical kinetics", "Physical chemistry" ]
68,520	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physisorption	Physisorption, also called physical adsorption, is a process in which the electronic structure of the atom or molecule is barely perturbed upon adsorption. Overview The fundamental interacting force of physisorption is Van der Waals force. Even though the interaction energy is very weak (~10–100 meV), physisorption p...	Physisorption	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	2,064	[ "Condensed matter physics", "Surface science" ]
68,946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%20approximation	In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best-known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons in a molecule can be treated separately, based on the fact that the nuclei are...	Born–Oppenheimer approximation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	3,227	[ "Quantum chemistry", "Quantum mechanics", "Theoretical chemistry", "Mathematical relations", " molecular", "Atomic", "Approximations", " and optical physics" ]
69,720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal%20tract	The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Food taken...	Gastrointestinal tract	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	6,068	[ "Digestive system", "Pharmacology", "Endocrine system", "Routes of administration", "Organ systems" ]
69,817	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic%20engineering	Forensic engineering has been defined as "the investigation of failures—ranging from serviceability to catastrophic—which may lead to legal activity, including both civil and criminal". The forensic engineering field is very broad in terms of the many disciplines that it covers, investigations that use forensic enginee...	Forensic engineering	[ "Physics", "Materials_science", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,879	[ "Systems engineering", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Reliability engineering", "Technological failures", "Materials science", "Engineering failures", "Civil engineering", "nan" ]
187,344	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil%20drop%20experiment	The oil drop experiment was performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron). The experiment took place in the Ryerson Physical Laboratory at the University of Chicago. Millikan received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923. The experiment...	Oil drop experiment	[ "Physics" ]	2,404	[ "Quantum mechanics", "Foundational quantum physics", "Experimental physics", "Physics experiments" ]
187,360	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20susceptibility	In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (; denoted , chi) is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) to the applied magnetic field intensity . This allows a simple classification, into two categori...	Magnetic susceptibility	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	2,215	[ "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Quantity", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science", "Condensed matter physics", "Physical properties" ]
187,408	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-adjoint%20operator	In mathematics, a self-adjoint operator on a complex vector space V with inner product is a linear map A (from V to itself) that is its own adjoint. That is, for all ∊ V. If V is finite-dimensional with a given orthonormal basis, this is equivalent to the condition that the matrix of A is a Hermitian matrix, i.e., e...	Self-adjoint operator	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	4,959	[ "Functions and mappings", "Mathematical objects", "Linear operators", "Quantum mechanics", "Mathematical relations", "Hilbert spaces" ]
187,442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20metric	In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of metrics), often the two terms are...	Software metric	[ "Mathematics", "Engineering" ]	817	[ "Software engineering", "Quantity", "Metrics", "Software metrics" ]
187,446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientability	In mathematics, orientability is a property of some topological spaces such as real vector spaces, Euclidean spaces, surfaces, and more generally manifolds that allows a consistent definition of "clockwise" and "anticlockwise". A space is orientable if such a consistent definition exists. In this case, there are two po...	Orientability	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,750	[ "Topology", "Differential topology" ]
187,461	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz%27s%20law	Lenz's law states that the direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes changes in the initial magnetic field. It is named after physicist Heinrich Lenz, who formulated it in 1834. It is a qualitative law th...	Lenz's law	[ "Mathematics" ]	1,172	[ "Electrodynamics", "Dynamical systems" ]
187,584	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrotechnics	Pyrotechnics is the science and craft of creating such things as fireworks, safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts and other fasteners, parts of automotive airbags, as well as gas-pressure blasting in mining, quarrying, and demolition. This trade relies upon self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemica...	Pyrotechnics	[ "Chemistry" ]	2,474	[ "Explosives", "Explosions" ]
187,805	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percolation%20theory	In statistical physics and mathematics, percolation theory describes the behavior of a network when nodes or links are added. This is a geometric type of phase transition, since at a critical fraction of addition the network of small, disconnected clusters merge into significantly larger connected, so-called spanning c...	Percolation theory	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	2,580	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Percolation theory", "Combinatorics", "Statistical mechanics" ]
188,037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen	\|- ! colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" \| ↓ Period \|- ! 2 \| \|- ! 3 \| \|- ! 4 \| \|- ! 5 \| \|- ! 6 \| \|- ! 7 \| \|- \| colspan="2"\| Legend \|} The pnictogens ( or ; from "to choke" and -gen, "generator") are the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the nitrogen group or nitro...	Pnictogen	[ "Chemistry" ]	5,215	[ "Periodic table", "Groups (periodic table)" ]
188,183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactivation	In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein. In the context of receptor signaling, transactivation occurs when one or more receptors activa...	Transactivation	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	487	[ "Biochemistry", "Molecular biology" ]
188,401	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomatic%20system	In mathematics and logic, an axiomatic system is any set of primitive notions and axioms to logically derive theorems. A theory is a consistent, relatively-self-contained body of knowledge which usually contains an axiomatic system and all its derived theorems. An axiomatic system that is completely described is a spec...	Axiomatic system	[ "Mathematics" ]	2,234	[ "Proof theory", "Mathematical logic", "Methods of proof", "Mathematical axioms", "Formal systems" ]
188,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropsia	Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are. Micropsia can be caused by optical factors (such as wearing glasses), by distortion of images in the eye (such as optically, via swelling of the cornea or from changes in the shape of the reti...	Micropsia	[ "Physics" ]	2,837	[ "Optical phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Optical illusions" ]
188,688	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20site	In biology and biochemistry, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate, the binding site, and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate, the catalytic s...	Active site	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,580	[ "Catalysis", "Chemical kinetics", "Biochemistry", "Biochemistry terminology" ]
188,932	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabi%E2%80%93Yau%20manifold	In algebraic and differential geometry, a Calabi–Yau manifold, also known as a Calabi–Yau space, is a particular type of manifold which has certain properties, such as Ricci flatness, yielding applications in theoretical physics. Particularly in superstring theory, the extra dimensions of spacetime are sometimes conjec...	Calabi–Yau manifold	[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	2,993	[ "Astronomical hypotheses", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic geometry", "String theory", "Mathematical physics" ]
188,935	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein%20statistics	In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states at thermodynamic equilibrium. The aggregation of particles in the same state, which is a characteristic of...	Bose–Einstein statistics	[ "Physics" ]	4,052	[ "Quantum field theory", "Statistical mechanics", "Quantum mechanics", "nan" ]
189,331	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20indeterminacy	Quantum indeterminacy is the apparent necessary incompleteness in the description of a physical system, that has become one of the characteristics of the standard description of quantum physics. Prior to quantum physics, it was thought that Quantum indeterminacy can be quantitatively characterized by a probability dis...	Quantum indeterminacy	[ "Physics" ]	2,562	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics" ]
189,699	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20sprinkler%20system	A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, to which fire sprinklers are connected. Although initially used only in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small b...	Fire sprinkler system	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering" ]	5,283	[ "Building engineering", "Chemical engineering", "Plumbing", "Physical systems", "Construction", "Hydraulics", "Mechanical engineering", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
642,330	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian%20dynamics	In physics, Newtonian dynamics (also known as Newtonian mechanics) is the study of the dynamics of a particle or a small body according to Newton's laws of motion. Mathematical generalizations Typically, the Newtonian dynamics occurs in a three-dimensional Euclidean space, which is flat. However, in mathematics Newton...	Newtonian dynamics	[ "Physics" ]	1,197	[ "Mechanics", "Classical mechanics" ]
642,886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20well	A quantum well is a potential well with only discrete energy values. The classic model used to demonstrate a quantum well is to confine particles, which were initially free to move in three dimensions, to two dimensions, by forcing them to occupy a planar region. The effects of quantum confinement take place when the ...	Quantum well	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	5,565	[ "Quantum electronics", "Quantum mechanics", "Quantum mechanical potentials", "Condensed matter physics", "Nanotechnology" ]
642,896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoacoustics	Thermoacoustics is the interaction between temperature, density and pressure variations of acoustic waves. Thermoacoustic heat engines can readily be driven using solar energy or waste heat and they can be controlled using proportional control. They can use heat available at low temperatures which makes it ideal for he...	Thermoacoustics	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	3,557	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Heat transfer", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics", "Thermodynamics" ]
642,903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomask	A photomask (also simply called a mask) is an opaque plate with transparent areas that allow light to shine through in a defined pattern. Photomasks are commonly used in photolithography for the production of integrated circuits (ICs or "chips") to produce a pattern on a thin wafer of material (usually silicon). In sem...	Photomask	[ "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	2,345	[ "Nanotechnology", "Semiconductor fabrication equipment", "Microtechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
642,936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion%20lithography	Immersion lithography is a technique used in semiconductor manufacturing to enhance the resolution and accuracy of the lithographic process. It involves using a liquid medium, typically water, between the lens and the wafer during exposure. By using a liquid with a higher refractive index than air, immersion lithograph...	Immersion lithography	[ "Materials_science" ]	967	[ "Nanotechnology", "Microtechnology", "Lithography (microfabrication)" ]
643,021	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonstandard%20calculus	In mathematics, nonstandard calculus is the modern application of infinitesimals, in the sense of nonstandard analysis, to infinitesimal calculus. It provides a rigorous justification for some arguments in calculus that were previously considered merely heuristic. Non-rigorous calculations with infinitesimals were wid...	Nonstandard calculus	[ "Mathematics" ]	3,959	[ "Calculus", "Mathematical objects", "Infinity", "Nonstandard analysis", "Mathematics of infinitesimals", "Model theory" ]
643,036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input%20impedance	In electrical engineering, the input impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current (impedance), both static (resistance) and dynamic (reactance), into a load network or circuit that is external to the electrical source network. The input admittance (the reciprocal of impedance) is a mea...	Input impedance	[ "Engineering" ]	1,639	[ "Electronic engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering", "Audio amplifier specifications", "Electrical parameters" ]
643,070	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output%20impedance	In electrical engineering, the output impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow (impedance), both static (resistance) and dynamic (reactance), into the load network being connected that is internal to the electrical source. The output impedance is a measure of the source's prop...	Output impedance	[ "Engineering" ]	1,091	[ "Electronic engineering", "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering", "Audio amplifier specifications", "Electrical parameters" ]
643,769	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20tunnelling	In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or s...	Quantum tunnelling	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	5,004	[ "Theoretical physics", "Quantum mechanics", "Electronic engineering", "Condensed matter physics", "Particle physics", "Solid state engineering" ]
644,002	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alnico	Alnico is a family of iron alloys which, in addition to iron are composed primarily of aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co), hence the acronym al-ni-co. They also include copper, and sometimes titanium. Alnico alloys are ferromagnetic, and are used to make permanent magnets. Before the development of rare-eart...	Alnico	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	1,375	[ "Nickel alloys", "Ferrous alloys", "Ferromagnetic materials", "Electric and magnetic fields in matter", "Materials science", "Aluminium alloys", "Magnetic alloys", "Materials", "Alloys", "Matter" ]
644,443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT%20correspondence	In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence (frequently abbreviated as AdS/CFT) is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories. On one side are anti-de Sitter spaces (AdS) that are used in theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-t...	AdS/CFT correspondence	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	5,764	[ "Astronomical hypotheses", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Quantum gravity", "String theory", "Physics beyond the Standard Model" ]
644,550	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs%20mechanism	In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other being fermions) would be considered massless, but measurements show that the W+...	Higgs mechanism	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Mathematics" ]	6,117	[ "Standard Model", "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Quantum field theory", "Symmetry", "Critical phenomena", "Quantum mechanics", "Phases of matter", "Electroweak theory", "Particle physics", "Fundamental interactions", "Geometry", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
644,671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror%20symmetry%20%28string%20theory%29	In algebraic geometry and theoretical physics, mirror symmetry is a relationship between geometric objects called Calabi–Yau manifolds. The term refers to a situation where two Calabi–Yau manifolds look very different geometrically but are nevertheless equivalent when employed as extra dimensions of string theory. Ear...	Mirror symmetry (string theory)	[ "Physics", "Astronomy", "Mathematics" ]	4,848	[ "Astronomical hypotheses", "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Fields of abstract algebra", "Algebraic geometry", "String theory", "Mathematical physics" ]
644,814	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20manifold	In differential geometry and mathematical physics, an Einstein manifold is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric. They are named after Albert Einstein because this condition is equivalent to saying that the metric is a solution of the vacuum Einstein ...	Einstein manifold	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,064	[ "Applied mathematics", "Theoretical physics", "Space (mathematics)", "Riemannian manifolds", "Metric spaces", "Mathematical physics" ]
645,335	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20equation	The diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation. In physics, it describes the macroscopic behavior of many micro-particles in Brownian motion, resulting from the random movements and collisions of the particles (see Fick's laws of diffusion). In mathematics, it is related to Markov processes, such ...	Diffusion equation	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	1,526	[ "Transport phenomena", "Physical phenomena", "Diffusion", "Functions of space and time", "Spacetime" ]
645,792	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronology%20protection%20conjecture	The chronology protection conjecture is a hypothesis first proposed by Stephen Hawking that laws of physics beyond those of standard general relativity prevent time travel—even when the latter theory states that it should be possible (such as in scenarios where faster than light travel is allowed). The permissibility ...	Chronology protection conjecture	[ "Physics", "Mathematics" ]	1,540	[ "Time in physics", "Physical phenomena", "Unsolved problems in mathematics", "Physical quantities", "Time", "Time travel", "Conjectures", "Spacetime", "Mathematical problems" ]
14,878,404	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTA3	Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA3 gene. MTA3 protein localizes in the nucleus as well as in other cellular compartments MTA3 is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylate (NuRD) complex and participates in gene expression. The expression pattern of MTA3 ...	MTA3	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,053	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,878,536	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRDM16	PR domain containing 16, also known as PRDM16, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PRDM16 gene. PRDM16 acts as a transcription coregulator that controls the development of brown adipocytes in brown adipose tissue. Previously, this coregulator was believed to be present only in brown adipose tissue, but mo...	PRDM16	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	1,038	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,878,691	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDM5C	Lysine-specific demethylase 5C is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5C gene. KDM5C belongs to the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase superfamily. Function This gene is a member of the SMCY homolog family and encodes a protein with one ARID domain, one JmjC domain, one JmjN domain and two PHD-type ...	KDM5C	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	197	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,879,054	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBFA2T2	Protein CBFA2T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CBFA2T2 gene. Function In acute myeloid leukemia, especially in the M2 subtype, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is one of the most frequent karyotypic abnormalities. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5'-region of the RUNX1 (AML1...	CBFA2T2	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	228	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,879,214	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNF14	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNF14 gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING zinc finger, a motif known to be involved in protein-protein interactions. This protein interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and may function as a coactivator that in...	RNF14	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	256	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
14,880,032	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRTC2	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CRTC2 gene. Function CRTC2, initially called TORC2, is a transcriptional coactivator for the transcription factor CREB and a central regulator of gluconeogenic gene expression in response to cAMP. CRTC2 i...	CRTC2	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	143	[ "Gene expression", "Molecular genetics", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry" ]
14,880,151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHF3	PHD finger protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHF3 gene. References Further reading External links Transcription factors	PHF3	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	28	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,880,271	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRLF1	Glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRLF1 gene. Function The human glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding factor, which associates with the promoter region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (hGR gene), is a repressor of glucocorticoid receptor transcription. The ...	GRLF1	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	214	[ "Induced stem cells", "Gene expression", "Transcription factors", "Signal transduction" ]
14,880,488	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSRR	Insulin receptor-related protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSRR gene. References Further reading Tyrosine kinase receptors	INSRR	[ "Chemistry" ]	29	[ "Tyrosine kinase receptors", "Signal transduction" ]
17,724,517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20isothermal%20sphere%20profile	The singular isothermal sphere (SIS) profile is the simplest parameterization of the spatial distribution of matter in an astronomical system (e.g. galaxies, clusters of galaxies, etc.). Density distribution where σV2 is the velocity dispersion and G is the gravitational constant. The SIS profile is unphysical becaus...	Singular isothermal sphere profile	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	141	[ "Concepts in astronomy", "Equations of astronomy" ]
17,728,011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine%E2%80%93Matthews%E2%80%93Morley%20hypothesis	The Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis, also known as the Morley–Vine–Matthews hypothesis, was the first key scientific test of the seafloor spreading theory of continental drift and plate tectonics. Its key impact was that it allowed the rates of plate motions at mid-ocean ridges to be computed. It states that the Earth'...	Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis	[ "Physics" ]	1,273	[ "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Geophysics" ]
17,728,993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent%20viscosity	In fluid mechanics, apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted ) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate: For a Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity is constant, and equal to the Newtonian viscosity of the fluid, but for non-Newtonian fluids, the apparent viscosity depends on the shear rate. Ap...	Apparent viscosity	[ "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	385	[ "Tribology", "Chemical engineering", "Petroleum engineering", "Materials science", "Surface science", "Energy engineering", "Mechanical engineering", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
17,729,026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-free%20protein%20synthesis	Cell-free protein synthesis, also known as in vitro protein synthesis or CFPS, is the production of protein using biological machinery in a cell-free system, that is, without the use of living cells. The in vitro protein synthesis environment is not constrained by a cell wall or homeostasis conditions necessary to main...	Cell-free protein synthesis	[ "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Biology" ]	1,433	[ "Synthetic biology", "Protein biosynthesis", "Biological engineering", "Cell biology", "Gene expression", "Bioinformatics", "Molecular genetics", "Biosynthesis" ]
17,731,917	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricritical%20point	A tricritical point is a point where a second order phase transition curve meets a first order phase transition curve. The notion was first introduced by Lev Landau in 1937, who referred to the tricritical point as the critical point of the continuous transition. The first example of a tricritical point was shown by Ro...	Tricritical point	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Mathematics" ]	565	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Materials science stubs", "Condensed matter stubs", "Critical phenomena", "Phases of matter", "Condensed matter physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter", "Dynamical systems" ]
17,734,187	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamberland%20filter	A Chamberland filter, also known as a Pasteur–Chamberland filter, is a porcelain water filter invented by Charles Chamberland in 1884. It was developed after Henry Doulton's ceramic water filter of 1827. It is similar to the Berkefeld filter in principle. Design The filter consists of a permeable unglazed porcelain ...	Chamberland filter	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	488	[ "Water treatment", "Water filters", "Filters", "Microbiology equipment" ]
1,649,731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman%20spiral	The Ekman spiral is an arrangement of ocean currents: the directions of horizontal current appear to twist as the depth changes. The oceanic wind driven Ekman spiral is the result of a force balance created by a shear stress force, Coriolis force and the water drag. This force balance gives a resulting current of the w...	Ekman spiral	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Engineering", "Environmental_science" ]	1,140	[ "Hydrology", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Oceanography", "Chemical engineering", "Piping", "Fluid dynamics" ]
1,649,775	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20replication	Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral replication can occur. Through the generation of abundant copies of its genome and packaging these copies, the virus continues infecting new hosts. Replica...	Viral replication	[ "Biology" ]	2,859	[ "Viruses", "Viral life cycle", "Tree of life (biology)", "Microorganisms" ]
1,649,909	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadband	A deadband or dead-band (also known as a dead zone or a neutral zone) is a band of input values in the domain of a transfer function in a control system or signal processing system where the output is zero (the output is 'dead' - no action occurs). Deadband regions can be used in control systems such as servoamplifier...	Deadband	[ "Mathematics" ]	613	[ "Applied mathematics", "Control theory", "Dynamical systems" ]
1,650,174	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower%20testing%20station	A tower testing station is a special plant for testing various design for towers for transmission lines and similar uses. A tower testing station consists of two steel stands and one or more foundations, on which a sample of the tower can be built. The number of test conditions is normally limited to between six and ei...	Tower testing station	[ "Engineering" ]	490	[ "Structural engineering", "Towers" ]
1,650,455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanoluminescence	Luminescence Materials science Galvanoluminescence is the emission of light produced by the passage of an electric current through an appropriate electrolyte in which an electrode, made of certain metals such as aluminium or tantalum, has been immersed. An example being the electrolysis of sodium bromide (NaBr). Refer...	Galvanoluminescence	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science", "Engineering" ]	70	[ " and optical physics stubs", "Luminescence", "Materials science stubs", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Molecular physics", "Materials science", " molecular", "nan", "Atomic", "Physical chemistry stubs", " and optical physics" ]
1,651,916	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation%20function%20%28statistical%20mechanics%29	In statistical mechanics, the correlation function is a measure of the order in a system, as characterized by a mathematical correlation function. Correlation functions describe how microscopic variables, such as spin and density, at different positions are related. More specifically, correlation functions measure quan...	Correlation function (statistical mechanics)	[ "Physics" ]	2,913	[ "Statistical mechanics" ]
1,651,963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical%20cybernetics	Biomedical cybernetics investigates signal processing, decision making and control structures in living organisms. Applications of this research field are in biology, ecology and health sciences. Fields Biological cybernetics Medical cybernetics Methods Connectionism Decision theory Information theory Systeomic...	Biomedical cybernetics	[ "Engineering", "Biology" ]	114	[ "Biological engineering", "Bioengineering stubs", "Biotechnology stubs", "Medical technology stubs", "Medical technology" ]
1,651,967	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinskii%E2%80%93Kosterlitz%E2%80%93Thouless%20transition	The Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transition is a phase transition of the two-dimensional (2-D) XY model in statistical physics. It is a transition from bound vortex-antivortex pairs at low temperatures to unpaired vortices and anti-vortices at some critical temperature. The transition is named for condensed ma...	Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Materials_science" ]	1,657	[ "Physical phenomena", "Phase transitions", "Phases of matter", "Critical phenomena", "Lattice models", "Computational physics", "Condensed matter physics", "Statistical mechanics", "Matter" ]
1,652,307	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic%20labeling	Isotopic labeling (or isotopic labelling) is a technique used to track the passage of an isotope (an atom with a detectable variation in neutron count) through chemical reaction, metabolic pathway, or a biological cell. The reactant is 'labeled' by replacing one or more specific atoms with their isotopes. The reactant ...	Isotopic labeling	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	5,359	[ "Biochemistry methods", "Applied and interdisciplinary physics", "Spectrum (physical sciences)", "Molecular physics", "Instrumental analysis", "Mass", "Isotopes", "Spectroscopy", "Mass spectrometry", "nan", "Nuclear physics", "Biochemistry", "Physical chemistry", "Matter" ]
1,652,911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20efficiency	Spectral efficiency, spectrum efficiency or bandwidth efficiency refers to the information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth in a specific communication system. It is a measure of how efficiently a limited frequency spectrum is utilized by the physical layer protocol, and sometimes by the medium acces...	Spectral efficiency	[ "Mathematics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	2,503	[ "Telecommunications engineering", "Applied mathematics", "Wireless networking", "Computer networks engineering", "Computer science", "Information theory" ]
1,653,141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson%20annulation	The Robinson annulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for ring formation. It was discovered by Robert Robinson in 1935 as a method to create a six membered ring by forming three new carbon–carbon bonds. The method uses a ketone and a methyl vinyl ketone to form an α,β-unsaturated ketone in a cyclohex...	Robinson annulation	[ "Chemistry" ]	1,838	[ "Name reactions", "Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions", "Ring forming reactions", "Organic reactions" ]
1,653,453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion%20doubling	In lattice field theory, fermion doubling occurs when naively putting fermionic fields on a lattice, resulting in more fermionic states than expected. For the naively discretized Dirac fermions in Euclidean dimensions, each fermionic field results in identical fermion species, referred to as different tastes of the f...	Fermion doubling	[ "Physics", "Materials_science" ]	2,246	[ "Fermions", "Subatomic particles", "Condensed matter physics", "Matter" ]
1,654,012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauisuchia	"Rauisuchia" is a paraphyletic group of mostly large and carnivorous Triassic archosaurs. Rauisuchians are a category of archosaurs within a larger group called Pseudosuchia, which encompasses all archosaurs more closely related to crocodilians than to birds and other dinosaurs. First named in the 1940s, Rauisuchia was...	Rauisuchia	[ "Biology" ]	2,766	[ "Phylogenetics", "Paraphyletic groups" ]
1,654,410	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daz%20%28detergent%29	Daz is a laundry detergent on the market in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was introduced in February 1953. It is manufactured by Bluesun, Bluesun acquired Daz from Procter & Gamble March 2024 Ariel. Aggressively marketed, it is associated in popular culture with the "Daz Doorstep Challenge" series of commercials, ...	Daz (detergent)	[ "Chemistry" ]	547	[ "Cleaning products", "Products of chemical industry" ]
11,213,645	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxypeptidase%20A	Carboxypeptidase A usually refers to the pancreatic exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C-terminal residues with aromatic or aliphatic side-chains. Most scientists in the field now refer to this enzyme as CPA1, and to a related pancreatic carboxypeptidase as CPA2. Types In addition, there are 4 other mamm...	Carboxypeptidase A	[ "Chemistry", "Biology" ]	2,181	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Cellular processes", "Molecular biology", "Biochemistry", "Proteins", "Metabolism" ]
11,217,018	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-weighting	A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. A-weighting is applied to instrument-measured sound levels in an effort to account for th...	A-weighting	[ "Physics", "Engineering" ]	3,009	[ "Electrical engineering", "Audio engineering", "Classical mechanics", "Acoustics" ]
11,217,534	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background%20extinction%20rate	Background extinction rate, also known as the normal extinction rate, refers to the standard rate of extinction in Earth's geological and biological history, excluding major extinction events, including the current human-induced Holocene extinction. There have been five mass extinction events throughout Earth's history...	Background extinction rate	[ "Physics" ]	987	[ "Temporal quantities", "Temporal rates", "Physical quantities" ]
7,512,554	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miglitol	Miglitol is an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It works by reversibly inhibiting alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine, which delays the digestion of complex carbohydrates and subsequently reduces postprandial glucose levels. Approved for clinical use since 1998, mi...	Miglitol	[ "Chemistry" ]	340	[ "Iminosugars", "Carbohydrates" ]
7,513,144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietic%20agent	Thrombopoietic agents are drugs that induce the growth and maturation of megakaryocytes. Some of them are currently in clinical use: romiplostim, eltrombopag, oprelvekin (a recombinant interleukin 11) and thrombopoietin. Several others are under clinical investigation such as lusutrombopag and avatrombopag. References...	Thrombopoietic agent	[ "Chemistry" ]	96	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacology stubs", "Medicinal chemistry stubs" ]
7,513,712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyback%20chronograph	A flyback chronograph is a watch complication, in which the user can use a reset function without the need to first stop the chronograph, by a single press on an additional pusher at the 4 o'clock mark. In usual chronographs of the time, the user had to push three times for the same operation. First they had to stop th...	Flyback chronograph	[ "Physics", "Technology", "Engineering" ]	744	[ "Machines", "Physical quantities", "Horology", "Time", "Clocks", "Measuring instruments", "Physical systems", "Spacetime" ]
7,513,965	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20down%20time	In organizational management, mean down time (MDT) is the average time that a system is non-operational. This includes all downtime associated with repair, corrective and preventive maintenance, self-imposed downtime, and any logistics or administrative delays. Description The inclusion of delay times distinguishes me...	Mean down time	[ "Technology", "Engineering" ]	487	[ "Systems engineering", "Reliability engineering", "Technological failures", "Engineering failures", "Civil engineering" ]
7,516,542	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoproteasome	An immunoproteasome is a type of proteasome that degrades ubiquitin-labeled proteins found in the cytoplasm in cells exposed to oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In general, proteasomes consist of a regulatory and a catalytic part. Immunoproteasomes are induced by interferon gamma (but also by other proinfl...	Immunoproteasome	[ "Chemistry" ]	977	[ "Biomolecules by chemical classification", "Proteins", "Molecular biology" ]
7,516,709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW%20approximation	The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons. The approximation is that the expansion of the self-energy Σ in terms of the single particle Green's function G and the screened Coulomb interaction W (in units of ) can be truncated after the...	GW approximation	[ "Physics" ]	1,210	[ "Quantum field theory", "Quantum mechanics" ]
7,517,878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotordynamics	Rotordynamics (or rotor dynamics) is a specialized branch of applied mechanics concerned with the behavior and diagnosis of rotating structures. It is commonly used to analyze the behavior of structures ranging from jet engines and steam turbines to auto engines and computer disk storage. At its most basic level, rotor...	Rotordynamics	[ "Physics" ]	1,910	[ "Physical phenomena", "Classical mechanics", "Rotation", "Motion (physics)", "Dynamics (mechanics)" ]
7,519,445	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Following%20sea	A following sea refers to a wave direction that is similar to the heading of a waterborne vessel under way. The word "sea" in this context refers to open water wind waves. In the strict sense, a following sea has a direction of propagation between 15° either side of vessel heading, and has a celerity that does not exc...	Following sea	[ "Physics", "Chemistry" ]	391	[ "Water waves", "Waves", "Physical phenomena", "Fluid dynamics" ]
7,520,255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonic%20black%20hole	A sonic black hole, sometimes called a dumb hole or acoustic black hole, is a phenomenon in which phonons (sound perturbations) are unable to escape from a region of a fluid that is flowing more quickly than the local speed of sound. They are called sonic, or acoustic, black holes because these trapped phonons are anal...	Sonic black hole	[ "Physics", "Chemistry", "Astronomy", "Engineering" ]	827	[ "Black holes", "Physical phenomena", "Physical quantities", "Chemical engineering", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astrophysics", "Density", "Piping", "Stellar phenomena", "Astronomical objects", "Fluid dynamics" ]
7,521,019	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biocomposite	A biocomposite is a composite material formed by a matrix (resin) and a reinforcement of natural fibers. Environmental concern and cost of synthetic fibres have led the foundation of using natural fibre as reinforcement in polymeric composites. The matrix phase is formed by polymers derived from renewable and nonrenew...	Biocomposite	[ "Physics" ]	1,960	[ "Materials", "Composite materials", "Matter" ]
7,521,201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compounding	In the field of pharmacy, compounding (performed in compounding pharmacies) is preparation of custom medications to fit unique needs of patients that cannot be met with mass-produced products. This may be done, for example, to provide medication in a form easier for a given patient to ingest (e.g., liquid vs. tablet), ...	Compounding	[ "Chemistry" ]	3,464	[ "Pharmacology", "Pharmacy" ]
7,521,471	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20black%20hole	An optical black hole is a phenomenon in which slow light is passed through a Bose–Einstein condensate that is itself spinning faster than the local speed of light within to create a vortex capable of trapping the light behind an event horizon just as a gravitational black hole would. Unlike other black hole analogs s...	Optical black hole	[ "Physics", "Astronomy" ]	167	[ "Physical phenomena", "Black holes", "Physical quantities", "Unsolved problems in physics", "Astronomy stubs", "Astrophysics", "Stellar astronomy stubs", "Astrophysics stubs", "Density", "Relativity stubs", "Theory of relativity", "Stellar phenomena", "Astronomical objects" ]

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