id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,342,484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsion%20tensor | In differential geometry, the torsion tensor is a tensor that is associated to any affine connection. The torsion tensor is a bilinear map of two input vectors , that produces an output vector representing the displacement within a tangent space when the tangent space is developed (or "rolled") along an infinitesimal... | Torsion tensor | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,169 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Tensors",
"Physical quantities",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
4,342,970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface. It is a generalization of a plane, but, unlike a plane, it may be curved; this is analogous to a curve generalizing a straight line.
There are several more precise definitions, depending on the context and the mathematical tools tha... | Surface (mathematics) | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,145 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
9,756,354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChIP-on-chip | ChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation ('ChIP') with DNA microarray ("chip"). Like regular ChIP, ChIP-on-chip is used to investigate interactions between proteins and DNA in vivo. Specifically, it allows the identification of the cistrome, the sum of binding s... | ChIP-on-chip | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,078 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Genetics techniques",
"Genomics techniques",
"Biological engineering",
"Microtechnology",
"Microarrays",
"Protein methods",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular biology techniques",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
9,758,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag%20crisis | In fluid dynamics, the drag crisis (also known as the Eiffel paradox) is a phenomenon in which drag coefficient drops off suddenly as Reynolds number increases. This has been well studied for round bodies like spheres and cylinders. The drag coefficient of a sphere will change rapidly from about 0.5 to 0.2 at a Reynold... | Drag crisis | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,128 | [
"Piping",
"Drag (physics)",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
1,082,645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology%20optimization | Topology optimization is a mathematical method that optimizes material layout within a given design space, for a given set of loads, boundary conditions and constraints with the goal of maximizing the performance of the system. Topology optimization is different from shape optimization and sizing optimization in the se... | Topology optimization | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,782 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Construction",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Civil engineering",
"Geometry",
"Mathematical optimization",
"Spacetime"
] |
1,083,721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabibbo%E2%80%93Kobayashi%E2%80%93Maskawa%20matrix | In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, CKM matrix, quark mixing matrix, or KM matrix is a unitary matrix that contains information on the strength of the flavour-changing weak interaction. Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate fr... | Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,354 | [
"Standard Model",
"Physical phenomena",
"Mathematical objects",
"Electroweak theory",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Particle physics"
] |
1,083,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20Doppler%20velocimetry | Laser Doppler velocimetry, also known as laser Doppler anemometry, is the technique of using the Doppler shift in a laser beam to measure the velocity in transparent or semi-transparent fluid flows or the linear or vibratory motion of opaque, reflecting surfaces. The measurement with laser Doppler anemometry is absolut... | Laser Doppler velocimetry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,762 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Quantity",
"Astrophysics",
"Size",
"Measurement",
"Doppler effects"
] |
1,084,219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimetry | Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field. Gravimetry may be used when either the magnitude of a gravitational field or the properties of matter responsible for its creation are of interest. The study of gravity changes belongs to geodynamics.
Units of measurement
Gravity is usually measur... | Gravimetry | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,314 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy"
] |
1,085,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-empirical%20mass%20formula | In nuclear physics, the semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF) (sometimes also called the Weizsäcker formula, Bethe–Weizsäcker formula, or Bethe–Weizsäcker mass formula to distinguish it from the Bethe–Weizsäcker process) is used to approximate the mass of an atomic nucleus from its number of protons and neutrons. As the n... | Semi-empirical mass formula | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,976 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical quantities",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Size",
"Gamma rays",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radiochemistry",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities... |
1,085,417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molisch%27s%20test | Molisch's test is a sensitive chemical test, named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch, for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of a phenol (usually α-naphthol, though other phenols ... | Molisch's test | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 369 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Biochemistry detection methods",
"Chemical tests",
"Carbohydrate chemistry",
"Carbohydrate methods"
] |
1,085,606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervalent%20molecule | In chemistry, a hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells. Phosphorus pentachloride (), sulfur hexafluoride (), chlorine trifluoride (), the chlo... | Hypervalent molecule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,634 | [
"Molecular geometry",
"Molecules",
"Stereochemistry",
"Hypervalent molecules",
"Condensed matter physics",
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Matter"
] |
1,085,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clomifene | Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes. Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovaria... | Clomifene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,418 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
1,086,081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araldite | Araldite is a registered trademark of Huntsman Advanced Materials (previously part of Ciba-Geigy) referring to their range of engineering and structural epoxy, acrylic, and polyurethane adhesives. Swiss manufacturers originally launched Araldite DIY adhesive products in 1946. The first batches of Araldite epoxy resins,... | Araldite | [
"Engineering"
] | 839 | [
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
1,086,083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20absorption%20fine%20structure | X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a specific structure observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By analyzing the XAFS, information can be acquired on the local structure and on the unoccupied local electronic states.
Atomic spectra
The atomic X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of a core-level in an absor... | X-ray absorption fine structure | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,248 | [
"X-ray absorption spectroscopy",
"Materials science",
"Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics"
] |
1,086,718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix-turn-helix | Helix-turn-helix is a DNA-binding domain (DBD). The helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA. Each monomer incorporates two α helices, joined by a short strand of amino acids, that bind to the major groove of DNA. The HTH motif occurs in many proteins that regulate gene expression. It s... | Helix-turn-helix | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 779 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Transcription factors",
"Gene expression",
"Protein classification",
"Signal transduction",
"Protein structural motifs",
"DNA-binding substances",
"Protein domains",
"Protein superfamilies",
"Induced stem cells"
] |
3,185,688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20reactor%20physics | Nuclear reactor physics is the field of physics that studies and deals with the applied study and engineering applications of chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of fission in a nuclear reactor for the production of energy.
Most nuclear reactors use a chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of nuclear fissio... | Nuclear reactor physics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 4,825 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Nuclear technology",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
3,185,844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20cyanoacrylate | Ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA), a cyanoacrylate ester, is an ethyl ester of 2-cyano-acrylic acid. It is a colorless liquid with low viscosity and a faint sweet smell in pure form. It is the main component of cyanoacrylate glues and can be encountered under many trade names. It is soluble in acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, nit... | Ethyl cyanoacrylate | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 417 | [
"Monomers",
"Lachrymatory agents",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Chemical weapons"
] |
3,186,107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race%3A%20The%20Reality%20of%20Human%20Difference | Race: The Reality of Human Differences is an anthropology book, in which authors Vincent M. Sarich, Emeritus Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley, and Frank Miele, senior editor of Skeptic Magazine, argue for the reality of race. The book was published by Basic Books in 2004. It disputes ... | Race: The Reality of Human Difference | [
"Biology"
] | 239 | [
"Biology theories",
"Obsolete biology theories",
"Scientific racism"
] |
3,188,361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobe%20Software | Gobe Software, Inc was a software company founded in 1997 by members of the ClarisWorks development team that developed and published an integrated desktop software suite for BeOS. In later years, it was the distributor of BeOS itself.
History
Gobe was founded in 1997 by members of the ClarisWorks development team a... | Gobe Software | [
"Technology"
] | 621 | [
"BeOS",
"Computing platforms"
] |
3,188,555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20size | Ring size is a measurement used to denote the circumference (or sometimes the diameter) of jewellery rings and smart rings.
Measuring tools
Ring sizes can be measured physically by a paper, plastic, or metal ring sizer (as a gauge) or by measuring the inner diameter of a ring that already fits.
Ring sticks are to... | Ring size | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 892 | [
"Sizes in clothing",
"Quantity",
"Physical quantities",
"Size"
] |
3,190,609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endophysics | The term endophysics (lit. “physics from within”) was coined by the American physicist David Finkelstein in a letter to the German biochemist Otto E. Rössler, who originally came up with the concept. It refers to the study of how observations are affected and limited by the observer being within the universe. This is i... | Endophysics | [
"Physics"
] | 473 | [
"Quantum mind",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
3,191,150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbanum | Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus Ferula, chiefly Ferula gummosa (synonym F. galbaniflua) and Ferula rubricaulis. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft,... | Galbanum | [
"Physics"
] | 1,250 | [
"Resins",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Incense material",
"Materials",
"Amorphous solids",
"Matter"
] |
16,553,854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavity%20quantum%20electrodynamics | Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles, under conditions where the quantum nature of photons is significant. It could in principle be used to construct a quantum computer.
The case of a single 2-level atom ... | Cavity quantum electrodynamics | [
"Physics"
] | 480 | [
"Quantum optics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
16,568,196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubitecan | Rubitecan (INN, marketing name Orathecin) is an oral topoisomerase inhibitor, developed by SuperGen (now Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; a member of the Otsuka Group).
History
On January 27, 2004, SuperGen announced that it has completed the submission of an NDA for rubitecan to the US FDA, and was accepted for filing in... | Rubitecan | [
"Chemistry"
] | 358 | [
"Drug safety",
"Abandoned drugs"
] |
16,568,500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overall%20labor%20effectiveness | Overall labor effectiveness (OLE) is a key performance indicator (KPI) that measures the utilization, performance, and quality of the workforce and its impact on productivity.
Similar to overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), OLE measures availability, performance, and quality.
Availability – the percentage of time e... | Overall labor effectiveness | [
"Engineering"
] | 932 | [
"Lean manufacturing"
] |
16,568,967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landau%E2%80%93Lifshitz%E2%80%93Gilbert%20equation | In physics, the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (usually abbreviated as LLG equation), named for Lev Landau, Evgeny Lifshitz, and T. L. Gilbert, is a name used for a differential equation describing the dynamics (typically the precessional motion) of magnetization in a solid. It is a modified version by Gilbert of th... | Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 777 | [
"Equations of physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Magnetic ordering",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
13,792,019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%27s%20law%20of%20sound%20attenuation | In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity. It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate given by
where is the dynamic viscosity coefficie... | Stokes's law of sound attenuation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 467 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Colloids",
"Acoustics",
"Surface science",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
13,793,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20viscosity | Volume viscosity (also called bulk viscosity, or second viscosity or, dilatational viscosity) is a material property relevant for characterizing fluid flow. Common symbols are or . It has dimensions (mass / (length × time)), and the corresponding SI unit is the pascal-second (Pa·s).
Like other material properties (e.... | Volume viscosity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,344 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"Piping",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Viscosity",
"Physical properties",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
13,793,747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20method%20of%20data%20handling | Group method of data handling (GMDH) is a family of inductive algorithms for computer-based mathematical modeling of multi-parametric datasets that features fully automatic structural and parametric optimization of models.
GMDH is used in such fields as data mining, knowledge discovery, prediction, complex systems mod... | Group method of data handling | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,161 | [
"Computational statistics",
"Computational mathematics"
] |
13,793,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical%20MASINT | Geophysical MASINT is a branch of Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) that involves phenomena transmitted through the earth (ground, water, atmosphere) and manmade structures including emitted or reflected sounds, pressure waves, vibrations, and magnetic field or ionosphere disturbances.
According to the U... | Geophysical MASINT | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 11,180 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Geophysics"
] |
13,793,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penman%E2%80%93Monteith%20equation | The Penman-Monteith equation approximates net evapotranspiration (ET) from meteorological data as a replacement for direct measurement of evapotranspiration. The equation is widely used, and was derived by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for modeling reference evapotranspiration ET0.
Significance ... | Penman–Monteith equation | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,485 | [
"Hydrology",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
13,794,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus-faced%20molecule | A Janus molecule (or Janus-faced molecule) is a molecule which can represent both beneficial and toxic effects. The term Janus-faced molecule is derived from the ancient Roman god, Janus. Janus is depicted as having two faces; one facing the past and one facing the future. This is synonymous to a Janus molecule having ... | Janus-faced molecule | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 737 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Molecules",
"Physical objects",
"nan",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
13,794,087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apamin | Apamin is an 18 amino acid globular peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom). Dry bee venom consists of 2–3% of apamin. Apamin selectively blocks SK channels, a type of Ca2+-activated K+ channel expressed in the central nervous system. Toxicity is caused by only a few amino acids, in particular cysteine1, lysi... | Apamin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,274 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Neurotoxins",
"Peptides"
] |
13,794,111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndite | Syndite is a composite material which combines the hardness, abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity of diamond with the toughness of tungsten carbide.
Applications
cutting tools for machining
a wide variety of abrasive materials
wear part applications
Advantages
improved life of the tool, or wear part
... | Syndite | [
"Physics"
] | 176 | [
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Matter"
] |
13,794,551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20see-saw | The polar see-saw (also: bipolar seesaw) is the phenomenon that temperature changes in the northern and southern hemispheres may be out of phase. The hypothesis states that large changes, for example when the glaciers are intensely growing or depleting, in the formation of ocean bottom water in both poles take a long t... | Polar see-saw | [
"Physics"
] | 133 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Earth phenomena",
"Weather",
"Climate and weather statistics",
"Meteorological phenomena"
] |
13,796,065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freudenthal%20magic%20square | In mathematics, the Freudenthal magic square (or Freudenthal–Tits magic square) is a construction relating several Lie algebras (and their associated Lie groups). It is named after Hans Freudenthal and Jacques Tits, who developed the idea independently. It associates a Lie algebra to a pair of division algebras A, B. T... | Freudenthal magic square | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,595 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Representation theory"
] |
13,796,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker%20gene | Caretaker genes encode products that stabilize the genome. Fundamentally, mutations in caretaker genes lead to genomic instability. Tumor cells arise from two distinct classes of genomic instability: mutational instability arising from changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and chromosomal instability arising from... | Caretaker gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,821 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
1,657,665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge-of-the-wedge%20theorem | In mathematics, Bogoliubov's edge-of-the-wedge theorem implies that holomorphic functions on two "wedges" with an "edge" in common are analytic continuations of each other provided they both give the same continuous function on the edge. It is used in quantum field theory to construct the analytic continuation of Wigh... | Edge-of-the-wedge theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,613 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Equations of physics",
"Several complex variables",
"Theorems in complex analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Theorems in mathematical physics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Mathematical problems",
"Physics the... |
1,659,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log%E2%80%93log%20plot | In science and engineering, a log–log graph or log–log plot is a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales on both the horizontal and vertical axes. Power functions – relationships of the form – appear as straight lines in a log–log graph, with the exponent corresponding to the slope, and th... | Log–log plot | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,168 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Calculus",
"Quantity",
"Non-Newtonian calculus",
"Logarithmic scales of measurement"
] |
1,659,281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos%20cement | Asbestos cement, genericized as fibro, fibrolite (short for "fibrous (or fibre) cement sheet"; but different from the natural mineral fibrolite), or AC sheet, is a composite building material consisting of cement and asbestos fibres pressed into thin rigid sheets and other shapes.
Invented at the end of the 19th cent... | Asbestos cement | [
"Physics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 782 | [
"Toxicology",
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Building materials",
"Asbestos",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
12,197,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatin%20remodeling | Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone ... | Chromatin remodeling | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,840 | [
"Gene expression",
"Nuclear organization",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
12,198,134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiraterone%20acetate | Abiraterone acetate, sold under the brand name Zytiga among others, is a medication used to treat prostate cancer. Specifically it is used together with a corticosteroid for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and metastatic high-risk castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). It should either be... | Abiraterone acetate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,513 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
12,199,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20manufacturing | Process manufacturing is a branch of manufacturing that is associated with formulas and manufacturing recipes, and can be contrasted with discrete manufacturing, which is concerned with discrete units, bills of materials and the assembly of components. Process manufacturing is also referred to as a 'process industry' w... | Process manufacturing | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,714 | [
"Manufacturing",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
12,200,213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haj%C3%B3s%27s%20theorem | In group theory, Hajós's theorem states that if a finite abelian group is expressed as the Cartesian product of simplexes, that is, sets of the form where is the identity element, then at least one of the factors is a subgroup. The theorem was proved by the Hungarian mathematician György Hajós in 1941 using group r... | Hajós's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 208 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical problems",
"Conjectures that have been proved"
] |
12,200,818 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20number | The Dean number (De) is a dimensionless group in fluid mechanics, which occurs in the study of flow in curved pipes and channels. It is named after the British scientist W. R. Dean, who was the first to provide a theoretical solution of the fluid
motion through curved pipes for laminar flow by using a perturbation proc... | Dean number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 936 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
12,201,130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%20neutralizing%20capacity | Acid-neutralizing capacity or ANC in short is a measure for the overall buffering capacity against acidification of a solution, e.g. surface water or soil water.
ANC is defined as the difference between cations of strong bases and anions of strong acids (see below), or dynamically as the amount of acid needed to chan... | Acid neutralizing capacity | [
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 790 | [
"Acid–base chemistry",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Water pollution",
"Equilibrium chemistry",
"nan"
] |
12,201,337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket%20algebra | In mathematics, a bracket algebra is an algebraic system that connects the notion of a supersymmetry algebra with a symbolic representation of projective invariants.
Given that L is a proper signed alphabet and Super[L] is the supersymmetric algebra, the bracket algebra Bracket[L] of dimension n over the field K is th... | Bracket algebra | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 245 | [
"Symmetry",
"Mathematical structures",
"Group actions",
"Algebras",
"Algebraic structures",
"Invariant theory"
] |
12,201,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson%20metric | In mathematics, the Hutchinson metric otherwise known as Kantorovich metric is a function which measures "the discrepancy between two images for use in fractal image processing" and "can also be applied to describe the similarity between DNA sequences expressed as real or complex genomic signals".
Formal definition
Co... | Hutchinson metric | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 233 | [
"Spacetime",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry"
] |
5,777,979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond%20albedo | The Bond albedo (also called spheric albedo, planetary albedo, and bolometric albedo), named after the American astronomer George Phillips Bond (1825–1865), who originally proposed it, is the fraction of power in the total electromagnetic radiation incident on an astronomical body that is scattered back out into space.... | Bond albedo | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 418 | [
"Physical phenomena",
" absorption and radiative transfer (optics)",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Astrophysics",
"Scattering",
"Radiation",
"Radiometry"
] |
5,778,255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%20frequency | The Rabi frequency is the frequency at which the probability amplitudes of two atomic energy levels fluctuate in an oscillating electromagnetic field. It is proportional to the transition dipole moment of the two levels and to the amplitude (not intensity) of the electromagnetic field. Population transfer between the l... | Rabi frequency | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,181 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum optics",
"Quantity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Atomic physics",
" molecular",
"Atomic",
"Optical quantities",
" and optical physics"
] |
5,781,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitointeractome | Mitointeractome is a mitochondrial protein interactome database.
References
External links
Mitointeractome
Molecular biology | Mitointeractome | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 25 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
5,782,826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20crystallization%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, fractional crystallization is a stage-wise separation technique that relies on the liquid–solid phase change. This technique fractionates via differences in crystallization temperature and enables the purification of multi-component mixtures, as long as none of the constituents can act as solvents to the... | Fractional crystallization (chemistry) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,105 | [
"Fractionation",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Separation processes",
"Methods of crystal growth",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Crystallography",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
17,749,634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical%20sign%20problem | In applied mathematics, the numerical sign problem is the problem of numerically evaluating the integral of a highly oscillatory function of a large number of variables. Numerical methods fail because of the near-cancellation of the positive and negative contributions to the integral. Each has to be integrated to very ... | Numerical sign problem | [
"Physics"
] | 1,633 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Unsolved problems in physics"
] |
17,755,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaoliang%20Sunney%20Xie | Xiaoliang Sunney Xie (; born 24 June 1962) is a Chinese biophysicist well known for his contributions to the fields of single-molecule biophysical chemistry, coherent Raman Imaging and single-molecule genomics. In 2023, Xie renounced his U.S. citizenship in order to reclaim his Chinese citizenship.
Early life
Xie was ... | Xiaoliang Sunney Xie | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 921 | [
"Physical chemists",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Analytical chemists",
"Spectroscopists",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
9,058,508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconds%20pendulum | A seconds pendulum is a pendulum whose period is precisely two seconds; one second for a swing in one direction and one second for the return swing, a frequency of 0.5 Hz.
Pendulum
A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced sideways from its resting equili... | Seconds pendulum | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 3,329 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Units of length",
"Units of time",
"Quantity",
"Timekeeping components",
"Spacetime",
"Components",
"Units of measurement"
] |
9,065,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20suspension | Acoustic suspension is a loudspeaker cabinet design that uses one or more loudspeaker drivers mounted in a sealed box. Acoustic suspension systems reduce bass distortion which can be caused by stiff suspensions required on drivers used for open cabinet designs.
A compact acoustic suspension loudspeaker was described i... | Acoustic suspension | [
"Physics"
] | 1,378 | [
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
9,068,275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction%20risk%20from%20climate%20change | There are several plausible pathways that could lead to extinction from climate change. Every plant and animal species has evolved to exist within a certain ecological niche. But climate change leads to changes of temperature and average weather patterns. These changes can push climatic conditions outside of the specie... | Extinction risk from climate change | [
"Biology"
] | 9,806 | [
"Evolution of the biosphere",
"Extinction events"
] |
646,088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse%20grid | Sparse grids are numerical techniques to represent, integrate or interpolate high dimensional functions. They were originally developed by the Russian mathematician Sergey A. Smolyak, a student of Lazar Lyusternik, and are based on a sparse tensor product construction. Computer algorithms for efficient implementations ... | Sparse grid | [
"Mathematics"
] | 329 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis stubs",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations"
] |
646,120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperk%C3%A4hler%20manifold | In differential geometry, a hyperkähler manifold is a Riemannian manifold endowed with three integrable almost complex structures that are Kähler with respect to the Riemannian metric and satisfy the quaternionic relations . In particular, it is a hypercomplex manifold. All hyperkähler manifolds are Ricci-flat and a... | Hyperkähler manifold | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,319 | [
"Riemannian manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Metric spaces"
] |
646,257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20press | A forming press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a work-piece by the application of pressure. The operator of a forming press is known as a press-tool setter, often shortened to tool-setter.
Presses can be classified according to
their mechanism: hydraulic, mechanical, pneumat... | Machine press | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,021 | [
"Machine tools",
"Industrial machinery"
] |
646,359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bc%20%28programming%20language%29 | bc, for basic calculator, is "an arbitrary-precision calculator language" with syntax similar to the C programming language. bc is typically used as either a mathematical scripting language or as an interactive mathematical shell.
Overview
A typical interactive usage is typing the command bc on a Unix command prompt a... | Bc (programming language) | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 2,464 | [
"Software calculators",
"Standard Unix programs",
"Free mathematics software",
"Computing commands",
"Plan 9 commands",
"Mathematical software"
] |
646,478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiogenic%20petroleum%20origin | The abiogenic petroleum origin hypothesis proposes that most of earth's petroleum and natural gas deposits were formed inorganically, commonly known as abiotic oil. Scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports a biogenic origin for most of the world's petroleum deposits. Mainstream theories about the formation of hydroc... | Abiogenic petroleum origin | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 6,665 | [
"Organisms by adaptation",
"Petroleum",
"Extremophiles",
"Environmental microbiology",
"Bacteria",
"Biological hypotheses",
"Petroleum geology"
] |
646,745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momo%20%28novel%29 | Momo, also known as The Grey Gentlemen or The Men in Grey, is a fantasy novel by Michael Ende, published in 1973. It is about the concept of time and how it is used by humans in modern societies. The full title in German (Momo oder Die seltsame Geschichte von den Zeit-Dieben und von dem Kind, das den Menschen die gest... | Momo (novel) | [
"Physics"
] | 2,656 | [
"Spacetime",
"Fiction about time",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
646,974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkinson%27s%20polynomial | In numerical analysis, Wilkinson's polynomial is a specific polynomial which was used by James H. Wilkinson in 1963 to illustrate a difficulty when finding the root of a polynomial: the location of the roots can be very sensitive to perturbations in the coefficients of the polynomial.
The polynomial is
Sometimes, the... | Wilkinson's polynomial | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,047 | [
"Polynomials",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Approximations",
"Algebra"
] |
647,269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20number%20tandem%20repeat | A variable number tandem repeat (or VNTR) is a location in a genome where a short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats) among individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele, allowing them to be used f... | Variable number tandem repeat | [
"Biology"
] | 1,060 | [
"Molecular genetics",
"Repetitive DNA sequences"
] |
647,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe%20Curve%20%28Pennsylvania%29 | The Horseshoe Curve is a three-track railroad curve on Norfolk Southern Railway's Pittsburgh Line in Blair County, Pennsylvania. The curve is roughly long and in diameter. Completed in 1854 by the Pennsylvania Railroad as a way to reduce the westbound grade to the summit of the Allegheny Mountains, it replaced the ti... | Horseshoe Curve (Pennsylvania) | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,489 | [
"Civil engineering",
"Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks"
] |
648,008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptotic%20freedom | In quantum field theory, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases. (Alternatively, and perhaps contrarily, in applying an S-matrix, asymptotically free ref... | Asymptotic freedom | [
"Physics"
] | 1,529 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Critical phenomena",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Renormalization group",
"Statistical mechanics"
] |
648,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Zeno%20effect | The quantum Zeno effect (also known as the Turing paradox) is a feature of quantum-mechanical systems allowing a particle's time evolution to be slowed down by measuring it frequently enough with respect to some chosen measurement setting.
Sometimes this effect is interpreted as "a system cannot change while you are w... | Quantum Zeno effect | [
"Physics"
] | 2,395 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Entropy",
"Quantum measurement",
"Quantum mechanical entropy"
] |
649,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7%20%28mathematics%29 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:E7 (mathematics)}}
In mathematics, E7 is the name of several closely related Lie groups, linear algebraic groups or their Lie algebras e7, all of which have dimension 133; the same notation E7 is used for the corresponding root lattice, which has rank 7. The designation E7 comes from the Cartan–Killing ... | E7 (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,207 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
649,711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20boson | In particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of fundamental interactions. Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and 1980s, intermedia... | Vector boson | [
"Physics"
] | 418 | [
"Bosons",
"Subatomic particles",
"Particle physics",
"Matter"
] |
649,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20representation | In representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, a fundamental representation is an irreducible finite-dimensional representation of a semisimple Lie group
or Lie algebra whose highest weight is a fundamental weight. For example, the defining module of a classical Lie group is a fundamental representation. Any ... | Fundamental representation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 467 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Representation theory"
] |
649,976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan-Cheng%20Fung | Yuan-Cheng "Bert" Fung (September 15, 1919 – December 15, 2019) was a Chinese-American bioengineer and writer. He is regarded as a founding figure of bioengineering, tissue engineering, and the "Founder of Modern Biomechanics".
Biography
Fung was born in Jiangsu Province, China in 1919. He earned a bachelor's degree ... | Yuan-Cheng Fung | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 852 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Cloning",
"Chemical engineering",
"Tissue engineering",
"Medical technology"
] |
11,237,888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome%20survey%20sequence | In the fields of bioinformatics and computational biology, Genome survey sequences (GSS) are nucleotide sequences similar to expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that the only difference is that most of them are genomic in origin, rather than mRNA.
Genome survey sequences are typically generated and submitted to NCBI by lab... | Genome survey sequence | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,829 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Biological engineering"
] |
11,240,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intransitive%20game | An intransitive or non-transitive game is a zero-sum game in which pairwise competitions between the strategies contain a cycle. If strategy A beats strategy B, B beats C, and C beats A, then the binary relation "to beat" is intransitive, since transitivity would require that A beat C. The terms "transitive game" or "i... | Intransitive game | [
"Mathematics"
] | 213 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Game theory",
"Game theory game classes",
"Applied mathematics stubs"
] |
11,240,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20adulteration%20in%20China | In China, the adulteration and contamination of several food and feed ingredients with inexpensive melamine and other compounds, such as cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide, are common practice. These adulterants can be used to inflate the apparent protein content of products, so that inexpensive ingredients can pass ... | Protein adulteration in China | [
"Chemistry"
] | 9,412 | [
"Adulteration",
"Drug safety"
] |
11,241,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20master%20equation | A quantum master equation is a generalization of the idea of a master equation. Rather than just a system of differential equations for a set of probabilities (which only constitutes the diagonal elements of a density matrix), quantum master equations are differential equations for the entire density matrix, including ... | Quantum master equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 301 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations"
] |
11,241,428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFNE | DAFNE or DAΦNE (Double Annular Φ Factory for Nice Experiments), is an electron-positron collider at the INFN Frascati National Laboratory in Frascati, Italy. It consists of 2 accelerator rings, both approximately 100 meters in length. Since 1999 it has been colliding electrons and positrons at a center of mass energy o... | DAFNE | [
"Physics"
] | 371 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
11,242,909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20U3 | In molecular biology, U3 snoRNA is a non-coding RNA found predominantly in the nucleolus.
U3 has C/D box motifs that technically make it a member of the box C/D class of snoRNAs; however, unlike other C/D box snoRNAs, it has not been shown to direct 2'-O-methylation of other RNAs.
Rather, U3 is thought to guide site-sp... | Small nucleolar RNA U3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 614 | [
"Molecular biology stubs",
"Molecular biology"
] |
11,243,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepscan | Pepscan is a procedure for mapping and characterizing epitopes involving the synthesis of overlapping peptides and analysis of the peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The method is based on combinatorial chemistry and was pioneered by Mario Geysen and coworkers.
Rob Meloen was one of Geysen's co-... | Pepscan | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 228 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Immunology",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Peptides"
] |
14,892,659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar-wind%20bubble | A stellar-wind bubble is a cavity light-years across filled with hot gas blown into the interstellar medium by the high-velocity (several thousand km/s) stellar wind from a single massive star of type O or B. Weaker stellar winds also blow bubble structures, which are also called astrospheres. The heliosphere blown by ... | Stellar-wind bubble | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 243 | [
"Interstellar media",
"Outer space",
"Plasma physics",
"Galactic astronomy",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Stellar astronomy stubs",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Stellar astronomy"
] |
14,892,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamb%20waves | Lamb waves propagate in solid plates or spheres. They are elastic waves whose particle motion lies in the plane that contains the direction of wave propagation and the direction perpendicular to the plate. In 1917, the English mathematician Horace Lamb published his classic analysis and description of acoustic waves of... | Lamb waves | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 4,262 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Waves",
"Wave mechanics",
"Materials testing",
"Nondestructive testing",
"Physical properties"
] |
14,895,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuremamine | Yuremamine is a phytoindole alkaloid which was isolated from the bark of Mimosa tenuiflora in 2005, and erroneously assigned a pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole structure that was thought to represent a new class of indole alkaloids. However, in 2015, the bioinspired total synthesis of yuremamine revealed its structure to be a flav... | Yuremamine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 184 | [
"Tryptamine alkaloids",
"Alkaloids by chemical classification"
] |
14,896,215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20allowable%20operating%20pressure | Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure (MAOP) is a pressure limit set, usually by a government body, which applies to compressed gas pressure vessels, pipelines, and storage tanks. For pipelines, this value is derived from Barlow's Formula, which takes into account wall thickness, diameter, allowable stress (which is a f... | Maximum allowable operating pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 433 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Chemical engineering",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Piping",
"Pressure vessels",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
14,902,155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic%20growth%20factor | Hematopoietic growth factor is a group of glycoproteins that causes blood cells to grow and mature (Haematopoiesis).
"A group of at least seven substances involved in the production of blood cells, including several interleukins and erythropoietin."
External links
Hematopoietic growth factor entry in the public doma... | Hematopoietic growth factor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 92 | [
"Growth factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
14,902,305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequon | A sequon is a sequence of consecutive amino acids in a protein that can serve as the attachment site to a polysaccharide, frequently an N-linked-Glycan.
The polysaccharide is linked to the protein via the nitrogen atom in the side chain of asparagine (Asn). The sequon for N-glycosylation is either Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-T... | Sequon | [
"Chemistry"
] | 191 | [
"Glycoproteins",
"Glycobiology"
] |
4,343,822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPLS | The OPLS (Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations) force field was developed by Prof. William L. Jorgensen at Purdue University and later at Yale University, and is being further developed commercially by Schrödinger, Inc.
Functional form
The functional form of the OPLS force field is very similar to that of AMBE... | OPLS | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 342 | [
"Molecular physics",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational physics",
"Bioinformatics",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Computational chemistry",
"Computational chemistry stubs",
"Theoretical chemistry",
"Structural biology",
"Structural bioinformatics",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Force fields... |
4,350,392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarding%20of%20Machinery%20Convention%2C%201963 | Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1963, with the preamble stating:
Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 52 states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties conc... | Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963 | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 286 | [
"Physical systems",
"Machines",
"Machinery",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
7,541,497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20simply%20connected%20space | In mathematics, a locally simply connected space is a topological space that admits a basis of simply connected sets. Every locally simply connected space is also locally path-connected and locally connected.
The circle is an example of a locally simply connected space which is not simply connected. The Hawaiian earri... | Locally simply connected space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 161 | [
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topology stubs",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
7,541,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%E2%80%93Caro%20process | The Frank–Caro process, also called cyanamide process, is the nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas in a reactor vessel at about 1,000 °C. The reaction is exothermic and self-sustaining once the reaction temperature is reached. Originally the reaction took place in large steel cylinders with a... | Frank–Caro process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 506 | [
"Fertilizers",
"Functional groups",
"Chemical processes",
"Soil chemistry",
"Cyanamides",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
7,541,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoseism | A cryoseism, ice quake or frost quake, is a seismic event caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice, or by stresses generated at frozen lakes. As water drains into the ground, it may eventually freeze and expand under colder temperatures, putting stress on its surroundings. T... | Cryoseism | [
"Physics"
] | 1,019 | [
"Weather",
"Physical phenomena",
"Weather hazards"
] |
3,191,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20field%20camera | A light field camera, also known as a plenoptic camera, is a camera that captures information about the light field emanating from a scene; that is, the intensity of light in a scene, and also the precise direction that the light rays are traveling in space. This contrasts with conventional cameras, which record only l... | Light field camera | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,262 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopes",
"Microscopy"
] |
3,192,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiophobia | Radiophobia is an irrational or excessive fear of ionizing radiation, leading to overestimating the health risks of radiation compared to other risks. It can impede rational decision-making and contribute to counter-productive behavior and policies. Radiophobia is primarily a social phenomenon as opposed to a purely p... | Radiophobia | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,362 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
3,192,214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloheptene | Cycloheptene is a 7-membered cycloalkene with a flash point of −6.7 °C. It is a raw material in organic chemistry and a monomer in polymer synthesis. Cycloheptene can exist as either the cis- or the trans-isomer.
trans-Cycloheptene
With cycloheptene, the cis-isomer is always assumed but the trans-isomer does also ex... | Cycloheptene | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 604 | [
"Monomers",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
3,192,875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson%E2%80%93Anson%20effect | The Pearson–Anson effect, discovered in 1922 by Stephen Oswald Pearson and Horatio Saint George Anson, is the phenomenon of an oscillating electric voltage produced by a neon bulb connected across a capacitor, when a direct current is applied through a resistor. This circuit, now called the Pearson-Anson oscillator, ne... | Pearson–Anson effect | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,378 | [
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
3,193,758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumping%20lemma%20for%20context-free%20languages | In computer science, in particular in formal language theory, the pumping lemma for context-free languages, also known as the Bar-Hillel lemma, is a lemma that gives a property shared by all context-free languages and generalizes the pumping lemma for regular languages.
The pumping lemma can be used to construct a ref... | Pumping lemma for context-free languages | [
"Mathematics"
] | 909 | [
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Lemmas"
] |
3,193,851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20band | Spectral bands are regions of a given spectrum, having a specific range of wavelengths or frequencies. Most often, it refers to electromagnetic bands, regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
More generally, spectral bands may also be means in the spectra of other types of signals, e.g., noise spectrum.
A frequency b... | Spectral band | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 563 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
3,194,204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot%E2%80%93Leyden%20crystals | Charcot–Leyden crystals are microscopic crystals composed of eosinophil protein galectin-10 found in people who have allergic diseases such as asthma or parasitic infections such as parasitic pneumonia or ascariasis.
Appearance
Charcot–Leyden crystals are composed of an eosinophilic lysophospholipase binding protein ... | Charcot–Leyden crystals | [
"Biology"
] | 320 | [
"Pathology"
] |
3,195,803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearly%20free%20electron%20model | In solid-state physics, the nearly free electron model (or NFE model and quasi-free electron model) is a quantum mechanical model of physical properties of electrons that can move almost freely through the crystal lattice of a solid. The model is closely related to the more conceptual empty lattice approximation. The m... | Nearly free electron model | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 978 | [
"Electron",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum models",
"Electronic band structures",
"Condensed matter physics"
] |
3,196,393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium%E2%80%93tin | Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type-II superconductor. This intermetallic compound has a simple structure: A3B. It is more expensive than niobium–titanium (NbTi), but remains superconducting up to a magnetic flux density of , compared to a limit of roughly ... | Niobium–tin | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,430 | [
"Inorganic compounds",
"Metallurgy",
"Superconductivity",
"Alloys",
"Intermetallics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Superconductors"
] |
16,576,182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%20Aquarii | U Aquarii, abbreviated U Aqr, is a variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It is invisible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude that ranges from 10.6 down to as low as 15.9. Based on parallax measurements, the distance to this star is approximately . In 1990, W. A. Lawson and associa... | U Aquarii | [
"Astronomy"
] | 363 | [
"Constellations",
"Aquarius (constellation)"
] |
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