id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,367,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov%C3%A1sz%20conjecture | In graph theory, the Lovász conjecture (1969) is a classical problem on Hamiltonian paths in graphs. It says:
Every finite connected vertex-transitive graph contains a Hamiltonian path.
Originally László Lovász stated the problem in the opposite way, but
this version became standard. In 1996, László Babai published a... | Lovász conjecture | [
"Mathematics"
] | 800 | [
"Unsolved problems in mathematics",
"Mathematical structures",
"Finite groups",
"Graph theory",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Conjectures",
"Mathematical relations",
"Unsolved problems in graph theory",
"Algebraic structures",
"Mathematical problems",
"Algebra",
"Algebraic g... |
4,367,479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson%20resistance | Atkinson resistance is commonly used in mine ventilation to characterise the resistance to airflow of a duct of irregular size and shape, such as a mine roadway. It has the symbol and is used in the square law for pressure drop,
where (in English units)
is pressure drop (pounds per square foot),
is the air densi... | Atkinson resistance | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,148 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
4,370,004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton%20epoch | In cosmological models of the Big Bang, the lepton epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe in which the leptons dominated the mass of the Universe. It started roughly 1 second after the Big Bang, after the majority of hadrons and anti-hadrons annihilated each other at the end of the hadron epoch. Du... | Lepton epoch | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 213 | [
"Cosmogony",
"Big Bang",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
4,370,018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron%20epoch | In physical cosmology, the hadron epoch started 20 microseconds after the Big Bang. The temperature of the universe had fallen sufficiently to allow the quarks from the preceding quark epoch to bind together into hadrons. Initially, the temperature was high enough to allow the formation of hadron/anti-hadron pairs, whi... | Hadron epoch | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 245 | [
"Cosmogony",
"Big Bang",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
4,370,036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak%20epoch | In physical cosmology, the electroweak epoch was the period in the evolution of the early universe when the temperature of the universe had fallen enough that the strong force separated from the electronuclear interaction, but was still high enough for electromagnetism and the weak interaction to remain merged into a s... | Electroweak epoch | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 439 | [
"Cosmogony",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Big Bang",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
4,370,125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20unification%20epoch | In physical cosmology, the grand unification epoch is a poorly understood period in the evolution of the early universe following the Planck epoch and preceding inflation (cosmology). This places it between about 10−43 seconds after the Big Bang and 10−35 seconds, when the temperature of the universe was comparable to... | Grand unification epoch | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 311 | [
"Cosmogony",
"Big Bang",
"Theoretical physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Physical cosmology",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
4,371,547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%20Loudspeakers | Jensen Loudspeakers is a company that manufactures speakers in many different models and sizes. Originally located in Chicago, Illinois, the company built a reputation during the 50s and 60s providing speakers used mainly in guitar and bass amplifiers. Although the American company is long out of business, "reissue" gu... | Jensen Loudspeakers | [
"Engineering"
] | 868 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Radio manufacturers"
] |
4,372,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Conquest%20of%20Space | The Conquest of Space is a 1949 speculative science book written by Willy Ley and illustrated by Chesley Bonestell. The book contains a portfolio of paintings by Bonestell depicting the possible future exploration of the Solar System, with explanatory text by Ley. Most of the 58 illustrations by Bonestell in Conquest, ... | The Conquest of Space | [
"Astronomy"
] | 331 | [
"Astronomy books",
"Astronomy book stubs",
"Works about astronomy",
"Astronomy stubs"
] |
4,372,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicennia%20germinans | Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, is a shrub or small tree growing up to 12 meters (39 feet) in the acanthus family, Acanthaceae. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and on the Atlantic Coast of tropical Africa, where it thrives on the sandy and ... | Avicennia germinans | [
"Chemistry"
] | 631 | [
"Halophytes",
"Salts"
] |
17,822,126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-to-pull%20compression%20fittings | Push-to-pull, push-to-connect, push-in, push-fit, or instant fittings are a type of easily removed compression fitting or quick connect fitting that allows an air (or water) line to be attached, nominally without the use of tools (a tool is still usually required for cutting tubing to length and removal). These fitting... | Push-to-pull compression fittings | [
"Engineering"
] | 920 | [
"Construction",
"Plumbing"
] |
17,823,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20vertical%20depth | True vertical depth is the measurement of a straight line perpendicularly downwards from a horizontal plane.
In the petroleum industry, true vertical depth, abbreviated as TVD, is the measurement from the surface to the bottom of the borehole (or anywhere along its length) in a straight perpendicular line represented ... | True vertical depth | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 190 | [
"Vertical position",
"Physical quantities",
"Distance",
"Petroleum stubs",
"Petroleum",
"Petroleum geology"
] |
17,828,291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkhausen%20stability%20criterion | In electronics, the Barkhausen stability criterion is a mathematical condition to determine when a linear electronic circuit will oscillate. It was put forth in 1921 by German physicist Heinrich Barkhausen (1881–1956). It is widely used in the design of electronic oscillators, and also in the design of general negative... | Barkhausen stability criterion | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 536 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronic circuits",
"Mechanics",
"Oscillation"
] |
14,938,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20epigenetics | Computational epigenetics uses statistical methods and mathematical modelling in epigenetic research. Due to the recent explosion of epigenome datasets, computational methods play an increasing role in all areas of epigenetic research.
Research in computational epigenetics comprises the development and application of ... | Computational epigenetics | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,046 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Computational fields of study",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Bioinformatics",
"Computing and society",
"Biophysics"
] |
14,941,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverberation%20mapping | Reverberation mapping (or Echo mapping) is an astrophysical technique for measuring the structure of the broad-line region (BLR) around a supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy, and thus estimating the hole's mass. It is considered a "primary" mass estimation technique, i.e., the mass is measured dir... | Reverberation mapping | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 646 | [
"Black holes",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Concepts in astrophysics",
"Computer engineering",
"Signal processing",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Supermassive black holes",
"Astrophysics",
"Observational astronomy",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
5,809,688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20dynamics | Structural dynamics is a type of structural analysis which covers the behavior of a structure subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to f... | Structural dynamics | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,566 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Structural analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Motion (physics)",
"Dynamics (mechanics)",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
193,294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium%20hydroxide | Aluminium hydroxide, , is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite, and nordstrandite. Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric, i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties. Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH), and alumin... | Aluminium hydroxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,739 | [
"Amphoteric compounds",
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Hydroxides",
"Bases (chemistry)"
] |
193,298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbsite | Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is one of the mineral forms of aluminium hydroxide. It is often designated as γ-Al(OH)3 (but sometimes as α-Al(OH)3). It is also sometimes called hydrargillite (or hydrargyllite).
Gibbsite is an important ore of aluminium in that it is one of three main phases that make up the rock bauxite.
Gibbsit... | Gibbsite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 790 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals"
] |
193,366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asafoetida | Asafoetida (; also spelled asafetida) is the dried latex (gum oleoresin) exuded from the rhizome or tap root of several species of Ferula, perennial herbs of the carrot family. It is produced in Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, northern India and Northwest China (Xinjiang). Different regions have different botanical s... | Asafoetida | [
"Physics"
] | 1,943 | [
"Amorphous solids",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Resins"
] |
193,735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s%20equation | Poisson's equation is an elliptic partial differential equation of broad utility in theoretical physics. For example, the solution to Poisson's equation is the potential field caused by a given electric charge or mass density distribution; with the potential field known, one can then calculate the corresponding electro... | Poisson's equation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,705 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Functions and mappings",
"Equations of physics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Potential theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
194,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20fuel%20cycle | The nuclear fuel cycle, also called nuclear fuel chain, is the progression of nuclear fuel through a series of differing stages. It consists of steps in the front end, which are the preparation of the fuel, steps in the service period in which the fuel is used during reactor operation, and steps in the back end, which ... | Nuclear fuel cycle | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology"
] | 10,858 | [
"Radioactive waste",
"Nuclear technology",
"Materials",
"Environmental impact of nuclear power",
"Hazardous waste",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Hazardous materials",
"Matter"
] |
194,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20capacity | Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a physical property of matter, defined as the amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. The SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin (J/K).
Heat capacity is an extensive property. The corresponding intensive property is the speci... | Heat capacity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,630 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Quantity",
"Thermodynamics",
"Physical quantities"
] |
194,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-v | Delta-v (also known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced , as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver. It is a scalar that ha... | Delta-v | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,130 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Astrodynamics",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Physical properties"
] |
194,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morale | Morale ( , ) is the capacity of a group's members to maintain belief in an institution or goal, particularly in the face of opposition or hardship. Morale is often referenced by authority figures as a generic value judgment of the willpower, obedience, and self-discipline of a group tasked with performing duties assig... | Morale | [
"Biology"
] | 850 | [
"Ethology",
"Behavior",
"Motivation",
"Human behavior"
] |
194,690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20Commission%20number | The Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the corresponding enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
EC numbers do not specify enzymes but enzy... | Enzyme Commission number | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 788 | [
"Biological engineering",
"Mathematical objects",
"Chemical numbering schemes",
"Bioinformatics",
"Computational chemistry",
"nan",
"Cheminformatics",
"Numbers"
] |
195,351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian%20matrix%20and%20determinant | In vector calculus, the Jacobian matrix (, ) of a vector-valued function of several variables is the matrix of all its first-order partial derivatives. When this matrix is square, that is, when the function takes the same number of variables as input as the number of vector components of its output, its determinant is ... | Jacobian matrix and determinant | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,249 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Calculus",
"Mathematical objects",
"Matrices (mathematics)",
"Differential calculus",
"Multivariable calculus",
"Differential operators"
] |
195,407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%20notation | In mathematics, especially the usage of linear algebra in mathematical physics and differential geometry, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving brevity... | Einstein notation | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,708 | [
"Tensors",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"nan",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
195,693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20burster | X-ray bursters are one class of X-ray binary stars exhibiting X-ray bursts, periodic and rapid increases in luminosity (typically a factor of 10 or greater) that peak in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These astrophysical systems are composed of an accreting neutron star and a main sequence companion ... | X-ray burster | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,714 | [
"Nuclear fission",
"Physical phenomena",
"Standard candles",
"Astrophysics",
"Nucleosynthesis",
"Nuclear physics",
"Nuclear fusion",
"Stellar phenomena"
] |
195,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period%203%20element | A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behavior of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical beh... | Period 3 element | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,577 | [
"Periodic table",
"Periods (periodic table)"
] |
1,096,102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%20Pulsed%20Power%20Facility | The Z Pulsed Power Facility, informally known as the Z machine or simply Z, is the largest high frequency electromagnetic wave generator in the world, operated by Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
It has primarily been used as an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research facility, including the... | Z Pulsed Power Facility | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,766 | [
"Nuclear research institutes",
"Nuclear organizations",
"Plasma physics facilities",
"Plasma physics"
] |
1,096,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical%20theory | In mathematical logic, a theory is categorical if it has exactly one model (up to isomorphism). Such a theory can be viewed as defining its model, uniquely characterizing the model's structure.
In first-order logic, only theories with a finite model can be categorical. Higher-order logic contains categorical theories... | Categorical theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,135 | [
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Model theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
1,097,925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conserved%20current | In physics a conserved current is a current, , that satisfies the continuity equation . The continuity equation represents a conservation law, hence the name.
Indeed, integrating the continuity equation over a volume , large enough to have no net currents through its surface, leads to the conservation lawwhere is the... | Conserved current | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 500 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Conservation laws",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Geometry",
"Conservation equations",
"Symmetry",
"Physics theorems"
] |
1,098,915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford%20protein%20assay | The Bradford protein assay (also known as the Coomassie protein assay) was developed by Marion M. Bradford in 1976. It is a quick and accurate spectroscopic analytical procedure used to measure the concentration of protein in a solution. The reaction is dependent on the amino acid composition of the measured proteins.
... | Bradford protein assay | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 3,220 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Protein methods",
"Biochemistry detection reactions",
"Protein biochemistry",
"Chemical tests",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Microbiology techniques",
"nan"
] |
1,098,962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromanganese | Ferromanganese is an alloy of iron and manganese, with other elements such as silicon, carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus. The primary use of ferromanganese is as a type of processed manganese source to add to different types of steel, such as stainless steel. Global production of low-carbon ferromanganese (i.e. a... | Ferromanganese | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,009 | [
"Deoxidizers",
"Metallurgy"
] |
1,099,348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology%20%28biology%29 | Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
This includes aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern, size), i.e. external morphology (or eidonomy), as well as the form and structure of internal parts like bones and organs, ... | Morphology (biology) | [
"Biology"
] | 815 | [
"nan",
"Morphology (biology)"
] |
1,099,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypharmacy | Polypharmacy (polypragmasia) is an umbrella term to describe the simultaneous use of multiple medicines by a patient for their conditions. The term polypharmacy is often defined as regularly taking five or more medicines but there is no standard definition and the term has also been used in the context of when a person... | Polypharmacy | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,793 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug safety",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Pharmacy"
] |
1,099,396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug%20interaction | In pharmaceutical sciences, drug interactions occur when a drug's mechanism of action is affected by the concomitant administration of substances such as foods, beverages, or other drugs. A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs.
Interactions may occur by simul... | Drug interaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,541 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug safety",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Clinical pharmacology"
] |
1,099,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s%20Theorem%2090 | In abstract algebra, Hilbert's Theorem 90 (or Satz 90) is an important result on cyclic extensions of fields (or to one of its generalizations) that leads to Kummer theory. In its most basic form, it states that if L/K is an extension of fields with cyclic Galois group G = Gal(L/K) generated by an element and if is a... | Hilbert's Theorem 90 | [
"Mathematics"
] | 799 | [
"Theorems in algebraic number theory",
"Theorems in number theory"
] |
1,099,759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongly%20interacting%20massive%20particle | A strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) is a hypothetical particle that interacts strongly between themselves and weakly with ordinary matter, but could form the inferred dark matter despite this.
Strongly interacting massive particles have been proposed as a solution for the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray proble... | Strongly interacting massive particle | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 157 | [
"Dark matter",
"Hypothetical particles",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astroparticle physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Subatomic particles",
"Particle physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Matter"
] |
1,100,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einselection | In quantum mechanics, einselections, short for "environment-induced superselection", is a name coined by Wojciech H. Zurek
for a process which is claimed to explain the appearance of wavefunction collapse and the emergence of classical descriptions of reality from quantum descriptions. In this approach, classicality... | Einselection | [
"Physics"
] | 949 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
1,100,094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching%20fraction | In particle physics and nuclear physics, the branching fraction (or branching ratio) for a decay is the fraction of particles which decay by an individual decay mode or with respect to the total number of particles which decay. It applies to either the radioactive decay of atoms or the decay of elementary particles. It... | Branching fraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 561 | [
"Arithmetic",
"Particle physics",
"Radioactivity",
"Nuclear physics",
"Ratios"
] |
1,100,216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingolipid | Sphingolipids are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, which are a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine. They were discovered in brain extracts in the 1870s and were named after the mythological sphinx because of their enigmatic nature. These compounds play important roles i... | Sphingolipid | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,701 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Cell biology",
"Lipids"
] |
1,100,516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20predictive%20control | Model predictive control (MPC) is an advanced method of process control that is used to control a process while satisfying a set of constraints. It has been in use in the process industries in chemical plants and oil refineries since the 1980s. In recent years it has also been used in power system balancing models and ... | Model predictive control | [
"Mathematics"
] | 3,052 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Control theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
9,105,867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FitzHugh%E2%80%93Nagumo%20model | The FitzHugh–Nagumo model (FHN) describes a prototype of an excitable system (e.g., a neuron).
It is an example of a relaxation oscillator because, if the external stimulus exceeds a certain threshold value, the system will exhibit a characteristic excursion in phase space, before the variables and relax back to th... | FitzHugh–Nagumo model | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 1,182 | [
"Nonlinear systems",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
9,105,950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Ocean%20Data%20Analysis%20Project | The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis project bringing together oceanographic data, featuring two major releases as of 2018. The central goal of GLODAP is to generate a global climatology of the World Ocean's carbon cycle for use in studies of both its natural and anthropogenically forced state... | Global Ocean Data Analysis Project | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,063 | [
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Oceanography",
"Chemical oceanography",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
9,107,270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTOPIA%20%28bioinformatics%20tools%29 | UTOPIA (User-friendly Tools for Operating Informatics Applications) is a suite of free tools for visualising and analysing bioinformatics data. Based on an ontology-driven data model, it contains applications for viewing and aligning protein sequences, rendering complex molecular structures in 3D, and for finding and u... | UTOPIA (bioinformatics tools) | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 547 | [
"Computational science",
"Applied mathematics",
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics software"
] |
9,111,849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape-memory%20polymer | Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are polymeric smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state (temporary shape) to their original (permanent) shape when induced by an external stimulus (trigger), such as temperature change.
Properties of shape-memory polymers
SMPs can retain two or sometimes three ... | Shape-memory polymer | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 3,900 | [
"Polymer material properties",
"Smart materials",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
9,113,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility%20testing | Compatibility testing is a part of non-functional testing conducted on application software to ensure the application's compatibility with different computing environment.
The ISO 25010 standard, (System and Software Quality Models) defines compatibility as a characteristic or degree to which a software system can exc... | Compatibility testing | [
"Engineering"
] | 216 | [
"Software engineering",
"Software testing"
] |
9,115,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Electrical%20Engineering%20and%20Computer%20Science%20at%20MIT | The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT is an engineering department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is regarded as one of the most prestigious in the world, and offers degrees of Master of Science, Master of Engineering, Doctor of Philosophy, an... | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT | [
"Engineering"
] | 605 | [
"Electrical and computer engineering departments",
"Electrical and computer engineering",
"Engineering universities and colleges"
] |
9,115,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decabromodiphenyl%20ether | Decabromodiphenyl ether (also referred to as decaBDE, DBDE, BDE-209) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). It was commercialised in the 1970s and was initially thought to be safe, but is now recognised as a hazardous and persistent pollutant. It was added ... | Decabromodiphenyl ether | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,467 | [
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention"
] |
656,099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Casteljau%27s%20algorithm | In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, De Casteljau's algorithm is a recursive method to evaluate polynomials in Bernstein form or Bézier curves, named after its inventor Paul de Casteljau. De Casteljau's algorithm can also be used to split a single Bézier curve into two Bézier curves at an arbitrary paramete... | De Casteljau's algorithm | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,525 | [
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Approximations",
"Numerical analysis"
] |
656,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitschrift%20f%C3%BCr%20Physikalische%20Chemie | Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (English: Journal of Physical Chemistry) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering physical chemistry that is published by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. Its English subtitle is "International Journal of Research in Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics". It was esta... | Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie | [
"Chemistry"
] | 193 | [
"Physical chemistry journals",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
656,965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20chemistry | Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic ch... | Polymer chemistry | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,520 | [
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry"
] |
657,430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenable%20group | In mathematics, an amenable group is a locally compact topological group G carrying a kind of averaging operation on bounded functions that is invariant under translation by group elements. The original definition, in terms of a finitely additive measure (or mean) on subsets of G, was introduced by John von Neumann in ... | Amenable group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,624 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topological groups",
"Symmetry"
] |
1,670,763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush%20current | Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform. ... | Inrush current | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,915 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electrical parameters"
] |
1,671,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfe%20conditions | In the unconstrained minimization problem, the Wolfe conditions are a set of inequalities for performing inexact line search, especially in quasi-Newton methods, first published by Philip Wolfe in 1969.
In these methods the idea is to find
for some smooth . Each step often involves approximately solving the subproble... | Wolfe conditions | [
"Mathematics"
] | 589 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
1,671,610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tower%20King | "The Tower King" is a British comic science fiction strip, appearing in titles published by IPC Magazines. The story was published in the anthology Eagle from 27 March to 4 September 1982, written by Alan Hebden, with art by José Ortiz. The story was set in a dystopian London, where society has broken down.
Creation
W... | The Tower King | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 942 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Waves",
"Physical phenomena",
"Radiation"
] |
1,672,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannskarl%20Bandel | Hannskarl Bandel (May 3, 1925 Dessau, Germany – December 29, 1993 Aspen, Colorado, United States), was a German-American structural engineer.
Early life
Hannskarl Bandel's father was an architect who owned a construction firm, and his mother came from the Brechtel family, which owned the well-known German construction... | Hannskarl Bandel | [
"Engineering"
] | 888 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural engineers"
] |
1,672,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6bius%20resistor | A Möbius resistor is an electrical component made up of two conductive surfaces separated by a dielectric material, twisted 180° and connected to form a Möbius strip. As with the Möbius strip, once the Möbius resistor is connected up in this way it effectively has only one side and one continuous surface.
Its connect... | Möbius resistor | [
"Physics"
] | 284 | [
"Resistive components",
"Physical quantities",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
1,672,824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylaluminoxane | Methylaluminoxane, commonly called MAO, is a mixture of organoaluminium compounds with the approximate formula (Al(CH3)O)n. It is usually encountered as a solution in (aromatic) solvents, commonly toluene but also xylene, cumene, or mesitylene, Used in large excess, it activates precatalysts for alkene polymerization.
... | Methylaluminoxane | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 464 | [
"Catalysis",
"Catalysts",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
1,673,159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxyacyl%20nitrates | In organic chemistry, peroxyacyl nitrates (also known as Acyl peroxy nitrates, APN or PANs) are powerful respiratory and eye irritants present in photochemical smog. They are nitrates produced in the thermal equilibrium between organic peroxy radicals by the gas-phase oxidation of a variety of volatile organic compound... | Peroxyacyl nitrates | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 580 | [
"Visibility",
"Physical quantities",
"Smog",
"Organic compounds",
"Organic peroxides"
] |
1,673,288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20magnetic%20moment | In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μe) is In units of the Bohr magneton (μB), it is , a v... | Electron magnetic moment | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,519 | [
"Electric dipole moment",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Magnetic moment",
"Physical constants",
"Particle physics",
" molecular",
" and optical physics",
"Atomic",
"Atomic physics",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
1,673,666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Computer-Aided%20Manufacturing | Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) is a US Air Force program that develops tools, techniques, and processes to support manufacturing integration. It influenced the computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) project efforts of many companies.
The ICAM program was founded i... | Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,001 | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Design engineering"
] |
1,674,141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacancy%20defect | In crystallography, a vacancy is a type of point defect in a crystal where an atom is missing from one of the lattice sites. Crystals inherently possess imperfections, sometimes referred to as crystallographic defects.
Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the melting... | Vacancy defect | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 403 | [
"Crystallographic defects",
"Crystallography",
"Materials degradation",
"Materials science"
] |
1,674,308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20halide | In chemistry, hydrogen halides (hydrohalic acids when in the aqueous phase) are diatomic, inorganic compounds that function as Arrhenius acids. The formula is HX where X is one of the halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, or tennessine. All known hydrogen halides are gases at standard temperature and... | Hydrogen halide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 763 | [
"Molecules",
"Diatomic molecules",
"Matter"
] |
1,674,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20optimization | Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets (or, equivalently, maximizing concave functions over convex sets). Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is ... | Convex optimization | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,158 | [
"Mathematical optimization",
"Mathematical analysis"
] |
1,674,555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration%20theory%20of%20olfaction | The vibration theory of smell proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to its vibrational frequency in the infrared range. This controversial theory is an alternative to the more widely accepted docking theory of olfaction (formerly termed the shape theory of olfaction), which proposes that a molecule's smell ... | Vibration theory of olfaction | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 3,790 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"nan",
"Quantum biology"
] |
1,674,621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20modeling | The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the business process model.
Overview
Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a description of a... | Process modeling | [
"Engineering"
] | 4,070 | [
"Systems engineering"
] |
1,674,626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamodeling | A metamodel is a model of a model, and metamodeling is the process of generating such metamodels. Thus metamodeling or meta-modeling is the analysis, construction, and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models, and theories applicable and useful for modeling a predefined class of problems. As its name impli... | Metamodeling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,543 | [
"Design",
"Software design"
] |
1,674,907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide | Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system. As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma. As an immune suppress... | Cyclophosphamide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,141 | [
"Chemicals in medicine",
"Prodrugs"
] |
1,675,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifold%20vacuum | Manifold vacuum, or engine vacuum in a petrol engine is the difference in air pressure between the engine's intake manifold and Earth's atmosphere.
Manifold vacuum is an effect of a piston's movement on the induction stroke and the airflow through a throttle in the intervening carburetor or throttle body leading to th... | Manifold vacuum | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,487 | [
"Internal combustion engine",
"Engines",
"Vacuum",
"Combustion engineering",
"Engine technology",
"Matter"
] |
1,675,938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque | A bosque ( ) is a type of gallery forest habitat found along the riparian flood plains of streams, river banks, and lakes. It derives its name from the Spanish word for 'forest', pronounced .
Setting
In the predominantly arid or semi-arid southwestern United States, a bosque is an oasis-like ribbon of green forest, ... | Bosque | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,183 | [
"Riparian zone",
"Hydrology"
] |
75,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroelasticity | Aeroelasticity is the branch of physics and engineering studying the interactions between the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces occurring while an elastic body is exposed to a fluid flow. The study of aeroelasticity may be broadly classified into two fields: static aeroelasticity dealing with the static or stea... | Aeroelasticity | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,525 | [
"Solid mechanics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Aerodynamics",
"Mechanics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Physical properties",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
75,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Newtonian%20fluid | In physics and chemistry, a non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force. Ketchup, for example, becomes runnier when shaken and is thus a non-... | Non-Newtonian fluid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,937 | [
"Tribology",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Surface science",
"Materials science",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Piping",
"Polymers",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",... |
75,485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20discharge%20machining | Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark eroding, die sinking, wire burning or wire erosion, is a metal
fabrication process whereby a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges (sparks). Material is removed from the work piece by a series of rapidly recurring current disc... | Electrical discharge machining | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 5,433 | [
"Electric arcs",
"Physical phenomena",
"Metallurgy",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Metallurgical processes"
] |
75,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20syntax%20tree | An abstract syntax tree (AST) is a data structure used in computer science to represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text. I... | Abstract syntax tree | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,299 | [
"Formal languages",
"Mathematical logic"
] |
75,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperthermia | Hyperthermia, also known simply as overheating, is a condition in which an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal due to failed thermoregulation. The person's body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates. When extreme temperature elevation occurs, it becomes a medical emergency requiring immed... | Hyperthermia | [
"Biology"
] | 4,496 | [
"Thermoregulation",
"Homeostasis",
"Physiology"
] |
12,234,815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadiene | In organic chemistry, pentadiene is any hydrocarbon with an open chain of five carbons, connected by two single bonds and two double bonds. All those compounds have the same molecular formula . The inventory of pentadienes include:
1,2-pentadiene, or ethyl allene, .
1,3-pentadiene, with two isomers:
cis-1,3-penta... | Pentadiene | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 903 | [
"Matter",
"Anions",
"Free radicals",
"Senescence",
"Biomolecules",
"Ions"
] |
12,234,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome-binding%20site | A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of translation. Mostly, RBS refers to bacterial sequences, although internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) ha... | Ribosome-binding site | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,146 | [
"Protein biosynthesis",
"Cell biology",
"Gene expression",
"Biosynthesis",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
12,235,089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle%20X-ray%20scattering | Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a small-angle scattering technique by which nanoscale density differences in a sample can be quantified. This means that it can determine nanoparticle size distributions, resolve the size and shape of (monodisperse) macromolecules, determine pore sizes and characteristic distances... | Small-angle X-ray scattering | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,528 | [
"X-ray scattering",
"Scattering"
] |
12,236,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4F8 | The molecular formula C4F8 (molar mass: 200.03 g/mol, exact mass: 199.9872 u) may refer to:
Octafluorocyclobutane, or perfluorocyclobutane
Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB)
Molecular formulas | C4F8 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 71 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
12,241,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4H6O | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C4H6O}}
The molecular formula C4H6O may refer to:
Crotonaldehyde
Cyclobutanone
Dihydrofurans
2,3-Dihydrofuran
2,5-Dihydrofuran
Divinyl ether
Methacrolein
Methyl vinyl ketone
Molecular formulas | C4H6O | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 76 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
19,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass | Mass is an intrinsic property of a body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different m... | Mass | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 9,260 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Mass",
"Chemical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Extensive quantities",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Physical properties",
"Matter",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
19,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese | Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. It is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It imp... | Manganese | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 7,802 | [
"Chemical elements",
"Redox",
"Deoxidizers",
"Metallurgy",
"Reducing agents",
"Chemical hazards",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
19,053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral | In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.
The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. Howe... | Mineral | [
"Physics"
] | 16,076 | [
"Natural materials",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
19,200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20biology | Molecular biology is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
Though cells and other microscopic structures had been observed in living organisms as early as the 18th cent... | Molecular biology | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 5,023 | [
"Cell biology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Geometry",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Applied geometry"
] |
19,446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20resonance%20imaging | Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to form images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-ray... | Magnetic resonance imaging | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 6,765 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Magnetic resonance imaging",
"Biomagnetics",
"Cryogenics"
] |
19,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical%20engineering | Mechanical engineering is the study of physical machines that may involve force and movement. It is an engineering branch that combines engineering physics and mathematics principles with materials science, to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest of the eng... | Mechanical engineering | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 6,793 | [
"Design engineering",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical designers",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
19,559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics | Mechanics () is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects. Forces applied to objects may result in displacements, which are changes of an object's position relative to its environment.
Theoretical expositions of this branch of physics has its origins ... | Mechanics | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,762 | [
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
19,737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s%20equations | Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits.
The equations provide a mathematical model for electric, optical, and ... | Maxwell's equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 6,907 | [
"Electromagnetism",
"Physical phenomena",
"Equations of physics",
"Functions of space and time",
"Eponymous equations of physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Scientific laws",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Spacetime",
"Maxwell's equations"
] |
19,830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann%20distribution | In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, or Maxwell(ian) distribution, is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.
It was first defined and used for describing particle speeds in idealized gases, where the particles move... | Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,676 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Phases of matter",
"Gases",
"Matter"
] |
19,833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastability | In chemistry and physics, metastability is an intermediate energetic state within a dynamical system other than the system's state of least energy.
A ball resting in a hollow on a slope is a simple example of metastability. If the ball is only slightly pushed, it will settle back into its hollow, but a stronger push ma... | Metastability | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,223 | [
"Mechanics",
"nan",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
19,836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20mass | The molecular mass () is the mass of a given molecule. Units of daltons (Da) are often used. Different molecules of the same compound may have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element. The derived quantity relative molecular mass is the unitless ratio of the mass of a molecule to... | Molecular mass | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,649 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Stoichiometry",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Size",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
19,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic%20bonding | Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions... | Metallic bonding | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 3,964 | [
"nan",
"Chemical bonding",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Metals"
] |
19,870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson | In particle physics, a meson () is a type of hadronic subatomic particle composed of an equal number of quarks and antiquarks, usually one of each, bound together by the strong interaction. Because mesons are composed of quark subparticles, they have a meaningful physical size, a diameter of roughly one femtometre (10 ... | Meson | [
"Physics"
] | 4,728 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Matter",
"Force carriers",
"Hadrons",
"Bosons",
"Fundamental interactions",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
19,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology | Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not begin until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the fie... | Meteorology | [
"Physics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 8,461 | [
"Oceanography",
"Hydrology",
"Meteorology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics"
] |
19,916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium | Meitnerium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature, but can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 4.5 seconds, although the unconfirmed meitnerium-28... | Meitnerium | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,557 | [
"Chemical elements",
"Synthetic materials",
"Synthetic elements",
"Radioactivity",
"Atoms",
"Matter"
] |
19,951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure%20measurement | Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per unit of surface area. Many techniques have been developed for the measurement of pressure and vacuum. Instruments used to measure and display pressure mechanically ar... | Pressure measurement | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 11,413 | [
"Pressure gauges",
"Vacuum",
"Matter",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
19,957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maser | A maser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves (microwaves), through amplification by stimulated emission. The term is an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Nikolay Basov, Alexander Prokhorov and Joseph Weber introduced the concept of the maser in 1952, and Charle... | Maser | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,224 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices"
] |
20,051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%20number | The Mach number (M or Ma), often only Mach, (; ) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound.
It is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.
where:
is the local Mach number,
is the local flow velocity with ... | Mach number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,136 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Airspeed",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
20,306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole%20fraction | In chemistry, the mole fraction or molar fraction, also called mole proportion or molar proportion, is a quantity defined as the ratio between the amount of a constituent substance, ni (expressed in unit of moles, symbol mol), and the total amount of all constituents in a mixture, ntot (also expressed in moles):
It is... | Mole fraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,071 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Dimensionless quantities of chemistry",
"Dimensionless quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of chemistry"
] |
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