id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,349,343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantorovich%20theorem | The Kantorovich theorem, or Newton–Kantorovich theorem, is a mathematical statement on the semi-local convergence of Newton's method. It was first stated by Leonid Kantorovich in 1948. It is similar to the form of the Banach fixed-point theorem, although it states existence and uniqueness of a zero rather than a fixed ... | Kantorovich theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 608 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical analysis",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Computational mathematics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Numerical analysis",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Approximations"
] |
10,354,629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProSavin | ProSavin is an experimental drug believed to be of use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is administered to the striatum in the brain, inducing production of dopamine.
It is manufactured by Oxford BioMedica. Results from a Phase I/II clinical trial were published in the Lancet and showed safety, but little e... | ProSavin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 195 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs"
] |
10,355,069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyclic%20space | In mathematics, an acyclic space is a nonempty topological space X in which cycles are always boundaries, in the sense of homology theory. This implies that integral homology groups in all dimensions of X are isomorphic to the corresponding homology groups of a point.
In other words, using the idea of reduced homology... | Acyclic space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 629 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Algebraic topology"
] |
10,356,246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20atomic%20weight | The standard atomic weight of a chemical element (symbol Ar°(E) for element "E") is the weighted arithmetic mean of the relative isotopic masses of all isotopes of that element weighted by each isotope's abundance on Earth. For example, isotope 63Cu (Ar = 62.929) constitutes 69% of the copper on Earth, the rest being ... | Standard atomic weight | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,895 | [
"Periodic table",
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Stoichiometry",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Chemical quantities",
"Amount of substance",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
10,356,765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsiveness | Responsiveness as a concept of computer science refers to the specific ability of a system or functional unit to complete assigned tasks within a given time. For example, it would refer to the ability of an artificial intelligence system to understand and carry out its tasks in a timely fashion.
In the Reactive princi... | Responsiveness | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 891 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Computer architecture",
"Computer engineering",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Computer systems",
"Computer science",
"Computers"
] |
10,358,680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oparin%20Medal | The Oparin/Urey Medal honours important contributions to the field of origins of life. The medal is awarded by the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL). The award was originally named for Alexander Ivanovich Oparin, one of the pioneers in researching the origins of life. In 1993, the Societ... | Oparin Medal | [
"Biology"
] | 124 | [
"Biological hypotheses",
"Origin of life"
] |
10,359,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missense%20mRNA | Missense mRNA is a messenger RNA bearing one or more mutated codons that yield polypeptides with an amino acid sequence different from the wild-type or naturally occurring polypeptide. Missense mRNA molecules are created when template DNA strands or the mRNA strands themselves undergo a missense mutation in which a pr... | Missense mRNA | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 813 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
10,360,813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaway%20electrons | The term runaway electrons (RE) is used to denote electrons that undergo free fall acceleration into the realm of relativistic particles. REs may be classified as thermal (lower energy) or relativistic. The study of runaway electrons is thought to be fundamental to our understanding of High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. ... | Runaway electrons | [
"Physics"
] | 421 | [
"Particle physics"
] |
18,400,581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelating%20resin | Chelating resins are a class of ion-exchange resins. They are almost always used to bind cations, and utilize chelating agents covalently attached to a polymer matrix. Chelating resins have the same bead form and polymer matrix as usual ion exchangers. Their main use is for pre-concentration of metal ions in a dilute s... | Chelating resin | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 682 | [
"Resins",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Polymer chemistry",
"nan",
"Chelating agents",
"Polymers",
"Amorphous solids",
"Process chemicals"
] |
18,401,357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20clay | Light clay (also light straw clay, light clay straw, slipstraw) is a natural building material used to infill between a wooden frame in a timber framed building using a combination of clay and straw, woodchips or some other lighter material.
History
A mixture of clay and straw was used as an infill material for timber... | Light clay | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 281 | [
"Sustainable building",
"Natural materials",
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Matter"
] |
18,404,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutation%20theorem%20for%20traces | In mathematics, a commutation theorem for traces explicitly identifies the commutant of a specific von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space in the presence of a trace.
The first such result was proved by Francis Joseph Murray and John von Neumann in the 1930s and applies to the von Neumann algebra generated by ... | Commutation theorem for traces | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,618 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis",
"Ergodic theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
18,404,729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Aspects%20of%20Life | Quantum Aspects of Life, a book published in 2008 with a foreword by Roger Penrose, explores the open question of the role of quantum mechanics at molecular scales of relevance to biology. The book contains chapters written by various world-experts from a 2003 symposium and includes two debates from 2003 to 2004; givin... | Quantum Aspects of Life | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Biology"
] | 748 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mathematical and theoretical biology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Biophysics",
"nan",
"Quantum biology"
] |
22,085,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyakov%20formula | In differential geometry and mathematical physics (especially string theory), the Polyakov formula expresses the conformal variation of the zeta functional determinant of a Riemannian manifold. Proposed by Alexander Markovich Polyakov this formula arose in the study of the quantum theory of strings. The corresponding d... | Polyakov formula | [
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 113 | [
"String theory",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Geometry",
"Geometry stubs"
] |
22,086,557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping%20berth | A sleeping berth is a bed or sleeping accommodation on vehicles. Space accommodations have contributed to certain common design elements of berths.
Beds in boats or ships
While beds on large ships are little different from those on shore, the lack of space on smaller yachts means that bunks must be fit in wherever p... | Sleeping berth | [
"Biology"
] | 1,061 | [
"Beds",
"Behavior",
"Sleep"
] |
22,090,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovista%20nigrescens | Bovista nigrescens, commonly referred to as the brown puffball or black bovist, is an edible cream white or brown puffball. Phylogenetic relationships between Bovista nigrescens and species of Lycoperdaceae were established based on ITS and LSU sequence data from north European taxa.
Description
The fruit body of Bovi... | Bovista nigrescens | [
"Biology"
] | 386 | [
"Fungi",
"Fungus species"
] |
22,092,654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomap%20%28neuroscience%29 | The Protomap is a primordial molecular map of the functional areas of the mammalian cerebral cortex during early embryonic development, at a stage when neural stem cells are still the dominant cell type. The protomap is a feature of the ventricular zone, which contains the principal cortical progenitor cells, known as ... | Protomap (neuroscience) | [
"Biology"
] | 352 | [
"Neuroscience"
] |
1,811,568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacker%20process | The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) refers to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of palladium(II) chloride and copper(II) chloride as the catalyst. This chemical reaction was one of the first homogeneous catalysis with organopalla... | Wacker process | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,810 | [
"Catalysis",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Homogeneous catalysis",
"Organometallic chemistry"
] |
1,812,188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective%20overshoot | Convective overshoot is a phenomenon of convection carrying material beyond an unstable region of the atmosphere into a stratified, stable region. Overshoot is caused by the momentum of the convecting material, which carries the material beyond the unstable region.
Deep, moist convection in Earth's atmosphere
One ex... | Convective overshoot | [
"Physics"
] | 451 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Stellar phenomena",
"Solar phenomena"
] |
1,812,809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorandom%20generator | In theoretical computer science and cryptography, a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string such that no statistical test in the class can distinguish between the output of the generator and the uniform distributi... | Pseudorandom generator | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,791 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Cryptography",
"Cybersecurity engineering"
] |
1,813,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20entropy%20probability%20distribution | In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of a specified class of probability distributions. According to the principle of maximum entropy, if nothing is known about a distribution except that it belongs to a certa... | Maximum entropy probability distribution | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,870 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Particle statistics",
"Entropy and information",
"Entropy",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,813,514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-fall%20time | The free-fall time is the characteristic time that would take a body to collapse under its own gravitational attraction, if no other forces existed to oppose the collapse. As such, it plays a fundamental role in setting the timescale for a wide variety of astrophysical processes—from star formation to helioseismology t... | Free-fall time | [
"Physics"
] | 905 | [
"Celestial mechanics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Astrophysics"
] |
1,813,863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonelline | Trigonelline is an alkaloid with chemical formula . It is a zwitterion formed by the methylation of the nitrogen atom of niacin (vitamin B3). Trigonelline is a product of niacin metabolism that is excreted in the urine of mammals.
Trigonelline occurs in many plants. It has been isolated from the Japanese radish (Rapha... | Trigonelline | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 526 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Matter",
"Coffee chemistry",
"Natural products",
"Organic compounds",
"Zwitterions",
"Ions",
"Food chemistry",
"Alkaloids"
] |
1,814,410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20collision | A Coulomb collision is a binary elastic collision between two charged particles interacting through their own electric field. As with any inverse-square law, the resulting trajectories of the colliding particles is a hyperbolic Keplerian orbit. This type of collision is common in plasmas where the typical kinetic energ... | Coulomb collision | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,211 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Scattering",
"Particle physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,814,652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius%20algebra | In mathematics, especially in the fields of representation theory and module theory, a Frobenius algebra is a finite-dimensional unital associative algebra with a special kind of bilinear form which gives the algebras particularly nice duality theories. Frobenius algebras began to be studied in the 1930s by Richard Br... | Frobenius algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,933 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebras",
"Monoidal categories",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Module theory",
"Algebraic structures"
] |
1,814,905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancing%20lake | A balancing lake (also flood basin ) is a term used in the U.K. describing a retention basin used to control flooding by temporarily storing flood waters. The term balancing pond is also used, though typically for smaller storage facilities for streams and brooks.
In open countryside, heavy rainfall soaks into the g... | Balancing lake | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 960 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Water pollution",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Civil engineering",
"Environmental engineering",
"Hydraulic engineering"
] |
1,816,139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target%20costing | Target costing is an approach to determine a product's life-cycle cost which should be sufficient to develop specified functionality and quality, while ensuring its desired profit. It involves setting a target cost by subtracting a desired profit margin from a competitive market price. A target cost is the maximum amou... | Target costing | [
"Engineering"
] | 3,060 | [
"Design",
"Lean manufacturing",
"Design for X"
] |
12,674,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius%20plot | In chemical kinetics, an Arrhenius plot displays the logarithm of a reaction rate constant, ordinate axis) plotted against reciprocal of the temperature abscissa). Arrhenius plots are often used to analyze the effect of temperature on the rates of chemical reactions. For a single rate-limited thermally activated proc... | Arrhenius plot | [
"Chemistry"
] | 661 | [
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
12,677,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville%27s%20equation | For Liouville's equation in dynamical systems, see Liouville's theorem (Hamiltonian).
For Liouville's equation in quantum mechanics, see Von Neumann equation.
For Liouville's equation in Euclidean space, see Liouville–Bratu–Gelfand equation.
In differential geometry, Liouville's equation, named after Joseph Liouvill... | Liouville's equation | [
"Mathematics"
] | 556 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations"
] |
17,218,394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulston%20score | The Sulston score is an equation used in DNA mapping to numerically assess the likelihood that a given "fingerprint" similarity between two DNA clones is merely a result of chance. Used as such, it is a test of statistical significance. That is, low values imply that similarity is significant, suggesting that two DNA c... | Sulston score | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,241 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Applied mathematics",
"Biological engineering",
"Mathematical and theoretical biology"
] |
20,592,740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DO-160 | DO-160, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment is a standard for the environmental testing of avionics hardware. It is published by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) and supersedes DO-138.
Outline of contents
Introduction
The DO-160 document was first published on Febr... | DO-160 | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 855 | [
"Reliability engineering",
"Electronic design",
"Avionics",
"Electronic engineering",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Environmental testing",
"Design"
] |
20,593,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP2K | CP2K is a freely available (GPL) quantum chemistry and solid state physics program package, written in Fortran 2008, to perform atomistic simulations of solid state, liquid, molecular, periodic, material, crystal, and biological systems. It provides a general framework for different methods: density functional theory (... | CP2K | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 482 | [
"Molecular dynamics software",
"Molecular modelling software",
"Free chemistry software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Chemistry software",
"Computational physics",
"Molecular modelling",
"Computational chemistry",
"Molecular dynamics",
"Density functional theory software",
"Chemistry so... |
20,593,858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20vapor%20pressure | True vapor pressure (TVP) is a common measure of the volatility of petroleum distillate fuels. It is defined as the
equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a volatile organic liquid as a function of temperature as determined by the test method ASTM D 2879.
The true vapor pressure (TVP) at 100 °F differs slightly from... | True vapor pressure | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 206 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Engineering thermodynamics",
"Petroleum technology",
"Thermodynamics",
"Oil refining",
"nan",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Physical chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs"
] |
20,595,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sales%20process%20engineering | Sales process engineering is the systematic design of sales processes done in order to make sales more effective and efficient.
It can be applied in functions including sales, marketing, and customer service.
History
As early as 1900–1915, advocates of scientific management, such as Frederick Winslow Taylor and Harl... | Sales process engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 512 | [
"Process engineering",
"Mechanical engineering by discipline"
] |
20,596,619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20and%20Tissue%20Research | Cell and Tissue Research presents regular articles and reviews in the areas of molecular, cell, stem cell biology and tissue engineering. In particular, the journal provides a forum for publishing data that analyze the supracellular, integrative actions of gene products and their impact on the formation of tissue struc... | Cell and Tissue Research | [
"Chemistry"
] | 326 | [
"Molecular and cellular biology journals",
"Molecular biology"
] |
20,596,852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFUPM%20Program%20of%20Industrial%20and%20Systems%20Engineering | The Industrial & Systems Engineering Program offers a Bachelor of Science degree in industrial engineering at the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. With a total of 133 credit hours, the program covers the major areas of industrial engineering, such as operations resear... | KFUPM Program of Industrial and Systems Engineering | [
"Engineering"
] | 268 | [
"Industrial engineering"
] |
20,598,041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest%20organisms | This article lists the largest organisms for various types of life and mostly considers extant species, which found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even genome size. Some organisms group together to form a superorganism (such... | Largest organisms | [
"Biology"
] | 1,765 | [
"Largest organisms",
"Organism size"
] |
20,598,535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS%20Vaccine%20Advocacy%20Coalition | AVAC is a New York City-based international non-profit community- and consumer-based organization working to accelerate ethical development and delivery of AIDS vaccines and other HIV prevention options to populations throughout the world. Founded in 1995, AVAC uses public education, policy analysis, advocacy and Commu... | AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition | [
"Chemistry"
] | 238 | [
"HIV vaccine research",
"Drug discovery"
] |
20,598,932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20space | In mathematics, Hilbert spaces (named after David Hilbert) allow the methods of linear algebra and calculus to be generalized from (finite-dimensional) Euclidean vector spaces to spaces that may be infinite-dimensional. Hilbert spaces arise naturally and frequently in mathematics and physics, typically as function spac... | Hilbert space | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 13,221 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Linear algebra",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Algebra"
] |
20,600,093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich%20theory | Sandwich theory describes the behaviour of a beam, plate, or shell which consists of three layers—two facesheets and one core. The most commonly used sandwich theory is linear and is an extension of first-order beam theory. The linear sandwich theory is of importance for the design and analysis of sandwich panels, wh... | Sandwich theory | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 2,722 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Composite materials",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Civil engineering",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Matter"
] |
20,603,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine%20trifluoride | Iodine trifluoride is an interhalogen compound with the chemical formula IF3. It is a yellow solid which decomposes above −28 °C. It can be synthesised from the elements, but care must be taken to avoid the formation of IF5.
Reactions
F2 reacts with I2 to yield IF3 at −45 °C in CCl3F. Alternatively, at low temperatu... | Iodine trifluoride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 176 | [
"Interhalogen compounds",
"Fluorides",
"Oxidizing agents",
"Salts"
] |
20,604,577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion%20dispersion | An emulsion dispersion is thermoplastics or elastomers suspended in a liquid state by means of emulsifiers.
Preparation
Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable liquid/liquid dispersions that are stabilized.
Emulsion dispersion is not about reactor blends for which one polymer is polymerized from its monomer in the p... | Emulsion dispersion | [
"Chemistry"
] | 421 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Surface science",
"Colloids"
] |
20,604,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive%20Order%2013128 | Executive Order 13128 is a United States executive order (EO) issued by Bill Clinton in 1999. It authorized the Departments of State and Commerce to create regulations regarding the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Background
The United States Senate ratified U.S. participation in the Chemical Weapon... | Executive Order 13128 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 425 | [
"Chemical weapons demilitarization",
"Chemical weapons"
] |
15,482,602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomalous%20photovoltaic%20effect | The anomalous photovoltaic effect (APE) is a type of a photovoltaic effect which occurs in certain semiconductors and insulators. The "anomalous" refers to those cases where the photovoltage (i.e., the open-circuit voltage caused by the light) is larger than the band gap of the corresponding semiconductor. In some case... | Anomalous photovoltaic effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 2,427 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
15,483,838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20determinacy%20theorem | In descriptive set theory, the Borel determinacy theorem states that any Gale–Stewart game whose payoff set is a Borel set is determined, meaning that one of the two players will have a winning strategy for the game. A Gale–Stewart game is a possibly infinite two-player game, where both players have perfect information... | Borel determinacy theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,166 | [
"Mathematical theorems",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Game theory",
"Determinacy",
"Mathematical problems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
15,488,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstine%20theorem | In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Goldstine theorem, named after Herman Goldstine, is stated as follows:
Goldstine theorem. Let be a Banach space, then the image of the closed unit ball under the canonical embedding into the closed unit ball of the bidual space is a weak*-dense subset.
The conc... | Goldstine theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 342 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in functional analysis"
] |
8,014,489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixmaster%20universe | The Mixmaster universe (named after Sunbeam Mixmaster, a brand of Sunbeam Products electric kitchen mixer) is a solution to Einstein field equations of general relativity studied by Charles Misner in 1969 in an effort to better understand the dynamics of the early universe. He hoped to solve the horizon problem in a na... | Mixmaster universe | [
"Mathematics"
] | 706 | [
"Exact solutions in general relativity",
"Functions and mappings",
"Mathematical objects",
"Equations",
"Mathematical relations",
"Chaotic maps",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
8,019,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20response | A functional response in ecology is the intake rate of a consumer as a function of food density (the amount of food available in a given ecotope). It is associated with the numerical response, which is the reproduction rate of a consumer as a function of food density. Following C. S. Holling, functional responses are g... | Functional response | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,113 | [
"Environmental social science",
"Systems ecology"
] |
8,023,439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-shock%20body | Anti-shock body is the name given by Richard T. Whitcomb to a pod positioned on the upper surface of a wing. Its purpose is to reduce wave drag while travelling at transonic speeds (Mach 0.8–1.0), which includes the typical cruising range of conventional jet airliners. The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary defines shock b... | Anti-shock body | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 598 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
3,452,035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20string%20theory | In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory. Topological string theory appeared in papers by theoretical physicists, such as Edward Witten and Cumrun Vafa, by analogy with Witten's earlier idea of topological quantum field theory.
Overview
There are two main versions of topological... | Topological string theory | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,526 | [
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"String theory",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
3,452,586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C5-Diazabicyclo%284.3.0%29non-5-ene | 1,5-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) is a chemical compound with the formula CHN. It is an amidine base used in organic synthesis. A related compound with related functions is 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The relatively complex nature of the formal names for DBU and DBN (hence the common use of acrony... | 1,5-Diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non-5-ene | [
"Chemistry"
] | 325 | [
"Non-nucleophilic bases",
"Amidines",
"Functional groups",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Bases (chemistry)"
] |
3,452,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazone%20iodination | Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU. First published by Derek Barton in 1962 the reaction is sometimes referred to as the Barton reaction (although there are many different Barton reactions) or, m... | Hydrazone iodination | [
"Chemistry"
] | 705 | [
"Olefination reactions",
"Hydrazones",
"Functional groups",
"Organic reactions"
] |
3,452,853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agomelatine | Agomelatine, sold under the brand names Valdoxan and Thymanax, among others, is an atypical antidepressant most commonly used to treat major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. One review found that it is as effective as other antidepressants with similar discontinuation rates overall but fewer discon... | Agomelatine | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,028 | [
"Melatonin receptor agonists",
"Drug discovery"
] |
3,452,885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl%20halide | In organic chemistry, a vinyl halide is a compound with the formula CH2=CHX (X = halide). The term vinyl is often used to describe any alkenyl group. For this reason, alkenyl halides with the formula RCH=CHX are sometimes called vinyl halides. From the perspective of applications, the dominant member of this class of c... | Vinyl halide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 324 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Functional groups",
"Organohalides"
] |
2,511,080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarded%20time | In electromagnetism, an electromagnetic wave (light) in vacuum travels at a finite speed (the speed of light c). The retarded time is the propagation delay between emission and observation, since it takes time for information to travel between emitter and observer. This arises due to causality.
Retarded and advanced t... | Retarded time | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 505 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Time",
"Electromagnetic radiation",
"Quantity",
"Radiation",
"Spacetime",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
2,511,424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietoris%E2%80%93Begle%20mapping%20theorem | The Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem is a result in the mathematical field of algebraic topology. It is named for Leopold Vietoris and Edward G. Begle. The statement of the theorem, below, is as formulated by Stephen Smale.
Theorem
Let and be compact metric spaces, and let be surjective and continuous. Suppose that t... | Vietoris–Begle mapping theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 241 | [
"Topology stubs",
"Topology",
"Theorems in algebraic topology",
"Theorems in topology"
] |
2,511,505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message%20in%20a%20bottle | A message in a bottle (abbrev. MIB) is a form of communication in which a message is sealed in a container (typically a bottle) and released into a conveyance medium (typically a body of water).
Messages in bottles have been used to send distress messages; in crowdsourced scientific studies of ocean currents; as memor... | Message in a bottle | [
"Physics"
] | 6,064 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical oceanography"
] |
2,512,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28statistics%29 | In probability theory and statistics, coherence can have several different meanings. Coherence in statistics is an indication of the quality of the information, either within a single data set, or between similar but not identical data sets. Fully coherent data are logically consistent and can be reliably combined for ... | Coherence (statistics) | [
"Physics"
] | 323 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
2,514,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein | Nucleoproteins are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA). Typical nucleoproteins include ribosomes, nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid proteins.
Structures
Nucleoproteins tend to be positively charged, facilitating interaction with the negatively charged nucleic acid chains. The tertiary struct... | Nucleoprotein | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,446 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Proteins",
"Molecular biology"
] |
2,514,694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Transverse%20Mercator%20coordinate%20system | The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid. H... | Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,997 | [
"Geographic coordinate systems",
"Applied mathematics",
"Geodesy",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
10,361,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20Hecke%20algebra | In mathematics, an affine Hecke algebra is the algebra associated to an affine Weyl group, and can be used to prove Macdonald's constant term conjecture for Macdonald polynomials.
Definition
Let be a Euclidean space of a finite dimension and an affine root system on . An affine Hecke algebra is a certain associativ... | Affine Hecke algebra | [
"Mathematics"
] | 216 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Algebras",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic structures",
"Representation theory"
] |
10,364,657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreset | In computational geometry, a coreset is a small set of points that approximates the shape of a larger point set, in the sense that applying some geometric measure to the two sets (such as their minimum bounding box volume) results in approximately equal numbers. Many natural geometric optimization problems have coreset... | Coreset | [
"Mathematics"
] | 190 | [
"Computational geometry",
"Computational mathematics"
] |
10,367,166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrometry | Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters. The etymology of the term hydrometry is from () 'water' + () 'measure'.
Hydrometrics is a topic in applied science and engine... | Hydrometry | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 178 | [
"Hydrology",
"Hydrology stubs",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,373,988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204261 | NGC 4261 is an elliptical galaxy located around 100 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered April 13, 1784, by the German-born astronomer William Herschel. The galaxy is a member of its own somewhat meager galaxy group known as the NGC 4261 group, which is part of the Virgo Cluster.
The ... | NGC 4261 | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 370 | [
"Black holes",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Supermassive black holes",
"Virgo (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
10,375,543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LLT%20polynomial | In mathematics, an LLT polynomial is one of a family of symmetric functions introduced as q-analogues of products of Schur functions.
J. Haglund, M. Haiman, and N. Loehr showed how to expand Macdonald polynomials in terms of LLT polynomials. Ian Grojnowski and Mark Haiman proved a positivity conjecture for LLT polynom... | LLT polynomial | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 258 | [
"Algebra",
"Polynomials",
"Combinatorics",
"Symmetric functions",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Algebraic combinatorics",
"Q-analogs",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,645,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth-209 | Bismuth-209 (Bi) is an isotope of bismuth, with the longest known half-life of any radioisotope that undergoes α-decay (alpha decay). It has 83 protons and a magic number of 126 neutrons, and an atomic mass of 208.9803987 amu (atomic mass units). Primordial bismuth consists entirely of this isotope.
Decay properties
B... | Bismuth-209 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 992 | [
"Isotopes of bismuth",
"Isotopes"
] |
4,647,025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Electro%20Chemical%20Research%20Institute | Central Electro Chemical Research Institute is one of a chain of forty national laboratories under the aegis of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in New Delhi. Founded on 25 July 1948 at Karaikudi in Tamil Nadu, CECRI came into existence in January 1953.
Regional Centres
CECRI Chennai Unit, CSIR... | Central Electro Chemical Research Institute | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 164 | [
"Metallurgical industry in India",
"Materials science organizations",
"Chemical research institutes",
"Materials science institutes",
"Metallurgical industry by country",
"Chemistry organization stubs"
] |
4,649,063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromechanics | Micromechanics (or, more precisely, micromechanics of materials) is the analysis of heterogeneous materials including of composite, and anisotropic and orthotropic materials on the level of the individual constituents that constitute them and their interactions.
Aims of micromechanics of materials
Heterogeneous mate... | Micromechanics | [
"Physics"
] | 1,753 | [
"Materials",
"Composite materials",
"Matter"
] |
4,649,186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finery%20forge | A finery forge is a forge used to produce wrought iron from pig iron by decarburization in a process called "fining" which involved liquifying cast iron in a fining hearth and removing carbon from the molten cast iron through oxidation. Finery forges were used as early as the 3rd century BC in China. The finery forge p... | Finery forge | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,023 | [
"Metallurgical processes",
"Steelmaking",
"Metallurgy"
] |
4,649,290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorosilicate%20glass | Fluorosilicate glass (FSG) is a glass material composed primarily of fluorine, silicon and oxygen. It has a number of uses in industry and manufacturing, especially in semiconductor fabrication where it forms an insulating dielectric. The related fluorosilicate glass-ceramics have good mechanical and chemical propertie... | Fluorosilicate glass | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 406 | [
"Biomaterials",
"Glass chemistry",
"Integrated circuits",
"Computer engineering",
"Glass compositions",
"Biotechnology stubs",
"Materials",
"Medical technology stubs",
"Matter",
"Medical technology"
] |
4,649,353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrullination | Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline. Citrulline is not one of the 20 standard amino acids encoded by DNA in the genetic code. Instead, it is the result of a post-translational modification. Citrullination is distinct from the formation o... | Citrullination | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,783 | [
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Post-translational modification",
"Structural biology",
"Protein structure"
] |
4,649,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewrap | Housewrap (or house wrap), also known by the genericized trademark homewrap (or home wrap), generally denotes a modern synthetic material used to protect buildings. Housewrap functions as a weather-resistant barrier, preventing rain or other forms of moisture from getting into the wall assembly while allowing water vap... | Housewrap | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 495 | [
"Building engineering",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Building materials",
"Matter",
"Architecture"
] |
4,649,761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated%20monodromy%20group | In geometric group theory and dynamical systems the iterated monodromy group of a covering map is a group describing the monodromy action of the fundamental group on all iterations of the covering. A single covering map between spaces is therefore used to create a tower of coverings, by placing the covering over itself... | Iterated monodromy group | [
"Physics"
] | 508 | [
"Geometric group theory",
"Group actions",
"Symmetry"
] |
4,652,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusible%20plug | A fusible plug is a threaded cylinder of metal, usually bronze, brass or gunmetal, with a tapered hole drilled completely through its length. This hole is sealed with a metal of low melting point that flows away if a predetermined high temperature is reached. The initial use of the fusible plug was as a safety precauti... | Fusible plug | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,890 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Chemical equipment",
"Physical systems",
"Hydraulics",
"Pressure vessels"
] |
4,653,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strehl%20ratio | The Strehl ratio is a measure of the quality of optical image formation, originally proposed by Karl Strehl, after whom the term is named. Used variously in situations where optical resolution is compromised due to lens aberrations or due to imaging through the turbulent atmosphere, the Strehl ratio has a value between... | Strehl ratio | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,230 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Metrics",
"Engineering ratios",
"Quantity",
"Optical quantities"
] |
18,414,743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment%20control | A sediment control is a practice or device designed to keep eroded soil on a construction site, so that it does not wash off and cause water pollution to a nearby stream, river, lake, or sea. Sediment controls are usually employed together with erosion controls, which are designed to prevent or minimize erosion and thu... | Sediment control | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,199 | [
"Water treatment",
"Stormwater management",
"Water pollution",
"Construction",
"Environmental soil science"
] |
18,416,144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20F.%20Johnson | Neil Fraser Johnson (born 1961) is an English physicist who is notable for his work in complexity theory and complex systems, spanning quantum information, econophysics, and condensed matter physics. He is currently Professor of Physics at George Washington University in Washington D.C. where he heads up a new initiati... | Neil F. Johnson | [
"Physics"
] | 497 | [
"Quantum physicists",
"Quantum mechanics"
] |
19,416,576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian%20Register%20of%20Shipping | Croatian Register of Shipping (), also known as CRS, is an independent classification society established in 1949. It is a non-profit organisation working on the marine market, developing technical rules and supervising their implementation, managing risk and performing surveys on ships. The Society's head office is in... | Croatian Register of Shipping | [
"Engineering"
] | 759 | [
"Marine engineering organizations",
"Ship classification societies"
] |
6,091,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C40H56 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C40H56}}
The molecular formula C40H56 (molar mass: 536.87 g/mol) may refer to:
Carotenes
α-Carotene
β-Carotene
γ-Carotene
δ-Carotene
ε-Carotene
Lycopene
Molecular formulas | C40H56 | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 73 | [
"Molecules",
"Set index articles on molecular formulas",
"Isomerism",
"Molecular formulas",
"Matter"
] |
240,568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93strain%20curve | In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the... | Stress–strain curve | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,683 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Structural analysis",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Physical properties"
] |
240,693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20microscope%20project | The Virtual Microscope project is an initiative to make micromorphology and behavior of some small organisms available online. Images are from Antarctica and the Baltic Sea are available at no cost. Images are offered in higher magnification or lower resolution. Varieties of images offer can include scanning electron m... | Virtual microscope project | [
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 123 | [
"Microscopes",
"Measuring instruments",
"Microscopy"
] |
240,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor%20necrosis%20factor | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), formerly known as TNF-α, is a chemical messenger produced by the immune system that induces inflammation. TNF is produced primarily by activated macrophages, and induces inflammation by binding to its receptors on other cells. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, a famil... | Tumor necrosis factor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 7,451 | [
"Cytokines",
"Signal transduction"
] |
240,850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20silencing | Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer ... | Gene silencing | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,429 | [
"Gene expression",
"Biochemical reactions",
"Post-translational modification",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
240,935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN1%20reaction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:SN1 reaction}}
The unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry. The Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism expresses two properties—"SN" stands for "nucleophilic substitution", and the "1" says that the rate-determining step is unimolecular. Thus,... | SN1 reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,133 | [
"Reaction mechanisms",
"Chemical kinetics",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
240,949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovnikov%27s%20rule | In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions. The rule was formulated by Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov in 1870.
Explanation
The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX or other polar reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydr... | Markovnikov's rule | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,232 | [
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
240,972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20hole | In general relativity, a white hole is a hypothetical region of spacetime and singularity that cannot be entered from the outside, although energy-matter, light and information can escape from it. In this sense, it is the reverse of a black hole, from which energy-matter, light and information cannot escape. White hole... | White hole | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 3,325 | [
"Black holes",
"Astronomical hypotheses",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astronomical myths",
"Astrophysics",
"General relativity",
"White holes",
"Hypothetical astronomical objects",
"Theory of relativity",
"Astronomical objects",
"Astronomical sub-disciplines"
] |
240,986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymercuration%20reaction | In organic chemistry, the oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction that transforms an alkene () into a neutral alcohol. In oxymercuration, the alkene reacts with mercuric acetate () in aqueous solution to yield the addition of an acetoxymercury () group and a hydroxy () group across the double bond... | Oxymercuration reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,494 | [
"Carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
241,017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic%20receptor | The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) antagonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are u... | Adrenergic receptor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,855 | [
"G protein-coupled receptors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
241,026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20quark | The up quark or u quark (symbol: u) is the lightest of all quarks, a type of elementary particle, and a significant constituent of matter. It, along with the down quark, forms the neutrons (one up quark, two down quarks) and protons (two up quarks, one down quark) of atomic nuclei. It is part of the first generation of... | Up quark | [
"Physics"
] | 723 | [
"Elementary particles",
"Subatomic particles",
"Matter"
] |
241,029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20quark | The top quark, sometimes also referred to as the truth quark, (symbol: t) is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It derives its mass from its coupling to the Higgs field. This coupling is very close to unity; in the Standard Model of particle physics, it is the largest (strongest) coupling at the sc... | Top quark | [
"Physics"
] | 3,157 | [
"Standard Model",
"Matter",
"Elementary particles",
"Particle physics",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
241,223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s%20ratio | In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading. The value of Poisson's ratio is the negative of the ratio of transverse strain to axial... | Poisson's ratio | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 3,072 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Solid mechanics",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Mechanical quantities",
"Elasticity (physics)",
"Deformation (mechanics)",
"Quantity",
"Materials science",
"Arithmetic",
"Mechanics",
"nan",
"Physical properties",
"Ratios"
] |
241,431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp%20Z-transform | The chirp Z-transform (CZT) is a generalization of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). While the DFT samples the Z plane at uniformly-spaced points along the unit circle, the chirp Z-transform samples along spiral arcs in the Z-plane, corresponding to straight lines in the S plane. The DFT, real DFT, and zoom DFT c... | Chirp Z-transform | [
"Physics"
] | 1,604 | [
"Frequency-domain analysis",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Time–frequency analysis"
] |
241,510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%20phenomenon | The term phi phenomenon is used in a narrow sense for an apparent motion that is observed if two nearby optical stimuli are presented in alternation with a relatively high frequency. In contrast to beta movement, seen at lower frequencies, the stimuli themselves do not appear to move. Instead, a diffuse, amorphous shad... | Phi phenomenon | [
"Physics"
] | 2,318 | [
"Optical phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Optical illusions"
] |
241,649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear%20implant | A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted neuroprosthesis that provides a person who has moderate-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss with sound perception. With the help of therapy, cochlear implants may allow for improved speech understanding in both quiet and noisy environments. A CI bypasses acoustic hea... | Cochlear implant | [
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 6,073 | [
"Bionics",
"Medical technology",
"Medical devices",
"Artificial organs"
] |
242,001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20chemistry | Nuclear chemistry is the sub-field of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, and transformations in the nuclei of atoms, such as nuclear transmutation and nuclear properties.
It is the chemistry of radioactive elements such as the actinides, radium and radon together with the chemistry associated wit... | Nuclear chemistry | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 5,798 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
242,006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%20rate | The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time. Reaction rates can vary dramatically. For example, the oxidative rus... | Reaction rate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 3,217 | [
"Temporal quantities",
"Chemical reaction engineering",
"Physical quantities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Temporal rates",
"Chemical kinetics"
] |
242,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleocosmochronology | Nucleocosmochronology, or nuclear cosmochronology, is a technique used to determine timescales for astrophysical objects and events based on observed ratios of radioactive heavy elements and their decay products. It is similar in many respects to radiometric dating, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectivel... | Nucleocosmochronology | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 598 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astrophysics",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
22,103,184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHS%20hazard%20statements | Hazard statements form part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). They are intended to form a set of standardized phrases about the hazards of chemical substances and mixtures that can be translated into different languages. As such, they serve the same purpose as the wel... | GHS hazard statements | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,448 | [
"Globally Harmonized System"
] |
22,103,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goss%20zeta%20function | In the field of mathematics, the Goss zeta function, named after David Goss, is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function for function fields. proved that it satisfies an analogue of the Riemann hypothesis. proved results for a higher-dimensional generalization of the Goss zeta function.
References
Zeta and L-functi... | Goss zeta function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 69 | [
"Algebra stubs",
"Algebra"
] |
1,206,461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChorusOS | ChorusOS is a microkernel real-time operating system designed as a message passing computing model. ChorusOS began as the Chorus distributed real-time operating system research project at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA) in 1979. During the 1980s, Chorus was one of two earlie... | ChorusOS | [
"Technology"
] | 379 | [
"Real-time computing",
"Real-time operating systems"
] |
1,206,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro%20pitting | Micro pitting is a fatigue failure of the surface of a material commonly seen in rolling bearings and gears.
It is also known as grey staining, micro spalling or frosting.
Pitting and micropitting
The difference between pitting and micropitting is the size of the pits after surface fatigue. Pits formed by micropitting... | Micro pitting | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 395 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Metallurgy",
"Materials science",
"Corrosion",
"Electrochemistry",
"Electrochemistry stubs",
"Materials degradation",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Chemical process stubs"
] |
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