id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,206,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20X-ray%20absorption%20fine%20structure | Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), along with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), is a subset of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Like other absorption spectroscopies, XAS techniques follow Beer's law. The X-ray absorption coefficient of a material as a function of energy is obtained by dir... | Extended X-ray absorption fine structure | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,759 | [
"X-ray absorption spectroscopy",
"Materials science",
"Laboratory techniques in condensed matter physics"
] |
1,207,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larch%20Prover | The Larch Prover, or LP for short, is an interactive theorem proving system for multi-sorted first-order logic. It was used at MIT and elsewhere during the 1990s to reason about designs for circuits, concurrent algorithms, hardware, and software.
Unlike most theorem provers, which attempt to find proofs automatical... | Larch Prover | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,510 | [
"Theorem proving software systems",
"Automated theorem proving",
"Mathematical software"
] |
1,207,207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%E2%80%93Parks%20effect | In condensed matter physics, the Little–Parks effect was discovered in 1962 by William A. Little and Ronald D. Parks in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinders subjected to a parallel magnetic field. It was one of the first experiments to indicate the importance of Cooper-pairing principle in B... | Little–Parks effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,036 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Phases of matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Matter"
] |
1,208,420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-body%20problem | In physics, specifically classical mechanics, the three-body problem is to take the initial positions and velocities (or momenta) of three point masses that orbit each other in space and calculate their subsequent trajectories using Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.
Unlike the two-bod... | Three-body problem | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,993 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical objects",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Mathematical relations",
"Equations of astronomy",
"Chaotic maps",
"Mathematical physics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,208,872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%27s%20source%20coding%20theorem | In information theory, Shannon's source coding theorem (or noiseless coding theorem) establishes the statistical limits to possible data compression for data whose source is an independent identically-distributed random variable, and the operational meaning of the Shannon entropy.
Named after Claude Shannon, the sourc... | Shannon's source coding theorem | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,289 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Coding theory",
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory",
"Mathematical problems",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Mathematical theorems in theoretical computer science"
] |
1,209,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20flux | In electromagnetism, electric flux is the total electric field that crosses a given surface. The electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the total charge contained within that surface.
The electric field E can exert a force on an electric charge at any point in space. The electric field is the gradient of ... | Electric flux | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 585 | [
"Quantity",
"Electromagnetic quantities",
"Physical quantities"
] |
1,209,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wnt%20signaling%20pathway | In cellular biology, the Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors. The name Wnt, pronounced "wint", is a portmanteau created from the names Wingless and Int-1. Wnt signaling pathways use either nearby cell-c... | Wnt signaling pathway | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,991 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
1,209,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIDO%20%28nuclear%20reactor%29 | DIDO was a materials testing nuclear reactor at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom. It used enriched uranium metal fuel, and heavy water as both neutron moderator and primary coolant. There was also a graphite neutron reflector surrounding the core. In the design phas... | DIDO (nuclear reactor) | [
"Physics"
] | 311 | [
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,209,759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20difference%20learning | Temporal difference (TD) learning refers to a class of model-free reinforcement learning methods which learn by bootstrapping from the current estimate of the value function. These methods sample from the environment, like Monte Carlo methods, and perform updates based on current estimates, like dynamic programming met... | Temporal difference learning | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,009 | [
"Sign (mathematics)",
"Subtraction"
] |
1,209,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depaneling | Depaneling or depanelization is a process step in high-volume electronics assembly production. In order to increase the throughput of printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing and surface mount (SMT) lines, PCBs are often arranged in a process called panelization so that they consist of many smaller individual PCBs tha... | Depaneling | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,442 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Printed circuit board manufacturing"
] |
443,415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelogram%20of%20force | The parallelogram of forces is a method for solving (or visualizing) the results of applying two forces to an object.
When more than two forces are involved, the geometry is no longer a parallelogram, but the same principles apply to a polygon of forces.
The resultant force due to the application of a number of force... | Parallelogram of force | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 883 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Classical mechanics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
443,757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20quantum%20field%20theory | In gauge theory and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory that computes topological invariants.
While TQFTs were invented by physicists, they are also of mathematical interest, being related to, among other things, knot theory and the t... | Topological quantum field theory | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,181 | [
"Quantum field theory",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Topology",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime"
] |
444,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal%20membrane%20oxygenation | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is a form of extracorporeal life support, providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of oxygen, gas exchange or blood supply (perfusion) to sustain life. The technology for ECMO is largely deri... | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 4,363 | [
"Medical technology",
"Membrane technology",
"Medical equipment",
"Separation processes"
] |
445,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution%20refrigerator | A 3He/4He dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region. The cooling power is provided by the heat of mixing of the helium-3 and helium-4 isotopes.
The dilution refrigerator was first proposed by Heinz L... | Dilution refrigerator | [
"Physics"
] | 1,616 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Cryogenics"
] |
445,637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection%20high-energy%20electron%20diffraction | Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials. RHEED systems gather information only from the surface layer of the sample, which distinguishes RHEED from other materials characterization methods that also rely on diffraction of high-energy e... | Reflection high-energy electron diffraction | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,616 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Electron spectroscopy",
"Materials science",
"Measuring instruments",
"Crystallography",
"Diffraction",
"Condensed matter physics",
"X-ray spectroscopy",
"Spectroscopy"
] |
12,680,031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activating%20protein%202 | Activating Protein 2 (AP-2) is a family of closely related transcription factors which plays a critical role in regulating gene expression during early development.
References
External links
Gene expression
Transcription factors | Activating protein 2 | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 39 | [
"Gene expression",
"Signal transduction",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Induced stem cells",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry",
"Transcription factors"
] |
12,681,282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internalnet | An internalnet is a computer network composed of devices inside and on the human body. Such a system could be used to link nanochondria, bionic implants, wearable computers, and other devices.
See also
Nanomedicine
Personal area network
External links
PC Magazine definition
Smart computing
Bionics
Computer networks ... | Internalnet | [
"Technology",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 73 | [
"Computing stubs",
"Bionics",
"Computer network stubs"
] |
12,683,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic%20instability | Elastic instability is a form of instability occurring in elastic systems, such as buckling of beams and plates subject to large compressive loads.
There are a lot of ways to study this kind of instability. One of them is to use the method of incremental deformations based on superposing a small perturbation on an equ... | Elastic instability | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 700 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Continuum mechanics",
"Structural analysis",
"Classical mechanics",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering"
] |
12,687,690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal%20and%20poloidal | In magnetic confinement fusion the zonal direction primarily connotes the poloidal direction (i.e. the short way around the torus), the corresponding coordinate being denoted by y in the slab approximation or θ in magnetic coordinates. However, in the fusion context, usage is restricted to the context of zonal plasma f... | Zonal and poloidal | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 154 | [
"Plasma physics",
"Topology",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Space",
"Geometry",
"Spacetime",
"Orientation (geometry)"
] |
12,688,342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonal%20flow%20%28plasma%29 | In toroidally confined fusion plasma experiments the term zonal flow means a plasma flow within a magnetic surface primarily in the poloidal direction. This usage is inspired by the analogy between the quasi-two-dimensional nature of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic flows, where zonal means latitudinal, and the simi... | Zonal flow (plasma) | [
"Physics"
] | 243 | [
"Plasma phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Plasma physics stubs",
"Plasma physics"
] |
17,229,545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic%20Rare%20Event%20Search%20with%20Superconducting%20Thermometers | The Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers (CRESST) is a collaboration of European experimental particle physics groups involved in the construction of cryogenic detectors for direct dark matter searches. The participating institutes are the Max Planck Institute for Physics (Munich), Technical Un... | Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers | [
"Physics"
] | 668 | [
"Dark matter",
"Experiments for dark matter search",
"Unsolved problems in physics"
] |
15,494,156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20Journal%20of%20Selected%20Topics%20in%20Quantum%20Electronics | The IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Photonics Society. It covers research on quantum electronics. The editor-in-chief is José Capmany (Universitat Politècnica de València). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal... | IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics | [
"Physics"
] | 116 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum physics stubs"
] |
15,495,670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Star%20%28Australia%29 | Green Star is a voluntary sustainability rating system for buildings in Australia. It was launched in 2003 by the Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA).
The Green Star rating system assesses the sustainability of projects at all stages of the built environment life cycle. Ratings can be achieved at the planning ... | Green Star (Australia) | [
"Engineering"
] | 822 | [
"Building engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Architecture"
] |
15,497,991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BELBIC | In recent years, the use of biologically inspired methods such as the evolutionary algorithm have been increasingly employed to solve and analyze complex computational problems. BELBIC (Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller) is one such controller which is proposed by Caro Lucas, Danial Shahmirzadi and ... | BELBIC | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,490 | [
"Control engineering"
] |
15,499,236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hydrodynamic%20instabilities%20named%20after%20people | This is a list of hydrodynamic and plasma instabilities named after people (eponymous instabilities).
See also
Eponym
List of fluid flows named after people
Instability
Hydrodynamic stability
Scientific phenomena named after people
References
Chandrashekhar, S., Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, Dover... | List of hydrodynamic instabilities named after people | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 124 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Fluid dynamic instabilities",
"Chemical engineering",
"Plasma phenomena",
"Plasma instabilities",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
15,500,383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20separator | A sand separator is a device that separates sand or other solids from water.
One version of sand separator utilizes centrifugal force to separate sand or other heavy particles out of the water. The separated material drops down into a tank or reservoir where it can be removed later or in the case of in-well separator... | Sand separator | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 213 | [
"Water filters",
"Water treatment",
"Filters",
"Civil engineering",
"Civil engineering stubs"
] |
20,606,232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquet%E2%80%93Langlands%20correspondence | In mathematics, the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence is a correspondence between automorphic forms on GL2 and its twisted forms, proved by in their book Automorphic Forms on GL(2) using the Selberg trace formula. It was one of the first examples of the Langlands philosophy that maps between L-groups should induce map... | Jacquet–Langlands correspondence | [
"Mathematics"
] | 252 | [
"Theorems in mathematical analysis",
"Theorems in harmonic analysis"
] |
20,606,961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20lithography | Computational lithography (also known as computational scaling) is the set of mathematical and algorithmic approaches designed to improve the resolution attainable through photolithography. Computational lithography came to the forefront of photolithography technologies in 2008 when the semiconductor industry faced cha... | Computational lithography | [
"Materials_science",
"Technology"
] | 1,678 | [
"Computational fields of study",
"Microtechnology",
"Computing and society",
"Nanotechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
20,607,372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20dark%20matter | Light dark matter, in astronomy and cosmology, are dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPS) candidates with masses less than 1 GeV (i.e., a mass similar to or less than a neutron or proton). These particles are heavier than warm dark matter and hot dark matter, but are lighter than the traditional forms... | Light dark matter | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,171 | [
"Dark matter",
"Unsolved problems in astronomy",
"Concepts in astronomy",
"Astroparticle physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Particle physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Matter"
] |
20,607,517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaguchi%20esterification | The Yamaguchi esterification is the chemical reaction of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoyl chloride (TCBC, Yamaguchi reagent) to form a mixed anhydride which, upon reaction with an alcohol in the presence of stoichiometric amount of DMAP, produces the desired ester. It was first reported by Masaru... | Yamaguchi esterification | [
"Chemistry"
] | 373 | [
"Esterification reactions",
"Coupling reactions",
"Organic reactions",
"Name reactions",
"Carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions",
"Condensation reactions"
] |
20,610,136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive%20system | The reproductive system of an organism, also known as the genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids, hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system. Unlike most organ syste... | Reproductive system | [
"Biology"
] | 3,115 | [
"Behavior",
"Reproductive system",
"Endocrine system",
"Sex",
"Reproduction",
"Organ systems"
] |
20,612,358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen%20silsesquioxane | Hydrogen silsesquioxane(s) (HSQ, H-SiOx, THn, H-resin) are inorganic compounds with the empirical formula [HSiO3/2]n. The cubic H8Si8O12 (TH8) is used as the visual representation for HSQ. TH8, TH10, TH12, and TH14 have been characterized by elemental analysis, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), IR spectrosc... | Hydrogen silsesquioxane | [
"Physics"
] | 489 | [
"Materials stubs",
"Materials",
"Optical materials",
"Matter"
] |
20,614,850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry%20%28journal%29 | Biochemistry is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of biochemistry. Founded in 1962, the journal is now published weekly by the American Chemical Society, with 51 or 52 annual issues. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.9.
The previous editor-in-chief was Ric... | Biochemistry (journal) | [
"Chemistry"
] | 140 | [
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry journals",
"Biochemistry literature",
"Biochemistry journal stubs"
] |
747,591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kammback | A Kammback—also known as a Kamm tail or K-tail—is an automotive styling feature wherein the rear of the car slopes downwards before being abruptly cut off with a vertical or near-vertical surface. A Kammback reduces aerodynamic drag, thus improving efficiency and reducing fuel consumption, while maintaining a practical... | Kammback | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,467 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
748,047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20barrier | A radiant barrier is a type of building material that reflects thermal radiation and reduces heat transfer. Because thermal energy is also transferred by conduction and convection, in addition to radiation, radiant barriers are often supplemented with thermal insulation that slows down heat transfer by conduction or co... | Radiant barrier | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 3,503 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Structural engineering",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Structural system",
"Materials",
"Thermodynamics",
"Roofs",
"Matter"
] |
749,012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20source | A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.
A current source is the dual of a voltage source. The term current sink is sometimes used for sources fed from a negative voltage supply. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbol for an idea... | Current source | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,039 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Analog circuits",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electric current",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
750,326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20group | In mathematics, a compact (topological) group is a topological group whose topology realizes it as a compact topological space (when an element of the group is operated on, the result is also within the group). Compact groups are a natural generalization of finite groups with the discrete topology and have properties t... | Compact group | [
"Mathematics"
] | 4,263 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Algebraic structures",
"Topological groups"
] |
750,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrodynamics | In theoretical physics, geometrodynamics is an attempt to describe spacetime and associated phenomena completely in terms of geometry. Technically, its goal is to unify the fundamental forces and reformulate general relativity as a configuration space of three-metrics, modulo three-dimensional diffeomorphisms. The ori... | Geometrodynamics | [
"Physics"
] | 1,756 | [
"Theoretical physics",
"Theories of gravity"
] |
751,115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic%20prominence | In topography, prominence or relative height (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it. It is a measure of the indepe... | Topographic prominence | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,690 | [
"Vertical extent",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Size",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
751,413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20River%20Aqueduct | The Colorado River Aqueduct, or CRA, is a water conveyance in Southern California in the United States, operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The aqueduct impounds water from the Colorado River at Lake Havasu on the California–Arizona border, west across the Mojave and Colorado deserts to... | Colorado River Aqueduct | [
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,076 | [
"Hydrology",
"Civil engineering",
"Interbasin transfer",
"Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks"
] |
3,454,072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20gene | A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein). A term derived from the lac operon, structural genes are typically viewed as those containing sequences of DNA corresponding to the amino acids of a protein that will be produced, as long as s... | Structural gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,304 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
3,454,720 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulator%20gene | In genetics, a regulator gene, regulator, or regulatory gene is a gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes. Regulatory sequences, which encode regulatory genes, are often at the five prime end (5') to the start site of transcription of the gene they regulate. In addition, these sequences ... | Regulator gene | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,241 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
22,105,918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological%20constant%20problem | In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory.
Depending on the Planck... | Cosmological constant problem | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,702 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Particle physics",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
22,108,748 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippo%20signaling%20pathway | The Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo (SWH) pathway, is a signaling pathway that controls organ size in animals through the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The pathway takes its name from one of its key signaling components—the protein kinase Hippo (Hpo). Mutations in this ... | Hippo signaling pathway | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 2,235 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
8,028,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic%20evolution%20of%20ligands%20by%20exponential%20enrichment | Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), also referred to as in vitro selection or in vitro evolution, is a combinatorial chemistry technique in molecular biology for producing oligonucleotides of either single-stranded DNA or RNA that specifically bind to a target ligand or ligands. These sin... | Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 3,184 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Biochemistry",
"Genetic engineering",
"Molecular biology"
] |
8,030,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatic%20barrier | A pneumatic barrier is a method to contain oil spills. It is also called a bubble curtain. Air bubbling through a perforated pipe causes an upward water flow that slows the spread of oil. It can also be used to stop fish from entering polluted water. A further application of the pneumatic barrier is to decrease the sal... | Pneumatic barrier | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 626 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
8,031,252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic-controlled%20release%20oral%20delivery%20system | The osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS) is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semi-permeable outer membrane and one or more small laser drilled holes in it. As the tablet passes through the body, water is absorbed through the semipermeable me... | Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,042 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Life sciences industry",
"Pharmacokinetics",
"Pharmaceutical industry",
"Drug delivery devices",
"Medicinal chemistry"
] |
8,031,769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlaams%20Instituut%20voor%20Biotechnologie | VIB is a research institute located in Flanders, Belgium. It was founded by the Flemish government in 1995, and became a full-fledged institute on 1 January 1996. The main objective of VIB is to strengthen the excellence of Flemish life sciences research and to turn the results into new economic growth. VIB spends almo... | Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 997 | [
"Bioinformatics",
"Bioinformatics organizations",
"Molecular biology organizations",
"Molecular biology"
] |
8,032,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline%20and%20diesel%20usage%20and%20pricing | The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation or subsidy, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded worldwide, the trade prices are s... | Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 3,570 | [
"Energy economics",
"Environmental social science"
] |
8,033,091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-metal | A half-metal is any substance that acts as a conductor to electrons of one spin orientation, but as an insulator or semiconductor to those of the opposite orientation. Although all half-metals are ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic), most ferromagnets are not half-metals. Many of the known examples of half-metals are oxid... | Half-metal | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 435 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Metals",
"Spintronics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Condensed matter stubs"
] |
8,034,347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle%20engineering | Life-cycle engineering (LCE) is a sustainability-oriented engineering methodology that takes into account the comprehensive technical, environmental, and economic impacts of decisions within the product life cycle. Alternatively, it can be defined as "sustainability-oriented product development activities within the sc... | Life-cycle engineering | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,557 | [
"Industrial ecology",
"Industrial engineering",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
10,377,480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion%20splicing | Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers end-to-end. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The source... | Fusion splicing | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 178 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Glass production"
] |
19,425,312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric%20hydrogenation | Asymmetric hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds two atoms of hydrogen to a target (substrate) molecule with three-dimensional spatial selectivity. Critically, this selectivity does not come from the target molecule itself, but from other reagents or catalysts present in the reaction. This allows spatial info... | Asymmetric hydrogenation | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 5,074 | [
"Green chemistry",
"Asymmetry",
"Chemical engineering",
"Environmental chemistry",
"Organic reactions",
"Chemical processes",
"nan",
"Hydrogenation",
"Chemical process engineering",
"Symmetry"
] |
19,426,859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth%20Waterworks%20Company | The Lambeth Waterworks Company was a utility company supplying water to parts of south London in England. The company was established in 1785 with works in north Lambeth and became part of the publicly owned Metropolitan Water Board in 1904.
Origins
The Lambeth Waterworks Company, founded by the (25 Geo. 3. c. 89) t... | Lambeth Waterworks Company | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 536 | [
"Hydrology",
"Water supply",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
18,419,244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadoteridol | Gadoteridol (INN) is a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent, used particularly in the imaging of the central nervous system. It is sold under the brand name ProHance. Gadoteridol was first approved for use in the United States in 1992.
References
Organogadolinium compounds
MRI contrast agents | Gadoteridol | [
"Chemistry"
] | 69 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Pharmacology stubs"
] |
18,419,320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITPR2 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 2, also known as ITPR2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ITPR2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is both a receptor for inositol triphosphate and a calcium channel.
See also
Inositol trisphosphate receptor
References
Further reading
External links
... | ITPR2 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 84 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,419,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryanodine%20receptor%203 | Ryanodine receptor 3 is one of a class of ryanodine receptors and a protein that in humans is encoded by the RYR3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is both a calcium channel and a receptor for the plant alkaloid ryanodine. RYR3 and RYR1 control the resting calcium ion concentration in skeletal muscle.
See also
... | Ryanodine receptor 3 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 93 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,419,544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPCN1 | Two pore segment channel 1 (TPC1) is a human protein encoded by the TPCN1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an ion channel. In contrast to other calcium and sodium channels which have four homologous domains, each containing six transmembrane segments (S1 to S6), TPCN1 only contains two domains (each containi... | TPCN1 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 217 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,419,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNK7 | Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 7, also known as KCNK7 or K2P7.1 is a protein which is encoded in humans by the KCNK7 gene. K2P7.1 is a potassium channel containing two pore-forming P domains. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Function
This gene encodes ... | KCNK7 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 139 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,419,910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNK16 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK16 gene. The protein encoded by this gene, K2P16.1, is a potassium channel containing two pore-forming P domains.
See also
Tandem pore domain potassium channel
References
Further reading
External links
Ion channels | KCNK16 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 65 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,419,911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNK18 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 (KCNK18), also known as TWIK-related spinal cord potassium channel (TRESK) or K2P18.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK18 gene. K2P18.1 is a potassium channel containing two pore-forming P domains.
A flaw in this gene could help trigger migraine headaches. If th... | KCNK18 | [
"Chemistry"
] | 124 | [
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels"
] |
18,420,709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraspecies | A paraspecies (a paraphyletic species) is a species, living or fossil, that gave rise to one or more daughter species without itself becoming extinct. Geographically widespread species that have given rise to one or more daughter species as peripheral isolates without themselves becoming extinct (i.e. through peripatri... | Paraspecies | [
"Biology"
] | 275 | [
"Evolutionary biology"
] |
18,421,531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision%20engineering | Precision engineering is a subdiscipline of electrical engineering, software engineering, electronics engineering, mechanical engineering, and optical engineering concerned with designing machines, fixtures, and other structures that have exceptionally low tolerances, are repeatable, and are stable over time. These app... | Precision engineering | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 386 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
18,421,631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius%20of%20curvature | In differential geometry, the radius of curvature, , is the reciprocal of the curvature. For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or combinations thereof.
Defini... | Radius of curvature | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 979 | [
"Geometric measurement",
"Physical quantities",
"Calculus",
"Theoretical physics",
"Integral calculus",
"Multivariable calculus",
"Curvature (mathematics)"
] |
18,422,596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20moment%20method | In mathematics, the second moment method is a technique used in probability theory and analysis to show that a random variable has positive probability of being positive. More generally, the "moment method" consists of bounding the probability that a random variable fluctuates far from its mean, by using its moments.
... | Second moment method | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 963 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Moments (mathematics)",
"Physical quantities",
"Theorems in probability theory",
"Probabilistic inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Moment (physics)"
] |
18,422,886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvaricin | Uvaricin is a bis(tetrahydrofuranoid) fatty acid lactone that was first isolated in 1982 from the roots of the Annonaceae Uvaria acuminata. Uvaricin was the first known example in a class of compounds known as acetogenins. Acetogenins, which are found in plants of the family Annonaceae, seem to kill cells by inhibiting... | Uvaricin | [
"Chemistry"
] | 147 | [
"Biomolecules by chemical classification",
"Lipid biochemistry",
"Natural products",
"Polyketides",
"Lipid metabolism",
"Metabolism"
] |
18,424,177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength%20selective%20switching | Wavelength selective switching components are used in WDM optical communications networks to route (switch) signals between optical fibres on a per-wavelength basis.
What is a WSS
A WSS comprises a switching array that operates on light that has been dispersed in wavelength without the requirement that the dispersed ... | Wavelength selective switching | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,984 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Optical devices"
] |
18,426,062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured%20ASIC%20platform | Structured ASIC is an intermediate technology between ASIC and FPGA, offering high performance, a characteristic of ASIC, and low NRE cost, a characteristic of FPGA.
Using Structured ASIC allows products to be introduced quickly to market, to have lower cost and to be designed with ease.
In a FPGA, interconnects and l... | Structured ASIC platform | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 735 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Application-specific integrated circuits",
"Electronic circuits",
"Computer engineering"
] |
6,100,843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallographic%20Information%20File | Crystallographic Information File (CIF) is a standard text file format for representing crystallographic information, promulgated by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). CIF was developed by the IUCr Working Party on Crystallographic Information in an effort sponsored by the IUCr Commission on Crystallogr... | Crystallographic Information File | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 258 | [
"Chemistry software",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Chemical file formats"
] |
6,101,309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantities%20of%20information | The mathematical theory of information is based on probability theory and statistics, and measures information with several quantities of information. The choice of logarithmic base in the following formulae determines the unit of information entropy that is used. The most common unit of information is the bit, or mo... | Quantities of information | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,394 | [
"Telecommunications engineering",
"Applied mathematics",
"Computer science",
"Information theory"
] |
6,106,797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20carrier%20density | Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m−3. As with any density, in principle it can depend on position. However, usually carrier concentration is given as a single number, and represents the average carrier density o... | Charge carrier density | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 963 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Charge carriers",
"Quantity",
"Mass",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Density",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities",
"Matter"
] |
4,655,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20boiling%20and%20freezing%20information%20of%20solvents |
See also
Freezing-point depression
Boiling-point elevation
References
Chemistry-related lists
Phase transitions
Phases of matter | List of boiling and freezing information of solvents | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 22 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"nan",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
4,656,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Hubbard%20model | The Bose–Hubbard model gives a description of the physics of interacting spinless bosons on a lattice. It is closely related to the Hubbard model that originated in solid-state physics as an approximate description of superconducting systems and the motion of electrons between the atoms of a crystalline solid. The mode... | Bose–Hubbard model | [
"Physics"
] | 2,285 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum lattice models"
] |
4,658,070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Superconductor | American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) is an American energy technologies company headquartered in Ayer, Massachusetts. The firm specializes in using superconductors for the development of diverse power systems, including but not limited to superconducting wire. Moreover, AMSC employs superconductors in the constru... | American Superconductor | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 912 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
15,504,805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indexing%20%28motion%29 | Indexing in reference to motion is moving (or being moved) into a new position or location quickly and easily but also precisely. When indexing a machine part, its new location is known to within a few hundredths of a millimeter (thousandths of an inch), or often even to within a few thousandths of a millimeter (ten-th... | Indexing (motion) | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 921 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
15,505,098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding%20coefficient | In medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, a binding coefficient is a quantity representing the extent to which a chemical compound will bind to a macromolecule. The preferential binding coefficient can be derived from the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory of solutions. Preferential binding is defined as a thermodynamic expr... | Binding coefficient | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 132 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Biochemistry stubs",
"Medicinal chemistry",
"nan",
"Biochemistry",
"Pharmacology stubs"
] |
15,509,033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacid | Photoacids are molecules that become more acidic upon absorption of light. Either the light causes a photodissociation to produce a strong acid, or the light causes photoassociation (such as a ring forming reaction) that leads to an increased acidity and dissociation of a proton.
There are two main types of molecules... | Photoacid | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 632 | [
"Light-sensitive chemicals",
"Acids",
"Microtechnology",
"Materials science",
"Light reactions",
"nan",
"Nanotechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
17,234,513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSIF | DSIF (DRB Sensitivity Inducing Factor) is a protein complex that can either negatively or positively affect transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). It can interact with the negative elongation factor (NELF) to promote the stalling of Pol II at some genes, which is called promoter proximal pausing. The pause occurs... | DSIF | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 351 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
17,234,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture%20%28mineralogy%29 | In the field of mineralogy, fracture is the texture and shape of a rock's surface formed when a mineral is fractured. Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification.
Fracture differs from cleavage in that the latter involves clean splitting along the clea... | Fracture (mineralogy) | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 444 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Materials degradation",
"Materials science",
"Fracture mechanics"
] |
17,235,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20elongation%20factor | In molecular biology, the NELF (negative elongation factor) is a four-subunit protein complex (NELF-A, NELF-B, NELF-C/NELF-D, and NELF-E) that negatively impacts transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) by pausing about 20-60 nucleotides downstream from the transcription start site (TSS).
Structure
The NELF has fo... | Negative elongation factor | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 811 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
17,238,630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-try%20Metropolis | Multiple-try Metropolis (MTM) is a sampling method that is a modified form of the Metropolis–Hastings method, first presented by Liu, Liang, and Wong in 2000.
It is designed to help the sampling trajectory converge faster,
by increasing both the step size and the acceptance rate.
Background
Problems with Metropolis–H... | Multiple-try Metropolis | [
"Physics"
] | 974 | [
"Monte Carlo methods",
"Computational physics"
] |
1,818,265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20fluid | A quantum fluid refers to any system that exhibits quantum mechanical effects at the macroscopic level such as superfluids, superconductors, ultracold atoms, etc. Typically, quantum fluids arise in situations where both quantum mechanical effects and quantum statistical effects are significant.
Most matter is either s... | Quantum fluid | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 519 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter"
] |
1,818,270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian%20vector%20field | In mathematics and physics, a Hamiltonian vector field on a symplectic manifold is a vector field defined for any energy function or Hamiltonian. Named after the physicist and mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton, a Hamiltonian vector field is a geometric manifestation of Hamilton's equations in classical mechanics... | Hamiltonian vector field | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 776 | [
"Hamiltonian mechanics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Classical mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,818,980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danburite | Danburite is a calcium boron silicate mineral with a chemical formula of CaB2(SiO4)2.
It has a Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5 and a specific gravity of 3.0. The mineral has an orthorhombic crystal form. It is usually colourless, like quartz, but can also be either pale yellow or yellowish-brown. It typically occurs in cont... | Danburite | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 237 | [
"Luminescence",
"Luminescent minerals",
"Materials",
"Gemstones",
"Matter"
] |
1,820,902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroelectric%20fusion | Pyroelectric fusion refers to the technique of using pyroelectric crystals to generate high strength electrostatic fields to accelerate deuterium ions (tritium might also be used someday) into a metal hydride target also containing deuterium (or tritium) with sufficient kinetic energy to cause these ions to undergo nuc... | Pyroelectric fusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,227 | [
"Nuclear fusion",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
1,821,411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond-like%20carbon | Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a class of amorphous carbon material that displays some of the typical properties of diamond. DLC is usually applied as coatings to other materials that could benefit from such properties.
DLC exists in seven different forms. All seven contain significant amounts of sp3 hybridized carbon a... | Diamond-like carbon | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics"
] | 4,171 | [
"Allotropes of carbon",
"Thin film deposition",
"Allotropes",
"Coatings",
"Thin films",
"Materials",
"Superhard materials",
"Planes (geometry)",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
12,690,112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KASCADE | KASCADE was a European physics experiment started in 1996 at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany (now Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), an extensive air shower experiment array to study the cosmic ray primary composition and the hadronic interactions, measuring simultaneously the electronic, muonic and hadronic co... | KASCADE | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 466 | [
"Astronomy stubs",
"Astrophysics",
"Astrophysics stubs",
"Particle physics",
"Particle physics stubs"
] |
12,691,877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20function%20of%20a%20matrix | In mathematics, every analytic function can be used for defining a matrix function that maps square matrices with complex entries to square matrices of the same size.
This is used for defining the exponential of a matrix, which is involved in the closed-form solution of systems of linear differential equations.
Exten... | Analytic function of a matrix | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,220 | [
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
12,693,432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet%20quenching | In high-energy physics, jet quenching is a phenomenon that can occur in the collision of ultra-high-energy particles. In general, the collision of high-energy particles can produce jets of elementary particles that emerge from these collisions. Collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion particle beams create a hot and ... | Jet quenching | [
"Physics"
] | 610 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Experimental physics",
"Particle physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
12,694,871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodolactonization | Iodolactonization (or, more generally, halolactonization) is an organic reaction that forms a ring (the lactone) by the addition of an oxygen and iodine across a carbon-carbon double bond. It is an intramolecular variant of the halohydrin synthesis reaction. The reaction was first reported by M. J. Bougalt in 1904 and ... | Iodolactonization | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,190 | [
"Ring forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
2,515,660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20polar%20stereographic%20coordinate%20system | The universal polar stereographic (UPS) coordinate system is used in conjunction with the universal transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system to locate positions on the surface of the Earth. Like the UTM coordinate system, the UPS coordinate system uses a metric-based cartesian grid laid out on a conformally projecte... | Universal polar stereographic coordinate system | [
"Mathematics"
] | 548 | [
"Geographic coordinate systems",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
2,515,701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper%28I%29%20thiophene-2-carboxylate | Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate or CuTC is a coordination complex derived from copper and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. It is used as a reagent to promote the Ullmann reaction between aryl halides.
References
Thiophenes
Copper(I) compounds
Reagents for organic chemistry | Copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate | [
"Chemistry"
] | 78 | [
"Reagents for organic chemistry"
] |
2,515,784 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime%20shift | Regime shifts are large, abrupt, persistent changes in the structure and function of ecosystems, the climate, financial systems or other complex systems. A regime is a characteristic behaviour of a system which is maintained by mutually reinforced processes or feedbacks. Regimes are considered persistent relative to th... | Regime shift | [
"Biology"
] | 3,345 | [
"Ecology"
] |
2,515,807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20stability | In mathematics, structural stability is a fundamental property of a dynamical system which means that the qualitative behavior of the trajectories is unaffected by small perturbations (to be exact C1-small perturbations).
Examples of such qualitative properties are numbers of fixed points and periodic orbits (but not ... | Structural stability | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,681 | [
"Stability theory",
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,516,966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphor%20thermometry | Phosphor thermometry is an optical method for surface temperature measurement. The method exploits luminescence emitted by phosphor material. Phosphors are fine white or pastel-colored inorganic powders which may be stimulated by any of a variety of means to luminesce, i.e. emit light. Certain characteristics of the em... | Phosphor thermometry | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,495 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Measuring instruments",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Thermometers"
] |
2,517,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme%20multiplied%20immunoassay%20technique | Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) is a common method for qualitative and quantitative determination of therapeutic and recreational drugs and certain proteins in serum and urine.
It is an immunoassay in which a drug or metabolite in the sample competes with a drug/metabolite labelled with an enzyme, to bi... | Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique | [
"Chemistry"
] | 423 | [
"Blood tests",
"Chemical pathology"
] |
2,518,272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroacoustics | Aeroacoustics is a branch of acoustics that studies noise generation via either turbulent fluid motion or aerodynamic forces interacting with surfaces. Noise generation can also be associated with periodically varying flows. A notable example of this phenomenon is the Aeolian tones produced by wind blowing over fixed ... | Aeroacoustics | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,453 | [
"Chemical engineering",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics",
"Aerodynamics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,518,328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbrand%27s%20theorem | Herbrand's theorem is a fundamental result of mathematical logic obtained by Jacques Herbrand (1930). It essentially allows a certain kind of reduction of first-order logic to propositional logic. Herbrand's theorem is the logical foundation for most automatic theorem provers. Although Herbrand originally proved his th... | Herbrand's theorem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 748 | [
"Proof theory",
"Foundations of mathematics",
"Mathematical logic",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Theorems in the foundations of mathematics"
] |
2,518,584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescaler | A prescaler is an electronic counting circuit used to reduce a high frequency electrical signal to a lower frequency by integer division. The prescaler takes the basic timer clock frequency (which may be the CPU clock frequency or may be some higher or lower frequency) and divides it by some value before feeding it to ... | Prescaler | [
"Engineering"
] | 479 | [
"Electronic engineering",
"Electronic circuits"
] |
2,520,153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20ultrasonics | Laser-ultrasonics uses lasers to generate and detect ultrasonic waves. It is a non-contact technique used to measure materials thickness, detect flaws and carry out materials characterization. The basic components of a laser-ultrasonic system are a generation laser, a detection laser and a detector.
Ultrasound generat... | Laser ultrasonics | [
"Physics",
"Materials_science"
] | 2,361 | [
"Nondestructive testing",
"Materials testing",
"Classical mechanics",
"Acoustics"
] |
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