id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 32 168 | text stringlengths 7 145k | source stringlengths 2 105 | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 32.2k | subcategories listlengths 0 27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,521,046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20induction%20decay | In Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, free induction decay (FID) is the observable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal generated by non-equilibrium nuclear spin magnetization precessing about the magnetic field (conventionally along z). This non-equilibrium magnetization can be created gener... | Free induction decay | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 398 | [
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"Nuclear magnetic resonance stubs",
"Nuclear physics"
] |
20,616,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%E2%80%93Matano%20analysis | The Boltzmann–Matano method is used to convert the partial differential equation resulting from Fick's law of diffusion into a more easily solved ordinary differential equation, which can then be applied to calculate the diffusion coefficient as a function of concentration.
Ludwig Boltzmann worked on Fick's second law... | Boltzmann–Matano analysis | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,326 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Physical phenomena",
"Diffusion"
] |
20,616,573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genwi | GENWI is a privately held technology company based in San Jose, CA that provides a mobile content enablement platform. GENWI is short for "Generation Wireless".
History
GENWI was a free web-based news reader, or aggregator, initially released in March 2007. Genwi provided a news feed service by enabling users to pub... | Genwi | [
"Technology"
] | 323 | [
"nan"
] |
22,115,338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional%20Calculus%20and%20Applied%20Analysis | Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Walter de Gruyter. It covers research on fractional calculus, special functions, integral transforms, and some closely related areas of applied analysis.
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded... | Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 159 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Mathematical analysis journals"
] |
22,116,598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHS%20precautionary%20statements | Precautionary statements form part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). They are intended to form a set of standardized phrases giving advice about the correct handling of chemical substances and mixtures, which can be translated into different languages. As such, they s... | GHS precautionary statements | [
"Chemistry"
] | 389 | [
"Globally Harmonized System"
] |
22,122,235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topology%20control | Topology control is a technique used in distributed computing to alter the underlying network (modeled as a graph) to reduce the cost of distributed algorithms if run over the resulting graphs. It is a basic technique in distributed algorithms. For instance, a (minimum) spanning tree is used as a backbone to reduce the... | Topology control | [
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,233 | [
"Network topology",
"Wireless networking",
"Topology",
"Wireless sensor network"
] |
22,122,416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20transition | The glass–liquid transition, or glass transition, is the gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle "glassy" state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased. An amorphous solid that exhibits... | Glass transition | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 5,091 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Cryobiology",
"Threshold temperatures",
"Materials science",
"Glass physics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Polymer chemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Ma... |
22,124,452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Infeld%E2%80%93Hoffmann%20equations | The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations of motion, jointly derived by Albert Einstein, Leopold Infeld and Banesh Hoffmann, are the differential equations describing the approximate dynamics of a system of point-like masses due to their mutual gravitational interactions, including general relativistic effects. It uses a ... | Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 344 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Differential equations",
"Equations",
"General relativity",
"Relativity stubs",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
10,389,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature-sensitive%20mutant | Temperature-sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at low temperatures, but altered function at higher temperatures. Cold sensitive mutants are variants of genes that allow normal function of the organism at higher temperatures, but altered function at low temperatures.
Mech... | Temperature-sensitive mutant | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 905 | [
"Scalar physical quantities",
"Temperature",
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Cell biology",
"Physical quantities",
"SI base quantities",
"Intensive quantities",
"Thermodynamics",
"nan",
"Wikipedia categories named after physical quantities"
] |
10,389,277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20Hodge%20module | In mathematics, mixed Hodge modules are the culmination of Hodge theory, mixed Hodge structures, intersection cohomology, and the decomposition theorem yielding a coherent framework for discussing variations of degenerating mixed Hodge structures through the six functor formalism. Essentially, these objects are a pair ... | Mixed Hodge module | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 968 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Tensors",
"Hodge theory",
"Differential forms",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Algebraic geometry",
"Homological algebra"
] |
10,389,335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20turbulence | In continuum mechanics, wave turbulence is a set of nonlinear waves deviated far from thermal equilibrium. Such a state is usually accompanied by dissipation. It is either decaying turbulence or requires an external source of energy to sustain it. Examples are waves on a fluid surface excited by winds or ships, and wav... | Wave turbulence | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 715 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Water waves",
"Oceanography",
"Waves",
"Nonlinear systems",
"Dynamical systems",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
10,390,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip-scale%20atomic%20clock | A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating a low-power semiconductor laser as the light source. The first CSAC physics package was demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) i... | Chip-scale atomic clock | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 847 | [
"Electronic test equipment",
"Measuring instruments"
] |
10,391,074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic%20acid/hydrocortisone | Acetic acid/hydrocortisone is a commonly used combination drug to treat infections of the outer ear and ear canal. Branded as Vosol HC and Acetasol HC, it combines the antibacterial and antifungal action of acetic acid with the anti-inflammatory functions of hydrocortisone.
References
Acetasol HC
Vosol HC
Antibi... | Acetic acid/hydrocortisone | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 82 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Biotechnology products",
"Medicinal chemistry stubs",
"Antibiotics",
"Pharmacology stubs",
"Biocides"
] |
10,393,385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrenium%20ion | A nitrenium ion (also called: aminylium ion or imidonium ion (obsolete)) in organic chemistry is a reactive intermediate based on nitrogen with both an electron lone pair and a positive charge and with two substituents (). Nitrenium ions are isoelectronic with carbenes, and can exist in either a singlet or a triplet st... | Nitrenium ion | [
"Chemistry"
] | 368 | [
"Organic compounds",
"Reactive intermediates",
"Physical organic chemistry"
] |
10,394,955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCIRS%2013E | GCIRS 13E is an infrared and radio object near the Galactic Center. It is believed to be a cluster of hot massive stars, possibly containing an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) at its center.
GCIRS 13E was first identified as GCIRS 13, which was later resolved into two components GCIRS13E and W. GCIRS 13E was initi... | GCIRS 13E | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 444 | [
"Black holes",
"Star clusters",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Intermediate-mass black holes",
"Constellations",
"Sagittarius (constellation)",
"Astronomical objects"
] |
10,399,056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HITRAN | HITRAN (an acronym for High Resolution Transmission) molecular spectroscopic database is a compilation of spectroscopic parameters used to simulate and analyze the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media, with an emphasis on planetary atmospheres. The knowledge of spectroscopic parameters for transitions be... | HITRAN | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,559 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
1,211,913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least%20fixed%20point | In order theory, a branch of mathematics, the least fixed point (lfp or LFP, sometimes also smallest fixed point) of a function from a partially ordered set ("poset" for short) to itself is the fixed point which is less than each other fixed point, according to the order of the poset. A function need not have a least ... | Least fixed point | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,103 | [
"Mathematical analysis",
"Fixed points (mathematics)",
"Topology",
"Order theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,211,986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20work | In mechanics, virtual work arises in the application of the principle of least action to the study of forces and movement of a mechanical system. The work of a force acting on a particle as it moves along a displacement is different for different displacements. Among all the possible displacements that a particle may... | Virtual work | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 4,700 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Structural analysis",
"Mechanics",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
1,212,009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive%20complexity%20theory | Descriptive complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory and of finite model theory that characterizes complexity classes by the type of logic needed to express the languages in them. For example, PH, the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy, is precisely the class of languages expre... | Descriptive complexity theory | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,352 | [
"Finite model theory",
"Model theory"
] |
1,213,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronization | Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles. Traditional techniques for micronization focus on mechanical means, such as milling and grinding. Modern techniques make use of the properties of supercritical fluids and manipulate the principles of solubility.
The term mic... | Micronization | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,165 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Unit operations",
"Materials science",
"nan",
"Chemical process engineering"
] |
1,213,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20cosmology | Quantum cosmology is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the universe. This approach attempts to answer open questions of classical physical cosmology, particularly those related to the first phases of the universe.
Classical cosmology is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relat... | Quantum cosmology | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 282 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Theoretical physics",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Astrophysics",
"Quantum gravity",
"Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"Physical cosmology"
] |
8,035,060 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem%20model | An ecosystem model is an abstract, usually mathematical, representation of an ecological system (ranging in scale from an individual population, to an ecological community, or even an entire biome), which is studied to better understand the real system.
Using data gathered from the field, ecological relationships—such... | Ecosystem model | [
"Mathematics",
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,359 | [
"Mathematical and theoretical biology",
"Applied mathematics",
"nan",
"Environmental social science",
"Systems ecology"
] |
8,035,604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical%20migration | Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the dissolution and movement of metal ions in presence of electric potential, which results in the growth of dendritic structures between anode and cathode. The process is most commonly observed in printed circuit boards where it may significantly decrease the insulation between condu... | Electrochemical migration | [
"Chemistry"
] | 444 | [
"Electrochemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Electrochemistry stubs"
] |
8,036,048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protofection | Protofection is a protein-mediated transfection of foreign mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) into the mitochondria of cells in a tissue to supplement or replace the native mitochondrial DNA already present. The complete mtDNA genome or just fragments of mtDNA generated by polymerase chain reaction can be transferred into the t... | Protofection | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 639 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Molecular biology"
] |
8,036,355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framework-specific%20modeling%20language | A framework-specific modeling language (FSML) is a kind of domain-specific modeling language which is designed for an object-oriented application framework.
FSMLs define framework-provided abstractions as FSML concepts and decompose the abstractions into features. The features represent implementation steps or choic... | Framework-specific modeling language | [
"Engineering"
] | 312 | [
"Software engineering",
"Specification languages"
] |
8,037,655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Bay%20Cree%20hydroelectric%20conflict | The James Bay Cree hydroelectric conflict refers to the resistance by James Bay Cree to the James Bay Hydroelectric Project and the Quebec Government, beginning in 1971.
The First Phase
The Quebec government announced plans in April 1971 for a hydroelectric project in the Baie-James region of northern Quebec. It fol... | James Bay Cree hydroelectric conflict | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,410 | [
"James Bay Project",
"Macro-engineering"
] |
8,038,191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservation%20breeding | Preservation breeding is an attempt by many plant and animal breeders to preserve bloodlines of species, either of a rare breed, or of rare pedigrees within a breed.
Purpose
Preservation breeding can have several purposes:
Protection of genetic diversity within a species or a breed;
Preservation of valuable genet... | Preservation breeding | [
"Biology"
] | 274 | [
"Evolutionary biology",
"Behavior",
"Breeding",
"Reproduction"
] |
8,038,607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohl%E2%80%93Aue%20reaction | The Wohl–Aue reaction is an organic reaction between an aromatic nitro compound and an aniline to form a phenazine in presence of an alkali base. An example is the reaction between nitrobenzene and aniline:
The reaction is named after Alfred Wohl and W. Aue.
References
Heterocycle forming reactions
Organic redox re... | Wohl–Aue reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 80 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Heterocycle forming reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
8,040,039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vault%20%28architecture%29 | In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof. As in building an arch, a temporary support is needed while rings of voussoirs are constructed and the rings placed in position. Until the topmost vou... | Vault (architecture) | [
"Engineering"
] | 7,055 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Ceilings"
] |
8,042,122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesterol%207%20alpha-hydroxylase | Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase also known as cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase or cytochrome P450 7A1 (CYP7A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene which has an important role in cholesterol metabolism. It is a cytochrome P450 enzyme, which belongs to the oxidoreductase class, and converts cholesterol t... | Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,843 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Metabolism",
"Cellular processes"
] |
8,045,367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOVIA | BIOVIA is a software company headquartered in the United States, with representation in Europe and Asia. It provides software for chemical, materials and bioscience research for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, consumer packaged goods, aerospace, energy and chemical industries.
Previously named Accelrys, it is a who... | BIOVIA | [
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 1,006 | [
"Molecular modelling software",
"Computational chemistry software",
"Nanotechnology companies",
"Molecular modelling",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
6,109,333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreev%20reflection | Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). It is a charge-transfer process by which normal current in N is converted to supercurrent in S. Each Andreev reflection t... | Andreev reflection | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 985 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Superconductivity",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Scattering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Particle physics",
"Nuclear physics",
"Mesoscopic physics",
"Electrical resistance and conductance"
] |
6,109,368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20treatment | Thermal treatment is any waste treatment technology that involves high temperatures in the processing of the waste feedstock. Commonly this involves the combustion of waste materials.
Systems that are generally considered to be thermal treatment include:
Cement kiln
Gasification
Incineration
Mechanical heat treatment... | Thermal treatment | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 97 | [
"Water treatment",
"Waste treatment technology",
"Environmental engineering"
] |
6,110,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20cooling | Passive cooling is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor thermal comfort with low or no energy consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from th... | Passive cooling | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 2,871 | [
"Transport phenomena",
"Environmental design",
"Physical phenomena",
"Heat transfer",
"Sustainable architecture",
"Solar design",
"Energy engineering",
"Thermodynamics",
"Design",
"Environmental social science",
"Architecture"
] |
3,461,780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbenium%20ion | A carbenium ion is a positive ion with the structure RR′R″C+, that is, a chemical species with carbon atom having three covalent bonds, and it bears a +1 formal charge. Carbenium ions are a major subset of carbocations, which is a general term for diamagnetic carbon-based cations. In parallel with carbenium ions is a... | Carbenium ion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 2,931 | [
"Matter",
"Organic compounds",
"Physical organic chemistry",
"Cations",
"Reactive intermediates",
"Ions"
] |
3,462,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20load | An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside the home. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. This is opposed to a power supply source, such as a battery or generator, which provides powe... | Electrical load | [
"Engineering"
] | 612 | [
"Electrical engineering",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical circuits"
] |
3,463,982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthScope | The EarthScope project (2003-2018) was an National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Earth science program using geological and geophysical techniques to explore the structure and evolution of the North American continent and to understand the processes controlling earthquakes and volcanoes. The project had three compone... | EarthScope | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 5,492 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Wireless locating",
"Applied mathematics",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aircraft instruments",
"Geophysics",
"Global Positioning System",
"Geodesy"
] |
3,464,419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZINDO | ZINDO is a semi-empirical quantum chemistry method used in computational chemistry. It is a development of the INDO method. It stands for Zerner's Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap, as it was developed by Michael Zerner and his coworkers in the 1970s. Unlike INDO, which was really restricted to organic molec... | ZINDO | [
"Chemistry"
] | 347 | [
"Quantum chemistry stubs",
"Quantum chemistry",
"Theoretical chemistry stubs",
"Computational chemistry",
"Physical chemistry stubs",
"Semiempirical quantum chemistry methods"
] |
3,464,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmotron | The Cosmotron was a particle accelerator, specifically a proton synchrotron, at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Its construction was approved by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1948, reaching its full energy in 1953, and continuing to run until 1966. It was dismantled in 1969.
It was the first particle accelerat... | Cosmotron | [
"Physics"
] | 424 | [
"Particle physics stubs",
"Particle physics"
] |
3,465,656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate%20Boundary%20Observatory | The Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) was the geodetic component of the EarthScope Facility. EarthScope was an Earth science program that explored the 4-dimensional structure of the North American Continent. EarthScope (and PBO) was a 15-year project (2003-2018) funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in conjunc... | Plate Boundary Observatory | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 789 | [
"Global Positioning System",
"Aerospace engineering",
"Wireless locating",
"Aircraft instruments"
] |
3,467,050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium%20dioxide | Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (), also known as urania or uranous oxide, is an oxide of uranium, and is a black, radioactive, crystalline powder that naturally occurs in the mineral uraninite. It is used in nuclear fuel rods in nuclear reactors. A mixture of uranium and plutonium dioxides is used as MOX fuel. Pr... | Uranium dioxide | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,913 | [
"Nuclear chemistry",
"Semiconductor materials",
"Oxides",
"Salts",
"Materials",
"Nuclear materials",
"nan",
"Nuclear physics",
"Matter"
] |
3,467,973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Graham%20problem | In combinatorial number theory, the Erdős–Graham problem is the problem of proving that, if the set of integers greater than one is partitioned into finitely many subsets, then one of the subsets can be used to form an Egyptian fraction representation of unity. That is, for every , and every -coloring of the integers ... | Erdős–Graham problem | [
"Mathematics"
] | 393 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Conjectures that have been proved",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems",
"Number theory"
] |
3,468,491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%20bundle | In mathematics, a Banach bundle is a vector bundle each of whose fibres is a Banach space, i.e. a complete normed vector space, possibly of infinite dimension.
Definition of a Banach bundle
Let M be a Banach manifold of class Cp with p ≥ 0, called the base space; let E be a topological space, called the total space; ... | Banach bundle | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,320 | [
"Topological spaces",
"Topology",
"Manifolds",
"Space (mathematics)"
] |
17,245,684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASM%20International | ASM (previously known as ASM International N.V., originally standing for Advanced Semiconductor Materials) is a Dutch headquartered multinational corporation that specializes in the design, manufacturing, sales and service of semiconductor wafer processing equipment for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. ASM's... | ASM International | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,205 | [
"Equipment semiconductor companies",
"Semiconductor fabrication equipment"
] |
17,247,558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%2A | D* (pronounced "D star") is any one of the following three related incremental search algorithms:
The original D*, by Anthony Stentz, is an informed incremental search algorithm.
Focused D* is an informed incremental heuristic search algorithm by Anthony Stentz that combines ideas of A* and the original D*. Focused ... | D* | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,674 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot control"
] |
15,515,002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Corps%20of%20Naval%20Constructors | The Royal Corps of Naval Constructors (RCNC) is an institution of the British Royal Navy and Admiralty for training in naval architecture, marine, electrical and weapon engineering. It was established by Order in Council in August 1883, on the recommendation of the naval architect Sir William White. Its precursor was ... | Royal Corps of Naval Constructors | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,052 | [
"Marine engineering organizations",
"Marine engineering"
] |
15,515,379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%E2%80%93Green%20vortex | In fluid dynamics, the Taylor–Green vortex is an unsteady flow of a decaying vortex, which has an exact closed form solution of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates. It is named after the British physicist and mathematician Geoffrey Ingram Taylor and his collaborator A. E. Green.
Origina... | Taylor–Green vortex | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 389 | [
"Vortices",
"Computational fluid dynamics",
"Dynamical systems",
"Chemical engineering",
"Computational physics",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
15,515,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous%20waterproofing | Bituminous waterproofing systems are designed to protect residential and commercial buildings. Bitumen (asphalt or coal-tar pitch) is a material made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky, viscous, and waterproof. Systems incorporating bituminous-based substrates are sometimes used to construct roofs, in the for... | Bituminous waterproofing | [
"Physics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,055 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Building engineering",
"Architecture",
"Structural system",
"Construction",
"Materials",
"Roofs",
"Matter",
"Building materials"
] |
19,437,874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporized%20hydrogen%20peroxide | Vaporized hydrogen peroxide (trademarked VHP, also known as hydrogen peroxide vapor, HPV) is a vapor form of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with applications as a low-temperature antimicrobial vapor used to decontaminate enclosed and sealed areas such as laboratory workstations, isolation and pass-through rooms, and even air... | Vaporized hydrogen peroxide | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 849 | [
"Microbiology techniques",
"Sterilization (microbiology)"
] |
19,444,228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Label-free%20quantification | Label-free quantification is a method in mass spectrometry that aims to determine the relative amount of proteins in two or more biological samples. Unlike other methods for protein quantification, label-free quantification does not use a stable isotope containing compound to chemically bind to and thus label the prote... | Label-free quantification | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 922 | [
"Biochemistry methods",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Instrumental analysis",
"Mass",
"Chemical tests",
"Mass spectrometry",
"Biochemistry detection methods",
"Matter"
] |
19,446,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite%20channeling | Metabolite channeling is the passing of the intermediary metabolic product of one enzyme directly to another enzyme or active site without its release into solution. When several consecutive enzymes of a metabolic pathway channel substrates between themselves, this is called a metabolon. Channeling can make a metabolic... | Metabolite channeling | [
"Chemistry"
] | 552 | [
"Chemical kinetics",
"Enzyme kinetics"
] |
19,449,848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeze%20thaw%20resistance | Freeze thaw resistance, or freezing and thawing resistance, is the property of solids to resist cyclic freezing and melting.
See also
Frost weathering
Further reading
Phase transitions
Condensed matter physics | Freeze thaw resistance | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 38 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Critical phenomena",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Statistical mechanics",
"Matter"
] |
19,450,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phason | In physics, a phason is a form of collective excitation found in aperiodic crystal structures. Phasons are a type of quasiparticle: an emergent phenomenon of many-particle systems. The phason can also be seen as a degree of freedom unique to quasicrystals. Similar to phonons, phasons are quasiparticles associated with ... | Phason | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 713 | [
"Matter",
"Materials science stubs",
"Materials science",
"Crystallography",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Quasiparticles",
"Condensed matter stubs",
"Subatomic particles"
] |
4,662,960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittency | In dynamical systems, intermittency is the irregular alternation of phases of apparently periodic and chaotic dynamics (Pomeau–Manneville dynamics), or different forms of chaotic dynamics (crisis-induced intermittency).
Experimentally, intermittency appears as long periods of almost periodic behavior interrupted by ch... | Intermittency | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 620 | [
"Mechanics",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
4,665,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobolev%20inequality | In mathematics, there is in mathematical analysis a class of Sobolev inequalities, relating norms including those of Sobolev spaces. These are used to prove the Sobolev embedding theorem, giving inclusions between certain Sobolev spaces, and the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem showing that under slightly stronger conditions... | Sobolev inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,853 | [
"Compactness theorems",
"Binary relations",
"Theorems in topology",
"Mathematical relations",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Mathematical problems",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
4,665,840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability-centered%20maintenance | Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a concept of maintenance planning to ensure that systems continue to do what their users require in their present operating context. Successful implementation of RCM will lead to increase in cost effectiveness, reliability, machine uptime, and a greater understanding of the lev... | Reliability-centered maintenance | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,096 | [
"Systems engineering",
"Maintenance",
"Mechanical engineering",
"Reliability engineering"
] |
4,668,173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flitch%20beam | A flitch beam (or flitched beam) is a compound beam used in the construction of houses, decks, and other primarily wood-frame structures. Typically, the flitch beam is made up of a vertical steel plate sandwiched between two wood beams, the three layers being held together with bolts. In that common form it is sometime... | Flitch beam | [
"Engineering"
] | 821 | [
"Structural engineering",
"Civil engineering",
"Construction"
] |
4,668,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapatinib | Lapatinib (INN), used in the form of lapatinib ditosylate (USAN) (trade names Tykerb and Tyverb marketed by Novartis) is an orally active drug for breast cancer and other solid tumours. It is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor which interrupts the HER2/neu and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. It is used ... | Lapatinib | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,295 | [
"Sulfones",
"Amines",
"Bases (chemistry)",
"Functional groups"
] |
4,668,395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential%20space | In topology and related fields of mathematics, a sequential space is a topological space whose topology can be completely characterized by its convergent/divergent sequences. They can be thought of as spaces that satisfy a very weak axiom of countability, and all first-countable spaces (notably metric spaces) are seque... | Sequential space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,525 | [
"General topology",
"Properties of topological spaces",
"Space (mathematics)",
"Topological spaces",
"Topology"
] |
4,668,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFNP | In computational complexity theory, the complexity class TFNP is the class of total function problems which can be solved in nondeterministic polynomial time. That is, it is the class of function problems that are guaranteed to have an answer, and this answer can be checked in polynomial time, or equivalently it is the... | TFNP | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,573 | [
"Mathematical relations",
"Binary relations"
] |
4,669,465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive%20power%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, the expressive power (also called expressiveness or expressivity) of a language is the breadth of ideas that can be represented and communicated in that language. The more expressive a language is, the greater the variety and quantity of ideas it can be used to represent.
For example, the Web Onto... | Expressive power (computer science) | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,053 | [
"Software engineering",
"Programming language topics"
] |
4,670,556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary-screw%20compressor | A rotary-screw compressor is a type of gas compressor, such as an air compressor, that uses a rotary-type positive-displacement mechanism. These compressors are common in industrial applications and replace more traditional piston compressors where larger volumes of compressed gas are needed, e.g. for large refrigerati... | Rotary-screw compressor | [
"Chemistry"
] | 4,016 | [
"Gas compressors",
"Turbomachinery"
] |
20,631,781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20adhesion%20in%20aquatic%20system | Bacterial adhesion involves the attachment (or deposition) of bacteria on the surface (solid, gel layer, etc.). This interaction plays an important role in natural system as well as in environmental engineering.
The attachment of biomass on the membrane surface will result in membrane fouling, which can significantly ... | Bacterial adhesion in aquatic system | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 1,276 | [
"Colloidal chemistry",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Colloids",
"Surface science",
"nan",
"Physical chemistry"
] |
20,637,356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure%20temperature | In radiometric dating, closure temperature or blocking temperature refers to the temperature of a system, such as a mineral, at the time given by its radiometric date. In physical terms, the closure temperature is the temperature at which a system has cooled so that there is no longer any significant diffusion of the p... | Closure temperature | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 430 | [
"Radiometric dating",
"Nuclear chemistry stubs",
"Nuclear and atomic physics stubs",
"Nuclear physics",
"Radioactivity"
] |
20,639,064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbilayer%20forces%20in%20membrane%20fusion | Membrane fusion is a key biophysical process that is essential for the functioning of life itself. It is defined as the event where two lipid bilayers approach each other and then merge to form a single continuous structure. In living beings, cells are made of an outer coat made of lipid bilayers; which then cause fusi... | Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering",
"Biology"
] | 1,429 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Molecular physics",
"Membrane biology",
"Materials science",
"Surface science",
"Intermolecular forces",
"Biophysics",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Molecular biology"
] |
446,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron%28III%29%20chloride | Iron(III) chloride describes the inorganic compounds with the formula (H2O)x. Also called ferric chloride, these compounds are some of the most important and commonplace compounds of iron. They are available both in anhydrous and in hydrated forms, which are both hygroscopic. They feature iron in its +3 oxidation stat... | Iron(III) chloride | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,217 | [
"Chlorides",
"Acids",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Acid catalysts",
"Coordination complexes",
"Coordination chemistry",
"Reagents for organic chemistry",
"Salts",
"Metal halides",
"Deliquescent materials",
"Dehydrating agents"
] |
446,539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermionic%20condensate | A fermionic condensate (or Fermi–Dirac condensate) is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures. It is closely related to the Bose–Einstein condensate, a superfluid phase formed by bosonic atoms under similar conditions. The earliest recognized fermionic condensate described the state of elec... | Fermionic condensate | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 1,345 | [
"Quantum phases",
"Quantum field theory",
"Physical phenomena",
"Phase transitions",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Materials science",
"Superfluidity",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Exotic matter",
"Matter",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
446,712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson%20effect | In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British physicist Brian Josephson, who predicted in 1962 the mathematical relationships for the current and voltage across the weak ... | Josephson effect | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,802 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Josephson effect",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Superconductivity",
"Phases of matter",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Measuring instruments",
"Materials science",
"Energy (physics)",
"Sensors",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Wikipedia categories named a... |
447,181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%20elliptic%20function | In mathematics, the Weierstrass elliptic functions are elliptic functions that take a particularly simple form. They are named for Karl Weierstrass. This class of functions are also referred to as ℘-functions and they are usually denoted by the symbol ℘, a uniquely fancy script p. They play an important role in the the... | Weierstrass elliptic function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,747 | [
"Modular forms",
"Number theory"
] |
448,321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric%20effect | The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple. A thermoelectric device creates a voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, heat is transferred from one side to the other, ... | Thermoelectric effect | [
"Physics"
] | 3,391 | [
"Physical phenomena"
] |
448,518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg%20group | In mathematics, the Heisenberg group , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form
under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b and c can be taken from any commutative ring with identity, often taken to be the ring of real numbers (resulting in the "continuo... | Heisenberg group | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 3,820 | [
"Lie groups",
"Mathematical structures",
"Applied mathematics",
"Theoretical physics",
"Quantum mechanics",
"Group theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Mathematical quantization",
"Algebraic structures",
"Mathematical physics"
] |
22,124,835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiphoton%20lithography | Multiphoton lithography (also known as direct laser lithography or direct laser writing) is similar to standard photolithography techniques; structuring is accomplished by illuminating negative-tone or positive-tone photoresists via light of a well-defined wavelength. The main difference is the avoidance of photomasks.... | Multiphoton lithography | [
"Materials_science"
] | 1,969 | [
"Nanotechnology",
"Microtechnology",
"Lithography (microfabrication)"
] |
22,128,220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baffle%20%28heat%20transfer%29 | Baffles are flow-directing or obstructing vanes or panels used to direct a flow of liquid or gas. It is used in some household stoves and in some industrial process vessels (tanks), such as shell and tube heat exchangers, chemical reactors, and static mixers.
Baffles are an integral part of the shell and tube heat exc... | Baffle (heat transfer) | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 708 | [
"Chemical equipment",
"Heat exchangers"
] |
22,130,330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric-pressure%20plasma | Atmospheric-pressure plasma (or AP plasma or normal pressure plasma) is a plasma in which the pressure approximately matches that of the surrounding atmosphere – the so-called normal pressure.
Fundamentals of atmospheric-pressure plasma generation
A discharge can be ignited and plasma can be sustained when a DC volta... | Atmospheric-pressure plasma | [
"Physics"
] | 1,396 | [
"Plasma types",
"Plasma physics"
] |
22,131,077 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHS%20hazard%20pictograms | Hazard pictograms form part of the international Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Two sets of pictograms are included within the GHS: one for the labelling of containers and for workplace hazard warnings, and a second for use during the transport of dangerous goods. Either ... | GHS hazard pictograms | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 556 | [
"Symbols",
"Pictograms",
"Globally Harmonized System"
] |
22,131,699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic%20HPLC%20column | A monolithic HPLC column, or monolithic column, is a column used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The internal structure of the monolithic column is created in such a way that many channels form inside the column. The material inside the column which separates the channels can be porous and functiona... | Monolithic HPLC column | [
"Chemistry"
] | 5,879 | [
"Chromatography",
"Separation processes"
] |
22,132,096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser%20ablation%20synthesis%20in%20solution | Laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) is a commonly used method for obtaining colloidal solution of nanoparticles in a variety of solvents. Nanoparticles (NPs,), are useful in chemistry, engineering and biochemistry due to their large surface-to-volume ratio that causes them to have unique physical properties. L... | Laser ablation synthesis in solution | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science"
] | 411 | [
"Materials science stubs",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Nanotechnology stubs",
"nan",
"Chemical synthesis",
"Nanotechnology"
] |
22,132,209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttinger%20parameter | In semiconductors, valence bands are well characterized by 3 Luttinger parameters. At the Г-point in the band structure, and orbitals form valence bands. But spin–orbit coupling splits sixfold degeneracy into high energy 4-fold and lower energy 2-fold bands. Again 4-fold degeneracy is lifted into heavy- and light hol... | Luttinger parameter | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 279 | [
"Electrical resistance and conductance",
"Physical quantities",
"Semiconductors",
"Materials",
"Electronic engineering",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Solid state engineering",
"Matter"
] |
18,436,210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massera%27s%20lemma | In stability theory and nonlinear control, Massera's lemma, named after José Luis Massera, deals with the construction of the Lyapunov function to prove the stability of a dynamical system. The lemma appears in as the first lemma in section 12, and in more general form in as lemma 2. In 2004, Massera's original lemma... | Massera's lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 380 | [
"Stability theory",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
18,436,459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20Kalman%20filter | In estimation theory, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is the nonlinear version of the Kalman filter which linearizes about an estimate of the current mean and covariance. In the case of well defined transition models, the EKF has been considered the de facto standard in the theory of nonlinear state estimation, naviga... | Extended Kalman filter | [
"Engineering"
] | 2,185 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot control"
] |
18,436,662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational%20motion | In kinematics, the motion of a rigid body is defined as a continuous set of displacements. One-parameter motions can be defined
as a continuous displacement of moving object with respect to a fixed frame in Euclidean three-space (E3), where the displacement depends on one parameter, mostly identified as time.
Rational... | Rational motion | [
"Physics",
"Technology"
] | 821 | [
"Machines",
"Kinematics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Classical mechanics",
"Physical systems",
"Motion (physics)",
"Mechanics"
] |
18,437,142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEIF%20SLAM | In robotics, the SEIF SLAM is the use of the sparse extended information filter (SEIF) to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping by maintaining a posterior over the robot pose and the map. Similar to GraphSLAM, the SEIF SLAM solves the SLAM problem fully, but is an online algorithm (GraphSLAM is offline).
Ref... | SEIF SLAM | [
"Engineering"
] | 74 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot control"
] |
18,437,271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Carlo%20POMDP | In the class of Markov decision process algorithms, the Monte Carlo POMDP (MC-POMDP) is the particle filter version for the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) algorithm. In MC-POMDP, particles filters are used to update and approximate the beliefs, and the algorithm is applicable to continuous valued... | Monte Carlo POMDP | [
"Engineering"
] | 83 | [
"Robotics engineering",
"Robot control"
] |
18,441,673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethered%20particle%20motion | Tethered particle motion (TPM) is a biophysical method that is used for studying various polymers such as DNA and their interaction with other entities such as proteins.
The method allows observers to measure various physical properties on the substances, as well as to measure the properties of biochemical interactio... | Tethered particle motion | [
"Physics",
"Biology"
] | 1,899 | [
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Biophysics"
] |
18,442,067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%20223311 | HD 223311 is a star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It has an orange hue and is visible to the naked eye as a dim star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.08. Based on parallax measurements, the star is located at a distance of approximately 910 light years from the Sun. It is a radial velocity standard... | HD 223311 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 254 | [
"Constellations",
"Aquarius (constellation)"
] |
18,442,792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAP2B | Transcription factor AP-2 beta also known as AP2-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFAP2B gene.
Function
AP-2 beta is a member of the AP-2 family of transcription factors. AP-2 proteins form homo- or hetero-dimers with other AP-2 family members and bind specific DNA sequences. They are thought to st... | TFAP2B | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 183 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
18,442,793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAP2C | Transcription factor AP-2 gamma also known as AP2-gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFAP2C gene. AP2-gamma is a member of the activating protein 2 family of transcription factors.
Transcription factor AP-2 gamma is involved in early development, specifically morphogenesis - the formation of shape. ... | TFAP2C | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 590 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
18,442,794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAP2D | Transcription factor AP-2 delta (activating enhancer binding protein 2 delta), also known as TFAP2D, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor.
See also
Activating protein 2
References
External links
Transcription factors | TFAP2D | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 55 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
18,442,795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAP2E | Transcription factor AP-2 epsilon (activating enhancer binding protein 2 epsilon), also known as TFAP2E, is a human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor.
See also
Activating protein 2
References
External links
Transcription factors | TFAP2E | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 55 | [
"Induced stem cells",
"Gene expression",
"Transcription factors",
"Signal transduction"
] |
752,861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosch%20reaction | The Bosch reaction is a catalytic chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) that produces elemental carbon (C,graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. CO2 is usually reduced by H2 to carbon in presence of a catalyst (e.g. iron (Fe)) and requires a temperature level of .
The overall... | Bosch reaction | [
"Chemistry"
] | 392 | [
"Name reactions",
"Organic redox reactions",
"Organic reactions"
] |
752,897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20gas | A buffer gas is an inert or nonflammable gas. In the Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen acts as a buffer gas. A buffer gas adds pressure to a system and controls the speed of combustion with any oxygen present. Any inert gas such as helium, neon, or argon will serve as a buffer gas.
A buffer gas usually consists of atomi... | Buffer gas | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 774 | [
"Statistical mechanics",
"Gases",
"Phases of matter",
"Matter"
] |
753,145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del%20in%20cylindrical%20and%20spherical%20coordinates | This is a list of some vector calculus formulae for working with common curvilinear coordinate systems.
Notes
This article uses the standard notation ISO 80000-2, which supersedes ISO 31-11, for spherical coordinates (other sources may reverse the definitions of θ and φ):
The polar angle is denoted by : it is the... | Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates | [
"Mathematics"
] | 439 | [
"Coordinate systems"
] |
753,349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean%20function | In mathematics, a Boolean function is a function whose arguments and result assume values from a two-element set (usually {true, false}, {0,1} or {-1,1}). Alternative names are switching function, used especially in older computer science literature, and truth function (or logical function), used in logic. Boolean func... | Boolean function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,520 | [
"Boolean algebra",
"Mathematical logic",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Arithmetic",
"Binary arithmetic"
] |
753,403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn%20chorus%20%28electromagnetic%29 | The electromagnetic dawn chorus is a phenomenon that occurs most often at or shortly after dawn local time. It is believed to be generated by a Doppler-shifted cyclotron interaction between anisotropic distributions of energetic (> 40 keV) electrons and ambient background VLF noise. These energetic electrons are genera... | Dawn chorus (electromagnetic) | [
"Physics"
] | 202 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Electrical phenomena"
] |
753,944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensurability%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, two non-zero real numbers a and b are said to be commensurable if their ratio is a rational number; otherwise a and b are called incommensurable. (Recall that a rational number is one that is equivalent to the ratio of two integers.) There is a more general notion of commensurability in group theory.
... | Commensurability (mathematics) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 975 | [
"Real numbers",
"Mathematical objects",
"Numbers"
] |
754,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability%20%28electromagnetism%29 | In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of magnetization produced in a material in response to an applied magnetic field. Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ. It is the ratio of the magnetic induction to the magnetizing field in a material. The term was coined by Will... | Permeability (electromagnetism) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,760 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Electric and magnetic fields in matter",
"Materials science",
"Condensed matter physics",
"Physical properties"
] |
754,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permeability%20%28materials%20science%29 | In fluid mechanics, materials science and Earth sciences, permeability (commonly symbolized as k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
Permeability
Permeability is a property of porous materials that is an indication of the a... | Permeability (materials science) | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Materials_science",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering",
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,928 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Hydrology",
"Applied and interdisciplinary physics",
"Physical quantities",
"Porous media",
"Quantity",
"Soil mechanics",
"Soil physics",
"Materials science",
"Aquifers",
"Environmental engineering",
"Physical properties"
] |
755,300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvilinear%20coordinates | In geometry, curvilinear coordinates are a coordinate system for Euclidean space in which the coordinate lines may be curved. These coordinates may be derived from a set of Cartesian coordinates by using a transformation that is locally invertible (a one-to-one map) at each point. This means that one can convert a poin... | Curvilinear coordinates | [
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 5,068 | [
"Tensors",
"Metric tensors",
"Coordinate systems"
] |
755,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal%20basis | In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, an orthogonal basis for an inner product space is a basis for whose vectors are mutually orthogonal. If the vectors of an orthogonal basis are normalized, the resulting basis is an orthonormal basis.
As coordinates
Any orthogonal basis can be used to define a system of ... | Orthogonal basis | [
"Mathematics"
] | 306 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Functional analysis",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations",
"Linear algebra",
"Algebra"
] |
755,615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poundal | The poundal (symbol: pdl) is a unit of force, introduced in 1877, that is part of the Absolute English system of units, which itself is a coherent subsystem of the foot–pound–second system.
The poundal is defined as the force necessary to accelerate 1 pound-mass at 1 foot per second squared.
1 pdl = exactly.
Backgro... | Poundal | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 626 | [
"Force",
"Physical quantities",
"Quantity",
"Units of force",
"Units of measurement"
] |
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