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Article: Ludovic Savatier. Paul Amedée Ludovic Savatier (19 October 1830 – 27 August 1891) was a French naval doctor and botanist. Savatier was born on the Atlantic island of Oléron, off La Rochelle and Rochefort, in 1830. He studied medicine at the Naval Medical School of Rochefort. He subsequently became a high-ranki... | Wikipedia - Ludovic Savatier - Summary | 338 | 1,585 | null |
During this voyage, he made excursions in both South and North America, exploring Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego in 1877. As part of this voyage he made a detailed botanical study of the flora of Tahiti. He published an article about his voyage, which was made in part on the ship La Magicienne. Many items collected or ... | Wikipedia - Ludovic Savatier - Summary | 172 | 768 | null |
Section: Context. In the first half of the 20th century, much of the world was under colonial rule, including the Dutch East Indies. New access to a wide array of previously unstudied plants allowed botanical research to flourish under colonial rule and became highly institutionalised. This was largely linked to the es... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context | 312 | 1,694 | null |
Treub, who had been appointed director of the botanical gardens in 1880, successfully arguing for support for research regarding Indonesian flora of economic significance. It is in this context that Heyne began writing his book, which aimed to categorise and catalogue the plants of economic significance present in the ... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Context | 323 | 1,574 | null |
Section: Contents. In the initial four books (1913-1917) comprise gymnosperms and angiosperms. The first instalment of the four-part series published in 1913 was about monocotyledon and gymnosperms. Part two and three published in 1916 and 1917 were about Archichlamydeae, and part four published in 1917 was about Metac... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Contents | 238 | 1,089 | null |
Section: Editions, revisions and translations. The first instalment of the four-part series covering monocotyledon was published in 1913. Part two and three about Archichlamydeae, the subclass of dicotyledons, were published in 1916 and 1917. Part four about the subclass Metachlamydeae was published in 1917. In 1922 th... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Editions, revisions and translations | 326 | 1,557 | null |
It is unknown who authorised and made the translation. In 1988 the four instalments were translated into Indonesian. The translation was made by Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan (Agency for Forestry Research and Development). The series was published under the name Tumbuhan berguna Indonesia; terdiri atas em... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Editions, revisions and translations | 175 | 792 | null |
Section: Reception. When De Nuttige Planten van Nederlandsch Indië was published in 1927 by Karel Heyne, it was received by academics in a unanimous manner of appreciation. Academics of the mid 20th century in northern Europe quickly deemed the book the most comprehensive book on tropical plants written to date. It was... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Reception | 310 | 1,538 | null |
Wettstein stated that the book would serve a great purpose in pedagogical scenarios. As direct evidence of its success at the time of its reception, it should be noticed that soon after the first instalment of the book was published, it was out of stock, and the fourth instalment was mentioned by the media. The signifi... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Reception | 340 | 1,731 | null |
The book was of such significance that translations in both English and Bahasa Indonesian were proposed in 1927. The ministry in the Hague however did not provide the necessary assistance he needed as they did not see the use of investing in the project. In 1969 the idea was proposed again, and the project was well rec... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Reception | 347 | 1,729 | null |
PROSEA is short for ‘Plant Resources of South-East Asia’. The scientific enterprise was founded in 1985 and produced a manual on tropical economic botany. It was to become a multi-volume hand-book on approximately 5000 useful plants in South-East Asia. In 1994 the hand-book was published in 8 volumes with 1790 species ... | Wikipedia - The useful plants of the Dutch East Indies - Reception | 188 | 961 | null |
Section: Importance. The 1962 Atlas was a groundbreaking publication that revolutionized the study of natural history by introducing a scientific approach to observation. This approach, which was initially developed for national purposes, has since been adopted on an international scale and is now widely used in biolog... | Wikipedia - Atlas of the British Flora - Importance | 271 | 1,543 | null |
Article: Botany of the Faeroes. Botany of the Færöes (based upon Danish investigations) – a three-volume classic scientific work on flora and vegetation of the Faroe Islands, including fungi, lichens, algae, bryophytes and vascular plants. It was published 1901 to 1908 and funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. The projec... | Wikipedia - Botany of the Faeroes - Summary | 163 | 638 | null |
Section: Contents. Part I (1901), pp. 1–338. Det nordiske Forlag, Copenhagen & John Wheldon & Co., London. Full text Warming, E.; Historical notes on the botanical investigations of the Færöes. pp. 1–5. Ostenfeld, C.H.; Geography and topography. pp. 6–19. Ostenfeld, C.H.; Industrial conditions. pp. 20–23. Ostenfeld, C.... | Wikipedia - Botany of the Faeroes - Contents | 346 | 946 | null |
pp. 317–338. Part II (1903), pp. 339–681. Det nordiske Forlag Ernst Bojesen, Copenhagen. Full text Børgesen, F.; Marine algæ. pp. 339–532. [reprinted in "Algae of the Faeröes" by Linnaeus Press, Amsterdam 1970, 374 pp.] Østrup, E.; diatoms from the marine algæ. pp. 533–558. Ostenfeld, C.H.; Phytoplankton from the sea a... | Wikipedia - Botany of the Faeroes - Contents | 313 | 810 | null |
pp. 683–834. [reprinted in "Algae of the Faeröes" by Linnaeus Press, Amsterdam 1970, 374 pp.] Ostenfeld, C.H.; Additions and corrections to the list of the Phanerogamae and Pteridophyta of the Færöes. pp. 835–863. Patursson, Gazet; List of popular plant names from the Færöes. pp. 864–866. Ostenfeld, C.H.; The land-vege... | Wikipedia - Botany of the Faeroes - Contents | 309 | 919 | null |
Article: English Botany. English Botany was a significant botanical publication comprising 36 volumes, issued in 267 monthly parts between 1790 and 1814. Conceived, illustrated, edited, and published by James Sowerby, the work featured technical descriptions primarily provided by Sir James Edward Smith, founder of the ... | Wikipedia - English Botany - Summary | 325 | 1,665 | null |
The final indexes were also sold to non-subscribers as a set that included a six-page index to Sowerby's concurrent work "Coloured Figures of English Fungi or Mushrooms" (1797-1809 with five supplements to 1814) - the supplements not having previously been indexed. Whilst extensive, the work was not initially intended ... | Wikipedia - English Botany - Summary | 322 | 1,469 | null |
each plate; also 8vo. copies of the plates only, of any particular class or genus of plants, at 6d each plate." Even though printed in runs of up to 900 copies, an extraordinarily high number for copper-plate engravings, few complete, first edition sets of the work were actually assembled. This is probably as a result ... | Wikipedia - English Botany - Summary | 328 | 1,600 | null |
None of the copper plates was scrapped enabling the printing of a subsequent edition. The Second Edition, initially titled, "The New Edition", comprised 2,580 consecutively re-numbered impressions from the First Edition and it's Supplements plus a further 168 plates within supplements to volumes 1 to 7 some of which we... | Wikipedia - English Botany - Summary | 348 | 1,689 | null |
However, it is evident that by this time the original copper plates had started to deteriorate to such a degree that many were copied whilst others suffered low-grade, clumsy repair work. They mostly suffered from the frequent addition of crudely drafted, un-coloured outlines of the leaves that further reduced the qual... | Wikipedia - English Botany - Summary | 156 | 775 | null |
Section: Description. The text was a scientific description of all the varieties of ferns found in the British Isles. The author of this work was the botanist Thomas Moore, the editor was John Lindley. The book was released at a time of so-called "pteridomania" in Britain. Along with William Grosart Johnstone and Alexa... | Wikipedia - The Ferns of Great Britain and Ireland - Description | 289 | 1,357 | null |
Section: History. Flora Danica was proposed by G. C. Oeder, then professor of botany at the Botanic Garden in Copenhagen, in 1753 and was completed 123 years later, in 1883. The complete work comprises 51 parts and 3 supplements, containing 3,240 copper engraved plates. The original plan was to cover all plants, includ... | Wikipedia - Flora Danica - History | 341 | 1,618 | null |
Article: Flora Graeca. Flora Graeca is a publication of the plants of Greece in the late 18th century, resulting from a survey by John Sibthorp and Ferdinand Bauer. The botanical descriptions and illustrations became highly valued by the English audience; the finely crafted and illustrated work was of both scientific a... | Wikipedia - Flora Graeca - Summary | 345 | 1,713 | null |
The task of preparing the works was undertaken by James Edward Smith, who issued the two volumes of the Prodromus in 1806 and 1813, and six volumes as Flora Graeca Sibthorpiana between 1806 and 1828. The seventh appeared in 1830, after Smith's death, and the remaining three were produced by John Lindley between 1833 an... | Wikipedia - Flora Graeca - Summary | 227 | 1,087 | null |
Section: Publications. Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae-Papaveraceae Volume 2. Platanaceae-Plumbaginaceae (partim) Volume 3. Plumbaginaceae (partim)-Capparaceae Volume 4. Cruciferae-Monotropaceae Volume 5. Ebenaceae-Saxifragaceae Volume 6. Rosaceae Volume 7(1). Leguminosae (partim) Volume 7(2). Leguminosae (partim) Volume 8. Ha... | Wikipedia - Flora Iberica - Publications | 274 | 842 | null |
Article: Flora Londinensis. Flora Londinensis is a folio sized book that described the flora found in the London region of the mid 18th century. The Flora was published by William Curtis in six large volumes. The descriptions of the plants included hand-coloured copperplate plates by botanical artists such as James Sow... | Wikipedia - Flora Londinensis - Summary | 340 | 1,618 | null |
He commissioned several painters to produce hand-coloured copper engravings to accompany the pages. Curtis wrote the descriptions and managed the publishing and sales of the volumes, producing six fascicles of twelve issues, each containing six plates. The final survey eventually came to include many species found in s... | Wikipedia - Flora Londinensis - Summary | 236 | 1,262 | null |
Article: Flora Svecica. Flora Svecica ("Flora of Sweden", ed. 1, Stockholm, 1745; ed. 2 Stockholm, 1755) was written by Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). This was the first full account of the plants growing in Sweden and one of the first examples of the Flora in the moder... | Wikipedia - Flora Svecica - Summary | 164 | 625 | null |
Article: Highgrove Florilegium. The Highgrove Florilegium: Watercolours depicting plants grown in the garden at Highgrove is a two-volume book of botanical illustrations recording plants in the garden of Charles III, the then Prince of Wales, at Highgrove House in Gloucestershire, England. The volumes, published in 200... | Wikipedia - Highgrove Florilegium - Summary | 185 | 907 | null |
Section: Book production > Printing. The printing of both the text and the image pages used stochastic lithography in order to create outstanding quality prints from the original watercolours. Stochastic lithography is an advancement in printing technology that can give a better print quality, cleaner more dynamic and ... | Wikipedia - Highgrove Florilegium - Book production > Printing | 195 | 973 | null |
Section: William Aiton's edition. The third edition, the first English edition, was compiled by Daniel Solander, Jonas Carlsson Dryander, and Robert Brown and published in 1789 under the name of William Aiton, whose 1773 plant list formed the basis of their work. Solander, Dryander, and Brown were the successive librar... | Wikipedia - Hortus Kewensis - William Aiton's edition | 192 | 912 | null |
Section: Volumes. Volume 1 (1912–18), edited by Lauritz Kolderup Rosenvinge and Eugenius Warming, J. Frimodt, Copenhagen, and John Wheldon and Co., London. Part I 1. Helgi Jónsson (1912) The marine algal vegetation of Iceland. pp. 1–186. 2. Þorvaldur Thoroddsen (1914) An account of the physical geography of Iceland. pp... | Wikipedia - The Botany of Iceland - Volumes | 350 | 1,086 | null |
Volume 3 (1930–45) Part 1, edited by Lauritz Kolderup Rosenvinge and Eugenius Warming. 10. Hans Mølholm Hansen (1930) Studies on the vegetation of Iceland. pp. 1–186. J. Frimodt, Copenhagen. Part 2, edited by Johannes Grøntved, Ove Paulsen and Thorvald Sørensen. Einar Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 11. M.P. Christiansen (1941... | Wikipedia - The Botany of Iceland - Volumes | 334 | 1,045 | null |
Article: Den nya nordiska floran. Den nya nordiska floran ("The new Nordic flora") is a book of Swedish flora from 2003 by Bo Mossberg and Lennart Stenberg, with illustrations by Bo Mossberg. It contains descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps of all plants in Sweden, Denmark, Norway (including Svalbard), Fin... | Wikipedia - Den nya nordiska floran - Summary | 215 | 858 | null |
Section: Editions. Mossberg, Bo; Stenberg, Lennart (18 September 2003). Den nya nordiska floran. p. 928. ISBN 978-91-46-17584-1. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2010. Mossberg, Bo; Stenberg, Lennart (30 October 2006). Den nya nordiska floran. p. 928. ISBN 978-91-46-21319-2. Archived ... | Wikipedia - Den nya nordiska floran - Editions | 176 | 562 | null |
Section: Botanical significance > Dispute with Smith. The Paradisus Londinensis preserves a record of a dispute between Salisbury and James Edward Smith which had (and still has) consequences for the acceptance of botanical names first published by Salisbury, in this work and others. Smith and Salisbury had become frie... | Wikipedia - The Paradisus Londinensis - Botanical significance > Dispute with Smith | 347 | 1,640 | null |
He also disputed Smith's association of the plant with Agapanthus, placing it instead with Allium. He says "I regret much to dissent so often from the celebrated lecturer [Smith]". Shortly afterwards in 1808, Smith named a moss genus Hookeria and read to the Linnean Society a formal description of a new genus, based on... | Wikipedia - The Paradisus Londinensis - Botanical significance > Dispute with Smith | 346 | 1,591 | null |
Article: Perthshire Society of Natural Science. Perthshire Society of Natural Science (PSNS) is one of the oldest scientific societies in Scotland, having been established in 1867. Under its parent body, it has four sections covering botany, ornithology, archaeology and history and photography. Now based at the A. K. B... | Wikipedia - Perthshire Society of Natural Science - Summary | 336 | 1,639 | null |
White identified thirteen species of fungi previously unknown in the British Isles, four of them new to science. He shared this interest with Beatrix Potter, who had often visited the area since she was a child, and they exchanged specimens and drawings. He left his collection of specimens, together with some botanical... | Wikipedia - Perthshire Society of Natural Science - Summary | 226 | 1,049 | null |
Section: Contents of the catalogue. An introduction explains the purpose of the book, the history of vice-county catalogues in Britain and Ireland, the development of the 2003 work, and the rationale for recording using vice-counties and the merits of this compared with grid-square recording. The bulk of the book (380 ... | Wikipedia - Vice-county Census Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Great Britain - Contents of the catalogue | 274 | 1,245 | null |
Section: History. In the early 20th century, the field of botany was rapidly expanding, but the publications in which botanists could publish remained limited and heavily backlogged. By 1905, it was estimated that 250,000 contributions were generated in 8 or 9 languages. At the 1911 annual meeting of the society in Was... | Wikipedia - American Journal of Botany - History | 335 | 1,723 | null |
Article: American Orchid Society. The American Orchid Society (AOS) is a horticultural society for education, conservation, and research of orchids. It was founded in 1921, and has an international membership. It is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. It has been called an "industry group". As of 2001 it was the larges... | Wikipedia - American Orchid Society - Summary | 151 | 724 | null |
Section: Publications. The society publishes a monthly magazine, Orchids, The Bulletin of the American Orchid Society and provides information about orchids and growing them via its website. The original title of the bulletin was American Orchid Society Bulletin from 1932 to 1995. Volume 1, Issue 1 of The American Orch... | Wikipedia - American Orchid Society - Publications | 339 | 1,685 | null |
Section: Judging orchids. The organization trains and credentials judges for orchid shows. To become an AOS Accredited Judge takes seven years of study and practice. There are 30 AOS judging centers throughout the United States. It also sanctions judging events and gives awards for outstanding examples of orchids. One ... | Wikipedia - American Orchid Society - Judging orchids | 212 | 1,130 | null |
Section: History. The American Orchid Society was formed in 1921 in Boston, Massachusetts at the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. At the first meeting a group of 35 men and one woman set goals of organizing orchid shows in various cities, establishing a plant register, and selecting a group of experienced growers t... | Wikipedia - American Orchid Society - History | 328 | 1,656 | null |
Section: New location. Facing financial struggles due to decreasing membership and donations and losses in its investments the AOS partnered with the Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and moved its facilities to the Fairchild campus in Coral Gables, Florida. Membership in 2001 was 29,000 in 2011 it was 10,000. With a $... | Wikipedia - American Orchid Society - New location | 235 | 1,157 | null |
Section: Former presidents. Former presidents of the society have included: William Trelease - Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden and the first president of the society Nathaniel Lord Britton - Cofounder of the New York Botanical Garden Margaret Clay Ferguson - Head of the Department of Botany at Wellesley Colle... | Wikipedia - Botanical Society of America - Former presidents | 191 | 1,046 | null |
Section: Membership. The Society's first meeting attracted 91 members. By the second meeting, held in January 1861, the Society had 140 paying members, including John A. Macdonald (who would later become Canada's first Prime Minister). William Leitch, the principal of Queen's College, was elected president, while Lawso... | Wikipedia - Botanical Society of Canada - Membership | 330 | 1,667 | null |
Article: Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles. "Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26,... | Wikipedia - Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles - Summary | 156 | 684 | null |
Section: Background. The paper reports a collection of Cneoridium dumosum in the Sierra de San Borja mountains of southern Baja California, representing a new disjunct distribution for the species. As described by Moran in a later 1983 article within a book on island biogeography, this disjunct population is part of a ... | Wikipedia - Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles - Background | 196 | 953 | null |
Section: Contents. Bookended by its lengthy, pangrammatic title, containing all of Moran's key points, and its copious acknowledgements, the full text of the article body is: I got it there then (8068). comprising just five words, the parenthetical reference number of the specimen collected, and a period. Moran's closi... | Wikipedia - Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles - Contents | 161 | 704 | null |
Section: Publishing. The paper was published in 1962 in volume 16, page 272, of the California Botanical Society's journal Madroño. The entire paper was republished under the heading "Reprinted Classic Madroño Articles" in Madroño, volume 60, p. 359 in 2013, the California Botanical Society's centennial year. The paper... | Wikipedia - Cneoridium dumosum (Nuttall) Hooker F. Collected March 26, 1960, at an Elevation of about 1450 Meters on Cerro Quemazón, 15 Miles South of Bahía de Los Angeles, Baja California, México, Apparently for a Southeastward Range Extension of Some 140 Miles - Publishing | 226 | 908 | null |
Article: Flora of North America. The Flora of North America North of Mexico (usually referred to as FNA) is a multivolume work describing the native plants and naturalized plants of North America, including the United States, Canada, St. Pierre and Miquelon, and Greenland. It includes bryophytes and vascular plants. Al... | Wikipedia - Flora of North America - Summary | 200 | 947 | null |
Article: University and Jepson Herbaria. The University and Jepson Herbaria are two herbaria that share a joint facility at the University of California, Berkeley holding over 2,200,000 botanical specimens, the largest such collection on the US West Coast. These botanical natural history museums are on the ground floor... | Wikipedia - University and Jepson Herbaria - Summary | 203 | 1,062 | null |
Section: University Herbarium. Founded in 1890 with the new Department of Botany, the focus of the University Herbarium is worldwide and includes vascular plants, bryophytes, algae, and fungi. Originally located in South Hall (UC Berkeley) the University herbarium grew rapidly and now contains over 2.2 million specimen... | Wikipedia - University and Jepson Herbaria - University Herbarium | 238 | 1,215 | null |
Section: Jepson Herbarium. The focus of the Jepson Herbarium is California vascular plants, including the native flora of California. It was established to "understand and conserve the California flora." In addition to the herbarium specimens research staff work on botanical projects that include updating The Jepson Ma... | Wikipedia - University and Jepson Herbaria - Jepson Herbarium | 169 | 859 | null |
Section: History > Editions. The first edition of The Jepson Manual was published in 1993 as The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California (TJM93), and was edited by James C. Hickman. The second edition was published in 2012, as The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Thoroughly Revised and Expanded (TJM2), ... | Wikipedia - The Jepson Manual - History > Editions | 171 | 725 | null |
Article: Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis. The Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Latin for "Little Book of the Medicinal Herbs of the Indians") is an Aztec herbal manuscript, describing the medicinal properties of 250 plants used by the Aztecs. It was translated into Latin by Juan Badiano, from a Nahuat... | Wikipedia - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis - Summary | 202 | 939 | null |
Section: History. In 1552 Jacobo de Grado, the friar in charge of the Convent of Tlatelolco and the College of Santa Cruz, had the herbal created and translated for Don Francisco de Mendoza, son of Don Antonio de Mendoza, the viceroy of New Spain. Mendoza sent the Latin manuscript to Spain, where it was deposited into ... | Wikipedia - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis - History | 341 | 1,510 | null |
Dal Pozzo and de' Stelluti were both members of the Accademia dei Lincei. There are several published editions of the manuscript, beginning with the one by William E. Gates in 1939, now reissued in an inexpensive edition by Dover Books. Gates acquired photographs of the manuscript in Latin and water color renderings of... | Wikipedia - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis - History | 335 | 1,701 | null |
The botanical aspects of the manuscript are significant, showing that the Nahuas had a classification system that was indeed highly sophisticated. As with Book 11, "The Earthly Things" of the Florentine Codex by Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún, the Badianus manuscript gives the Nahuatl names of plants, an illustration... | Wikipedia - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis - History | 260 | 1,204 | null |
Section: Modern editions. Several modern editions of the Libellus have been published since the 20th century. An English translation by William Gates appeared in 1939, followed by others including Emily Walcott Emmart and Henry E. Sigerist. A critical edition and Spanish translation by Francisco Guerra was published in... | Wikipedia - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis - Modern editions | 151 | 730 | null |
Section: Context. Before the late 19th century most American botanist and botanical studies were amateurish, which led to the creation of the Botanical Society of America. With developments in microscopy and methodologies, like staining, the study of botany moved from the field to the laboratory. The new laboratory met... | Wikipedia - A textbook of general botany - Context | 344 | 1,916 | null |
Section: Context > Authors > Gilbert M. Smith. Gilbert M. Smith first started to gain interest in biology in his undergraduate career in Beloit College, and it is here that he decided to follow a career in botany. In order to continue a graduate career in botany, Smith had to teach at the Wisconsin high school. However... | Wikipedia - A textbook of general botany - Context > Authors > Gilbert M. Smith | 341 | 1,748 | null |
Section: Content. The book contains 34 chapters on 409 pages, where each chapter discusses the foundations of a particular element of general botany. It serves as an introduction to general botany and gives the reader an overview of how botanical fields were explored at the time of publication. Smith and the co-authors... | Wikipedia - A textbook of general botany - Content | 301 | 1,619 | null |
Section: Reception. Smith et al.'s textbook was well-received by its public, especially students and teachers. The book was unique due to its thorough and detailed yet easily understandable writing style. It was larger than many other botany textbooks at the time, including a vast range of topics beyond the scope of mo... | Wikipedia - A textbook of general botany - Reception | 330 | 1,876 | null |
Without becoming completely erroneous, most of the information provided by this textbook might have become imprecise. Research about algae, lichens, mosses, fungi and bacteria, has led to structural changes in the phylogenetic classification. Thanks to progress in cellular and molecular biology, the metabolism of plant... | Wikipedia - A textbook of general botany - Reception | 151 | 811 | null |
Article: Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie is an ongoing multi-volume flora describing the vascular plants of New Caledonia (including the Loyalty Islands, Isles of Pines and Belep islands) in the South-West Pacific. published by the National Museum of Natural History in Paris since 1967. E... | Wikipedia - Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - Summary | 199 | 958 | null |
Section: List of published volumes. Volume 1 (1967) – Sapotaceae by A. Aubréville Volume 2 (1968) – Proteaceae by R. Virot Volume 3 (1969) –Pteridophytes (Ferns & Lycopods) by G. Brownlie Volume 4 (1972) – Gymnosperms by D.J. de Laubenfels Volume 5 (1974) – Lauraceae by A.J.G. Kostermans Volume 6 (1975) – Epacridaceae ... | Wikipedia - Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - List of published volumes | 345 | 1,037 | null |
Nielsen, Chrysobalanaceae by G. Prance, Plumbaginaceae by J. Edmondson Volume 13 (1984) – Convolvulaceae by H. Heine Volume 14 (1987) – Euphorbiaceae part I (including genera now placed in Picrodendraceae) by G. McPherson & C. Tirel Volume 15 (1988) – Hernandiaceae by J. Jérémie, Meliaceae by D.J. Mabberley, Oncothecac... | Wikipedia - Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - List of published volumes | 344 | 996 | null |
Barlow, Alseuosmiaceae (Periomphale) by C. Tirel & J. Jérémie, Paracryphiaceae (Paracryphia) by J. Jérémie, Tiliaceae (genera now placed in Malvaceae-Grewioideae) by C. Tirel Volume 21 (1997) – Sphenostemonaceae (Sphenostemon now placed in Paracryphiaceae) by J. Jérémie, Anacardiaceae by M. Hoff, Cruciferae by B. Jonse... | Wikipedia - Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - List of published volumes | 344 | 916 | null |
Article: Botany of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Etc.. The Botany of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Etc. is a description of the plants discovered in these islands during the Ross expedition written by Joseph Dalton Hooker and published by Reeve Brothers in London between 1845 and 1847. Hooker sail... | Wikipedia - Botany of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Etc. - Summary | 180 | 752 | null |
Section: Context. The British government fitted out an expedition led by James Clark Ross to investigate magnetism and marine geography in high southern latitudes, which sailed with two ships, HMS Terror and HMS Erebus on 29 September 1839 from Chatham. The ships arrived, after several stops, at the Cape of Good Hope o... | Wikipedia - Botany of Fuegia, the Falklands, Kerguelen's Land, Etc. - Context | 316 | 1,500 | null |
Article: Flora Huayaquilensis. Flora Huayaquilensis is the popular name for the body of work produced by botanist Juan José Tafalla Navascués while he was in South America. Navascués made one of the first expeditions to South America with a Spaniard who documented plants of the area. His unpublished works were kept in ... | Wikipedia - Flora Huayaquilensis - Summary | 299 | 1,421 | null |
Article: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana is a multivolume flora describing the vascular plants of the Guayana Region of Venezuela, encompassing the three states south of the Orinoco: Amazonas, Bolívar, and Delta Amacuro. Initiated by Julian Alfred Steyermark in the early 1980s, it was c... | Wikipedia - Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana - Summary | 160 | 759 | null |
Section: Volumes. The first volume, written primarily by Italian ecologist Otto Huber, is an introduction to the geography, ecology, botanical history and conservation of the Venezuelan Guayana, and includes two fold-out maps of the region (one vegetation and one topographical, both 1:2,000,000 scale). The subsequent e... | Wikipedia - Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana - Volumes | 336 | 1,334 | null |
ISBN 9780915279524. 799 pp., 1329 species treated, 621 line drawings. Volume 5, Eriocaulaceae–Lentibulariaceae (1999). ISBN 9780915279715. 833 pp., 1304 species treated, 707 line drawings. Volume 6, Liliaceae–Myrsinaceae (2001). ISBN 9780915279814. 803 pp., 1217 species treated, 657 line drawings. Volume 7, Myrtaceae–P... | Wikipedia - Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana - Volumes | 222 | 628 | null |
Section: Reviews. In his Guide to Standard Floras of the World, David G. Frodin cited Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana as an example of a "[g]ood modern, relatively 'concise' conventional flora". The introductory volume has been singled out as both a useful addition to the flora and a valuable work in its own right. Wri... | Wikipedia - Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana - Reviews | 332 | 1,550 | null |
Article: Hibiscus bifurcatus. Hibiscus bifurcatus, also known as the fork-bracted rose-mallow, is a species of tropical hibiscus native to parts of Central and South America, including Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The species is typically found in open woodlands, forest margins, and coastal regions, where it benefits from... | Wikipedia - Hibiscus bifurcatus - Summary | 203 | 1,002 | null |
Section: Habitat. In its native habitat, Hibiscus bifurcatus prefers trees that are well-drained, typically loamy or sandy in texture, with moderate organic content. The species is not particularly demanding in terms of soil composition but does require soils that do not retain excessive water, as waterlogged condition... | Wikipedia - Hibiscus bifurcatus - Habitat | 277 | 1,449 | null |
Section: Appearance. The leaves of Hibiscus bifurcatus are one of the species' most distinctive features. Unlike the broader, simple leaves of many other hibiscus species, H. bifurcatus exhibits bifurcated or forked leaves, with each leaf divided into two primary lobes. These deeply divided leaves contribute to the pla... | Wikipedia - Hibiscus bifurcatus - Appearance | 344 | 1,669 | null |
Section: Culture. Hibiscus bifurcatus typically grows as a woody shrub or small tree, with a bushy growth habit. Mature plants can reach 6 to 15 ft (1.8 to 4.6 m) in height, although they may exceed this range under optimal conditions. The plant tends to have multiple branching and a relatively dense canopy, which cont... | Wikipedia - Hibiscus bifurcatus - Culture | 332 | 1,580 | null |
Article: Historia naturalis palmarum. Historia naturalis palmarum: opus tripartitum ("Natural History of Palms, a work in three volumes") is a highly illustrated, three-volume botanical book of palms (Arecaceae) by German botanist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. The work is in Latin and was published in imperial fo... | Wikipedia - Historia naturalis palmarum - Summary | 335 | 1,581 | null |
The second volume described the palms of Brazil, and in the third, known as Expositio Systematica, he systematically described all known genera of the palm family, based on his own work and that of others. The majority of drawings of palms for the second volume, dedicated to Brazilian palms, were credited to Martius, w... | Wikipedia - Historia naturalis palmarum - Summary | 210 | 976 | null |
Article: Great American Interchange. The Great American Biotic Interchange (commonly abbreviated as GABI), also known as the Great American Interchange and the Great American Faunal Interchange, was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic biotic interchange event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from N... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Summary | 347 | 1,756 | null |
Section: Before the interchange > Isolation of South America. After the late Mesozoic breakup of Gondwana, South America spent most of the Cenozoic era as an island continent whose "splendid isolation" allowed its fauna to evolve into many forms found nowhere else on Earth, most of which are now extinct. Its endemic ma... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Isolation of South America | 329 | 1,402 | null |
One living South American marsupial, the monito del monte, has been shown to be more closely related to Australian marsupials than to other South American marsupials (Ameridelphia); however, it is the most basal australidelphian, meaning that this superorder arose in South America and then dispersed to Australia after ... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Isolation of South America | 318 | 1,302 | null |
As the large carnivorous metatherians declined, and before the arrival of most types of carnivorans, predatory opossums such as Thylophorops temporarily attained larger size (about 7 kg). Metatherians and a few xenarthran armadillos, such as Macroeuphractus, were the only South American mammals to specialize as carnivo... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Isolation of South America | 303 | 1,274 | null |
Terrestrial sebecid (metasuchian) crocodyliforms with ziphodont teeth were also present at least through the middle Miocene and maybe to the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Some of South America's aquatic crocodilians, such as Gryposuchus, Mourasuchus and Purussaurus, reached monstrous sizes, with lengths up to 12 m (compar... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Isolation of South America | 279 | 1,065 | null |
The notoungulates and litopterns had many strange forms, such as Macrauchenia, a camel-like litoptern with a small proboscis. They also produced a number of familiar-looking body types that represent examples of parallel or convergent evolution: one-toed Thoatherium had legs like those of a horse, Pachyrukhos resembled... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Isolation of South America | 205 | 861 | null |
Section: Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals. The invasions of South America started about 40 Ma ago (middle Eocene), when caviomorph rodents arrived in South America. Their subsequent vigorous diversification displaced some of South America's small marsupials and gave rise to – among others – c... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 330 | 1,470 | null |
By the Pliocene, some caviomorphs (e.g., Josephoartigasia monesi) attained sizes on the order of 500 kg (1,100 lb) or larger. Later (by 36 Ma ago), primates followed, again from Africa in a fashion similar to that of the rodents. Primates capable of migrating had to be small. Like caviomorph rodents, South American mon... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 350 | 1,601 | null |
Ucayalipithecus remains dating from the Early Oligocene of Amazonian Peru are, by morphological analysis, deeply nested within the family Parapithecidae of the Afro-Arabian radiation of parapithecoid simians, with dental features markedly different from those of platyrrhines. The Old World members of this group are tho... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 341 | 1,502 | null |
Emballonurids may have also reached South America from Africa about 30 Ma ago, based on molecular evidence. Vespertilionids may have arrived in five dispersals from North America and one from Africa. Natalids are thought to have arrived during the Pliocene from North America via the Caribbean. Tortoises also arrived in... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 350 | 1,585 | null |
This was South America's first eutherian carnivore. South American procyonids then diversified into forms now extinct (e.g. the "dog-coati" Cyonasua, which evolved into the bear-like Chapalmalania). However, all extant procyonid genera appear to have originated in North America. The first South American procyonids may ... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 332 | 1,357 | null |
These taxa are a gomphothere (Amahuacatherium), peccaries (Sylvochoerus and Waldochoerus), tapirs and Surameryx, a palaeomerycid (from a family probably ancestral to cervids). The identification of Amahuacatherium and the dating of its site is controversial; it is regarded by a number of investigators as a misinterpret... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Before the interchange > Pre-interchange oceanic dispersals | 306 | 1,302 | null |
Section: Effects and aftermath. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama led to the last and most conspicuous wave, the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI), starting around 2.7 Ma ago. This included the immigration into South America of North American ungulates (including camelids, tapirs, deer and horses), probosci... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Effects and aftermath | 340 | 1,592 | null |
(No extinctions in North America are plainly linked to South American immigrants.) Native South American ungulates did poorly, with only a handful of genera withstanding the northern onslaught. (Several of the largest forms, macraucheniids and toxodontids, have long been recognized to have survived to the end of the Pl... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Effects and aftermath | 315 | 1,377 | null |
Due in large part to the continued success of the xenarthrans, one area of South American ecospace the Nearctic invaders were unable to dominate was the niches for megaherbivores. Before 12,000 years ago, South America was home to about 25 species of herbivores weighing more than 1,000 kg (2,200 lb), consisting of Neot... | Wikipedia - Great American Interchange - Effects and aftermath | 303 | 1,341 | null |
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