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Administrative division See also: List of ryoseikoku	行政区画としての山陽道令制国一覧 > 山陽道
One of the Goki-Shichido, referring to a region of Honshu along the Seto Inland Sea The region west of Kinai and along the Seto Inland Sea, from present-day West Hyogo Prefecture to Yamaguchi Prefecture, was collectively called Sanyodo.	五畿七道の一つで、本州の瀬戸内海側を指す。畿内の西に位置し、現在の兵庫県西部から山口県までに至る瀬戸内海沿岸を総称した。
Harima-no-kuni Mimasaka-no-kuni - separated from Bizen-no-kuni in 713.	播磨国美作国 - 713年（和銅6年）に備前国より分割。
Bizen-no-kuni Bichu-no-kuni Bingo-no-kuni Aki-no-kuni Suo-no-kuni Nagato-no-kuni	備前国備中国備後国安芸国周防国長門国
After the fall of Kamakura, he served Takauji ASHIKAGA, becoming the first head of Monchujo in the Muromachi bakufu.	鎌倉滅亡後は足利尊氏に仕え室町幕府初代問注所執事となる。
In 1333, after the fall of the Kamakura bakufu, he was appointed Zassho-Ketsudanshoshu (member of the agency of Kenmu government to file lawsuits). In 1336, he became the first head of Monchujo in the Muromachi bakufu. In 1341, he passed his position on to Akiyuki OTA, his grandson. On March 21, 1345, he died at the ag...	1333年（元弘3年）鎌倉幕府滅亡後、雑訴決断所衆 1336年（延元元年/建武 (日本)3年）室町幕府初代問注所執事 1341年（興国2年/暦応4年）孫・太田顕行に職を譲る 1345年（興国6年/康永4年）2月9日 77歳で没
The Ujigami (ancient ancestral or tutelary deity of a clan or family) heads for the main gate of the shrine, parading with pine torches and watch fires are made here and there in the town.	集落各所に焚かれたかがり火の中を、氏神が松明を持って練り歩いて神社山門を目指す。
It is known as one of the three most eccentric festivals of Kyoto.	京都三大奇祭の一つに数えられる。
Main purposes of the dispatch of Tosen A prevailing view on the Jishazoeiryotosen was that, as described above, they were dispatched out of necessity of the bakufu or shines and temples, but recent studies suggest that merchants in Hakata rather had the purpose of trade and that the willingness to use a part of profits...	唐船の派遣主体上記のごとく寺社造営料唐船は、幕府や寺社側の必要性から派遣されたというのが通説であったが、近年の研究では、むしろ貿易船の主体は博多などの商人であり、利潤の一部を寺社の造営費用にあてるというのは看板に過ぎなかったとの見方が提唱されている。
Major Jishazoeiryotosen Jishazoeiryotosen commonly took the route between Hakata and Neiha City (later Ningbo, Mingzhou) but sometimes used the seaport in Fuzhou instead of Qingyuan.	主な寺社造営料唐船寺社造営料唐船は、主に博多と寧波市（後の明州、寧波）を結ぶルートを往還したが、慶元の代わりに福州市港が利用されたこともある。
At that time, Sesson Yubai, a Zen priest of Kennin-ji Temple entered Yuan, which may have related to this Tosen. The trading vessel seem to have traveled again in 1307. When trouble between Shihakushi and Japanese merchants triggered arson and looting on a street in Neiha City, Sesson Yubai was arrested and charged wit...	なお、この時期に建仁寺の禅僧雪村友梅が入元しているが、この唐船と関連していた可能性もある。貿易船は翌徳治2年（1307年）にも再航した模様である。寧波市の市舶司と日本商人との間のトラブルにより街が放火・掠奪される事件があり、間諜（スパイ）の容疑で雪村友梅が捕えられている。
Chugan Engetsu, Fumon Kaimon, and other Zen priests went on board to study in Yuan. On the other hand, Zen priests in Yuan, Seisetsu Shocho (at the request of Takatoki HOJO), as well as Japanese priests, Kosen Ingen and Muin Genkai are believed to have been on board traveling to and return from Japan.	なお、禅僧中巌円月・不聞契聞らが同船し、元に遊学している。また逆に、元の禅僧清拙正澄（得宗北条高時が来日を要請）や、すでに渡元していた日本僧古先印元・無隠元晦らが同船し、来日・帰国を果たしたと見られる。
A record says that trading ships had been suspended for ten years before the Tenryu-ji zoeiryotosen mentioned later was dispatched in 1342, indicating that this Sumiyoshi-jinja zoeiryotosen was the last Jishazoeiryotosen during the Kamakura period. After that Tosen stopped coming and going partly because the Kamakura b...	後述の天龍寺船派遣（1342年）の際に日元間の貿易船が10年間途絶していたとあることから、この住吉社船が鎌倉時代における最後の寺社造営料唐船である。以後は鎌倉幕府が滅亡したこともあり、唐船の往還は停止した。
Tenryu-ji zoeiryotosen For details, see Tenryujibune.	天龍寺造営料唐船詳細は天龍寺船を参照
With the profits from this Tosen, the Tenryu-ji Temple was built and completed in November 1343.	この唐船の利益をもとに天龍寺の建立が行われ、康永2年（1343年）11月竣工している。
Ryobyoin zoeiryotosen (Suspension) The dispatch was planned by a medical doctor Nyudo Dosen (入道道仙) in Tajima Province in 1367 for repair and construction of the Ryobyoin. The Yuan Dynasty was threatened by the newly emerged Ming Dynasty, and pressed northward to the Mongolian plateau (to become Hokugen - the successor ...	寮病院造営料唐船（中止）貞治6年（1367年）医師の但馬国入道道仙が寮病院造営のために計画したが、中止されている。翌年、元は新興の明王朝に圧迫され、北のモンゴル高原へ後退した（北元）。
Mitsushige HIROHASHI (February 22, 1797 - September 29, 1862) was a court noble in the Edo period. He was a son of Tanesada HIROHASHI, and his mother was a daughter of Yorihiro HAMURO. His wife was a daughter of Masayuki (雅之) ASUKAI.	広橋光成（ひろはしみつしげ、寛政9年1月26日 (旧暦)（1797年2月22日） - 文久2年閏8月6日 (旧暦)（1862年9月29日））は、江戸時代の公家。広橋胤定の子、母は葉室頼熈の娘。室は飛鳥井雅之の娘。
Hachiro FUJISAKI (1843 - July 8, 1864) was a warrior of Tosa clan. Hachiro FUJISAKI was an elder brother of Kichigoro FUJISAKI who died in Sanjo notice board incident. Hachiro's given name was Seiki. Hachiro FUJISAKI was first named Jutaro and later called himself Hachiro.	藤崎八郎（ふじさきはちろう、天保14年(1843年) - 元治元年6月5日 (旧暦)(1864年7月8日)）は、幕末の土佐藩士。三条制札事件で死亡した藤崎吉五郎の兄。名を誠輝。初め寿太郎を称したが後に八郎を名乗る。
Donei Eio (1424 - 1504) was a priest of the Soto sect in the Muromachi period. His secular surname was Fujiwara. His posthumous name was Eio. His dogo (a pseudonym as a priest) was Donei. He was from Kyoto.	曇英恵應（どんえいえいおう、応永31年（1424年） - 永正元年（1504年））は室町時代の曹洞宗の僧。俗姓は藤原氏。諱は恵應。道号は曇英。京都の出身。
Located in Nakagyo-ku Ward of Kyoto City, Kyoto City Heiankyo Sosei-Kan is a museum which occupies the first floor of Kyoto City Life-long Education Center (Kyoto Asny). It opened on October 6, 2006.	京都市平安京創生館（きょうとしへいあんきょうそうせいかん）は京都市中京区にある博物館施設で、京都市生涯学習総合センター（京都アスニー）1階に所在。 2006年（平成18年）10月6日に開館した。
It is a major renewal of its predecessor 'Heiankyo Historical Zone' which, opened in April 2005, used to exhibit a few items such as a reconstruction model of the city structure of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto). In addition to the previous exhibits, it displays many items of excava...	2005年（平成17年）4月開設当時は「平安京歴史ゾーン」と呼ばれており、平安京復元模型をはじめとする数点の展示内容だったものを大幅にリニューアル。従来の展示内容に加え、パネル展示による解説を新たに設けた他、多数の出土品を展示している。
This museum houses relics of Heiankyu sake-no-tsukasa (the office in charge of the imperial use of sake, sweet sake, or vinegar etc.) soko (storage site), where tiles are placed indicating the pillar holes positions of the warehouse. These relics were designated as an official historical site by Kyoto City in 1997.	現地には平安宮造酒司倉庫跡地があり、柱の穴の跡がタイル張りで残されている。この跡地は平成9年に京都市から史跡指定を受けている。
Mamoru WATANABE (1610 - year of death unknown) was a person who lived during the Edo period. He was a vassal of Tsunashige TOKUGAWA of Kofu Domain. He was commonly called Gon no hyoe. He was born as the fist son of Tadasu WATANABE.	渡辺守（わたなべまもる、慶長15年（1610年）－？）は江戸時代の人物。甲府藩徳川綱重家臣。通称は権兵衛。渡辺糺の長男として生まれる。
Generally, it is hung on hands that are put flat together on the occasions of Buddhist rites, Buddhist memorial services and/or praying to Buddha, Bodhisattva, memorial tablet of the deceased. The way to hang on the hands is different from sect to sect.	一般に仏事・法要の際、仏・菩薩・物故者の霊位などに礼拝するときに、合掌した手にかける。手へのかけ方は宗派によって相違がある。
Monks sometimes hang it on the neck instead of hands.	僧侶が手ではなく首にかけて用いる場合もある。
At present, there are bracelet-type juzu, called udewa nenju (or wanju, bracelet nenju), which are miniaturized juzu that uses elastic as an inner string so that it can be hung on the arms. However, udewa nenju is not suitable for use for the original purpose of juzu, due to its size.	最近では腕輪念珠（腕珠）と呼ばれる、数珠を小型化し中糸をゴムなどにして腕に着けられるようにしたブレスレット的な数珠がある。ただし腕輪念珠は、数珠本来の用途に用いるには大きさに無理がある。
"Goshi" is a Shinto term that refers to the enshrinement of kami (deity, spirit) from one shrine at another shrine (this is called yosemiya). This term also means enshrinement of two or more kami at one shrine (this is called aidono). Goshi is also known as gosai or gafusai.	合祀（ごうし）とは、神道の用語で、ある神社の祭神を、別の神社で合わせて祀ること（寄宮）。または、一つの神社に複数の祭神が祀られている状態のこと（相殿）。合祭（ごうさい、がふさい）とも言う。
Many shrines were abolished after their kami were moved to other shrines as a result of the Jinja-goshi (shrine mergers) in the Meiji and Taisho periods. Some of those abolished shrines were later rebuilt and the kami, which had been enshrined at other shrines, were returned (this restoration is called fukushi).	明治から大正にかけての神社合祀では多数の神社が合祀の末、廃社された。これら廃社された神社の中には、後に合祀されていた祭神を戻し（復祀）、再建されたものもある。
Yasutada WAKISAKA was a feudal lord and a member of shogun's council of elders during the late Edo period. He was the eighth lord of the Tatsuno Domain of Harima Province. He was also the tenth head of the Wakisaka family of the Tatsuno Domain.	脇坂安董（わきさかやすただ）は江戸時代後期の大名、老中。播磨龍野藩第8代藩主。龍野藩脇坂家10代。
Naijusho was an extra statutory office established in the latter half of the Nara period under the ritsuryo system. Naijusho controlled over the Naiju officials who attended the emperor and the female attendants, while guarded the Imperial Palace.	内豎省（ないじゅしょう）は日本律令制で奈良時代後期に設置された令外官。天皇に近侍する内豎及び後宮十二司を統括するとともに、内裏の警護にあたった。
The 16th Roppeita KITA (December 6, 1924 to -), is a Noh actor of the shite-kata Kita school (one of the five schools of shite-kata [main roles]). The 16th headmaster of the head family in the Kita school. The present head of the family. His previous name was Nagayo.	十六世喜多六平太（じゅうろくせきたろっぺいた、1924年（大正13年）12月6日 -）とは、シテ方喜多流能楽師。喜多流十六世宗家。当代。前名、長世。
The eldest son of Minoru KITA. He learned from his grandfather, Roppeita Kita (14th) and his father. Sadayo KITA is his younger brother.	喜多実の長男。祖父喜多六平太 (14世)、父に師事。弟に喜多節世。
Brief Personal History April 16, 1402: Nichiu was born in the Nanjo family in Fuji-ueno (near the present Taiseki-ji Temple). In his tender years Nichiu became one of the disciples of the eighth high priest Nichiei.	略歴 1402年4月16日、富士上野（現在の大石寺近郊）の南条家に出生。幼少にして8世日影の弟子となる。
August 1419: Nichiu, at the age of 17, was chosen by the eighth high priest Nishiei as his successor through granting of Kechimyaku Sojo (transmission of the heritage of the teachings) and engaged himself in missionary activities for an extended period of time, travelling throughout various districts, such as Oshu (Nor...	1419年8月、17歳で8世日影から血脈相承を受けて奥州から京都、越後国などの諸国へ長期間にわたり布教を進めた。
March 1432: Nichiu submitted a written opinion about Kokka Kangyo (advising the government to convert the whole nation to the right religion) to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun). This opinion paper is respectfully read out at Oeshiki (a Buddhism mass) held every autumn.	1432年3月には幕府へ国家諌暁の申し状を上呈した。この申し状は毎年秋の御会式で奉読されている。
November 6, 1445: Nichiu made a replica of honzon (the main object of worship in a Buddhist temple, which is a mandala chart in this case) of Nichiren Shoshu.	1445年（文安2年）11月6日、本尊 (日蓮正宗)を模刻す。
January 1458: Nichikaku, a senior priest of Chikuzen Province (northwestern area of Fukuoka Prefecture), listened to and recorded Nichiu's oral teachings at Taiseki-ji Temple.	1458年（長禄2年）1月、筑前阿日格大石寺に日有の法門を聴き之を録す。
July 18, 1460: Nichiu made a replica of honzon and gave it to Nichigen KATO of Nihasama, Rikuzen Province (Miyagi Prefecture and a part of Iwate Prefecture).	1460年（寛正1年）7月18日、本尊を書写し陸前二迫加藤日源に授与す。
March 22, 1461: Nichiu made a replica of honzon and gave it to Nichian of Sonobe, Shimotsuke Province (Tochigi Prefecture).	1461年（寛正2年）3月22日、本尊を書写し下野薗部日安に授与す。
January 11, 1462: Nichijuu NANJO started writing Nichiu Shonin Onmonogatari Chomonsho (records of oral teachings given by the Venerable Nichiu) which consisted of three volumes.	1462年（寛正3年）1月11日、南条日住、日有上人御物語聴聞抄3巻の稿を始む。
June 2, 1463: Nichiu made a replica of honzon and gave it to the senior priest Nichiryo of Kanai-ise, Shimotsuke Province (Tochigi Prefecture).	1463年（寛正4年）6月2日、本尊を書写し下野金井伊勢阿日量に授与す。
February 1465: Nichiu had the treasure house of Taiseki-ji Temple rebuilt in small-sized azekura-zukuri (a log house-like configuration of triangular woods). March 1465: Nichiu had a Reception Hall for Taiseki-ji Temple constructed.	1465年（寛正6年）2月、大石寺御宝蔵を小校倉造りに改む。 3月、大石寺客殿を創建す。
June 8, 1467: Nichiu had Hokkedo (Honko-ji Temple) built in Komase, Suruga Province (the middle part of Shizuoka Prefecture).	1466年（文正1年）6月8日、駿河駒瀬に法華堂（本広寺）を創す。
1467: The 10th high priest Nichijo inherited the sacred teachings of Buddha from Nichiu, but Nichiu had to reassume the post of the head priest in 1472 due to the death of both Nichijo and the 11th high priest Nittei.	1467年（応仁1年）、10世日乗に法を相承したものの、10世日乗、11世日底の遷化により1472年（文明_(日本)4年）、再登座。
July 16, 1475: Nichiu made a replica of honzon and gave it to Hachiro-zaburo ONOZATO.	1475年（文明7年）7月16日、本尊を書写し小野里八郎三郎に授与す。
May 23, 1476: Renyobo of Yoshina, Tosa Province (Kochi Prefecture) produced a record of oral teachings given by Nichiu. July 15: Nichiu made a replica of honzon and gave it to Ukyo no Daibu of Yoshina, Tosa Province.	1476年（文明8年）5月23日、土佐吉奈連陽房、日有聞書を録す。 7月15日、守本尊を書写し土佐吉奈右京大夫に授与す。
1478: Nichiu had Yogyo-ji Temple built in Yodoshi, Suruga Province.	1478年（文明10年）、駿河淀師に要行寺を創す。
1482: Nicchin inherited the sacred teachings of Buddha from Nichiu. September 29, 1482: Nichiu passed away.	1482年（文明14年）、法を12世日鎮に付す。同年9月29日、遷化（死去）した。
Nichiu suffered from leprosy during his last years, and lived in seclusion in the place called Sugiyama. He visited Taiseki-ji Temple on lecture days. It is said that he had to wear geta (wooden clogs) with one support as the trails in Mt. Osugi in those days were full of rocks and normal geta with two supports would n...	晩年は、宿病（らい病）をわずらい杉山に隠棲した。御講日には大石寺へ登山した。当時の大杉山は岩がゴロゴロとしており、通常の下駄では石や岩が挟まってしまうため、一本歯の下駄を履かれたという。
FUJIWARA no Suenari (1102 - March 21, 1165) was a Kugyo (top court official) at the end of the Heian period. He was part of the Kanin line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan. He was the seventh son of FUJIWARA no Kinzane. He was Shonii (Senior Second Rank) and Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of stat...	藤原季成（ふじわらのすえなり、康和4年（1102年） - 長寛3年2月1日 (旧暦)（1165年3月14日））は、平安時代末期の公卿。藤原北家閑院流。大納言藤原公実の七男。正二位・権大納言。加賀大納言と号す。
Nariko became the choki (favorite mistress) of Emperor Goshirakawa, and gave birth to princes and princesses including Cloistered Imperial Prince Shukaku, Prince Mochihito, Imperial Princess Ryoshi (Inpumonin), Imperial Princess Shikishi, Imperial Princess Koshi, and Imperial Princess Kyushi.	成子は後白河天皇の寵妃となり、守覚法親王、以仁王、亮子内親王（殷富門院）、式子内親王、好子内親王、休子内親王といった皇子女を儲けた。
Chonmage is a topknot tied by old men in the Edo period.	丁髷（ちょんまげ）とは江戸時代の老人が結う男髷。
Sanpatsudattokatterei (so-called dampatsurei [order of bobbed hair]) was issued as Dajokan fukoku (proclamation by the Grand Council of State) on August 9, 1871.	明治4年8月9日に散髪脱刀勝手令（いわゆる断髪令）が太政官布告された。
It took a lot of trouble for many people to keep the chonmage hairstyle by shaving the top of the head with a razor everyday like fictional characters' one seen in paintings, ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints), kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and period dramas, etc.	絵画、浮世絵、歌舞伎、時代劇などに出てくる頭頂部を剃った丁髷の髪型に多くの人々が、日々剃刀などで整えることは、予想以上に手間のかかることである。
Making clear the background of the needs for chonmage can lead to a better understanding of the pre-dampaturei society.	その必要性の背景を明らかにすることは、断髪令以前の社会を更に理解することにつながると思われる。
On the other hand, 'chonmage' seen in cartoons and character goods is simplified, which simplified chonmage may be based on chasenmage (a hair-style like a tea whisk) because mage (topknot) is rolled up vertically from the back of the head with the tips of hair spread roundly.	また、幼児向けの漫画やキャラクター商品で「ちょんまげ」と称しているものは簡略化されているが、後頭部から垂直に髷を巻き立て毛先を円形に広げていることから茶筅髷を参考にしていると思われる。
Biography He was born the son of Kanemichi, who was the second son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke, who held great power as udaijin in the Imperial Court of Emperor Murakami. He was awarded Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) in 961.	生涯村上天皇のときの朝廷の実力者右大臣藤原師輔の二男兼通の子として生まれる。応和元年（961年）従五位下に叙せられる。
When his father became Kanpaku in 975, Akimitsu was also promoted to Sangi (Royal Advisor) and joined the noble court. In 977, he smoothly moved up to the position of Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state). However, in the same year, Kanemichi became ill and died.	父の兼通が関白になると、顕光も引き立てられ、天延3年（975年）に参議となり公卿に列する。貞元_(日本)2年（977年）には権中納言へ順調に昇進した。ところが、同年、兼通は病に倒れ死去してしまった。
At about this time, the widow Genshi fell in love with Sangi MINAMOTO no Yorisada. Akimitsu became furious and forcibly cut off Genshi's hair and made her join a nunnery.	この頃、未亡人となった元子が参議源頼定と恋仲になった。これに顕光は激怒し、元子の髪を無理やりに切って尼にさせるという事件を起こしている。
In 1016, Emperor Sanjo was pressured into abdicating his thrown by Michinaga on account of an eye disease he had developed, and because Emperor Sanjo had been isolated in the Imperial Court, agreed to abdicate his thrown to Imperial Prince Atsuhira under the condition that his eldest son Imperial Prince Atsuakira becom...	長和5年（1016年）、三条天皇は眼病を理由に道長から強く退位を迫られ、宮中で孤立していた三条天皇はこれに屈して敦成親王への譲位を認めるが、自らの第一皇子の敦明親王を東宮とすることを条件とした。道長はこれを受け入れた。
Imperial Prince Atsuakira was married to Akimitsu's daughter Enshi and they already had a child, meaning the possibility of becoming related to the imperial family opend up for Akimitsu. However, Akimitsu had already passed the age of 70. His son Shigeie had already joined the priesthood by this time.	敦明親王には顕光の娘の延子が嫁して子も生んでおり、再び外戚となる可能性が出てきた。もっとも、この時点で顕光はすでに70歳を超えている。また、息子の重家も思うところあって既に出家していた。
Imperial Prince Atsuhira was enthroned and became Emperor Goichijo. As promised, Imperial Prince Atsuakira became the Crown Prince; however, the Crown Prince was unrelated to Michinaga and his father-in-law was not reliable at all, putting him in a very unstable position.	敦成親王が即位して後一条天皇となった。東宮には約束通り、敦明親王が立てられたが、道長とは外戚関係のない親王であり、まして舅の顕光は頼りにならず、全く不安定な立場だった。
In April 1017, Michinaga resigned the post of sadaijin and Akimitsu became sadaijin.	翌寛仁元年（1017年）3月、道長が左大臣を辞し、代わって顕光が左大臣に昇った。
According to "Jikkinsho" (Miscellany of Ten Maxims), this incident caused Akimitsu's hair to go grey overnight, flaring his resentment for Michinaga and he had Doman ASHIYA, cast a spell on Michinaga.	『十訓妙』によると、この事件のために顕光は一夜にして白髪になってしまい、さらに道長を怨んで蘆屋道満に呪詛させたという。
The elderly Akimitsu continued his service as sadaijin for several more years. In 1021, Michinaga sent his daughter, FUJIWARA no Ishi [Takeko], to the Imperial court of Emperor Goichijo, and Akimitsu again made a blunder at the ceremony of her official enthronement as Empress, to which he was denounced by Michinaga.	老齢の顕光はそれでも左大臣として数年出仕を続けた。同2年（1018年）道長は後一条天皇に娘の藤原威子を入内させ、その中宮への立后の儀式のときに顕光はまたも失態をして、道長から罵倒されている。
In 1021, Akimitsu died at the age of 78.	治安元年（1021年）顕光は78歳で死去した。
Kegon-ji Temple is a temple belonging to the Rinzai Sect located in Nishigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. The principal image is Dainichi Nyorai. Its formal name is Kegon-ji Temple but is commonly known as Suzumushi-dera Temple after the bell crickets (suzumushi) that are reared all year round.	妙徳山華厳寺（みょうとくさん　けごんじ）は京都府京都市西京区にある臨済宗の寺院。本尊は大日如来。正式名称は華厳寺であるが、スズムシを四季を通して飼育しているため、通称鈴虫寺（すずむしでら）と呼ばれている。
The temple is renowned for its garden with numerous varieties of bamboo, a Kofuku Jizo (happiness Jozo deity) wearing straw sandals that is said will grant only one wish, the hospitality of tea and cakes provided to visitors by the monks as well as suzumushi (bell cricket) sermons, and is an example of a Kyoto temple t...	様々な種類の竹を集めた庭園や、わらじをはき、願い事を一つだけ叶えるという「幸福地蔵」、僧侶による参拝者への茶菓のもてなしと鈴虫説法等も有名で、京都市内の寺院の中でも特に積極的な拝観者招致策を展開し、成功した例としても知られる。
Chikurin-ji Temple is a Risshu sect temple located in Arisato Town, Ikoma City, Nara Prefecture. It is known as the location of the tomb of the famous monk Gyoki from the Nara Period. Its sango (literally "mountain name," a title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple) is Mount Ikoma-yama. Its principle im...	竹林寺（ちくりんじ）は、奈良県生駒市有里町にある律宗の寺院。奈良時代の著名な僧・行基の墓があることで知られる。山号は生馬山。本尊は文殊菩薩騎獅像。
Mizuhiki is a string to decorate gifts and envelopes and varies in shape and color depending on the intended purpose of use. Strings for use in Kazarihimo (decoration string) are also called as Mizuhiki. They are used as materials not only for Kazarihimo but also for other decorative objects such as figurines shaped li...	水引（みずひき）は贈答品や封筒に付けられる飾り紐のことで、その形や色により様々な使い分けを行う。もしくは、飾り紐などに使われる紐。また飾り紐としてだけでなく、ツルや船などの置物や髪飾りとしても使用される。
Tsunako TAKATSUKASA (March 17, 1798 - May 14, 1823), later Zokogo (a title of empress given after her death) Tsunako, was the nyogo (a court title of the Emperor's consort) of the Emperor Ninko during the late Edo period. Her nyoingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the emperor or a woman of ...	鷹司繋子（たかつかさつなこ、寛政10年2月1日 (旧暦)（1798年3月17日） - 文政6年4月4日 (旧暦)（1823年5月14日））、のちの贈皇后繋子は、江戸時代後期の仁孝天皇の女御。女院号は新皇嘉門院（しんこうかもんいん）。
Magatama (also written with the characters for "curved jewels") have been used for personal adornment in Japan since ancient times. Magatama are also called "曲玉 (magatama)", curved jewels.	勾玉（まがたま、曲玉とも表記）は、古代の日本における装身具の一つである。曲玉とも呼ばれる。
The first two magatama that form an X shape when put together back-to-back discovered in the country were found in remains at Bakuro-machi, from the early part of the Kofun Period. They were excavated from the ruins at Bakuro-machi in Yonago City, Tottori Prefecture. From an article reported in the Sankei News, April 4...	古墳時代前期の博労町遺跡から、全国初の2個が背中合わせになったX字形の勾玉が発掘された。鳥取県米子市の博労町遺跡から発掘。産経新聞2008年4月4日付より。
The Yasakani no magatama is included as one of the three Sacred Treasures (Imperial Regalia) passed along within the Imperial family. In addition, magatama have been excavated at royal tombs in Korea, such as those at Tomb of King Muryong, and the theory that these originated in Japan is widely accepted.	天皇家に伝わる三種の神器の一つに、八尺瓊勾玉という勾玉が数えられる。また武寧王陵など大韓民国内の王墓からも発掘されており、これらは日本から伝来したものという説が有力である。
Zenno-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Shingon Sect Sennyu-ji School located in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City. It is one of the sub-temples within the precincts of Sennyu-ji Temple and the principal image is Sho Kannon. It is the 18th site on the Rakuyo Kannon Pilgrimage of 33 Temples in Kyoto City.	善能寺（ぜんのうじ）は、京都市東山区にある真言宗泉涌寺派の寺院。泉涌寺の塔頭のひとつで、本尊は聖観音。洛陽三十三所観音霊場第18番札所である。
History According to one theory, Zenno-ji Temple originated with a temple founded at Hachijo-dori Street and Aburanokoji-dori Street by Kukai in the year 823. It was later relocated to its current site in 1551 by the order of Emperor Gonara.	歴史この寺は、一説によれば823年（弘仁14年）に空海が八条通油小路通の地に創建したのに始まるという。 1551年（天文 (日本)20年）に後奈良天皇の命で現在地に移された。
The present main hall was constructed using donations contributed by the victims of the Toa Domestic Airlines Flight 533 crash in 1971 to pray for all airline crash victims and an end to accidents.	現在の本堂は1971年（昭和46年）のばんだい号墜落事故の遺族の寄進により、すべての航空殉難者の慰霊と事故の絶無を祈願して建立されたものである。
"Futon" is a short novel which was written by Katai TAYAMA. It was published in the August 1907 issue of 'Shinshosetsu' magazine, and later it was included in "Kataishu" (collection of Katai), which was published through Ekifusha.	『蒲団』（ふとん）は、田山花袋の中編小説。「新小説」1907年8月号に掲載され、のち易風社から刊行された『花袋集』に収録された。
A yose originally referred to a permanent hut operated by a promoter where professionals of rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), rokyoku (naniwabushi recitation), kodan storytelling, manzai or a comic dialogue, or magicians entertained their audiences by exhibiting their skills in speaking or trickery.	寄席（よせ）とは、都市において落語・浪曲・講談・漫才・奇術などの技芸を観客に見せるため席亭（興行主）が経営する常設の興行小屋である。
Genju KEIAN (1427-July 8, 1508) was a priest of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism in Japan, who formed the Satsunan School (school of Neo-Confucian in Satsuma).	桂庵玄樹（けいあんげんじゅ、1427年（応永34年）- 1508年6月28日（永正5年6月1日 (旧暦)））は、薩南学派を形成した臨済宗の僧侶。
"Bunshi-ten" are guiding marks for rendering Chinese into Japanese, that were created by Kiyo Hoshu, the first in Japan to lecture on "Shisho Shicchu" by Chu His, and these were then corrected by Genju KEIAN and revised by Bunshi Gensho. Bunshi-ten became the mainstream way of reading the Four Books...	日本で初めて朱熹の『四書集註』を講義した岐陽方秀が施した訓点を玄樹が補正し、更にそれを文之玄昌が改訂したのが「文之点」である。文之点は、近世、四書読解の主流となった。
Later, Genju KEIAN became the chief priest of Kennin-ji Temple and Nanzen-ji Temple, constructed Toki-an in Satsuma in 1502, and lived there. He died in 1508 at the age of 82. His books include "Kaho Waten," "島陰文集," "島隠漁唱" among many others.	その後、建仁寺や南禅寺の住持となり、1502年に薩摩に東帰庵を営んで同地に住んだ。 1508年、82歳で死去。著書に『家法倭点』、『島陰文集』、『島隠漁唱』など多数ある。
Mitsutsune's second son Mitsusuke later resided in Nagasawa, Ecchu Province, and continued his family line by the name of Nagasawa, and Mitsukuni NAGASAWA was one of the known descendants who lived in the Sengoku period (period of warring states).	後代、次男光助が越中国長沢に居住したことからその子孫が長沢氏として存続し、戦国時代 (日本)には長沢光国などを輩出している。
Tokiyuki YAMASHINA (December 3, 1632 - June 5, 1665) was a court noble in the early Edo period. He was the third son of Tamekata FUJITANI, and adopted by Tokifusa YAMASHINA. He was the father of Mochitoki YAMASHINA and Takayasu SHIJO.	山科言行（やましなときゆき、寛永9年10月22日 (旧暦)（1632年12月3日） - 寛文5年4月22日 (旧暦)（1665年6月5日））は、江戸時代前期の公家。山科言総の養子、藤谷為賢の三男。山科持言、四条隆安の父。
He was so eager to gain the benefit from marriage of convenience that he married off his two daughters to two heads of Sekke (line of regents and advisers), Fusasuke TAKATSUKASA and Kaneteru ICHIJO, respectively, but he died young at the age of 34 while he was serving as Sangi (councilor).	娘を鷹司房輔・一条兼輝の2人の摂家当主に嫁がせるなど政略結婚に力を入れたが、参議在任中に34歳の若さで病死した。
Chugu-ji Temple, next to Horyu-ji Temple in Ikaruga-cho, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture, is noted in connection with Prince Shotoku. It belongs to the Shotoku sect. Its sango (temple's title) is Hokozan and its honzon (principal image of Buddha) is Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion). Its Kaiki (patron o...	中宮寺（ちゅうぐうじ）は、奈良県生駒郡斑鳩町の法隆寺に隣接する、聖徳太子ゆかりの寺院である。宗派は聖徳宗に属す。山号を法興山と称し、本尊は如意輪観音である。開基（創立者）は聖徳太子とされている。
Hokan (also called Taiko) is a profession of a man who indulges hosts and guests at a drinking party such as a banquet or ozashiki (banquets in which guests are attended by geisha), does performances himself, and helps geisha (Japanese professional female entertainers at drinking party) and maiko (apprentice geisha) to...	幇間（ほうかん、または、たいこ、とも読む。）は、宴席やお座敷などの酒席において主や客の機嫌をとり、自ら芸を見せ、さらに芸者・舞妓を助けて場を盛り上げる男性の職業をいう。
Tadakuni MIZUNO was a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate) who lived during the Edo Period.	水野忠邦（みずのただくに）は、江戸時代の大名・老中。
Imperial Prince Tadayoshi (also known as Yukiyoshi, year of birth unknown - September 7, 1424) was a member of the Imperial Family in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) and the Muromachi period, and was also the second Prince of Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, and an Imperial descendant of Emperor Godaig...	尹良親王（ただよし（ゆきよし）しんのう、生年不詳 - 応永31年8月15日 (旧暦)（1424年9月7日））は、南北朝時代 (日本)・室町時代の皇族で宗良親王の第2皇子、後醍醐天皇の皇孫にあたる。
Motozane KONOE (1143 - August 30, 1166) was a noble in the late Heian period. His father was FUJIWARA no Tadamichi. His mother was Saneko, a daughter of MINAMOTO no Kunizane. His children were Motomichi KONOE and Tadayoshi AWATAGUCHI. His wives included a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tadataka and TAIRA no Seishi, a daughter...	近衛基実（このえもとざね、康治2年（1143年）－永万2年7月26日 (旧暦)（1166年8月23日））は平安時代末期の公卿。父は藤原忠通。母は源国信の娘・信子。子に近衛基通、粟田口忠良がいる。妻は藤原忠隆の娘、平清盛の娘・平盛子などがいる。
In 1160, he was designated as Sadaijin (minister of the left), and in 1165, he rose to the Sessho (regent) of Emperor Rokujo. On August 30, 1166, however, he died of illness at the young age of twenty four. He was posthumously awarded the post of Dajodaijin (Prime Minister) and the rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank).	1160年には左大臣に叙され、1165年には六条天皇の摂政となる。しかし翌年7月26日、わずか24歳の若さで病により死去。死後、正一位、太政大臣を追贈された。
Additionally, Morozane started the Konoe family, which later became one of Gosekke (literally, "the five Sekke," meaning five regent families).	なお、この基実から始まる系統が、後に五摂家の一つとなった近衛家である。
He was a fair-skinned, thin, and good-looking man.	また、容姿は色白、痩せていて、美男だったという。
His career Dates used here are based on the lunar calendar. On January 21, 1151, Motozane had a ceremony of attaining manhood and was awarded the rank of Shogoinoge. He was appointed as Sakone no shosho. He was permitted shoden (access to the throne) and to wear kinjiki (forbidden colors).	官歴日付＝旧暦 1150年（久安6）12月25日、元服し、正五位下に叙位。左近衛少将に任官。昇殿や禁色を許される。
On February 1, 1151, he rose to the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained his position as Sakone no shosho.	1151年（久安7）1月6日、従四位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。
In January of the same year (1151) (the date is not known) after the era had been changed to Nimpei, he was designated as Omi no suke (Assistant Provincial Governor of Omi) as well.	改元して仁平元年月日不詳、近江介を兼任。
On February 26, 1151, he rose to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and retained his position as Sakone no shosho and Omi no suke.	2月2日、正四位下に昇叙し、左近衛少将・近江介如元。
On April 21, 1152, he rose to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and retained his position as Sakone no shosho.	1152年（仁平2）3月8日、従三位に昇叙し、左近衛少将如元。
On October 15, he was transferred to the office of Sakonoe no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Palace Guards).	9月9日、左近衛中将に転任。
On February 9, 1153, he rose to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and retained his position as Sakonoe no chujo.	1153年（仁平3）1月7日、正三位に昇叙し、左近衛中将如元。

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