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Act Six: Shikaseidan It is used as kusuguri. | 六段目:鹿政談 くすぐりとして使われる。 |
Act Seven: Yakusha Musuko (a son who is an actor) It ends with a sage in which an actor falls from the seventh step of the stairs. It is also performed under the title of "Shichidanme" (Act Seven). | 七段目:役者息子 階段の七段目から落ちた、というサゲになる。 そのまま「七段目」という演題でも演じられる。 |
Act Nine Though the story exists, it is seldom performed since its sage is hard to understand. | 九段目 噺そのものはあるが、サゲが分かりにくいためあまり演じられていない。 |
Act Ten: Rihei AMANOYA (Rakugo) (Gihei AMAKAWAYA) It is a so-called "barebanashi." Its sage is the scene in which Rihei AMANOYA (Gihei AMAKAWAYA), who was mistaken for a woman, says "Rihei AMANOYA (Gihei AMAKAWAYA) is a man." | 十段目:天野屋利兵衛 (落語)(天川屋義平) いわゆる「バレ噺」。 女と間違えられた天野屋利兵衛(天川屋義平)が、「天野屋利兵衛(天川屋義平)は男でござる」と言うサゲ。 |
It is believed that rakugo narratives based on Section 8 and Section 11 do not exist. | 八段目と十一段目を題材とした落語は存在しないといわれている。 |
Relation between karyukai (world of the geisha) and "Chushingura" In karyukai (world of geisha), songs based on popular kabuki plays are sometimes created. "Sasayabushi" is the representative song based on "Kanadehon Chushingura." | 花柳界と『忠臣蔵』の関係 花柳界では、人気のあるお芝居を伏線とする唄が作られることがある。 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』では笹や節が代表である。 |
Its direct source is believed to be rokyoku (naniwabushi, storytelling with shamisen accompaniment) "Gishiden," which is based on "Chushingura," and some parts of the song are sung in rokyoku-style, even though the song is categorized as a folk song. | 『忠臣蔵』を元とした浪曲『義士伝』が直接の参照元といわれ、俗曲に分類される曲でありながら、浪曲的な歌い方をする個所がある。 |
The words of the song vary depending on different schools, but the contents are basically the same, and therefore an example is given below. | 歌詞については流派により異なるが、内容としてはほぼ同じなため、以下に歌詞の一例をあげる。 |
Gengo OTAKA sells bamboo grass on the bridge and waits for the day of a raid. Wearing a red raincoat and manjukasa (knitted straw rain hat) in the snow, Genzo AKAGAKI walks drunkenly and drowns his leave-taking in drink. While being in agony at Nanbuzaka, Oishi also took leave with his heart hardened and says in the snow "Come, Terasaka". | 笹や 笹笹 笹や笹 笹はいらぬかすす竹を 大高源吾は橋の上 あした待たるる宝船 赤の合羽に饅頭笠 降りくる雪もいとわずに 赤垣源蔵は千鳥足 酒にまぎらすいとま乞い 胸に血を吐く 南部坂 忠義にあつき大石も 心を鬼にいとま乞い 寺坂来たれと雪の中 |
Kamigata rakugo is comic storytelling mostly performed in the areas around the prefectures of Osaka and Kyoto. | 上方落語(かみがたらくご)とは、大阪府・京都府を中心とする地域で主に演じられる落語。 |
Jodo-in Temple is a Buddhist convent belonging to the Pure Land sect located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City. The principal image is Amida Nyorai. It is affectionately known as 'Yu Takusan Cha Kuren-ji.' | 浄土院(じょうどいん)は、京都市上京区にある浄土宗の尼寺。 本尊は阿弥陀如来。 「湯沢山茶くれん寺」名で親しまれている。 |
History The temple is reputed to have been established during the Heian period as the sub-temple for retirement of the Tendai Sect Hanju-in Temple in modern-day Hanjuinmae-cho, Imadegawa Street Senbon Higashi-iru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City. | 歴史 この寺は、現在京都市上京区今出川通千本東入般舟院前町にある天台宗寺院般舟院の隠居寺として、平安時代に建立されたという。 |
Cultural property Important Cultural Property Wooden standing statue of Amida Nyorai | 文化財 重要文化財 木造阿弥陀如来坐像 |
Address 179 Minamiue Zentera-machi, Imadegawa Street Senbon Nishi-iru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture | 所在地 京都府京都市上京区今出川通千本西入南上善寺町179 |
Kyoto Gakuren Jiken (Kyoto Affair of the Student Federation) was a suppression incident occurring on and after December 1925 against the left wing student movement in the Kyoto Imperial University and so forth. It has been known as the first incident to apply the Maintenance of Public Order Law in Japanese mainland. | 京都学連事件(きょうとがくれんじけん)は1925年(大正14年)12月以降、京都帝国大学などでの左翼学生運動に対して行われた弾圧事件。 日本内地では最初の治安維持法適用事件として知られる。 |
Koemon ISONO (November 12, 1825 - June 11, 1903) was an entrepreneur, primarily based in Osaka from the end of Edo Period to Meiji Period. He was born in Abu County, Nagato Province. | 磯野 小右衛門(いそのこえもん、文政8年10月3日 (旧暦)(1825年11月12日) - 明治36年(1903年)6月11日)は、幕末から明治にかけて大阪を中心に活躍した実業家。 長門国阿武郡出身。 |
A Japanese Temple | 日本の寺院 |
The families of the Toki clan were not only in Mino Province but also scattered around the Kanto region such as Hitachi and Kazusa Provinces, and many branch families such as Akechi, Doi, Kanamori, Hachiya, and Hida clans were generated from the Toki clan in Mino Province. | 土岐氏は美濃国のみならず常陸国、上総国など関東に点在した他、美濃国内には明智氏、土井氏、金森氏、蜂屋氏、肥田氏など多くの庶流が輩出された。 |
The family crest of the Toki clan bears Mizuiro Kikyo-mon (a light blue-colored pattern of chinese bellflower), and is known for its colored pattern, not black and white. The Kikyo-mon was first used as their family crest to commemorate Mitsuhira TOKI, who fought in battles with Kikyo (chinese bellflower) attached to his helmet. The pattern is called "Toki Kikyo". | 家紋は水色桔梗紋で、白黒紋でなく彩色紋として知られる。 土岐光衡が戦争で桔梗花を兜に挟んで戦ったのを記念して、家紋としたのが始まりである。 「土岐桔梗」と呼ばれている。 |
Even today, there are some places such as Toki City, Gifu Prefecture and Toki Town, Mizunami City, whose names are associated with the Toki clan, and Kikyo (chinese bellflower) is designated as a flower of Toki City. | 現在も地名で、岐阜県土岐市や瑞浪市土岐町などゆかりの地名があり、土岐市の市の花は、桔梗である。 |
Wakan konkobun was a Japanese writing style generated in the late Heian period. | 和漢混淆文(わかんこんこうぶん)は、平安時代後期に生まれた日本語の文体。 |
The earliest representative work of literature written in the mixed writing of Japanese and Chinese is "Konjaku Monogatari" (The Tale of Times Now Past), followed by "Tsurezure gusa" (Essays in Idleness) and "Heike Monogatari" (The Tale of the Heike). | 和漢混淆文で書かれた最初期の文学としては『今昔物語』、その後の代表的な日本文学としては、『徒然草』や『平家物語』などが挙げられる。 |
Gando gaeshi (to pivot one large piece of scenery onto its side so as to reveal a different one) is a stage term used in Kabuki and means one of 'Idokoro-gawari' (place change) methods for scene changes or a device which uses Gando-gaeshi. In general it is used for a scene change which is made in a short time. | 強盗返・龕灯返(がんどうがえし)とは歌舞伎で用いる舞台用語で場面転換の方法である「居所変(居所替, いどころがわり)」の一つ、若しくは強盗返を用いた仕掛け。 一般的には短時間で行なう場面転換で用いられる。 |
Doshisha English School (Doshisha Eigakko) is a private school that Joseph Hardy Neesima (Joe NIIJIMA) established in Kyoto in 1875. It is the forerunner of Doshisha University. | 同志社英学校(どうししゃえいがっこう)は、新島襄が1875年に京都に創設した私立学校。 同志社大学の前身。 |
It is mentioned along with Tokyo Senmon Gakko (Waseda University, as of now) established by Shigenobu OKUMA and Keio Gijuku (Keio University, as of now) established by Yukichi FUKUZAWA in the textbook titled "A detailed history of Japan revised edition" published by Yamakawa Publishing Company and authorized by the Ministry of Education. It is one of three eminent Japanese private schools. | 文部科学省認定山川出版社詳説日本史 改訂版に大隈重信の東京専門学校(現、早稲田大学)、福澤諭吉の慶應義塾(現、慶應義塾大学)と並び記載されている。 日本三大私学の一つ。 |
Inuoumono is one of the manners of the art of Japanese archery that started from the Kamakura period. It is one of the Kisha-Mitsumono (three archeries with riding a horse), along with Yabusame (horseback archery) and Kasagake (horseback archery competition). | 犬追物(いぬおうもの)は鎌倉時代から始まったとされる日本の弓術の作法の一つ。 流鏑馬、笠懸と共に騎射三物の一つに数えられる。 |
ARIWARA no Narihira (825 - July 13, 880) was an aristocrat who lived in the early Heian period. He was a poet, being a member of Rokkasen (Six best Waka poets) and Sanjurokkasen (Thirty-six immortal poets), and he is also considered to be the main character of Ise Monogatari (The Tales of Ise). | 在原業平(ありわら の なりひら、天長2年(825年) - 元慶4年5月28日 (旧暦)(880年7月9日))は平安時代初期の貴族。 歌人であり、六歌仙、三十六歌仙のひとり、また伊勢物語の主人公とみなされる。 |
There is a theory that Narihira and Imperial Princess Yasuiko had an affair resulting in the birth of Moronao who was later to be adopted by Shigenori TAKASHINA, resulting in rumors that the Takashina clan were descendants of Narihira. | なお、恬子内親王との間には密通によって高階茂範の養子・師尚が生まれたという説があり、以後高階氏は業平の子孫ではと噂された。 |
As for his career as a poet, he had 30 of his poems selected for "Kokin Wakashu" (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry). | 歌人としては『古今和歌集』に30首が入集している。 |
Career | 官歴 |
845: He was appointed Sakone no shogen (Lieutenant in the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards). | 承和 (日本)12年(845年)、左近衛将監に任官。 |
February 5, 847: He was appointed Kurodo. | 承和14年(847年(承和14)1月12日、蔵人に補任。 |
February 7, 849: He was appointed to the Jugoinoge rank. | 嘉祥2年(849年)1月7日、従五位下に叙位。 |
April 13, 862: He was promoted to the Jugoinojo rank. | 貞観_(日本)4年(862年)3月7日、従五位上に昇叙。 |
March 7, 863: He was appointed Sahyoe no gon no suke (Provisional Assistant Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards). | 貞観5年(863年)2月10日、左兵衛権佐に任官。 |
April 21, 864: He was reassigned as Sakone gon no shosho (Provisional Minor Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards). | 貞観6年(864年)3月8日、左近衛権少将に転任。 |
March 9, 865: He was transferred to the post of Umanokami. | 貞観7年(865年)3月9日、右馬頭に遷任。 |
February 25, 869: He was promoted to the Shogoinoge rank (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) while still holding the Umanokami post. | 貞観11年(869年)1月7日、正五位下に昇叙し、右馬頭元の如し。 |
February 12, 873: He was promoted to the Jushiinoge rank (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) while still holding the Umanokami post. | 貞観15年(873年)1月7日、従四位下に昇叙し、右馬頭元の如し。 |
February 26, 875: He was reassigned as Ukone no Gon no chujo. | 貞観17年(875年)1月13日、右近衛権中将に転任。 |
January 2, 878: He was promoted to the Jushiinojo rank (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) while remaining Ukone no Gon no chujo. | 元慶元年(877年)11月21日、従四位上に昇叙し、右近衛権中将元の如し。 |
February 20, 878: He was concurrently appointed Deputy Governor of Sagami Province. | 元慶2年(878年)1月11日、相模権守を兼任。 |
October, 879: He was appointed Kurodo no to. He was concurrently appointed Deputy Governor of Mino Province. He resigned as Deputy Governor of Sagami Province. | 元慶3年(879年)10月、蔵人頭に補任。 美濃権守兼任。 相模権守を去る。 |
July 13, 880: He died. He was 56 years old. When he died, he held the Jushiinojo rank, was Ukone no Gon no chujo, and concurrently was Deputy Governor of Mino Province. | 元慶4年(880年)5月28日、卒去。 享年56。 時に従四位上行右近衛権中将兼美濃権守 |
Areas associated with him Narihira himself or characters modeled after Narihira appear in many stories or literary works. Legends featuring Narihira have spread across Japan, and there is even a place called 'Narihira.' | ゆかりの地 業平自身や業平がモデルとされる人物はさまざまな物語や文献に登場している。 業平に関連した伝説は日本各地に伝わっており、「業平」という地名も存在する。 |
Tenri City and Ikaruga-cho in Nara Prefecture, and Yao City in Osaka Prefecture | 奈良県天理市、斑鳩町、大阪府八尾市 |
Yatsuhashi, Chiryu City, Aichi Prefecture This name appears in Ise Monogatari. It is believed that it refers to Yatsuhashi in Chiryu City and surrounding cities (Anjo and Toyota Cities). | 愛知県知立市八橋 伊勢物語に登場する地名。 現在の知立市八橋とその周辺(安城市・豊田市)と言われる。 |
Excerpts from Kaido-ki (diary of a journey): So I arrived in Mikawa Province. On my horse I passed Chiryu and went on for a few miles, and there I found a bridge called Yatsuhashi. | 海道記;かくて參河の國に至りぬ。 雉鯉鮒が馬場をすぎて數里の野原を分くれば、一兩の橋を名づけて八橋といふ。 |
Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture The Jurin-ji Temple in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, is also known as the Narihira-dera Temple, where ARIWARA no Narihira spent the last days of his life. | 京都府京都市 京都市西京区にある十輪寺 (京都市)は在原業平が晩年住んだといわれる寺で、業平寺とも言われる。 |
Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture There is a legend that ARIWARA no Narihira in his last years retired to the Arihara area of Makino-cho in Takashima City, and there is a tower that is said to be Narihira's grave. There is also a restaurant, 'Narihira noodle,' in this area. | 滋賀県高島市 高島市マキノ町在原には、在原業平が晩年に隠遁したという伝説があり、業平の墓と伝えられる塔がある。 「業平そば」も存在する。 |
He changed his name to SHIBUKAWA in 1702. This was because his ancestors ruled Shibukawa-gun, Kawachi Province, but moved to Yasui-go, Harima Province and then returned to the old estate at Shibukawa. His written works were 'Nihon Choreki,' 'Sanrekiko,' and 'Jokyo-reki sho.' | 元禄15年(1702年)に渋川に改姓した。 これは、先祖が河内国渋川郡を領していたが、播磨国安井郷に変わり、再び渋川の旧領に還ったためである。 著書に「日本長暦」・「三暦考」・「貞享暦書」がある。 |
February 26, 1184: He was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Grade) and remained in the same position of Sessho, Naidaijin and Toshi choja. March 13: He resigned from the position of Sessho, Toshi choja and Naidaijin. | 寿永3年(1184年)1月6日、正二位に昇叙し、摂政・内大臣・藤氏長者如元。 1月22日、摂政・藤氏長者・内大臣を辞任。 |
September 28, 1232: He entered into the Buddhist priesthood. Homyo (a name given to a person who enters into the Buddhist priesthood): Daishin | 貞永元年(1232年)9月6日、出家。 法名:大心 |
November 18, 1238: He died at the age of 67. His posthumous name was Tennoji. | 嘉禎4年(1238年)10月4日、薨去。享年67 天王寺と号す。 |
Nagaaki INAGAKI (also known as Nagaakira INAGAKI) was the sixth lord of Toba clan of Shima Province. The tenth head of the Inagaki family of Toba clan. | 稲垣 長明(いながき ながあき(ながあきら))は、志摩国鳥羽藩の第6代藩主。 鳥羽藩稲垣家10代。 |
His oldest son Nagayuki succeeded him. | 後を長男の長行が継いだ。 |
Shuden-zukuri style is the term proposed in architectural history for indicating the architectural style of samurai residences during the Muromachi period. | 主殿造(しゅでんづくり)は、室町時代の武家住宅の様式として建築史で提唱された言葉である。 |
(Source: Housing History in Japan, Kiyoshi HIRAI.) | (参照:平井聖「日本住宅の歴史」) |
No buildings of the Shuden-zukuri style have survived from that time and its characteristics can only be surmised from existing related documents. Although built more recently, it is said that the shoin (drawing room) at Onjo-ji Temple maintains some aspects of the Shuden-zukuri style. The floor, shelves and shoin give an impression of an old-fashioned shoin. | 当時の主殿造の建築遺構は残っておらず、文献類から様子が知られるのみ。 時代は下がるが、園城寺にある書院は、主殿造の様式を残していると言われる。 床、棚、書院を備えており、古風な書院といった印象を受ける。 |
The Reception Hall of Kangakuin (built in 1600) and Reception Hall of Kojoin (built in 1601) at Onjo-ji Temple are National Treasures. The shoin that was once in Nikko-in of Onjo-ji Temple was dismantled and reconstructed in Tokyoto become the Gekko-den (literally, a moon light hall) at Gokoku-ji Temple (Important Cultural Property). | 園城寺の勧学院客殿(1600年)、光浄院客殿(1601年)は国宝。 また、園城寺の日光院にあった書院は東京に移築され護国寺月光殿になっている(重要文化財)。 |
The Tokyo period is a notion devised as a way to refer to the period after 1868, when the Edo bakufu collapsed and the Meiji restoration was started, within the framework of periodization of Japanese history. | 東京時代(とうきょうじだい)とは、日本の歴史における時代区分のうちで、江戸幕府が崩壊して明治維新が開始された1868年以後についての呼称として考え出された概念の一つ。 |
Tokinobu ROKKAKU (1306 - September 20, 1346) was a samurai (warrior) who lived in the Kamakura period and the Northern and Southern Courts period. He was the family head of the Rokkaku clan in Omi Province (direct line of descent of the Sasaki clan). He was a son of Yoritsuna SASAKI. He was a father of Ujiyori ROKKAKU. | 六角時信(ろっかくときのぶ、徳治元年(1306年) - 興国7年/貞和2年8月26日 (旧暦)(1346年9月17日))は、鎌倉時代、南北朝時代 (日本)の武士。 近江国六角氏(佐々木氏嫡流)当主。 佐々木頼綱の子。 六角氏頼の父。 |
Chidori no Kyoku (a song for plover) is a musical composition for koto (a long Japanese zither with thirteen strings) and kokyu (Chinese fiddle) composed by Yoshizawa Kengyo (the highest title of the official ranks within the Todo-za [the traditional guild for the blind]) (the second). | 千鳥の曲(ちどりのきょく)は、吉沢検校(二世)が作曲した、箏(こと)と胡弓のための楽曲。 |
Honkyoku (traditional Japanese music) is a musical piece composed for each instrument in sankyoku music. It is also referred to as honte-gumi. Examples are "Kumoi no Kyoku" for koto, "Ryukyu Gumi" for shamisen, "Tsuru no Sugomori" for kokyu, and "Shika no Tone" for Shakuhachi. | 本曲 (ほんきょく)は、三曲の音楽において、それぞれの楽器固有の曲として作曲されたもの。 本手組ともいう。 例えば箏の『雲井の曲』、三味線の『琉球組』、胡弓の『鶴の巣籠』、尺八の『鹿の遠音』など。 |
Honte is a melody part of the original music. Kaete is an accompanying part composed for an ensemble contrary to honte. | 本手(ほんて)は、原曲の旋律パート。 替手(かえて)は本手に対して合奏用に作られた対旋律パート。 |
Sankyoku is a collective name for three instruments of jiuta shamisen, koto, and kokyu specialized by the blind musicians belonging to Todo-za, as well as a collective name for jiuta, koto music, and kokyu music played with these instruments. An ensemble of the instruments is called sankyoku gasso. Sankyoku has included shakuhachi since Meiji period. | 三曲は、当道座に属する盲人音楽家たちが専門とした地歌三味線、箏、胡弓の三種の楽器の総称、またそれらの音楽である地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽の総称。 これらの楽器の合奏を三曲合奏という。 明治以降尺八が参入して、現在では尺八も含まれる。 |
On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development. | いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。 |
Especially "Chidori no Kyoku" diffused as a koto music not only in the Nagoya line but also into various groups in Ikuta school, and even into Yamada school to be played in almost all schools in Meiji period and later. | 特に『千鳥の曲』は明治以降、箏曲としては名古屋系のみならず広く生田流各派、さらには山田流にも普及し、ほとんどの流派で演奏される曲となった。 |
Kumiuta (koto suites of songs) | 組歌 |
Danmono (type of koto) | 段もの |
Koto music in an instrumental style regarded as sohonkyoku (traditional Japanese music for koto) along with kumiuta. Each section includes 104 beats, and the number of sections varies from song to song. Many of them take a form like a variation. Although it is honkyoku, danmono is played with other instruments. "Rokudan no Shirabe" is a masterpiece of danmono. | 組歌と共に箏本曲とされる器楽曲形式の箏曲。 各段104拍で、段数は曲によってさまざま。 変奏曲のような展開をとるものが多い。 本曲ではあるが、段ものは他楽器との合奏が行なわれる。 『六段の調』はその代表曲。 |
Ritsu scale (anhemitonic pentatonic scale) | 律音階 |
One of scales used in Japanese music. The scale was fixed when gagaku (traditional Japanese music) was Japanized in Heian period. Although miyako-bushi scale was later introduced into some instruments for the traditional Japanese music, gakuso still uses ritsu scale in its tuning. | 日本音楽の音階の一つ。 雅楽が平安時代に日本化して固定した音階。 なお雅楽はその後楽器によっては一部都節音階化しているが、楽箏はその調弦によく律音階が残っている。 |
Miyako-bushi scale | 都節音階 |
One of scales used in Japanese music. It is assumed to be a variation of ritsu scale. Miyako-bushi scale is mainly used in artistic music in modern cities such as koto music and shamisen music. Among popular songs, "Sakura Sakura" and "Oedo Nihonbashi" are based on this scale. Almost synonymous with 'Insenpo.' | 日本音楽の音階の一つ。 律音階が変化して生まれたと思われる。 箏曲、三味線音楽など近世都市の芸術音楽を中心に使われる。 身近な歌では『さくらさくら』『お江戸日本橋』などもこの音階でできている。 「陰旋法」とほぼ同義。 |
Ikuta school | 生田流 |
A school of koto music. Established by Ikuta Kengyo in Kyoto in Genroku era. It is said that shamisen and koto had not been played for ensemble even by the same player until he started it. While separating into many groups, the school spread from Nagoya to Kyushu in Edo period, and even to eastern Japan and northern Japan after the Meiji Restoration. | 箏曲の流派。 元禄の頃京都の生田検校が創始。 それまで三味線と箏は演奏者が同じでも合奏させることはなかったが、彼に至って地歌に箏を合奏することを始めたと言われる。 以後いくつもの派に分かれつつ江戸時代には名古屋から九州まで広がり、明治維新後は東日本、北日本にも普及した。 |
Yamada school | 山田流 |
A school of koto music. Yamada Kengyo in Edo established the school around 1777 against Ikuta school in Kamigata. It spread into eastern Japan. Its music took in the style of Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) including Icchubushi melody, and focuses on songs. | 箏曲の流派。 上方中心の生田流に対し、江戸の山田検校が1777年頃に創始。 東日本に広まった。 その音楽は一中節など浄瑠璃のスタイルを取り入れ、歌本位。 |
Musical composition It employs a style of jiuta 'tegotomono' consisting of introduction - maeuta (first vocal section) - tegoto (instrumental intermezzo) - atouta (second vocal section). | 曲の構成 前弾き(前奏) - 前唄 - 手事 - 後唄の、地歌「手事もの」の形式をとっている。 |
The introduction is like traditional Japanese music, where koto uses a technique of gakuso and kokyu plays chords like sho (Japanese flute). | 前弾きは雅楽的で、箏は楽箏風な手法、胡弓は笙風な和音を奏でる。 |
The words in the first vocal section is a waka poem 'Shiho no yama sashide no iso ni sumu chidori, kimiga miyo oba yachiyo tozo naku' (しほの山さしでの磯にすむ千鳥 君が御代をば八千代とぞ鳴く) taken from Ga no bu (the Ga [celebration] section) of "Kokin Wakashu." Kimiga miyo oba yachiyo tozo naku...' is repeated, the beginning of the introduction appears, and tegoto starts after a while. | 前唄は『古今和歌集』賀の部より採った和歌「しほの山さしでの磯にすむ千鳥 君が御代をば八千代とぞ鳴く」が歌詞として節付けされている。 「君が御代をば…」がもう一度反復され、前弾きの冒頭部分が現れて一段落すると手事に移る。 |
Roei is a genre of the traditional Japanese music, or a vocal music singing a Chinese-style poem to a melody. Accompanied by hichiriki (Japanese shawm), ryuteki flute, and sho. More than ten songs are still played. | 朗詠は雅楽の一ジャンルで、漢詩に旋律を付けて歌われる声楽。 篳篥(ひちりき)、竜笛、笙で伴奏する。 現在でも十数曲伝えられている。 |
That is, it still takes a form of 'tegotomono' as a style, and the composition changed. | つまり、いまだ形式として「手事もの」の形をとっており、構成に変化がある。 |
It was composed by a composition technique impressively describing nature and has a certain gorgeousness. | 自然描写が印象的な作曲法によってなされ、それなりに華やかさも持っている。 |
Words are waka poems as they are taken from Kokinshu, and the music also shows revivalistic intentions to kumiuta and the traditional Japanese music. | 歌詞は古今集などの和歌そのものであり、音楽的にも組歌や雅楽などへの復古的志向が至る所に見られる。 |
The composition technique that directly covers the traditional Japanese music may have been the first one in the line of Ikuta school. | 直接的に雅楽を取り入れた作曲法は、生田流系としては初めてのことと思われる。 |
An ensemble of kokyu and koto alone without shamisen had seldom been seen in the past. | 三味線が入らず、胡弓と箏のみの合奏は、これまであまり見られなかった方向である。 |
The originalities and the revivalistic intentions are mixed in many ways as described above, the song has many interesting points. | このように斬新さと復古志向が様々に混合され、聴きどころのきわめて多い曲といえる。 |
There is a part of kokyu resembling chords of sho that is an instrument for the traditional Japanese music and describing the winds through pines with a technique of kokyu, which got to be used often in later times to show an atmosphere of the traditional Japanese music. | また胡弓の技法として、雅楽器である笙の和音を模し、また松風を描写している部分があるが、この手法は後世も雅楽の雰囲気を出すためしばしば使われるようになった。 |
Some schools play the kokyu part added later and different from the original one composed by Yoshizawa Kengyo. This was also added resembling the tune of koto to sound like a unison, which is hardly called kokyu honkyoku (traditional Japanese music for kokyu). | 胡弓パートは流派によって、吉沢検校作の本来の胡弓パートではない、後世に付けられた別のものを演奏することもある。 これも尺八パートと同じく箏の旋律に沿って付けられたもので、ユニゾンに近く、胡弓本曲とは言えない。 |
Utashito NAKASHIMA (1896 - 1979, a koto musician and founder of Seiha Hogaku Kai) later composed "Yomo no Umi" (the sea all around) which can be played ensemble with Chidori no Kyoku. Some composers also arranged Chidori no Kyoku for an ensemble with Japanese instruments or Western instruments. | のちに、中島雅楽之都(なかしまうたしと(1896年 - 1979年)箏曲家・正派邦楽会の創始者)が、千鳥の曲に合奏できる箏曲『四方(よも)の海』を作曲している。 また、何人かの作曲家により、和楽器の合奏用や洋楽器との合奏用に編曲されてもいる。 |
The utamakura (a place famed in classical Japanese poetry) 'Shiho no yama' sung in the first vocal part is located in Koshu City (former Enzan City), Yamanashi Prefecture, and 'Sashide no iso' is located in Yamanashi City, Yamanashi Prefecture. | 前唄で詠われている歌枕「しほ(塩)の山」は山梨県甲州市(旧塩山市)、「さしで(差手)の磯」は同県山梨市にある。 |
Kimiga miyo oba yachiyo tozo naku'" in the first vocal section is a double meaning of 'chiyo' which means eternity and the sound made by a chidori (plover). | 前唄の「君が御代をば八千代とぞ鳴く」というのは、千鳥の鳴き声がチヨチヨと聴こえるので、「千代」にかけたもの。 |
A waka poem of 'Awaji-shima kayou chidori no naku koe ni' is also included in Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets). | 「淡路島 通ふ千鳥の鳴く声に」の歌は、小倉百人一首にも入れられている。 |
The utamakura, the bay of 'Suma,' sung in the second vocal section is a beach with green pines and white sand located in Suma Ward, Kobe City in the present days. Awaji-shima Iland is seen beyond the Akashi Strait. There was a sekisho (checking station) as a west gate of Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara). It is known for Suma no maki of "The Tale of Genji." | 後唄で歌われている歌枕「須磨」の浦は、今の神戸市須磨区にある白砂青松の海岸。 明石海峡を挟んで淡路島を望む。 畿内の西の玄関として関所が設けられていた。 『源氏物語』須磨の巻で知られる。 |
A part of the introduction is used in some scenes of "TORA! TORA! TORA!," a movie featuring Attack on Pearl Harbor. | 前弾きの一部が、真珠湾攻撃を題材とした映画『トラ・トラ・トラ!』のいくつかの場面で使われている。 |
A koto kumiuta "Umegae" allegedly composed by Yatsuhashi Kengyo is also occasionally called 'Chidori no Kyoku.' | 八橋検校作曲と伝えられる箏曲組歌『梅ヶ枝』の別名として「千鳥の曲」と呼ぶ場合もある。 |
Iwachidori (Amitostigma keiskei) is a perennial plant in Orchidaceae family. | イワチドリはラン科の宿根草。 |
The Kameoka Matsuri Festival is a reisai (regular festival) of Kuwayama-jinja Shrine that takes place for three days from October 23 to October 25 annually in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. The festival is also called the "Gion matsuri Festival of Tanba" and the "Autumn matsuri Festival of Kameoka." | 亀岡祭(かめおかまつり)は、京都府亀岡市で毎年10月23日から10月25日までの3日間行われる祭で鍬山神社の例祭である。 また、「丹波の祇園祭」、「亀岡の秋祭り」などともいわれている。 |
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