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His hogo (a Buddhist name): Keseisokoanju (既成宗功庵主). His tomb: Soko-ji Temple park in Miyanojo. This lineage of Tadanaga became the Miyanojo family later. | 法号：既成宗功庵主。 墓所：宮之城の宗功寺公園。 この忠長の系統が、後に宮之城家となる。 |
Richu-nyoo (September 26, 1641 - October 9, 1689) was a Buddhist nun of the early Edo period. Her father was Emperor Gomizunoo. Her mother was Takako KUSHIGE. Her childhood name was Kashi no miya. She was the 21st Monzeki (in this case, successor of a temple) of Hokyo-ji Temple in Kyoto. | 理忠女王（りちゅうにょおう、寛永18年8月22日 (旧暦)（1641年9月26日） － 元禄2年8月26日 (旧暦)（1689年10月9日））は、江戸時代前期の尼僧。 父は後水尾天皇。 母は櫛笥隆子。 幼名は柏宮。 京都宝鏡寺第21世門跡。 |
In 1656, she entered Hokyo-ji Temple and underwent tokudo (entry into the Buddhist religious orders), and chose her hoi (imina (personal name) used by Buddhist officials) as Richu and posthumous name as Gizan. In 1681, she became the manager of Keiai-ji Temple and was permitted to wear purple (purple costume of high priest which requires permission), and was given the title of In as Kotoku-in in 1689. | 1656年（明暦2年）宝鏡寺に入って得度し、法諱を理忠、号を義山と号した。 1681年（天和 (日本)元年）景愛寺の寺主となって紫衣を許可され、1689年（元禄2年）高徳院の号を賜った。 |
Sanborai is a gemon taken from Zunshi Jodosangangi. | 三宝礼（さんぼうらい）とは遵式浄土懺願儀から採った偈文（げもん）である。 |
A sekitai (leather belt) is a belt of black leather, used when dressing in sokutai costume. | 石帯（せきたい）は、束帯装束のときに用いられる黒皮製の帯。 |
Its name is derived from the fact that decorative stones and other materials, such as agate and rhinoceros horn, are sewn onto the leather belt. | 皮製の帯部分に、メノウや犀角（サイの角）などの飾り石を縫い付けているのが名前の由来。 |
The sekitai was initially fastened together with a metal buckle like an ordinary belt, but it was tied with strings from the end of the Heian Period, and it was made of only two parts of leather: the back part and an extra part. | 本来、通常のベルトのように彫金を施した金属製のバックルでとめたが、平安末期以降前を紐で結びとめる方式になり、背中に当てる部分と結び余り部分のみを皮で作った二部構成となった。 |
Yasumitsu URAMATSU (July 31, 1800 - March 17, 1872) was a court noble in the end of the Edo period. He was a son of Mitsuyo URAMATSU and adopted by Akimitsu URAMATSU. | 裏松 恭光（うらまつ やすみつ、寛政12年6月10日 (旧暦)（1800年7月31日） - 明治5年2月9日 (旧暦)（1872年3月17日））は、幕末の公家。 裏松光世の子、裏松明光の養子。 |
Counted among what are called three major industries along with ryotei (fancy Japanese-style restaurant) and okiya (geisha dwelling), machiai-chaya is mainly used for pursuing pleasures with geisha girls, and eating and drinking. | 料亭、置屋とともにいわゆる三業の一角を占め、主として芸妓との遊興や飲食を目的として利用される。 |
When people use Machiai-chaya for drinking and eating, they cannot order dishes directly to Machiai-chaya except beverages, because Machiai-chaya are not allowed to have kitchens for cooking dishes to serve. Therefore, people need to order dishes from caterers and other restaurants. As a result, machiai-chaya are frequently used as a place not only for a party but also for a party after a party. | 飲食の際は飲み物は備わっているが料理は直接提供できない。 したがって仕出し屋などから取り寄せる必要がある。 このことから一次会は無論、二次会の会場として使われる場合も多い。 |
As a measure to deal with economic downturn and to attract tourists, both machiai and chaya nationwide have become available to customers who visit there for the first time. However, many chaya in Kyoto refuse first-time customers, saying that customers without introduction from somebody are not allowed to enter their facilities. | 利用は各地の待合・お茶屋も不況や観光資源化により初めてでも入店できる。 京都のお茶屋は特に紹介がなければ入れない、一見さんお断りとする店も多い。 |
Hayatoshi (Hayato Office) was the institution that belonged to Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) and later Hyobusho (ministry of military) on the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code). Kun (Japanese reading) was Hayahito no Tsukasa. | 隼人司（はやとし）は、律令制において衛門府、後に兵部省に属した機関。 訓ははやひとのつかさなど。 |
Shimo Goryo-jinja Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City. It was ranked as a fusha (prefectural shrine) under the old shrine classification system. The name Shimo Goryo-jinja Shrine (lit. Lower Goryo-jinja Shrine) corresponds to that of Kami Goryo-jinja Shrine (Upper Goryo-jinja Shrine). | 下御霊神社（しもごりょうじんじゃ）は、京都市上京区にある神社である。 旧社格は府社。 下御霊神社という社名は上御霊神社に対応するものである。 |
Enshrined deities The following eight deities, known as the 'Hassho Goryo' (lit. eight enshrined avenging spirits) are enshrined. | 祭神 祭神は以下の八柱で、「八所御霊」と称される。 |
These deities (excluding KIBI no Shoryo) are all the vengeful spirits of those who were killed in political conflicts, and this shrine was founded to comfort their anger. | これらの諸神は（吉備真備を除いて）いづれも政争に巻き込まれて憤死した人々で、その怨霊を慰めるために創建されたのが当社である。 |
Subsidiary shrines Inari-sha Shrine Kitano-sha Shrine Ise-sha Shrine (Naiku and Geku) (constructed between 1818 and 1830) Suika-sha Shrine and Sarutahiko-sha Shrine (Enshrines Suika Shinto proponent Ansai YAMAZAKI and was formally combined with Sarutahiko-sha Shrine) | 末社 稲荷社 北野社 伊勢社(内宮・外宮)(文政年間に建造) 垂加社・猿田彦社(垂加神道を唱えた山崎闇斎を祀る、のち猿田彦社と合祀された。) |
The shrine is said to have been named Shimo Goryo-jinja Shrine (lit. Lower Goryo-jinja Shrine) due to its original location to the south of Kami Goryo-jinja Shrine (Upper Goryo-jinja Shrine). It was later relocated to Shinmachi Demizu before being moved again to its current site in 1590 due to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's redesign of the capital. | 元は出雲路の上御霊神社の南にあったことから下御霊神社と呼ばれるようになったと伝えられる。 後に新町出水に移され、天正18年（1590年）、豊臣秀吉の都市整備にともない現在地に遷座した。 |
Tsuyoshi SHIGA, a researcher of shrines listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (register of shrines and deities in the book of regulations of the Engi era), believes Shimo Goryo-jinja Shrine to be Izumoinoheno-jinja Shrine (classified as a Taisha) listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho but its history is unclear and there is no mention of Izumoinoheno-jinja Shrine in the history records held at Shimo Goryo-jinja Shrine. | なお、式内社研究家の志賀剛が延喜式神名帳に記載される出雲井於神社（式内大社）を当社に比定しているが、継続性は不詳であり、神社側の由諸では出雲井於神社について言及していない。 |
Festival The annual Goryo-sai Festival was held on the 20th day of the 8th month (old calendar) until the Meiji period but is now held on the 3rd Sunday in May. | 祭事 例祭の御霊祭は明治までは8月20日 (旧暦)に行われていたが、現在では5月の第3日曜日に行われている。 |
This festival is held in cooperation with local elementary schools. | 御霊祭では、地域の小学校と連携した取り組みが進められている。 |
On March 14, 1864, when he was allowed to return to the secular life (exclaustration), he re-succeeded to the Fushiminomiya family and was again called Kuniie. In March, 1866 (or 1865), he was promoted to Nihon (the second rank of Imperial Prince), and became Shikibusho-kyo (the Minister of Ceremonial). | 元治元年（1864年）2月7日 (旧暦)復飾を許され、伏見宮を再継承し、邦家の名に復帰した。 元治3年（2年説あり）3月二品に昇叙され、式部省卿となる。 |
Princess Tomoko (March 10, 1738-September 28, 1771) was a member of the Imperial family in the late Edo period, and the lawful wife of Ieharu TOKUGAWA, the tenth Shogun. Her childhood name was Isonomiya. | 倫子女王（ともこ じょおう、元文3年1月20日 (旧暦)（1738年3月10日） - 明和8年8月20日 (旧暦)（1771年9月28日））は、江戸時代後期の皇族で、10代将軍徳川家治の正室。 幼名は五十宮（いそのみや）。 |
He studied Zen from Sijian Zitan, a monk from overseas, and he became the chief priest of Choraku-ji Temple in the Kozuke Province. | 渡来僧の西澗子曇（せいかんすどん）について禅を修め、上野国長楽寺 (太田市)の住持となった。 |
A statue of Ene ANDO now housed at the Nara National Museum is designated as an important cultural property. | 奈良国立博物館所蔵の「安東円恵像」は国の重要文化財に指定されている。 |
Tsuma is a garnish used for sashimi dish. It is also written as 'ツマ.' | つまは、刺身料理に用いられるつけあわせのことである。 ツマとも表記される。 |
Yukimori NIKAIDO (1181 - December 30, 1253) was a grandson of Yukimasa NIKAIDO and Mandokoro Shitsuji (chief of Mandokoro, the Administrative Board) of the Kamakura bakufu and hyojoshu (a member of Council of State). | 二階堂 行盛（にかいどう ゆきもり、1181年（養和元年） - 1253年12月30日（建長5年12月9日 (旧暦)））は、二階堂行政の孫で鎌倉幕府の政所執事、評定衆。 |
This family line inherited Mandokoro Shitsuji subsequently, and Yukiyasu NIKAIDO succeeded it first, but since his son died young, it was transferred to another child of Yukimori, a brother of Yukiyasu, Yukutsuna NIKAIDO, Yukitada NIKAIDO, and it was transferred from Yukitada to his grandson, Yukisada NIKAIDO in 1286. | 以降この家系がほぼ政所執事を世襲し、最初は二階堂行泰が継ぐが、その子の早死になどで行盛の他の子、行泰の弟の二階堂行綱、二階堂行忠の家に移り、1286年（弘安9年）に行忠からその孫の二階堂行貞に受け継がれた。 |
Junsai (year of birth unknown - March 16, 1207) was a priest of the Jodo (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism who lived from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period His father was NAKAHARA no Morohide. His bomyo (another name of a priest) was Anrakubo (he was also referred to as Anraku from this bomyo). His secular name was NAKAHARA no Morohiro. | 遵西（じゅんさい、生年不詳 - 建永2年2月9日 (旧暦)（1207年3月9日））は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけての浄土宗の僧。 父は中原師秀。 房名は安楽房（この房名から安楽とも称される）。 俗名は中原師広。 |
"Sanseki"refers to three established calligraphers. You can find Sanpitsu (three brushes) in each period in history, but no-one left more of a mark on subsequent ages than the Sanseki. Also written as "三蹟"(sanseki). They are also called "Sanseki of Jubokudo." | 三跡（さんせき）は、書道の大御所三人のこと。 三筆は各時代にいるが、この三跡ほどの影響を後世まで与えた人物はいない。 字は三蹟とも表記する。 また、入木道の三蹟（じゅぼくどうのさんせき）とも言う。 |
Sanseki Three people who achieved great success in Japanese style calligraphy. Yusoku-yomi (a way of reading names expressing respect) are shown in parentheses next to each name below. | 三蹟 それぞれ、和様の大成者。 名のとなりのカギカッコ内は有職読み。 |
FUJIWARA no Yukinari ('Kozei') - called "Gonseki" as he was Gon Dainagon (provisional chief-councilor of state). | 藤原行成（ふじわらのゆきなり「コウゼイ」） - 権大納言であったので、権跡（ごんせき）と呼ばれる。 |
FUJIWARA no Sukemasa ('Sari') - called "Saseki" (佐跡) taking 'sa (佐)' from Sukemasa (佐理). | 藤原佐理 （ふじわらのすけまさ「サリ」） - 佐理の「佐」をとって、佐跡（させき）と呼ばれる。 |
ONO no Michikaze ('Tofu') - called "Yaseki" (野跡) taking 'ya (野)' from Ono (小野). | 小野道風 （おののみちかぜ「トウフウ」） - 小野の「野」をとって、野跡（やせき）と呼ばれる。 |
There is a well-known way to remember who the Sanseki are using yusoku-yomi: 'Mahotsukai Sari (Sari) no papa ga tofu (Tofu) wo kauzei (Kozei)' (this is the name of an episode of a famous Japanese anime series called "Sally the Witch"; it means "Sally the Witch's daddy buys some tofu"). | 三蹟の覚え方としては、有職読みを使った「魔法使いサリー（サリ）ちゃんのパパがとうふ（トウフウ）を買うぜい（コウゼイ）」が有名である。 |
FUJIWARA no Kiyoko (1122 - January 17, 1182) was an empress at the end of the Heian period. She was the chugu (Empress) of Emperor Sutoku and the foster mother of Emperor Konoe, and had the title of Nyoin (close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing). Her ingo (title) was Kokamoin. | 藤原 聖子（ふじわら の きよこ、保安 (元号)3年（1122年） - 養和元年12月4日 (旧暦)（1182年1月10日））は平安時代末期の后妃。 崇徳天皇の中宮、近衞天皇の養母で女院。 院号は皇嘉門院。 |
She agreed to look after her paternal younger brother and the adopted child, Kanezane KUJO, after the death of her father. She adopted Yoshimichi KUJO, who was the legitimate son of Kanezane and passed over the territory of Saishokongo-in Shrine which existed since the time of Tadamichi in 1180. This became the headstream of the family estate of later generations of the Kujo family. | 父の没後は猶子としていた異母弟の九条兼実の後見を受けた。 また治承4年（1180年）に兼実の嫡男九条良通を猶子として、忠通伝来の最勝金剛院領などを相続させた。 これが後世における九条家家領の源流となったとされる。 |
Kyo ningyo is a general term for luxurious Japanese dolls, which have been traditionally made around the city of Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture. Kyo ningyo, which were cherished as a favorite toy by daughters of nobles in the Heian period, have been made by craftsmen in Kyoto and were appreciated as gifts from Kyoto back in the Edo period. | 京人形（きょうにんぎょう）とは、京都府京都市周辺で伝統的に制作されてきた高級日本人形の総称である。 平安時代の貴族の姫君の遊び道具として愛玩された人形の制作は京の職人が担っており、江戸時代には京の土産品としても珍重された。 |
Due to its delicate characteristics, the production process is divided into several phases, with each phase employing smaller tasks. Kyo ningyo is a traditional craft of Japan and is registered as a Regional Collective Trademark. | その精巧さから制作工程は細分化されており、各工程が分業化されている。 伝統工芸品であり、地域団体商標にも登録されている。 |
Yamata no Orochi is a legendary creature that appears in Japanese myth. "八岐大蛇" are Chinese characters which refer to Yamata no Orochi in the "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan). In the "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), Yamata no Orochi was written in this way: "八俣遠呂智". | ヤマタノオロチ（八岐大蛇、八俣遠呂智、八俣遠呂知）は、日本神話に登場する伝説の生物一覧。 八岐大蛇は、『日本書紀』での表記。 『古事記』では八俣遠呂智と表記している。 |
There are various accounts of Yamata no Orochi. | 意味は諸説ある。 |
It is said that the serpent had eight heads and eight tails; its eyes were as red as Chinese lantern plants; its back was covered with moss and trees; the belly was sore with blood; it was so huge that it could be spread over eight valleys and eight peaks. | 8つの頭と8本の尾を持ち、目はホオズキのように真っ赤で、背中には苔や木が生え、腹は血でただれ、8つの谷、8つの峰にまたがるほど巨大とされている。 |
Mt. Gorogadake is a mountain that is located in the center of Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture and divides Higashi-Maizuru and Nishi-Maizuru. It is 301 meters high. | 五老岳（ごろうがだけ）は、京都府舞鶴市の中央部、東舞鶴と西舞鶴を分ける山岳。 標高301m。 |
Its summit commands an extensive view of the complicated coastline of a ria coast and green islands in Japan Sea. | 山頂から見える、複雑に入り組んだリアス式海岸と、日本海に浮かぶ緑の島々が広がる景色豊かな山である。 |
It is one of the best places to go to see the first sunrise of the year. | 初日の出を見る好スポットでもある。 |
TAIRA no Yoshikado (year of birth and death unknown) was legendary busho (Japanese military commander) said to have lived in the mid-Heian period, or a specter. | 平 良門（たいら の よしかど、生没年未詳）は、平安時代中期の伝説上の武将、もしくは妖怪。 |
Omote-senke is one of the various tea ceremony schools that can be found in Japan. It is the head family of the Senke founded by SEN no Rikyu and, Omote-senke is one of the san-Senke (literally, "the three Sen houses"), the other two being Omote-senke and Mushanokoji-senke. Although the exact number of disciples is unknown, it is considered about one half of that of Ura-senke. | 表千家（おもてせんけ）は、茶道流派の一つ。 千利休を祖とする千家の本家にあたり、裏千家・武者小路千家と共に三千家と呼ばれる。 正確な門弟数は不明であるが、裏千家の半数程度であると思われる。 |
The house of the head of the school is located at Horikawa-dori Street Higashi-iru, Teranouchi, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City. The term 'Omote-senke' derived from Fushin-an, which the tea-ceremony room symbolizing Omote-senke, being situated at the front (omote) of the street as compared to Konnichi-an at Ura (back)-senke. At present, Fushin-an is managed by the Fushin-an Foundation. | 宗家は京都市上京区寺之内堀川通東入にある。 表千家という名は、表千家を象徴する茶室不審菴（ふしんあん）が裏千家の今日庵に比して通りの表にあることに由来する。 現在不審菴は財団法人不審菴が管理している。 |
The Aso clan originated in Higo Province. | 阿蘇（あそ）氏は、肥後国の氏族。 |
Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto is believed to be a child of Kamuyaimimi no mikoto. However, it was often the case that a local gozoku that submitted itself to the Imperial Court was considered as a descendent of Kamuyaimimi no mikoto, and the case of Takeiwa tatsuno-mikoto is probably one such example. | 健磐龍命は神八井耳命の子とされる。 朝廷に帰順した地方豪族は、神八井耳命の子孫とされる事がままあり、その一例であろう。 |
Toshimasa BOJO (1582 - September 15, 1609) was a court noble who lived in the era from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the Edo period. | 坊城 俊昌（ぼうじょう としまさ、天正10年（1582年） - 慶長14年8月17日 (旧暦)（1609年9月15日））は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代にかけての公家（公卿）。 |
He was the ninth head of the Bojo family, a Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) (the family ranked as Meike (an important family) (a court noble), and belonged to the Kanshuji branch of the Takafuji line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan). | 堂上家（家格は、名家 (公家)、藤原北家高藤流勧修寺庶流）である、坊城家の9代当主。 |
In 1595, he restored the Bojo family that had remained terminated for 55 years after Shunmei BOJO, who assumed the post of Gon Chunagon, died. | 文禄4年（1595年）、権中納言・坊城俊名の没後、55年に渡り中絶していた坊城家を再興。 |
He was appointed to Sangi (councilor) on August 18, 1609, but died in the same year. His highest rank awarded was Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade). | 慶長14年（1609年）7月19日、参議に叙官されるが同年に没。 極位は、従四位上。 |
Bunkokuho was influenced by Goseibai Shikimoku and Kenmu Shikimoku while its contents reflected the actual conditions of control over one county. Main items that Bunkokuho regulated were control over farmers, discipline for retainers, control over temples and shrines, lawsuits about land, military service, and so on. | 分国法には、先行武家法である御成敗式目および建武式目の影響が見られるが、一方では、自らの分国支配の実情を反映した内容となっている。 分国法が規定する主な事項には、領民支配、家臣統制、寺社支配、所領相論、軍役、などがある。 |
Gado KATAOKA is one of the professional names of Kabuki. It belongs to Nizaemon KATAOKA and is mainly used in the line of Nizaemon KATAOKA the eighth. | 片岡我童（かたおか・がどう）は歌舞伎の名跡の一種。 片岡仁左衛門所縁の名跡だが、八代目仁左衛門系統で主に用いられている。 |
Gado KATAOKA the first 'Haimyo (a.k.a. Haimei)' (the term originally refers to a pen name as a haiku poet, but it also refers to a kabuki actor's offstage name which can be used officially and privately) of Nizaemon KATAOKA the seventh. | 初代片岡我童 - 片岡仁左衛門 (7代目)の俳名。 |
Gado KATAOKA the second Later became Nizaemon KATAOKA the eighth | 二代目片岡我童 - 後の片岡仁左衛門 (8代目)。 |
Gado KATAOKA the third Son of Gado KATAOKA the second Later became Nizaemon KATAOKA the tenth | 三代目片岡我童 - 二代目の子。 後の片岡仁左衛門 (10代目)。 |
Gado KATAOKA the fourth Son of Gado KATAOKA the third Later became Nizaemon KATAOKA the twelfth | 四代目片岡我童 - 三代目の子。 後の片岡仁左衛門 (12代目)。 |
Gado KATAOKA the thirteenth Son of Gado KATAOKA the fourth Originally he should have been Gado KATAOKA the fifth. He was posthumously named Nizaemon KATAOKA the fourteenth. See Gado KATAOKA (the thirteenth) | 十三代目片岡我童 - 四代目の子。 本来は五代目。 後に片岡仁左衛門 (14代目)を追贈。 片岡我童 (13代目)の項参照。 |
In order to claim his legitimate right to use the name Matsushimaya (a Kabuki guild name that had existed since Nizaemon KATAOKA the tenth), Gado KATAOKA the thirteenth chose to use the number 13 for his name, adding one to the number used in the name of his father, Nizaemon KATAOKA the twelfth (who had earlier been known as Gado KATAOKA the fourth), instead of adopting the name Gado KATAOKA the fifth. | 十三代目は十代目片岡仁左衛門以来の松嶋屋正系を主張する意味から、五代目ではなく、父十二代目仁左衛門の代数に一を加えた十三代目を名乗っていた。 |
It is a pass on the border between Tanba City, Hyogo Prefecture and Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture. It is at an altitude of 270 meters. | 榎峠（えのきとうげ）は、兵庫県丹波市と京都府福知山市との境にある峠。 標高270m。 |
National Route 429 running through the pass is blind winding road which is so narrow that vehicles hardly go by each other and that makes the traffic extremely difficult to go through. Local people tend to cross over Anaura Pass on Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectural Road 109 Fukuchiyama Sannan Line which is relatively easier to drive. | 国道429号が通っているが、すれ違い不能の狭路と見通しの悪いつづら折れのため通行はきわめて困難である。 地元住民の車は榎峠よりも、比較的走行が容易な京都府道・兵庫県道109号福知山山南線の穴裏峠を越えることが多い。 |
As a road sign saying 'Hardly Passable by Large Vehicles' is placed at the approach of the pass, large-sized vehicles practically cannot drive the pass. | 峠への登り口には「大型車通行困難」の標識があり、大型車の通行は事実上不可能である。 |
In 960, he participated as a member of the judging panel in the 'Tentoku imperial poetry contest' and played a role in reciting the poems; however, an incident took place whereupon becoming stage-struck in front of the Emperor, he made the error of proceeding to read a poem different in title from the one announced. | また960年のいわゆる「天徳内裏歌合」に講師として参加、歌を詠ずる役であったが、帝の前で緊張し、出されていた歌題とは異なる歌を読んでしまうという失敗をしたというエピソードもある。 |
Details of his personal traits are noted in the 'Shoyuki' Diary by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke: 'apparently accomplished in both letters and ensemble music.' However he was also deemed to be the laziest fool that ever lived. | 性格について藤原実資はその日記「小右記」で「博雅の如きは文筆・管絃者なり。 ただし、天下懈怠の白物（しれもの）なり」と評している。 |
Takeru no miko (651 - 658) was a member of the Imperial Family in the Asuka period. He was the second prince of the Emperor Tenchi. His mother was Ochi no iratsume, who was a daughter of SOGANOKURA-YAMADA no Ishikawamaro. He had older sisters-uterine, Ota no himemiko and the Empress Jito. | 建皇子（たけるのみこ、白雉2年（651年） - 皇極天皇4年（658年）は、飛鳥時代の皇族。 天智天皇の第二皇子。 母は蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の娘・遠智娘。 同母姉に大田皇女・持統天皇がいる。 |
"Honmatsu seido," a system intended to control the Buddhist organizations, was established by the Tokugawa shogunate during the Edo period. | 本末制度（ほんまつせいど）は、江戸時代、徳川幕府が仏教教団を統制するために設けた制度である。 |
It aimed to control Buddhist sects by placing each of their temples within the hierarchy, from the main temple to the branch temple. Therefore, the shogunate needed to eliminate the temple that belonged to no main temple, and thereby fix the hierarchy of all temples. | 各宗派の寺院を重層的な本山・末寺の関係に置くことで、その宗派に対する統制をはかった制度である。 そのため、無本寺寺院をゼロにして、寺院相互の本末関係を固定化してしまう必要があった。 |
In 1631, the shogunate banned the construction of a new temple, and the following year it compelled every main temple to submit a 'matsuji cho' (list of sub-temples). This incorporated the ancient temples of each local community into the hierarchy of a certain sect. | 1631年、新寺の創建を禁止し、翌年以降、各本山に対して「末寺帳」の提出を義務づけた。 これによって、各地方の古刹が幕府の命によって、形式的に特定の宗派に編入されることとなった。 |
The incorporation also enabled the shogunate to ensure that its intention regarding Buddhism was made known to all branch temples through each sect's 'furegashira' (administrative head temple) in Edo. | 幕府は、江戸に設置された各宗派の「触頭」を通じて、自らの意向を宗派の末寺に対して周知徹底させることが可能になった。 |
The Aihara clan was a samurai family that played an active role during the Medieval Period. | 粟飯原氏（あいはらうじ）は中世に活躍した武家。 |
Shinsai IGARASHI (date of birth and death unknown) was a lacquer artist in the Muromachi period. He was a Makieshi (gold lacquer master) He was the founder of the Igarashi school. | 五十嵐信斎（いがらし しんさい、生没年未詳）は、室町時代の漆芸家。 蒔絵師。 五十嵐派の祖。 |
He served Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, and applied makie (Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder) to various furnishings referred to as Higashiyama gyomotsu (things, such as paintings, tea utensils, flower vases, collected by Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi bakufu). | 足利義政に仕え、東山御物と称される諸調度に蒔絵を施した。 |
The Shimojima clan was an active navy based in Maizuru Bay in Kyoto Prefecture. | 下志万氏は、京都府の舞鶴湾を拠点に活躍した水軍。 |
In the next year, Soa returned to Japan, accompanying Doi TENRIN and Ichijo ICHIAN who were the envoys of Ming. After that, the seishi and fukushi to head the Envoy Ships Dispatched to Ming China were selected from the priests of gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government) of the Rinzai sect. | その翌年、祖阿は明使である天倫道彝（てんりんどうい）・一庵一如を伴って帰国した。 これ以後、遣明船の正使・副使は臨済宗の五山関係の僧から選任されるようになった。 |
Gantoku-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple belonging to the Tendai Sect located in Oharano, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City. Its sango (honorific mountain prefix) is Mt. Bukkarin. Its Ingo (temple title) is Hobodai-in. The principal image is a statue of Nyoirin Kannon in the in half-lotus position, which is a national treasure and the 33rd site on the Rakuyo Kannon Pilgrimage of 33 Temples in Kyoto City. | 願徳寺（がんとくじ）は、京都市西京区大原野にある天台宗の寺院。 山号は仏華林山。 院号は宝菩提院。 本尊は国宝の如意輪観音菩薩半跏像で、洛陽三十三箇所の第33番札所でもある。 |
Cultural Properties National Treasure Wooden statue of a bodhisattva in the half-lotus position Important Cultural Properties Wooden standing statue of Yakushi Nyorai | 文化財 国宝 木造菩薩半跏像 重要文化財 木造薬師如来立像 |
Location 1223-2 Oharano Minamikasuga-cho, Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture | 所在地 京都府京都市西京区大原野南春日町1223-2 |
TACHIBANA no Kiminaga (dates of birth and death unknown) was busho (Japanese military commander) of the Tachibana clan in the end of the Heian period. He was the ninth generation descendant of TACHIBANA no Kimisai who was the second son of TACHIBANA no Hiromi. Umanosuke. His father was TACHIBANA no Kinmitsu (公光) (Kinshige[公重]) and his children were TACHIBANA no Kintada and TACHIBANA no Kiminari. | 橘 公長（たちばな の きみなが、生没年未詳）は平安時代末期の橘氏の武将。 橘広相の次男の橘公材の九代後の子孫。 右馬允。 父は橘公光（公重）、子に橘公忠、橘公業。 |
His descendants spread to Hizen Province and flourished as the Ogashima (小鹿島) clan named after the place name Ogashima (present-day Oga City, Akita Prefecture) which was temporarily the territory of his second son Kiminari. | 子孫は肥前国に広がり、次男の公業が一時所領とした小鹿島（現秋田県男鹿市）の地名をとった小鹿島氏として繁栄した。 |
Nenryo zakki was earthenware from Owari Province and Nagato Province appointed by the central government as payments of tribute under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code). In some cases, nenryo zakki referred specifically to ryokuyu toki (green-glazed ware). | 年料雑器（ねんりょうざっき）とは、律令制において尾張国・長門国両国より中央に貢納させた陶器。 特に緑釉陶器を指す場合がある。 |
The Engishiki (codes and procedures on national rites and prayers) stipulated size standards for earthenware, such as the diameter of owan (large soup bowls) as 289mm, nakawan (medium-sized soup bowls) as 212mm, showan (small soup bowls) as 182mm, kaban (plates with a floral pattern with legs) as 167mm and hanagataenbai as 91mm. | 延喜式には、大椀（径9.5寸）・中椀（径7寸）・小椀（径6寸）・花盤（径5.5寸）・花形塩杯（径3寸）などの規格が定められていた。 |
He was able to be promoted to a higher rank among the Asakura's same name group, since he married to Kita dono. Upon the death of his father, he succeeded the castle the father lived, Ago-jo Castle. | 北殿を妻に迎えたことで、朝倉同名衆の中でも高い地位を得ることができた。 父の没後、その居城安居城を継承する。 |
He showed great performances in the riot of Eisho that occurred in 1506 leading 3,800 soldiers, as well as in the Battle of Kuzuryugawa. | 永正3年（1506年）に発生した永正の一向一揆では3,800の兵を率い、九頭竜川の戦いでも活躍した。 |
He died on April 13, 1535. He died aged 52. | 天文 (元号)4年（1535年）4月13日没。 享年52。 |
Imperial Princess Katsuranomiya Sumiko (February 22, 1829 - October 3, 1881) was Emperor Ninko's third Princess. Her birth mother was Azechi no naishi (lady-in-waiting), Kiyoko KANROJI. Her childhood name was Tokinomiya. Her half younger brother was Emperor Komei, half younger sister was Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako. | 桂宮 淑子内親王（かつらのみや すみこないしんのう、文政12年1月19日（1829年2月22日） - 明治14年（1881年）10月3日）は、仁孝天皇の第三皇女。 生母は按察使典侍甘露寺妍子。 幼名は敏宮（ときのみや）。 孝明天皇は異母弟、和宮親子内親王は異母妹にあたる。 |
Zenpo KONPARU (1454 - 1532?) was a Nohgakushi (Noh actor) in the late Heian period. His real name was Motoyasu HACHIRO (八郎元安) and his Homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) was Zenpo TORIN (桐林禅鳳). He was a representative Noh actor in that period and was also famous for writing Noh plays, as well as books of theories of Nohgaku (theories of Noh drama). | 金春 禅鳳（こんぱる ぜんぽう、1454年（享徳3年） - 1532年（天文 (日本)元年）？）は、室町時代後期の能楽師。 実名・八郎元安、法名・桐林禅鳳。 当時を代表する能役者であったとともに、能作者、能楽論の著者としても知られる。 |
Grand master | 師範（しはん） |
Someone who has good qualities or behavior that other people should copy. | 手本となる人。 |
Job titles for instructors, appointed by each police headquarters of administrative divisions of Japan: Tokyo-to, Hokkai-do, Osaka-fu, Kyoto-fu and other prefectures, of training courses such as kendo (Japanese art of fencing), taihojutsu (arresting art) and the like. | 都道府県警察本部において任ずる剣道、逮捕術等術科の指導者の職位。 |
A teacher of learning, military arts, or practical arts. It is also used as a naming of a license. | 学問・武芸・技芸等の先生。 また、資格の名としても用いる。 |
An abbreviated name of a school for teacher training. | 師範学校の略称。 |
Grand masters in martial arts and accomplishments. | 武道・芸道における師範 |
Judo is different from the other martial arts in that the grand master of Judo is Jigoro KANO only. | 柔道の場合、師範とは「嘉納治五郎」一人のみを指し、他の武道における師範とは異なる。 |
"Kojikiden" or "Furukotofumi no tsutae" is forty-four volumes of commentaries on "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) by Norinaga MOTOORI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in the Edo period. This book is casually referred to as "Kiden." | 『古事記伝』（こじきでん、ふることふみのつたえ）は、江戸時代の国学者・本居宣長の『古事記』全編にわたる全44巻の註釈書である。 『記伝』と略される。 |
Tomi KUSAKABE (years of birth and death unknown) was a Hira-taishi (common soldier) of the Shinsengumi (literally, the newly selected corps, referring to a special police force for the Tokugawa regime). | 日下部 遠江（くさかべ とおみ、生没年不詳）は新選組平隊士。 |
Tomonomiyatsuko is the Gozoku (local powerful clans) who administered each group of tsukasa (offices) in the Yamato Dynasty under or sometimes together with the clans of muraji (one of ancient Japanese hereditary titles denoting rank and political standing). | 伴造（とものみやつこ）とは、連（むらじ）とも重なり、また連の下でヤマト王権の各部司を分掌した豪族である。 |
Shigetomi was born in Kyoto. He became a jido (page) of Emperor Kokaku in 1809, held a post in the Imperial Court in 1815, and then was given important posts by Emperor Komei. | 京都に生まれる。 文化 (元号)6年（1809年）に光格天皇の侍童となり、文化12年（1815年）に宮中に昇り、孝明天皇に重用される。 |
Later he was released from confinement and promoted to Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) in 1868, assumed posts in the new Meiji Government, such as Sanyo (Councilor) or Gijo (official post), a member of the Cabinet, and died in 1879 at the age of 79. On April 3, 1879, he was posthumously granted Shonii (Senior Second Rank). | 後に許されて、明治元年（1868年）には位階・権中納言に進み、参与・議定など新政府の役職を務め、明治12年（1879年）に死去、享年79。 同年4月3日、贈正二位。 |
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